The national intelligencer and Washington advertiser. (Washington City [D.C.]), 1807-08-10 00:00:00

NATIONAL INTELLIGENCER,
AND WASHINGTON ADVERTISER.
VOL. VII.
WASHINGTON CITY, PRINTED BY SAMUEL HARRISON SMITH, PENNSYLVANIA AVENUE.
No. 1064.
FIVE DOLLARS PER ANNUM
MONDAY, AUGUST 10, 1807.
PAID IN ADVANCE
From the Public Advertiser.
Of the comparative powers and efficiency of ships of war, gun boats, & fortifications.
The natural defence by men is common to all nations; but artificial defence as an auxiliary to human strength must be adopted to the local condition and circumstances of a country. What may be suitable to one country, or in one state of circumstances, may not be so in another.
The U. States have a long line of coast of more than two thousand miles, every part of which requires defence, because every part is approachable by water.
The right principle for the U. S. to go upon as a water defence for the coast is that of combining the greatest practical power with the least possible bulk; that the whole quantity of power may be better distributed through the several parts of such an extensive coast.
The power of a ship of war is altogether in the number and size of the guns she carries, for the ship, of itself, has no power. Ships cannot struggle with each other like animals—and besides this, as half her guns are on one side the ship and half on the other, and as she can use only the guns on one side at a time, her real power is only equal to half her number of guns. A 74 can use only 37 guns. She must tack about to bring the other half into action, and while she is doing this she is defenceless and exposed.
As this is the case with ships of war, a question naturally arises therefrom, which is, whether 74 guns, or any other number, cannot be more effectually employed, and that with much less expense, than by putting them all into one ship of such enormous bulk that it cannot approach a shore either to defend it or attack it—and though the ship can change its place, the whole number of guns can be only in one place at a time, and only half that number can be used at a time.
This is a true statement of the case between ships of war and gun boats for the defence of a coast and of town situated near a coast. In the case often is, that men are led away by the greatness of an idea and not by the justness of it. This is always the case with those who are advocates for navies and large ships.
A gun boat carrying as heavy metal as a ship of one hundred guns can carry, is a one gun ship of the line; and 74 of them which would cost much less than a 74 gun ship would cost, would be able to follow a 74 gun ship out of the water. They have, in the use of their guns, double the power of the ship, that is, they have the use of their whole number of 74 to 37.
Having thus stated the general outline of the subject I come to particulars.
That I might have correct data to go upon with respect to the expense of ships and gun boats, I wrote to the head of one of the departments at Washington for information on that subject.
The following is the answer I received:
"Calculating the cost of a 74 or 100 gun ship, from the actual cost of the ship U. States of 42 guns, built at Philadelphia between the years 1795 and 1799, which amounted to $500,000 dollars, it may be presumed that a 74 gun ship would cost 500,000 dollars, and a 100 gun ship 700,000 dollars."
"Gun boats calculated merely for the defence of harbors and rivers will, on an average, cost about 4000 dollars each when fit to receive the crew and provisions."
On the data here given I proceed to state comparative calculations respecting ships and gun boats.
The ship U. S. cost 500,000 dollars—Gun boats cost 4000 dollars each, consequently the 500,000 dollars expended on the ship for the purpose of getting the use of 42 guns, and those not heavy metal, would have built 75 gun boats, each carrying a cannon of the same weight of metal that a ship of an 100 guns can carry. The difference therefore is, that the gun boats give the use of 31 guns heavy metal, more than can be obtained by the ship and the expenses in both cases equal.
A 74 gun ship cost 500,000 dollars.—This same money will build 125 gun boats. The gain by gun boats is the use of 51 guns more than can be obtained by expending the money on a ship of 74 guns.
The cost of an 100 gun ship is 700,000 dollars. This money will build 175 gun boats. The gain, therefore, by the boats is the use of 75 guns more than by the ship.
Though I had a general impression, ever since I had knowledge of gun boats, that any given sum of money would go farther in building gun boats than in building ships or war, and that gun boats were preferable to ships for home defence, I did not suppose the difference was so great as the calculations above given prove them to be, for it is almost double in favor of gun boats. It is as 175 to 100. The cause of this difference is easily explained.
The fact is, that all that part of the expense in building a ship from the deck upward, including mast, yards, sails, & rigging is saved by building gun boats which are moved by oars, or a light sail occasionally.
The difference also in point of repairs between ships of war and gun boats is not only great but is greater in proportion than in their first cost. The repairs of ships of war is annually from 1/14 to 1/10 of their first cost. The annual expense of the repairs of a ship that cost 500,000 dollars will be above 21,000 dollars—the greatest part of this expense is in her sail and rigging which gun boats are free from.
The difference also in point of duration is great. Gun boats, when not in use, can be put under shelter and preserved from the weather, but ships cannot—or the boats can be sunk in the water or the mud. This is the way the nuts of cider mills for grinding apples are preserved. Were they to be exposed to the dry and hot air after coming wet from the mill they would crack and split and be good for nothing. But timber under water will continue sound several hundred years, provided there be no worms.
Another advantage in favor of gun boats is the expedition with which a great number of them can be built at once. An hundred may be built as soon as one of them are hands enough to set about them separately. They do not require the preparations for building them that ships require, nor deep water to launch them in. They can be built on the shore or shallow water—or they might be framed in the woods or forests and the parts brought separately down and put together on the shore. But ships take up a long time building. The ship U. S. took up two whole years 95 and 97, and part of the years 95 and 96, and all this for the purpose of getting the use of 42 guns, and those not heavy metal. This foolish affair was not in the days of the present administration.
Ships and gun boats are for different services. Ships are for distant expeditions—gun boats for home defence. The one for the ocean—the other for the shore.
Gun boats being moved by oars cannot be deprived of motion by calms, for the calmer the weather the better for the boat. But a hostile ship becalmed in any of our waters, can be taken by gun boats moved by oars, let the rate of the ship be what it may. A 100 gun man of war becalmed, is like a giant in a dead palsy. Every little fellow can kick him.
The U. S. ought to have 500 gun boats stationed in different parts of the coast, each carrying a 24 or 36 pounder. Hostile ships would not then venture to lie within our waters, were it only for the certainty of being sometimes becalmed. They would then become prizes, and the insulting bullies on the ocean become prisoners in our own waters.
Having thus stated the comparative powers and expense of ships of war & gun boats, I come to speak of fortifications.
Fortifications may be comprehended under two general heads.
First, fortified towns—that is, towns enclosed within a fortified polygon, of which there are many on the continent of Europe, but not any in England.
Secondly, simple forts and batteries. These are not formed on the regular principles of fortification, that is, they are not formed for the purpose of standing a siege as a fortified polygon is. They are for the purpose of obstructing or annoying the progress of an enemy by land or water.
Batteries are formidable in defending narrow passes by land; such as the passage of a bridge, or of a road cut through a rough and craggy mountain that cannot be passed any where else. But they are not formidable in defending water passes, because a ship with a brisk wind, and tide running at the rate of ten miles an hour will be out of the reach of the fire of the battery in fifteen or twenty minutes, and being a swift moving object all the time, it would be a mere chance that any shot struck her.
When the object of a ship is that of passing a battery for the purpose of attaining or attacking some other object it is not customary with the ship to fire at the battery lest it should disturb her course. Three or four men are kept on deck to attend the helm, and the rest, having nothing to do, go below. Duckworth in passing the Dardanelles up to Constantinople did not fire at the batteries.
When batteries for the defence of water passes can be erected without any great expense, and the men not exposed to capture, it may be very proper to have them. They may keep off small practical vessels, but they are not to be trusted to for defence. Fortifications give, in general, a delusive idea of protection. All our principal losses in the revolutionary war were occasioned by trusting to fortifications. Fort Washington with a garrison of 2,500 men was taken in less than four hours and the men prisoners of war. The same fate had befallen Fort Lee on
the opposite shore, if Gen. Lee had not moved hastily off and gained Hackensack bridge. Gen. Lincoln fortified Charleston S. C. and himself and his army were made prisoners of war. Gen. Washington began fortifying New York in '76, Gen. Howe passed up the East River, landed his army at Frog's Point about 20 miles above the city and marched down upon it, and had not Gen. Washington silently and suddenly off on the north side of York Island, himself and his army had also been prisoners. Trust not to fortifications, otherwise than as batteries that can be abandoned at discretion.
