The national intelligencer and Washington advertiser. (Washington City [D.C.]), 1806-09-12 00:00:00

NATIONAL INTELLIGENCER, AND WASHINGTON ADVERTISER.
WASHINGTON CITY, PRINTED BY SAMUEL HARRISON SMITH, PENNSYLVANIA AVENUE.
No. DCCCXXXIII.
FIVE DOLLARS PER ANNUM.
FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 12, 1806.
PAID IN ADVANCE.
WASHINGTON CITY.
FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 12.
FOR THE NATIONAL INTELLIGENCER.
THOUGHTS on the subject of NATAL POWER in the UNITED STATES of AMERICA; and on certain means of encouraging and protecting their Commerce & Manufactures.
No. II.
But if the most interesting and important considerations forbid the dangerous war-speaking, and expensive instrumentality of a large navy to protect our commerce, and since trade is highly desirable, and indispensably necessary to the planters and farmers, it is proper to devise a system of protection for it; and this is an object demanding the temperate investigation and careful reflection of every description of our citizens.
The following questions may help to lead us to the true ground:
1. Should the United States have any navy, and how strong or numerous should it be?
2. What should be the commercial pursuits of the U. S.?
3. By what means, other than a navy, can the U. S. promote and protect their commerce?
To the first question, requiring much calm investigation, it is conceived that the following ideas may serve as an imperfect answer. It is not by force, that we can protect our trade from the great navies of the primary maritime powers; but it is conceived that we cannot at present and ought not to establish a naval force equal to theirs, on account of the monstrous expense, the danger to our civil institutions, and for the other reasons before assigned against the establishment of a great naval power in the U. S. But we may protect our trade by force from the petty and irregular states, whose commerce with us affords no means of acting upon them; such, for example, as the several states of Barbary. A fleet commensurate with such objects and no more appears to be that limited force, which we may establish without any of the objections to a great navy, which have been suggested. If we are to go further in this dangerous and costly operation, it is respectfully recommended, that the subject be first thoroughly examined and well considered.
The second question proposed is, what should be the commercial pursuits of the U. S.? To this it may be generally replied, that no trade whatever, internal or external, which injures agriculture, or benefits the merchants only, at a great expense to the rest of the community, should be pursued.
It is our interest to import implements and materials for manufactures, and manufacturers themselves, which will employ many vessels, rather than to import manufactured goods which will employ very few.
It is our interest to promote and establish internal trade, of which manufactures are a most valuable part, rather than external trade; because the raw materials and family supplies of the American manufacturers, fishermen and coasters are drawn from ourselves, or from our carrying trade, which last is very little promoted by the importation of compact foreign manufactures.
Every act of unlawful impediment, injustice, embarrassment, or injury to our foreign trade, and navigation, and to our navy ought to be a strong and animating incentive to promote domestic trade and manufactures, because they are less subject to those foreign injuries, and because the cultivation of internal trade and manufactures silently operates as a fine or penalty upon the foreign invaders of our maritime rights and the foreign violators of our commercial interests. We should render it perfectly manifest and absolutely certain to Europe, that so far as the American commercial spirit is checked or injured at sea, it will be unceasingly turned to and promoted on the shore. Our cities, towns, and villages must be scenes of commerce or of manufactures. If foreign nations interrupt us in a legitimate course and fair share of the business of supplying ourselves from the cheapest and most convenient sources abroad, we shall, independently of necessity, supply ourselves from existing or new sources at home.
We reasonably desire to secure to ourselves a share of the carriage of our own wrought goods to the foreign manufacturers, and of their manufactures to our markets; and it is our wish to promote the foreign consumption of our products. So far as we prevent the American consumption of foreign manufactures, not made from our own produce, we promote our carriage of our own raw materials, our carriage of foreign manufactures, and the fabrication of our raw materials by foreign manufacturers. Thus, for example, the recent act of Congress on Mr. Nicholson's resolutions, by prohibiting certain articles of wool, linen, silk and
leather, (which are made abroad entirely from foreign materials that we neither grow nor carry) occasions cotton gloves, hose, shirting, sheeting, towelings, table and furniture stuffs to be used, which are made chiefly from the cotton produced on our farms, and in the carriage of which to Europe, we largely participate.
And here we obtain a view of a very important principle, which may assist us in answering the third question, By what means, other than a navy, can we promote and protect our commerce? remembering always, that such commerce must be free from injurious effects upon agriculture, and not unreasonably burdensome on the nation, to be entitled to promotion and protection by our federal legislature.
By all devised acts of Congress, it is firmly believed, that we can do much for the promotion and protection of our trade. It is conceived, that the principles of Mr. Nicholson's bill, rightly understood, are an example of that nature. G. Britain so intercepts and intercepts our seamen, and embargoes, obstructs, and blockades our trade, that we are compelled to increase the encouragements to our manufactures of certain articles; and in order to do this with prudentia , & secure revenue from consumption at the same time, we take the same kind of goods from other foreign nations (with little or no navy to incommode us or not so much in the practice) so far as they can supply them. It may be observed, too, that some among us heartily approved that law, because it would induce G. Britain to manufacture substitutes from our raw cotton for the linen, woollen, silken, and leather goods prohibited; and because we should partake largely in carrying that raw cotton to England—two considerations of great and obvious importance.
Another set of provisions might be made by law for the encouragement of our shipping and commerce. We mean here explicitly to suggest, that we may now adopt many of the regulations of the British navigation act, since we have provided so great a quantity of tonnage, and are well able to maintain and increase our vessels. Before we had so much tonnage, our planters and farmers prudently feared every regulation, which might tend to diminish the number of vessels, which could be expected to carry off our produce, and import supplies. Things are now materially changed, and we have ships enough to carry all we raise, and much more. Those which might yet come hither with cargoes from their own ports, and in ballast, would be numerous and useful in the exportation of our crops.
We may adopt measures to replace the amount of the British four per cent. export or convoy duty imposed on the exportation of their own manufactures to the U. S. It is believed, that the merchants trading to other foreign countries do not pay that extraordinary duty in England, which is the more unsatisfactory because we are the principal consumers and vendors of their manufactures, and because we cannot impose a similar duty on exports from hence for their account, the constitution of the U. S. forbidding all duties on exportations. We never asked the protection, for which the British four per cent. duty is charged, nor do we desire or receive that protection. We are willing entirely to rely on our own neutral flag and vessels under the law of nations. To replace the amount of that duty in the treasury of the U. S. we may either impose an equal duty of four per cent. on all imports from G. Britain by or on account of British subjects, or we may abolish the drawback on all goods so imported.
In the cases wherein we are not admitted, with a real reciprocity, into foreign ports, so as to exclude our ships from the freight of articles which are imported in foreign ships, to the injury of our agriculture and manufactures, as well as of our commerce and navigation, it will be wise deliberately to revise the list of imported articles. For example, we might advance the duty on spirits from the cane, or entirely exclude the entry from all places, into which our ships are not regularly admitted. We can procure liquors from our distilleries of domestic and foreign materials, and from those rum, brandy and wine countries, into which our ships are admitted to carry our produce, and from which they can bring away those foreign commodities.
It seems expedient for us to encourage the importation of sugars, coffee, cocoa, pimento, ginger, pepper, and other spices & groceries from countries beyond the Cape of Good Hope, rather than cotton piece goods, which interfere with our growth of cotton wool, and with the European consumption of that superabundant American raw material. If no India cotton goods were imported, we should lade many ships for Europe with cotton wool, out of which the European manufacturers would make similar cotton stuffs. The American cotton is certainly capable of being wrought into every kind of goods made of that raw material in the E. Indian peninsula. It is the interest of the European
manufacturers, and of the American planters and ship holders, that India should give us groceries instead of piece goods.
A duty upon all goods consigned to foreign merchants, and imported from those colonies, wherein our citizens are taxed beyond their own subjects, merely for exercising their profession of merchants or restrained from commerce, would contribute to indemnify our superabundant trading seamen.
The exclusion of colonial and fishing ships from entry in our ports, in the case of a power which excludes our vessels from their colonies and fishing ports would appear reasonable.
The exclusion of the produce of the fisheries of a foreign nation, which excludes absolutely or in effect nearly all our similar articles, seems to be equitable.
We may enact some laws to promote the foreign consumption of American produce, in order that the means of remittance in goods of our own growth may be afforded, and that we may have the opportunity to partake in carrying them abroad. We have no redundancy of wool, flax, hemp, silk or leather to export, because we manufacture more than we produce and all we can import. Let us suppose, therefore, that our duties, ad valorem , upon all goods made of those raw materials were (for mere example) at 25 per cent. at a medium. We now grow forty or fifty millions of pounds of cotton wool, and can easily produce much more. Let us suppose, therefore, our duties, ad valorem , upon all goods made of that raw material from Europe were fixed (for example also) at 15 per cent. The difference of 10 per cent. would operate as a premium for the consumption of piece goods made abroad of our own cotton in most instances, in preference to goods made in Europe of foreign wool, flax, hemp, silk or leather—articles which we never produce for sale abroad. The duty of 25 per cent. upon foreign linens and woollens would be in favor of our own manufactures of flax, hemp and wool.
One more example will be offered, cautiously premising that it is perfectly novel, and for that and other reasons should be carefully examined. It is proposed for consideration, that every future injury, either in person or property, unlawfully done to any American citizen by any foreign power, officer or agent, shall be a subject of investigation and decision before a standing board of commissioners, to be created by law, and sitting in foro conscientie ; that every such future injury shall be estimated in the form of an indemnification in money to the suffering citizen or his representatives; that evidences of the sums due therefor shall be issued, bearing interest from their respective dates; that the claim for which they shall be respectively issued shall be assigned to the government of the U. S.; that an application for just compensation shall be made by our government, thus placed in the situation of the sufferer; that if the demands of this nature, ascertained in any half year, shall not be satisfied within one year, the President of the U. S. shall be authorized to direct the collection of an additional duty upon the produce and manufactures of the injuring country to cover the same, and he shall be requested to cause the same to be reported to the legislature; and that a like process shall be pursued half yearly, in order to indemnify the injured citizens of the U. S. out of the industry of the spoilers.
