The national intelligencer and Washington advertiser. (Washington City [D.C.]), 1802-10-10 00:00:00

NATIONAL INTELLIGENCER, AND WASHINGTON ADVERTISER.
Vol. II.
WASHINGTON CITY, PRINTED BY SAMUEL HARRISON SMITH, PENNSYLVANIA AVENUE.
No. CCCV.
FIVE DOLLARS PER ANNUM.
FRIDAY, OCTOBER 16, 1802.
PAID IN ADVANCE.
GENERAL WASHINGTON'S LETTERS, TO ARTHUR YOUNG, ESQ.
(Continued.)
Philadelphia, June 18, 1792.
SIR,
Your letter of the 18th of January was received about a fortnight ago. For the Annals, which you have had the goodness to lend me, I pray you to accept my thanks. No directions having accompanied the second let, and presuming they were intended for the Agricultural Society in this city, I have, in your name, presented them to that body.
As far as it is in my power, I will endeavour to solve the doubts which are expressed in your queries, contained in the above letter: and first, "Labour is so slightly touched on, that I know not how to eliminate it."
The information on this, as well as on other points of my last communication, was given in transcripts of the letters I had received in answer to certain queries, hastily submitted to some intelligent gentlemen of my acquaintance, in the states of Pennsylvania, Maryland, and Virginia. If, therefore, the article of labour was not sufficiently enlarged upon; or, if there appeared too great a diversity in the price of this article; in that of land; and of other things, to be easily reconciled and understood; you must ascribe the inconsistency, or omission, to that cause, and to the habits and value which is set on these things in the different states, and in different parts of the same state.
South of Pennsylvania, hired labour is not very common, except it be at harvest, and sometimes for cutting grain. The wealthier farmers perform it with their black servants, whilst the poorer sort are obliged to do it themselves.
That labour in this country is higher than it is in England, I can readily conceive. The ease with which a man can obtain land in fee, beyond the mountains, to which most of that class of people repair, may be assigned as the primary cause of it.
But high wages is not the worst evil attending the hire of white men in this country; for being accustomed to better fare than, I believe, the labourers of almost any other country, adds considerably to the expense of employing them; whilst blacks, on the contrary, are cheaper, the common food of them (even when well treated) being bread made of Indian corn, butter-milk, fish (pickled herrings) frequently, and meat now and then; with a blanket for bedding.
In addition to these, ground is often allowed them for gardening, and privilege given them to raise dung-hill fowls for their own use. With the farmer who has not more than two or three negroes, little difference is made in the manner of living between the master and the man; but far otherwise is the case with those who are owned in great numbers by the wealthy; who are not always as kind, and as attentive to their wants and usage, as they ought to be; for by these they are fed upon bread alone, which does not, on an average, cost more than seven dollars a head per annum (about 32s. sterling.)
From these data, in aid of my last communications, you will be able to form an idea of the cost of labour in this country. It varies, however, in the different states, as I have already observed, and sometimes in the same state; but may be said to vibrate with white men, between ten and fifteen pounds; and for black men between eight and twelve pounds sterling per annum; besides their board.
No difficulty, I should conceive, would be found in obtaining those of either description, on the terms here mentioned; but I do not advance this with certainty, not having been in the habit of hiring any myself, for several years past.
Blacks are capable of much labour, but having (I am speaking generally) no ambition to establish a good name, they are too regardless of a bad one, and of course require more of the master's eye than the former.
Formerly, I have given to skilful and careful cradlers, a dollar a day, during harvest, which was a sixth more than the usual price; but then, I knew the men, and that they would oblige themselves to cut clean and lay well , four acres of wheat a day (if it did not stand very heavy on the ground); or, if I preferred it, they would cut by the acre, paying them at the rate of a dollar for every four acres.
There are men who will rake and bind as fast as the cradlers will cut the grain, but to do this is deemed hard work, and when done, entitles them to cradlers' wages. These people eat three times a day (once, per-
haps, of milk), and are allowed a pint of spirits each man. A barn-floor, with straw and a blanket, serves them, at harvest, for lodging.
"When I observed in a former letter, that "all our labour was performed by negroes," I must have alluded to the custom in Virginia, the state in which I then lived, and from which I wrote; but my last communication to you was on a more extensive scale, comprehending the practices and prices of Pennsylvania and Maryland, as well as different parts of Virginia; which (latter) is a state of great extent, differing much in its products and culture.
"The English flaxseed acre is the measure by which we have hitherto bought and sold land; and the price of land, as handed to you in my last, includes buildings, fences, arable meadow, in short, the improvements of every sort appertaining to the tract on which they are placed.
To a stranger at a distance, this aggregate mode of estimating the value of a farm is, it must be confessed, dark and unsatisfactory; but to the parties present, who see and examine every thing, and judge for themselves, it is quite immaterial.
The seller warrants the title and quantity which he sells, and both form an opinion of the total worth of the premises. It rarely happens, however, that buildings and other improvements are eliminated by the purchaser at near what they cost the seller, especially on old farms, which have been a good deal worked; the received opinion being, that fresh land, without improvements, is more to be desired, than worn and much abused land is, with such as are actually found thereon: but this is to be considered as a general, not an invariable rule; for the better and more attentive farmers keep their farms in high order, and value the improvements accordingly.
Never having been in England, I ought not to hazard an opinion, or attempt a comparison between the soil of that country and this, in their virgin and unimproved state; but from what I know of the one, and have heard of the other, I should decide in favour of the latter, at a distance from the sea-board; which, from the high lands of the Neversink (in East Jersey) to Florida inclusively, is flat, and, with but few exceptions, sandy, and generally of mean quality.
From the falls of the rivers to the mountains, which is generally from 60 to 100 miles, and above the latter—except the craggy hills and mountains which lie between the eastern and western waters—the best lands are to be found. They are strong, and, after having been used, and used in a shameful manner, will, with a little repose, get covered with white clover. The upper country is healthiest of all.
"You seem surprised, and no wonder, to hear that many of our farmers, if they can be so called, cultivate much ground for little profit, because land is cheap, and labour is high; but you will remember, that when I informed you of this fact, I reproached, at the same time, both the practice and the principle.
The history, however, of it is this—a piece of land is cut down, and kept under constant cultivation, first in tobacco, and then in Indian corn (two very exhausting plants), until it will yield scarcely anything; a second piece is cleared, and treated in the same manner; then a third, and so on, until probably, there is but little more to clear.
When this happens, the owner finds himself reduced to the choice of one of three things: either to recover the land which he has ruined, to accomplish which, he has perhaps neither the skill, the industry, nor the means; or to retire beyond the mountains; or to substitute quantity for quality, in order to raise something.
The latter has been generally adopted, and, with the assistance of horses, he scratches over much ground, and feeds it, to very little purpose, as you may suppose, and have been informed; for I presume an English farmer would bellow more labour on one acre, by deep and frequent ploughings, besides the dressings he gives to the land, than the other does on five acres.
It is but justice, however, to Pennsylvania, to declare, that her husbandry (tho' not perfect) is much better, and her crops proportionably greater. The practice above-mentioned applies more particularly to the tobacco states, which, happily, are yielding more and more every year to the growth of wheat; and as this prevails the husbandry improves. Instances could be enumerated, and where no extraordinary dressings or management has been used, of land yielding from 30 to 40 bushels of wheat per acre, that has been very much exhausted.
(To be continued.)
Federal Intolerance.
[It is painful to the man who regards truth or respects virtue, to see the one violated and the other traduced in wanton vengeance, so far as relates to every distinguished organ of the present government.]
But it is still more painful to observe a fellow citizen, of uncommon modesty and mildness, in the retirement of private life, dragged before the bar of the public, and malevolently accused of acts which he never committed.
If this citizen should add to his modesty a noble philanthropy always active in schemes of general benevolence, and an understanding whose vigorous powers are never idle, our astonishment would rise still higher.
And it is to all this it should be added that he is a minister of the gospel, whose functions federalism professes to respect, we could not but feel indignant at the enormity of the calumny.
Such are the circumstances which relate to the following case; such the virtues of a man whom slander would fully. But the attempt is impotent. Those virtues will shew the brighter for it.
This case is full of important inference.
Federalism respects the clergy!—when devoted to its views. But it persecutes and calumniates them when they assert an independent judgment.
Federalism venerates religion!—so long as it is made a political instrument. But it decries it, the moment it shakes off its inglorious trammels.]
FROM BARTLE'S REPUBLICAN GAZETTE.
TO THE PUBLIC.
In most parts of the civilized world, under whatever form of civil policy they may live, some respect will be found paid to certain descriptions of professional character;—more especially where the highest excellence or worth of such characters consists in the possession of a mind superior to the trammels of any influence, save that of truth and virtue.
Independence of opinion or sentiment, on all subjects; and freedom in the communication of these, unawed by prejudice, interest or fear, is the greatest felicity we possess by our free constitution.
It is one of the most distinguished blessings, as well as privileges, of every citizen—and more especially of every public instructor, without this he would be unfit for the trust; without this education would lose one of its happiest effects, either on his own mind, or that of those under his instruction.
For the free and neighbourly exercise of this right and blessing, without enmity or rancour to any party or person in existence;—commenced that vindictive spirit of calumny, which I find has been, liberally , dealt out against me, for some days past, by some of the zealous votaries of party ambition in this place.
The public I trust will execute me, since I can no longer walk the streets, without menaces and insult; if I be thus dragged forward to a condescension I abhor;—a condescension to notice the low demagogic spirit of the mischievous and evil-minded.