The case however is, that batteries, as a water defence against the passage of ships cannot do much. Were any given number of guns to be put in a battery for that purpose, and an equal number of the same weight of metal put in gun boats for the same purpose, those in the boats would be more effectual than those in the battery. The reason for this is obvious. A battery is stationary. Its fire is limited to about two miles, and there its power ceases. But every gun boat moved by oars is a moveable fortification that can follow its fire and change its place and its position as circumstances may require. And besides this, gun boats in calms are the sovereign of ships.
As this matter interests the public, and most probably will come before Congress at its next meeting, if the printers in any of the states, after publishing it in their newspapers, have a mind to publish it in a pamphlet form, together with my former piece on gun boats, they have my consent freely. I take neither copy-right nor profit for any thing I publish.
COMMON SENSE.
Baltimore, Aug. 3. COPY.
The deposition of John Callier, Esq. a justice of the peace, and colonel of the militia in the county of Washington and Mississippi Territory, taken before Harry Toulmin, one of the judges of the said Territory, at Washington, in the said county.
The day after col. Burr was arrested, near Fort Stoddert, Mr. Robert Ashley, who had come to the Tombigbee settlement with colonel Burr, came to my house, accompanied by Mr. Thomas Malone:—I had been just before apprized by a note from Mr. Malone, sent to me at my quarter, that Mr. Burr was come to this country, and was arrested; that Ashley was at my house; but that he knew nothing of the arrest of col. Burr. On my reaching the house I found that Mr. Ashley was gone to bed; and Mr. Malone acquainted me more fully with the circumstances, but informed me that he could get no disclosure from him of their intention. I mentioned to him that I had known Mr. Ashley several years ago, and that as I was satisfied that his object in coming to see me, was to prevail on me to join in their plans, I should have no difficulty in finding out what they were. The next morning I enquired after Mr. Ashley, about the news, and particularly with respect to col. Burr; and was then informed by him that col. Burr was in this country. After breakfast we rode together to Wakefield; he then informed me that he was in the plans of col. Burr; that he had come to see me, to ascertain if I would join him in the plan; I told him that if it was nothing against government, nor touching on the strings of government, I would do every thing that should tend to relieve us from our oppression. He told me that it was not col. Burr's plan to touch on the strings of government; that gen. Wilkinson had deceived him; that they were to have met at such a time at Baton Rouge; that Burr was to be the first in command; general Wilkinson to be second; that he was to have joined him (Burr) with the federal army; that the soldiers were to have double pay, and that some of the officers of the army, but very few of them, were in the plan; that some small censure having taken place with respect to gen. Wilkinson, was the reason that he had shifted his coat, and made all that great bustle; that the object of the plan was to take Baton Rouge in the first place, and from thence to proceed to Mobile, Pensacola and Augustine; reduce the posts there, and form a republican government; that he had already prepared the laws; that they were so simple and excellent that they would suit from a ten year old boy to an old man; and that like the laws of the Medes and Persians, they would be unalterable; that the people of the U. S. from the Alleghany westward, and down to the sea, would be invited to come into the new republic; and that the ports of this republic would be opened free to all the world; that he had got in with England, so that she would furnish a fleet of 12 sail, which would join him as soon as he had got possession of the Floridas, and he commanded by captain Truxton that as soon as he had got the country out of the power of Spain, a negotiation was to be opened with England, and England was to acknowledge their independence; that after he had
done this, he was to go to Mexico, where the co-operation of the Spanish officers had been secured, who were tired of their own government, and ripe for a revolution; that the Spanish minister Yrujo; and that the Spanish officers in Florida were likewise concerned; and that Mr. Burr had frequent long conversations with Yrujo upon the subject; that general Wilkinson had so much disappointed him, that he had turned his attention entirely to this quarter; that we were so much oppressed by the Spaniards, and so utterly neglected by our own government, that he knew we must be disposed to vindicate our own rights by an attack on the Spanish possessions; and that if I and major Brown, and major Buford, would join in supporting him, that he (Ashley) would immediately set off and procure seventeen hundred men, and march them into this country, where they would be met by col. Burr, who was then on his way to the Federal City, but would return without delay; that the 1700 men were actually engaged and ready to start when called upon—but were scattered in different settlements from the Natchez upwards, and that twelve thousand more were ready engaged. On reaching Wakefield, I arrested the said Ashley, believing that I had got every thing out of him that I could. He continued in custody three or four days, and then escaped.
JNO CALLIER.
Sworn to and subscribed the 30th of May, 1807.
HARRY TOULMIN.
TRIAL OF A. BURR
(Continued by adjournment and held at the Capitol in the Hall of the House of Delegates, for high treason against the U. States. August 30, 1807.
Present—JOHN MARSHALL, Chief Justice of the U. S.
The court assembled at 12 o'clock.—An immense concourse of citizens attended to witness the proceedings of this important trial.
A few minutes after A. Burr entered attended by Messrs. Wickham, Martin, Botts and Baker, and Mr. Alston of South Carolina. Mr. E. Randolph entered soon afterwards.
Messrs. Hay, Wirt, and McRae attended as counsel for the prosecution.
Mr. Hay observed that he could take no steps in this business, until he had ascertained whether the witnesses summoned on the part of the U. S. were present; he therefore requested, that their names might be called over.
Their names were accordingly called in the following order:
 * Thomas Truxton, *Stephen Decatur, *Benjamin Stoddert, *William Eaton, *H. M. Duane *Erick Bollman, *Peter Taylor, *Jacob Alburtis, *Charles Willie, *John Graham, *Samuel Swartwout, *Julien Dupre, *P. H. M. Prevost, Israel Miller, *Samuel Skouten, *George Morgan, *John Morgan, *Thomas Morgan, *Nicholas Perkins, *Robert Spence, *George Harris, *Cyrus Jones, *Thomas Peterkin, Elias Glover, *Simeon Poole, *Dudley Woodbridge, *David C. Wallace, *Edmund B. Dana, James Reid, *John G. Henderson, *Alexander Henderson, *Hugh Phelps, *Jacob Dumbough, *Chandler Linsley, *John Mulholland, *James Knox, *William Love, David Risk, *Thomas Bartley, *Stephen S. Welch, *James Kinney, *Samuel Moxley, *Edmond P. Gaines, *Ambrose D. Smith, George Peters, Abner J. Duncan, Lewis Kerr, John A. Fort, *Benjamin H. Latrobe, Cowles Meade, Thomas Fitzpatrick, Thomas Butler, Robert A. New, Thomas T. Davis, Syilas Dinsmore, Owen Alston, William Davis, E. Kirby, Theodore Brightwell, John Callier, Dr. Bennett, Earl Sproat, Robert Wallace, Walter Putnam, John Dana, Alexander Ralston, Mrs. Vanhorne, Henry Jacobs, Ransome Peale, Hamlin Hicks, Phoebe Wooster, John Blair, James Mc Dowell, Samuel N. Luckett, Stockley D. Hayes, Samuel W. Butler, Walter C. Davidson, John Barry, Thomas H. Cushing, Nathaniel Evans, Jacob Jackson, William Pratt, William White, Jared Brooke, Morgan Nevill, Thos. Callis, Mc. Peterson, Lieut. Swearingen, Mr. Weaver, Col. Osmund, Major M. Porter, J. B. Walbach, Mr. Vanhorne, Dr. Charmichael, Dr. Alston, Col. P. Read, John Wilkins, Stephen Woolberton, David McKey, Hugh Allen, William Davis. 
Those were present, whose names are printed in Italics . The rest were absent. Such as have a * prefixed to their names, were recognized at the former meeting of the court. The rest were not. Of course, most or all of those, whose names are placed after that of H. Latrobe, have been subpoenaed since the adjournment of the court.