These remedies for the various commercial injuries we sustain, are cautiously suggested for timely consideration. They are merely intended to exemplify the nature of the principles on which we may proceed in consequence. If no such injuries were in existence, or in contemplation, we need not claim act for the indemnification and protection of our citizens, nor to secure our just share in the commerce of our country and of the world. We probably should not think of adopting these or any other measures to force manufactures, but for such weighty reasons as the necessary support of our agriculture, and the employment of the injured merchants, manufacturers, and sea port citizens and laborers. The U. S. for a long time, omitted to use the best defence of navigation, commerce and manufactures—well provisioned laws. The great object of this limited sketch is openly to submit to the country a respectful suggestion, that the whole circle of our commercial rights and interests, internal and external, can be more cheaply, more safely, and more effectually defended by wholesome statutes, than by a dangerous and costly establishment of naval power.
* Including our seafaring citizens of course, and with a particular eye to their interesting case.
† It is respectfully conceived, that the case of Skane might be immediately put upon this footing, including all under contracts, made as prescribed by our national laws.
FOR THE NATIONAL INTELLIGENCER.
No. II.
"Labor is the price at which the Gods sell us all the goods of life."
THE discreet politician, the wise and just legislator, ever sensible of the grand source, and basis upon which all human enjoyments are built, will be disposed to exercise the most lively attentions, and fostering care, for the rights, interests, & meritorious claims of the industrious, laborious part of the community. Those who labor not (who have placed themselves above the necessity, or obligation of it) having already found means to draw a revenue from their fellow citizens, need not the encouragement of the laws, to invite their too frequent usurpations. According to the maxim; let the laws protect the poor; for the rich can always find means to secure themselves; the perfection of government, or civil institutions, would consist in such happy arrangement, as might enable each individual in society, to enjoy emoluments, proportioned to the usefulness of his labors. This perfection, altho' never attainable in a state of humanity, is nevertheless the sublime copy, towards the imitation of which, the most virtuous efforts of enlightened legislators, should always be directed. And herein, they are not in danger of erring, or exceeding the bounds of discreet policy, by the utmost liberality towards the incalculable just claims of the all supporting husbandman: Whose sweat and toils, agreeably to our motto, constitute the price, and purchase of those indispensable materials, which go to construct and adorn the whole fabric of human happiness.
Some political writers of Europe, considering the state of wretchedness, indigence, and miserable dependence of poor laborers, who, have no property of land, have expressed a doubt, whether equal and just governments be at all practicable, in a community composed of landlords and tenants. In this view, they have suggested the desperate remedy, of a general confiscation, and re-distribution of property. And, even in our own country, the school of republican equality, our laws contain many invidious distinctions, between freeholders and others. If, therefore, such be the decided importance of a property of land, that a man cannot enjoy civil liberty, nor be in all respects a free citizen without it; if moreover, it be an obvious known truth, that no possession in society is more peculiarly adapted to maintain, and secure the independent and comfortable enjoyment of life; surely a wise and virtuous statesman will rejoice in the occasion of promoting an interest of such singular importance to humanity. But what shall we, or what will the enlightened world think of the conduct and principles of that government, which having power of the original distribution, denies to worthy citizens, the opportunity of attaining a right so indispensable? Not to mention the sacred duty, and high obligation of republican rulers, to support, improve & cherish our happy institutions; discreetly balancing, & opposing the general interest, common right, and invincible attachment of the many, as convenient barriers, against the usurpation of the few.
Those legislative measures, which are calculated to produce great and sudden changes in the value of property, without reason elevating some, and depressing others, should be carefully avoided, as discouraging to useful industry, & highly injurious to the commonwealth. Such dispositions are adapted to promote only the interests, and opportunities of speculation. This was the effect produced (and most probably contemplated, by the leaders of the prevailing faction) when the price of the public lands was suddenly raised, from one or two shillings, to two dollars per acre. The few were exalted; the many depressed; and the industrious poor man of the frontier, having all his hopes and prospects dashed at a single stroke; was rendered seven-fold poorer, and more dependent, than he had been. The circumstance of our state lands being laid open to actual settlers; about the same time, did indeed produce some mitigation, and temporary prospect of relief. But even this consolation quickly vanished from before his eyes, like ignis fatuus , serving only to bewilder and lead the poor man astray. It is truly a subject of serious and painful regret, to such as can duly appreciate the cause of justice and humanity, that the honor of republican legislation should seem to require us, to pass over, in silence, the whole progress, and present state of that business! However, as the general value, or estimation of property and possessions, by a natural tendency, is now regulated and adjusted to the federal standard of two dollars; and many worthy settlers have purchased upon this scale (not to mention the very great change of circumstances; and the propriety of a prudent attention to fiscal considerations) I am of opinion that no advantage, not even to the frontier inhabitants, could be expected to result, from lowering the price of
the public lands, at this time—(still saying to every citizen his natural, just, and necessary right.) On the contrary, as unimproved land has generally been sold, at second hand, for three or four dollars per acre; if I would propose to raise the price of that, which shall be offered for sale, to three dollars. Thus substituting the revenue in the place of the useless speculator; and deriving to the public treasury the whole profits, which can be raised from the savage desert state, to the actual occupancy of the cultivator. For, these profits, arising solely from the increase of value, produced by the instant labors of cultivation, are, in effect, none other than a tax, or portion subtracted from the productive industry of settlers. But this, however just and reasonable it might be, as a public tax, in consideration of the due advantages of their situation, is nevertheless altogether injurious, and impolitic, when derived to the undue emolument of private individuals. In order, therefore, to supercede entirely the incentives to useless monopoly, it, upon a nearer view of the subject, it might be found expedient, we should not object to fixing the price at four dollars per acre. This might only protract a little longer, the commencement of sales; and that perhaps very conveniently, (preventing competitions) till the increasing population, and occasion of culture, would create a more natural & sufficient demand; and after this period, the sales would progress with equal steadiness, as if they had been set at any lower rate; and with proportionably greater productiveness to the revenue. Moreover, the holding these lands at a respectable price, might have a beneficial tendency to counteract any injurious fluctuation of the value of frontier possessions in general, which might be produced by the just, and necessary encouragement, and emigration of actual settlers. I say just and necessary, because I presume it may with reason be deemed altogether unjust and unnecessary, any longer to support, or augment the wealth, ease, and indolence of some; by inhibiting, and frustrating the rights, and most precious opportunities of others; thus consigning multitudes both of the present and future generations, to indigence and a degree of bondage, in this so blessed, and highly favored country; where politics, nature, and providence, evidently combine to indicate the sacred duty, & afford the abundant means of freedom, competence, happiness, and safety to ALL!—However, as it is easier to argue upon general principles, than to enter with success into the practical details of a legislative subject, (for as the proverb says; It is much easier to find faults than to make a better of it ) it may not be improper to describe more particularly, a few leading features of the mode of disposition, contemplated as desirable; and which, it is presumed, may in some measure, comport with the just claims, and various interests of the whole community. This sketch, however imperfect, will nevertheless be consistent with our adopted motto; that in hearing the multitude of opinions there is safety. It were indeed to be wished, that, on a question of so great & general concernment, the more intelligent every where, would take pains to communicate their sentiments; and especially those of the western or frontier country, who, from their local situation and opportunities, may be better acquainted with the subject.
PLAN OF SETTLEMENT.
1. Let the country be laid off in townships, omitting the customary demarcation into sections, as superfluous, interrupting the natural connexion of lands; and not comporting with any convenient mode of settlement. And let suitable reservations be appointed for public purposes.
2. Let any citizen of the U. S. (male or female), of full age, and unmarried, be authorised to take possession of any vacant spot (making due entry of the same in the proper office) and be entitled (in fee) to such quantity of land, not exceeding twenty-five acres, as he shall enclose with sufficient good fence, and clear fit for the plow, within one year, and put under actual cultivation within two years, after such entry, (which may be called an improvement right,) and also be entitled to such farther quantity, not exceeding one hundred acres, as he shall purchase at the office rates; to be surveyed contiguous to the said improvement. Provided, that the female, being resident in the vicinity, shall hold her right of twenty-five acres, unalienable, exclusive of actual improvement.
3. Let any citizen of the U. S. of 20 years of age and upwards, who having been married, has assumed the care of a family, (or any female sole in like situation) be entitled to a right of improvement, in manner as aforesaid. And also to 20 acres for himself, 25 acres for his wife, she being resident in the vicinity, and 10 acres for each child under age; to be surveyed to him free of all costs. This may be called a family settlement right; and shall be unalienable, until after seven years actual possession and cultivation, but may be legally exchanged for another settlement right, or for an equal quantity of other lands.

which shall thenceforth become subject to the same conditions) in either case giving or receiving odds. And the said citizen shall be entitled to such further quantity of land, as he shall purchase at the office rates; to be surveyed contiguous to one of his other rights, and not exceeding the amount of both. The aforesaid purchases, as enjoying a pre-emption, shall be bona fide for the proper use of the party, and subject to confiscation by any collusion, for the benefit of another. All these to be located according to priority, at the discretion of the owner, and surveyed in such due form, that the greatest length shall not exceed twice the greatest breadth of any tract. And for the better and more prompt accommodation of successive improvers and locators, let each survey be distinctly marked, at visible distances, and proper plots or charts of the whole be exhibited in the office for the information of all concerned.
4. Let the whole amount of improvement and settlement rights, granted in any township, not exceed a fourth part of the same. And so soon as a township shall have attained its quantity of settlement, the remainder to be exhibited for sale, in the proper office, at THREE dollars per acre, to be paid previous to the issuing of any warrant. And the said warrants to be located according to priority, and surveyed in form as aforesaid.
5. Let the several townships most obvious to settlement, be successively explored by public appointment, and all useful information impartially exhibited at the land office, for the common benefit. This might save to emigrants the expense of previous visitation; and the waste of time on their first arrival, which is so precious to themselves, and the whole community; in hastening and augmenting the crops necessary to secure a future subsistence. For if an individual, or a whole settlement, cannot supply itself the second season from the product of the former, it is liable to languish for a considerable time. This great evil and incalculable back-set, is more especially incident to a collection of people of small resources. In this view we should discreetly foresee and provide against every casualty which may counteract or defeat the success of our plan. The article of the improvement right is predicated upon this principle. And other provisions might be superadded.
