The national intelligencer and Washington advertiser. (Washington City [D.C.]), 1809-09-08 00:00:00

National Intelligencer.
WASHINGTON ADVERTISER
WASHINGTON CITY, PRINTED BY SAMUEL HARRISON SMITH, PENNSYLVANIA AVENUE.
No. 1391.
VOL. IX.
FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 8, 1809.
PAID IN ADVANCE.
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WHOLESOME ANECDOTE.
Being invited to dine with a gentleman near Aulderne, when I was praising the salad, which I found extremely good, he said, smiling: 'You need not be afraid, it is not dressed with castor oil.' Upon enquiring what he alluded to, he told me that a gentleman and his lady, in the neighborhood, who sometimes, as is the case in inland places, where there are no resident doctors, when any of their tenants are sick, recommend an emetic or the like to them, and at their own expense afford the medicine. This gentleman having an appeal to the House of Peers, about a large estate, was at London; and, as he gained the process, and was about to return to Scotland, he brought four gallons of castor oil, to lie at his house, and be served out as occasion should require. Upon his arrival in Scotland, as it is natural, all the nobility and gentry, who were acquainted with him, came to dine with him, & congratulate him and the family on so many thousand pounds yearly being added to their fortune. When mostly all the genteel families for twenty miles round had paid their compliments to him in this manner, and he and his lady found leisure to hear the complaints of those sick people that applied to them, he found that some castor oil might be useful to a person that had come to consult them. Upon this, he rang the bell for John, the servant, who appearing, and being desired to bring some castor oil, replied, 'It is all done.' 'Done!' replied the gentleman; 'do not you know there is a keg of it lately come from London?' 'Yes; but if it please your honor, that one is done too.' 'How can that be?' replied the gentleman, in a passion. 'Why, sir, you have had such a round of company, almost every day since it came, and always sallad at the table, that it is all gone.' 'Don't you know it is castor oil I want, and that the name is written in large letters on the cask?' 'So it is,' replied the servant, 'but as your honor knows, it was for the Casrons, and dressing the sallad: it is all gone.' 'O you scoundrel, now I understand you; so you have been dressing sallad all this time with it. But harkee, John, be careful not to mention it.' The truth is, all the company were highly pleased with the sallads, and had often spoken in their praise; and the gentleman and his family had never in their life a better summer's health, nor the people that visited him.
From the Democratic Press.
It is considered by the greatest cotton manufacturing house in Providence (R. I.) that the consumption of 1809 in the mills within 15 miles of that town, is 15,000 lbs. per week, or 780,000 lbs. per annum. They add that the consumption of 1810 will be 20,000 lbs. per week, or 1,040,000 lbs. per annum. This will make two summer pantaloons, and two summer coats for 200,000 men. The value will be 1,000,000 of dollars at the wholesale cash price of the stuff only. To a country of 30 miles square this is a serious matter for subsistence and profit. The works of this house only (the greatest in that district) employ in various ways 1000 persons. Let this fact be compared with the first year's return of exports, and the first of imports under the present constitution. Let Rhode Island be considered as having 80,000 persons of our 8 millions, and it requires 80 millions of dollars to reach the scale, on which she combines her labor-saving machinery and skill with Southern produce. As 4 millions (of our country) in 1790 exported but 20 millions of dollars in all things, this branch of Rhode Island industry quadruples our recent exports or imports, and doubles both, in the scale of the nation. We never took from England, for our own use, more than a mere fraction of 80 millions of piece goods. Rhode Island greatly exceeds her portion of them
It may be said that Rhode Island does not weave all these goods: that they are scattered through the union. This is true; but Rhode Island furnishes much of her spinning, and the state is more than 30 miles square. It carries on largely other manufactures, being a state of little extravagance or luxury, and much industry, economy & skill. It would be incorrect to suppose that Rhode Island does not perform much more in manufactures than the weaving, dying and dressing of 1,000,000 of cotton wool per annum.
From the Enquirer.
The example of G. Britain may be useful and encouraging to us, as a manufacturing nation. To shew the rapid steps which she has taken for the last 37 years, in the use and working of cotton, will only be to shew the improvements, which may be made in the U. States in the same tracks, by the aid of machinery. If, in these points of view, the following extract from 'Observations on the Cotton Trade of G. Britain,' printed at Glasgow, should fail to be interesting to ourselves—it may at least, be so, as it shows the present importance of a great manufacture to the interests of the British empire:
"In the year 1763, cotton, as an article of commerce, was scarcely known in this country."
"A few years afterwards, Mr. Arkwright obtained his patent for working cotton by machinery."
"In 1782, the whole produce of the cotton manufacture did not exceed two millions sterling."
"In 1801, the import of cotton wool into Britain was forty-two millions of lbs. and the estimated value of the cotton manufacture fifteen millions sterling: such was the rapid increase of this trade to the end of the year 1801."
"From the documents procured, it appears, that the import of this article in 1802 has not been less than fifty-four millions of lbs. and the particulars of the trade are as follows:"
"The raw material, when delivered on board the merchant ships, now costs about four millions sterling. Upwards of thirty thousand tons of shipping, and about two thousand seamen, are constantly employed in bringing the cotton-wool to this country, and in exporting the goods manufactured from it. To work the wool into thread, requires a capital in building and machinery, to the amount of nine millions two hundred and twenty-five thousand pounds; and those buildings and machinery are chiefly composed of bricks, slates, glass, timber, lead, iron, copper, tin and leather; from most of which, in one shape or other, a considerable duty, is collected for the support of the state."
"This trade gives employment or support to upwards of eight hundred thousand individuals, and the annual return of the manufacture is nearly as follows:"
"Cost of cotton in the countries where it grows, insurance, freight, other shipping charges & merchant's profit, L. 4,723,000"
"The interest, at 5 per cent. upon the capital of L9,225,000, sunk in building and machinery, with ten per ct. for wear and tear of do. 1,383,750"
"Wages of spinning, value of materials consumed in the process of spinning the cotton into thread, and spinner's profit, 5,100,000"
"Value of materials consumed in subsequent manufactures, manufacturing wages, interest of capital and profit, 9,000,000"
L. 20,208,750
Of which sum, at least thirteen millions sterling are paid in wages to the natives of G. Britain."
Method of washing Spanish Merino Wool in France, translated from a French work.*
"The day before you wash it, open the wool, side by side, lay the fleece upon a large sieve supported on two poles; beat it lightly with two bunches of rods, to get out the hay seed and dust—then remove by hand, the clods of dung and the wool stained by it, which is washed separately. When the wool is so clotted that the water
* It must be observed that the Merino are not washed in Spain or France previous to shearing.
cannot penetrate it, it must be opened by hand; two or three minutes in skillful hands is sufficient to do this. Then place the wool in a copper, press the wool down throwing on it water blood warm; fill the vessel and let it lie till next morning; it should not soak more than eight hours, but unless the weather is very hot it will not injure to be twenty-four—then wash it as follows: One or more chaldrons are provided, one filled with the water in which the wool was soaked, this is heated just so as to bear the hand in it—the wool is put by degrees into the water, according to the number of fleeces, the less put in at once the more perfect will be the washing; it must be moved backwards and forwards by a smooth stick or fork, lifting the wool up and down constantly, in order to open and render it more penetrable to the water; if it is turned about it twists, which injures the subsequent operation. After being in the water 3 or 4 minutes, they then take it out with the hand or stick, placing it in a basket held over the chaldron a few minutes, to save the water impregnated with the grease, and then take it to the water to wash. In proportion as the water diminishes it must be replenished by the water from the vats, and when it becomes too dirty for use, it must be thrown away and fresh put in. Then the wool is washed in great open worked baskets, that the water may more easily run off. In running water, two large baskets should be filled; in the lower one the wool should be washed, and in the upper one the washed wool should be placed; it must not be rolled, but opened as much as possible with both hands. When it appears to be well opened and swims on the surface of the water like a cloud, it is sufficiently washed and may be put in the upper basket, where after remaining a few minutes it is taken out to dry. The water should be the softest that can be got."
Although the foregoing process appears tedious, it is not so when prepared. The finest broad cloths in the world are now made in France, for which they are solely indebted to the introduction of the Merino sheep and the foregoing method of preparing their wool for the manufacturers."
The immense armies which have been ravaging Spain, it appears by recent accounts have nearly exterminated the Merino race of sheep in that country; as a proof of which, Spanish wool sells now in England, at the enormous price of 26 shillings sterling, instead of 7 and 8 pence, and they will not be able to find relief for a number of years.
SALT.
A very respectable gentleman of this city, sent us yesterday a sample of SALT, with the following account of it:—"The sample of salt now sent you was made in April last, near Wilmington, in North Carolina, where several persons have undertaken to make it in large quantities, on the same plan and with the same process. The crystals of the salt are not very equal, which is owing to the weakness of the sun's heat in the spring; but that which is made in June, July, and August, will be larger grain. Reckoning as near as possible the expenses of such undertakings, they find that ten feet square of salt water will yield one bushel of salt, and that on an average, it will come to about 50 cents per bushel; but these expenses will decrease as the work progresses." Charleston paper.
IMPORTANT TO MARINERS.
To the Editor of the Mercantile Advertiser.
SIR, The following experiment I have tried, and have no doubt it would be the means of preserving the lives of such of our sea-faring people as should be so unfortunate as to abandon their vessel and entrust their lives to the boat.
A fourteen foot boat with an empty puncheon lashed to the rising of the boat on the inside, will float with four men in it when full of water, and in this case may be bailed out. And I believe that one puncheon to a ton, or four puncheons to a twenty foot long boat, will float with sixteen men in like manner.
In the above case a boat may live in the sea, without danger of turning bottom up.
