The national intelligencer and Washington advertiser. (Washington City [D.C.]), 1805-05-08 00:00:00

NATIONAL INTELLIGENCER, AND WASHINGTON ADVERTISER.
Vol. V.
WASHINGTON CITY, PRINTED BY SAMUEL HARRISON SMITH, PENNSYLVANIA AVENUE.
NO. DCCXV.
FIVE DOLLARS PER ANNUM.
WEDNESDAY, MAY 8th, 1805
PAID IN ADVANCE
ANSWER TO LORD SHEFFIELD'S PAMPHLET, ON THE SUBJECT OF THE NAVIGATION SYSTEM:
Proving, that the acts deviating therefrom, which his lordship censures, were beneficial to our trade and navy, in the last war, and ought to be renewed in the present.
By S. COCKE, Commercial and Public Agent to the Corporation of Liverpool.
[Continued.]
In 1792, the import value was fifty millions, the duty about five, as in the former year, with a similar proportion from France, Spain and Holland. The exports of 1792, were sixty millions, with a proportionate duty. The exports to France was somewhat greater than in the usual proportion to the imports; probably owing to the war which had commenced between France and Germany, and in which we were not yet engaged. Their war might lessen the number of commodities they could spare, and increase their demands for the commodities of Britain. But, whatever may have been the cause, such was the fact.
In 1801, the value of the imports was eighty millions; duty eight; being somewhat increased from 1800; and that increase was from the hostile countries, through the still more extensive operation of the dispensing acts. The value of exports was about one hundred and ten millions, with a proportionate duty.
From the preceding statements, it is evident that, in the three last years of the peace, the most flourishing period of trade which the commercial history of England had then to record, the amount of commerce and revenue was, beyond all comparison, less than the amount of the three last years even of war, only distant nine years from the period of peace; and it is evident, both from detail and result, that this increase at an unfavorable epoch, was greatly owing to that liberal change of policy which admitted a free trade through every conveyance by which Britain could be benefited. It, as Lord Sheffield professes to deem necessary to our salvation as a commercial and naval nation, Britain had rigidly adhered to the navigation system of the seventeenth century, the consequence would have been, that we should have had much less than half the commerce and revenue to meet the arduous contest in which we were engaged. This immense rise in our trade and financial resources, while our shipping interest was promoted more than ever; our mercantile sailors more numerous than ever; and our fighting sailors more numerous and restless than ever; affords the strongest proof of the wisdom of that change of laws which accommodates itself to circumstances. Can that be an unwise policy which has so much enriched private and public wealth, the grand objects of political economy; and under which our chief bulwark of strength has become powerful beyond all example? When was the strength of France nearly equal to its present state? yet in what former war was her naval strength so completely surpassed by the British navy, as in the last years of the late war, and in the present? Even in the glorious times of Mr. Secretary Pitt, was the French navy so much inferior to ours, that they durst not venture to look us in the face. Then they were beaten, as they always have been; but the difference was not so great as to crush competition. The resources of France are infinitely beyond what they were when she could venture to meet us at sea. Never had she half the means of making a powerful navy that she has at present; and never had she a ruler of more energy and enterprise, with respect to such objects as would be hostile to Britain. Yet, possessing such means of naval force as no potentate on the continent of Europe ever possessed; a most ardent desire to use those means; with as much invention and ability as any of our enemies could ever boast, Bonaparte, with all his transcendent power, is much less able to contend with Britain at sea, than any ruler of that country with whom we ever had to contend. When we are so far superior to the most powerful of our foes, is not that a demonstration that we ourselves have immensely risen in naval power? Even in
the beginning of last war, before this departure from the navigation system, which was formed for the circumlocutions of the seventeenth century, the French strength was so considerable that they met us with confidence on the ocean; and, though uniformly defeated, they were only defeated after a very arduous struggle.
The acts dispensing from the navigation system, though passed in 1795 and 1796, did not fully operate in the extension of our commerce and advancement of our navy, to an undisturbed superiority over France and her allies, until some years after.
In 1797 the Dutch dared to meet admiral Duncan, and the Spanish admiral Jervis, and in 1798 the French themselves ventured to oppose admiral Nelson; but since 1799 [from which year the increase of our wealth and revenue, through the employment of neutral carriers, has so much augmented our resources, and enabled us to employ such numbers of fighting sailors,] neither the French nor any of their dependent allies have ventured to meet us at sea. Our superiority, always manifest, is now such as to prevent dispute. No fleet or squadron can encounter us; and can that be unwise policy under which our enemies, instead of combating us as before dare not risk an encounter with us; and are the nearest arrangements which France ever prepared being blocked up for months by our fleets, proofs that our naval power is weakened? What other proofs his lordship can bring, that our naval power is weakened by the departure from a system which was rigidly adhered to one hundred and fifty years ago, I cannot divine; hitherto he has brought none; his attempts at proof are all either repetition of assertions and prophecies, or merely assumptions, that, because a measure is contrary to what was done at a very distant period, and in very different circumstances, therefore it is wrong in the present circumstances, and at the present period. His lordship seems to frame his reasoning on principles more agreeable to the opinion of lawyers, than the policy of senators or statesmen. If you consult a lawyer on the propriety of an act of parliament to be framed, that would make a change in some department, he will immediately tell you, that it is a departure from precedent and the authority of the court; or at variance with some antedeced statute. That the senator or statesman, knows as well as he does; but they would not enquire what hitherto had been; but what henceforth was right to be.