But methinks I already perceive the invidious sneers, as I have anticipated the decided opposition, of proud aristocrats, and lordly speculators. Whose noxious interests, and insidious practices, sufficiently indicate their inveterate hostility, and contempt for the humble rights of a description of persons, which might constitute a large proportion of such first settlements. However, the humane republican legislator, will not be diverted from the great objects of his honorable appointment. He will never cease to employ with diligence those ample means, which Providence, and the delegated confidence of his fellow citizens have placed under his jurisdiction, in a manner calculated to diffuse happiness through the remotest branches of the community. Sublime task! Truly worthy of the benevolence of a philosopher, the philanthropy of a christian! To translate multitudes of fellow-men, with their rising families, from the hopeless habitations of indigence, to the enjoyment of useful competence and brightening prospects!
A FARMER. West Middletown.
Among the papers which we have recently received from New Orleans, we find the following resolutions of the legislative body of the Orleans territory. They relate to an object of equal importance and delicacy. The course taken is unusual. How far it will ensure the end contemplated time only can determine.
Resolved by the Legislative Council and House of Representatives of the Territory of Orleans in general assembly convened, That both branches of the legislature, shall appoint James Brown and Moreau Lislet, lawyers, whose duty it shall be to compile and prepare, jointly, a civil code for the use of this territory.
Resolved, That the two jurisconsults shall make the civil law by which this territory is now governed, the ground work of said code.
Resolved, That both houses shall appoint separately a committee to consist of four members of the House of Representatives, and of two members of the legislative council.
That said committee shall be bound to meet, whenever requested so to do by the jurisconsults; in order to examine and to discuss such parts of the new code as may be completed.
That the place of this meeting and the mode of its convention shall be fixed on by the committee, and by them communicated to the jurisconsults.
Resolved, That the two jurisconsults shall be present at the meetings of the committee and shall have a right to debate.
Resolved, That whenever the opinion of the committee, after the discussion of any article of the new code shall be in opposition with the opinion of the two jurisconsults, this opinion of the committee shall be put down in writing, and submitted to the legislature, when the legislature shall take up the discussion of the said code.
Resolved, That no compensation shall be allowed to the members of the committee, and the indemnity justly due to the jurisconsults shall be determined by the legislature at their next session.
Resolved, That when the new code shall be adopted by the legislature, the two jurisconsults entrusted with the redaction of said code, shall receive for five years out of the treasury of the territory the sum of eight hundred dollars each, every year.
Resolved, That in consideration of said sum, and during all the time the said sum shall be to be paid, it shall be the duty of the two jurisconsults to attend as much as possible the superior and inferior courts in the city of New Orleans, in order there to take notice of any imperfections in the new code, owing either to the ambiguity of expressions, or omissions and contradictions, &c. and it shall be the duty of the said jurisconsults to submit faithfully their observations thereon to the legislature; and to submit to those observations, the additions, corrections and amendments which they may deem necessary, in order to enable the legislature to make this new code as perfect as possible.
Resolved, That the said committee be hereby duly empowered to make such appropriations as may be deemed necessary, for the expenses incurred by the copies, translations, and the like, which may arise from the formation of the civil code, and to issue warrants for that purpose on the treasurer of this territory.
Extract of a letter from Norfolk, dated 7th Sept. 1806:
"The British frigate MELAMPUS has arrived in Hampton Road from Plymouth, Eng. in quest of supplies. Sir Richard Strachan's fleet is off the Cape, and bound in, I have heard. Some of the ships are in distress from the gale. The report of a French 84 arriving in Hampton Road proved incorrect."
Kotzebue, in his travels in 1804, observes, "The temper of the Swiss still resembles the ruffled surface of the deep, out of which a subterraneous fire has suddenly projected some rocks, against which the confined surges dash their impotent spray." But as this is the country of Gesner, and has furnished the best modern pastorals, and the best examples of the manners which imagination has assigned to the pastoral life, we shall cite one example from Lantier's Swiss Tourist, and which happened in the first years of Liberty. A peasant, named Frantz, came one evening to look for Gaspard, who was mowing a meadow, and said, "my friend, this is hay harvest. Thou knowest that we have a dispute about this meadow: we know not to whom it properly belongs. To decide the question I have collected the judges at Schwitz. Come, then, to-morrow with me, before them." Gaspard replied, "Thou seest, Frantz, that I have mowed the meadow, and must make the hay to-morrow. I cannot be absent." Said Frantz, "And I cannot send away the judges, who have fixed on the day. Indeed we should have known to whom it belonged before it had been mown." They had some controversy on the subject, and at last Gaspard said, "I will tell thee what thou shalt do. Go to-morrow to Schwitz. Give the judges thy reasons and mine; and I shall save the trouble of going myself." On this agreement Frantz went to plead for and against himself, and drew out the reasons on both sides as well as he could. When the judges had decided, he went to Gaspard and said, "The meadow is thine—The sentence is in thy favor; and I wish thee joy." Frantz and Gaspard continued friends. People the earth with such men, and the world will be happy. Salem Reg.
Extract of a letter from St. James, Santee. S. C. dated Aug. 24th,
"I never expected to have seen another gale equal to that of September, 1804: however, in this neighborhood, we have witnessed a much severer one. On Friday night last it blew, if possible twice as hard as in the last hurricane—you may imagine how hard, when I state that there is scarcely a tree left in our yard; such as are not blown up by the roots are broken off, and the roads covered with trees. My rice, being planted late, has not suffered so much, as it was just getting in ear. Had it been three weeks later, I should not have made a barrel. My cotton is completely ruined, twisted and smashed all to pieces, and I do not expect to make 10 bales out of 94 acres."
Extract of a letter from a gentleman in Georgetown (S. C.) dated 15th August, 1806.
"I take the liberty to enclose you a notice of the Light House on North Island having been blown down. The gale by which this accident happened, was more severe than the one which took place in September, 1804; fortunately there was but little casting in the wind, for which circumstance the rice crops have received but little damage, the tide not rising higher than it frequently does with the springs."
"The crops on the upland have been considerably damaged, and the roads rendered almost impassable from the number of trees thrown across them. Our town suffered but little damage; the frame of a store, with the roof of a house, just raised and inclosed, was thrown down, and most of the fences with a number of trees, which served the double purpose of ornament and shade, were thrown down in different directions, about the streets."
Extract of a letter from a gentleman at Natchez, dated August 2, 1806.
"On or about the 18th of July ult. a detachment of Spanish troops, consisting of 308, under the command of Capt.
Viand, the commandant of Nagadoches, and inspector of the troops of his Catholic Majesty in the interior provinces, arrived at the Caddo village, near Red river above Natchitoches, demanded information relative to the exploring party under the direction of Major Freeman, which had passed the Caddo village some days before, cut down and carried away a flag of the United States, which the Caddoes had hoisted in their town, informing them that the flag of the United States had no business there, & that that part of the country was under the dominion of Spain, and forbidding the Caddo chief in future from holding talks, trading or having any intercourse whatever with the Americans—after which the Spaniards took their departure in pursuit of the exploring party, and informed the Caddo chief that they were going to take, kill or drive them back."
"We have likewise accounts from Bayou-Prince, of the arrival at that place of Col. Errara, late governor of Montevideo, with six companies of cavalry, said to contain one hundred each, with several pieces of cannon; and several companies of troops more are on their way from St. Antonio."
Philadelphia, Sept. 6.
CHARLES PETTIT.
The hand of time removes, with a quick and painful certainty, the characters endeared to our country, by revolutionary merit, as well as by personal worth. To the long list of the patriots of the revolution who died since the peace of 1783, the name of CHARLES PETTIT was added, on the morning of Wednesday last.
This gentleman was educated, and practised with reputation, as a lawyer. At the commencement of the revolution, he was secretary of New Jersey (the province in which he was born) under governor Franklin, the son of the American sage. He immediately, however, joined the standard of independence; & throughout the memorable contest, he was a constant, a faithful, and an efficient public agent. By a resolution of Congress, he was associated, with his friends Gen. GREEN and Col. COXE, in the department of Quarter-Master General to the American army; and those friends, who well knew the intelligence of his mind, the force of his industry, and the ardour of his patriotism, with a merited and fortunate confidence, devolved upon him the principal execution of this arduous trust. Gen. WASHINGTON, who praised him; the soldiers who loved him; and the government, who thanked (but did not, perhaps, sufficiently reward) him; have borne testimony of his meritorious and exemplary services, in every vicissitude of the war.
On the declaration of peace, Mr. Pettit chose Philadelphia for his residence, & became one of the most intelligent, active, and influential merchants of the city. He still, however, participated in public business. He was an active agent to procure a fair provision for the public creditors; himself, it is true, having become, in very hazardous times to almost the extent of his fortune, a public creditor. As a member of the legislature of Pennsylvania, he was the author of the funding system of the state: not with a view to embarrass the then existing federal government, but with a view to alleviate the distresses of his constituents, till the federal government had acquired the power to do them justice. He was, also, a delegate in Congress, under the confederation; and then, for the benefit of the union, as well as of the state, he acquired the general confidence: employing that confidence in the advancement of the public good, regardless of personal advantage. On the great question, relative to the present constitution of the U. S. he stated his objections, with firmness; but he recommended its adoption with candour; & it is known, that he became the principle instrument of subduing the Pennsylvania opposition, by his conciliatory conduct, and forcible reasoning, as a conferee, at the general conference which was held at Harrisburgh, previously to the ultimate vote of ratification.
For some years, Mr. Pettit has mingled little in the controversies, and felt little of the cares, of public life. As a man of business, however, he has displayed great talents, assiduity and fidelity, in presiding, for many years, over the first incorporated Insurance Company of Philadelphia. As a member of society, he has circulated useful information; settled commercial disputes; and cultivated by precept, as well as by example, "Peace on earth, and good will towards men." While as the father of a numerous, and respectable, & respected offspring, he has raised a monument to perpetuate the memory of his domestic virtues & affections, which shall endure, as long as the feeling of gratitude can influence the present generation, or the narrative of truth, can awaken the sensibility of their posterity.