In conversation with the author of all that odium, on the present occasion, on Friday evening last, the 17th inst. in his own portico, he informed me that a young man, he believed one of the Directors of the Herald, had lately asked him, if ever he had heard me give an opinion of that paper.
The Herald gentleman then replied. "Fine language from a clergyman!" Well, Sir, said I, if such be his opinion, I give you leave to add, next time he so enquires, that you also heard me say that "No gentleman of character; no virtuous citizen; or honest man should support such a paper as it is now conducted."
These were literally my words. I was particular in expressing them; was well aware, and had a right to be so, of the man to whom they were spoken; and cared not he had then, or would now proclaim them from every house-top in Frederick-town. I am ready to support them, as free from any private, personal, or particular allusion or reflection, before any tribunal, where truth, candour, or impartiality are cherished.
But when the officious author of the misrepresentation undertook the neighbour-like service of going round with the tale of calumny, he probably omitted the following circumstances; as well as added others of his own invention.
He did not, I presume, inform his fiery fellow-partisans, previous to their being so lavish of their manly menaces, that in the same breath I had condemned everything in the Hornet as grossly or personally abusive as the Herald , save where
it had been necessarily resorted to on defensive ground.
I presume he did not observe to them that, even on that same evening, and during a long conversation, next day, on the same foot , we were in perfect harmony. That so far from his feeling hurt at any thing I had said; or seeming to think that any one else had any reason to be hurt or offended, he called a gentleman coming up to us, to witness, how much he and I harmonized even in politics!
In this temper we parted; and yet this kind neighbour of mine, for want of better employment, on the Sabbath, commenced, early at the barber's shop, as I am informed—and all day thro' the streets, enflaming the minds of the servile part, of his Party, by a false misrepresentation of what I had laid as above stated.
It is as discordant with the dictates of my nature, as those of my profession, to give just cause of offence to any human being;—and unconscious of any such design in the present instance, the insults, or the odium, or obloquy of those who are so eager for calumny or mischief, I regard as every honest man ought; "as the rooted rock regards the passing winds."
The impression, then, on my own mind, after the most calm and temperate reflection, candidly, is that, such vipers act only as seconding the views of some of greater influence, who keep in the shade; and who, however unjustly, have for years past sought to drive me from my present situation. Not surely because I am singular in any sentiments I avow; No—merely because I have spurned the idea of relinquishing independence of mind; and sentiments in which I have the honour of according with a great majority of the union.
It is only from this impression, not rashly taken up, and its flagrant injustice, that I condescend thus publicly and solemnly to renounce, the calumny of my being ever employed, here, either in the direction or correction of any press; or of being in the habit of being applied to for that purpose.
I as solemnly renounce the malignant falsehood of having had any concern whatever in originating the Hornet ; or that I am considered by the party in this place, whose cause it defends, as its influential writer, director, editor or manager;—Neither have I ever been consulted respecting its publications. This however implies, no censure on those who have, It's defensive spirit has hardly kept pace with its offensive calumnies & offensive spirit & publications of the Herald .
This candid renunciation, however, I assert, is from the respect I bear to public opinion in general, and not from the vain expectation of clearing the atmosphere of this place from overbearing intolerance, or the idle hope of stemming the noisy passions of the selfish or the servile.
As little doth it proceed from any conviction, on my own mind, that I am acting any part inconsistent even with the most useful or sacred dictates of my profession, when either, viva voce , or by writing, I freely express my sentiments on any subject, moral or political, that concerns the welfare or interests of society.
It is true, I hear frequently the vulgar, stupid remark that a Clergyman should have no sentiments on political subjects; such an opinion is offered only, where intolerance, illiberality and persecution prevail. When I look into the work of a Witherspoon , late principal of the Prince-town College, and read his political services in the American Revolution, as a member of its first Honorable Councils;—and even an Essayist in the public prints; and at some time believe that no more eminent divine, or man of God ever blessed these States, I feel ample consolation under all the carking intolerance, and illiberality treatment, I have been subjected to in my present situation.
In all my public professional duties, I defy the tongue of malice itself to point out an instance of my having ever introduced a single interference with parties or politics; and I may challenge the most zealous zealot of Federal vindication to produce a paragraph of my writing, of which any man, even of the most sacred profession, under similar circumstances, ought to be ashamed.
The malignant and calumnious innuendoes by the Editors of the Herald , coupled with its uniform spirit of hostility to the present administration of that government, which I have solemnly sworn to support, I fear not will justify me, on the present occasion—in the opinion of every candid and virtuous citizen, who has at heart the honour of his country, or the peace and happiness of society.
SAMUEL KNOX. Frederick Academy, Sept. 22.
Foreign Intelligence.
LONDON, August 7.
Extract of a private letter from Paris, August 1.
"Nothing is now talked of that would excite interest at Paris; but from the most authentic documents, there are great discontentments, and three parties. The first, and most dangerous, because it now acts with caution, is that of the jacobins. It is more to be feared, on account of some of the party being members of the administration, and of course in possession of the secrets of government."
They watch for an opportunity to appear with éclat ; and if ever it should offer, it might be the ruin of France.
The second is that of government, which, though seemingly strong, depends only on the military, who may at pleasure discard and chase their leaders. The third is that of the royalists, who have not yet given up all hopes of re-inflaming themselves, though their party is almost beaten down.
Reignier is in the temple; Toussaint is not yet at Paris. St. Cloud is preparing for Bonaparte's country-seat, and Moutier for that of Cambeceres.
They still continue to speak of a great change in the form of government; it seems it will be modelled upon that of Great Britain. There are many English people here, but few of the general sort. Among the latter only are Lord Holland, Sir John Sebright, Mr. and Miss Franco, and Dr. Stevenson.
Trade is dead, and places of dissipation very full. Bread sells at nine pence the four pounds; the best meat five-pence and six-pence a pound; vegetables are cheap. The whole country from Calais to Paris is in the highest state of cultivation, and promises fine crops.
In walking the streets, in parading the public gardens of this city and in raving through the theatres, an Englishman is offended with the perpetual recurrence of the military uniforms, and the bayonet glittering in his eye. I am convinced that the appearance of a soldier in the lobbies of our theatres in London, in the corridors, &c. would excite an insurrection; (I have heard of tumult on a soldier appearing inside Covent Garden.) Here it is impossible to stir without meeting with armed men, the pledges, no doubt, of our safety. Corps de garde are thick as sap-heads in London. Every where soldiers on duty make part of a public entertainment; so that for public spectacles, sentinels at public offices, &c. a prodigious number of troops must be kept up at Paris. Every merry Andrews' booth in the Boulevards I yesterday observed had a soldier or two parading before it! The Parisians think this very fine, without considering that in fact they are prisoners at large. I suppose that when a man is put under the surveillance of the police, he is by excellence a prisoner at large, and every body at Paris is with something less of notoriety a prisoner at large. I pass over the disputing surveillance of the bayonet, which is so abhorrent to our sentiments, to speak of that of the police.
It is notorious that every coffee-house, every restaurant , every place of general resort, nay, what is ten times worse, almost every private house, contains spies of the police. When you begin to speak freely of politics in a public room, (that is, room where servants can go and come without much notice,) a Frenchman draws himself up with a look of anxiety and fearfulness. Ah! it came. A few nights ago I began to speak in French about something or other relative to the government here, with a carelessly freedom, as one may do in England. A French gentleman with me who spoke English instantly stopped me, and said that if I meant to speak in that spirit, I ought to speak my own tongue; and in fact I saw the waiters before us, guessing, perhaps from scraps and from our gestures, that we were discussing politics. I was told afterwards that I might have compromised my companion by the freedom of my speech.
The esprit de corps of this government, indeed, is carried to a pitch that absolutely cuts up society. No man can trust another. If this system last, it must produce a character timid, pugnacious and distrustful.
It is said, indeed, that the French require a vigorous government, and that the bayonet is not ill calculated to keep them in order. This may be true; but surely the perpetual use of soldiers in all cases is degrading to the national character. It is treating Frenchmen like lunatics, who even in their lucid intervals must not be allowed to go abroad without their keeper and the instruments of coercion."

Latest Foreign Intelligence, From London papers received by ship Brothers, Hull, Liverpool.
FRENCH REPUBLIC.
NEW CONSTITUTION.
Extract from the Registers of the Deliberations of the Council of State.
Sitting of the 16th Thermidor (4th August.)
Project of the ORGANIC SENATUS CONSULTUM of the CONSTITUTION.
TITLE THE FIRST.
Art. 1. Every jurisdiction of Justice of Peace is to have an Assembly of Canton.
II. Every communal arrondissement, or district of subprefecture, is to have an Electoral College of Arrondissement.
III. Every department is to have an Electoral College of Department.
TITLE THE SECOND.—Of Assemblies of Canton.
IV. The Assembly of Canton is to be composed of all the citizens domiciliated within the Canton, and who are there inscribed upon the communal list of the district. Dating from the epoch, when, according to the terms of the constitution, the communal list ought to be renewed; the Assembly of Canton shall be composed of all the citizens domiciliated within the Canton, and who there enjoy the rights of citizen.
V. The First Consul nominates the President of the Assembly of Canton.
His functions shall last five years. He may be indefinitely re-appointed. He is to be assisted by four scrutineers, of whom two shall be the oldest, and the two others the greatest in influence of the citizens having a right to vote in the Assembly of Canton. The President and four scrutineers nominate the Secretary.