A great part of his lordship's reasoning consists of dissolutions tending to prove that the present deviation is a change of the navigation system. That I most readily admits. Every deviation from any system, as far as it extends, is a partial change of that system. By these acts, says his lordship, you prevent British ships from being duly navigated. When that phrase is explained, what does it mean? It means the proportion of foreign sailors to British, is greater than the navigation laws permitted. Of course, the object of the change is, to allow a greater number of both foreign ships and sailors to be employed as carriers, for our convenience, than the navigation laws permitted; but the very fact which he alleges, and which is unquestionably true, though not to the extent which he asserts, that more foreign sailors than usual were allowed to navigate British ships, was the cause that so many more British sailors than usual could be spared for our navy—and thereby that we have risen to such an immense superiority of naval power. Our ships were not duly navigated, if one navigation consist in exact conformity to the rules of the seventeenth century. But if due navigation consists in so navigating British ships, as most effectually to promote British commerce and naval power, they have been duly navigated; and the proof is, that commerce and naval power have risen to so very high a pitch.
His lordship enters into a long detail of the increase of American commerce and shipping; and this increase, he predicts, will be prejudicial to Britain. Predictions are indeed the only arguments which he uses, except assertions. One of these is, that every step which deviated from the established navigation laws, has proved an injury to the trade, which in wider times has been so cautiously encouraged as one of the most fertile sources of political consequence and national wealth. Against this broad assertion, I shall simply refer to actual facts and documents, which completely
prove that the deviation, so far from having injured the trade of Britain, has raised that trade to more than double its former amount in the most favorable periods. From the statement of his lordship, it is endeavored to be proved, that the American tonnage has increased more in proportion than the British tonnage; but that is not the question. The question simply is, whether the trade of Britain is increased or diminished by the laws which departed from the navigation system.
His lordship alleges, that even if the act of 1795, for securing the prosperity of Dutch emigrants, was proper, being a deviation from the navigation laws, it ought not to have been continued after that object had ceased to exist. But the pecuniary of Dutch property was only one intention of that liberal change of policy; and though that individual purpose might be no longer in view, the general purpose might be no longer in view, and should not be pursued. Since the new laws had been found so productive both to commerce and naval power, in the three last years of the war, there was sufficient reason for continuing them during the peace; especially a peace which was evidently but a deceitful truce. Therefore I can see no reason for his lordship's very strong objections to the renewal of the act. Although its first occasion might have been the property of the Dutch emigrants, its general principle and reason was the tendency to advance those great objects of the navigation system—our trade and navy.
In addition to these grand and public objects is to be considered, a private interest, founded on a public principle. Whoever engages in an article of commerce, on the faith of established laws and practice, has a right to expect that the laws and practice will not be so easily changed, as to compel him to withdraw his capital, with disadvantage, from that commerce. Since, year after year, acts had been passed allowing ships from foreign countries to import goods to Britain from places to which they did not belong, would it have been equitable suddenly to have stopped this permission, and to have sent back these ships with their cargoes? It must be acknowledged that the acts in question fixed periods when they were respectively to terminate. Nevertheless, they had been renewed from time to time; and the ground of their renewal was understood to be a conviction of their expediency; and therefore it was fairly and reasonably presumed they would be continued. Both British and foreign merchants acted on this presumption and made their commercial arrangements accordingly, for bringing or sending foreign commodities to Britain without a strict adherence to the navigation laws. They might reasonably have presumed, that Britain would continue, not only to allow, but to encourage such a beneficial traffic, even if the peace had been likely to be permanent; and sailors not to be wanted for the defence of the country. But the probability was, that the peace would not continue; therefore, it was still more to be expected, that the acts for encouraging British commerce by foreign carriers would be renewed.
(To be continued.)
SPECULATIONS ON THE PERCEIVING POWER OF VEGETABLES.
BY THOMAS PERCEVAL, M. D. F. R. S.
From the Memoirs of the Literary and Philosophical Society at Manchester.
These are not idle, philosophical dreams; Full nature teems with life— Thompson's Spring. Sec. II. line 136.*
IN all our enquiries into truth, whether natural or moral, it is necessary to take into previous consideration, the kind of evidence which the subject admits of; and the degree of it, which is sufficient to afford satisfaction to the mind. Demonstrative evidence is absolute, and without gradation; but probable evidence ascends, by regular steps, from the lowest presumption to the highest moral certainty. A single presumption is, indeed, of little weight, but a series of such imperfect proofs may produce the fullest conviction. The strength
* These lines are omitted in the subsequent editions of Thompson's Seasons.
of belief, however, may often be greater, than is proportionate to the force and number of these proofs, either individually or collectively considered. For, as uncertainty is always painful to the understanding, very slight evidence, if the subject be capable of no other, sometimes amounts to credibility. This every philosopher experiences in his researches into nature; and the observation may serve as an analogy for the following jeu d'esprit , in which I shall attempt to show, by the several analogies of organisation, life, instinct, spontaneity, and self-motion, that plants, like animals, are endowed with the powers both of perception and enjoyment.