WM. THOMPSON, Brooklyn.
Charleston, Aug. 17.
AMERICAN MANUFACTURE. A meeting was held yesterday, at 12 o'clock, pursuant to public notice, in order to take into consideration a circular letter from the Society established in Philadelphia for the encouragement of Domestic Manufactures.
Doctor John L. E. W. Shecutt, was called to the chair; and John B. White, to act as secretary to the meeting.
The object of the meeting was briefly stated, from the chair, and the following resolutions were proposed and unanimously adopted:
1st. Resolved, That it is the sense of this meeting, that the establishment of a Society for the promotion of domestic manufactures in this state, and for the purpose of co-operating with our fellow-citizens throughout the union, is of the first importance towards our national independence.
2d. Resolved, That a committee, consisting of nine, be appointed to draft rules for the government of the society.
3d. Resolved, That the committee, or a majority of the same, do report their rules as soon as they shall accomplish the object of their appointment; and that when ready to report, they do give public notice thereof.
4th. Resolved, That the proceedings of this meeting be published.
The following gentlemen were appointed the committee:
Capt. John Geddes, Peter Freneau, Capt. G. W. Cross, Bartholmew Carroll, Charles J. Steedman, Dr David Ramsay, Thomas Bennet, junior, John Johnson, Jun. John L. E. W. Shecutt.
The meeting then adjourned. J. B. WHITE, Sec.
Pittsburg, (Pen.) June 14.
PITTSBURG STEAM MILL.
The valuable mill, which has been erected at a very great expence, and of the most substantial materials and workmanship, will, in a few days, be in complete operation. Several trials have been made as each part of the machinery was finished: and on Saturday last, the stones being laid down, the whole of the works were put in motion, which gave the most flattering prospects of its future usefulness to the inhabitants of Pittsburg, and to the western country generally; while at the same time it promises to amply reward those who have expended so much time and money to erect it.
This mill has been finished under the superintendence of Mr. George Evans, a young man of talents and industry in this branch of mechanism. It was projected by Mr. Oliver Evans, of Philadelphia, whose improvements on mills have long been successfully used in the eastern parts of this country, & many of the neighboring states.
Although a liberal price, in cash, has been offered for wheat, it appears to be scarce in the country at this season of the year—very little having yet come in.
New Orleans, July 10.
A brief sketch of a late transaction, which occurred lately at the camp of Terre-au-Boeuf.
On the 10th inst. Lieut. Christian, of the 7th regiment, reported to Lieut. Blue of the same corps, that a general revolt was intended as soon as the men had received their pay, and that the plan extended from right to left. He mentioned several names, and among them are corporal Donaldson of the 5th regiment, and a private by the name of Arbuckle of the 7th regiment, and particularized Hogan, the sergeant-major of dragoons, as the proposed leader, who is said to be a British deserter. This report reached the General's ear the morning of the 11th, and measures were immediately adopted to ascertain the grounds on which it rested.
In the course of the day and night, satisfactory evidence was obtained, that a revolt was in agitation, and that a paper had been circulated for signers. The General had heard that an overt act was necessary to constitute treason and to justify accusation; but he reflected that if he should in this instance wait for the act, the actors might perhaps enter the plea of justification, and put his authority and the law at defiance; he therefore resolved as on a former occasion to anticipate the conspirators.
On the morning of the 12th, the bad cartridges were returned by the troops, and the guards strengthened. The line paraded in the evening, the light
artillery on the right, loaded with canister & lighted matches—the roll being called and the orders read, three sergeants, one corporal and four privates were drawn out and committed to the front guard, under an impressive silence, and a scene of obsequious alarm from right to left. Piques of confidential men were turned out in the course of the evening, and the officers emulated each other in vigilance, determined to lose their lives or extinguish the combination in its dawn.
On the 13th the enclosed order was issued and a general court martial was ordered, to try the offenders. I left camp this morning, where everything was tranquil. In short this little excitement operating like a zonio on all ranks, has produced an unprecedented display of zeal and action, and will no doubt have the best effect.
EXTRACT OF GENERAL ORDERS.
Head quarters, Camp
Terre-au-Boeuf,
July 13th, 1809
"It is with extreme pain the General has heard of much licentious conversation in this camp, subversive of every principle of subordination and discipline, of parotism and honor, and tending to dissolve those high and solemn obligations, by which every military man is bound to the service of his country."
"He is fully apprized of the acts which have been employed to seduce the incautious and innocent from their signatures to a bond of infamy, and to involved them in utter disgrace and ruin. He knows that his life has been menaced by a traitor, but he is persuaded, a great majority of the troops he commands, Americans by birth and in principle, will sooner suffer martyrdom, than attach an eternal stigma to their names and families, or raise their hands against the country which gave them birth—He knows also that this camp, like all others of equal extent, comprehends every species of human depravity, and on strict scrutiny, will exhibit the various traits of character, from the patriot and the hero, to the coward and the villain—men of profligate lives, fugitives from justice and deserters from foreign service:
"But were the general assured that every man of his camp had combined to violate their oaths, to abandon their duty, and defy the government and the laws, by an act of desperation as foolish as it would be cowardly, wicked, and perfidious; they should march to the gibbet over his body, because his life, compared to the faithful discharge of the high trust confided to him, would be but a feather in the balance; in such a disgraceful extremity, the general would save his own honor by shooting the first man who resisted his orders, in which he can have no doubt he would be gallantly seconded by every gentleman who bears a commission, and by every soldier of courage and honor."
"The officers of this army are commanded to exact the most prompt obedience from their inferiors, and to punish on the spot any man who may pause over an order, or utter a seditious expression."
Translation of the Count Lacchede's letter to D. B. Warden, Esq. concerning the Fossil Bones, presented to the National Institute by the President of the U. States. Dated Paris, 1st Sept. 1808.
Sir—I hastened to communicate to the Institute, in their sitting of Monday last, the letter which Mr. Jefferson was pleased to address, and which you had the complaisance to deliver to me.
The Institute, penetrated with gratitude for this new mark of interest which its illustrious member has manifested, has resolved that an expression of thanks shall be solemnly addressed to him by its proper officers. It has also engaged me to testify to Mr. Jefferson the value it attaches to his attention. The Institute has decided, that the fossil bones and other objects of natural history, which Mr. Jefferson has had the goodness to put at its disposal, shall be placed in the Museum of National History; the only place where the public can conveniently and usefully examine this fine present of Mr. Jefferson.
In consequence of this decision of the Institute, I shall immediately make known to my colleagues of the Museum, what you have communicated to

me, sir, concerning the arrival of these lines; and as they come by their river, from Havre, and are by their nature susceptible of being injured, perhaps you may think proper to deliver them at the bridge of Austerlitz, at the northern gate of the garden of plants in cases which these precious objects can be easily transported to the apartment destined for their reception.
Accept, sir, the new assurances of the sentiments your merit, as also the renewal of my thanks for all that you have been pleased to communicate to me.
I have the honor to salute you, (Signed) COUNT DE LACEPEDE. Minister Warden, Secretary of the American Legation.
P. S. I shall have the honor of sending to you, according to your permission, my answer to your illustrious President.
ADDRESS of the ANTI-DUELLING ASSOCIATION OF NEW-YORK To the Electors of the state of N. York.
A number of your fellow citizens solicit your attention to a subject of great and common interest. They address you not as adherents to any political or ecclesiastical party—but as men who know that atheism which rejects the authority and government of GOD—as citizens who feel the importance of making the laws respected; and who know the impunity of crime tends to destroy both public order and private happiness, with all the security of property, liberty & life—as friends, brothers and fathers of families, to whom the social charities are sacred; & who can never hold cheap the blood of such as are united to them in the tenderest ties of amity, of nature and of love. They call upon you to consider and resist the prevalence of a crime which strikes at you in all these relations; which has hitherto eluded, but too successfully, the several efforts to suppress it, and which emboldened by past impunity, threatens to leave nothing safe of all that is venerable and valuable in human life—the crime of DUELLING.
They need not prove the absurdity & atrocity of a practice which cannot reckon among its advocates a single wise or good man. Few, even of the most abandoned, venture to apologise for it upon any other principle than this, that “it is a means, however bad, which the state of Society renders necessary for the protection of person and character; and that if one should not resent an insult by calling out its author, or should decline an insult from another he would become an object of universal contempt, liable to the meanest affronts, and incapable of maintaining his place among men of dignity and spirit. Briefly, that PUBLIC OPINION, which regulates private honour, is in favour of Duelling, and compels one to sacrifice his reason, his conscience and his wishes to the respectability of his social standing.”
Thus the Duellist assuming it as a fact that he is to be rewarded with the approbation of the community, flies to his weapons of death, sates his revenge with blood, and produces public opinion, as the warrant of his murder.
On the immorality of this doctrine, it would be superfluous to comment. There can be but one judgment pronounced upon it by all who recognize the distinction between right & wrong, as originating in a higher source than human custom. But if the allegation of fact is correct; if the Duellist has rightly estimated the public opinion; if it is true that the American people look with satisfaction upon deeds which fill every virtuous breast with horror and dismay, then is our condition dreadful indeed.
We cannot submit to such a libel upon the understanding and the morals of this nation. Public opinion is merely the collective opinion of individuals. To be known, it must be expressed. And when, where, how, has it been expressed in favor of Duelling? Let the man be produced who has, from principle, refused either to give or accept a challenge that has been pursued by public reprobation?
The true expression of public opinion is to be sought in the religion of the land; in its laws; and in the conversation of its inhabitants.
The religion of the land is decisive. That religion which is received by the people of the U. S. is of Divine authority, and which has interdicted not only the matured act, but all incitements to the commission of it.