CHARLES PETTIT, in the 70th year of his age, has thus been committed to the grave—leaving to his children an inheritance, infinitely more valuable than lands or chattels—the inheritance of his good name; which never was tainted with the suspicion of abusing a public trust; nor with the reproach of betraying a private friendship.
The hand that delivers this testimonial to the public, delivers it from the heart of one, who, for many years, knew, loved, and respected him.
Capt. Wilson arrived on Friday last in 35 days from Gibraltar, and informs, that intelligence had reached that place the day before he failed, of an engagement having taken place between the French and Neapolitan troops before Gaeta, which had terminated very unfavorably for the French. They having experienced great loss in killed, wounded and prisoners, besides the destruction of the besieging batteries which had taken them several months to erect.
N. Y. Paper.
New-York, Sept. 8.
By the arrival of the brig Vigilant, captain Christie, in 19 days from Kingston, Jamaica, we are furnished with files of Jamaica papers to the 15th of August. On the 12th of August, the schooner Stagg, Eskell, arrived at Kingston, in 4 days from Aruba, bringing intelligence that General Miranda, after all the difficulties he had met with, had at last effected a landing on the Maine, and had taken Coro. The following particulars are from our Kingston papers:
KINGSTON, Aug. 12.
By the schooner Stagg, we learn that General Miranda in the Leader, accompanied with thirteen vessels, among which there were one or two ships, had arrived on the coast of South America, and landed near Coro, of which he had got possession, and, by the reports prevalent at the departure of the Stagg from Aruba, had been successful in several engagements with the Spaniards, and was penetrating into the Country.
August 12.
We yesterday mentioned the arrival of the expedition under General Miranda, on the Spanish Main, and his subsequent success; we are now, however, enabled to state the particulars somewhat more accurately. While captain Eskell was taking in his cargo at Cape St. Roman on the Spanish coast, an overland dispatch was received there, containing accounts of General Miranda having effected a landing at Coro, (which is said to be only 12 hours sail from Aruba) that he had captured it, & was proceeding up the country. It was also asserted, that he was daily joined by the Spaniards, and had several skirmishes with the government forces, in all of which he had been successful. The gentleman who furnished the cargo for the Stagg, informed the captain of her, that he was obliged to be under arms the next morning at day-light, as every person not found in arms against Miranda was considered as his accomplice, and instantly executed. Miranda is aided by a British force, but the exact number is not ascertained. He had been joined by a British frigate.
Baltimore, Sept. 8.
Further circumstances and particulars, relative to the French fleet.
The gale which separated them commenced on the 19th ult. and not on the 10th—at which time they had in tow an American schooner from St. Domingo, but to what port belonging or to where bound is not known—a latitude was fixed on in case of separation in which the fleet was to join. The Patriot cruized in the stated latitude for some time, but seeing none of the fleet appear, thought proper to put into the Chesapeake to repair, which she entered on the 28th.
Great fears are entertained for the safety of the British West-India fleet, as it is certain they were in the gale. The Cumberland, one of the fleet, has been totally lost, the captain has arrived here, but can give no information respecting the safety of the rest.
In our Gibraltar Chronicle of July 12, we observe a paragraph stating that the Spanish government had issued orders to put 18 regiments of infantry, two of artillery, and 12 of militia, on the war footing. The conjectures concerning their destination are various—the following are mentioned—1st. An approaching rupture with France—2d. The regulars to be sent on a foreign expedition and the militia to do duty in the interior—this opinion is corroborated by the fact, of orders being sent to the commander of the Cadiz squadron, consisting of eight sail of the line, to hold himself in readiness to sail at a moment's warning; and by the well known want in which Spanish America stands of the assistance of the mother country, (owing to Miranda's expedition,) it is supposed to be intended for that place. The 3d opinion is, that they are intended to garrison the Portuguese ports, which are to exclude English ships, and thereby save French troops the trouble—of overrunning the whole country.
LATEST FROM EUROPE.
By the Fair American we have received London papers to the 23d of July. Their contents are not very important. There is every appearance of a rigid prosecution of the war, and the idea of peace seems to have vanished like a golden dream, leaving no traces worth depending on. On this subject private letters from London speak positive as to a continuance of the war—one, of which we were favored with a perusal by a friend, dated 22d July says, "you may rely on there being no peace as yet. Those who seemed most sanguine are beginning to acknowledge themselves deceived—while every act of the ministry, and the arrival and departure of every courier to the continent is watched, and their intentions and business interrupted. But all will not do—the people begin to find themselves imposed on by stock jobbers. A courier arrived yesterday from France, a cabinet council was immediately held, and peace was soon after resounded on 'change,' but it is actually understood that Bonaparte has refused to negotiate until England acknowledges his continental regulations, and then he will treat with her for peace on terms most suitable to form the happiness of Europe and the prosperity of the French empire."
Other letters mention the prosperous state of American affairs, and the good light in which Mr. Pinckney's mediation was viewed.
It is stated that Bonaparte has obtained leave of the Porte to march an army through the Turkish provinces into Egypt, a measure indicative of his intention to carry on the war far and near.
There was no debate of consequence in Parliament for the last few days, being principally engaged in local matters. We observe three days debate on the most proper manner to preserve the manure of the barracks from being fraudulently made way with.—An important subject truly!
A cabinet council was held on the 21st, on which his majesty's speech for the prorogation of Parliament was read.
Petersburg, Sept. 2. CROPS.
It is confidently believed, that the late rains have tended considerably to repair the damages which were sustained by the long and uncommon drought that has visited our state; and some expectations may now be reasonably entertained, that the crops of corn will not be so scanty as our fears led us to believe. We know ourselves, from actual observation, that in the lower country, the corn, in its present state, is extremely promising, and no doubt existed that the final product would more than supply the wants of the inhabitants.—Some of the wealthiest farmers were sanguine in the belief, that their granaries would be stocked with the usual quantity—indeed, we no where heard the accents of despair which seem to quaver on the lips of every one in the neighborhood of Petersburg. We have no doubt, that the plentiful rains, which for ten days past have gladdened the face of nature, will prove equally beneficial in every portion of the country.
From the London Courier, of June 28th
THE NEW MINISTERS.
What have they done? It is now surely high time to ask the question.—The public, who have been some months amused with promises and professions, will do well to pause and enquire how those professions have been fulfilled, and those promises performed. What have the Ministers done? The question, we know, will stagger the ministers themselves as well as the public. What have they done? These mighty boastors, these mighty magnificent professors, these lovers of the constitution, these ministers, who concentrate all the talents and all the wisdom, and all the patriotism, and all the consequence of the country!
Their attachment to the constitution! Are we to look for the proof of it in the appointment of the chief justice of the king's bench to a seat in the cabinet, thus mixing the judicial and executive authorities, and bestowing power without responsibility?
Their vigor! Are we to seek for it in the manner in which they have changed the constitution of the army—the vigor that is shewn in destroying and pulling down?
Their justice! Was it evinced in immediately displacing admiral Cornwallis from the command of the channel fleet, without any public testimony of regard or recompense? In not only refraining from all public thanks to sir Home Popham and sir David Baird; but if report speaks true, in recalling the former and revoking all the appointments he has made at the cape.
Their economy! Are we to look for it in their creation of new places—in their plans of military government—in their grants of extravagant sinecures to such men as Mr. Cavendish Bradshaw—in their pensions to judges convicted of libels?
Their experience in legislation! Are we to find a conspicuous proof of it in the Chelsea allowance and other bills, brought in since they have been in power?
Their judgment and steadiness! Do they mean to refer us for proofs to the manner in which they have selected objects of taxation and afterwards abandoned them—to the iron and brewing taxes?
Their knowledge of the true interests of our commerce and shipping! Shall we discover it in that precious measure, the American intercourse bill, which has alarmed the shipping interest thro' the whole kingdom.
Their love of full and ample discussion! Are we to seek for it in the manner in which they introduced the plan for changing the constitution of the army; a plan introduced in the shape of a clause in a bill; by which four stages of debate were cut off at "one tell swoop" and less discussion allowed than is permitted to the commonest turnpike or canal bill.
Is not this what the new ministers have done? Is not this the manner in which they have justified their claim to the possession of all the talents, all the experience, all the judgment of the country? Is not this the manner in which they have justified the confidence of the credulous people who thanked them before they had done any other act

except that of accepting the places they had so long been ambitious of? They have done nothing corresponding with any one of their promises or professions—nothing that betrays vigor, (their conduct to Prussia excepted) ability or skill—nothing that justifies their arrogant claims to the possession of all the talents, all the experience & all the judgment of the country. The talent to govern a nation is very different from that which enables a man to be a brawler and factious in opposition. Because they invariably complained of the administration of Mr. Pitt, the public inconsiderately believed that they could govern the country better.
Mr. Fox has succeeded Mr. Pitt, and how is our situation improved? Excellent and illustrious statesman! What tributes are thy successors daily paying to thy transcendent talents! What additional motives does their conduct furnish hourly for deploving thy death! Let the public follow the track of these new ministers from the commencement of the present session of parliament—never, we will venture to say, was such a system of clumsy legislation seen—what vacillation on their financial system!—What inconsiderateness in proposing taxes!—What levity in abandoning them!—What ignorance of the details of business!—What procrastination!—Yet such is the administration which the people were desired to fall down and worship—such are the ministers who sounded forth their own praises from one end of the kingdom to the other, as concentrating all the abilities, all the eloquence, all the character, and all the consequence of the country!
MISCELLANEOUS ARTICLES.
Mr. Fox proceeds as we expected. Lord H. Petty has proposed a bill for the relief of persons having large families from the property tax. A motion was made by Sir John Newport Member in the Commons of England, for leave to bring in a bill, with the advice and concurrence of the King's ministers, as the first step to a perfect reciprocity in the exchange of such articles of the growth of either island, as might be advantageous to the other, in the same manner as if they were but one country; and to place the ports of either nation on the same footing as to the neutral interchange of grain from one country to the other, as the ports of each were with respect to themselves respectively. A wish was expressed, and prevailed in the house, that all distinctions should be done away; and that a line should be drawn which should make the interests of both countries one and the same; so that each might derive benefit from the prosperity of the other. Mr. Foster, the celebrated Irish patriot and economist, approved the measure, but feared the prejudice of the English farmers would be opposed to it. It was referred to a committee.
