The national intelligencer and Washington advertiser. (Washington City [D.C.]), 1807-02-18 00:00:00

NATIONAL INTELLIGENCER, AND WASHINGTON ADVERTISER.
VOL. VII.
WASHINGTON CITY, PRINTED BY SAMUEL HARRISON SMITH, PENNSYLVANIA AVENUE.
No. 990.
FIVE DOLLARS PER ANNUM.
WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 18, 1807.
PAID IN ADVANCE.
District of Columbia, County of Washington, } December Term, 1806.
WE, the grand inquest of the United States for the district and county, aforesaid, do, on our oaths, unanimously present as a grievance, the exorbitant fees allowed to the prosecutor of the district, the gentlemen of the bar, the marshal, the clerk, as practiced in the circuit court of the said county. We further unanimously present as a grievance, so much of the act of Congress as exempts the persons of debtors, for sums not exceeding twenty dollars, from imprisonment.
This presentment is founded on a knowledge, that the fees allowed to the officers of the court, as above mentioned, exceed in a most extravagant proportion those allowed for similar services in any court of equal grade in this part of the world; and a firm belief that they bear with great weight on citizens of all descriptions, and on those of small means in such manner as is well calculated to drive them from the district.
In a conviction that the operations of that portion of the law, which prohibits imprisonment for debts less than twenty dollars, is to favor the idol vagabond, to encourage idleness, and to shake the confidence which ought to exist among the citizens.
It is respectfully solicited, that the honorable court will cause this presentment to be published in the newspapers of the city of Washington and George Town.
DANIEL REINTZEL, Foreman.
Resolved, That the Foreman be required to publish the presentment made by this jury relative to the fees and the twenty dollar law, after the session of the court is finished, in case the court shall not previously have done the same.
By order, DANIEL REINTZEL, Foreman.
FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE.
FORTY FIRST BULLETIN.
Posen, 14th December, 1806.
The general of brigade Belair, of the corps of marshal Ney, set off from Thorn, the 9th of this month, and marched towards Gollup. The 6th battalion of light infantry and the chief of squadron Schoeni with 60 men of the 3d Hussars met a party of 400 of the enemy's cavalry. These two advanced posts had a skirmish. The Prussians lost an officer and had five dragoons made prisoners and thirty men killed, whose horses remained in our possession. Marshal Ney bestows great praise on the chief of squadron Schoeni. Our advanced posts on that side reach as far as Strasburg.
The 11th at six o'clock in the morning, a cannonade was heard on the side of the Bug. Marshal Davoust had made the general of brigade Gauthier cross this river at the mouth of the Wieke, opposite the village of Okunin. The 25th of the line and the 8th having crossed, had already covered themselves by a tete de pont and had advanced half a league forward, to the village of Pomikowo: when a Russian division presented itself to carry this village, it made only useless efforts, was repulsed and lost a great many men. We had 20 men killed or wounded.
The bridge of Thorn, which is upon pillars, is repaired; the fortifications of this place are repairing. The bridge from Warsaw to the suburbs of Prague is finished; it is a bridge of boats. A fortified camp is throwing up at the suburbs of Prague; the general of engineers Chasseloup has the chief direction of these works.
On the 16th marshal Augereau crossed the Vistula between Zakroczyn and Utrata. His detachments are working upon the right bank to cover themselves with retrenchments. The Russians appear to have forces at Pultusk.
Marshal Bessieres is stretching out from Thorn with the second corps of the reserve of cavalry, consisting of the division of light cavalry of general Tilly, of the dragons of generals Grouchy and Sahuc, and of the cuirassiers of general d'Hautpoul.
Messrs. de Lucchesini and de Zaslow, plenipotentiaries of the king of Prussia, passed on the 10th, through Thorn to repair to Konigsberg to their master.
A whole Prussian battalion of Klock has deserted from the village of Brock. It took its way by different roads to our posts. It partly consists of Prussians and of Poles. They are all indignant at the treatment they receive from the Russians. "Our prince has sold us to the Russians," say they, "we will not go with them."
The enemy have burnt the two suburbs of Breslaw, many women and children perished in the fire. Prince Jerome has succoured those unfortunate inhabitants. Humanity prevailed over the laws of war, which prescribe to drive into a besieged place the useless mouths the enemy should endeavour to remove from it. The bombardment was begun.
General Gouvion is appointed governor of Warsaw.
FORTY SECOND BULLETIN.
Posen, 15th December, 1806.
The bridge upon the Narew, at its mouth in the Bug, is finished. The tete de pont is finished and mounted with cannon.
The bridge upon the Vistula, between Zakroczyn and Utrata, near the mouth of the Bug, is in like manner finished. The tete de pont armed with a great number of batteries, is a very formidable work.
The Russian armies are coming in the direction of Grodno and in that of Bialsk, along the Narew and the Bug. The head quarters of one of their divisions was on the 16th at Pultusk upon the Narew.
General Dulauroi is appointed governor of Thorn.
The 8th corps of the grand army, commanded by marshal Mortier, is advancing; it has its right at Stettin, its left at Colloek, and its head quarters at Ankam.
The grenadiers of the reserve of gen. Oudinot are about to arrive at Cullin.
The division of cuirassiers newly formed under the command of gen. Espagne, is coming to Berlin.
The Italian division of gen. Lecchi is assembling at Magdeburg.
The corps of the grand duke of Baden is at Stettin; in a fortnight it will be able to enter into the line. The hereditary prince has constantly followed the head quarters & has been present at every engagement.
The Polish division at Zayonschek, which has been organized at Haguena, and six thousand strong, is at Leipzig for the purpose of being clothed.
His majesty has ordered a regiment to be raised in the Prussian states, beyond the Elbe, it will assemble at Munster. The Prince of Hohenzollern Sigmaringen is appointed colonel of this corps.
A division of the army of reserve of marshal Kellerman is set off from Mentz. The head of this division is already arrived at Magdeburg.
Peace with the Elector of Saxony & the duke of Sax-Weimar has been signed at Posen.
All the Princes of Saxony have been admitted into the Confederacy of the Rhine.
His majesty has disapproved of the levy of contributions laid upon the states of Sax-Gotha and Sax-Meiningen, and has ordered what has been received, to be restored. These princes, not having been at war with France, and having furnished no contingent to Prussia, ought not to subject to war contributions.
The army has taken possession of the country of Mecklenburg. This is a consequence of the treaty signed at Schwerin the 25th October 1805. By this treaty, the prince of Mecklenburg had granted a passage over his territory to the Russian troops commanded by gen. Tolly.
The season astonishes the inhabitants of Poland: It does not freeze. The sun appears every day, & it is still autumnal weather.
The emperor sets off to night for Warsaw.
HAGUE, Dec. 17.
The bill for the creation of a Grand Order of the kingdom, and of an Order of Merit, was sent on the 11th inst. to the assembly of their high mightinesses.
The king's message was couched in the following terms:
Gentlemen, we send you the bill announced to you on the first of this month. Considering, that amongst monarchical states, Holland is the only one which has no order of knighthood; considering that the Dutch nation is celebrated in the annals of the world, both by the genius of its inhabitants, and by their military history, and that it is our duty to leave no means neglected to preserve it in the rank and respectability which it has always enjoyed; wishing in consequence to institute public rewards for those of our subjects who have distinguished themselves and may distinguish themselves throughout every class, and particularly for the officers in the land and sea service; we propose to you to pass the following decree:
Art. 1. A grand order of the kingdom shall be created, under the name of Order of the Union, and likewise a
Royal Order of Merit, destined for civil and military actions. II.—The grand order of the union shall consist of thirty great crosses at most. The expenses of its administration shall be provided for by the persons to whom the king shall have granted this distinction. III. The royal order of merit shall be endowed with an annual revenue of 60,000 florins. This revenue shall form part of the annual budget of the state. IV. The king is declared chief, grand master and founder of the two orders. His successors shall be chiefs and grand masters in perpetuity. V. The king shall appoint the grand crosses, commanders and knights of the two orders, assisted by a chapter formed by three of the eldest commanders, the three eldest knights and a grand chancellor of the order, chosen amongst the commanders, and shall be at the same time the treasurer. VI. The king shall order all the regulations concerning the decorations, administration and discipline of the two orders, as well as the administration and distribution of the funds set apart for the endowment of the royal order of merit.
(Signed) LOUIS. Their high mightinesses having taken into consideration his majesty's message, the bill was converted into a law in the same sitting.
CONGRESS.
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES.
THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 5.
DEBATE on fortifying ports and harbors, continued.
The second resolution under consideration, and the question depending to fill the blank with 250,000 dollars for the purpose of building gun boats.
Mr. MUMFORD. I hope a majority of this House will agree to strike out the whole resolution respecting gun boats, with a view to appropriate that money to solid and durable fortifications. I was opposed to it in Committee of the Whole. I did then, and do now consider, that there is no necessity for any more gun boats. There are, in my opinion, a sufficient number already for the southern sections of the union, for which places they appear to be only adapted, except in a very few places to the north, where there is shoal water. They may answer a very good purpose in shoal water, but are made quite for the defence of your ports and harbors to the north of the New-Jersey shore; and I very much doubt, whether, in a gale of wind they would not even sink at their moorings at the entrance of either of the harbors of Portsmouth, Salem, Plymouth, Newport, or New York.