The laws of the land are decisive. They speak death to the man who kills another in a duel. They speak de-radation and infamy to every one who, in any manner, assists in a duel. —But the laws are merciful; they will not allow of any avoidable risk of punishing the innocent. And the guilty, availing himself of their protection and of the facility of escape,
created by different jurisdictions, excludes their blow, and in the very act of shrinking from this expression of the public will, pleads public opinion in his own vindication.
The private circles are decisive. Go through the state from house to house; number the patrons of duelling; and when you have found them one in a thousand of our independent electors, begin to speak of their opinion. Shall we then hear that our opinions collectively are in diametrical opposition to our opinions separately? And that the public applauds a practice which every one who contributes to make up that public, a handful of the desperate excepted, pronounces senseless and wicked? Yet strong as the facts are; full, peremptory, solemn and habitual as are the expressions of public opinion against duelling, without one solitary expression in its favor, this baneful practice, the offspring of barbarous manners and bloody passions, is still fathered upon public opinion! And, what is deeply alarming, gains rapidly among our citizens—gains, in opposition to all the expostulations of reason, and all the sanctions of religion; in opposition to the rebuke of the law; to the testimony of the wise and good; to the protestations of common humanity; to the tears of the widow and the sorrows of the orphan; to the agonies of a father's bosom, and the yearnings of a mother's bowels; to all that is affecting in this world, and all that is tremendous in the world to come!
Are we fathers? Are we brothers? Are we citizens? Are we men? And shall we permit a crime, the reproach of our land and the scourge of our peace, to stalk openly and impudently through our streets? Are we to tremble every hour of our lives lest a brother or a son, on whom rest our fairest hopes, cross our threshold in the morning, to be brought back, at noon, a victim to that Moloch—modern honor? And as the sword passes through our souls, to be told, that we invited its point, and bribed the assassin, by our own complacency in his character? But what shall be done? Reason has spoken, and she is disregarded. Religion has spoken and she is mocked. The laws have spoken, and they are not heard. Humanity has spoken, and she is insulted. This is unhappily true.—One measure, however, still remains. A measure, simple, dignified, and probably more effectual than any which has been tried hitherto. It is in the elective franchise. The freemen of this state have only to refuse their countenance and their vote at the elections, to every man who shall hereafter be engaged, either as principal or accessory in any duel, or in any attempt to promote one. As the utmost art is used by offenders in this way, to frustrate the law, by rendering the requisite proof impossible, nothing more is necessary to cut them off from the benefit of their ill-gotten impunity, than to make current report, or one's private persuasion, by what means soever obtained, the ground of withholding one's vote.
That the influence of such a determination, if generally adopted and acted upon, would be very great, cannot admit of a doubt. The only plausible objections are the two following:
1. That a judgment founded upon presumptive proof, such as common rumor of an article in the public prints, might condemn an innocent man; and 2. That the measure recommended may interfere with the freedom of election.
Upon the first objection it is sufficient to remark, that should the case ever occur, that a candidate for office should fail in his election from an unjust suspicion of his having been concerned in a duel, it would still be much better that an individual should be kept out of an office to which he has no right by the people's gift, than that an atrocious crime should go longer without coercion. The injury, if any, would flow, not from the vote, but from the suspicion which existed prior to it, and therefore could be no way occasioned by it. But such a case would be so extremely improbable as not to be of any weight in the contemplation of a grand social reform. Among all those to whom a general and permanent suspicion has attached on this subject, it would be difficult if not impossible to point out an instance of mistake. And should a mistake happen hereafter, the person accused, knowing that the charge, if believed, is to shut him out from the people's honors, will not be slow in repelling it, and rescuing his character from unmerited odium.
With regard to the second objection—Instead of interfering with the right of election, the expedient proposed is founded upon the broadest and freest exercise of that right. It is the prerogative of every elector to give or to deny his vote to any candidate for any reason which to himself is satisfactory:
or for no other reason than his own choice. He enjoys a control over his own vote, which no man nor body of men can question. And as he may give or refuse it to whomsoever he pleases, at the time of election, so he is at perfect liberty to declare before hand what cause shall govern him in its application.
While the measure proposed does in no manner invade the freedom of election, it is recommended by the most forcible motives of public utility and virtue.
The class of avowed duellists is too small to impoverish the councils or offices of the state by their absence. Nothing will be lost by leaving them out.
The intended remedy against their inroads upon society, addresses itself to the very principle on which they profess to build their practice—a sense of honor.—Close up the avenues to public confidence; let it be heard and seen, and felt, that duelling and duellists are infamous—and their plea is gone. If, after this, any of our citizens should persist in the practice, they will convict themselves in the face of Heaven and earth, of fighting from the impulses of ferocious malignity and thirst of blood.
The political power of the people will be arranged on the side of individual virtue, of domestic happiness and of public morals.
Many an unhappy man who would otherwise be hurried away by notions of false honor, and the dread of open scorn, will be preserved to himself, his family and his country.
The stream of public opinion thus efficaciously turned against a crime of frequent occurrence and of the blackest dye, will obliterate the reproach of our name, and prevent the accumulation of both guilt and suffering.
As no retrospect is designed—what is past being considered as past—an opportunity will be given to such as may have been unwillingly drawn into duels, to declare themselves in the cause of their conviction and of truth.
Such, fellow-citizens, are the sentiments which have given rise to the Anti-duelling Association of New-York. You are earnestly entreated to join in a general and solemn resolution never to confide the interests of your families and your country to the hands of men, who, by the future commission of the crime of duelling, shall prove that they neither fear God nor regard man. Such a resolution will refute the slander that your opinions are really favorable to their folly and their violence. It will put away from you, as individuals, if faithfully kept, the guilt of blood. It will be as beneficial to the community, as it will be consolatory to yourselves. It will speak to offenders in a tone which they will not dare to despise—and if this magnanimous conduct shall not furnish an example, no example is ever to be furnished in the course of human things, that “the voice of the people is the voice of God!”
By order of this meeting, JOHN BROOME, Chairman. LEBEUS LOOMIS, Sec'y.
FROM THE CHRONICLE. What is Patriotism?—Is a question seldom started, and but little thought of. The subject has become so stale and unfashionable in this country, that to bestow much attention upon it would be deemed time mispent. Every one is sure he rightly understands its nature, and possesses a due portion of its spirit; and therefore is not solicitous to enter into an investigation of its properties. That a small degree of attention alone is requisite to form a right conception of its nature and essence, will readily be admitted; but that various causes frequently tend to render it extinct in the mind, or subject it to the empire of baser passions, is no less certain. These considerations therefore, even in the present state of mental improvement, may perhaps justify a discussion of the subject, and a recurrence to first principles.
Patriotism has its foundation in the benevolent affections of the mind. Of those, next to philanthropy or universal love, it is the most general and disinterested; and like its consociate affections, is a never failing-source of tranquil felicity. For its existence it depends on the susceptibility, and for its energy on the integrity and fortitude of the human mind. Its object is the land that gave us being, or that society or body politic, whose laws protected our infancy. Here patriotism has an advantage over the more limited affections; that of never entertaining an unworthy object. However an insignificant bauble may at times, by a casual association of ideas, engross our affections, we may be sure, that he does not err, who loves his country. Reason indeed may point out happier crimes; but the native, whose existence began on the rugged cliffs amid Norwegian snows, the sun-burnt sands of the African deserts, or a sea-beaten island in the Southern
ocean, will find an attachment deeply rooted in its nature which time nor information can never entirely eradicate. This attachment seems nicely interwoven with our make by the great Creator for benevolent purposes; and is happily expressed by the British poet:
“England, with all thy faults I love thee still, My country!”
Oppression and impending ruin may sometimes justify a removal from the state for the preservation of liberty and life; as when Cato and the Roman Senate left their native city for a pent-up town in Africa; and our ancestors bid adieu to the land of their nativity to seek an asylum in the American wilderness; but, while one spark of patriotism remains, nothing can serve to excite a wish to see our birth-place depressed, and foreign arms insolently insulting it.
Although no individual can err in his object, in whom the spirit of patriotism exists; yet he may mistake in the means of its exertions, and is very liable to error in his judgments of its strength and direction in the minds of other men. Hence, nothing is more easy, than for those who are destitute of patriotism, to palm themselves upon others for first-rate patriots, and thence vault into the car, that drives to power. Whenever a party, out of power, are continually attributing the temporary evils and embarrassments of the nation to the measures of government, and instead of cherishing, seize on every act to find fault, at the same time fixing the “amor patriæ” on their standards, we have good grounds to doubt their pretensions, and shall be justified in attributing to their leaders the basest motives. But whenever, added to all this, they exhibit a notorious partiality for a foreign nation, and openly justify its measures at the expence of our own, the baseness and deception become then so palpable, that none can longer hesitate, who is not blinded by prejudice or infatuated in error. Whatever may be the number of factions in any state, Patriotism will not admit of introducing foreign aid to decide the contest. It was thus that the Jews, besieged by the Roman legions, incessantly bathing their spears in each other's blood, were united against their common enemy; and thus the French, during their revolution, although constantly involved in internal commotions, yet firmly repelled every invader. A nation, nor any part of it, will never countenance the aggressions of a foreign state, nor will suggest an argument to favor its pretensions, unless the spirit of patriotism has become nearly extinct.