I. Vegetables bear so near a similitude to animals in their structure, that botanists have derived from anatomy and physiology, almost all the terms employed in the description of them. A tree or shrub, they inform us, consists of a cuticle, cortex, and cellular membrane; of vessels variously disposed, and adapted to the transmission of different fluids; and of a lignous, or bony substance, covering and defending a pith or marrow. Such organization evidently belongs not to inanimate matter; and when we observe, in vegetables, that it is connected with, or instrumental to the powers of growth, of self-preservation, of motion, and of seminal increase, we cannot hesitate to ascribe to them a living principle. And by admitting this attribute, we advance a step higher in the scale of being. For, the idea of life naturally implies some degree of perceptivity: And wherever perception resides, a greater or less capacity for enjoyment seems to be its necessary adjunct. Indefinite and low, therefore, as this capacity may be, in each single herb or tree, yet, when we consider the amazing extent of the vegetable kingdom "from the cedar of Lebanon to the hyssop upon the wall," the aggregate of happiness, produced by it, will be found to exceed our most enlarged conceptions. It is prejudice only, which restrains or suppresses the delightful emotions, resulting from the belief of such a diffusion of good. And because the framers of systems have invented arrangements and divisions of the works of God, to aid the mind in the pursuits of science, we implicitly admit as reality, what is merely artificial; and adopt distinctions without proof of any essential difference. Lapides crescunt; vegetabilia crescunt et vivunt; animalia crescunt, vivunt et sentiunt. This climax, of Linnæus, is conformable to the doctrines of Aristotle, Pliny, Jungius, and others; but none of these great men have adduced sufficient evidence to support the negative characteristics, if I may so express myself, on which the three kingdoms of nature are here established. That a gradation subsists, in the scale of beings, is clearly manifest; but the higher advances we make in physical knowledge, the nearer will the degrees be seen to approach each other. And it is no very extravagant conjecture to suppose, that, in some future period, perceptivity may be discovered to extend, even beyond the limits now assigned to vegetable life. Corallines, madreporas, milleporas, and sponges, were formerly considered as fossil bodies; but the experiments of Count Marigli evinced, that they are endowed with life, and led him to class them with the marine plants. And the observations of Ellis, Jussieu, and Peysonel, have since raised them to the rank of animals.* The detection of error, in long established opinions concerning one branch of natural knowledge, justifies the suspicion of its existence in others, which are nearly allied to it; and it will appear, from the protection of our enquiry into the instinctive, spontaneous, and self-moving power of vegetables, that the suspicion is not without foundation.
II. Instinct is propensity, or movement to a task, without deliberation, what is agreeable to the particular nature, actuated by it; and to avoid what is incongruous or hurtful. It is a practical power, which requires no previous knowledge or experience; and which pursues a present or future good, without any definite ideas or foresight; and often, with very faint degrees of consciousness. The cat, when it first comes into the world, applies to the teats of the cow, utterly ignorant of the taste, or nutritious quality of the milk, and consequently, with no view, either to sensual gratification or support; and the duckling, which has been hatched under a hen, at a distance from water, discovers a constant restlessness and impatience; and is observed to practise all the motions of
* Consult Philos. Transact. Amer. Acad. and Bishop Watson on the subjects of Chemistry.
swimming, though a stranger to its future delineation, and to the element, for which its oily feathers, and web-like feet, are formed. Instincts analogous to these, operate with equal energy on the vegetable tribe. A seed contains a germ, or plant in miniature, and a radicle, or little root, intended by nature to occupy it with nourishment. If the seed be sown in an inverted position, still each part pursues its proper direction. The plumula turns upwards, and the radicle strikes downward into the ground. A hop plant, turning round a pole, follows the course of the sun, from east to west, and soon dies, when forced into an opposite line of motion; but remove the obstacle, and the plant will quickly return to its ordinary position. The branches of a honey suckle shoot out longitudinally, till they become unable to bear their own weight; and then strengthen themselves, by changing their form into a spiral; when they meet with other living branches, of the same kind, they coalesce; for mutual support, and one spiral turns to the right, and the other to the left; thus seeking, by an instinctive impulse, some body on which to climb, and increasing the probability of finding one, by the diversity of their course; for if the auxiliary branch be dead, the other uniformly winds itself round, from the right to the left.†
These examples, of the instinctive economy of vegetables, have been purposely taken from subjects, familiar to our daily observation. But the plants of warmer climates, were we sufficiently acquainted with them, would probably furnish better illustrations of this acknowledged power of animality; and I shall briefly recite the history of a very curious exotic, which has been delivered to us from good authority; and confirmed by the observations of several European botanists.