It has been asserted that this was an electioneering scheme, and that as soon as our spring elections were over, no more would be thought of it, until the next election. I wish, sir, to put this question to eternal rest, by stating the plain matter of fact. Why, sir, it has been considered of so serious a nature in its consequences, and of so much importance, that the legislature of the state of New-York, in their last session, did enter into formal resolutions, instructing their delegation in both branches of the legislature of the United States, to use their utmost endeavors for the defence and protection of the port and harbor of New-York—the whole state is alive on this subject—and the memorials now lying on your table from the mayor and corporation of that city, together with the petitions from the citizens of all political parties, tend to one and the same object, protection to their persons and to their property—there is not, there cannot be any dissenting voice with them on this subject.
The gentleman from Pennsylvania on my right says, he would not defend your Atlantic shores if it was to be done with ships of war. I have too good an opinion of that gentleman's patriotism, to indulge even the idea that he can possibly be serious, to suffer his friends and fellow citizens on these shores to be forsaken and abandoned to their fate. I will assure that gentleman, if his part of the country were attacked by any enemy, foreign or domestic, from the western country, or any where else, I will vouch that he shall have every protection and aid New-York can afford.
Mr. SMILIE said he was willing to divide the appropriation—to apply 150,000 dollars to the building of gun boats, and 100,000 dollars to the fortification of New-York.
Mr. THOMAS observed that, to get at this course, it would be proper in the first instance to disagree to the proposition to fill it with 250,000 dollars.
Mr. COOK hoped they would disagree to this proposition. He believed that 250,000 thousand dollars was a larger sum than was wanted for the fair trial of the experiment whether gun boats would be efficacious. They were not, he added, held in much repute in the eastern country.
The filling the blank with 250,000 dollars was disagreed to—Ayes 4.
Mr. THOMAS moved to fill the blank with 150,000.
Mr. J. RANDOLPH hoped this motion would not be agreed to. He was too unwell to go far into the subject, but he would ask the House whether they were acting with their accustomed caution and distrust, where the expenditure of public money was involved? He thought not. If he were convinced that the expenditure of 150,000, or even 1,500,000 dollars would answer the proposed end, he would cheerfully give it. But, as had been observed, the system of gun boats was a matter of experiment, and if they should eventually turn out good for nothing, the House would be of opinion that they had vested as large a capital in a worthless project as would be deemed necessary. He would not undertake to say they were good for nothing—far from it. But there was no information before the House which entitled him to say they were good for much. When you compare, said Mr. R. the lavish appropriation made on this subject in Committee of the Whole, and view the economy this House always practices on every branch of expenditure, relative to the regular army and navy, looking with an eagle eye on every dollar before they part with it—it surprises me to see them voting hundreds of thousands of dollars for a species of vessels, which in all human probability may be used for river craft in a few years. One thing has been ascertained. Ships of war are defensive and offensive too, but the House will vote no money for an addition to them. I do not censure them for it; but if they will not appropriate for objects, the physical powers of which are ascertained, why vote the public treasure by handfuls for vessels, the powers of which have never been tried? Let the experiment be made, and if it succeeds, let us appropriate liberally; but till then, let us not vote more money than has been already appropriated. I believe there is one situation in which they may be useful—in the Mississippi; I wish however not to be understood as speaking as a man of science on this business. I only wish some evidence of the value of this machine, before I vest so large a capital in it. I hope therefore the blank will not be filled with 150,000 dollars. As it has been stated, I think it will be extremely disproportionate to vote 20,000 dollars for the fortification of all our harbors, and 150,000 for gun boats.
Mr. STANTON said that in the last French war a system of this kind had been adopted, and had proved highly beneficial. In a calm two gun boats would sink a frigate, and if they were obliged to retreat, they could run out of danger at any time.
Mr. J. RANDOLPH rose for information. He wished some gentleman acquainted with the subject would inform the House what number of seamen would be requisite to man these gun boats in case they should be built—not merely to sail them along the coast, but to fight them; and what number of seamen would be required for other vessels? Where could be the use of building them, if it were not intended to man them? Was it not evident that in a few years they would rot, and the money expended upon them be lost? He said he might be wrong, and he hoped if they were built, he should be proved to be so.
Mr. SMILIE said it was true that he was neither a military nor a naval man, nor did he pretend to say that gun boats were the best means of defence. The proper departments however ought to be the best acquainted on this subject, and they were of opinion that this species of defence was necessary. Whether they were right or wrong he would not pretend to say; but he would observe that the Secretary of the Navy had informed them that the President had deemed it expedient to authorize the building of 60 additional gun boats. Now whether the President or the Secretary of the Navy was competent to a correct decision on this point he did not know. This was however clearly their opinion. He did know however that it was their duty to provide the necessary means; and if they granted but half the sum required by the President, it appeared to him it would be descending as low as was proper under existing circumstances.
Mr. ELMER said that under existing circumstances he was opposed to appropriating 150,000 dollars to building additional gun boats. The House had determined that they would not authorize the President to man those already built. It appeared to him very bad economy to suffer the public vessels to lay in dock, and to build other vessels, the utility of which was not ascertained. There might be situations in which gun boats would be useful, but had they not enough of them already? If it should be ascertained that 30 or 40 gun boats should be wanted for any particular purpose, Mr. E. said it might be prudent to authorize their erection. He said he had been in favor of giving authority to the President to man and equip the armed vessels and gun boats. The House had however refused this. If then they would not authorize the President, was ever the emergency, to
man the present vessels, why build additional vessels?
Mr. HOLLAND was opposed to filling the blank with so large a sum. He was also opposed to giving authority to man the armed vessels. The nation was in a state of profound peace, and he did not see that these vessels would have any thing to do. He was opposed to this appropriation on another ground. He believed whenever the necessity should occur, they would be able in one, two, or three months to build as many gun boats as would be wanted.
Mr. GREGG said from the discussions which had taken place and the votes of the House, there might be a propriety in postponing the business for the purpose of obtaining information. For his own part he was willing to acknowledge that he was altogether in the dark. He did not know in what situation gun boats would be useful, or the number of men required to man them; nor did he know whether land fortifications were necessary in connection with them to defend the port of New-York. Before he could act and understand on this subject, it was necessary for him to have this information. Some gentlemen say that gun boats will answer valuable purposes, while there are others of opinion that there are so few places on the coast of the U. S. where they will answer, that a small number of them will be sufficient. I believe, said Mr. G. under these circumstances, that it will be best to postpone the further consideration of the subject, and in the mean time call on the Secretary of the Navy to say at what points gun boats will answer, together with the number of them necessary, and on the Secretary at War to say whether he is in possession of any plan for the protection of New-York, together with its expense and the number of men required. It will be next to madness to erect fortifications without putting in them sufficient men to keep them in repair. Many fortifications commenced some years ago, for want of this provision, are now as useless as if they had never been begun. Mr. G. said he was particularly desirous to obtain information from the executive as to the practicability of defending the port of New-York. If it could be defended, he would not be backward on the subject.
Mr. FISK hoped the motion would prevail. Experience had proved gun boats to be useful. In their late war with Tripoli, they had been obliged to borrow a number of them; which had proved not only an instrument of defence, but likewise of offence. It was true also, that in other cases they would be useful. Indeed they appeared to be peculiarly adapted to the U. S. who had a large extent of sea coast and numbers of shoals, enabling them to act with effect—That they would rot in time was true—it was also equally true that other shipping would rot; and that the loss of fifty or sixty gun boats would not be equal to that of a single frigate. It was also true that gun boats did not require the same expense in manning and equipping as other vessels—they were also so situated as to be capable of being instantly manned, which was not the case in regard to other vessels. The Secretary of the Navy had stated the number of men necessary for each gun boat at twenty seven. Take 350 men as necessary for a frigate—of course 13 gun boats will not require more men than one frigate. Mr. F. said he thought gun boats in every point of view the preferable defence. The Secretary of the Navy had stated sixty gun boats to be requisite. For the purpose however of accommodation, it is proposed to lessen the number of gun boats to thirty and to apply the remaining sum to fortifications. He hoped this motion would prevail.
Mr. EARLY moved to postpone the further consideration of the second resolution to Monday week. In common with other members, he felt the necessity of information, before he agreed to carry further the system of gun boat defence. It appeared from the report of the Secretary of the Navy, that there were built, or on the stocks seventy gun boats. He for one was of the opinion that this was a number amply sufficient, to justify the requiring at least some information on the subject, either as to the ports capable of being defended by them, or of their general capability of yielding defence to the U. S. All the information before the House was embraced in a single paragraph, giving the opinion of the President that it was expedient to build sixty gun boats. The House have already determined the question of manning these gun boats; even if they should be built, they have determined not to make an appropriation for that purpose. Mr. Early said to build, without equipping or manning appeared to him to carry on the face of it a wanton extravagance. Are they to be suffered to lie merely unmaned, but unprotected? He presumed that no gentleman contemplated this; and yet the House had refused any appropriation for manning or equipping them.