Permit us now to enquire, what are the causes which produce this extinction? From principles already laid down, it would seem, that the sensibility of the mind must be in some degree blunted, or that this refined affection must be swallowed up by the more inordinate passions. By an attentive consideration we may be pretty certain, that an extensive commerce, with its attending avaricious spirit, is eminently calculated to produce these effects. The chain of commercial speculations, and the cold calculation of per centum profits, tend to deaden the gentler emotions; and an unbounded desire of wealth, like an ambition for power, sweeps them from the soul. Under this influence the permanent good of the commonwealth must yield sub silentio to temporary individual interest. When we daily behold adventurers in pursuit of wealth, leaving their families and friends to dwell in the poisonous atmosphere of southern climates, what else can we infer, than a dereliction of all the tender passions? Foreign intercourse also, by extending our connexions, creates other habits of association, and new regards for more dazzling objects, which destroy in a great measure our ordinary local attachments.
History will corroborate these conclusions.—Sparta, unknown to commerce, was the most patriotic of the Grecian states; whilst Athens, the centre of traffic, was frequently bribed to her destruction. Carthage for a long time had enjoyed the commerce of the world; and this, by producing inconstancy and inefficiency in her councils, obliged her to yield to the patriotic Romans. For temporary emolument old Tyre extended her establishments to the other extremity of the Mediterranean, and thus accelerated her ruin. The eastern nations were fond of commercial luxuries; and became an easy prey to Alexander, and afterwards to the Roman generals.
Sometimes however, when a nation has a force surpassing her contemporaries, the spirit of patriotism and a desire for wealth and fame become identified; and by conspiring together, the former degenerates into a sordid ambition. This was the case with Genoa and Venice, and the short-lived glory of the Hanseatic confederacy. Thus Rome made patriotism identified
with unlimited dominion; and when another was independent, thought she could not be free. This is now eminently the case with Great Britain. Well may the British sailor cry “Huzza for Old England,” when the treasures of a Spanish galleon are just ready to satiate his cupidity. To what, but this sordid and vicious principle, can we ascribe the late application of British merchants to the Board of Trade, to have the American commerce curtailed, because, forsooth, G. Britain cannot enjoy it. As though we were still in a state of colonization!
Let us now look at the patriotism of Americans; and here indeed we shall find but little to admire. A general money mania has weakened the virtuous principle of action and introduced innumerable crimes; and a predilection for the land of our forefathers, which to be sure originated in a patriotic principle, is now cherished to our great disadvantage. The public has received a certain tone, which feels a sympathy in vibrating to every thing English. Our manners have been inundated with their manufactures—and British arts and British manners are the standard of perfection. A pair of hose, stamped London, is worth double to any other; and every minutia of their dress is servilely copied from the Supreme Executive of a State down to the humblest votary of fashion. In the walks of science they also excel; and to suppose, that American genius can produce any thing like a distant imitation, would be a species of lunaticism.
Speaking the same language, we receive all our doctrines and tenets, legal, political and religious, from them; and hardly dare to think for ourselves. This facility of communication, aided by a strong commercial connexion, has created so extensive an influence in a considerable portion of the community, as to chill the ardor of national attachment. Hence arises the indifference, with which British aggressions are usually discussed; and the promptitude and warmth, with which arguments are furnished by our newspapers to palliate the wrong. Even admitting that those arguments, so choicely culled from every antiquated writer, are logically correct, it is politic, to show such an eagerness in commencing a course of extenuation; & does it not exhibit to foreign nations a most criminal want of self-respect and patriotic feeling?
Although this view is calculated to drive us to a state of despondency, we must still cherish the hope, that American patriotism is not wholly exhausted; that there is yet some seeds, buried in a congenial soil, which only require a proper season to spring to maturity. We cannot so readily concede, that the revolutionary spirit has so soon fled our country, as that we are ripe for innovation, and ready to submit to foreign imposition, and to embrace the violators of our rights; but we must acknowledge our firm belief, that there still remain among us some American Cobhams, of whom it may be said: “O, save my Country, Heaven, shall be thy last.” CURTIUS. Westford, August 5, 1809.
Ashford, (Con.) June 17. TO THE EDITOR OF THE NORTH AMERICAN.
SIR, Accidentally, on my passage thro' this state, I met with an extract from your paper, recommending the introduction of the Camel to the southern sections of the union, as an animal of burthen. Many years ago I held a command on the southern frontiers of Georgia, and had occasion to reconnoitre a very considerable part of that country; I remarked much inconvenience in transporting the productions of interior plantations to navigable waters, by reason of the weakness of the working cattle and horses, obstruction of loose sands and slippery clay bottoms, and the want of forage to support teams: for these are impediments which can never be wholly removed.—A remedy can be had by introducing the Camel. I formed this opinion soon after becoming acquainted with the customs and habits of the Moors and Arabs on the coast of Africa; and it was my intention to have sent a number of that and other animals from that coast to some of my friends in the southern states, had not adversity defeated my designs. All which is stated in the piece above alluded to, concerning the usefulness of the camel I can confirm from actual experiment. About five hundred camels bore our baggage, provisions and camp equipage from the borders of Egypt to the eastern province of Tripoli. They were driven by Arabs. The region through which we passed was extremely sterile. In a march of about six hundred miles in the desert we saw neither a cottage, a fruit tree, nor a natural stream of water. On the borders of mountains and in the ravines we found a miserable shrubbery; wild thyme, thistle, a kind of dwarf sweet briar, low and knotted thorn bushes,

and here and there a little herbage. No provisions were made for the subsistence of our camels—The proportionate burden laden on each of them was about seven hundred weight. The valleys between the high grounds and mountains are plains of sand, in some places deep and quick. In many instances we were compelled to march two, three or four days through these desolate plains without affording any forage to these patient animals; & it was only when we left in such coarse vegetation as I have before described, that they were loosed from their hampers and permitted to roam under the vigilance and responsibility of their drivers: they seemed to prefer the roughest weeds, and were peculiarly fond of the thistle and wild thyme. Though, from the scantiness of this wretched kind of forage, they became low in flesh, not one of them failed; and I am persuaded from my own observation, that they did not have water more than four or five times during a passage of fifty days. The scanty supplies which we took from accidental cisterns and rare reservoirs hardly kept alive our famishing host, and our cavalry horses, which cannot subsist without drink. One Arab was allowed to the care of ten camels. How useful might this animal be rendered on the plains of our southern climates? Cold weather and freezing is destructive to them; and they make a laborious and weary progress among rocks.
In such parts of the southern states as where roads are imperfect, and where the mails and other communications are carried by horses, the dromedary would also be a useful introduction. This animal seems to be a species of the camel; less in size; not calculated for burthen; slender of frame; easy of motion, and speedy of travel. Its general daily march is about sixty miles—when pushed one hundred. It feeds on the same plants as the camel, and is equally docile and obedient. It is remarkable that the camel always kneels to receive its burthen, and has the sagacity to know and complain, when too much is imposed for its strength; he kneels also to be unladen.
Other kinds of useful animals might also be brought from Africa. They have the finest mules on the Barbary coast I have ever seen in any country; and the means of producing the same quality here may be easily obtained and transported. An excellent species of sheep are found there, upon which some beneficial experiments have been made upon the plantations of Judge Peters of Pennsylvania. Some valuable tropical fruit trees from that coast, unknown in our country, I think might be made to flourish in the vicinity of New Orleans, on the banks of the Mississippi, and on our southern frontiers; particularly the palm tree. It produces a fruit extremely nutritious, which forms a chief article of subsistence to the sun-browned wanderers of the interior of Barbary and Egypt, is very delicious, and is a rare treat as a desert upon the boards of gentlemen in Europe and America.
This sketch is imperfect, but not incorrect. A passenger and a late hour must apologise for imperfection. I shall be glad to correspond with any gentlemen who feel and will take an interest in this subject, and, if circumstances allow, would willingly have a concern in an enterprise which I believe might, in process of time, be rendered very useful to our country.
Accept, sir, I pray you, the assurance of my considerate friendship and respect. WILLIAM EATON.
New-York, Sept. 5.
On Saturday last, one of the pilots of this port spoke a ship in the offing, from Ireland, that sailed from thence on the 22d July. The commander of her informed that the expedition sailed on 17th or 18th of July, and that the embargo was confined to the ports of England. He further stated, that the Russian army had joined the French; but, that negotiations for peace were still pending between France and Austria, and the general opinion was, that a peace would be concluded without another battle.
Baltimore, Sept. 6.
From the Danube, July 2.
They write from Vienna under date of June 29, that the French are making preparations to cross the river, so that a decisive battle is momentily expected to take place.
From Saxony, July 3.
The Austrians are driven from Saxony, in which their whole disposable force never exceeded 6,000 men.
Copenhagen, July 18.—On the 7th of July ten English vessels of war landed 400 men at Cuxhaven and Ritzbuttel, of which places they immediately took possession. It is said that the English have also landed some troops at Bremerlehe. On the 11th of July 18 English armed vessels were seen to lay off the mouth of the Elbe, apparently with troops on board. They have razed the fort at Ritzbuttel. The
duke of Brunswick, Oels, is still in Saxony.
From Elsinour.
Notwithstanding our anxious hopes, that American vessels with colonial produce, bona fide the property of American citizens, would be suffered to trade with us unresisted, which hopes were so strongly manifested that several American vessels have already entered our ports; it appears however that we have been deceived. American trade at this moment is entirely at an end. Nobody doubts that colonial produce of the first necessity belonging to neutrals, would have been freely received in our harbors & would have brought a good price, as the state of the market proves; it could be wished that American vessels, laden with colonial produce, the property of American citizens and coming direct from America, would be permitted to visit our ports.
Immediately after the embargo in America was taken off, we were told through an English channel that 150 vessels were ready with their cargoes to sail from different ports of the U. States bound to the Baltic. We soon after saw several vessels pass, bearing the U. S. colors, part of them under English convoy, and part otherwise; the latter were brought by our privateers into different ports of Denmark and Norway. Six vessels bearing the American flag, have been carried in; we have seen no more of them for these four weeks past. This quick termination of the arrivals of American vessels is easily comprehended. We entertain no doubt that their pretended American vessels are nearly connected with the rulers of the sea , and we are the more induced to believe it so, since the remainder of these spoken of vessels have ceased to arrive. It is more than probable that their near neighbors have advised them to stay at home.