The Dionæa Muscipula is a native of North Carolina. Its leaves are numerous, inclining to bend downwards, and placed in a circular order; they are jointed, and succulent; the upper joint consists of two lobes, each of which is semiovate in its form, with a margin furnished with stiff hairs, which embraces each other, when they close from any irritation. The surfaces of these lobes are covered with small red glands, which probably secrete some sweet liquor, tempting to the taste; but fatal to the lives of insects; for, the moment the poor animal alights upon these parts, the two lobes rise up, grasp it forcibly, lock the rows of spines together, and squeeze it to death; and, left the struggle, for its should disengage the insect, thus entangled, three small spines are fixed amongst the glands, near the middle of each lobe, which effectually put an end to all its efforts: nor do the lobes open again, while the dead animal continues there. The dissolution of its substance, therefore, is supposed, by naturalists, to constitute part of the new element of the plant. But as the discerning power of instinct is always limited, and proceeds with a blind uniformity when put into exertion, the plant closes its leaves as forcibly, if stimulated by a straw or a pin, as by the body of an insect; nor does it expand them again, till the extraneous substance is withdrawn.‡
III. If the facts and observations, which have been adduced, furnish a presumptive proof of the instinctive power of vegetables, it will necessarily follow, that they must be endowed with some degree of spontaneity. For the impulse to discriminate and to prefer, is an actual exertion of that principle, however obscure the consciousness or the feeling may be; with which it is accompanied; and such volition presupposes an innate perception, both of what is congruous, and of what is injurious to the constitution of the individual, or species directed by it. But it is the design of this little essay, rather to investigate nature, than to appeal to metaphysical considerations. I shall proceed, therefore, to point out a few of those phenomena, in the vegetable kingdom, which indicate spontaneity.
Several years ago, whilst engaged in a course of experiments to ascertain the influence of fixed air on vegetables, the following fact repeatedly occurred to me. A sprig of mint, suspended by the root, with the head downwards, in the middle of a glass vessel of D. N. O.'s machine, continued to thrive vigorously, without any other nourishment, than what was supplied by the stream of mephitic gas, to which it was exposed. In twenty-four hours the stem formed into a curve; the head became erect, and gradually ascended towards the mouth of the vessel.†
† Lord Kaims's Gentleman Farmer .

thus producing, by successive efforts, a new and unusual configuration of its parts. Such exertions in the spring of mint, to rectify its inverted position, and to remove from a foreign, to its natural element, seems to evince volition to avoid what was evil, and to recover what had been experienced to be good. If a plant in a garden pot, be placed in a room, which has no light, except from a hole in the wall, it will shoot towards the hole, pass through it into the open air, and then vegetate upwards, in its proper direction. Lord Kames relates, that among the ruins of New Abbey, formerly a monastery in Galloway, there grows on the top of a wall, a plant tree, twenty feet high. Strangled for nourishment, in that barren situation, several years ago directed roots down the side of the wall, till they reached the ground, ten feet below; and now, the nourishment it afforded to these roots, during the time of descending, is amply repaid; having every year, since that time, added vigour to its shoots. From the top of the wall, to the surface of the earth, the roots have not thrown out a single fibre, but are now united into a pretty thick hard root."
The regular movements, by which the sun-flower presents its splendid disk to the sun, have been known to naturalists, and celebrated by poets, both of ancient and modern times. Ovid founds upon it a beautiful story; and Thompson describes it as an attachment of love to the celestial luminary.
"But one, the lofty follower of the sun, "Sad when he sets; sits up her yellow leaves, "Rising all night; and when he warm returns, "Points her enamour'd bosom to his ray."
Summer, lines 226.
IV. Nature has wisely proportioned the powers of motion, to the diversified necessities of the beings endowed with them. Corallines and Seapens are fixed to a spot, because all their wants may be there supplied. The oyster, during the flux of the tide, opens to admit the water, lying with the hollow shell downwards; but when the ebb commences, it turns on the other side; thus providing by an inconsiderable movement, for the perception of its proper nutriment; and afterwards discharging what is superfluous. Mr. Miller, in his late account of the island of Sumatra, mentions a species of coral, which the inhabitants have mistaken for a plant, and have denominated it L. lan-Cout , or tea-grass. It is found in shallow bays, where it appears like a straight stalk, but when touched, withdraws itself into the sand. Now, if self-moving faculties, like these, indicate animality, can such a distinction be admitted to vegetables, possessed of them in an equal, or superior degree? The water-lily, be the pond deep or shallow in which it grows, pushes up its flower-stems, till they reach the open air, that the laxina fecundans may perform, without injury, its proper office. About seven in the morning, the stalk erects itself, and the flowers rise above the surface of the water: in this state they continue till four in the afternoon, when the stalk becomes relaxed, and the flowers sink and close. The motions of the sensitive plant have been long noticed with admiration, as exhibiting the most obvious signs of perceptivity. And if we admit such motions, as criteria of a like power, in other beings, to attribute them, in this instance, to mere mechanism, actuated solely by external impulse, is to deviate from the soundest rule of philosophizing, which directs us not to multiply causes, when the effects appear to be the same. Neither will the laws of electricity better solve the phenomena of this animated vegetable: for its leaves are equally affected by the contact of electric, and non-electric bodies; there is no change in their sensibility, whether the atmosphere be dry or moist; and instantly close when the vapour of volatile alkali, or the fumes of burning sulphur are applied to them. The powers of chemical stimuli, to produce contractions in the fibres of this plant, may perhaps lead some philosophers, to refer them to the vis insita , or irritability, which they assign to certain parts of organized matter, totally distinct from, and independent of any sentient energy. But the hypothesis is evidently a fallacy, and refuted itself. For the presence of irritability can only be proved by the experience of irritation, and the idea of irritation involves in it that of feeling.