On another account Mr. Early considered this measure improper. Where was the occasion or necessity for this expense at this time? He knew they had

On the receipt of an alarm signal... Mr. Mumford expressed similar sentiments... The motion to postpone was disagreed to—Ayes 49—Nays 58.
FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 18. Mr. Early, from the Committee of Commerce and Manufactures, presented a bill supplementary to the act, entitled "An act to prohibit the importation of certain goods, wares and merchandise..."
The House resolved itself into a committee of the whole—Mr. TENNEY in the chair—on the bill extending the time for locating the Virginia Military Land warrants, &c.
The House went into committee of the whole—Mr. VARNUM in the chair—on the bill for finishing the south wing of the Capitol, &c.
The provision was then read for altering and repairing the east side of the north wing of the Capitol. Mr. Lewis moved to appropriate for this purpose 60,000 dollars.
The committee then rose and reported the bill, which was ordered to be engrossed for a third reading to morrow. An engrossed bill for the relief of Stephen Sayre, was read the third time, and passed—Ayes 74.
Mr. Mumford after a number of preliminary remarks, enforcing the propriety of fortifying and defending at all times the ports and harbors of the U. S. offered three resolutions, substantially as follows:
1. Declaring the expediency of appropriating _____ dollars to authorize the President of the U. S. the more effectually to protect the port and harbor of New-York.
2. Making an appropriation for Charleston and Norfolk.
On committing the second resolution Messrs. B. R. Williams and Marion spoke against it. They both expressed a desire that the port of Charleston should partake only of the benefits of a general appropriation, and in a spirit of favoritism should not be selected from the other ports.
Mr. Mumford withdrew the second resolution. Mr. Nicholson expressed similar sentiments, with regard to the port of Norfolk, with those avowed by Messrs. D. R. Williams and Marion.
Messrs. D. R. Williams and Marion spoke likewise against the commitment of the third resolution, as the subject embraced by it, was already before a committee of the whole.
Mr. Mumford withdrew the third resolution. Mr. J. Randolph, in the name of the committee of Ways and Means, asked leave to report a bill in relation to the public debt, being an addition to the bill, passed at the present session, supplementary to the act, entitled an act making provision for the redemption of the whole of the public debt of the U. S.
Mr. R. observed that the object of the bill was to provide for the case of a refusal on the part of the holders of three per cent. stock to come into the loan proposed by the act recently passed. Its object was, to use a strong phrase, to coerce them into that loan; not, however, by any provisions that involved the least breach of the public faith.
Mr. R. then presented the bill, which was referred to a committee of the whole on Tuesday. When the House adjourned to Monday.
MESSAGE From the President of the U. States, communicating information of the effect of gun boats in the protection and defence of harbors; and of the proposed distribution of them, among the ports and harbors of the United States, in compliance with a resolution of the House of the 5th instant.
To the Senate and House of Representatives of the U. States. In compliance with the request of the House of Representatives, expressed in their resolution of the 5th inst. I proceed to give such information, as is possessed, of the effect of gun boats in the protection and defence of harbors, of the numbers thought necessary, and of the proposed distribution of them, among the ports and harbors of the U. States.
Under present circumstances, and governed by the intentions of the legislature, as manifested by their annual appropriations of money for the purposes of defence, it has been concluded to combine, 1st, land batteries, furnished with heavy cannon and mortars, and established on all the points around the place favorable for preventing vessels from lying before it; 2d, moveable artillery, which may be carried, as occasion may require, to points unprovided with fixed batteries; 3d, floating batteries; and 4th, gun boats, which may oppose an enemy at his entrance, and co-operate with the batteries for his expulsion.
On turning it in my mind the idea occurred to me that your proposition could not be better ascertained than by an examination of the system of defence heretofore adopted for our towns and harbors, & a comparative view of its merits, with those of the plan which you recommend.
You will also find under cover an extract from the reflections of the Marquis of Santa Cruz, an author of great respectability, who wrote early in the last century, from which you will perceive gallies, in other words gun-boats, have been long held in high estimation.
I have only to add, Sir, that these observations were committed to paper on the day of their date, and that I have not been able to have them copied sooner, so inadequate are my means to my duties.
With great consideration and respect, I have the honor to be, &c. &c. NOTE.—This letter was only the cover of general Wilkinson's opinion, and therefore shews only in general terms what that was. The opinion itself was on a former occasion communicated to a committee of the House of Representatives, and was read to the House for its information.
A letter from commodore S. Barron, to Thomas Jefferson, President of the United States, dated Washington, February 8, 1807. Sir, In consequence of a conversation which I had the honor to hold with you yesterday, on the subject of gun-boats, I venture to state my reasons for supposing them the proper kind of vessels to afford the most effectual means of defence and annoyance within the bays and rivers of the United States.
The small draft of water enables them to take such positions, as to attack, in a measure with impunity, vessels of any size, and are enabled to approach or retire as may best suit to discomfort their enemy and protect themselves.
My residence having been always near the Chesapeake, enables me to remark more particularly on the effect of gun-boats opposed to ships within the capes of Virginia.
The middle ground, the Horse Shoe, and Wiloughby's point, are proper positions for gun-boats to take to repel attempts to enter the bay and James river. York spit affords the same advantage in preventing an entry into that river, and near each river is a flat which affords a safe position to annoy, without fearing the near approach of large ships.
At times, when Europe, as well as the U. States shall be at peace, it would not be proposed that more than six or eight of these vessels should be kept afloat. When Europe is in war, treble that number might be necessary, to be distributed among those particular harbors which foreign vessels of war are in the habit of frequenting, for the purpose of preserving order therein.
It must be superfluous to observe, that this species of naval armament is proposed merely for defensive operations; that it can have but little effect towards protecting our commerce in the open seas, even on our own coast, and still less can it become an excitement to engage in offensive maritime war, towards which it would furnish no means.
TH: JEFFERSON. February 10, 1807. Extract of a letter from Gen. Horatio Gates, to Thomas Jefferson, esquire, dated October 19, 1804. DEAR SIR, I am charmed with your instituting gun-boats, for I believe them to be the properest defence for large harbors that has been hitherto imagined; these, co-operating with small batteries of heavy guns upon the projecting heights near the water, are much better, and infinitely less expensive than fixed and large fortifications.
The French, who are the best judges of artillery and engineering of any nation in Europe, adopt this plan of defending their harbors: the effects of it are too well known in England. I know not if you have seen a publication which appeared in Paris in May 1802, entitled Lettres d'un observateur sur la marine , it is well worth your perusal; much useful information may be derived from it for the defence of our harbors and our astonishingly increasing commerce; a paltry frigate dare not then insult us, as has been and now is done in the harbor of New York.
A letter from general James Wilkinson, to Thomas Jefferson, President of the United States, dated Washington, November 10, 1804. Sir, I regret that a variety of interruptions and engagements should have so long prevented my attention to the subject you did me the honor to mention to me.
On turning it in my mind the idea occurred to me that your proposition could not be better ascertained than by an examination of the system of defence heretofore adopted for our towns and harbors, & a comparative view of its merits, with those of the plan which you recommend.
You will also find under cover an extract from the reflections of the Marquis of Santa Cruz, an author of great respectability, who wrote early in the last century, from which you will perceive gallies, in other words gun-boats, have been long held in high estimation.
I have only to add, Sir, that these observations were committed to paper on the day of their date, and that I have not been able to have them copied sooner, so inadequate are my means to my duties.
With great consideration and respect, I have the honor to be, &c. &c. (Signed) SAMUEL BARRON
The efficacy of gun boats in the defence of coasts, ports and harbors, must be obvious to every person capable of reflection; when it is considered with what celerity they can generally change their position and mode of attack, extending it widely to as many different directions as their number consists of, or concentrating nearly to one line of direction.
It hardly need be observed that the very small object which a gun boat presents to the attacking enemy, causes it always problematical whether it may be hit by the most expert and experienced marksmen, while on the other hand the enemy attacking generally with large ships, mostly of the line of battle, and which from their magnitude may be struck by almost every shot.
The advantages of gun boats for the defence contemplated are numerous; they cannot easily be surrounded, be the force of the enemy what it may; consequently very few, if any, are likely to fall into the enemies hands.
Washington City. WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 18. SUPREME COURT of the UNITED STATES. On Monday Messrs. Bollman and Swartwout were brought before the Court by virtue of a writ of Habeas Corpus.
Mr. LEE made an argument of three hours and half, in order to prove the illegality of the commitment of the Circuit Court; to prove that there was not probable cause that the prisoners had been guilty of treason; that there was no proof of their having committed any offence; and that they consequently ought to be altogether liberated, or at least admitted to bail.
Mr. F. KEY followed on the same side, in a speech of about an hour, when the court adjourned about half past 4 o'clock.
On TUESDAY the court met at 10 A.M. The Attorney General, Mr. RODNEY spoke against the motion about two hours. He was followed by Mr. Jones, the attorney of the district, who delivered an argument of about the same length.
Mr. Harper then spoke in support of the motion about one hour and a half. When the court adjourned about 4 o'clock. The argument will be closed this day by Mr. Martin.