VI. The Assembly of Canton divides itself into Sections, for the purpose of performing the functions which belong to it. Upon the first convocation of each Assembly, its organization and forms will be determined by a regulation emanating from government.
VII. The President of the Assembly of Canton nominates the President of Sections.
Their functions end with each sectional assembly. They are assisted each with two scrutineers, of whom one is the oldest, and the other of the greatest influence of the citizens having a right to vote within the section.
VIII. The Assembly of Canton proposes two Citizens, from whom the First Consul chooses the Justice of the Peace of the Canton. It also proposes two Citizens for every vacant place of Deputy.
IX. The Justices of Peace and their Deputies are appointed for ten years.
X. In the cities of 5000 souls, the Assembly of Canton presents two citizens for each place in the Municipal Council. In the cities where there will be several Justices of Peace, or several Assemblies of Canton, each Assembly shall present, in like manner, two citizens for each place in the Municipal Council.
XI. The members of the Municipal Councils are taken by each Assembly of Canton from a list of 500 persons of the first consideration of the Canton. This list shall be made and printed by order of the Prefect.
XII. The Municipal Councils shall be renewed, one half every ten years.
XIII. The First Consul chooses the Mayors and Assistants in the Municipal Councils. They are to continue five years in place—they may be re-chosen.
XIV. The Assembly of Canton nominates for the Electoral College of District the number of members assigned to it in proportion to the number of citizens of which it is composed.
XV. It nominates to the Electoral College of Department, from a list hereinafter mentioned, the number of members assigned to it.
XVI. The members of the Electoral Colleges must be domiciliated within the respective districts and departments.
XVII. The government convenes the Assemblies of Canton, fixes the times of their duration, and the object of their meeting.
TITLE THE THIRD.—The Electoral Colleges.
XVIII. The Electoral Colleges of District have a member for every five hundred inhabitants domiciliated within the District. The number of members cannot, however, exceed two hundred, nor be under one hundred and twenty.
XIX. The Electoral Colleges of Department have a member for every thousand inhabitants domiciliated within the department, and these members cannot, however, exceed three hundred, or be under two hundred.
XX. The members of the Electoral Colleges are for life.
XXI. If a member of an Electoral College be denounced to government as having done any act contrary to the honor or the interest of the country, the
government invites the College to declare its will. No number under three-fourths of the votes shall deprive the denounced member of his place in the College.
XXII. A place is lost in the Electoral Colleges for the same causes that deprive a person of the right of citizen. It is also forfeited without any legitimate objection, by non-attendance at three successive meetings.
XXIII. The First Consul appoints the Presidents of Electoral Colleges for each session. The President alone has the power of the Electoral College, after it is assembled.
XXIV. The Electoral Colleges appoint for each session two scrutineers and a secretary.
XXV. For the purpose of the formation of Electoral Colleges of Department, there shall be prepared in every Department, under the direction of the Minister of Finance, a list of 60 of the citizens, who stand highest in the rolls of contributions, landed chattels, and tumpuary, and upon the roll of parents. To the amount of the contribution in the domicile of the Department may be added that which the party pays in the other parts of the territory of France, or its colonies.
This list shall be printed.
XXVI. The Assembly of Canton shall take from this list the members which it is to appoint to the Electoral College of the Department.
XXVII. The First Consul may add to the Electoral Colleges of District ten members, chosen from the citizens belonging to the Legion of Honor, or who have rendered services.
He may add to every Electoral College of Department twenty citizens, of whom ten shall be taken from the thirty of the first consideration in the department, and the ten others either from the members of the Legion of Honor, or citizens who have rendered services. He is not confined for these nominations to any fixed period in point of time.
XXVIII. The Electoral Colleges of District present to the First Consul, two citizens domiciliated within the district for every vacant place in the Council of District.
One, at least, of these citizens ought to be necessarily chosen from without the Electoral College that presents him. The Councils of District are to be renewed, a third at a time, every five years.
XXIX. The Electoral Colleges of District present to every meeting two citizens to make part of the list from which the members of the Tribunal are to be chosen. One at least of these citizens should be necessarily chosen from without the Electoral College that presents him. Both may be taken from without the department.
XXX. The Electoral Colleges of Department present to the First Consul two citizens domiciliated within the department for every vacant place in the Council General of Department. One of these citizens, at least, must be necessarily taken from without the Electoral College that presents him. The Councils General of Department are to be renewed by a third every five years.
XXXI. The Electoral Colleges of Department present to every meeting two citizens to form the list from which are to be appointed the members of the Senate. One, at least, must be necessarily taken from without the College that presents him, and both may be taken from without the department. They must be of the age, and possess the qualities required by the Constitution.
XXXII. The Electoral Colleges of Department and District present, each of them, two citizens domiciliated within the department, to form the list from which are to be chosen the members of the deputation to the Legislative Body. One of these members must be necessarily taken from without the College that presents him. There must be here three times as many different candidates upon the list formed by the Union of the presentations of the Electoral Colleges of Department and District, as there are here vacant places.
XXXIII. The same person may be a member of a Council of Commune, and of an Electoral College of District or Department. A person cannot be at the same time a member of a College of District, and of a College of Department.
XXXIV. The members of the Legislative Body and Tribunal cannot assist at the sittings of the Electoral College, of which they will make part. All the other public functionaries have a right to assist and vote at them.
XXXV. No Assembly of Cantons shall proceed to the nomination of the places belonging to it in an Electoral College until these places are reduced to two thirds.
XXXVI. The Electoral Colleges cannot assemble but by virtue of an act of Convocation issued by government, and in the place appointed for them. They cannot occupy themselves with any operations, except those for which they are convened, nor continue their sittings beyond the time fixed by the act of Convocation. If they exceed these limits, the government has a right to dissolve them.
XXXVII. The Electoral Colleges cannot directly nor indirectly, under any pretext, whatever, correspond between themselves.
XXXVIII. The dissolution of an Electoral Body operates the renewal of all its members.
TITLE THE FOURTH.—Of the Consuls.
Art. XXXIX. The Consuls are for life. They are members of the Senate, and one of them President.
XL. The second and third Consuls are named by the Senate upon the presentation of the first.
XLI. On that account, when one of the two places becomes vacant, the First Consul presents to the senate a first person; if he be not named, he presents a second; if the second be not accepted, he presents a third, who is of necessity named.
XLII. When the First Consul thinks it necessary, he presents a citizen to succeed him after his death in the forms mentioned in the preceding article.
XLIII. The citizen named to succeed the First Consul takes an oath to the Republic, before the First Consul, assisted by the Second and Third Consuls, in presence of the senate, the ministers, the council of state, the legislative body, the tribunate, the tribunal of cassation, the archbishops, bishops, presidents of tribunals of appeal, presidents of electoral colleges, presidents of assemblies of cantons, grand officers of the legion of honour, and mayors of twenty-four principal cities of the Republic. The secretary of state draws up the minute of the taking of the oath.
XLIV. The oath is as follows:— "I swear to maintain the constitution, to respect the freedom of consciences, to oppose the return of feudal institutions, never to make war but for the defence and glory of the Republic, and to employ the power with which I shall be invested only for the happiness of the people from whom and for whom I shall have received it."
XLV. After the taking of the oath he takes his seat in the senate, immediately after the third consul.
XLVI. The First Consul may deposit in the archives of the government his will upon the nomination of his successor, to be presented to the senate after his death.
XLVII. In that case he summons the second and third consuls, the ministers and presidents of the section of the council of state; in their presence he delivers to the secretary of state the paper, sealed with his seal, in which his will is declared; that paper is subscribed by all those who are present at the act; the secretary of state then deposits it in the archives of the government, in the presence of the ministers and presidents of the section of the council of state.
XLVIII. The First Consul may withdraw the deposit upon observing the formalities prescribed in the preceding article.
XLIX. After the death of the First Consul, if his will remains deposited, the paper that contains it is withdrawn from the archives of government by the ministers and president of the section of the council of state; the integrity and identity of it are recognized in the presence of the second and third consuls. It is addressed to the senate by a message from government, with the transmission of the minutes, ascertaining the depositing, the identity, and integrity of it.
L. If the person presented by the First Consul is not named, the second and third consuls present each one; in case of non-nomination, they present each another, and one of the two is necessarily named.
LI. If the First Consul has not left any presentation, the second and third consuls make their separate presentations, a first, a second, and if neither the one nor the other are appointed, a third. The senate appoints necessarily from the third.
LII. In all cases, the presentations and nomination shall be completed in the 24 hours after the death of the First Consul.
LIII. The law fixes for the life of each First Consul the state of the expenses of government.
TITLE THE FIFTH.—Of the Senate.
LIV. The senate regulates by an organic senatus consultum:—1. The constitution of the colonies.—2. Every thing that has not been foreseen by the constitution, and which is necessary to its progress.—3. They explain the articles of the constitution which give rise to different interpretations.
LV. The senate, by acts entitled senatus consulta:—1. Suspends for five years the function of the jurors in the departments in which that measure is necessary.—2. Declares, when circumstances require it, departments out of the constitution.—3. Determines the time in which individuals arrested in virtue of the 46th article of the constitution, are to be carried before the tribunals, when they have not been in the ten days after their arrest.—4. Annulls the judgments of civil and criminal tribunals, when they attack the safety of the state.—5. Dissolves the legislative body and tribunate.—6. Names the consuls.