A charge against the late Governor General of India (Marquis Wellesley) was ordered for consideration in the Commons.
The English newspapers are now in the habit of mentioning every thing done hostile to England in America, as the doings of "the French faction in America."
On the 24th of June last died at Tunbridge Wells, Charles Francis Sheridan, Esq. the celebrated historian of the Revolution of Sweden, and brother to that illustrious Senator & Poet, Richard Brinsley Sheridan.
50 Dollars Reward.
RANAWAY from the subscriber, on the 20th ult. mulatto JOE. Joe is a float well made dark mulatto fellow, 5 feet 9 or 10 inches high; about 30 years of age—has several large scars on his hands and body, lips a little. Had on and took with him, a tow linen shirt & trowsers, one pair of nankeen trowsers, also one old furtrout coat and old fur hat much worn. Joe can write a tolerable good hand, & has run away before, when he was taken up & put in the Frederick town jail & sold out by George Cresser in 1805. Any person taking up said fellow, and securing him in any jail so that I get him again, shall receive if taken within the county, 20 dollars, and if out of the state the above reward. If brought home all reasonable charges will be paid by the subscriber living in Frederick county, Md. near New Market.
SINGLETON BURGER.
N. B. I forewarn all persons from harboring or carrying off said fellow at their peril. P. S. Joe ran off in company with a fellow named Adam, and they were both lately advertised together; since which Adam has been taken and secured in the jail of York, (Pa.) Joe went in the same direction, and will probably make for Philadelphia, and endeavor to get on board some vessel and go to sea. Sept. 12—epf
FOR SALE,
On Saturday the 13th inst. A one Story Frame HOUSE and LOT on 2nd street west near the Hotel—the Lot is 100 feet by 25 and 12 feet. A number of other articles will be offered for sale at the same time. CHARLES DENT. September 12—12
PUBLIC AUCTION.
WILL be sold at Public Auction on Saturday 13th inst. at the Auction Store at 1 o'clock, P. M. the following articles, viz. 11 cotton jackets, 1 blanket, 8 pair shoe brushes, 16 jack knives, 9 pound thread, 1 chest tea, 2 boxes soap. N. L. QUEEN, Auct. Sept. 12—12
FROM THE AMERICAN MERCURY.
CIRCULAR.
SIR, WHEN the system, adopted by the republicans of this state, at their general meeting in October last, was made known to the federalists, by the publication of our circular the last spring, it received the sanction of their multiplied attacks and denunciations. Their clamour against the system was a clear manifestation of their dread of its effects. It has since been tested by experiment and the result has demonstrated that it was fairly entitled to the eulogium of their bitterest hatred. Our success, at the last election, exceeded our calculations—It was an occasion of exultation to republicans, but of despair to federalists. It is now perfectly understood by both parties that republican principles are rapidly gaining ground in the state, and that they will finally triumph, and the only difference of opinion on this point relates to the time when. The returns that have been made to me, tho' they are incomplete, render this consoling fact sufficiently clear that, in point of numbers of legal voters, we are at this moment, equal, at least, to the federalists. The period of our triumph then depends on ourselves. If we exert ourselves with an energy equal to that of the federalists the victory must be ours, but if, for any cause, we permit our exertions to flag, the struggle will be prolonged. The republican spirit should be roused in every section of the state, in every family where it exists. In order to the perfect, and easy accomplishment of this, our system was formed. To ascertain the relative strength of the parties by an actual enumeration—and to bring the whole republican force into the field on the days of election, are the objects of the regulations detailed in our circular of last spring. Permit me, sir, to remind you that the republican cause demands of you at this moment a spirited performance of the duties which as county manager you have assumed on yourself. Let our adversaries say, if they please, that these regulations are destructive of the freedom of election. It would doubtless please them better if we were to act without system, without order, because, in that case, the perfect concert with which they are known to act, would stand them instead of numbers, and, though a minority, they would be sure to triumph.
Among the various expedients of the federalists to maintain their majorities, especially in towns where the parties have been nearly balanced, that of deterring by promises or threats, individual republicans, who have been within the reach of their influence, from attending elections, was frequently resorted to. It was believed that, to collect and publish an account of each transaction of this kind, would be useful, either by deterring the offenders from a repetition of the offence from a dread of the opprobrium attached to the transaction, or by rendering a cause supported by such means, odious to the honest part of the community. For this purpose, the town and district managers were requested to note in a book the name of each republican that should be absent from primaries, and to ascertain and note also the causes of absence; that if it had been occasioned by any improper conduct of federalists it might be made public.—As this regulation did not carry on the face of it an explanation of its object, it was susceptible of misrepresentation, and as a matter of course it has been grossly misrepresented. The federalists have exalted it into a denunciation of republican vengeance on every man, of our party, who should dare to absent himself from elections in defiance of the despotic mandates of the state managers! They have declaimed against it as a death blow to the freedom of elections.—For myself I have been of opinion that to undertake seriously to refute a charge like this, would be an insult to the understandings of the citizens of Connecticut; but as it is said that the minds of some republicans have been, in fact disturbed by it, it is doubtless proper that it be explained. Republican vengeance? Ridiculous! In what mode or by what means are the republicans of Connecticut to wreak their vengeance? Alas! we have not the power to protect ourselves, we have at present nothing to oppose to the vengeance of our enemies but our patience and our fortitude in enduring injuries. I can suppose a case in which alarm would be well founded. If we had the powers of government in our hands—if we had all the offices in the state at our disposal—if those offices were uniformly applied to purchase implicit obedience to our decrees—if the courts of justice were ours and perverted into mere powerful engines of faction, with which we might crush to atoms all those enemies whom we could bring within their sweep—if we had, under our command, a powerful body of clergy, employed in sacrificing on the altars dedicated to the God of love and truth, the mangled reputations of those we feared or hated—if we had deprived the citizens of the most important of their rights, in order that our creatures might have it in their power to decide on the qualifications of citizens claiming the rights of electors—if those creatures were found, in defiance of law and decency, deciding in favor of our friends and against our enemies—if, by having the Banks at our disposal, we were able and disposed to check the enterprise and to blast the credit of mercantile men who should offend us—if we had a host of lawyers dispersed into every village in the state, acting as our spies and petty engines of vexation and torment—if such were our powers and such the spirit with which they were exerted, then would the freedom of election in-
deed be at an end—then would our vengeance be a proper object of terror, and our cause and our name would merit execration.
ALEXANDER WOLCOTT, State Manager. To the several republican county Managers in this State. Middletown, 29th Aug. 1806.
FROM THE AURORA.
POLITICAL VIEWS.
No. VII.
COMMENCE OF THE LEVANT.
In our preceding number, we gave an account of the export and import trade of Greece, with the other nations of Europe; and stated the various articles of Greek produce and industry which composed the materials of that commerce. The reader will constantly keep in mind, that the whole scope of this investigation, is directed to ascertain and to describe the magnitude, of the commerce of the Mediterranean, with a view to illustrate the policy which has grown out of the revolutions of the last 15 years—to shew that the circumstance of Greece and the whole of the Mediterranean, render that theatre most easily acted upon by France, the most effective in its nature to repay the efforts made to obtain it, and the best of all others for France, seeing that she wants "ships, colonies and commerce."
This investigation is not merely curious, nor is it with a view to gratify curiosity only that it is undertaken; many men, and worthy men too, are apt to be led away by the artful delusions of a nation and its emissaries, whose delusions and whose emissaries and whose alliances have convulsed every government on the European continent, & overturned three fourths of them; and who, more than once, by their emissaries, and delusions, had nearly involved this in a similar ruin; those by way of vengeance on, or envy of, our better policy, endeavour to set afloat opinions, which are calculated to favor themselves and to alarm the unreflecting and the timid against us, and to afford means for the profligate and the servile to subserve their particular ends by the same artifices. We have ever made it a duty to resist prejudice and to expose deception; and it is with this view principally that this discussion is undertaken.
We believe that common sense and discretion go largely into the policy and measures of the present ruler of France.
We do not apprehend that any project so absurd and repugnant to common sense, as the invasion of this country, can ever enter into his policy.
Because, for example—he can obtain in Greece—"ships, colonies and commerce"—which he would not get here if he were to come.
The materials and accommodation which he wants are at his door. His measures will point out this policy.
If he wants cotton and tobacco, they are able to be had at Macedon. A heavy duty has been already laid, in France, on tobacco and cotton—because the possession of Genoa, Tuscany, Naples and Venice—and the good understanding of France with the Barbary powers and the Porte, already open to France the riches of Greece.
It is to render these truths, interesting as they generally are, more palpable to the generality of readers, and to dissipate vain delusions that we have conducted the discussion as we have done; though it will be perceptible to the intelligent reader that the policy which embraces the Baltic and the Mediterranean is illustrated as we pass along.
Having generally stated the materials which compose the exports of Greece; we shall now go into a comprehensive view of the imports from the several nations of Europe. This view will perhaps give tenfold strength to the theory which we maintain (not an imaginary theory—but a theory which is a regular induction from a series of corresponding facts.)—We shall state the articles of the several nations in the order of their magnitude.
Germany—sends woollen cloth; linen, callico, muslin, glass, ware, porcelain, steel, copper wrought, embroidery, miscellaneous.
France—woollen cloths; worked velvets; embroidery; mirrors, clocks and watches; jewellery; arms; cutlery; liquors, syrups, paper, lead, small shot, colonial productions; as sugar, coffee, indigo, cochineal, pepper, spices, Brasil wood, log wood.
Italy—woollens, fire arms; glass; silks, velvet, paper, &c.
Russia—furs, sable, ermines, grey squirrel, black fox—and by the Euxine, hemp, tar, pitch, turpentine, timber, spars, yards, masts, lumber, and Asiatic productions by the Caspian sea.
England—woollen cloths; chalons; calicoes; muslins, tin, lead, iron, raw and wrought; clocks and watches; toys and jewellery; and colonial commodities as stated under the head of France.
Batavia—Woolen cloths; and articles similar to other nations.