Having been for the two past days exclusively occupied by the proceedings in the supreme court, we cannot at present give any statement of the proceedings of the legislature.
General JOHN SMITH is re-elected Senator of the United States, for the state of New-York for the term of six years from the 3d of next March.
Argument of Mr. HARPER in the case of Messrs. Bollman and Swartwout. On the 10th instant, Mr. Charles Lee moved the Supreme Court of the United States for a writ of Habeas Corpus, to bring Messrs. Bollman and Swartwout up, and to enquire into the legality of their commitment on a charge of high treason, by the Circuit Court of the District of Columbia.
He also moved for a certiorari, to the circuit court of the district of Columbia, to send up the record of their proceedings on this subject.
After Mr. Lee's argument, the case stood over till the next day, when Mr. HARPER, as counsel for Dr. Bollman, was heard by the court in support of the motion. The substance of his argument was as follows:

read to the case of commitments by the circuit court.
As to the power in general, of issuing the great remedial writ of Habeas Corpus, I contend that it is possessed by this court, as a power incident to its existence and nature as a supreme court of record. This power, I contend, is conferred by the common law. That every court, however created, possesses necessarily certain incidental powers as a court, cannot be denied or doubted. We can no more form an idea of a court without incidental powers, than of a stone without weight, or a surface without extension. The practice of every day proves the correctness of this theory. Does this court possess no power but those expressly given to it by statute or the constitution? Can it not protect itself from insult or outrage? Can it not enforce obedience to its immediate orders? Can it not imprison for contempt committed in its presence? In cases where it has original jurisdiction, can it not imprison a witness for refusing to attend, when summoned, or for refusing to answer when examined, or for refusing to attend, or for contumacy or other improper conduct after they have attended? No doubt it can be entertained of its possessing these powers. Whence does it derive them? From the constitution? No: the constitution is silent on the subject. From the acts of Congress? No: the acts of Congress are equally silent. Whence then, I answer, from the common law.
I do not wish, may it please your honors, to agitate here a question which has been much discussed in this country, and very little understood, respecting a common law jurisdiction in the courts of the United States, to punish offences against the government of the United States. The question is unnecessary. It has no connection with the present case. The power to punish offences against the government has never been considered, and cannot be considered, as an incidental power, in any court. But I contend that the power of issuing writs of Habeas Corpus, for the purpose of relieving from illegal imprisonment, is one of those inherent powers, bestowed by the law on every superior court of record, as incidental to its nature, for the protection of the citizen.
It being clear then that incidental powers belong to this in common with every other court, where, I ask, are we to look for the definition, the enumeration and the extent of those powers? I answer in the common law: in that code from whence we derive all our legal definitions, terms and ideas, which forms the substratum of all our juridical systems, of all our legislative and constitutional provisions. I ask, may it please your honors, whether it be possible to move a single step in any judicial or legislative proceeding, to expand, to understand, or to execute any part of our statutes or of our constitution, without having recourse to the common law? The constitution uses, for instance, the terms "trial by jury," and "Habeas Corpus." How do we ascertain what is meant by these terms? By reference, I answer, to the common law. This court has power, in some cases, to summon jurors, and examine witnesses. If an objection be made to the competency of a witness, or a juror be challenged, how do you proceed in order to ascertain the competency of the witness or the juror? You look into the common law. The common law, in short, forms an essential part of all our ideas; it has grown into the very constitution of our minds; and we can no more think on legal subjects without referring to it, than we can see without eyes, or live without breathing.
What then does the common law, this great interpreter of our constitution, this guide of our legal thoughts, this mighty and beneficent protector of our rights and liberties; what does she say respecting the power of issuing the great remedial and constitutional writ of Habeas Corpus? She informs us, with an authoritative voice, that this guardian power belongs incidentally to every superior court of record—that it is part of their inherent rights and duties, thus to watch over and protect the liberty of the individual.
Accordingly we find that the court of common pleas, in England, though possessing no criminal jurisdiction of any kind, original or appellate, has power to issue this writ of Habeas Corpus. This power it possessed by the common law as an incident to its existence, before it was expressly given by the Habeas Corpus act.
This appears from Bushell's case, reported in Sir Thomas Jones, 18, and stated in Wood's case, 3 Wilson 175, by the chief justice, in delivering the opinion of the court.
Bushell's case was shortly this. A person was indicted at the Old Bailey in London, for holding an unlawful conventicle. The jury acquitted him, contrary to the direction of the court on the law. For this some of the jurors and Bushell among them, were fined and imprisoned by the court at the Old Bailey. Bushell then moved the court of common pleas for a writ of Habeas Corpus, which after solemn argument and consideration was granted by three judges against one. Bushell was brought up, and the cause of his imprisonment appearing insufficient he was discharged.
This took place before the Habeas Corpus act was passed, and is a conclusive authority in favor of the doctrine for which we contend. Wood's case, 3 Wilson 175, and 3 Bac. Abr. 3, are clear to the same point.
Whence does the court of Common Pleas derive this power? Not from its criminal jurisdiction; for it has none. Not from any statute; for when Bush-
ell's case was decided there was no statute on the subject. Not from any idea that such a power is necessary for the exercise of its ordinary functions; for no such necessity exists or has ever been supposed to exist. But from the great protective principle of the common law, which in favor of liberty gives this power to every superior court of record, as incidental to its existence.
The court of chancery in England possesses the same power, by the common law, as appears from 3 Bac. Abr. 3. This is a still stronger illustration of the principle; for the court of chancery is a further removed, if possible, from the heart of common pleas, from all criminal jurisdiction, still more exempt from the necessity of such a power, for the exercise of its peculiar functions.
The court of exchequer also appears from the same authorities, though wholly destitute of criminal jurisdiction, possesses the power of relieving, by Habeas Corpus, from illegal restraint. Hence it appears that all the superior courts of record in England are invested by the common law with the beneficial power, as incident to their existence. The reason assigned for it in the English law books is, that the king has always a right to know, and by means of these courts to enquire, what has become of his subjects. That is, that he is bound to protect the personal liberty of his people, and that these courts are the instruments with which the law has furnished him for discharging this high duty with effect.
And let me ask, may it please your honors, whether the same reasons do not apply to our situation, and to this court? Have the United States, in their collective capacity as sovereign, less right to know what has become of their citizens, than the king, or government of England to enquire into the situation of his subjects? Are they under an obligation less strong, to protect individual liberty? Have not the people of this country as good a right as those of England, to the aid of a high and responsible court for the protection of their persons? Is our situation less advantageous in this respect, than that of the English people? Or have we no need of a tribunal, for such purposes, raised by its rank in the government, by its independence, by the character of those who compose it, above the dread of power, above the seductions of hope and the influence of fear, above the sphere of party passions, factious views, and popular delusion? Of a tribunal whose members, having attained almost all that the constitution of their country permits them to aspire to, are exempted, as far as the imperfection of our nature allows us to be exempted, from all those sinister influences that blind and swerve the judgments of men, have nothing to hope, and nothing to fear, except from their own consciences, the opinion of the public, and the awful judgment of posterity? It is in the hands of such a tribunal, and of such a tribunal alone, that in times of faction or oppression, the liberty of the citizen can be safe. Such a tribunal has our constitution created in this court, and can it be imagined that this wise and beneficent constitution, intended to deny to the citizens the invaluable privilege of resorting to this court, for the protection of their dearest rights.
On this ground then I might safely rest the power of this court, to grant the writ of Habeas Corpus; but fortunately we have another, not stronger indeed, but perhaps less liable to question. For I contend, in the second place, that Congress has expressly conferred this power on the supreme court.
In the act of September 24th, 1789, commonly called the judiciary act, section 14, Congress, after organizing various courts in the United States, and among them the supreme court, goes on to enact "that all the before mentioned courts of the United States, shall have power to issue writs of scire facias, Habeas Corpus, and all other writs not specially provided for by statute, which may be necessary for the exercise of their respective jurisdictions, and agreeable to the principles and usages of law."
This section, according to its true grammatical construction, and its apparent intent, contains two distinct provisions. The first relates to writs of Habeas Corpus and Scire Facias; the second to such other writs as the courts might find necessary for the exercise of their jurisdiction.
As to writs of Scire Facias and Habeas Corpus, which are of the most frequent and the most beneficial use, Congress seems to have thought it proper to make a specific and positive provision. It was clearly and obviously necessary that such writs should be issued, not merely for aiding the courts in the exercise of their ordinary jurisdiction, but for the general purposes of justice and protection. The authority therefore to issue these writs is positive and absolute; and not dependent on the consideration whether they might be necessary for the ordinary jurisdiction of the courts. To render them dependent on that consideration, would have been to deprive the courts of many of the most beneficial and important powers which such courts usually possess.
But the legislature fore saw that many other writs might in the course of proceedings be found necessary, for enabling the courts to exercise their ordinary jurisdiction; such as subpoenas, writs of venire facias, writs of certiorari, fieri facias, and many others known to our law. To attempt a specific
enumeration of these writs, might have been productive of inconvenience; for it any had been omitted, there would have been doubts of the power to issue them. Congress, therefore, instead of a specific enumeration, wisely chose to employ a general description. This description is contained in the words "all other writs—which may be necessary for the exercise of their respective jurisdictions, and agreeable to the principles and usages of law."