LVI. The organic senatus consulta, and senatus consulta, are discussed by the senate, upon the initiative of the government. A simple majority is sufficient for senatus consulta—two-thirds of the votes of the members present for an organic senatus consultum.
LVII. The plan of senatus consultum, adopted in consequence of the 54th and 55th articles, are discussed in a privy council, consisting of the consuls, two ministers, two senators, two counsellors of state, and two grand officers of the legion of honour. The First Consul points out, at each holding of the privy council, the members who are to compose the privy council.
LVIII. The First Consul ratifies treaties of peace and alliance, after having taking the advice of the privy council. Before the promulgation of them, he acquaints the senate with them.
LIX. The act of the nomination of a member of the legislative body, of the tribunate, and of the tribunal of cassation, is entitled arrete.
LX. The acts of the senate relative to its police, and to its internal administration, are entitled deliberations.
LXI. In the course of the year eleven, the appointments of fourteen citizens shall be proceeded upon, to complete the number of eighty senators fixed by the 15th article of the constitution. This nomination shall be made by the senate upon the presentation of the First Consul, who, for such presentation, shall select three persons from the list of citizens drawn up by the electoral colleges.
LXII. The members of the grand council of the legion of honour are members of the senate, whatever be their age.
LXIII. The First Consul may besides appoint, to the senate, without the previous presentation by the electoral colleges of the departments, citizens distinguished for their services and talents, on condition, nevertheless, that they shall be of the age required by the constitution, and that the number of Senators shall not, in any case, exceed 120.
LXIV. The Senators may be Consuls, Ministers, Members of the Legion of Honour, Inspectors of Public Instruction, and employed in extraordinary and temporary missions.
LXV. The Senate names every year two of its members to perform the functions of secretaries.
LXVI. The ministers sit in the senate, but without any deliberative voice, unless they be senators.
TITLE THE SIXTH.—Of the counsellors of state.
LXVII. The Counsellors shall never exceed fifty in number.
LXVIII. The Council of State is divided into sections.
LXIX. The Ministers take rank, sitting, and deliberative voice, in the council of state.
TITLE THE SEVENTH.—Of the Legislative Body.
LXX. Each Department shall have, in the Legislative Body, a number of members proportioned to the extent of its population, conformably to the annexed table.
LXXI. All the members of the Legislative Body, belonging to the same department, are named at once.
LXXII. The Departments of the republic are divided into five series, conformably to the annexed table.
LXXIII. The present deputies are classed in the five series.
LXXIV. They shall be renewed in the year to which the series shall belong, in which shall be placed the department to which they shall have been attached.
LXXV. Nevertheless, the deputies that have been appointed in the year 10, shall complete their five years.
LXXVI. The government convokes, adjourns, and prorogues the Legislative Body.
TITLE THE EIGHTH.—Of the Tribunate.
LXXVII. Dating from the year 13, the tribunate shall be reduced to fifty members. Half of the fifty shall go out every three years: until that reduction be made, the members going out shall not be replaced. The tribunate divides itself into sections.
LXXVIII. The Legislative Body and the tribunate are renewed in all their members, when the senate has pronounced the dissolution of those bodies.
TITLE THE NINTH.—Of justice and the Tribunals.
LXXIX. There is a grand judge, minister of justice.
LXXX. He has a distinguished place in the senate and the council of state.
LXXXI. He presides over the tribunal of cassation, and the tribunals of appeal, when government deem it proper.
LXXXII. He has over the tribunals, the Justices of Peace, and the members that compose them, the right of superintending and censuring them.
LXXXIII. The tribunal of cassation, when he presides over it, has the right of censures and discipline over the tribunals of appeal and the criminal tribunals; it may, for weighty causes, suspend the judges from their functions, summon them before the Grand Judge to give an account of their conduct.
LXXXIV. The Tribunal of Appeal have the right of superintendence over the civil tribunals of their district, and the civil tribunals over the Justices of Peace of their arrondissement.
LXXXV. The Commission of government to the tribunal of cassation, superintends the Commissions to the tribunals of appeal, and the criminal tribunals. The Commissions to the tribunals of appeal superintends the Commissions to the tribunals of the first species.
LXXXVI. The members of the tribunal of cassation are named by the senate upon the presentation of the First Consul. The First Consul presents three persons for each vacant place.
TITLE THE TENTH.—Right of pardon.
LXXXVII. The First Consul has the right of granting pardon. He exercises it after having heard a privy council, consisting of the Grand Judges, two members of the tribunal of cassation, the council of state, after having, upon the transmission from the Consuls, discussed the above plan, approve it, and decrees, that it shall be presented to the Consuls in the form prescribed by the regulation.
A true copy, The Secretary general of the council of state.
(Signed) J. G. LOCRE. Approved the First Consul, (Signed)
BONAPARTE. By the First Consul, The Secretary of State. (Signed)
H. B. MARET. The plan of organic Senatus Consultum given above, has been carried by the counsellors of state, Regnier, Portalis, and Desolles, Orators of the government, to the Conservative Senate, which has adopted it in this day's sitting.
Paris, August, 3.
Several deputations of the public functionaries of Paris have asked to present their congratulations to the First Consul.
The First Consul will receive, on the 15th of this month, all deputations.
In the evening there will be an illumination and Concert in the garden of the Thuilleries.
The Senate has already ordered dispositions to celebrate that day in their palace.
French funds, 53 1-2 10th.
On the evening of the 4th, the Conservative Senate of France had their place illuminated, on occasion of the Proclamation of BONAPARTE, as Chief Consul for life.
BONAPARTE, on the occasion of his investiture with the Consulship for life, was magnificently dressed in a Lyons blue silk coat, richly ornamented with silver and good foil.
Letters from Vienna, of the 22d ult. state, that a courier had arrived there from Semlin, with intelligence that new troubles had broken out at Constantinople, and that the Grand Seigneur had been obliged to take shelter in some of the Asiatic Provinces.
London, August 5.
Citizen Fouché has, within these few days, caused twelve of his former confraternity Jacobins (or reputed such), male and female, to be taken into custody. They have been put into the Temple, as successors to some of the 150 (free) Frenchmen whose sentence of transportation BONAPARTE signed on the morning of the 14th of July last, (the better day the better deed) without the previous ceremony of a trial. Among these fresh victims, there is an individual of the name of Gondallier, who was absurdly said to be implicated in the affair of Barentin; and another named the Marquis de la Mottefort, whose only crime is to have published some unpleasant truths relative to Fouché himself. These truths he confessed in the Historical Dictionary of the French Revolution, which he had printed about three years ago at Hamburg.
The Island of Elba is the depot of Citizen Fouché and the Island of Madagascar is destined to receive those Frenchmen who may happen to incur his displeasure.
Though the Minister of the Police be extremely zealous and active, his credit is decreasing. Our Brother Lucien has, since his reconciliation at Court, done every thing to injure him. Lucien does not forget that it was Fouché, who drove him from the administration of the Home Department, and par pari resertur is one of Lucien's axioms.
Private letters state that a wonderful change is about to take place in the government of the ci-devant French Republic. In the interim, the Senators are trembling; the Members of the Tribunate are shuddering, while the Humble Legislators observe a modest and studied silence.
A new Vendee is breaking out; the Jacobins in that country have avowed themselves the friends of Moreau, (he is their countryman in a wide sense) and the consequent enemies of Bonaparte. The walls of Rennes are every night covered with Placards, bearing these energetic words—Vive Moreau! Guerre a Bonaparte! To the exclamations are also added the most violent invectives against the First Consul. Moreover, the

new Prefect, known not what to do—he is thunderstruck—he had, however, the resolution to remove from within his jurisdiction a demi-brigade, which had manifested a very emphatical opinion in favor of Moreau; but the removal alluded to, did, by no means, do away the subject of complaint—for the Bretons , to a man, will to see Moreau at the head of affairs.
The Exchequer of France being exhausted, Bonaparte, three weeks ago, dispatched a millive to a rich Contractor of the name of Ouvrard in which he was ordered to furnish him instantaneously with a very considerable sum, for which he would allow him proper interest. The Contractor, however, neither answered the letter, nor waited upon the writer of it; the consequence was, that the Goyen Tourneur was furnished with appointments, gratis, in the Temple. During his short stay in the Basile , the person, who, in his absence was to victual the navy, committed so many blunders, that the place was again offered to him, but the steady Ouvrard declined it with manly contempt.
Poor Tourneur is destined to occupy the Dangeon of Besancon , lately vacated by M. d. Barmont, who has been transferred to the Bastille of Ham , in Picardy.
LONDON, August 8.
We yesterday received several sets of French Journals to the 5th inst. From these it appears, that the important question, relative to the prolongation of the authority of the First Consul, has been at length brought to a decision. The returns from the different departments were, on the 29th ult. referred to the conservative Senate; and that assembly, on the report of a select committee, stating that out of 3,577,259 citizens who had registered their names, 3,558,185 had voted in the affirmative, passed a decree containing the following dispositions:
I. The French people nominates, and the senate proclaims, Napoleon Bonaparte First Consul for life.
II. A statue of peace, holding in one hand the laurel of victory, and in the other the decree of the senate, shall attest to posterity the gratitude of the nation.