Mr. Hay begged leave to mention, that he had nothing more to submit to the court this day. It was his duty to furnish the accused with a list of the jurors, with their places of residence; and also of the witnesses. But there were many of the witnesses, of whose places of residence he was completely
ignorant; several had not appeared; many had been merely pointed out to him by the attorney general for the U. S. It was clearly impossible for him to make out those lists, before the day after to-morrow.
The Chief Justice enquired then to what day it would be proper to adjourn the court.
Mr. Hay could not positively state, by what day, he should be able to prepare his lists.
Mr. Burr observed, that it was not very probable, he should avail himself of any privileges which he might derive from any delay which had occurred in the furnishing him with the list of the jurors; and therefore the court might adjourn it to any day, which was convenient to the attorney for the U. S. Neither was it probable that he should avail himself of any objections which might be made to the correctness of the names of the jurors or their places of residence, as stated in the list; unless certain circumstances might occur after the production of the list, on which he ought to found objections to it.
A short conversation then ensued upon the day of adjournment, when Mr. Burr observed that such a measure would seem in some measure to depend upon his own consent, he should not hesitate to consent to an adjournment, provided it did not extend farther than Wednesday.
Mr. Hay had no objection to that day.
Mr. Hay observed that it might be proper to have the names of the jury also called over, though not to impanel them at present. It would be premature now to impanel them as the opposite counsel had not yet possessed a sufficient time to examine the list, and as the witnesses for the U. S. were not present.
The names of the jurors were accordingly called.
The names of the jurors summoned from Wood County to appear before the judges of the court of the U. S. for the fifth circuit in the Virginia District, on the 3d day of August, 1807, for the trial of Col. A. Burr.
 H. Kiah Buckley, James G. Laidley, James Henderson, James Compton, Hamilton Morrison, Yates S. Conwell, Jacob Rescor, William Prince, Niturad Saunders, Thomas Creek, Anthony Buckner, David Creek. 
Wood County, District of Virginia. JOSEPH SCOTT, Marshal.
List of Petit Jurors for May Circuit Term, 1807—Continued.
Names of the jurors summoned from the body of the District of Virginia, for the trial of Col. A. Burr.
 John Horace Upshaw, Essex. Wm. Pope, Powhatan. Peyton Randolph, Richmond City. John Bowe, Hanover. John Roberts, Culpepper. Joshua Chaffin, Amelia. Jarvis Storr, Henrico. Miles Selden, do. Lewis Truchart, Hanover. Wm. Yancey, Pittsylvania. Thomas Prosser, Henrico. John Staples, Albemarle. Edward C. Stanard, do. Richard B. Goode, Chesterfield. Nathaniel Selden, Henrico. Esme Smock, do. Wm. Wardlaw, Richmond City. Richard E. Parker, Westminster. John W. Ellis, Hanover. Thomas Stark, do. Wm. White, do. Wm. B. Chamberlayne, Henrico. David Lambert, Richmond City. Randolph Harrison, Cumberland. Wm. Hoomes, Caroline. Overton Anderson, Richmond City. Hugh Mercer, Spottsylvania. David Bullock, Richmond City. Jerman Baker, Cumberland. Edward Carrington, City Richmond. Robert Haskins, Chesterfield. Wm. R. Fleming, Goochland. George W. Smith, Richmond City. Armistead T. Mason, Loudon. Dabney Minor, Albemarle. Wm. M'Daniel, Stafford. JOSEPH SCOTT, Marshal V. D. 
Those whose names are marked with a (*) were absent; all the rest were present. Of course two only, were absent, out of the whole venire .
Mr. Hay then requested the marshal to deliver as soon as possible, a correct copy of this list to the opposite counsel.
Mr. Peyton Randolph enquired whether this was a proper opportunity for any man on that panel, to state his objections to the service.
The Chief Justice replied, that it would be better to wave any objections, until the jury were about to be impanelled.
Mr. Hay wished each of the witnesses as had appeared before, to be recognised as the others had been. And accordingly Messrs. Duncan, Moxley, Mc Dowell and Peters were recognised by the clerk.
The deputy marshal was then about to announce the court when Mr. Burr recalled to the recollection of the court the motion which he had made on a former occasion for a subpoena duces tecum addressed to the President of the U. S. That motion had been partly

complied with. He wished to know the court, whether it was not a matter of right for him to obtain a subpoena duces tecum . It was not he should then lay a specific motion before the court.
The Chief Justice did not believe it to be the practice in Virginia to obtain such a subpoena upon a mere application to the clerk. The motion must be brought before the court itself.
Mr. Hay would say nothing on this subject, until he understood the object of the application. If it was to obtain the letter which was not formerly furnished, he would inform the opposite counsel that he had it now among his papers and was ready to produce it.
Mr. Burr . That is one object of the application. Another is to obtain a certain communication from gen. Eaton to the President of the U. S. which is mentioned in his deposition.
Mr. Hay was not certain whether he had that communication; but he believed that it was among his papers. If it was there, he would certainly produce it.
Mr. Burr . But after a search, the gentleman finds that he has not that paper, will he consent out of court to issue a subpoena to the President of the U. S. under the qualification I have mentioned? I wish not at the present exigency, to derange the affairs of the government, or to demand the presence of the executive officers at this place. All that I want is, certain papers.
Mr. Hay said not consent to such a measure; he would rather that it should go thro' the regular process of the court.
Mr. Burr . Then, Sir, I shall move for a subpoena duces tecum to the President of the U. S. directing him to attend with certain papers. This subpoena will issue as in the former instance. I shall furnish the clerk with a necessary specification of the paper, which I require.
The court was then adjourned till Wednesday 12 o'clock.
FROM THE DEMOCRATIC PRESS.
Reflections on the great capacity of the U. States to produce COTTON, on the cultivation and commerce of cotton, and on the means to support the price of cotton.
It was in the year 1786, that the writer of these reflections remembers to have been first impressed with the capacities and prospects of the U. S. upon this subject. Having at that time never been in any vicinity where cotton was cultivated, his original impressions were produced by some trivial facts, connected with the subject, which were drawn from a central spot in the peninsula of Delaware and Chesapeake.
In the year 1807, the following decided notice of the subject was presented to the U. S. in the presence of a number of the members of the federal convention. It was the result of frequent and serious reflection upon those small, but well ascertained facts, which had occurred in the gardening of children and servants, in the county of Talbot, and which had been unconsciously collected in domestic discourse.
"Cotton thrives as well in the southern states as in any part of the world. The West India islands and those states raised it formerly, when the price was not half what it has been for years past in Europe. It is also worth double the money in America, which it sold for before the revolution, all the European nations having prohibited the exportation of it from their respective colonies to any foreign country. It is much to be desired, that the Southern planters would adopt the cultivation of an article, from which the best informed manufacturers cultivate the greatest profits, and on which some established factories depend."
(View of the U. S. page 44. May 1787.)
A further encouragement to manufactures will result from improvements and discoveries in agriculture. There are many raw materials that could be produced in this country in abundance which have hitherto been very limited. Cotton for many years before the revolution was not worth more than nine pence sterling in the West India islands. The perfection of the factories in Europe has raised it to such a pitch, that besides the prohibition against shipping it from the colonies to any foreign port the price has risen fifty per cent — the consumers in Pennsylvania have paid nearly two shillings sterling for the importation of this year. The article will be worth the attention of the Southern planters."
(View of the United States, August 1787.)
It seemed impossible to doubt that a vast proportion of the United States would raise this valuable plant which came to perfection in the hands of children and servants in a place so far north as the county of Talbot.
In the beginning of the year 1790 the subject was again noticed in the following manner, with a decision grounded upon frequent trials which had brought together by that time, numerous small facts from a great variety of places.
"Cotton has been lately adopted as an article of culture in the southern states, and if the prices of rice, tobacco, and indigo decline, it will be very beneficial to the owners and purchasers of lands in that part of our Union. This article is raised with ease in
Spain, every part of which lies further north than the Carolinas and in the same latitude as Virginia, Maryland, & the Delaware states. It is also raised in all that part of Asiatic Turkey, which lies between Scanderoon and Smyrna, which are in the latitudes of the last three states. As our people will increase very rapidly by migration and the course of nature, it is certain that we cannot procure wool from our internal resources in sufficient quantities. The owners of cotton plantations may therefore expect a constant and great demand for this article as a substitute for wool, beside its ordinary uses for light goods."