WASHINGTON CITY.
FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 8.
The N. Y. Evening Post of the 4th inst. says, that "Mr. Madison, instead of imitating Mr. Jefferson and throwing obstacles in the way, was so polite and courteous as to cause the necessary directions to be given to the proper officers of the port of Norfolk, to render him (Mr. Jackson) every assistance in facilitating his landing."
We have no intention to deny that the civilities due to the minister of every foreign nation with whom we are not actually at war have been rendered to Mr. Jackson. But in what instance did Mr. Jefferson, during his administration ever throw an obstacle in the way of the reception of a British minister? In none whatever. It is presumed that allusion is made to the reception of Mr. Rose at Norfolk.—In this case there was a delay in the reception of the minister; but it was a delay of his own creation, on account of some doubt in his mind as to the treatment of the frigate in which he came, arising from the existing interdiction of British armed vessels the same which now exists. When the cause of difficulty was understood, so far from throwing obstacles in the way, instructions were immediately sent to the collector on the subject, which entirely satisfied Mr. Rose's scruples. Not only did he meet with an amiable reception, but it being understood that he was in the river on his way to Washington, a barge was sent down the river from the Navy Yard at this city to expedite his approach, and provision was made for his personal accommodation.
The civility or courtesy that is due from one government to the Representative of another, if displayed by Mr. Madison towards Mr. Jackson, has been no less displayed by the late President of the U. States towards that gentleman's predecessors.
DUELLING.—In this day's paper will be found an impressive address of an association lately organised in N. York for the suppression of this savage practice. As duels are more fostered by a desire of notoriety than perhaps any other cause, we would recommend, as an effectual method of prevention, a combination amongst Editors of newspapers to exclude from their papers all notices of duels or duellists. Every such notice is but a record of the barbarity of the times; for though to youthful and ardent spirits it appears a desirable object to be paraphrased from one end of the continent to the other, the frequent recurrence of duels can operate on reflecting minds in no other way than to excite pity for the weakness of human nature, which can be wrought up by the magic of fashion to doods so repugnant to the principles of humanity. It is under the influence of these feelings that we have rarely permitted ourselves to take any notice of a duel.
City Council.—We are requested to state that there is a determination amongst the citizens of the First and Second Wards of this City, to contest the late Election of the City Council; and we are further requested to state that this intimation is given to guard the citizens against being involved in any consequences which may ensue from the decision which may be made on the subject by the proper tribunal.
FOR THE NATIONAL INTELLIGENCER.
Was Great Britain bound by the act of Mr. Erskine?
An ambassador is a person sent in a public manner from one sovereign power to another, and he is the lawful representative of the party who sends him. Ambassadors are of two descriptions: 1. Special Envoys , who are ministers sent by the government of one nation to that of another, in order to settle some particular affair, or to regulate some particular business, such as the making a treaty, or the like. 2. Ministers resident and plenipotentiary , who are sent from one nation to attend constantly upon the courts of another nation, not to carry on any particular purpose, but to manage its business generally in those courts and to observe what passes there.
Mr. Erskine was minister resident and plenipotentiary near the U. States for Great Britain. The word " plenipotentiary " is derived from the French substantive plenipotencaire , which has its origin from the Latin adjective plenus , (full,) and the noun potentia , (power); signifying that the person who has the title of minister plenipotentiary , has full power from the nation of which he is the representative, to transact all sorts of business with the nation to which he is sent without any hindrance or reservation whatsoever.
To induce nations to which ambassadors are sent to place the necessary confidence in them, those ambassadors are furnished with certificates of appointment from the governments by whom they are deputed, which certificates are called letters of credence . These credentials are drawn up in the name of the sovereign, are signed by him, and must be delivered to the government near which the ambassador is to reside, before he will be received and acknowledged as the authorised minister of his nation.—Letters of credence contain a specification of the powers vested in the ambassador. If he is a special envoy , he is restricted to the negotiation of the particular business upon which he is delegated; but if he is a minister plenipotentiary , his powers are full, & there is no restriction at all. These credentials also comprise an exhortation to the government to whom they are addressed, in behalf of the ambassador who presents them, beseeching it "to give full credence to what he shall say."
A minister plenipotentiary, therefore, combines in his official character, and for the sphere in which he acts, all the powers of the sovereignty which he represents. What he does for his nation is done by his nation.
To this doctrine only one exception is admissible. The thing to which an ambassador binds his government must be probable and just ; otherwise the nation would not be definitively bound by the pledge of its representative; and it would be the folly of the government treating with the ambassador, to place any confidence in stipulations not likely to happen and not conformable to justice.
A complete illustration of the character of a minister plenipotentiary from one government to another, may be found in the familiar instance of a member of Congress. A delegate in the House of Representatives, is an ambassador for one portion of the people to consult with the delegates or ambassadors of other portions of the people in the National Legislature; his certificate of election is his letter of credence, which he delivers to the Speaker, (as a minister plenipotentiary delivers his letter of credence to the Executive,) before he is acknowledged; when he is accredited there is no longer any question as to his authority; his votes are invariably considered valid; and his acts conclusively bind the people whose representative he is. A minister may make a bad bargain, and a member of Congress may sanction a bad law; but for the sovereign of the first to violate the one, or for the people to refuse to obey the other, is rebellion against the jurisprudence and customs of nations in the monarch, and against the fundamental principles of society in the citizens. The only proper remedy for the sovereign, is negotiation; and for the people, a constitutional repeal of the act.
Thus, from facts, from custom, and from reason, it is manifest that the act of a minister plenipotentiary binds his government ; and if it were not so, it
would be impossible to treat with him, because there could never be any certain dependence on his declarations or on his actions. But neither fact, custom, nor reason, may be sufficient to satisfy scrupulous minds on this head; and, therefore, more fully to convince them of the conformity of this doctrine to the opinions recognized by all nations who admit the arbitrament of law, the most unequivocal authority is now produced. Rutherford, in his " Lectures on Grotius de Jure Belli et Pacis ," (Whitehall edition, pages 531 and 532, vol. 2,) says "What they [sovereigns] do by their deputies, such as envoys, ambassadors, or plenipotentiaries, is their own act; and consequently in respect of the nation it produces the same effect, as if they had done it themselves. In public compacts, which sovereign princes or other constitutional governors of a nation make by deputies or agents, the law of nature is the same, as in promises, which individuals make by proxy: what their deputies do under the authority of their public commissions binds their principals; even though they exceed some private instructions, which their principals had given them ." Nothing can be more explicit; and Rutherford is a writer of too exalted a reputation to require any recommendation. His " Institutes " are to be found in the library of every enlightened Englishman and American.
From all which it indisputably follows; as Mr. Erskine was the minister resident & plenipotentiary from G. Britain to the United States; as he was clothed with all the functions which that character includes; and as the arrangement which he entered into with the American government in April, 1809, was neither a thing improbable as it related to time, manner, or circumstance, nor unjust in its nature; that G. Britain was bound by the act of Mr. Erskine .
There has been drawn into this question a case which has no relation to it, and which, if it proves any thing, establishes the justness of the preceding reasoning. It has been said that the violation of Mr. Erskine's arrangement with America is excusable, because the President of the United States rejected Mr. Monroe's project of a treaty. To this apology for the British ministry it is sufficient to reply by appealing to the well known fact that this treaty was, at the time of signing it, not considered as obligatory until formally ratified; and in order that there should be no misunderstanding in this respect, there was inserted in the treaty the following special article, viz. Art. 26: "This treaty, when the same shall have been ratified by his majesty, and by the President of the United States, with the advice of their Senate, and the respective ratifications mutually exchanged, shall be binding and obligatory on his majesty, and on the said states." It may also be remarked, that all arrangements, compacts or agreements, which are subject to revision and rejection by the government of a nation whose ambassador has entered into them, contain a clause to that effect.
But a further answer to the apology set up for England presents itself.—Messrs. Monroe and Pinkney, previously to signing that treaty, "fully explained [to the British commissioners] the condition upon which they did proceed in the business, that is, that the American government would not be bound to ratify the treaty, if it should not be satisfied." There could, therefore, be no deception in the case of the rejected treaty, because the ministers of the United States informed the British commissioners that they had exceeded their instructions, and of course that what they signed was not to be considered binding on the government of the U. S.
The squabble which has been artfully introduced and mischievously fomented, on the question whether Mr. Canning or Mr. Erskine is most to blame, is a silly altercation, and an enquiry with which the American administration has nothing at all to do. Passing by subordinate agents, the government of the United States can see in the whole affair nothing but the sovereign power of the British nation, which alone must bear all the odium and all the dishonor of the transaction.
REGULUS.
† See the rejected treaty in the volume of public documents published by order of Congress in 1808-9, pages 161, 162.
‡ See the letter from Messrs. Monroe and Pinkney to the American Secretary of State, bearing date London, April 22, 1807—public documents of 1808-9, pages 184, 185, et passim .
Remarkable phenomenon in natural history.—In sinking a well, at Mr. Anthony Holmead's plantation, near Georgetown, at the depth of fifty-four feet, the workmen struck upon a substance, which, on examination, appears to be charcoal intermixed with sulphur, and some metallic substance
which gives it a shining appearance. The body of earth above these substances is clay of different kinds. The coal and sulphureous substances occupied from four to five feet in depth, after which the workmen came to a sandy bottom and water. Five or six of their laborers ended. Large pieces of coal intermixed with sulphur may be seen at this place. How can it be wood at such a depth in the earth? What turned it to charcoal? Was the surface of the earth ever so high as fifty-four feet below the present surface? Here is a vile but ingenious conjecture. I shall not enter into it at this time. But the facts we have stated may be depended on. Several respectable gentlemen from this town, with eyes well set of the circumambient, have preserved specimens of the various substances for the inspection of the curious.— Ind. Northern .