A brief view of the commerce of each of these nations we shall now endeavour to sketch from authentic sources. The commerce of Germany extends through every part of Greece; and the emperor Joseph very wisely made it an open commerce; and though the Greeks took advantage of this to engross a great proportion to themselves of the German
trade, Germany was nevertheless benefited; and the trade embraces such a multitude of points, as to have escaped in many instances the observation of the other parts of Europe. The last war between Austria and Turkey, caused a considerable revolution in the trade.—During its interruption, the goods which before found their way by the Danube, were deposited at Salonica and shipped for Trieste. Salonica became therefore, the emporium of German commerce. They drew from Macedonia a prodigious quantity of cotton, which was transported by land to Semlin, thence by the Danube to Vienna, from whence it was distributed to Switzerland, the Valteine, Constance and Basle. Assova in the Banat of Temeswaer, is on the same line with Semlin, and behind it, Hermannstadt and other places in Transylvania. The woollens sent from Germany, are imitations of English manufactures , & therefore called Londonins , of which there are a coarse and a fine sort. The German cloths are superior to the French, and have superceded them in the Levant, as the French superceded the English in 1750 under Maurepas & kept the market till 1782; and the Germans supplanting them in 1785. But the German woollens which have been most successful in Greece and Turkey, are those known by the name of Leipsic Drapery , because generally purchased at the Leipsic fair, they are serviceable but are more sought after on account of their colors, which are gay and fantastical, such as suit warm climates. These are not made up in large bales, but in pieces, which render them convenient for land carriage. The finest of these cloths are manufactured at Aix la Chapelle (no longer a part of Germany, but of France!) and at Clermont.
As we are on the article of Woollens, perhaps it may be serviceable to go through that branch of trade as it relates to the different countries—and so of other articles.
The principal woollens of Italy were manufactured and exported by the Venetians (no longer a part of Austria or Italy—but now a part of federative France) the finest of these are called Says , in great demand on account of its fineness and thickness, and being impervious to rain, is used for cloak & ponches or the body coat of the Greeks. The colors of cloths are matters of the first consideration in all eastern countries, and this passion or partiality also prevails in Turkey and Greece; the woollens of Venice are pre-eminently beautiful, their coquettish are imitable; the Venetians also manufacture imitations of the English cloths called in Greece Londonins , but were not so successful as the French; the Venetians however sold annually of Woollens of every kind to the value of 28,000 dollars, the sales of Germany were about 800,000.
The principal export of woollens from France, was through Marseilles, which had, indeed a most injudicious monopoly of the Levant trade, which must now of necessity cease, even were the policy of France governed by men as blind as the successors of Colbert and Maurepas—Venice, Livorno, and Genoa, will be the competitors of Marseilles. The woollen manufacture of Languedoc, under the imbecile administrations of Louis XV. and XVI. like the whole system of French economies, was in a progressive state of decline. The dissipation and vices of the court, obviated every call of national interest and pride. The revolution was only the crisis of this disease, which ended in the excision of the morbid members and the renovation of the body politic.
The cloths of Leipsic were the most successful rivals of the cloths of Languedoc—yet from Marseilles there were shipped annually to Greece to the value of about 250,000 dollars.
The woollen trade of Batavia consisted of species of cloth stronger than the Londonins and finer than the Leipsics—they were in much request, the amount about 50,000 dollars annually.
The commerce of the English in the Levant, being like that of Marseilles in France and the India commerce of England, a monopoly, accounts for the circumstance that after all her naval power and all her commercial genius, she is only superior to Batavia in the movement of her commerce with the Levant.
The English Levant or Turkey company, was erected under the pragmatic reign of James I. in 1606. The members swear on admission they will not lend either their name or their adventure to any person, and they engage by the same oath to receive only the productions of Turkey in exchange for the value furnished in productions of England. A system so absurd at once accounts for the languor of the English Levant trade, and shews it is not so much a due knowledge of the actual riches of the Mediterranean, which acquires the political and military movements of England in the Mediterranean, as the interest and influence of another monopoly, that is the E. India Company—but we are discussing the woolen trade; of the Levant.
The English woollen trade flourished until the year 1731, when Maurepas who appears to have caught a spark of the genius of Colbert, gave a spring to the industry of Languedoc; of Carcassone, Nismes, Abbeville and Chalons, and by a sedulous and successful imitation of the English cloths, & the care employed in the manufacture of serges and Chalons cloths, the French commerce prevailed; the English assortments were at first of the whole quantity assorted, in three colors, an equal proportion of green, blue, and red;—latterly the demand had been wholly for the blues.
Another description of English cloths, called in the Levant Manoudes , which are the same that we call broad cloths, are in the greatest demand in the Levant and all Turkey. The high price
of these superfines is the only obstacle to their universal use in all Greece.—The French have contrived to rival the English in these articles in the East Indies, and by the imitation of the lead marks of the English manufacturers, to sell French superfines as English.—Much of these French superfines are introduced into the U. S. at present, and are sold in the same way to accommodate old prejudices, as superfine English .
A few years ago, Mr. John Humphreys, an English merchant at Constantinople, concived the idea of manufacturing shallons for the Turkey market, which would supercede the French.
The Chalons (or vulgarly shallons) are an imitation of what the French call Serge , manufactured originally at Chalons sur Marne; in this article the English fairly supercede the French by the superiority of their manufacture, fineness and evenness of texture, and brilliancy of colour—in this article the English traded to the amount of 16 000 dollars; and for Londonins, it was computed about 15,000 dollars; for superfines or mahouts at 74,000 dollars—in all, 170,000 dollars. This is a general view of the woolen trade, in which the rival nations have opposite interests, and in which the accession of the woolen trade of the Netherlands, of Genoa, of Venice, of Batavia, must be now all thrown into the balance of French commerce.
The discerning reader requires no more than the presentation of the indisputable facts given in these papers to his understanding—the mercantile man needs not be told where at no remote day the American commerce is to find its best market—if there are any so besotted as not to see, or to shut their eyes against, the light of truth, and the inevitable progress of things—be they folly their own chastisement—the order of Providence will not be retarded, and whatever vanity or selfishness may propose to deceive itself, commerce will find its own level; the common sense of the world, will prevail over infatuation, and the imbecility which attempts to retard the progress of the universe by cunning or deceit, will find that the vanity and the selfishness of human atoms are not competent to resist the decrees or to suppress the voice of the Creator.
With in a private conversation, the late Earl of Chatham asked Dr. Henni-ker, among other questions, how he designed wit? The Doctor replied—"My Lord, wit is like what a pealion would be, given by your Lordship to your humble servant—a good thing well applied."
The Rev. Dr. H——, delighting much in the good things of this world, so far indulged his hunger and thirst after delicacies, that he found himself much in arrear to many of his trading parishioners. Fortunately for him he lived in the rules of the King's Bench, which shielded him from the rude intrusions of clamorous creditors. The Doctor, however, was a man of humour, and frequently hit upon expedients to keep them in good temper. He once preached a sermon to them, from the following text—"have patience & I will pay ye all." He expatiated at great length on the virtue and advantage of patience. And now, my brethren, said he, I am come to the second part of my discourse which is—"And I will pay you all!" but that I shall defer to a future opportunity.
By order of the Orphan's Court of Prince George's county will be sold on Saturday the 26th inst. at the house of Ignatius Boone in the town of Nottingham, for a term of 20 years, one Negro Boy, 10 or 11 years of age, in a credit of 12 months, to satisfy debts due from the estate of the late Mrs. Ann Brady (ex of said county deceased). Bonds with approved security will be required. A. QUILA BEALL, Adm'r. Prince George's county, September 12—32
FOR SALE,
That valuable tract of Land belonging to the estate of the late Richard Henderson, laying in Prince George's county on the Paterson Branch of Potomac and near adjoining the town of Bladensburg containing about 160 acres—this land is well watered, lays level and is productive, from 15 to 20 acres is now in good timothy meadow, and a much larger quantity of rich marsh may be brought into this state, the wood land is thriving and abundant for the support of the farm. Its vicinity to the city of Washington & Georgetown and laying on tide water, makes it desirable estate. One fourth of the purchase money will be required in hand, the payment of the balance will be made easily. Mr. Joseph Wilson who lives on the land will show it to any person who may wish to view the same.
JAMES LING N. } Executors of JOHN HENDERSON, } R. Henderson August 20—tawf
Strayed or Stolen from the residence of Mrs. CATHARINE DIGGS, some time since a sorrel HORSE, about 8 or 9 years old, either a flat or small blaze in his forehead, not positively recollected which, & some of his legs white—he has a mark on the left side of his neck, as if formerly he had been shot with a bullet—he is wild and difficult to be taken.
The reward of such a horse being found in the neighborhood of Mr. Tayloe's farm near this city. EIGHT DOLLARS reward will be given to any person who will bring the above mentioned horse to the subscriber. ROBERT BRANT. City of Washington, August 8—w6t

350 DOLLARS REWARD. STOLEN from the subscriber, residing in Washington, District of Columbia in 1800, a black man named HANSOM, of a dark complexion, about 5 feet 6 or 7 inches high, a very remarkable wen on his forehead, and has had the first joint of his left fore finger cut off, he is about 50 years old, and has worked at the ship carpenter's and caulker's business, as also at the house carpenter's and wheelwright's business. Also, in November 1805, two negro slaves, named PETER and GERARD; PETER is of a light complexion, approaching a mulatto, long wool, about 6 feet high, 22 years old, and works as a laborer. GERARD is rather of a light complexion, short wool, remarkable thick ankles, about 5 feet 10 inches high, and a blacksmith by profession. I will give 100 dollars each, for the above mentioned negroes, if confined in any jail so that I get them again. Also, on the 13th of August 1806, a negro woman named BEZZIE, aged about 22 years, 5 feet 6 inches high, and of a light complexion, but not mulatto, the look with her several pieces of wearing apparel among which are remodeled a black interesting habit, and also a light ground calico, she carried off with her an only child named HANSON, a boy about three years old, well grown and remarkable for a protuberance on his navel, it is supposed she will dress him either in an osnaburg frock, or in a red flannel jacket and petticoat. I will give 50 dollars reward for the above mentioned negro woman, if confined in any jail so that I get her again, and will pay all reasonable charges brought home. ROBERT ALEXANDER. Sept. 3d—3wep.