The true grammatical construction of the sentence accords with this construction. The words of restriction or description, "which may be necessary for the exercise of their respective jurisdictions," &c. stand here as a relative, and must refer to the next antecedent. There are two antecedents. 1. writs of scire facias and Habeas Corpus—and 2. all other writs: and "all other writs" make the next antecedent, to which, of course, the relative terms "which may be necessary, &c." must relate and be confined. Those words, therefore, cannot, either in grammatical construction or according to the plain object of the legislature, be considered as restricting the grant of power in the first part of the sentence; but merely as explaining the extent of the power given in the second part.
Taking it then as clear that this section befalls on the supreme court the power to grant writs of Habeas Corpus without restriction, it is next to be enquired whether this power extends to the application now before the court. And here it is to be remembered that the term 'Habeas Corpus' is a generic term, which embraces all sorts of writs of Habeas Corpus, as completely as could be done by the most particular enumeration; in the same manner as the term 'tree' or the term 'animal,' embraces all sorts of trees or animals, how much soever they may differ among themselves. There are various writs of Habeas Corpus, which differ entirely from each other, in their nature and their objects; but they are all writs of Habeas Corpus, and the power extends to all or any of them. The great remedial and constitutional writ of Habeas Corpus, to relieve from illegal imprisonment, is surely as much a writ of Habeas Corpus, as completely embraced by the generic term used in the statute, as a writ of Habeas Corpus Cum Certa to remove a suit from an inferior court; or as any other of those writs of Habeas Corpus which this section, according to every construction, gives power to issue.
It is, moreover, a rule in the construction of statutes, as of every other written instrument, that the whole instrument is to be taken together, and all its parts considered as explanatory of each other. This rule extends even to different statutes, made at remote periods, where they relate to the same subject matter; because the legislature, in making the subsequent statutes, is correctly supposed to have in view the provisions and expressions, and to refer to them. But its application to different parts of the same statute, which treat of the same subject, is much more clear and strong.
The 33d section of this statute contains provisions on the same subject with the 14th section, which I rely on as strongly supporting my construction. That section, after providing for arrests and commitments, goes on to enact, that "upon all arrests in criminal cases, bail shall be admitted, except where the punishment may be death; in which cases it shall not be admitted, but by the supreme or a circuit court, or by a justice of the supreme court, or a judge of the district court, who shall exercise their discretion therein, regarding the nature and circumstances of the offence, and of the evidence, and the usages of law."
It may well be contended that by this section the power to bail, and of course to issue writs of Habeas Corpus, is expressly given to the supreme court. The words, "who shall use their discretion therein," are certainly strong enough to convey a grant of power. But admitting this to be doubtful, the provision amounts to a clear and positive declaration, that the legislature considered the supreme court as having this power, under the former provisions of the act. It speaks of the supreme court as possessing the power, confines it, in certain cases, to that court and some other enumerated authorities; and directs on what principles it shall be exercised. Surely if there be a doubt concerning the meaning of the legislature, in the 4th section, this express declaration in the 33d section of what it meant, must remove the doubt.
There is a subsequent clause in the 14th section itself, which has a very strong bearing upon this construction. That section, after giving power to the courts, to issue writs of Habeas Corpus, and others, in the words already quoted, goes on to add these words, "And that either of the justices of the supreme court, as well as the judges of the district courts, shall have power to grant writs of Habeas Corpus, for the purpose of enquiring into the cause of commitment." This is as plain and positive a description of the writ for which we now apply, the writ of Habeas Corpus ad subjiciendum as if it had been named in technical terms. The power to issue this writ is expressly given, in the same section, and in the next sentence, to the individual judges of this court. Can it be imagined that the legislature intended
to give to each judge singly a power which it had denied to the court, in its collective capacity? That it confided more in the individual members of the court, than in the court itself? That it considered the weight, dignity, character and independence of each individual member, as a more firm barrier against oppression, than those of the tribunal itself, sitting for the exercise of the highest functions known to our law? Surely so great an inconsistency ought not to be great attributed to the legislature! Surely a doubt about construction, even if much more strong, should not be allowed to produce such effects!
Let it be also remembered, may it please your honors, that the statute now under consideration, is, in this part of it, a remedial, a beneficial statute; and that by one of the best established maxims of our laws, such statutes are to be construed liberally, in favour of liberty. When this consideration is added to those, which arise out of the case, I hope and trust that no doubt can remain, concerning the correctness of this construction for which we contend. (Mr. Harper's remarks to be concluded in our next.)
"Letters from Berlin, 28th Nov. received here (Paris Dec. 7) this instant, announce a first engagement, in Prussian Poland, between the French and Russians, in which the latter have been most horribly beaten, and completely routed, and have lost a world of men in killed and wounded. The French are received with enthusiasm by the Poles; and by the 1st of Dec. there will be 100,000 men of that nation incorporated into our armies. Letters from the frontiers of Poland say, that already the Russian columns are retreating by long marches, in consequence of the good reception which the French have given them. These details come from a good source."
From Rio Janeiro. The ship Criterson, capt. Chase, has arrived at Nantucket, from Rio Janeiro, which place he left the 27th Nov. Capt. C. informs, that admiral Steerling, touched at that place about the middle of November on his way to the river Plate; in coming out of Rio, capt. C. spoke an English vessel in 8 days from the fleet off Montevideo, who informed him that the English had possession of a small place called Montevideo. It was said sir Hope Popham was to be sent home under arrest for disobedience of orders.
HAGUE, Dec. 17. WE, Louis Napoleon by the Grace of God and the Constitution of the Kingdom of Holland, have decreed and do decree as follows:
ART. I. No vessel shall depart until further orders from the ports of the kingdom without special authority from us, which shall be granted only after a warrantee and security have been given that the cargo shall not be discharged at any enemy's ports. The authorization for sailing shall be signed with our hand.
ART. II. All vessels entering any of the ports of the kingdom, shall be immediately arrested, without the possibility of being released unless by special authority from us, and signed with our hand.
ART. III. Every fishing boat shall be examined before leaving and after returning into port by the police and custom house officers.
ART. IV. No fishing boat shall be permitted to sail out unless the master has previously made oath that he will have no voluntary communication with any ships or vessels whatever, or if forced thereto, to declare it without fail.
ART. V. The postmasters and other officers in their employ are responsible for all letters coming from or going to England. They will remit them instantly to the minister of justice and police.
ART. VI. Our ministers are charged with the execution of the present decree, &c.
LAST OF MIRANDA I
Accounts from Trinidad, as late as the 26th of December, state, that Miranda's ship the Leander, had been labelled, for the wages of the crew, and was to be sold on the 14th January.
By virtue of an order of the Orphan's court of Prince George's county the subscriber will expose to public sale at the residence of the subscriber all the personal estate of Wilkinson Brashears, late of Prince George's county, deceased, consisting of one Horse, Cattle, Sheep, and Hogs, some Bacon, Pork, and a plantation utensils. The terms of sale are six months credit for all sums above ten dollars and under for cash, the purchaser giving bond and security with interest from the day of sale. The sale to commence on Monday the 9th day of March next at 11 o'clock.
JOHN BRASHEARS, Administrator. February 18—6t
This is to give notice. That the subscriber of Prince George's county and state of Maryland, hath obtained from the Orphan's court of said county, letters of administration on the personal estate of Richard Crampin late of said county deceased. All persons having claims against the said deceased are hereby warned to exhibit the same, with the vouchers thereof to the subscriber on or before the 20th day of September next, they may otherwise by law be excluded from all benefit of the said estate. And all persons indebted to the said deceased are requested to make immediate payment to the subscriber. Given under my hand this 14th day of February, 1807. THOMAS BOWIE, Admr. of Richard Crampin. Feb. 18—w6t
Robert Welford, is now opening, in Bridge Street, a few doors below 14th Street, A Choice and Fashionable Assortment of LONDON, BIRMINGHAM, AND SHEFFIELD HARDWARE, CUTLERY, JAPANNED GOODS, &c. &c. Which he will sell at very reduced prices, Wholesale or Retail, for cash, viz. Duck guns, half stocked, brass mounted chequer breech, roller locks, 4 feet 6 inches barrel, and 3 to 7 8 bores. Do. do. as above, 5 feet 3 bores. Do. do. elegantly finished barrels and stocks with skeleton roller locks, and handsomely engraved barrels from 4 feet, 6 bores to 5 feet, 3 to 4 7 8 bores, princess metal mounting. Bird guns, tub. twill barrels, skeleton roller, locks, and others highly finished with steel, centaur, and other mounting. Do. do. common and low priced. Elegant Japanned Tea Trays and Waiters, with gold borders and centres. Common do. do. Elegant Japanned Fenders, scarlet and black, with rich borders. Brasado. Elegant Scarlet and Cream Coloured Plate Warmers, with rich borders and centres. and black japanned Bellows, Morocco leather. Highly finished Pistols, in cases complete. Common Pistols. Pocket Pistols, good. Elegant Plated Mantle Lamps, with one and two branches. Plated and Silver Castors, with rich cut glass. Common do. Highly finished Cafe Hardened Shovels and Tong, with rosettes. Common do. Highly finished Ivory Handled Knives and Forks, Bone do. do. Pen and Sportsman's Knives Wedgewood Pitchers, with plated and gilt Rims. Elegant gilt mounted Small Swords, Hangers and Dirks. Steel do. do. do. Gunpowder, common and good. Saxon Wood and Mahogany Knife cases, &c. It is R. W.'s intention to remain here but a few weeks. George Town, Feb. 18 1807—3t The sale of BARWISE's property owing to the badness of the weather has been postponed to this day at 11 o'clock, at which time it will recommence if fair, if not at the same hour next fair day. February 18. Extract from the "Act for licensing and regulating auctions in the city of Washington." "Provided always, That the license of auctioneer shall, after the expiration of the first year, be annually let by the Mayor, by public advertisement, to the highest bidder, on approved security according to the provisions of this act; and the person or persons thereupon licenced, shall in manner aforesaid, pay to the treasurer for the use of the city such further additional rate per cent, on the amount of all sales made by him or them, as he or they shall have publicly bidden or offered to pay for the said licence of an auctioneer."