From the Witnes .
A few additional circumstances may be added to the foregoing account already published, concerning the late great battle on the Danube.
Mr. Henry Frendy, a passenger in the brig Inca , says, that about the 8th of July, the French ambassador at Hamburg communicated the event to the senate of that city, which was immediately published in French and German, in alternate pages—which can be read in the island of Synt; that he saw the details in the Danish papers, which were lengthy; that on the French side, no generals of note were killed, but on the Austrian several fell, whose names he cannot recollect; that previous to the battle, three bridges of an extraordinary kind were constructed, and rapidly finished, by sailors from Roulogie ; and that Archduke's retreat at the head of 40,000 men, was permitted in consequence of delivering various strong holds on the Danube; but he has no recollection of seeing in the accounts that were published, that Prince Charles was wounded. The Eutaw was to sail two days after the Inca; and he has no count of all the details, which are very lengthy, being received by her. The battle was fought near the ground on which those of the 21st and 22d of May were fought—the Archduke having fortified his camp in the strongest manner.
Extract of a letter from Mr. L. F. Von Hellen, dated
Hamburg, July 21, 1809.
It is reported here that an English expedition is destined for this part of the continent. If that should be the case, and the Elbe be open, vessels from your country might perhaps then proceed to Hamburg, or otherwise to Tonnigen. There are French Donaniers on the Weser, Jada and at East Friesland; but it is not yet determined what steps the Dutch government will take respecting American vessels.
To day all these prospects seem to vanish. It is reported here that the Austrians, after having been defeated by the French on the Danube, were compelled to sign an armistice very disadvantageous to them; French troops, it is said, are marching towards the coast, in order to prevent the British carrying on a trade.
In consequence of these reports, the prices of American and West India produce had risen considerably. A trade might, notwithstanding, be carried on to Tonnigen, and I advise you to do so, provided the British do not prevent you from it.
Charleston, August 29.
On Friday last, a bateaux with three men in it was upset along side of a fishing smack in our harbor, and in a moment an enormous SHARK caught one of the men, and no part of his body has since been found.
Two Tiger Sharks were caught on Sunday last on the market wharf; one of them was eleven and a half and the other ten and an half feet long.
ABSCONDED
FROM the Subscriber on Sunday evening the 27th of August, my apprentice, named GEORGE LATHAM, is between 16 and 17 years of age, about 5 feet 8 inches high, had on when he went away a round black hat nearly new, a drab colored coatee and blue velvet trousers. This is to warn all persons not to harbor said apprentice or trust him on my account, as I shall not be answerable for him, but shall prosecute those who do. I will give Six Cens. reward, but no other charges to any person who will deliver to the jail in Washington city said George Latham.
CHARLES VARDEN, New Jersey Avenue. September 3—3t
BENJAMIN ADAMSON, GARNET MAKER.
BEGS Leave to inform the public, that he has taken the second House, on Pennsylvania Avenue, west of the President's and formerly occupied by Mr. Wynn, where he intends carrying on his business in all its various branches, and that he has a considerable stock of FURNITURE, &c. on hand. Orders will be executed with punctuality and dispatch, and every exertion will be made to please those who may honor him with their custom.
B. A. has also a considerable quantity of MAHOGANY on hand, which he will dispose of on reasonable terms.
September 8—3t

PRINCIPAL OF AN ACADEMY AND PASTOR WANTED.
THE REV. W. L. TURNER, Principal of the Raleigh Academy, and Pastor of the city, having signified his intention of resigning his situation at the close of the present session, the Trustees of the Academy and the inhabitants of the city are desirous of procuring a suitable character to supply his place. To a Clergyman of finished education and unexceptionable moral character, a liberal salary will be given, or the whole profits of the Academy (after paying the Assistant Teachers) with a handsome subscription from the inhabitants of the city and neighborhood, for his services as a Clergyman.
The Academy has at present one hundred and fifty students, about six of whom are females, principally in the care of a female teacher, under the superintendence of the principal of the Academy (taught in separate buildings erected for the purpose on a four-acre square of the city, granted to the Trustees by the Legislature) and the number of students heretofore has annually increased.
Raleigh being the seat of government of North Carolina, a very healthy and pleasant situation, in the hilly country, containing a moral and respectable society, where every necessary of life can be had in plenty on reasonable terms, and where most of the principal inhabitants are guardians of the Academy. It is presumed that this seminary will always have a preference to any other Academy in the southern states.
A lady, of talents and acquirements equal to the undertaking, is also wanted to take charge of the Female Department of the Academy; and a Young Gentleman, suitably qualified, as an Assistant Teacher of the Latin and Greek Languages, &c.
Applications for any of these situations, made to the Trustees of the Raleigh Academy, by letter, post paid, will be duly attended to, and immediately answered, and such further information given as may be required.
N. JONES, President. Sept. 6-3w.
THE SUBSCRIBER, Having invented an improved STUCCO, or Vernaguna Calcareous Cement , intended as a covering for upright walls, offers the same to public notice.
It resembles stone, and in a very few days after it has been applied to a wall, it possesses a firmness as durable as stone itself. Team, wind or frost will not injure it, but rather accelerate the hardness of its texture.
The inventor will at present rely on its merit to bring it into use; and, that it may appear he is not palming an indifferent or useless article on the public, he deems it highly essential to the character of his stucco, to publish the following paragraphs contained in a letter he had the satisfaction to receive from B. H. LATROBE, Esq. Surveyor of the Public Buildings of the U. S. who has taken the trouble to examine its properties, and give his opinion upon it.
B. H. LATROBE, Esq. to HENRY HIRT, dated, "Washington, Aug. 25, 1809." "Dear Sir,"
"I have examined carefully the three specimens of calcareous cement, which you have sent me, and considered the ingredients of which they are composed. There is no doubt in my mind, that for the purpose of building and incrusting walls, calcareous cements are the only ones on which dependence can be placed in our climate, and your composition, if carefully prepared, and of good materials, has certainly all the principles from which durability must result."
In another part of his letter, Mr. Latrobe observes—
"Your other ingredients add undoubted durability to the Stucco, and among them, I do not know of one which is not advantageously employed."
"Your's truly, "B. H. LATROBE"
If any person of respectability is disposed to join with the inventor in the undertaking, and by an advance of funds promote its utility, such person will be received as a participant in the profits; and, should a patent be taken out, become a sharer in the right according to agreement. In the mean time a proper agent will be selected to superintend the fidelity of its application, if used within the district of Columbia, or at a moderate distance therefrom; and, that the more remote parts of the country may partake of the advantages of this Stucco, the principal ingredients will be prepared with written directions as a guide for its use.
Its qualities are, that it prevents the decay of old walls, gives them a new and handsome appearance, and will insure durability to new buildings, as well as secure them from leaking through walls, if any defects in the original workmanship or materials.
Letters post paid, addressed to the subscriber in the City of Washington, will receive immediate attention.
HENRY HIRT. Washington, Sept. 6-7t
Printers in commercial towns are requested to give the above a few insertions in their papers.
NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN, THAT the partnership heretofore existing between the subscribers, Silver Smiths and Clock and Watch Makers, under the firm of Bentley and Wood, was this day dissolved by mutual consent. All persons having claims on the concern, are requested to present the same to Wm. Wood for payment; and all persons indebted, are to pay their respective debts to him, he being authorised to close the partnership accounts.
JOS. BENTLEY, W. WOOD. Washington City, Navy-Yard, Aug. 30-2aw7t.
TWENTY DOLLARS REWARD.
ABSCONDED on the 21st of July last, from the subscriber, (manager at the farm of Mr. Isaac Ducket, on South river, near Annapolis) Negro TOM, a small black fellow, lost the sight of one eye. Had on when he absconded, osnaburg shirt and trousers. Any person taking up said Negro and bringing him to the subscriber, or securing him in jail, so that I get him again, shall receive the above reward.
This Negro was purchased of Capt. J. S. Brooks about five years since; it is probable he may be in the neighborhood of Upper Marlborough.
HENRY BASFORD. August 7-4t
ROMULUS RIGGS, Has just received and opening at his New Cash Store, a complete and well selected assortment of SEASONABLE AND FANCY GOODS, Which being purchased for money, gives him the opportunity of offering the same at Baltimore and Philadelphia Prices . As he is determined to sell for very small profits. He intends keeping on hand a good assortment of Goods, to be sold by the piece; and those who purchase to sell again, will be furnished at as low rates as they can purchase in any market in the United States, being determined to sell.
CASH GIVEN FOR TOBACCO inspected at the Georgetown Warehouse.
FOR RENT, THE upper part of the House I now occupy, which has six well finished Rooms, and every necessary back building, all newly furnished and in complete order—The rent will be low to a genteel family, if application is immediately made.
June 9-4t.
A FARM TO LET. To Let on shares, a Farm containing 61 acres, distant between 2 1/2 and 3 miles from the Centre Market House in this city. The situation very healthy. A person having a knowledge of Gardening and Fruit trees would be preferred.
Apply to JAMES HOBAN. August 23-
TO BE RENTED OR LEASED, THE Plantation I now live on, containing about 700 acres, with the Negroes, Stock, Plantation Utensils, &c. &c. The situation is healthy and convenient to market, being about 4 miles from the city of Washington, and 3 from Alexandria. Any person disposed to rent may view the premises and know the terms by applying to the Subscriber.