(View of the U. S. page 86 and 87. A. D. 1790.)
In the year 1791 and 1794, the subject was again noticed by original or republished papers in "The view of the U. States," pages 44, 87, 261 and 274.
Though cotton had made many small advances in 1792, it does not appear to have attracted attention as a matter of importance, and there was little or none of our production exported. But our capacity existed, though dormant.
The return of exports for the year ending in September 1799, first brought to the writer's knowledge, the increased cultivation of this invaluable plant. It appeared from that authentic document that we had exported of domestic and foreign cotton (over and above our great and known consumption) 17,789 803 pounds weight, and the treasury return for the following year, published by the House of Representatives, informs that the American cotton of the crop of 1800 (with the foreign re-ship) was 20,911 211, pounds weight. It is believed, on mature consideration, that the foreign cotton re-ship, is inferior in quantity to the domestic and foreign consumed at home — Wherefore it was confidently presumed that our production of cotton was then at least 21 million of pounds.
It was found, on examination, that our cotton had risen to a great proportion of the whole quantity in the European markets. England is supposed to have received above forty millions of pounds from all colonial and foreign sources in a single year. Her own colonies are believed to have produced about four millions and one half of pounds weight. French St. Domingo used to ship above seven millions. Guadaloupe about six hundred thousand pounds. It is probable that all the rest of Europe did not manufacture more than a fourth of the quantity of cotton imported into Great Britain.
The United States, though already making the wonderful exportation of 38 million of pounds weight, as it proved by recent returns, are capable of a much greater cultivation. In this state of things it is one favorable consequence of the deplorable misfortunes of St. Domingo, and of our loss of property and advantages from thence, that the cotton cultivation of seven millions of pounds is suspended in Domingo probably for many seasons. Yet the quantity, which may be yearly added to the production of the United States can be so great and sudden as to require all the consideration of the planter, and to be worthy of the care and protection of the government. The difference between our crops, not more than two or three years apart, is more than the whole production of the West India colonies of the European states.
It has been a favorite object therefore, of the writer of this note, to increase the consumption of cotton throughout Europe and America. He has endeavored to excite a spirit for both the household and regular cotton factory in the United States. We should endeavor to excite a competition with England, in the people from France, Holland, Russia, and Germany now among us. We should endeavor to excite every where, particularly to force among the English, the competition of the manufacturers of cotton wool with the manufacturer of sheeps wool, and fit as to such bulky goods as blankets, carpets, rugs, counterpanes, coverlets, hats, &c. the success of such endeavors has been considerable, for some capital Manchester manufacturers now here are engaged in rivalling the woollen manufacturers of Great Britain in our markets, by shipping to us cotton blankets, &c. instead of woolen.
The use of machines and mills to card, spin, &c. gives them immense advantages. Cotton being a vegetable production, exempted from the ravages of the moth (which injures woollen and even silk) is well adapted to our climate. The moth annually levies a vast tax upon the merchandise, apparel and furniture of the people of America from Maine to New Orleans. This is a very important consideration in favor of cotton substitutes, for goods heretofore made of wool.
It is believed that the constant and innumerable advertisements of southern cotton—the numerous erections of spinning mills—the notoriety, increase and extent of cultivation—the repeated and great returns of our exports—the directions for the cultivation—the freights which cotton has afforded—and the nu-
merous publications upon the subject have given such an impetus to the business, that the only proper and necessary care now is to procure sales for our cotton-wool at home and abroad.
It is principally by individual exertion that foreign buyers are to be attracted. But it is conceived, that the government may procure to our cotton many advantages by its attention to foreign countries. It is respectfully recommended that our ministers, consuls, and agents abroad, be furnished with printed copies of every thing which the government or citizens possess or can collect upon the subject of the production, commerce, and manufacture of cotton, in order to facilitate and multiply the communications of those officers with the foreign governments, merchants and manufacturers near whom they reside. It is also recommended, that they take pains to evince every where the ease, certainty, profits and importance of the cotton manufacture well exemplified and ascertained by its progress within the last twenty years in England, Scotland, and Ireland. It is likewise recommended, that our ministers and consuls, examine and report the duties, charges and impediments under which our cotton labors in some countries; and that they be instructed to present the impossibility, that such countries can hold a successful competition in the cotton manufacture with those countries, which receive it without the burden of a duty or any other avoidable charge. This subject is well worthy of the attention of the minister, agents and consuls of foreign nations resident in America, whose nations wish to supply us with manufactured goods and to carry on trade with our country. It is not at all doubted, that the cotton branch of manufacture will seriously, extensively and rapidly rival the woollen branch in every part of the world, greatly by means of the American agriculture. Sheeps wool is incapable of prompt and very great increase. Cotton will unavoidably increase in quick and great degrees, and all our raw materials seems alone capable of a very great surplus beyond our foreign sale.
The certainty arises from the home market of the U. S. the saving of the heavy charges of transportation on all that can be consumed within our country, the capacity or fitness for working by machinery peculiar (in its degree) to this raw material, the general importance of manufactures to America, the absolute necessity of them to the interior states, and their immense importance as a means of retaining, attracting and condensing the white population of the eight southern states, render the establishment of the cotton manufacture, upon the English plan, in this country an object of incalculable importance, worthy of the best thoughts of the government and of all the people.
(To be CONTINUED.)
From a late Paris Paper.
People in London busy themselves less than they ought about the present situation of Turkey, and the change which the rupture with Russia must bring about in the general concerns of Europe. This difference is an effect of the character of merchant policy. It does nothing for the future; and sees only the interests of the present moment. Were it not so, the English would for a while at least appearance of danger for the existence of the Ottoman empire; instead of which, they have labored for the century past, like blind men, to forward the favorite projects of its implacable enemy.
At no time has it ever been the interests of England to support the pretensions or disputes of Russia, but on the contrary, to maintain an equilibrium among the powers of the north, and the independence of the Hanse Towns and Holland, for the purpose of enjoying the benefit of their alliance, and not have a single enemy to fight. However, she has labored to bring all these powers under the Russian yoke, and has considered only France alone as her enemy; sacrificing all the advantage of the future to the petty hatreds of the present. She has suffered the successive usurpations of Russia, and to purchase her alliance, has prepared her destructive projects; nor was she able, before their accomplishment, to see that Russia was necessarily becoming her enemy.
Hitherto Russia, notwithstanding the efforts of Peter the Great and his successors, has been unable to become a maritime power. Her numerous ships exhibit an useless though pompous spectacle in her ports and docks. Whatever efforts she should have made, the confined navigation of the Baltic, stopped for six months in the year, would never be able to create seamen. Perhaps even the very national character of the Muscovites opposed this creation. The conquest of almost the whole coast of the Baltic sea was advantageous in a commercial light; the opening of the channel of the Dardanelles evinced the probability of realising the projects of Peter and Catharine. But at the first order of the Ottoman Porte, this passage might be shut even against the return of the Russian ships, should they have sailed into the Mediterranean. Russia has still fewer benefits to hope for than damages to dread, if the Ottoman Porte is aware of its own strength, and knows how to employ it.
If, on the contrary, by a misfortune which cannot be apprehended at present, the Russian flag should one day happen to fly on the walls of Constantinople, this frightful catastrophe, mortal to the independence of Austria, and dangerous for the other powers, would not the less produce a total revolution of all nations; and the first results
would be to break without resistance, and for ever, the sceptre which Great Britain is so jealous of.