N. B. It is supposed they all have forged certificates of freedom, therefore all masters of vessels and others are warned not to harbor or carry them off. The Editors of the Aurora, Citizen, and Independent Chronicle, are requested to insert the foregoing advertisement three times in their respective papers, and to transmit their accounts to the Editor of the National Intelligencer for settlement.
THE SUBSCRIBER HAS just supplied his shop in F street with a complete assortment of fresh  Medicines & Drugs, among which are Spermaceti & Linseed oils—also Paints of every description. THOMAS PATTERSON. Washington city, June 23—tf
Sale of Valuable Property AT MY HOUSE. THE Land which I have heretofore advertised and fully described, I now again offer on the same terms to the highest bidder on Monday the 22nd of next month, together with a valuable woman qualified for either house or field work, a well grown boy and a lussy girl, both of whom are able to do good work, and three young girls. The woman to serve 10 years, the boy until he is 35, and the girls to 30 years of age. These negroes will be sold for cash or negotiable notes at 60 days. Also a variety of household and kitchen furniture, plantation implements of husbandry, horned cattle, horses, sheep and hogs. For all sums of 30 dollars or under the cash must be paid. Above 30 dollars and not exceeding 50 dollars, a credit of 3 months will be given from 60 to 80 six months, from 80 to 100, nine months, and for all above 100 dollars 12 months, all on security with interest from the date. The sale to commence at 11 o'clock and continue from day to day till completed. GEO. LEE. Charles County, Aug. 20—tdof
LEONARD TOWN JOCKEY CLUB RACES. ON the 2nd Tuesday in October next, a PURSE of Forty Guineas will be run for over a handsome course—beats four miles, free for any horse, mare, or gelding, agreeable to the rules of the Club, & on the following day a Purse of 20 Guineas will be run for over same course, beats two miles, free as aforesaid, only excepting the winning horse of the preceding day. By order of the Club, E. J. MILLARD, Sec. Sept. 2—epr
PROPOSALS FOR a Contract to supply fresh BEEF for the Navy in ordinary, for six calendar months, will be received at the Navy Yard, Washington, until Saturday the 13th inst. THOMAS TINGEY, Commandant. Sept. 8—ti39
On a liberal credit. THE subscriber will dispose of at private sale, his estate called Chichester, lying on the Eastern branch, immediately opposite the city of Washington. This tract of land, containing 697 acres is laid off in lots from 83 to 144 acres for the convenience of purchasers. Plats of the estate and the terms of sale are in the hands of Colonel Hanson at the Navy yard, and Charles Wayman of George Town. The lots will be shown by Mr. Wedden, living on the premises, near the Eastern Branch bridge. ANTHONY ADDISON. Barnaby, 12th June 1805—tf
SALE BY AUCTION. WILL be sold on the premises at public auction on Saturday the 13th September, at 11 o'clock, the House and Lot now occupied by a negro named Harry at the Navy Yard lying in square 907 fronting 7th street. N. L. QUEEN, Auctioneer. September 10—st
A MILLER. WANTED immediately, either a single man or one with a small family who can come well recommended for his honesty, industry, and sobriety, and capable of his business will meet with good accommodations, generous wages, and constant employment by applying to the subscriber near Winchester, Vt. gins. DAVID CARLIS B. September 20—3t
STELLE'S HOTEL & CITY TAVERN. THE Subscriber takes this method of thanking his friends and the public for their favors whilst on the Capitol Square and begs leave to acquaint them that he has taken the Spacious Hotel lately erected by Mr. Carroll, near the Capitol. The hotel being above one hundred feet in front, and containing fifty rooms enables the subscriber to offer every accommodation to members of Congress and travellers which can be expected in a public house. PONTIUS D. STELLE. Washington City, March 25—tf N. B.—P. D. S. will rent the house lately occupied by him on the adjoining square.
FOR SALE, AT Bath (Berkeley Springs) Virginia, a HOUSE & LOT thereto belonging (late the property of Thomas Palmer, deceased.) The premises are calculated for a genteel family, or would make an excellent Boarding house, having thereon a smoke house, coach house and stables, with a garden laid out with much taste and inclosed with a good board fence. Also near the town, are for sale, SEVEN acres of LAND, inclosed with a stone wall. The whole will be sold very low, or exchanged for property in or near any of the large towns or cities. Apply to John Davidson, Washington city, or to Wm. Alexander, esq., Bath, aforesaid. NOTE—If not sold, it will be let for the season. April 16—tf
50 DOLLARS REWARD. STOLEN out of the subscriber's pasture in Loudoun county in the night of the 26th June, a bright BAY MARE with a bald face, the left hind foot white, the right hip a little lower than the other, a mark like a tear down the hoof of the right hind foot, and it is different in shape from the other; about 15 hands and 1-2 high, three years old last spring, a natural trotter, had on when she was taken three fleeces. Whoever will apprehend the thief and secure the mare so that the owner may get her again and the felon brought to conviction shall have the above reward or for the mare only twenty five dollars and all reasonable charges. WILLIAM NICHOLS. Loudoun county, Vir. July 11—3m
CHARLES H. VARDEN, Merchant Taylor New Jersey Avenue, near the Capitol. RESPECTFULLY informs the gentlemen of the district of Columbia, that he has received by late arrivals at Philadelphia from London, a fresh supply of the best superfine cloths, cassimeres, &c. with a choice assortment of plain nankeens, cotton cassimeres, India nankeens, blue and yellow, fashionable Trafalgar white and fancy Mercilles, with a variety of other articles suitable for the summer. N. B. Ladies habits, regimentals, and navy uniforms made in the first style of fashion. Richard Harwell's new invented patent elastic suspenders, which are far superior to any heretofore in use, can be had on the same terms as at his manufactory. June 23—tf
Treasury Department of the United States, June 21, 1806. WHEREAS the commissioners of the Sinking fund, at a meeting held on the 28th day of April, 1806, did resolve, that the sum remaining to complete the expenditure of the annual appropriation of eight millions of dollars, should among other purposes be applied to the reimbursement of the navy six per cent. stock, created in pursuance of an act of Congress passed on the 30th day June, 1798 and to the reimbursement of the five and half per cent. stock, created in pursuance of an act of Congress, passed on the 3rd day of March, 1795. This is therefore to give notice, that the principal of the said navy six per cent. stock, with the interest due thereon, will on surrender of the certificates, be paid on the 1st day of October next ensuing the date hereof, to the respective stockholders or their lawful representatives or attorneys duly constituted and authorized, either at the Treasury or at the Loan office, as the case may be, where credits have been given for the amount of stock, respectively held by them: and that the principal of the five and half per cent. stock, with the interest due thereon, will in like manner, and at the same places, be paid on the 1st day of January, 1807, to the respective stockholders, or their lawful representatives or attorneys duly constituted and authorized. It is further made known, for the information of the parties concerned, that no transfers of the navy six per cent. stock, either from or to the books of the treasury, or from or to the books of a Commissioner of Loans, will be allowed after the 1st day of September ensuing, nor of the five and half per cent. stock, after the 1st day of December ensuing. And the interest on all certificates of said stocks, which shall not have been surrendered, in pursuance of this notification, will cease and determine, on the day preceding the day hereby fixed for the reimbursement thereof. ALBERT GALLATIN, Secretary of the Treasury. June 23—tf
ELIAS B. CALDWELL, ATTORNEY AT LAW, HAS removed his Office, to the house lately occupied by Mr. LAW, on Capitol Hill. Washington, July 26—tf
TO RENT, THE COMMODOIOUS BRICK STORE near the CAPITOL, now in the occupation of Messrs. P. HEALY & Co. Possession to be given on the 1st of May. Enquire of Frederick May. March 28—tf
PROPOSALS FOR PUBLISHING A  Geographical Description OF ALL THE  STATES & TERRITORIES IN THE UNION, In separate volumes; with a particular and correct description of the several counties and towns, in each state. Illustrated with Maps, By JOSEPH SCOTT, Author of the United States Gazetteer, the Modern Geographical Dictionary in 4 vol. oct. A Geographical Dictionary of the United States of North America, &c. &c.
THE geographical description of each of the larger states, with the counties, towns, &c. will form a neat little volume of about 150 pages. Two of the smaller states may form a volume, or one of them may be contained in the same volume with a larger adjoining state, as Maryland and Delaware. Each volume will be complete in itself; so that subscribers may take one, two, &c. or the whole number. The paper, type, and size of the page, will exactly correspond with the description of Pennsylvania, now published; so that subscribers for the whole may have two or more bound together to suit their own taste. They will be published neatly done up in boards. The description of each state will be embellished with a handsome map. It is supposed that the whole will amount to about FOURTEEN LITTLE VOLUMES. A general description of the United States will be given in the last, which will render the whole the fullest, and most correct geographical description of the United States, that has hitherto been published. The plan, which the author has adopted, is the most comprehensive that could be suggested, as it will comprise under proper, and distinct heads, everything worthy of notice. No money will be required till on the delivery of the work. The Price of each Volume will be Fifty Cents. The next volume will contain, A Geographical description of MARYLAND and DELAWARE, illustrated with a Map of each state. The work is nearly ready for the press, and will soon be published. The Editors of newspapers, in Maryland, are requested to insert the above proposals twice. They will be paid on the publication of the work. August 10—
JUST PUBLISHED, AND FOR SALE, At Mr. Mersord's and Bailey and Wallace's Book stores, Broad-street, and at the Courier Office, PRICE, 18 3/4 CENTS; A pamphlet on the importance of cultivating the BOURBON COTTON, by the Agricultural Society of the Bahama Islands.