ANTHONY ADDISON. Barnaby, September 1-6t
TWENTY DOLLARS REWARD. RAN AWAY on Monday 21st August, 1809, from the Subscriber living in the lower end of Montgomery county, state of Maryland, near Vansville, a negro fellow named HARRY, about 21 years of age, about 5 feet 10 or 11 inches high, black complexion, hollow jawed and thin visage, red eyes and when examined has a downcast look—he had on and took with him an old white fur hat, a country striped cotton waistcoat, a white jacket with a spotted border, a pair of green corded pantaloons, one old Irish linen and one osnaburg shirt, one pair of country tow trousers, and a very large watch coat blanket. It is likely he may change his clothes and in all probability procure a pass and will endeavor to pass as a free man. I will give a reward of Ten dollars to any person who will secure said fellow in any jail so that I get him again, if within the state; and if out of the state, the above reward of 20 dollars, and all reasonable charges, if brought home will be paid by me.
JOHN JARBOE. N. B. All masters or owners of vessels are warned from harboring or carrying off said fellow, at their peril, as I am determined to prosecute any person guilty thereof. J. J. September 1-4t
VALUABLE FARM FOR SALE. I WILL sell the tract of land on which I reside, called BUSSARD ISLAND, lying on Patuxent river, in Calvert county, and nearly opposite to Benedict, containing by estimation, seven hundred three and a quarter acres of as fertile land as can be found in the state of Maryland, one third of which is in wood and very heavily timbered, and as well watered for the convenience of stock as any tract of its size in the state.
The arable part of this plantation is level and much of it covered with oyster shells, and is divided into three fields, each of which will produce two hundred barrels of corn with a reserve of prime tobacco land sufficient to grow fifty hogsheads of tobacco annually, and with very little labor more meadow may be reclaimed than will be found sufficient. No land can be better adapted to the growth of corn, tobacco and wheat, and few plantations hold out stronger inducements to stimulate an industrious man. It binds for a considerable distance on the river & lies nearly in a square. Fish, oysters, and wild fowl are to be had at all times. Stock of every description, particularly sheep, thrive and improve wonderfully when removed to this land, a convincing proof of the nutritious quality of the grass, which it produces in great abundance. The improvements are sufficient to accommodate a small family. A more particular description is not necessary, a purchaser will naturally view the premises. My price for the above tract of land is sixteen thousand dollars—one sixth part of the purchase money to be paid on the day of possession, and the balance in five equal annual payments, with interest from the day of sale.
I will sell at public sale on the 20th December next, in the town of Upper Marlborough, all the personal estate on the above premises, consisting of a number of valuable negroes, horses, mules, cattle, sheep & hogs, plantation utensils, household and kitchen furniture on a credit of twelve months, the purchaser giving bond with approved security; for all sums under $20 each will be required.
N. B. If the above tract of Land is not disposed of, it will be for rent the ensuing year.
RICHARD W. HARWOOD. Sept. 1-20 Dec.
NEW STORE.
THE Subscriber having opened a New Store in F street, between the Bank and the Treasury Office, has supplied himself with a variety of the best qualities of Cloths & Blankets suitable for the approaching season, and also of Calicoes, Ginghams, Muslins, Silk, Cotton and Worsted Hosiery, Morocco and Leather Shoes, Hats, &c. &c. where he invites his friends, and the public to make their purchases, and assures them they shall be supplied upon the most reasonable terms.
Cash, flour, corn, oats or whiskey, will be received in payment.
JOSEPH WHEATON. Washington City, Aug. 25-8t
EDUCATION;
THE REV. WALTER D. ADDISON of Georgetown, District of Columbia will board and instruct in the Latin and Greek Languages, Reading, Writing and Arithmetic, a few more Young Gentlemen, at sixty-five pounds per annum, payable quarterly in advance. Letters addressed to him at this place will be attended to.
Georgetown, August 21-2aw6t
TO BE SOLD AT PUBLIC AUCTION, At Northumberland court house, in the county of Northumberland, and state of Virginia, on Tuesday the 5th of September next, at 11 o'clock in the forenoon, five contiguous plantations, amounting together to about 2,700 acres, situate on the river Potomac, and within about three miles of the court house. These estates formerly belonged to Presley Thornton, Esq. and are the same on which he lived. They have never been seen by either of the subscribers, but it is understood, that about 1700 acres of them are as valuable low grounds as any on the river, and a considerable part thereof of heavily timbered. The uplands consist of about 1000 acres, and the whole is well calculated for the production of corn, wheat, tobacco, timothy and small grain of all kinds, in great abundance. The waters are said to abound with excellent fish, oysters and wild fowl. The water carriage is easy and convenient to Norfolk, Baltimore, Alexandria and the city of Washington; and as these estates possess several good mill seats, with an abundance of water and a plentiful supply of timber, they must be very valuable.
The premises will be shown to persons inclining to purchase, by col. James Moore, who lives on them, or by Samuel Blackwell, Esq. who lives near to them; and the terms of payment may be known a sufficient time before the sale, by applying to either of them, or to THOMAS ROBINSON, Near Chester, Delaware, Or to W. LEWIS, at Phila. June 7-4ds.
FIVE DOLLARS REWARD.
STRAYED or Stolen, about a month since, from the Commonss in the Western part of this city,
A BAY HORSE, six years old, about 14 hands 1 inch high, a natural trotter, short made, shod before, white hind feet, and a few saddle marks. Whoever will return said Horse to the Subscriber near F street, shall be entitled to the above Reward, with reasonable charges.
O. B. BROWN. August 21-3t
LANDS IN THE STATES OF OHIO AND KENTUCKY
FOR SALE.
BY Virtue of the Last Will and Testament of Robert Means, deceased, the subscriber offers for sale, all the Lands of the testator in the states of Ohio & Kentucky. As there is a large quantity of these Lands, and the quality in general good, they are well worth the attention of all persons desirous of purchasing Lands in those parts of the country. The tracts are of various sizes, and consequently calculated to suit purchasers of all descriptions. Further information respecting the said Lands may be obtained from Mr. Walter Dun, residing in, or near the town of Chillicothe in the State of Ohio.
DANIEL CALL, Executor of the last will & testament of Robert Means, dec'd. Richmond, July 19-4t
A VALUABLE FARM FOR SALE.
WILL be sold in pursuance of the last Will and Testament of Samuel Turner, Esq. deceased, at Public Sale on the premises on the 15th day of November next (if not previously disposed of, and in case of sale notice will be given) that very valuable Farm in Montgomery county late the residence of the said deceased; containing about Seven Hundred Acres of Land, Three Hundred Acres at least in wood and fine timber; the residue under good enclosures and every acre arable; lays level and remarkably well for cultivation and may be made very rich in a few years by the use of plaster and clover; in fact, it is as desirable a farm as any in the county of its size and may be very conveniently divided to accommodate purchasers; it lies about 18 miles from Georgetown and the city of Washington, five from Montgomery court house and within three miles of the Potomac River.
A further description is deemed unnecessary, as it is presumed that those inclined to purchase will view the property.
The terms of sale, which will be accommodating, may be known by applying to the subscribers living in Georgetown, district of Columbia, or will be made known on the day of sale.
THO: TURNER, SAML. TURNER, Executors. July 28-4ds
PATENT KNAPSACKS.
THE Subscriber having obtained from the United States, a patent for an improved KNAPSACK, which in point of durability and convenience, has been pronounced by the best judges infinitely superior to any hitherto in use. The officers of the different volunteer companies in the United States, are respectfully solicited to adopt them. They may be had in any quantity, and will be sold on the most reasonable terms by JOHN P. LIBERTE, 81, Maiden Lane, New-York.
To whom applications addressed by post may be made, or to B. H. Latrobe, at the city of Washington. May 19-ep4m. By Montgomery county, Orphans Court, August 16, 1809.
ORDERED by the court that the executors of Samuel Turner late of Montgomery county, deceased, give the notice required by law for the creditors of the said deceased to exhibit their claims and that the notice be given in the National Intelligencer, city of Washington.
Test SOLOMON HOLLAND, Reg
THIS is to give notice that the Subscribers of Georgetown and District of Columbia, have obtained from the Orphans Court of Montgomery county Maryland, Letters Testamentary on the Personal Estate of Samuel Turner, late of Montgomery county deceased—all persons having claims against the said deceased are hereby warned to exhibit the same with the vouchers thereof to the subscribers, at or before the 21st day of February next, they may otherwise by law be excluded from all benefit of the said estate.
Given under our hands this 21st day of August 1809. THOS. TURNER, } Executors. SAML. TURNER, } August 21-4w
MONEY LOST. ABOUT the 20th of July last, a Letter containing two bank notes of one hundred dollars each, was put into the Post-office at Winchester, directed to Joseph Janney, Alexandria, which letter has not been received, and is supposed to have been (by mistake) put under a wrong cover, or may have been misdirected, and gone to a post-office different from that to which it was intended to be sent. It is therefore requested of the different post masters throughout the U. S. if any letter directed to Joseph Janney, should come under their notice, that they send the same either to him, or to the subscriber. If the letter has in any way fallen into private hands, I will give fifty dollars reward for the money and no questions asked.
DANIEL LEE. Winchester, Sept. 4-4t.
CHARLES J. NOURSE Offers for sale—Chateaux Margaux Claret in boxes of 1 dozen. Genuine Old London Particular wine in half pipes and quarter casks. Best Sallad Oil in baskets of 6 bottles each, &c. &c. &c. George Town, May 24-4t.
COMMERCIAL COMPANY.