The position of Constantinople, which the Ottoman power never reaped the advantage of, would afford the activity of the Russians the vents of an immense trade, and the means of an incomparable navy. The Dnieper, the Volga and several other navigable rivers might convey from the northern extremities of Russia to the mouth of the Bosphorus, all the ship timber and materials necessary to fit out the most numerous fleets. The Black Sea, would then be like a vast port which Russia might open and shut at her pleasure, and where she might collect her whole navy, and exercise it in safety. Along this vast extent of coast she might find sailors. In the Morea, the usurpation of which Russia has so long been plotting, where she carefully avails herself of the identity of religion to keep up a secret rebellion and an opposition dangerous to the security of the Ottoman Porte, they would find the instruments of her maritime power. The active empire of the seas for several centuries require only the will of their sovereign to resume it, at least in the Mediterranean. With such means, Russia, once mistress of the most advantageous positions, would have in her navy almost all the elements of trade. At present she cannot herself export or work up all her raw materials—she is forced to have recourse to the industry and navy of England. But then she would work them up for her own account, and would export and barter them herself—she would perhaps confine her exclusive consumption every thing necessary to the maintenance of her navy. England, unable to resist the attacks of an indestructible navy, or to carry the blows of an enemy able to reach her at the extremities of the world, would see the principle of her commercial prosperity suddenly fall, with mere cessation of her relations with Russia.
Besides, either by alliance or by conquest, a Russian army may find its way through Persia to the very heart of the English power, that is to say to India, perhaps in less time, with less expense, and undoubtedly with less danger to itself than to come to Holland or Italy. In whatever light we view the destruction of the Ottoman empire, it would be more fatal to England, than to any other nation, either by invasion, by force of arms, or by the different directions which it would give to trade—but as we have said, this catastrophe is no longer to be dreaded, since the Ottoman Porte has awakened from its lethargy, and that 500 000 Frenchmen, commanded by their emperor, have guaranteed their independence. Yet England does not perceive that in this instance, she is under obligations to her enemies.
AUGSBURGH, MAY 18.
We expect here to morrow, the French horse Chasseurs & Cuirassiers; they will be followed by the Spanish regiment of Guadalaxara, and several other regiments.
So much has been said lately of negotiations, and the reports which have been circulated are so contradictory, that it is difficult to know what to believe.
It is however generally believed that the negotiations are not so far advanced as was believed. They say, that the emperor Napoleon, always anxious to employ all the means in his power to prevent the effusion of blood, had proposed peace to the emperor of Russia and king of Prussia, on very moderate terms; that the two sovereigns replied they were ready to treat, but that their connections with G. Britain and Sweden did not permit them to act without the participation of those courts. It is said that France did not oppose this proposition, declaring that she wished for a general peace. The principle of compensation was then proposed as the basis of peace, and some general articles were even discussed; all these propositions have been communicated to the courts of London and Stockholm, but their answers have not yet been received. The letters from Poland say that these communications have been made through the medium of aids de camp, but that no diplomatic conferences have yet taken place. Baron St. Vincent, who represents the sovereign whose mediation has been accepted, had been made acquainted with what had passed—but it is feared that the intrigues of the English minister will frustrate the efforts of the friends of humanity.
JUNE 3.
Upon Gen. Benningsen has the chief command of the allied army been conferred. The emperor Alexander, after expressing in general orders his entire approbation of the conduct of general Benningsen, and of the high sense and opinion which he entertains of his talents and his services, orders it to be notified to the army, that the supreme command is vested in that officer, and that all dispatches are to be transmitted to, as well as orders received from him.
HUNGARIAN DIET.
The speech of the Archdeke Palatine to the Hungarian Diet, after pointing out the necessity of raising a powerful military force, concludes in the following words:—
"After having obtained peace through the efforts of the bell of kings we ought more than ever, to direct our attention to the injuries which have been occasioned by the late dreadful
war, and the evils which have resulted from it. Thus we have of one accord met together in the Diet, to insure, as it were, our very existence, as well as that of our people, to maintain the honor of the crown, the prosperity of our country, and the safety of every thing that we hold most dear. Great sacrifices will doubtless be necessary but our ancestors, under similar circumstances, did not hesitate to make greater. It would therefore be a disgrace to have it now said, "the greatness of soul of the Hungarians, for the preservation of their king and country is vanished, and their conduct is palied."
WASHINGTON CITY.
MONDAY, AUGUST 10.
Because we have lately occupied a few of our columns in showing that a war between this country and England would be more injurious to her than to us, and would probably be in several important respects beneficial to us, we are charged in two of the Boston prints with an attempt to prove, not merely the justice and expediency of such a war, but likewise that it will be on the whole beneficial to the United States. Nothing can be more destitute of truth than this imputation. We have not attempted to prove the justice of a war with Britain, because such an attempt would have been in the highest degree absurd. There is no unprejudiced or honest American that doubts it. It is not, therefore, a topic for discussion. It would be just as rational to attempt to prove that a triangle is formed by three sides, or that twice three make six. Nor have we offered any proofs of the expediency of a war with England. We have, with the whole American people, considered this consideration likewise out of the question on the part of this country. The question may and, no doubt, will very properly be presented to the British government. With them it will rest to decide it affirmatively or negatively; they will have the power. But on our part, no such decision will be reserved for us. Our conduct will necessarily be regulated by theirs. For reparation must be had by us, or there is an end to the amity of the two nations. The reign of reason will be suspended, & physical strength, in one shape or other, can alone decide the issue. It may, perhaps, be made a question, whether we shall go fully into a state of war, or be satisfied with commercial restrictions or a non-intercourse. But it is easy to see that such a step taken by us under such circumstances will soon lead to a state of complete warfare.
So far with respect to the charge of advocating the justice and expediency of a war with England, which we have shown to be entirely unfounded. Equally so is the imputation of attempting to prove that such a war will be on the whole advantageous to the U. States. The imputation is an atrocious libel on the principles and sentiments of this print. We have never attempted to prove that war with any nation would be beneficial. On the contrary, we have uniformly, and in the strongest terms, insisted on the incalculable advantages of preserving peace with the whole world. We have presented the subject in a thousand different lights. We have defended the government for their solicitude to maintain peace, notwithstanding the manifold wrongs inflicted on us by the injustice of foreign powers. We have applied their honest efforts to avoid every cause of collision with them, by becoming a party to the contests of neither of them by treating them all with equal goodwill; by restraining establishments from their nature calculated to entice us into war; by accommodating differences, whenever this could honorably be done, by negotiation instead of deciding them by the sword, even when the means existed of doing the latter most effectually.
We have invariably connected the growth of our prosperity with the maintenance of peace, and have offered calculation upon calculation to show the vast pecuniary benefits derived by us from the preservation of peace.
We have considered even the existence of the republican system as intimately interwoven with the peaceful disposition of our country, and have always feared the fatal influence of standing armies, increased taxes, naval establishments, foreign alliances, and augmented patronage on the public liberty.
All these principles are still sacredly cherished by us. The late disgraceful outrage of Britain has not diminished our conviction of their soundness. Our creed on this point is unaltered, and we will confidently add, unalterable. A war with Britain, or any other nation, will not on the whole be beneficial to the U. S. We know, on the contrary, that it will check our progress in wealth & general prosperity; that it will be productive of considerable injury, and may be productive of unlooked for calamity. All this we readily admit. But still we contend that Britain, unless she complies with our demand for reparation, will have left us no alternative. Even could we meanly consent to brook the outrage she has just offered, the evil, so far from ending there, would dreadfully increase. She would proceed in her career of injustice, and there is no length of oppression at which she would stop short of absolute vassalage on our part. This is the true question. The point at issue is not one merely of national honor; but one that strikes at the very vitals of our future

ance as an independent and a pros-
Second Battalion of Charleston regi-
The agricultural society of Charles-
Notwithstanding our remote situation
Considering a war with Britain as
PATRIOTIC REGISTER.
The following volunteer associations
IN VIRGINIA. Volunteer troop of Cavalry at Powhatan...
NORTH CAROLINA. Troop of Cavalry at Raleigh...
South Carolina. Commissioned Officers of the Second
Died in France, Gen. DE ROCHAM-
VERMONT AS SHE SHOULD
Two very beautiful sheep have lately
Actuated by a desire to further the
To the Editor of the Richmond En-
Sir, Having seen in your paper of the
Table with 3 columns: No., Weight of fleece, Length of wool. Rows include: 1, 6 3 4 lb., 6 inches; 2, 7 3 4, 9 inches...