But there is a species of the order of Decandra, which constantly and uniformly exerts a left-moving power, uninfluenced either by chemical stimuli, or by any external impulse whatever. This curious shrub, which was unknown to Linnaeus, is a native of the East Indies, but has been cultivated in several botanical gardens here. I had an opportunity of examining it, in the collection of the late Dr. Brown. It is trifolious, grows to the height of four feet, and produces, in autumn, yellow flowers. The lateral leaves are smaller than those at the extremity of the stalk; and all day long, they are continually moving.
* Gentleman Farmer. † Spratt's History of the Royal Society. ‡ Philosoph. Transact. vol. LXVIII. 1a. 178.
either upwards, downwards, or in the segment of a circle: the last motion is performed by the twirling of the footstalks; and whilst one leaf is rising, its associate is generally descending: the motion downwards is quicker and more irregular than the motion upwards, which is steady and uniform. These movements are observable, during the space of twenty-four hours, in the leaves of a branch lopped off from the shrub, and kept in water. If, from any obstacle, the motion be retarded, upon the removal of that obstacle, it is resumed with a greater degree of velocity. I cannot better comment on this wonderful degree of vegetable animation, than in the words of Cicero. Inanimū est omne quod pulsū agitatur externo; quod autem est animal, id motū cietur interiore et suo.
I have thus attempted, with the brevity prescribed by the laws of this society, to extend our views of animated nature; to gratify the mind with the contemplation of multiplied accretions to the general aggregate of felicity; and to excite our conceptions of the wisdom, power, and beneficence of God. In an undertaking, never yet accomplished, disappointment can be no disgrace; in one, directed to such noble objects, the motives are a justification, independently of success. Truth, indeed, obliges me to acknowledge, that I review my speculations with much diffidence; and, that I dare not presume to expect they will produce any permanent conviction in others, because I experience an inelasticity of opinion in myself. For to use the language of Tully, Nescio quomodo, dum lego asention; cum posui librum, assensio omnis illa elabitur. But this scepticism is perhaps to be ascribed to the influence of habitual preconceptions rather than to a deficiency of reasonable proof. For besides the various arguments which have been advanced, in favour of vegetable perceptivity, it may be further urged, that the hypothesis recommends itself, by its consonance to those higher analogies of nature, which lead us to conclude, that the greatest possible sum of happiness exists in the universe. The bottom of the ocean is overspread with plants, of the most luxuriant magnitude. Immense regions of the earth are covered with perennial forests. Nor are the Alps, or the Andes, destitute of herbage, though buried in depths of snow. And can it be imagined, that such profusion of life subsists without the least sensation or enjoyment? Let us rather, with humble reverence, suppose, that vegetables participate, in some low degree, of the common allotment of vitality; and that our great Creator hath apportioned good to all living things, in number, weight, and measure.
§ See Encyclopaedia Britannica, Art. Heusarum.
|| It has been estimated, that our globe contains 20,000 species of vegetables; 3000 of worms; 12,000 of insects; 200 of amphibious animals; 2,600 of fishes; 550 of birds; and 200 of quadrupeds. ( Vid. Linn. Amenit. Academ. and Stilling fleet's Miscellaneous Tracts, page 125. ) A calculation like this, it is evident, must be very defective; because founded on past discoveries in a science, which is now in a state of rapid progression. But future accessions, both of plants and animals, with respect to number, may produce no material changes in their relative proportions.
From a late London paper.
POPULATION OF LONDON.
In Tuesday's paper we gave a general Bill of the Christenings and Burials in the Metropolis for the last year. It must be very satisfactory to observe, that if these accounts be correct, so considerable a decrease as 2544 has taken place this year in the burials, and that the christenings have exceeded the burials by 4505. That in a city so large as London there should be no actual decrease of population affords a satisfactory proof that the mode of living, and every circumstance tending to the preservation of health, have been brought to a very high degree of perfection. But, by this statement, there is even a very considerable increase in the population of London arising from its own internal resources—no less an addition in twelve months than 4500 souls. If to this we add the number of new members which London is constantly deriving from all parts of the United Kingdom, as well as from all parts of the world, the annual increase of its population must be much more considerable than it is generally believed.
From the list before mentioned it would appear, that the parishes continue to retain their original accidental organization, and that no measures, at least no adequate measures, have been taken for dividing them upon some fair and equal principle. The christenings, for instance, in the 97 parishes within the walls, amount only to 1119, whereas the christenings in the 17 parishes without
the walls amount to more than three times that number, and those in the 24 out-parishes in Middlesex and Surrey are more than double of these, 10,141. This immense difference, it is obvious, can only arise from the difference of population. It consequently follows, that if the officers, and all incidental expences, are on the same scale in the small as in the large parishes, there must be either too great a burthen upon the former, or too small upon the latter. But the probability is, we think, that the small parishes are excessively burthened; and that many persons are thus permitted to subsist by the public, who ought to live by the fruits of their own labor. It is a subject which certainly seems to require an investigation. The inequality which, from the present organization, has already so much increased, will, while the causes continue to exist, also continue to increase, until the evil must at length become intolerable. The height to which the grievance has already arrived, seems indeed to demand the utmost attention of the government and the public.