III. The senate shall carry to the consul the expression of the confidence, love, and admiration, of the French people.
In pursuance of the latter resolution, the senate waited upon Bonaparte on the 4th, at the moment when he was engaged in giving an audience to the foreign ambassadors; and citizen BARTHELEMY, lately appointed president of the senate, addressed him in these terms:
Citizen First Consul,
The French people, as a mark of gratitude for the immense services you have rendered them, with that the first magistracy of the state should remain fixed in your person. In thus appropriating to themselves your entire life, they only repeat the opinion of the senate, as recorded in its senatus consultum of the 8th May. The nation, by this solemn act of gratitude, assign you the task of consolidating our institutions. A new career opens to the First Consul! After prodigies of valour and military talents he has terminated the war, and every where obtained the most honorable conditions of peace. Under his auspices, Frenchmen have assumed the attitude and character of real greatness. He is the pacificator of nations, and the reformer of France; his name alone is a tower of strength. Already has an administration of less than three years almost effaced the remembrance of that epoch of anarchy and calamities, which seemed to have dried up the sources of public prosperity. But there still remains evils to be remedied, and anxieties to be dissipated. The French, after having astonished the world by warlike exploits, expect from you, Citizen Consul, all the benefits of the peace you have procured them. If there yet existed any seeds of discord, the proclamation of the perpetual consulate of Bonaparte would cause them to disappear. Every thing is at present rallied around him. His powerful genius can maintain and preserve every thing. He lives only for the prosperity and the happiness of Frenchmen. He will never impart to them but the impulse of glory and the feeling of national grandeur. What nation, in truth, is more deserving of happiness; and of what more enlightened and more sensible people could the esteem and attachment be wished for. The conservative senate will participate in all the generous intentions of government. It will second by every means in its power, those ameliorations whose object is to prevent the return of the calamities which have so long afflicted us, and to extend and consolidate the blessings which you have brought back to us. It is a duty incumbent upon it, thus to concur in the accomplishment of the wishes of the people who have given to striking a proof of their zeal and discernment. The senatus consultum which the senate in a body comes to present to you, Citizen Consul, contains the expression of their particular gratitude. The organ of the sovereign will, they have thought proper, for the more complete fulfilment of the intentions of the French people, to invoke the arts to perpetuate the recollection of this memorable event.
The president having then read the decree of the senate, BONAPARTE made the following reply:
Senators,
The life of a citizen belongs to his country. The French people with that the whole of mine should be consecrated to them—I obey their will. In giving me a new and permanent pledge of their confidence, they impose upon me the duty of relling the system of their laws upon provident institutions. By my efforts, by your assistance, citizens senators, and that of all the authorities, by the confidence and will of this immense people, liberty, equality, and the prosperity of France, will be secure from the caprice of fortune, and the uncertainty of futurity. The best of people will be the happiest, as they most deserve to be, and their happiness will contribute to that of all Europe. Satisfied with having been called by the order of Him from whom all things emanate, to restore upon earth, justice, order, and equality, I shall bear the knell of my last hour without regret and without any inquietude as to the opinion of future generations. Senators, receive my thanks for so solemn a proceeding. The senate has expressed its desire for what the French people have willed and has thus more intimately connected itself with every thing which remains to be done for the happiness of the country. It is extremely grateful to me to find an assurance of this in the speech of so distinguished a president.
From the Morning Herald.
LONDON, August 10.
Yesterday we received the Paris Journals to the 6th inst. Their contents are of some importance, inasmuch as they afford an ample and official confirmation of the intelligence of our valuable Correspondent, communicated so far back as the month of March last. An entire revision of the Constitution has taken place; and the Conservative Senate, in the shape of an organic Senatus Consultum , has made a variety of alterations in it, all tending to strengthen the authority of the Executive Government, by giving fresh powers to the Consular Chief, or rather by pronouncing a civil sanction upon the military assumptions that have hitherto distinguished the reign of Bonaparte. To him and to his obedient Senate, every thing of moment in the Legislative and Executive Department is either actually or virtually given up, with scarcely the shadow of responsibility, or any counteracting power or influence on the part of the Constituted Authorities. Bonaparte is empowered to name his successors if the person he first selects be rejected by the Senate, he is to present a second person; and if the Senate object a second time, he then presents a third person, who must of necessity be accepted:—a proceeding which it is not to be supposed will be had recourse to by the Senate, as the nomination in the first instance will not fail to amount to an actual appointment. The First Consul may also deposit in the Government Archives, a will, containing his wish with respect to his successor, in case he should not choose to name him publicly during his own life time; but it is not obligatory upon the Senate to accept the person so named in the will: if he be not accepted, the Second and Third Consuls are to nominate two candidates; and the appointment must be completed in twenty four hours after the First Consul's death. How far such will is likely to prove efficacious may, perhaps, be the subject of our future discussion; at present, we shall content ourselves with observing, that those of some of the most powerful Potentates have, with very little difficulty, been violated, ere their bodies have well been consigned to the earth. The vacancies in the subordinate Consulships are to be filled up by the Chief Consul , who has the power of nominating his coadjutors for life. He is also to have the power of granting pardons, with the advice of his Ivy Council : an accession of authority certainly very great; but of which, as one of the most amiable prerogatives of the British Crown, we highly and cordially approve. There are to be Assemblies of Cantons, and Electoral Colleges of Districts and Departments, which are to appoint the Members of the Legislative Body. The Tribunate is to be reduced to fifty Members; but this reduction is not to take place for three years from the present date. In the mean time, the Members going out are not to be replaced. The Senate is to be velled with very great powers over the Civil Tribunals. Some few allusions are made to Trial by Jurors, but the higher Constituted Authorities will be allowed to suspend their operations occasionally. The system of representation undergoes a complete change; those will possess the most influence who pay the greater portion of taxes, the principal of which, in future, is to be on income. On the whole, though we do not view these regulations as calculated to enlarge the present circumscribed bounds of Gallic liberty, under many considerations perhaps wisely placed, we cannot altogether condemn them, as inexpedient or unnecessary. Inasmuch as they are calculated to stem effectually the torrent of anarchy, they cannot be displeasing to the
well disposed part of mankind; and as affording an additional security for the duration of tranquility, in the increased power and stability of the Government, the event, though not gratifying to Political Philosophy, must be approved by every friend to good order, by every advocate of humanity, and by all whose principle it is to improve the advantages of peace. Much undoubtably is due to Bonaparte, for the eminent services he has rendered to France; and devoting, as he now does, his sole attention to the happiness of the people whom he governs, Europe can have no cause to deplore any acquisition of power, that promises to be exercised by its possessor for the general good.
London, August 16.
We have received Paris Journals to the 12th inst. Dutch Mails have also arrived.
The Moniteur denies that there exists at present any disposition to attack the independence and the territory of the Ottoman Porte. But if the contrary be the fact, who would expect that it should be avowed before the blow could be struck? Bonaparte's Egyptian expedition shows his sentiments as strongly at least as the paragraph in the Moniteur can be supposed to do. If, however, France wishes to protect the independence of Turkey, it is natural to suppose that all French officers and French influence will quickly be recalled from the camp of Pashwan Oglou. If it be the interest of France to protect the Turks, (and it is the interest of France well understood to renounce all conquests and all schemes of foreign encroachment,) Bonaparte has received a new light. It is not for the happiness or for the liberty of France to have extended her territory as she has done by the revolutionary wars. She has made an empire not a republic; and bartered internal freedom for an empty name. These bad politics, the end of which is mischief, are not yet out of fashion in France. Bonaparte, before he went to Egypt, had fixed his eyes on Turkey as a subject for revolutionary experiment. We have now under our eye a Book of Travels written by a countryman of Bonaparte, a Corsican, named Stephanopoli, who declares that he was sent on purpose to the Morea by Bonaparte, to reconnoitre and prepare the elements of revolution in that quarter. The Book is a foolish one, to be sure, and the spies feign, egregious idiots; but the man expressly declares that he was sent from the Army of Italy by Bonaparte on an Apostolic mission of this kind, and if he tells a falsehood, his book deserves a paragraph as much as any thing that has hitherto excited the resentment of the Moniteur . If Bonaparte, however, has changed his opinion, and really wishes to keep peace in Europe, we are very glad to hear it. Sure we are that the French nation can have no just motive going to war, whatever sinister views its Rulers may have.
NAPLES, July 19.
We learn by a vessel from Algiers, that a Spanish squadron, consisting of three ships of the line and two frigates, appeared before that city on the 16th of June, and that the Commandant of the squadron having learned the pretensions which that regency formed in regard to Spain, declared war against it: out after three days negotiations, every thing was terminated in an amicable manner, and the other Spanish vessels proceeded to Tunis, to repeat, in all probability, the same operation.
In Pursuance of Orders
From the Orphans Court of Washington County, in the District of Columbia, and of Prince George's County, in the state of Maryland, we shall proceed to sell by public Sale, at the farms of the late Notley Young, Esq., in Washington County, on Monday the 25th of October next, if fair, if not fair on the first fair day,
A valuable Stock of Cattle, Draft Horses, Hogs, Sheep, Farming Utensils, and various other articles of the personal Estate of the said Notley Young, deceased—and on the Monday succeeding, being the first day of November, we shall sell all the personal property belonging to the Estate of the said deceased, at his plantation in Prince George's County, in the Forest of Queen Ann, except his slaves, consisting of a very large and valuable stock of every kind, farming utensils, &c. &c.
Nine months credit will be given for all sums above twenty dollars, on bonds with approved security.
BENJ. YOUNG, } Executors. NICH. YOUNG, } ROBT. BRENT. }
N. B. The Sales will commence at the Farm adjoining the City, which be- longed to Mr. Young.
Sept 27th, 1802. ept250.