The very great importance of this pamphlet to the Planters of this state, and every other cotton country, has induced its publication. It consists of copies extracts of letters from Cotton Planters of the different islands; and the amount of their general evidence is that the Bourbon Cotton is decidedly preferable to the anguilla or Georgia Cotton; that it is of quick growth and produces earlier than the common cotton; that it yields about 150 lb. of clear cotton to the acre; but the greatest advantage is, that it is secure from the ravage of the caterpillar, which so often blights the hopes of our planters. This subject is deserving the attention of our planters, and this pamphlet is recommended to their examination as the probable means of increasing the value of their crops. Charleston, S. C. Aug. 15—*
CHASE'S TRIAL. This day is Published By SAMUEL H. SMITH.  TRIAL OF  SAMUEL CHASE, AN ASSOCIATE JUSTICE of the Supreme Court of the United States, IMPEACHED By the House of Representatives, for HIGH CRIMES AND MISDEMEANORS, before the Senate of the United States. Taken in short hand, By SAMUEL H. SMITH & THOMAS LLOYD. In Two large Octavo Volumes—in Boards, price—to subscribers four dollars and a half—and to non-subscribers five dollars. A much greater delay has been incurred in the publication of this trial than the Editor contemplated. He has, however, the satisfaction of saying that no effort has been omitted by him to give it to the public at an earlier period. The delay has arisen from the revision of the speeches of the Managers and Council. The publication might long since have been made in a less perfect dress; but it was deemed highly desirable that in a case which, independently of its own importance might be a precedent in future times, to sacrifice time rather than precision. The work now appears before the public, with the expectation of the Editor that it will be considered as meriting the character of an impartial, comprehensive and faithful statement of facts. All the speeches have been revised, and inserted at length, in connection with whatever else formed a part of the trial. Editors of other prints will confer a benefit by inserting this advertisement a few times in their papers.
Scheme of Lottery No. V. FOR the encouragement of Literature, and for improving the Navigation between Troy and Waterford, and for other purposes.    1 Prize of  D. 30,000  is D. 30,000    1  20,000  20,000    1  10,000  10,000    1  5,000  5,000    2  2,000  4,000    5  1,000  5,000    10  500  5,000    30  200  6,000    80  100  8,000    120  50  6,000    400  20  8,000    1000  10  71,000    4000  5  34,000   11753 prizes, 23249 Blanks. 35000 tickets at 6 dollars each, is 210,000 Less than two blanks to a prize—subject to a deduction of 15 per cent. Prizes payable thirty days after the conclusion of the drawing. The first 4000 blanks will be entitled to 8 dollars each. 1st. drawn number 1st. day, whether blank or prize, D. 10,000 10th 2,000 15th 1,000 20th 5,000 25th 1,000 30th 10,000 35th 1,000 40th 20,000 45th 1,000 A company of gentlemen in the city of New York having contracted with the managers for the unford tickets, the drawing will commence on the second Tuesday in December next, and will be continued at the rate of 600 tickets per day until completed, excepting the last day when there will remain 300 to be drawn. Tickets in the above lottery will continue to be sold by the managers at the original price of 6 dollars each until the second Tuesday in September next, on which day all that remains unsold will be delivered to the contractors. THOMAS STORM, DANIEL HALE, SOLOMON SOUTHWICK, JOHN H. SICKLES, JOHN L. BROOME, August 15—* Managers.
Proposals FOR PUBLISHING BY SUBSCRIPTION,  PYRROLOIMOGIA, Or; Inquiries into the PESTILENCE CALLED THE YELLOW FEVER.
CONTAINING the history of its symptoms and prevalence in different parts of the world; a comparative statement of all controverted respecting its origin, modes of propagation and treatment; with an attempt towards a new theory of the electrical phenomena and galvanic influence arising from terraqueous & patrid exhalations, which explains the causes of pestilential diseases, their remedies and preventatives. By FELIX PASCALIS, M. D. Of New York, Formerly Physician and Member of the Board of Health in the State of Pennsylvania, Honorary Member of the Medical Societies of Philadelphia, and of Connecticut; and Associate to other American and European Literary institutions.
The author has been a medical practitioner in Philadelphia during seven epidemical occurrences of the Yellow Pestilence. To enlarge the sphere of his experimental observations on that interesting subject, he has lately travelled in the south of Spain, and also visited South Carolina, where that disease has by many, been supposed to be endemic. With so many motives to trust to his opinions, the author wishes notwithstanding to be honored with the support of the learned in the U. States, who have had so many more opportunities than those of Europe to exercise their judgment on a subject highly important to the welfare of this country—a country with which many European nations frequently interdict the intercourse of their subjects as if it were absolutely the abode of pestilence. Whatever claims the author may imagine he derives from his experience, he will, however, thankfully receive any documents contrary to the theory he proposes. He, therefore, respectfully solicits communications tending either to establish or to invalidate the truth of an Electrical and Galvanic influence, &c. as a cause of pestilential diseases. Such interesting papers on these subjects as he shall be favored with previously to the first of November next (post paid) will be gratefully acknowledged and duly noticed, unless otherwise requested.
CONDITIONS. This work shall be printed in a handsome style, on fine wove paper and new type, as soon as a sufficient number of subscribers shall be obtained to defray the necessary expenses. It will be comprised in two volumes octavo, each volume containing more than 300 pages; to be delivered to subscribers in boards at Five Dollars the set, or handsomely bound and lettered at Six Dollars. Subscriptions received at the Courier-office No. 1. Broad street. Charleston, Aug. 15—*
A FACT. THOSE indebted to me must make immediate payment, as I am determined to close my books finally, and all accounts which are not settled in a very short time will be put in a way for collection. Finding it very unpleasant, and troublesome to make collections, shall for the future sell for CASH only, which will be much more to my satisfaction, and give me the pleasure to do business quick, and twenty per cent. lower than any person who sells on a credit. Shall have for sale a handsome assortment of fashionable, substantial and fashionable goods; and be giving the best prices Cash for Tobacco inspected in this place. ROMULUS RIGGS. George Town, August 15—cp6w
Valuable Property, for SALE. THE subscriber offers for sale the following very valuable property: About 1000 acres of good land in Culpepper county in Virginia, lying on Flat ran, and distant 30 miles from Frederickburg, and 60 from Alexandria and Washington. The improvements are extensive, consisting of a large commodious dwelling house, and every other necessary building on an extensive scale, and all in order. The soil is calculated for the culture of Indian corn, wheat and tobacco and also produces grasses of all kinds. A three story brick house in the town of Alexandria, at the corner of King and Columbia streets, 40 by 20 feet, now occupied by Mr. John Roberts. It is calculated either for a store or dwelling house; also, a valuable unimproved lot, in the same town, on King's street. In the city of Washington, an elegant three story BRICK HOUSE, on F street, now in the occupation of Mr. Madison, with the framed building adjoining; a two story Brick House on M street fronting the Navy Yard, 34 by 22 feet, suited for both a store and dwelling; a two story Brick House, 34 by 22 feet, on square 331, lying between the Capitol and Navy Yard. The dwelling house and brewery now in lease to Dr. Coningham. two squares above the Navy Yard, on the Eastern branch, eminently calculated for a most extensive brewery and distillery; also, the valuable wharf on which the same stands, suited for a Lumber yard. The dwelling house I now live in, with five unimproved Lots adjoining, and an unimproved Lot fronting the President's square. Terms, one third cash. For the balance will be given a credit of 6, 12 and 18 months, with interest; or will be taken for said balance, lands in the Mississippi territory, in the vicinity of Natchez, or young negroes at a fair valuation. Should not the Virginia Lands be sold before the 20th of October next, 700 acres of them will be offered for lease on good terms. Apply to Robert B. Voss, of Culpepper county, col. Geo. Deneale, of Alexandria, or to the subscriber in the city of Washington, near the navy yard. NICHOLAS VOSS. Sept. 3—3m.
Lots in Washington for Sale. I will sell by public sale to the highest bidder at Rhode's tavern in the city of Washington on Wednesday the 12th of October next at 11 o'clock, A.M. LOTS numbers 13 and 14 in Square No. 321 in said city. These lots lie in a very little distance from the Branch Brook. Six months credit will be given. The payment to be secured by notes negotiable at the bank of Columbia City, & City endorsed. JOHN MURDOCH. Georgetown, September 3—tdof
60 DOLLARS REWARD. RANAWAY from the subscriber living in Prince George's county on Sunday the 20th inst the three following slaves—a mulatto young man who calls himself BILL SKEWART; he was born at Montgomery court house, was once the property of Hopele Martin, was purchased of him by the late Rich. Cantee who sold him to me; he is a likely well made fellow about 21 years of age, 5 feet 10 inches high, his hands and feet are large; the evening before he absconded he had his hair cut close; he had with him a variety of clothing, viz. a blue coat and overalls, one light colored beaver skin coat and overalls, a fawn down waistcoats, a fine Irish linen shirts and some coarse shirts, three muslin neckcloths, a fine hat, price 7 dollars; he took away a prayer book, in the first page of which is written Mary Duckett. JOE who calls himself Joe Grimes, alias Graham, and HARRY, both young negro men about 21 years of age—the clothing of these cannot be described. Joe has one of his arms broken near the wrist, which makes it longer than the other; when he is spoken to he speaks fast as if his tongue was too large for his mouth. Harry, I am informed, has several large scars on his body and one of his thighs occasioned by burns when he was young. The above reward will be paid for confining the three in jail, or 50 dollars for confining Bill in jail so that I get him again. WALTER BOWIE. July 7—2awtf
Twenty Dollars Reward. WILL be given for apprehending and securing in jail a young Mulatto man slave named ANDREW. He was hired by me last year to Mr. Joseph Thomas who keeps the ox-draw ferry to Alexandria, and absconded from that place about the latter end of August last. He is about 23 years of age, 5 feet 8 or 9 inches high, lusty and well made, has short curly hair, and is frequently subject to have several large pimples on his face. He is reckoned to be a sensible fellow of an easy agreeable address for a man in his low sphere of life. As he has not been heard of by me since hiselopement, I suspect he has had the address to slip himself as a freeman on board some vessel either at Alexandria or Baltimore. Whoever takes him up and secures him as a jailer will receive from me the above reward, or as soon due information thereof is given to me or to Dr. N. P. Gaudin at Port Tobacco. G. B. CAUSIN. Maryland Charles County, January 29—wtf
RUNAWAY NEGRO. WAS committed to the jail of Frederick county Maryland, the 7th day of May last, as a runaway, a negro man named PHILIP; he is about 22 years of age, about 5 feet high is very black, and his clothing ragged that it is impossible to give a description of it. He says he formerly belonged to a Mr. Wm. Boyd, of Frederick county, Virginia, and after his death was sold to a man by the name of John Henderson, of one of the Carolinas. The owner is desired to release the said negro, otherwise he will be sold for his jail fees agreeably to law. GEORGE CREAGER, Sheriff Frederick county. August 27—w8t