I shall attend at Myer's Hotels on Pennsylvania Avenue, on Monday the 23d inst. to let to the highest bidder, according to the provisions of the aforesaid act, the places of two auctioneers for the ensuing year, at the hour of eleven o'clock in the forenoon. ROBERT BRENT, Mayor, February 18—3t.
PUBLIC SALE.
By order of the Orphan's court of Prince George's county, will be exposed at Public Sale, to the highest bidder, at the farm lately occupied by Mr. Richard Crampin, and at his late dwelling in the town of Bladensburg, on Tuesday the 30th day of March next, if fair, if not the next fair day.
All the Personal estate of the said deceased (except the crop of Tobacco) consisting of a number of valuable servants, among whom are some excellent house and kitchen servants, the stock of horses, two of which are very pleasant saddle horses, mules, cattle, sheep and hogs, plantation utensils of every kind, about 160 barrels of corn, 250 bushels of clean rye, upwards of 20,000 weight of hay, a large crop of well saved straw, &c. &c. Likewise the unexpired term in a lease for 120 acres of land, granted on the 21st day of May 1774 for ninety nine years, being 52 years after the 31st day of May next. This property lies about one mile west of Bladensburg, directly on the old road to Georgetown and contiguous to the fine property of Wm. D. Digges. The improvements are sufficient for the accommodation of a family of middling size and for the advantageous cultivation thereof; there are twenty six bushels of wheat sowed upon it and about 8 or 10 acres in thrifty clover, and a sufficiency of wood it is believed for its support. A further description is deemed unnecessary, as it is presumed that those who wish to buy will view the property previous to the sale. An inventory of the title will be given. And at the dwelling in Bladensburg, a variety of articles of Household & Kitchen Furniture, several volumes of valuable books, prints, maps and other articles too tedious to mention. The sale will commence on the farm, at 10 o'clock in the morning and continue from day to day, till all is sold. Terms of sale are a credit of twelve months for all sums above ten pounds, the purchaser or purchasers to give bond, with two good and sufficient securities, carrying interest from the day of sale, and for all purchases to the amount of ten pounds and under the cash is to be paid. No property will be delivered until previously paid, or bended for as above. THOMAS BOWIE, Administrator of Richard Crampin. February 12—9t

CHARLES A. BURNETT, HAS received from London and Liverpool a handsome assortment of articles in his line, consisting of WATCHES & JEWELRY, Silver, Tortoise-shell, and Steel Spectacles, Table Knives and Forks with Ivory Handles, Pen Knives and Razors, Ladies and Gentlemen's Pocket BOOKS.
He also continues to manufacture gold and silver ware, at the most reduced prices. Price Town Dec. 22-3t.
50 DOLLARS REWARD.
RANAWAY from the subscriber living in Prince George's county on Sunday the 29th inst. the three following slaves—a mulatto young man who calls himself BILL STEWART , he was born at Montgomery court house, was once the property of Honore Martin, who purchased of him by the late Rich. Contee who sold him to me; he is a likely we made fellow about 21 years of age, 5 feet 10 inches high, 145 lbs. and feet are large; the evening before he absconded he had his hair cut close; he had with him a variety of clothing, viz. blue coat and overalls, one light colored buttoned coat and overalls, a twandown waistcoat, 3 fine Irish linen shirts and some coarse shirts, three muslin neckcloths, a fine hat price 7 dollars; he took away a prayer book in the left page of which is written Mary Ducket.
FOR who tells himself Joe Grimes, alias Grimes, and HARRY, both young negro men about 21 years of age—the clothing of these cannot be described. Joe has one of his arms broken near the wrist, which makes it longer than the other; when he is spoken to he speaks fast as if his tongue was too large for his mouth. HARRY, I am informed, has several large scars on his body and one of his thighs occasioned by burns when he was young.
The above reward will be paid for confining the three in jail, or 50 dollars for confining Bill in jail for that I get him again. ALTER BOWIN. July 7-22-3t.
LANDS FOR SALE.
THE subscriber offers for sale the following tracts of Land, lying in the county of Fairfax, Virginia, viz. One Tract on the south side of Great Hunting Creek, on Potomac river, about a mile from Alexandria and contiguous to the southern abutment of the bridge about to be built over the said creek. There are on this tract about 900 acres, 400 of which are rich low grounds, 450 in woods, most of which is heavily timbered, and the rest rich up land—this tract may truly be said to be the most valuable of its size or any on the river. Also, One other Tract, about 6 miles from Alexandria (on which the subscriber resides) lying on the new TURNPIKE road leading to the westward, and containing 857 acres, well improved with houses, barn, stables, mill, &c. orchards and meadows—the improvements on this land cost 2000. Also One other Tract about 5 miles above the latter, containing 337 acres, with about 70 or 80 acres of bottom land, lying on Accotink run, convenient farm houses, good orchards, &c. Also a moiety of the farm on which Basil Williams at present resides, about three miles from the last mentioned. Also a Tract about 43 miles from Winchester in the edge of Shenandoah county, containing 280 acres. Also about 600 acres of land in the state of Kentucky, a considerable part of which, lying on the Ohio river, is very desirable and valuable. Purchasers of any of the above property may be accommodated with horses, cattle, sheep and hogs, farming utensils, provender, &c. The terms, which will be easy, may be known by applying to the subscriber near Alexandria. AUG. J. SMITH. February 6-2-3t.
Good Lands in West Tennessee, and Negroes will be received in payment for a considerable part of the above property.
LAND FOR SALE, By the Subscribers.
IN Northumberland county—800 acres allied Raster Lodge, residence of the late Col. John Gordon; good farming land, adapted to the growth of corn, wheat and tobacco. On this tract which lays on Yeocomico, a branch of Potomac river, there is a large brick dwelling house, within 200 yards of navigable water, abounding with oysters, equal to any in Virginia; fish and wild fowl in abundance, and remarkably healthy situation.
In Fauquier county—about 200 acres wood land, adjoining Mrs. James and Mr. Rulace, near Elk Run Church.
In Caroline county—2700 acres, being part of what is called Beverly Chace.
In Spotsylvania county—100 acres wood land, adjoining Col. Joseph Brock, Messrs. J. Brock and B. Schooner. Also, the middle tenement in the brick buildings in the town of Fredericksburg.
In Culpeper county—960 acres, joins London Carter, esq. farm on Rappahannock river, at Norman's Ford—845 acres, adjoining Wm. C. Carter, esq. and Col. M. Green. Two thirds of this tract is in woods, and the whole of equal quality to any high land in the county. Also about 100 acres in the Little Fork, laid out and rooted in small farms.
In Albemarle county—that elegant and well known place called Blenheim; containing, by a late survey, 2900 acres, which will be sold altogether, or divided in Lots to suit purchasers.
The whole, or any part of the above property will be sold on very low terms, payable one third in cash or country produce, on giving deeds; and for the balance long credits will be given, payment being secured on the property.
COLIN & JAMES ROSS, W Frederickburg Virg. Dec. 12-3t.
THE SUBSCRIBER HAS just supplied his shop in F street with a complete assortment of Irish Medicines & Drugs, among which are Spermaceti & Linseed oils—also Paints of every description. THOMAS PATTERSON, Washington city, June 23-3t.
FOR SALE,
A healthy negro woman under 30 years of age, with two healthy children. For particulars apply to the printer. 1st Nov. 1806-epf
EZRA VAREEN, TAYLOR,
Three, three doors west of the Bank, having lately received a General Assortment of GOODS suitable for the season and of the best quality—Will make up the same for those gentlemen who will favor him with their orders in the latest and most fashionable style and very superior workmanship. December 1-3m
CHEAP GOODS.
T. W. PAIRO, Seven Buildings, has removed from Philadelphia and Baltimore, a Large Assortment of DRY GOODS, which he will sell at a low price.