NOTICE.
THE Subscriber intends to petition the Washington County Court, at their next meeting, for License to keep the ferry from George Town to Virginia, known by the name of Beatty's Ferry. JOHN KENNEDY. Sept 25, 1802. 3m3m19m5f.
WASHINGTON CITY.
FRIDAY, October 1, 1802.
We this day offer to our readers the most interesting details, in the foreign prints, respecting the new measures adopted by Bonaparte. From the day this man substituted force in the room of the national will, by deposing the Directory and dispensing the councils, we have had but one opinion. We distinctly perceived, that nothing could justify the outrage but the principles of military usurpation. Those principles have since been rapidly developed. One blow aimed at liberty has succeeded another, until nothing but the name, and indeed scarcely that, now remains.
The late act of the Consul dictated to the French People the duty of naming Bonaparte First Consul for life. The Senate declares (in its declaration 1) that out of 3,577,259 votes, 3,558,185 were in the affirmative.
With this the insatiable ambition of military usurpation is not satisfied. But under the cover of this monstrous in- viture of power, the Consul seizes, without consulting the People, the full greater power of naming his successor. Even this accession of prerogative is insufficient. The old Constitution is destroyed, and a new one rules on its ruins, without the least sanction of the People. This Constitution consolidates, to use the language of the Senate, all power in the hands of the First Consul, even that of Taxation.
These remarks are not made from any disrespect to the government of France. They are made, that the people of America may realize the felicity of their lot; that they may rejoice in the security of their rights; that they may cherish a perpetual jealousy of military authority; that they may keep alive their warmest affections for republicanism, and check the slightest deviation from it. It was infamous in Rome for any man to despair of the Republic; let it be infamous with us for any man to plot the overthrow of republicanism. Rome used to treat the foreign world as barbarians. Let us, while we extend to them the offices of humanity, decline all political intercourse that is not absolutely necessary.
This new project for organizing the constitution of the French Republic, is represented in some of the London papers as being one of the most ridiculous and incongruous plans, for the government of a nation calling itself free, ever yet proposed for acceptance; the whole power of the state, in all its various branches, being actually or virtually surrendered to the will of the First Consul. There is no responsibility, no check, no counteracting power or influence. National representation appears to be considered a chimera too contemptible for notice, and taxation is left to the direction of the First Magistrate. "In this whole mass of absurdities and gross delusions," says one of the London editors, "there is scarcely a single article that evinces any thing like sound judgment in theory, or facility in practice; and it would not have been difficult to have taken at random, from the pigeon-holes of the Abbe Sieyes , a much better constitution than that which has been adopted."
The intended partition of Turkey obtains among general belief in Europe; and in consequence, several British officers are said to be about entering into the service of the Sultan.
The French government are preparing to avenge the insult offered to their flag by the cruisers of the Dey of Algiers. Two divisions have failed from Brest for the purpose of chastising these petty depredators upon the commerce of the Mediterranean.
NFW-YORK, Sept. 25.
Captain Crowell, of the Schooner Eliza Ann , arrived last evening in 12 days from Cape Francois, informs that 5 days previous to his sailing, it was reported that the negroes had rebelled at the eastern part of the island, and had set fire to a little town near Monte-Christie. Capt. C. saw the flames from the Cape.
On the 9th inst. the French fleet, consisting of 16 sail, with a large number of troops, arrived at the Cape from France. This reinforcement gave general joy to the inhabitants, who were under no small apprehensions from the spirit of revolt lately manifested by the blacks in different quarters of the island. The malignant fever still raged among the troops—Markets dull.
This morning arrived the ship Brothers , Hall, in 33 days from Liverpool. London papers are received by her to the 18th ult. but we understand they contain no political news of importance.
FOR RENT,
SEVERAL Houses in New Jersey Avenue, Sowell calculated for Boarding Houses and private families. WM. BRENT, Atty. for Thomas Law, Esq. Sept 29, 1802. ept14D.
By virtue of an order from Montgomery County Court, to us directed, we will proceed to sell on Monday the 24th day of October next, if fair, otherwise the next fair day, in the Premises to the highest bidder, on a credit of one, two, three and four years with interest to be paid annually from the date. All the right, title and estate of JOSEPH SIMMES, deceased, to a certain tract of land, called the Second Addition to Culvers Chance, containing 300 acres, lying on a stream of water called the North West, and in Montgomery County, now in possession of his widow Catharine Simmes. DANIEL REITZEL, } ADAM KING, } JOHN THRELKELD, } Sept. 27, 1802. ept250.
The Subscriber wishes to rent the House he now lives in on Pennsylvania Avenue, opposite Mr. Duane's Stationery store—it is well fitted for a boarding House or private family.—There is a large room and passage on the first floor; there, on the second floor, and two good bed chambers in the garret, with a good kitchen and pantry under the whole. JOHN GARDNER. October 18, 1802. ept250.
WAS STOLEN,
On Friday the 23th instant, out of the House of David Tweedy,
A SMALL TRUNK, CONTAINING 300 dollars cash, bank notes and bills, Banking, wall-clocks, and three pocket knives, with several papers therein.—Whoever will come forward and give information to the owner, so that he may get the articles again, shall receive a reward of 60 dollars, and no questions asked. WILLIAM HIRSON, Living at Mr. Reinhardt's, near the War Office. Sept. 29th, 1802. 3t.
NOTICE.
THE creditors of Ulrich Forst, bankrupt, having appointed me the assignee of his estate and effects. All persons indebted to him, previous to the date of the commission of bankruptcy are required to make payment, and those who hold any of his property, to deliver the same to me.
Mr. Forst is authorized to make settlements of accounts and to attend to all business relating to his estate. JOHN HEWITT, Assignee. Aug. 30, 1802. 1aw4
District of Virginia,
RICHMOND, Supervisor's Office
June 30, 1802.
IT being believed that considerable portions of lands in the back counties of the State of Virginia, on which the Direct Tax of the United States remains unpaid, are owned by persons residing out of the state; and the same having been advertised, in pursuance of the act of Congress of the 16th of March last, an abstract of the act entitled "An act to lay and collect a Direct Tax within the United States," as may be seen by the notification of the Supervisor of the 2d June inst. and running in the "Examiner of Richmond," that being the paper in which the laws of the state are printed, to be sold for the tax and costs, in all cases where the same shall not be paid within six months from the date of the notification agreeably to the 2d section of the said amendatory act; it is recommended to all who own lands in the said state, whereon they do not know the tax to have been paid, to take measures for having the transfer of which have been lodged at the Supervisor's Office at Richmond, as directed by the said last-mentioned act, examined, in order to the ascertaining & paying such tax where due. And as, in some instances, lands have been assessed in the names of persons heretofore owners, but who have alienated them, it is further recommended that, upon finding to examine the transfer, all names known to have been at any time connected as owner or owners with any tract or tracts in question, be sent forward, the better to guide the examination. The sale will take place generally in the month of December next, on dates which may be seen in the notification referred to above. This short sketch of the business is published in some of the papers of other states as a means of more certainly calling the attention of persons concerned, to the subject. E. CARRINGTON, Supervisor of the District of Virginia. Aug. 16, 1802. 1aw3m
FOR SALE,
A FEW Puncheons excellent Antigua Rum, of 3d and 4th proof. Apply to the Subscriber. WM. BRENT. Sept. 29, 1802. tf.
TO LET.
A TWO STORY FRAME HOUSE near the Bank, the tenant will have the advantage of a well cultivated Garden. Enquire of Mr. Joseph Saul, at the office of Dill. Court and Deposit, Washington. Sept. 27, 1802. tf.
NOTICE.
COMMITTED to the Jail of Washington County, District of Columbia, on 20th August, negro CATE 5 feet high, who says she belongs to James Koath Esq. of Alexandria.
Committed the 28th, negro DAVY, 5 feet to 1-2 inches high, about 35 years of age, yellow complexion with a scar between his eye-brows occasioned by a hurt when a child, a ship-carpenter by trade, formerly the property of James Clagett of George Town.—The above negroes if not taken away by their owners will be sold agreeable to law, for jail fees. ROBERT MCLEAN, Sailor. For Daniel C. Brent, Marshal of the District of Columbia. Washington County, } Sept. 2d, 1802. }

TO THE PUBLIC.
The Proprietors of the Charter for opening the Navigation of the Catawba and Wateree Rivers, having at length been, with much satisfaction, the completion of the Santee Canal, propose to recommence their operations for opening the Catawba and Wateree Rivers during the present year, as soon as the state of the said Rivers will permit.
In the mean while they have determined to double the number of their shares for the purpose of admitting such persons as may choose to become subscribers. The expenses which have been already incurred by the Company amount to one hundred dollars on each share of the present number, which, when doubled according to the present determination, will reduce it to fifty dollars a share.
The Charter of South-Carolina is in perpetuity, and these shares are forever exempted from any rate, tax, duty, assessment or imposition whatever. The Act of North Carolina, authorises the Company to fix and establish a toll on all goods and merchandise, for 99 years, and exempt their shares from any rate, tax, duty, assessment or imposition whatever, for the same period of time.
The present proprietors think it a duty incumbent on them, to inform the public, that a very considerable sum is expected to be raised from the sale of vacant lands, (which extend two miles on each side of the Catawba river, the whole length thereof from the North Carolina line down to Camden Ferry, a distance of not less than 120 miles, and in which is supposed are reserved to the company, not less than 58,000 or 60,000 acres) and left they should be deferred from engaging in the present navigation, by a reference to the enormous expense of the Santee Canal, the stockholders think it is but just that they should declare their opinion of the improbability of the subscribers being called upon for more than 16 dollars on each share per annum, as it would be impossible for the works to be carried on longer than for about four months in the year, since the labourers will be chiefly employed in the water.