Of the 17,000 deaths which had taken place in London during the last twelve months, 1420 were aged persons, and 4881 had died under two years of age, of which 601 were abortive, or still born, being more than a third of the whole number. It is certainly a great satisfaction on the one hand that so considerable a proportion of the members of which our community has been deprived, should have consisted of persons who had not yet attained, or had already survived, their utility. But, on the other hand, we are a good deal surprised to find the number of deaths by measles stated at 619, and of those by inflammations at 603, certainly a very extraordinary proportion, considering that the subjects who are apt to be thus cut off, are generally among those who are approaching, or have already attained, that period at which they are useful to society, and even of these the most robust are those who suffer. It cannot be but very desirable that the causes of this extraordinary mortality among that description of persons should be investigated and ascertained; and we cannot help apprehending that it may arise from a general cause, which, we understand, must always operate more perceptibly in acute than in chronic diseases, namely, the treatment of them according to false theories, whether ancient or modern. No subject, as we learn from medical men, has given rise to more medical controversies than the doctrines of inflammation; and it would appear from the facts before us, that they are not yet, by any means, generally well understood, or at least that their application to practice has not, during the last year, been attended with the most desirable success. This would not be the proper place if we had even the power, to enter into any discussion of medical doctrines—our object is merely to point out a general inference, which must be obvious to every attentive reader; but we should be very happy to see the enquiry instituted by some able hand, as all such investigations, besides their great general utility, must tend to the amelioration of health, and the increase of population, in this great Metropolis, the first city in the universe.
FOREIGN NEWS.
LONDON, February 4.
The additional papers presented to parliament, are so voluminous, that we are sorry that we can only confine ourselves to a general description of most of the letters. We have, however, given at full length the letter which the Spanish ambassador, the Chevalier D'Anduaga, wrote to Lord Harrowby, previous to his departure from London. The arguments contained in that letter are nothing more than what his excellency might, without much trouble, have collected from the Morning Chronicle.
The main point, however, on which all his argument turns, is the supposition that there did exist some convention or agreement, by which Great Britain bound herself to overlook the granting pecuniary succours to France. The papers now moved completely overturn that supposition. The next paper which follows the letter of the Spanish ambassador, is a letter from Mr. Hammond, the under secretary, to Mr. Frere, desiring to know whether any such agreement, either expressed or understood, was entered into between him and the Spanish government. Mr. Frere most positively denies that there was any such; and lays, the expression in the ambassador's letter is to him wholly unintelligible. It is most evident, that there does not exist any written agreement to bind this country, or Spain would be able to produce it; and that there was no verbal agreement, or any thing like an agreement, we have now solemnly declared by Mr. Frere, the only person who had the power to make such agreement. Mr. Frere never did give the court of Spain a hope of any thing more than a temporary forbearance from this country, as long as the subsidiary treaty was in force.
It appears to be now universally conceded, that the assistance given to France by Spain, was of itself a sufficient ground of war; and the only question that remained was, whether there was any such acquiescence on the part of Great Britain, as deprived her of her rights; or whether there were any considerations of policy to prevent the exercise of them?
Having disposed of the question of Convention, we have only to consider it on the ground of policy, and in that respect it will be sufficient to state what we know of the subsidiary treaty, always bearing in mind, that as Spain would never venture to communicate to us the whole extent of it, she is bound to assist France still further than has come to our knowledge.
The Prince of Peace first informed M. Fere, that the subsidy fixed upon as an equivalent for the contingent was six millions of livres per month, being about three millions and a half sterling, annually to be paid by Spain. This is at least one half of the revenues of Spain, which was to be given by way of equivalent for its military contingent. In another part of the papers we see that 800,000 dollars monthly had been hitherto regularly paid, and that Spain must in a few years be drained entirely of specie by such an enormous tribute. This was not all: France was railing loans upon the security of these subsidies, and Portugal also was made to contribute a million a year annually, to be employed against this country.
It is then evidently absurd for the opposition writers to talk of a small pecuniary assistance to France, when there are authentic documents that prove that Spain was called upon in the first instance for half its entire revenues; and if any ministers of this country would permit the principle to be established, that Spain might, both now and for ever, assist France with half her revenues, and that this country must patiently acquiesce in it, such ministers would deserve to be stigmatized in the annals of our history, as the base and pusillanimous betrayers of their country's rights.
When it is considered, that the four millions annually levied from Spain and Portugal, will from the scarcity of money in France, go at least twice as far in the expence of armaments as the same sum would in this country, what name can we give to that degree of imbecility and dotation, that could suppose it good policy to allow such an enormous tribute to be annually paid to France, when we are able to prevent it?