Also London PIANO FORTES, Liquors and Groceries of a superior quality. November 7-1Mar.3
PORTRAIT PAINTING
C. BOYLE respectfully informs the public that he paints Likenesses in Oil Colors, in the building formerly occupied by Mr. G. Stewart, on the Pennsylvania Avenue, near Duane's book-store. N. B. A few specimens to be seen. January 5-3t
WANTED
to purchase a likely NEGRO BOY, to wait on a single Gentleman. Enquire of MR. DUNN at the Capitol. January 28-3t
ELIAS B. CALDWELL, ATTORNEY AT LAW,
HAS removed his Office, to the house lately occupied by Mr. Law, on Capitol Hill. Washington, July 26-3t
On a liberal credit.
THE subscriber will dispose of at private sale, his estate called Chichester, lying on the eastern branch, immediately opposite the city of Washington. This tract of land containing 697 acres is laid off in lots from 3 to 144 acres for the convenience of purchasers. Parts of the estate and the terms of sale are in the hands of colonel Hanson at the navy yard, and Charles Wayman of George Town. The lots will be shown by Mr. Wedden, living on the premises, near the Eastern Branch bridge. ANTHONY ADDISON. Barnaby, 10th June 1805-3t.
By order of the Orphan's Court
Of Washington county. THIS is to give notice that the subscribers of the city of Washington, have obtained from the Orphan's court of Washington county in the district of Columbia, letters testamentary on the personal estate of JOHN WIGHT late of said county deceased. All persons having claims against the said deceased are hereby warned to exhibit the same with the vouchers thereof to the subscribers, at or before the first day of July next, they may otherwise by law be excluded from all benefit of the said estate. Given under our hands this 28th day of January 1807. WASHINGTON BOYD, and GEORGE MOORE, Executors of John Wight, deceased. January 28-12-3t
FOR SALE BY AUCTION.
THE real estate of Dr. Robert Pottinger, deceased, lying in Prince George county and State of Maryland, about 5 miles from Queen Anne, and 20 from Georgetown, containing between 800 and 1000 acres of Land. This valuable property is situated in the heart of that rich and well known tract of country, called the Forrest of Prince Georges, and is indisputably among the most fertile and best improved places in the State. The sale will be made on the premises, on Wednesday the 18th day of February next, if fair, if not the first fair day thereafter at 11 o'clock, in conformity to a decree of the High Court of Chancery (the estate not admitting of a division among the representatives of the deceased) and the certainty which the subscriber feels that those who are inclined to become purchasers will view the premises before the day of sale, renders any further description unnecessary. The purchase money must be paid in four equal annual instalments, the purchaser giving bond with approved security for the payment of each instalment, with interest thereon annually from the day of sale. On payment of the purchase money, with the interest thereon, a conveyance will be made to the purchaser, by the subscriber, in virtue of and pursuant to the said decree. TH. BUCHANAN, Trustee. January 23-12-3t
New English Piano Fortes, Of Superior quality.
THE Subscriber has imported from London, via New-York, four English Piano Fortes, with additional keys, a foot, maker. Two patent four keyed flutes—Six common flutes with one key, and Piano Red-wax, No. 9, 10, and 11, which he offers for sale on very moderate terms, for cash only, or negotiable notes, with approved indorser. The above instruments have been examined by the subscriber, who, (flattering himself to be a judge,) will when sold, warrant them to be of superior quality, and will out any detect. P. MAURO. ** For terms and other particulars, apply at my house, opposite the seven buildings. Feb. 6-3t.
Fifty Dollars Reward.
FOR apprehending RICHARD GOTIER , who broke jail last night. He was committed on his confession of passing counterfeit checks; he is about 5 feet 7 inches high, fair complexion, light hair, grey eyes, very much pitted with the small-pox, and pretty much round shouldered. He was a tailor in the United States service, had a blue jacket and trousers, a long blue coat, several white linen shirts, a pair of flues and a very good black hat. The above reward will be given for apprehending and securing the said Gotier in any jail and giving me information thereof. DANL. C. BRENT, Marshal of the district of Columbia. December 8-22-3t
AMERICAN COFFEE-HOUSE, WASHINGTON CITY.
THE Subscribers have opened for the entertainment of travellers, members of Congress, families, &c. resorting to the seat of government, the houses occupied for several years by Mr. F. D. STERLE, immediately east of the Capitol, to which they respectfully invite the public. The premises are well known as large and convenient, are provided with new beds and furniture, and the best wines and liquors, stables for 50 horses, with carriage houses, &c. FRONT and QUINN. Nov. 4-11.
LOST or MISLAID,
THREE Navy Six per Cent certificates of the following description. No 21 for 1000 dollars. 96 for 400 do. 100 for 100 do. 1500 Dollars in all, dated 4th August 1800 in favor of Wm. Patterson, and this public notice is given, that new certificates may issue to replace those that have been lost. WILLIAM PATTERSON. Washington February 11-6w
A MINIATURE PAINTER,
Is lately arrived in Georgetown, and will stay there some weeks, if he receives any encouragement. He charges Twenty-Five dollars for a Likeness, and delivers none other but correct and approved ones. Apply in Bridge Street at the house two doors below the large office. Specimens of his works may be seen at MR. G. W. RIGG'S store of jewellery. Georgetown, February 13-3t
20 DOLLARS REWARD.
RANAWAY from the subscriber in August last, Negro CHARLES —he is a straight well made black man, about 26 years of age, 5 feet 9 or 10 inches high; has lost some of his fore teeth; is remarkably polite and much of a gentleman. The above reward will be paid to any person who will bring him home or lodge him any jail so that I get him again. WM. B. BRANES. Upper Marlinton, Jan. 9-12-3t
A House and Lot for sale.
WILL be offered at Public Sale on Monday the 16th of February next, on the premises on a credit of ninety days, a two story Brick House with two rooms and a passage on each floor, a cellar and dry well therein. This house is situated on Lot No. 10 in square 728 on East Capitol Street, fronting the Capitol. Negotiable paper with approved endorser will be required of the purchaser, and when paid a good title will be made by SAML. TYLER, Executor of Samuel Tyler, deceased. February 2-7t
JUST RECEIVED.
WOOD'S best London superfine cloths and cassimere, Bennes's patent cord, } best Spanish. Do. do. cloth, } Rich mouselin waistcoating, Fancy do. Irish linen and Russia sheeting, Men's best London hats, Silk, worsted, lambs wool, cotton, and gauze flockings, Fancy printed muslins and shawls, Carpets and carpeting, Rich Brussels do. Fine white and scarlet flannels, Plaid, coatings and second cloths, Which with my large assortment of woollens and fancy goods, were bought on such terms as to justify my selling them lower than any regular importer can afford to sell at. JOHN COX. George Town, December 2-6w
CHARLES H. VARDEN, Merchant Taylor
New Jersey Avenue, near the Capitol. RESPECTFULLY informs the gentlemen of the district of Columbia, he has imported by ship ELIZA ANN lately arrived at Philadelphia, a choice assortment
A choice assortment
of Extra Superior cloths, Bennes, Velvets, and Cordes, Cassimere, single and double milled Satin cloths, fashionable Spanish Orleans and Toilets, rich silk Mouselin velvets, silk and satin Florentines, with a variety of other articles suitable for the season. N. B. Ladies habits, regimentals and navy uniforms made in the first style of fashion. Richard Marwells celebrated patent parallel suspenders, can be had on the same terms as at his manufactory. November 12-3t
SHOE STORE.
Received last Friday night an additional supply of Shoes, amongst which are,
MURRAY'S superior fancy,
embroidered and plain kid, with best Morocco flippers, high and low heels. English kid with and without heels. Mouselin handsome round toed, pink, purple and blue flippers, with first quality Morocco, do. various colors. A large number of Ladies Morocco with and without heels, and women and misses cassimere flippers just from the last. Cork-soal flippers and to lace, high and low heels. Gentlemen's Philadelphia pumps, shoes and Morocco flippers. Youth's fashionable lined and bound shoes. Children's red Morocco and leather to lace. Men's lined and bound and coarse, with boys and childrens unbound shoes; besides these, have on hand, and engaged a great variety of others expected in about three weeks. ALSO, a large parcel of TRUNKS. The above are for sale opposite Mr. Corcoran's, Bridge Street, George Town, where persons may be accommodated with qualities to suit their own prices. J. WILSON. February 4-3t
FRESH GARDEN SEEDS, &c
THEOPHILUS HOLT respectfully informs his friends and the public that he has an extensive assortment of Fresh Garden and Flower seeds, Grass seeds, Garden tools &c. for sale at his Nursery Garden Eastern Branch. Washington city, Jan. 2-12-3t
St. Mary's county. 27th Jan.