Baltimore, August 6. We have at some trouble to
The preceding are not arranged ac-
To the President of the United States.
The offer of your professional services
By a gentleman lately from Detroit,
The readers of the Argus will no
thing (double that of the first execu-
New & Valuable BOOKS.
JUST received, and now opening, at D. RAPIN'S book store on Capitol Hill...
Dr. Rees' Cyclopaedia,
Circuit Court of the District of Co-
William Hawkins, Complainant,
THE bill of the Complainant states,
We are informed, that Burr has
Philadelphia, August 6. Captain Mayn,
Markets at Laguira, 9th July,
Norfolk, August 5. Capt. Stewart,
SALE BY AUCTION.
Will be offered at Public Sale, on
SALE BY AUCTION.
Will be sold to the highest bidder on
NOTICE.
VACATION will commence on Sat-
WASHINGTON PARISH,
NOTICE.
The Rev. Andrew T. McCormick,
Washington, Aug. 5th 1807.
NOTICE is hereby given, that application
20 DOLLARS REWARD.
AWAY from the subscriber in Aug-

PROPOSALS, BY CONRAD, LUCAS & Co. (late M. and F. Conrad and Co.) No. 133, Market street, FOR PUBLISHING LEWIS AND CLARK'S TOUR TO THE PACIFIC OCEAN, THROUGH THE INTERIOR OF THE CONTI- NENT OF NORTH AMERICA, Performed by order of the government of the United States, during the years 1804, 1805, and 1806.
THIS work will be prepared by captain Meriwether Lewis, and will be divided into two parts, the whole comprised in three volumes, the first containing at least 700 pages, the second and third from four to five hundred each, printed on good paper, and a fair Pica type. The several volumes in succession will be put to press as early peri- ods as the execution of the author will permit him to prepare them for publication.  PART THE FIRST—IN TWO VOLUMES.  VOLUME FIRST. Will contain a narrative of the voyage, with a description of some of the most remark- able places in those hitherto unknown wilds of America, accompanied by a map of good size, a large chart of the entrance of the Columbia river, embracing the adjacent country, coast and harbors, and embellished with views of two beautiful cataracts of the Missouri; the plan, on a large scale, of the connected falls of that river, as also, of those of the Columbia, with their several portages. For the infor- mation of future voyagers, there will be added, in the sequel of this volume, some observations and remarks on the navigation of the Missouri and Columbia rivers, pointing out the precautions which must necessarily be taken, in order to ensure success, together with an itinerary of the most direct and practicable route across the continent of North America, from the confluence of the Missouri and the Mississippi rivers to the discharge of the Columbia into the Pacific Ocean.
VOLUME SECOND. Whatever property appertains to geography, embracing a description of the rivers, moun- tains, climate, soil and face of the country; a view of the Indian nations distributed over that vast region, showing their traditions, habits, manners, customs, national character, stature, complexion, dress, dwellings, arms, and domestic utensils, with many others in- teresting particulars in relation to them; also, observations and reflections on the subjects of civilization, government and maintaining a friend- ly intercourse with those nations. A view of the fur trade of North America, setting forth a plan for its extension, and showing the im- mense advantages which would accrue to the mercantile interests of the United States, by establishing the same with a direct trade to the East Indies, through the continent of North America. This volume will be embellished with twenty plates illustrative of the dress and general appearance of such Indian nations as differ materially from each other; of their habitations; their weapons and habiliments used in war; their hunting and fishing appa- ratus; domestic utensils, &c. In an appendix there will also be given a diary of the weather kept with great attention throughout the whole of the voyage, showing also the daily rise and fall of the principal water courses which were navigated in the course of the same.
PART THE SECOND—IN ONE VOLUME. This part of the work will be confined ex- clusively to scientific research, and principally to the natural history of those hitherto un- known regions. It will contain a full disserta- tion on such animals as may have fallen within the notice of the author, and which may prop- erly be distributed under the heads of Botany, Mineralogy, and Zoology, together with some sketches on the origin of Prairie, the cause of the mudflats of the Missouri, of volcanic appearances, and other natural phenomena which were met with in the course of this interesting tour. This volume will also con- tain a comparative view of twenty three vocabularies of distinct Indian languages, pro- cured by captain Lewis and Clark, on the voyage, and will be ornamented and em- bellished with a much greater number of plates than will be allowed on the first part of the work as is intended that every subject of natural history which is entirely new, and of which there are a considerable number, shall be accompanied by an appropriate engraving illustrating it.  This distribution of the work has been made with a view to the accommodation of every description of readers, and is here offered to the patronage of the public in such shape, that all persons willing to become subscribers, may accommodate themselves with either of the parts, or the entire work, as it shall be most convenient to themselves.
Detached from his work, there will be a map of LEWIS & CLARK'S MAP OF NORTH AMERICA, From Lon. 9 deg. W. to the Pacific Ocean, and between 30 deg. and 52 deg. north Lat. with extensive marginal notes— dimensions 5 feet 8 inches by 3 feet 10 inches. Embracing all their late discoveries, and that part of the continent heretofore the least known. This map will be compiled from the best maps now extant, as well published as in manuscript, from the collective information of the best informed travellers through the vari- ous portions of that region, and corrected by a series of several hundred celestial observa- tions, made by captain Lewis during his late tour.  For the convenience of subscribers, these several works will be delivered at the most respectable commercial towns, and at the seats of government of the respective states and territories within the Union; no advance is required, nor will payment be demanded until the delivery is made.  The price of part the first in two vols. will be Ten dollars, and that of part the second in one volume, Eleven dollars, delivered in boards. Price of the Map, Ten dollars.  Any person who may have an unexpired for these works, to which which contain no fi- published papers for the same, and who may be dissatisfied with the terms now proposed, are at liberty to withdraw their names from such lists, at any time prior to the 15th day of De- cember next.  M. LEWIS.
NEW INVENTED OVEN.  I HAVE obtained from the general govern- ment an exclusive privilege in an Oven I have invented on entire new principles, for baking all kinds of bread, the advantages of my plan over those hitherto used in the usual mode. The oven is first heated, the fire scrawled out and the dough put in to bake, when the oven is hottest and as the bread bakes the oven gradually cools, it will surely be conceded when bread is first put into an oven it is most tender and least capable of bearing heat—on my plan the bread is put into the oven at the extreme end, or where the heat is least, and as it bakes it regularly progresses into a keener heat until baked. Again, it is acknowledged the thinner bread is baked the better it is and the longer it will keep; in the usual mode of baking the thinner the bread the smaller quantity the oven will bake per day; on my plan as the oven is constantly in blast, the thinner the bread the more the oven will bake; and to this the labor of splitting wood is saved—the heating, cleaning, and setting an oven also. An oven on my plan, if well built, is much more durable, takes up less room to do the same business, costs much less money to build it, requires less fuel to bake the same quantity of bread, fewer hands can do the same busi- ness, in fact, a mind superior to prejudices often attendant on customs long established will be satisfied on a view of my oven in op- eration. I have narrated facts only for those who have not an opportunity of seeing the oven in operation.  I submit the certificates of gentlemen whose respectability will not be questioned. For an oven of 20 feet length and 3 feet 6 inc. in width, for the privilege of using it, my price is 500 dollars, and in proportion for a larger or smaller one. I will dispose of my privilege for states, countries or towns, on liberal terms, letters addressed to me post paid, Dumfries, Virginia will be duly attended to.  JAMES DENZALE. Dumfries, July 20.
We, Richard and Stephen Winchester, re- siding in the town of Fredericksburg and com- monwealth of Virginia, do certify, we have built an oven under the immediate direction of James Denzale of Dumfries and common- wealth of Virginia aforesaid on a plan entirely different from the ovens in common use, and we believe invented by the said Denzale. It requires much less fuel than the common oven and may be used without splitting the wood, of course there is great saving of labor; we have baked every kind of biscuit and can say truly that it bakes well. We consider it as a invaluable improvement and well worthy the attention of bakers.  R & S. WINCHESTER. Fredericksburg, Jan. 23, 1806.