The capture of the treasure ships, and the war expences, that Spain must now incur, will show her that we can prevent it. Bonaparte has discovered that we can prevent it, and it will be recollected, that (whatever rage he expressed at hearing of the capture of the treasure ships, and blowing up of the Mercedes frigate) it was not until he heard of the annuls of our government, and the capture of those treasure ships, that he made his overtures of peace.
The very first fruits of a decisive policy was an overture for peace, which, whether it is possible now to place on a proper footing or not, we cannot pretend to say, till the Emperor of Russia gives his opinion of the proposals. We only introduce this subject incidentally, to prove that the rupture of Spain has hitherto produced no disadvantage to the cause of this country, and that every thing which has since occurred seems to prove that the policy of the present administration in this respect, was the only wise, true, and dignified policy for this country.
NEW Store.
BY WHOLESALE AND RETAIL. The subscriber informs the public that he has commenced business in the house formerly occupied by
MR. QUINN, F. Street; And has on hand, a general assortment dry goods, Groceries, wines and spirituous liquors.
Porter, Hardware and Cutlery, Queenware, China and Glass, Flour, Corn, and Corn-meal, Oats, and Chopped rye, Candles and Soap by the box, Country whisky by the barrel, and a few casks of genuine old Irish whisky All of which he will sell low for cash or country produce. THE HIGHEST prices, given for country produce, CASH. FRANCIS CLARK. Aug. 29—wtf.
NOTICE.
WAS committed to the jail of Frederick county as a runaway, a negro man who calls himself
GILBERT DAY, and says he belongs to John Hodd, of Baltimore county, Maryland. He is about 18 or 20 years old, 5 feet 7 inches high; his clothing is a striped Nantucket coat, black cassimere waistcoat, osnaburg shirt, and an old pair of dark cloth pantaloons. He is very black, and has a pleasant countenance. If his master does not release him he will be sold for his jail fees agreeably to law.
GEORGE CREAGER, Sheriff of Frederick County. April 15—w8t.
WASHINGTON CITY.
WEDNESDAY, MAY 8.
THIS DAY IS PUBLISHED, BY SAMUEL H. SMITH.
—PRICE TWO DOLLARS—
THE TRIAL OF SAMUEL CHASE,
An associate justice of the supreme court of the United States, impeached by the House of Representatives, for high crimes and misdemeanors, before the Senate of the United States, taken in short hand by
SAMUEL H. SMITH, AND THOMAS LLOYD.
VOLUME I.
This volume contains,—
1. Measures preliminary to the trial, including the proceedings of the House of Representatives and Senate antecedent to the trial. 2. The answer of Mr. Chase and the replication of the Managers. 3. The speech of Mr. Randolph on opening the impeachment. 4. The evidence on the part of the prosecution. 5. The speech of Mr. Harper on opening the defence. 6. The evidence on the part of Mr. Chase. 7. The speech of Mr. Early. 8. The speech of Mr. Campbell.
The advertisement prefixed to this edition will enable the public to form some opinion of its accuracy.
The following report of the trial of Samuel Chase has been drawn up with the greatest care. To guard against misconception or omission, two individuals, one of whom is a professional stenographer, were constantly engaged during the whole course of the trial; and the arguments of the managers and counsel have in most instances, and wherever it was attainable, been revised by them. It is with some satisfaction that the editor of this impression is enabled, under these circumstances, to submit to the public a tract whose fidelity and comprehensiveness, he hopes, will amply reward the interest so deeply excited by the progress and issue of this important trial.
"The second volume is in the press, and will be published in a short time."
The second volume will probably contain between three and four hundred pages.
The first volume will be sold only to those who subscribe for the whole work.
COPY-RIGHT.
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA, to wit:
BE IT REMEMBERED, that [SEAL.] on this twenty third day of
April, in the year of our Lord eighteen hundred and five. Samuel H. Smith of the said district, hath deposited in the clerk's office of the district court of the United States for the district of Columbia, the title of a book the right whereof he claims as author, in the words following, to wit: "The trial of Samuel Chase, an associate justice of the supreme court of the United States, impeached by the House of Representatives for high crimes and misdemeanors, before the Senate of the United States, taken in short hand by Samuel H. Smith and Thomas Lloyd," in conformity to the act of Congress of the United States entitled an act for the encouragement of learning by securing the copies of maps, charts and books to the authors and proprietors of such copies during the time therein mentioned.
G. DENEALE, Clk. Dist. Col.
VERMONT.
For a considerable time past this state has been represented in Congress by two republicans and two federalists. After a very animated contest in one of the districts heretofore federal it appears, according to the following statement, that the republican candidate has succeeded by a majority of 479.
For James Fisk, 2,292 Wm. Chamberlin, 1,763 Scattering, 50 1,818
Majority, 479 The towns of Vershire, Brunswick, Granby and Troy, gave 86 votes, which were declared illegal. Of these, Mr. Fisk had 60, and Mr. Chamberlin 26.