RANAWAY from the subscriber, living near to Charlotte Hall in said county, a Negro Woman named MOLL , about 30 years of age, 4 feet 9 or 10 inches high, of a very black complexion, and has on one of her wrists a large scar, by which she may be easily known. MOLL is a lively, sprightly woman, and has been accustomed to house work, spin and wash well, and is a good out door hand. She went away about the 25th April 1805, and was seen in July 1805, in the city of Washington, v. she is supposed she is still in the city, or in Alexandria, where Moll has a mother, by the name of Rose, lately liberated by a Mr. Thomas Marshall of Virginia, and its probable that Moll will attempt to impose herself on the public, as a free woman by the name of Moll Crook—a reward of 20 DOLLARS will be paid by the subscriber, for MOLL, if brought home, or 16 DOLLARS will be paid to any person presenting MOLL and securing her in any jail, so that the owner may get her again. CORNELIUS ROBINSON. February 4-22-3t
Among the various discoveries
which have of late been made in the United States, we know of none more deserving of public notice than the following by LEWIS DE NIROTH. Such a desideratum in the architecture of buildings has been long wanting. Many attempts have been made to compose or manufacture a chemical composition similar to that used by the ancient Egyptians; but we have heard of none which approximates nearer to that which is generally called the Egyptian cement and which has put an end to the ravages of time for several thousand years, than that which the Patentee here describes. Patent fire and water proof cement. A composition equal in durability to free stone, for covering roofs, floors, and plastering walls of houses— Rendering Cellars that are marshy and damp water proof. Chimney pieces. Fire hearths. Steps to front and back doors of houses. Cement pavement entire for front and rear of houses, arches, and works under water, statues, images, &c. plaster out side of houses. N.B. Application by letter, post-paid, addressed to Mr. Henry Aborn, Federal City will be punctually noticed. Feb. 12-3t.
ROSS & GETTY,
At their Store, corner of Washington and Bridge streets, next door to the Union Tavern, Georgetown, Have received from the Schooner Rebecca, from New York, 300 bushels potatoes 10 barrels prime mackerel 5 do. white onions 50 boxes spermaceti candles 200 weight currants 10 boxes muscatel raisins 1200 pounds fine yellow cheese. ON HAND, Good old Madeira, Sicily, Sherry, Malaga, Port and Lisbon Wines—Cognac Brandy, Jamaica Rum, New England, do. Holland and country Gin, Irish and Rye Whiskey, Anniseed, Orange, Cinnamon and Perfect Love Cordials on draft and in bottles; prime St. Croix, Loaf and Lump Sugar. Gunpowder Tea in canisters Do. do. in chests Imperial Hyson, Young Hyson, Hyson Skin, and Souchong Tea of the Latest importations. A few sets of handsome French China Five barrels excellent Buck-wheat Meal Bar Iron and Steel Mould and dipped Candles Spanish and country Segars With a great variety of other articles in the GROCERY LINE—ALL of which they will dispose of on the lowest terms. Have received, By the Sloop Unity, captain Hand from Philadelphia, 140 boxes of mould candles } Cook's 60 do. dipped do. } Manufact- 50 do. brown soap } tory. 20 do. white do. 5 kegs raisins 20 boxes Muscatel, do. 700 lbs. prime Flemming cheese, far superior in quality to any in this market 3 tiers of winter strained spermaceti oil 2000 lbs. prime green coffee 1000 lbs. Bourbon do. 1200 lbs. of Pennington's loaf sugar 20 firkins butter 5 chests fresh hyson tea 6 do. young hyson do. } All first 4 do. imperial do. } chop. 12 hds. muscovada sugar Together with a large quantity of excellent IRON, all of which they will sell on the lowest terms, by wholesale or retail. Georgetown, February 13-3t
RUNAWAY NEGROES.
WAS committed to the jail of Washington county, in the state of Maryland, on the 5th inst a mulatto man, who calls himself GEORGE ; and on the 10th inst. Negro FANNY and child—George says he belongs to Benjamin Fayton, of King George county, in Virginia; he is a dark mulatto, about 5 feet 10 inches high, 24 or 25 years old, has a scar on his lip, wears a negro cotton coat, jacket and breeches, and has with him a striped cotton, and a Marcellus quilting jacket. Fanny says she is the wife of George, and that she belongs to a col. Taylor, adjoining King George county, and is about the same age of George, a low woman in stature, with a scar over her right eye, and is far gone in pregnancy; she has on a blue jacket and jeans spinning light blue petticoat—Her child is about 12 months old—Their owner or owners are desired to release them, or they will be sold for their jail fees agreeably to law. ISAAC C. S. WHITE, Sheriff. Hagerstown, February 6-3t
To Rent,
AND possession given on the 10th November next, the two story Brick Dwelling House on the corner of R and 14th Streets, at present occupied by Mr. Andrew Way. Also a two story brick dwelling house in a central situation, of which possession may be had immediately. For terms apply to THOS. NERTY. Oct. 17-3t &wtf
AN ACT for the punishment for forgery and other purposes.
WHEREAS it has been represented to this general assembly, that the crime of forging bank notes and negotiable notes both greatly increased, and the punishment already provided by law, not being thought sufficient to prevent the commission of the crime, for remedy thereof. Be it enacted by the General Assembly of Maryland, That any person who shall with a fraudulent intent, employ an artist to engrave or etch any plate, in imitation of the note or notes of any established bank within this state, or of any bank which may hereafter be established within this state, or which are or may be established by law in any of the United States, or any person engaged in engraving or etching such plate or plates, or any person in any manner engaged in striking impressions from such plate or plates, or any person who shall alter such notes, fraudulent or forged signatures, or any person who shall be in any manner concerned in the altering, forging or counterfeiting, any note of any bank now existing within this state, or of any bank which may hereafter be established in this state, or any person who may pass within this state, forged or counterfeited notes (knowing them to be such) purporting to be the genuine notes of a bank regularly constituted within any of the United States, or any person who may pass as genuine any note purporting to be a note of a bank which does not exist, or shall pass as genuine negotiable notes, any forged or counterfeited negotiable note or paper whatsoever, or who shall alter or alter any genuine negotiable note or negotiable paper, or any endorsement thereon, to be altered, forged, counterfeited, altered or falsified with intention to defraud, the said bank or banks, or any other person, shall be adjudged a felon, and shall be condemned to death without benefit of clergy. February 4-18-3t
TEAS, BRANDY, SUGAR, SE
GARS, ORANGES, &c. &c. WALTER & CLEMENT SMITH have just received by the Maria, captain Stodder from New York and the Union, capt. Bacon from Boston, 10 chests fresh young hyson tea, best quality, 20 boxes fine imperial tea—small packages put up for family use, 9 pipes genuine old 4th proof cognac brandy, very superior quality, 40 boxes R.A. India white sugar, 40 boxes R.A. India, best Havana sugar, 20 do. do. 2d quality, 7 bags black pepper, 12 boxes fresh London mustard, 5 cases excellent Goshen cheese, 3 chests Dutch half pint tumblers, 100 Boxes bloom and Muscatel raisins. 6 barrels Spanish silvers, 5 boxes fine Smyrna figs, 19 barrels Newtown pippins, 25 barrels best Newark cyder, 3000 fresh oranges, 150 boxes mould & dipped candles—Sampson and Co. and Morris's manufacture, 24 crates well assorted, Queens ware, 750 gunny bags. AND IN STORE, Fresh Hyson, Hyson Chulan, Hyson Skin, & Souchong Teas, in chests and boxes, 25 hds. excellent Trinidad Suli Sugars, genuine old London particular Madeira wine in pipes and quarter casks, Lisbon, Tenerife, Sicily, Catalonia, Port, and old Sherry Wines in quarter casks, real Holland and New York anchor Gin in pipes, Whiskey, Peach, and Apple Brandy, high 4th proof Jamaica Rum in puncheons, loaf and lump sugars in barrels, Olives, Capers, and Anchovies, in boxes, assorted, a few boxes Chocolate, Fig Blue, 6 boxes best Marcellus Almonds, 2000 lbs. Coffee, 20 boxes brown Soap, a few boxes spermaceti Candles, and a quantity of boiled Lintseed Oil in jugs.—Also an assortment of India Piece Goods, All of which will be sold at a very moderate advance. George Town, January 2-22-3t &wtf
FOR SALE,
A Valuable MULATTO MAN about 38 years old; he is sober and honest, has been brought up as a Fisher and Gardener, and inferior to none as a careful Carriage driver—he is also a pretty good Shoemaker, and is what may be called a convenient hand on a Plantation or House servant. With him will be sold his Wife a likely young woman about 25 years old, a good Nurse and House servant, and a tolerable Seamstress. They are sold at their own request, and will not be separated, And if any traveller should want a light Jersey Waggon and a pair of well matched and tried Horses he may be accommodated by applying to the Editor for information. Washington, Feb. 12-3t
MARY A. PIC,
HAS just received from her correspondents in Philadelphia, a new assortment of Millinery & Jewelry, Among which are— Spring bonnets and shawls Dressed caps Artificial flowers and feathers Embroidered shoes Gold and silver ornaments Cords and tassels and girales Velvet pelices Crape of all colors Silk flockings superior quality Elegant fans New fashioned ear-rings, and combs ornamented with topaz, emerald, pearls and other precious stones Brest pins Jewels Plain tortoise shell combs, extra size. Hair necklaces and watch chains Enamelled bracelets, &c. &c. &c. Georgetown, Feb. 16-3t
JUST PUBLISHED, (PRICE 25 CENTS.)
And to be had at Messrs. RAPINE'S, DUANE'S and PATTERSON'S Book-stores in the City; Mr. Marche's in Georgetown, & Mr. Thomas's in Alexandria—"Strictures on the establishment of Colleges, particularly that of St. Mary in the precincts of Baltimore." February 11-3t