That are to certify to all whom it may con- cern, that I, Andrew Jamieson, biscuit baker, in the town of Alexandria, and district of Columbia, was in the town of Fredericksburg, in the state of Virginia, some time since the middle of last January, and there did attend great part of one day to see the operation of biscuit baking in the new invented oven in the possession of Messrs. Richard & Stephen Winchester, of Fredericksburg, which oven I have every reason to believe is the sole in- vention of Mr. James Denzale of Dumfries, in the state of Virginia, and hereby declare and aver, that I have said new invented or perpetual oven bake large and small biscuits in as short a time and as regular a manner as any oven I have seen there for forty years I have been at the baking business. Given under my hand this 6th day of February, (in Alexan- dria and district of Columbia) in the year one thousand eight hundred and six.  Andrew Jamieson.
N. B. Not having sufficient experience of said oven aforesaid, I cannot ascertain what may be saved in wood or labor, only that cord wood will do without the labor of chopping and splitting, as is necessary with old fashioned ovens.  A. J.  New-York, December 1, 1806.  This is to certify that I have been using the patent oven, invented by James Denzale, of Dumfries, Virginia, since April last, to considerable advantage in this city. I have no doubt of its possessing considerable advan- tages over the old method, such as a saving of fuel and labor, in consequence of which the proprietor is enabled to make the bread much thinner and consequently more proper for long voyages on a hot climate.  Again, as a part of the operation requiring most labor and practice is abridged by this ac- quired; more of the work may be done by boys or men little experienced in the business.  Not being acquainted myself with the old method, I will not attempt to state the differ- ences between them, but that it is generally in favor of Denzale's method, must be evident to the most superficial observer.  ROBERT HARTSHORNE
Iron Works for Sale.  THE Subscriber is duly empowered to con- vey for the sale of a handsome site for Iron Works and eight thousand acres of Land, ad- joining, lying on the river Rappahannock, about 9 miles above Fredericksburg. This tract abounds with iron-ore and the mines of the richest iron ore, and an ample supply of wood for coal. The site for the works are advan- tageous in the extreme, commanding the whole source of the Rappahannock by a natu- ral canal, into which the whole force of the river may be turned at a small expense. There has been a furnace and other works formerly erected here, and the ore found on trial a- bounded here and good. When it is considered that this property is within 9 miles of tide water, and that the navigation from the site of the works to tide water may at a small ex- pense be rendered practicable to transport eve- ry article to market—when it is con- sidered from the contiguity of these works to the seat of government, no iron establishment can supply cannon and shot on so good terms (competent judges having pronounced the ore on this tract of superior quality for cannon) a doubt cannot be entertained of the great value of this property. The title is indispu- table, and a great bargain may be had. The subscriber will at any time attend those inclined to view the premises, and can show an accurate survey of the tract, on applica- tion to him at Dumfries, Virginia.  JAMES DENZALE. July 31.
Strayed or stolen from the com- mons of this city about the 1st of June last, a dark bay horse, about 14 hands high, a white star in the forehead, and branded on the near shoulder, as well as recollected, with the figure of a heart. When rode he is some- times accustomed to pant, having been bro- ken winded by going in the flage. A reward of eight dollars will be given to any person who will return the aforesaid horse to me in this city.  ROBERT BRENT. Washington, July 28th, 1807—9t
50 Dollars Reward.  RAN-AWAY on the morning of the 8th inst. from the subscriber a negro man Named Richard Brown, He is about 24 years of age, five feet six or seven inches high, waltz feet, having light co- lored, something forbidding in his counte- nance, and is a very artful fellow; had on when he went away a coarse white shirt, un- keen pantaloons, and an old great coat. He has been seen since in the district with a black coat, nankin pantaloons and coat on The above reward will be paid to any person who will bring him to me, or lodge him in jail in the district of Columbia, with reasons. big charges.  JOHN CASSIN. N. B. He had on one of his ankles a horse lock, which it is supposed he cannot get off.  July 30. eptf
PROPOSALS For carrying mails of the United States on the following routes will be receiv- ed at the General Post Office until the 15th of October next.
1st. From Petersburg by Harrisville, Gold- sville, Drummondburg, Warrenton, Lewisburg, Raleigh, and Newbern, to Fay- etteville, three times a week.  2d. From Petersburg every Monday, Wednes- day and Friday at 4 a.m. arrive at Warrenton, same day by 8 p.m. Leave Warrenton every Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday at 5 a.m. arrive at Raleigh same day by 6 p.m. Leave Raleigh, Wednesday Friday and Monday at 3 a.m. arrive at Fayetteville same day by 5 p.m.  Returning—Leave Fayetteville every Tues- day Thursday, and Saturday at 4 a.m. arrive at Raleigh same day by 6 p.m. Leave Ra- leigh every Wednesday, Friday, and Monday at 3 a.m. arrive at Warrenton same day by 6 p.m. Leave Warrenton every Thursday, Saturday and Tuesday at 4 a.m. arrive at Fe- tteville same day by 8 p.m.  2d. From Fayetteville by Lumberton, Barefoot Mills, Port Royal, Onslow, and Georgetown to Charleston three times a week.  Leave Fayetteville every Tuesday, Thurs- day, and Saturday, at 4 a.m. arrive at Port- Royal on Wednesday, Friday and Monday by 6 p.m. Leave Georgetown every Tuesday, Thursday, Saturday, and Tuesday at 2 a.m. arrive at Charleston same day by 4 p.m.  Returning—Leave Charleston every Mon- day, Wednesday, and Friday at 5 a.m. arrive at Georgetown same day by 6 p.m. Leave Georgetown every Tuesday, Thursday, and Saturday at 2 a.m. arrive at Port Royal on Wednesday, Friday and Monday by 6 p.m.
NOTES.  1 The Post master general may expedite the mails, & alter the time of arrival and de- parture at any time during the continuance of the contracts, he stipulating an adequate com- pensation for any extra expense that may be occasioned thereby.  2. Fifteen minutes shall be allowed for open- ing and closing the mails at all offices where no particular time is specified.  3. Every thirty minutes delay (unavoidable accidents excepted) in arriving at the time prescribed in any contract, the con- tractor shall forfeit one dollar, and if the delay continues until the departure of any succeeding mail, whereby the mail is delayed for each succeeding mail lost a trip, an addi- tional forfeiture of five dollars shall be incurred.  4. Newspapers, as well as letters, to be sent in the mail; and if any person making proposals, desires to carry newspapers, other than those conveyed in the mail, for his own emolument, he must state in his proposals for what sum he will carry with the emolument, and for what sum without that emolument.  5. Should any person making proposals desire an alteration of the times of arrival and departure above specified, he must state in his proposals the alteration desired, and the dif- ference they will make in the terms of the con- tract.  6. Persons making proposals are desired to state their price by the year. Those who contract will receive their pay quarterly, in the months of August, November, February, and May, in one month after the expiration of each quarter.  7. No other than a free white person shall be employed to convey the mail.  8. Where the proposer intends to convey the mail in the body of a stage carriage, he is desired to state it in his proposals.  9. The Post master general reserves to himself the right of declaring any contract at an end, whenever one failure happens which amounts to the loss of a trip.  10. The contracts for the above routes are to be in operation on the first day of January next & to continue in force until the 31st day of March 1810.  GIDEON WELLS, Post master general. General Post-Office Washington city, July 31—tOct 15
JUST PUBLISHED, (PRICE 75 CENTS.) Vol. I. of the Trial of Col. Aaron Burr, To be had of J. Marsh, and A. Suter, George Town—J. V. Thomas, Navy Yard—D. Rapine, Capitol Hill—R. C. Weightman, Pennsylvania Avenue— and Westcott and Co. 11 street, Wash- ington City.  Aug. 7—3t.