It is further to be remarked, that the Catawba river is looked upon as the most proper site for the establishment of a magazine, foundry and arsenal, for the three southern states, viz. North and South Carolina and Georgia; that surveys have been made, and a statement thereof forwarded on this subject some years ago, to the Secretary at War; that the state of South Carolina passed an act, authorising a purchase by the United States, of a certain quantity of land within this state; and the Catawba company have offered to release to the United States, any of their lands on said river, for such purpose, on a fair valuation. The hour now seems to approach for such an establishment; not only because it is a time of almost profound peace throughout the world, but that the idea is revived by the President of the United States, in his message of the 2d of February, 1802, to Congress, wherein he says, "besides the permanent magazines established at Springfield, West Point, and Harper's Ferry, it is thought one should be established at some point convenient for the states of North Carolina, South Carolina and Georgia, such a point will be found near the borders of the Carolinas; and some small provision by the legislature, preparatory to the establishment, will be necessary for the present year." And nature indeed has pointed out this river as the most proper place for such a magazine, from the vast quantities of ore which have been discovered on the Catawba and its two branches, and there can be no doubt but that such an abundance of metal must attract the attention of the engineer, who may be authorised to examine and determine on a proper site for this establishment, particularly as there are already several furnaces and forges on the abovenamed rivers, at some of which six pound guns have been cast and bored, equal to any ever imported or made to the northward.
The company intend for the present season, to confine their operations to the removal of the obstructions from Rocky Mount to Camden Ferry, to the opening of a road for a carrying place, and the transportation of goods, from above the Falls at Rocky Mount, down to the Old Ferry landing; to the erection of a bridge across the Rocky Creek, and to the building a boat, and establishing the Ferry, which is allowed them by law.
At a meeting of the Catawba Company, on the 4th of March, 1802, two-thirds of whom being present,
On motion, resolved, That the six hundred shares in the Company of the Catawba and Wateree Rivers, be subdivided into twelve hundred.
That the present proprietors be entitled to hold double the number of their present shares; and that they have besides a preference to extend the number of their shares to one for every ten to which they shall be entitled after such subdivision.
To every new subscriber who shall pay 50 dollars, shall be entitled not only to the advantages to be derived from the opening of said river; but also to a proportionate interest in the lands vested in the Company by the legislature of this state.
Resolved, That 100 shares be reserved to be offered to the state of South Carolina, and that an equal number of shares be reserved to be tendered to the state of North Carolina.
At an anniversary meeting of the Catawba Company, on Tuesday the 10th instant, the following resolutions were entered into:—
"That an advertisement be published, inviting persons to contract for the opening of Graves's Ford and Love's Ford to be ten and wide as to admit boats drawing 2 feet 9 inches water, and 12 feet wide; also, for opening a road and carrying place, from above Rocky Mount, to the Ferry landing below, and for constructing a bridge across Rocky Creek; also, for building a Ferry Boat to ply across the river, at or near the present landing at Rocky Mount, also for surveying the vacant lands, which have been already granted them by the legislature. Such undertakers to give approved security for the faithful fulfilment of their respective contracts, and to direct their applications to the President, Judge Grimké, during the sitting of the constitutional court at Columbia, from the 19th to the 24th of April next, or to Charles Tew, the Secretary, in Charleston, on or before the 15th day of May next ensuing.
"That the President do establish a correspondence with some mercantile house in Cambridge, and endeavour to obtain permission to lodge with them the monies of the Company, and that they would disburse the same, according to the directions of the Company.
"That one hundred shares be offered to the citizens of North Carolina, and that they have to the first day of January next ensuing, to subscribe for such shares; and that General Davie be authorised to appoint some person or persons in that state to receive such subscriptions on the part of the Company, payable as in the following resolution:
"That col. Scott, col. Hill, and John Simpson, esq. clerk of Lancaster court, be authorised to receive subscriptions from such persons as are inclined to become proprietors, and who reside within the limits of this state, and that they take notes, payable to the President and Directors of the Company for opening the navigation of the Catawba and Wateree Rivers on the first day of March 1803, and they be authorised to deliver receipts for the same in the nature of scrip, in such form as the President and Directors shall appoint.
"That these resolutions, with the late publication in the papers of this city, as far as the President and Directors shall deem necessary and proper, be inserted in Cox and Shepard's Gazette of this city, and in the one which is printed in Raleigh, North Carolina, by Joseph Gales, once a month until the 1st of October next.
"That the Solicitor of the company be instructed to adopt the most immediate measures for the recovery of such balances as appear to be due by such proprietors as have paid none of the requisitions for the last 18 months past, and that the Secretary do furnish him with a list of the names of such defaulters.
"That the following mode be adopted as the uniform rule of transferring the shares of the company. "I. A. B. do transfer my right to share No. forty, (the number must be in letters and not numerals) in the company for opening the navigation of the Catawba and Wateree rivers, unto C. D. for value received. Signed A. B. Witnessed by E. F. G. H. Proved on oath, before me, L. M.—J. P."
"That the sum of one shilling and two pence be paid on each share, on the requisition which shall become due, on the third Tuesday of September next ensuing, and the same sum on the third Tuesday of March thereafter.
"South Carolina, 1802."
"Received of _____ a note payable to the President and Directors of the Company, for opening the navigation of the Catawba and Wateree rivers, for fifty dollars, which, when paid, will entitle him to be a stockholder in the said company."
TO BE RENTED,
Two or three large three story brick Houses.
SITUATED on the Capitol Hill, convenient to the Capitol—to prevent trouble it is wished that no one would apply who will not pay half the rent in advance, or who can give good security for the payment of the rent—possession to be had the first of November, application to be made to DANL. CARROLL of Dudn. Sept. 8, 1802. eptn.
Charlotte Hall School.
NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN, THAT the Trustees on the 4th Monday of October next, if fair, or the first fair day thereafter, will contract with any person of reputable character, who will undertake the stewardship of said School for the year 1803.
Signed by order, NEALE H. SHAW, Reg.
Cool Springs, St. Mary's Co. September 17, 1802. 3w.
INFORMATION.
I do hereby certify, that on the 13th July, 1802, I directed the proper officers of the customs to give a fair trial, experimentally to Mr. Dearborn's patent balance, to ascertain its correctness with the standard weights of the treasury of this state; and particularly its utility, in the facility of weighing dutiable cargoes. The surveyor and weigh master of the port, have, after various experiments, and after due examination, reported to me this day, as follows:
That they tried Dearborn's patent balance with the 50, 25, 14, 7, and 4 pounds brass legal standard weights, procured from the treasury of this state, and found the patent balance critically correct.
After several comparative trials, they report:—
That they weighed in the custom-house scales, 10 hogheads of sugar in one hour, with six hands. The same 10 hogheads of sugar were weighed in the patent balance in twenty-two minutes, with only two hands.
In the scales 34 barrels of coffee and sugar were weighed in thirty-seven minutes, with two hands. In the patent balance the same 34 barrels of coffee and sugar were weighed in twenty-two minutes, with two hands.
In the scales 15 boxes of Havana sugar were weighed in fifteen minutes, with four hands. In the patent balance, 15 boxes of the same Havana sugar were weighed in fifteen minutes, with two hands.
In weighing a hoghead of sugar in the scales, it required 3lbs. weight to preponderate the scale. In weighing the same hoghead of sugar in the patent balance, half a pound weight would preponderate the scale.
Two drays are necessary to carry from wharf to wharf, the custom-house triangles, scales and weights, sufficient to weigh a hoghead of sugar. One dray is necessary to carry the custom-house triangle, scales and weights, to weigh smaller articles. The patent balance, with its frame and weights (consisting of only two brass 32lb. weights, and one brass 16lb. weights) can be moved from wharf to wharf on a hand cart, with two labourers only.
Any person who understands simple addition, can in five minutes be taught the use of the patent balance.
The patent balance occupies a less space of ground on the wharf, than the triangle and scales.
The beam, scales and weights of the custom house, were proved by this valuable patent balance, to be incorrect; and by which, as a true and just standard, the necessary adjustments are making.
The cost of the patent balance is half less than scales and weights. In all cases one third, and in heavy articles two thirds of labour is saved: and in its use in the custom house, dray hire is altogether saved. Hence as respects its correctness, facility in weighing, saving in the first cost, saving of labour, and from weights being always liable to injury and reduction of weight, by the removal of the lead necessary to secure the handle to the weights, (and to adjust the weight) the patent balance is rendered, in my judgement, preferable in every point of view, to the common beam scales and weights. It combines the use of the common freely (without its imperfection) with the common scales, but is superior to either, from the reasons given. In a word, it is my opinion, that the patent balance requires only to be known & understood, when it will be universally used, in preference to the common beam scales and weights.
At all times it would afford me pleasure to certify the meritorious discoveries of any person—but I feel a more than ordinary pleasure on the present occasion, to give publicity to the merit of a country-man, an American.
As Dearborn's patent balances are made to weigh from one pound weight and upward, as may be required, it is in the power of every person to suit himself with a balance to weigh as much as he may choose.