In store, and landing from on board the Ceres, capt. Weeks, and for sale on the usual terms. MUSCOVADO Sugar, Rum, Gin, Cogniac Brandy, Coffee, Imperial, Hyson & Y Hyson Tea, Almonds Nutmegs, Cloves, Mace, Cinnamon, Pepper, Ginger, Spermaceti and Tallow Candles, Soap, Pig Blue—Mess and Prime Pork, Corks, Sheet Iron, Tin, and a few boxes of Pipes—Gunpowder and shot. Also, Maderia, Marseilles, Lisbon, Sherry, Catalonia & Claret Wine. JOSEPH FORREST, Prest. Aug. 11-20w3w.
NOTICE TO COTTON SPINNERS.
THE Manufacturing Company of the city of Washington, have erected a machine for carding Cotton on Pennsylvania Avenue, fourth house west of President's Square, where Spinners can be supplied with good Cotton, soaped, cleaned and carded into rolls 24 inches long, for 40 cents per pound.
I want a good Weaver (of Cotton goods,) to whom constant employment will be given, or a Family accustomed to Carding, Spinning by Billies and Jennies, and Weaving.
Also, three Slaves, viz. one to work a carding machine, one to do house work, and a girl to attend children—Should prefer those from the country.
J. GARDINER, Superintendent. Pennsylvania Avenue, August 22, 1809.
THIS IS TO GIVE NOTICE,
THAT the subscriber of Worcester county, hath obtained from the Orphans Court of Worcester county in Maryland, Letters of Administration on the personal estate of John Cutler late of Worcester county, deceased—all persons having claims against the said deceased, are hereby warned to exhibit the same with the vouchers thereof to the Subscriber, at or before the 1st day of April next, or they may by law be excluded from all benefit of the said estate.
Given under my hand this 22d day of August, Anno Domini, 1809. ROWLAND E. BEVANS, Adm'r. of John Cutler, deceased. September 6-2aw3w
NOTICE.
THE subscribers to the Bank of Washington , may receive their receipts for Stock subscribed, and their return money on Friday 8th inst. at Long's hotel, between the hours of 10 A. M. and 3 P. M.
Notice is further given that an election for Twelve Directors will be held at Long's hotel on Wednesday 13th inst. from 9 A. M. to 3 P. M. agreeably to the Articles of Association.
By order of the Commissioners. JOEL BARLOW, Ch. September 6-4t
CITY LOTS FOR SALE.
THE undermentioned lots of ground are offered for sale, either separately or by squares, on liberal terms either for cash or on credit; they are all free from mortgage or incumbrance, and are subject to no litigation or contest as the titles are derived by immediate conveyance from the Chancellor of Maryland and the commissioners of Washington to Messrs. Henry Pratt, Thomas Willing Francis, John Miller, jur. John Ashley, and Jacob Baker of the Aggregate Fund.
Square No. 54 Lot no 9 sq 72. Lots no 3 4 8 10 12 13 14 15 18 sq 84 Lot no 1 2 3 4 5 Lots no 20 21 22—Sq 103 Lots no 7 8—Sq 145 Lots no 1 2 7 8—Sq 146 Lots no 1 2 3 Sq 147 Lot no 4 Sq 163 Lots no 5 6 7 12 13 14 sq 258 Lots no 6 7 10 11 12 15 16 Sq 293 Lots no 1 2 3 7 8 11 12 13 18 Sq 349 Lots no 1 2 3 Sq 376 Lots no 16 17 18 sq 409 Lots no 3 4 7 8 9 17 18 Sq 487 Lots no 5 6 7 10 Sq 488 Lot 8 7 12 Sq 489 Lots 5 6 9 Sq 491 Lots 10 11 12 16 19 20 24 sq 493 Lots no 7 8 Sq 494 Lots no 8 9 10 Sq 531 Lots 3 4 8 11 12 13 14 Sq 533 Lots no 13 15 16 17—Sq 584 Lots no 1 2 3 4 22 23 24 Sq 528 whole square Balf of 590 whole square. Sq 635 Lots no 1 2 3 5 6 9 10 Sq 638 Lots no 1 2 3 Sq 639 Lot no 1 Sq 640 Lots no 1 2 3 4 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Sq 641 whole square Sq 642 Lots no 1 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Balf of 643 Lot no 2 South of 643 Lots no 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 sq 644 Lots no 1 5 7 West of 645 whole square Sq 878 Lots no 16 17 18 19 20 sq 973 Lots no 4 5 6 7 8 20 21 sq 995 Lots no 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 South of 1019 Lots no 1 2 3 Sq 1020 Lots no 1 2 3 4 5 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 sq 1041 Lot no 1 sq 1022 Lot no 2 Sq 1023 Lots no 4 5 7 8 9 10 Sq 1024 Lots no 1 3 7 sq 1045 Lots no 9 10 12 sq 1046 Lots no 2 14 15 sq 1047 Lots no 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 19 20 sq 1048 Lot no 7 8 9 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 Persons disposed to purchase are desired to apply to
JAMES GREENLEAF, or in his absence to SAM. ELLIOTT, JR. Greenleaf's Point, June 28-4w3w8t
NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN,
THAT the Trustees of Charlotte Hall School have abandoned the scheme of a Lottery heretofore proposed by them; and that purchasers of tickets are invited to apply for their money to the persons from whom they bought their tickets.
Signed by order, NEALE H. SHAW, Reg. Cool Springs—Aug. 28-w3t.
PROSPECTUS OF A NEW REPUBLICAN NEWSPAPER,
To be established in Fredericktown, Maryland, entitled,
"THE FREEMAN OF FREDERIC."
FINIS CORONAT OPUS.
The support of the united republican interest of Frederic county and the state at large is solicited in favor of a decided, independent and inlexible Democratic press, conducted upon the broad and liberal basis of republicanism. In this county most particularly, the utility of, and even necessity for, a newspaper which, combining energy with perseverance and intelligence with application, shall constitute a faithful auxiliary to the Republican platform, must appear manifest to every friend of sound principles.
To enable an Editor, therefore, satisfactorily to consummate the views of such an engagement, it is highly important, nay indispensable, that such patronage be yielded, as shall secure him from pecuniary embarrassment, and afford him at the same time, a certain recompence for the toils he must sustain, and the sacrifices of time and comfort, which it will become his duty to make, to his friends, and to the principles he binds himself to cherish and promote. That support, he confidently believes, will be awarded him. He predicates this confidence upon the patriotism and liberality of the republicans of this county, manifested in more than one instance, on similar occasions. But, as he who proposes to be your Editor, is yet a stranger in the county; and as some anxiety will naturally be excited, and enquiry made, as well in regard to his political as to his moral character—and as an unreserved announcement of the leading features of the proposed establishment, independent of the sanction of custom which it bears, may materially subserve the plan in view, he here submits them, undigested and palpable.
The Editor is a native American, proud and tenacious of his birth-right—who, since reason adjusted the balance of his mind, has ever been devotedly attached to the honest cause of republicanism—to the policy which dictated the measures of the past & present administration to the general government—to a pure system of democracy; and to the sacred and immutable principles which actuated the patriots and sages of our revolution, and stimulated by which they achieved that independence which too many of their unworthy descendants enjoy but to abuse!
Professing sentiments and feelings such as these, it were idle waste of words to declare what shall be the bias of "The Freeman," was it not the earnest desire of the Editor to leave no room for doubt, on even the most immaterial point. It will, however, be sufficient in this place to state, that, to detect and to correct error—to defeat the machinations of ambitious and restless spirits—to inculcate the great and sublime tenets of republicanism—and to diffuse throughout the sphere in which it is destined to move, a thorough and correct knowledge of men and measures—is the primary and chief design of this establishment. But let it be distinctly understood, that, so long as the Editor shall have power to resist, so long will he repel all undue influence, as an encroachment on the prerogatives of his station—and never, whilst under his charge, shall "The Freeman" be subject to any authority or control in its plan as a public journal, save the authority of the laws, and the individual control of the Editor—aided and assisted by truth, justice, liberality, and decorum—with such aids, in a just cause, much may be expected, and more may be done.
Having rehearsed the chief points of his creed, and having likewise explained in a summary way, the thing contemplated, the Editor deems it useless to enlarge upon the feasibility or merits of the undertaking, or to multiply professions—willing to rest the purity and success of his views upon the judgment and liberality of the independent voters of the county—and remains amply satisfied, that they will come forward freely in support of an institution which promises to be of much immediate consequence in promoting that cause which every friend to the freedom of his country is in duty bound to support.
SAMUEL MAGILL.
TERMS OF PUBLICATION. "The Freeman of Frederic," will be issued every Thursday evening to subscribers in town; those at a distance will receive it through the customary channels.
Subscription per year, two DOLLARS—one half in advance, the other in six months.
During the month of September, in each year, the paper will be published twice a week free of extra expense.
The paper will commence early in the month of September. Sept. 4-
NOTICE. The subscriber has commenced the practice of the LAW, and opened an office in the town of Upper Marlborough, Prince George's county.
THOS. G. ADDISON. Aug. 30-cp5w.
FIVE DOLLARS REWARD.
LOST a silver watch, No. 834, maker's name James I. Hall, Whitehaven.—Whoever returns said watch to this office shall receive the above reward. Sept. 4-3t
PUBLIC SALE.
THE Sale at the Washington Bridge has been postponed on account of the weather, until FRIDAY the 8th. On which day, if fair, if not the next fair day, will be sold, a Sleigh, Boats, Sleds, Tools, Blankets, &c.
Terms of sale, cash for all sums under twenty dollars, and notes with good endorsers at 60 days for all sums over this amount.
By order of the President and Directors, SAM. ELIOT. N. L. & H. M. QUEEN, Auctioneers. September 4-3t