This is to give notice, that the subscribers of the city of Washington in the district of Columbia, have obtained, from the Orphan's Court of Prince George's county in the state of Maryland, letters of administra- tion on the personal estate of Thomas Docket, late of said county, deceased. All persons having claims against the said deceased are hereby warned to exhibit the same with the vouchers thereof, to the subscriber on or be- fore the first day of October next, they may otherwise by law be excluded from all benefit of the said estate. Those indebted to the deceased are desired to make immediate pay- ment.  ALLEN B. DUCKETT, Adm. City of Washington, March 18—tf
LITERARY NOTICE.  WM. DUANE, of Philadelphia, will thank such Book sellers, Printers, and others, as may have had the goodness to collect sub- scribers, for the LIFE & WORKS OF DR. FRANKLIN, about to be published by Wm. Duane, to forward to him lists of the subscribers, of coin- cidence, with particular directions relative to their residence, &c.  Printers of newspapers, who have published the proposals for this extensive work, will add to the favors already conferred, by publishing the above in their respective papers, as often as convenient.
WM. DUANE will also thank those, who have collected subscribers, for "POLITICS FOR FARMERS and MECHANICS," to inform him of their names and places of residence, without delay.  July 13—
CHARLES H. VARDEN, Merchant Taylor New Jersey Avenue, near the Capitol.  RESPECTFULLY informs the gentlemen of the district of Columbia, he has imported by ship Eliza ANN lately arrived at Philad- A choice assortment Of Extra Superfine cloths, Bennets, Velvets, and Cords, Cashmere, single and double milled satin cloths, fashionable Spanish Orleans and Follenets, rich silk Mouselin velvets, silk and satin Florentines, with a variety of other articles suitable for the season.  N. B. Ladies habits, regimentals and navy uniforms made in the first style of fashion. Richard Harwell's celebrated patent para- sol suspenders, can be had on the same terms as at his manufactory.  November 12—tf
RAMSAY'S LIFE OF WASHINGTON.  IN the press, and in a few weeks will be pub- lished by E. B. THOMAS, of Providence, R.I. and late of Charleston, S.C. and for sale at J. Marsh's book store, George Town. The Life of GEORGE WASHINGTON, Commander in Chief of the Armies of the U. States of America, throughout the war which established their In- dependence, and first President of the United States.  BY DAVID RAMSAY, M. D. AUTHOR OF THE HISTORY OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION.  This work will be published on the fol- lowing conditions:  1st. It will be comprised in one volume, octavo, of about 400 pages, on a fine wove paper.  2d. It shall be ornamented with an elegant engraved Head of Washington.  3d. The price to Subscribers, in boards, will be two dollars and fifty cents; to non- subscribers, three dollars.  4. No money will be required until the books are ready for delivery.  On the merits of a work, coming from an author so celebrated in the annals of literature as Ramsay, suffice it to say, that the manu- script has been read by several gentlemen of great literary acquirements, and pronounced to be "a piece of elegant classic Biography."  Subscriptions received at J. Marsh's book store, High Street, George Town.  Who are just received a new collection of books in every department of literature.  July 15.
ELIAS B. CALDWELL, ATTORNEY AT LAW, has removed his Office, to the house lately occupied by Mr. Law, on Capitol Hill. Washington, July 26—tf
FOR SALE OR RENT.  THE Subscriber will SELL or RENT the HOTEL, situated on the Capitol Hill and near to the Capitol at present occupied by Mr. P. D. STILLE. As this house is well known, it is unnecessary to say more than that it is calculated for a large establishment, and is in the first situation as a hotel on a large scale in this city. Possession can be had the first day of October next. Some other houses for Sale or Rent on the Hill near the Capitol. For terms, apply to  DANL. CARROLL of Dud'n. Washington, August 5—2aw10
REMOVAL.  THE Subscriber having removed from the vicinity of the West Market, to the House adjoining the Secretary of States on F. Street, takes this meth- od of informing his friends and the public that with his usual stock of dry Goods—he is determined to keep a ge- neral assortment of Groceries, Liquors, Soap, Candles, &c. all of the best qua- lity, and to sell on the most reasonable terms; and as he still purposes to do business in the Taylor line, such orders as he may be favored with in either branch shall be gratefully received, and punctually attended to.  WM. BROWN. August 5—3t
By the  PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,  A PROCLAMATION.  WHEREAS great and weighty mat- ters claiming the consideration of the Congress of the United States form an extraordinary occasion for convening them, I do by these presents appoint Monday the twenty-sixth day of Octo- ber next, for their meeting at the city of Washington; hereby requiring the respective Senators and Representa- tives then and there to assemble in Con- gress, in order to receive such commu- nications as may then be made to them, and to consult and determine on such measures as in their wisdom may be deemed meet for the welfare of the United States.  In testimony whereof, I have caus- ed the seal of the United States (SEAL) to be hereunto affixed, and signed the same with my hand.  Done at the city of Washing- ton, the thirtieth day of July in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and seven; and in the thirty second year of the Independence of the United States.  TH: JEFFERSON By the President JAMES MADISON, Secretary of State.
VALUABLE PROPERTY FOR SALE.  The subscriber wishes to sell at private sale, that valuable property which he now occupies in the town of Bladensburg, Maryland, 6 miles from the Capital of the United States, and promises to be one of the best watering places in the Union. The lot contains about one and three quarters of an acre, on which is erected a commodious frame DWELLING BUILDING, 37 by 30 feet, two stories high, built of the best materials, nearly new and finished in the best manner, 6 rooms on the first floor, and 9 bed chambers, 4 of which if necessary might be partitioned to make 8, also a good Kitchen and Bake Oven, with house, Smoke house, stable for 30 horses and a house that will cover 6 carriages and a granary for oats.  The lot borders on the Eastern Branch which is navigable and where fish may be caught in abundance in their season. This valuable property is in fee simple, and clear of all encumbrances and will be supposed of in- the following manner, one half of the pur- chase to be paid in Land in the state of Ohio near some settled part thereof, one fourth in cash, on the residue 12 months credit will be given. Possession may be taken on the 1st Monday in September if required, if not I would lease it for one year. Should the pur- chaser incline to buy the furniture, I can spare 16 prime leather beds, a handsome mahogany side board, tables, chairs and all the residue of the household and kitchen furniture.  He wishes to return his gratitude thanks to his friends in particular and the public gene- rally for their patronage, and hopes to merit a continuance of it.  His house is well provided for the accom- modation of those who may wish to visit the spa this season.  WILLIAM ROSS. Bladensburg, July 8—taw1w
NOTICE.  THE Subscribers will offer for sale at pub- lic Vendue, on Wednesday the 27th of July, at the house of Wm. Newton and B. Ross, (at the Navy Yard, Washington city.) and to continue selling every Wednesday if fair, or the next fair day, at 12 o'clock, a Variety of WET and DRY GOODS, amongst which are  Leading-lines; Jacket patterns, Fine and common Hats, Fine and coarse Shoes, Crockery-ware, Glass-ware, Looking-glasses, Hour-glasses, Nova-Scotia Herrings in boxes, Potash, Old iron barrells, Ration, Fig blue, Checks, Straw Bonnets for La- dies, Rice, Suppenders, And a number of other articles.  The terms will be made known on the day of sale.  N. B. Goods can be had here at any time at the lowest Wholesale and Retail prices by applying to Eliza Robey.  ISRAEL LITTLE, Auct. Navy Yard, July 24—3ctf
FOR SALE,  A VALUABLE tract of LAND contain- ing 217 acres, situated in Montgomery county and state of Maryland, about 7 miles above Georgetown, on the river road, and within a mile of the navigation of Potomac river— This land is very valuable, not only on ac- count of its eligible situation, but also for the quantity of meadow land, and timber thereon. A great bargain may be had in this property, and a credit given till the 20th of November next for two thirds of the purchase money, and a very long credit for the residue, the pay- ments being properly secured, and upon the first payment's being made an unexceptionable title will be given, agreeably to the decision of the Chancellor of Maryland.  Also for Sale, A LOT with the improvements thereon in Washington city, fronting on F. Street a few doors east of the Branch Bank—on this lot are two comfortable framed buildings, one two stories high, with a piazza to each story, the other a single story. This property will be sold either for cash or on a credit, as may be most suitable to the purchaser.  JAMES H. BLAKE. Alexandria, June 19—2w6t