Not only as justice due to merit, but as an encouragement to others, I with pleasure give this certificate, and sincerely hope that Mr. Dearborn will be as generously rewarded for his important discovery, as I feel a conviction that his discovery of the patent balance will be universally useful & beneficial to his country. Given under my hand, at the Custom-House of Charleston, this seventh day of August, 1802.
JAMES SIMONS. Collector of the Customs.
Prices of the Patent Balance, at the Manufactory.
   D. C.     A beam with its poizes to weigh from one pound to one hundred pounds, 4 50   Do. do. from 2 to 200 do. 10 25   Do. do. from 5 to 500 14 75   Do. do. from 5 to 800 23 75   Do. do. from 5 to 1000 27 75   Do. do. from 10 to 1500 41 50   Do. do. from 10 to 2000 54 00   Do. do. from 20 to 3000 70 50  
The above prices are for the beams and poizes only, every article of the apparatus is at a fixed price, in addition to the above, that purchasers may be suitably accommodated without paying for any article they may not want.
The following are the prices of the apparatus at the manufactory:—
A frame 7 dollars—a screw 4 dollars—a guard 1 dollar and 25 cents.
A balance weight from 2 dollars to 2 dollars and 75 cents.
A scale and skid from 8 to 12 dollars—according to the size required.
By the above general estimate, the prices of beams of any intermediate or larger size may be nearly ascertained, exclusive of the charges of transportation.
Thomas Carpenter, TAYLOR,
HAS just received an elegant and fashionable assortment of summer goods, consisting of London superfine cloths and cassimeres; India, Manchester, and silk striped nankenees; cotton cassimeres, boglepoor, Bengal elegant white chintz for pantaloon, white and coloured marselles, janes and satin crepe, overs, silk ginghams, black and other coloured striped satins, &c. All which he will make up on the most reasonable terms, and in the most near and fashionable manner—Pennsylvania Avenue, west of the President's square. May 24, 1802. eptf
CHARLES VARDEN,
MERCHANT TAYLOR from Philadelphia, Capitol Hill, New-Jersey Avenue.
HAS received an assortment of summer goods consisting of the best superfine Cloths.
 Cassimeres,  Silk Barracanas,  English Striped Nankenees,  White India Dimities,  White and printed Marselles, 
With a variety of other articles suitable for the summer season.
N. B. Ladys Habits, Regimentals and Navy uniforms, made in the first style of fashion.
July 2, 1802. tf
City Hotel, BROADWAY NEW-YORK.
THE Subscriber most respectfully informs his friends and the public, that the above Hotel will be opened on the first of May ensuing, when their patronage is earnestly solicited. He avails himself of this opportunity to return his sincere and grateful thanks to those societies, parties, and gentlemen, who have given him their support, and assures them that a continuance of their favors will be a stimulus to future exertions to please and for the utmost attention shall be given for their comfort and accommodation.
Boarding may be had by the day, week, month, or year. Families travelling, may be elegantly accommodated with lodging and sitting rooms; and, if preferred, have dinners &c. in their apartments.
The Hotel being so well known, it is almost useless to say, that it is situated in one of the most healthy and pleasant parts of the city; commanding an extensive view in every direction, not only of the city itself, but also of the Narrows, the North and East Rivers, the state of New-Jersey, York and Long-Island, &c. &c.
A handsome coffee-room will be fitted up in the principal floor; where gentlemen may have tea, coffee, chocolate, soups, and refreshments in general, at the shortest notice. All the leading newspapers in the union, will be regularly taken in.
Public dinners and suppers in a plain or elegant style either for large or small parties. Also, beef steaks, oysters, &c. regularly furnished. An ordinary every day at half past 5 o'clock, by the public's obedient servant, JOHN LOVETT.
N. B. Rooms to let by the month or year. April 22, 1802. eptf
AGREABLY to a Deed of Trust from Anthony Addison to the Subscriber, will be offered
For Sale,
TO the highest bidder, by Public Auction, at Stell's Hotel, in the City of Washington, on Monday the 9th day of August next, all that tract of land lying and being on the Eastern Branch of the Potomac, opposite to said City, called "Chichester, with addition resurveyed," containing three hundred acres.
On the above-mentioned tract of land, is the Ferry Landing, so well known by the name of "Dyer's Ferry," now in the occupation of Capt. Naylor.
The Sale to commence at 11 o'clock in the forenoon—Terms of sale cash.
Wm BRENT. June 30, 1802. eptf. The above sale is postponed till Saturday the 9th day of October next. Aug. 16, 1802. ts
TO RENT,
And possession given immediately,
A TWO STORY brick house on F street near the War Office, containing two parlors, six bed rooms, and a kitchen, with an excellent garden, coach house, stable, &c. The house is newly painted and papered; it was formerly occupied by Mr. Dexter, and lately by Mr. John Brown. Enquire of Clement Dorsey, Esq. George-Town; or of the subscriber, who has for sale a well finished three story brick house opposite the Six Buildings, and a variety of City Lots in the most eligible situations. The above House will be sold for less than any gentleman could build it. The payments will be made easy on the whole of the above property.
WILLIAM DYER. April 7, 1802. eptf. Building Materials will be taken in part payment. W. D.
Valuable property for Sale.
Will be Sold at Mr. Dougherty's Tavern, in the town of Bladensburg, on Saturday the ninth day of October, to the highest bidder, the following property, viz.
1st. THAT well improved lot of ground now lately occupied by Mr. Horatio Ross—the improvements are a large convenient and well finished brick house, two stories high, having on the first floor, four handsome rooms, with fire places in each, and on the second a large and complete nursery, two bed rooms with a fire place in each, and two well finished store rooms. This lot with the garden contains about three acres of ground, and has on it also all the necessary out houses—a new and complete chestnut paling incloses the front, (and a new oak and chestnut post and rail fence the garden.) annexed to this lot will be sold if required about two acres of timothy meadow, from whence a stream of water from a never failing spring may be conducted over any part of the garden or lot, so as to supply an extensive fish pond or dairy, either of which may be constructed at a small expense; the ground being deeply situated.
2d. That well improved lot late the property of Maj. David Ross—the improvements are a large and well finished stone house, rough casted, three handsome rooms, and a complete store room, with a fire place in each, and an entry on the first floor, three bed rooms with a fire place in each—two other small bed rooms and a complete store room and entry on the second floor—the out houses are an excellent stable and carriage house, and corn house—an excellent stone meat house, an extensive wash house with lodging rooms for the servants, and a complete stone house and dairy, with a never failing spring of water, an excellent garden abounding with a variety of fruit and fruitbery—a neat yard in front and about three acres of meadow ground behind are annexed to this lot, as is about half an acre of high ground, from whence the meadow may be watered the whole year round. In short both of these lots are well improved, and for their many local advantages might at a small expense be rendered as elegant as any property in the state.—There will also be sold several unimproved lots in the most central parts of the town, so divided as to accommodate purchasers.
When it is considered this property is within five miles of the capitol of the United States, that the spring waters at Bladensburg which have been for some time highly esteemed, will shortly render it perhaps the most considerable watering place on the continent, every person must at once be impressed with the probable appreciation of property situated as this is. Terms of sale one and two years credit, for bonds upon interests from date of sale approved security. Sept. 8, 1802. WM. STEUART. eptf
VENDUE.
THE SUBSCRIBER intending to remove from the City of Washington, offers for public sale at his present residence on Capitol Hill, on Thursday the 7th day of October next at 11 o'clock, for each only, a variety of genteel and useful Household and Kitchen
FURNITURE;
Consisting of beds, bedsteads and furniture, tables, chairs, desks and book cases, looking glasses, carpets, and a number of articles too numerous for insertion, together with a private library of well selected books.
ALSO, three good milch cows, a valuable young saddle horse, and a single riding chair. Likewise a negro woman accustomed to house work. The sale to continue from day to day until all are sold. WM. KING. Sept. 29, 1802. eptf.
LEWIS DEBLOIS,
Has just received by the Brig Leopard, the following articles, which he offers for sale, on moderate terms—at his store on Stewart or Lownde's Wharf.
 Russia Sheetings,  Ravens Duck,  India Cottons,  Oznabrigs,  Sweeds Ton,  Cordage,  Sugar in Barrels,  New-England Rum, 
A few Casks of cut Nails, of different sizes. George Town, Sept. 22, 1802. 3
MARSHAL'S SALE.
By virtue of a writ of fieri facias, issued out of the Circuit Court of the District of Columbia for Washington County, to me directed, I have served and taken, and shall proceed to sell at M c LAUGHLIN'S Tavern George town, on Saturday the 23d of October next, at 10 o'clock P. M. for cash.
THAT valuable house and lot in George Town, situate lying and being at the intersection of Falls and Water Streets, being part of the lot or parcel of ground, known and distinguished as No. 50, in the plan of said Town, at present occupied by Jeremiah Conner, Esq.
ALSO, one half square of ground in said Town, with all the houses and out houses thereon, at present occupied by Mr. Riley—the said half square is divided into four lots and designated in the plan of the town by the following numbers, viz. 46, 47, 59 and 60.
ALSO, two tracts or parcels of land adjoining each other, situate, lying and being in the County of Washington, between Bladensburg and the City of Washington, known and called by the names of Scotland and Barbadoes, containing about 206 acres, as situate in the occupancy of Mr. Henry Smith. The above property will be sold to satisfy debt and cost, due the President, Directors, and Company of the Bank of Columbia, by George M c Gruder.
DANL. C. BRENT, Marshal District Columbia. Sept. 24, 1802.