By the following extracts from a debate in the English House of Commons on imposing an additional duty on salt, it appears that about one million and a half sterling, or seven millions of dollars, are annually raised on this important necessary of life, which sum amounts to about two thirds of the whole revenues of the United States. Stretched must that system of finance be, that requires

the aid of additional duties on an article, on whose consumption the poor are so highly dependent. "Supplies," says the "Chancellor of the Exchequer," must be found, and no mode of raising them is so little liable to objection as the present." It is then come to this in England, that the national exigencies require the imposition, in addition to all the other burdens, of new taxes the most oppressive in their operation that can be devised. How far such measures will tend to render the present war popular, future events will decide. The ability to lay and collect such taxes is certainly a strong evidence as well of the energy of the government, as of its little sympathy with the public feeling.
March 4, 1805.
The Chancellor of the Exchequer (Mr. Pitt) having moved that the additional salt duty bill be now read a second time.
Lord W. Russell expressed his opinion that this tax would materially affect the laboring classes of the community, the protection of whom he was sorry to say the right hon. gentleman seemed to have abandoned. He had been in hopes that the report of the committee on this subject would have sufficiently shown the inconvenience and oppression of the tax. He now hoped that those who urged the institution of that committee, and who had approved of their resolutions, would come forward. The immediate effect of this bill would be to raise the price of bread; the price of all kinds of butchers' meat would necessarily be increased; and salt fish, which is the chief diet of many of the poor, would likewise become more expensive. His lordship concluded by moving as an amendment, that for the word "now" be substituted the words "this day six months."
The Chancellor of the Exchequer observed, that the committee, in the report which they gave in some years ago, and which had been alluded to by the noble lord, proceeded on the ground of rendering salt applicable to many general purposes, among which was even that of manure. It was certainly their object to give facility to the circulation of that article, but the chief hindrance to a free circulation was the regulation which the duty necessarily demanded, and these regulations would equally affect the circulation, whether the duty amounted to 5, or 10, or 15 shillings a bushel, so that the noble lord ought not to be satisfied with advising a rejection of a revenue of 500,000l. which the proposed additional duty would produce, but should proceed to advise the taking off the duty now existing, which produced double that sum. The report had slept for three years, and the consideration of it was now urged, at a time, than which none could be more unfit. The noble lord had asserted, that this tax pressed heavily on the poor. It was a most unpleasant thing for him to be under the necessity of imposing taxes which in any degree affected the lower classes, but he had a sacred duty to perform. We are engaged in a contest for the defence both of rich and poor; supplies must be found, and no mode of raising them seemed to him so little liable to objection as the present.
Mr. Fox declared, that so far from thinking this an unobjectionable tax, he never knew one more objectionable in every point of view. He perfectly assented to the report of the committee in 1801. If, instead of the situation in which we now are, we were at peace, he should certainly move for the total abolition of the salt duty. "But," says the right honorable gentleman, by a singular mode of argument, similar to one that was used the other evening on the slave trade, "if you do not repeal the old tax, it is of no use to reject the new one." What, is the magnitude of the tax then of no consequence? We may hesitate to relinquish a large revenue, although but imperfectly satisfied with the means by which it is obtained, but to say that we should therefore increase it by an extension of those means, was worse than absurd. An evil might exist which in certain circumstances we might not be able to remove, but we should at least not render it more difficult to abolish it, and it was well known that the increase of produce must be accompanied by an increase of difficulty. It had been laid that the fisheries would not suffer by this additional duty, as the salt used in them was exempt from it, but it was objectionable to have a very large tax on which very large drawbacks must be made. The calculations which the right honorable gentleman had entered into were materially erroneous. It was a principle in taxation to abstain from laying any impost on those articles that principally formed the food of man, such as wheat, bread, and butchers' meat; and yet the right honorable gentleman proposed to lay on the salt a most oppressive, though an indirect tax. He supposed that it will fall lightly on the poor, when they were able to procure any animal food, was generally salted meat, it was evident that this was a tax on the peculiar food of the poor, and not on that of the rich. The amount would, indeed, to a poor man, be enormous. He had made enquiry, and he found that for salting a hog of twenty score, a bushel and a half of salt was
required, and when the animal was smaller, the salt used was more than the due proportion. The retailers, on the presumption of this bill being passed, had already advanced salt six shillings a bushel, so that for a hog of twenty score, the poor cottager would have to pay nine shillings for salt, and for one little more than a hundred weight, four shillings and six pence, making an increase in the price of meat of one half-penny in the pound. It was true, that were this bill rejected, it would require a tax producing a very considerable sum to replace it, but he could not conceive any possible one more oppressive and more objectionable than the present, and he should therefore give his most hearty concurrence to the amendment proposed by his noble friend.
Sir William Pulteney, in a concise speech, strongly reprobated the tax.
Mr. Johnstone vindicated the statements of Sir William Pulteney. He argued that the smallness of the revenue produced by the tax in Scotland, was only a proof of the great quantities smuggled in that country; which the present addition to the tax would again tend to increase.
The house divided—Against the motion of Lord W. Russell 93—For it 60.—Majority for the second reading 33.
De Witt Clinton and Ezra L. Hommedieu have been elected Senators for the southern district of New York without opposition.
On Monday 22nd. inst. the election for Berkeley county, Virginia, commenced in Martinsburg, and was closed the same evening, when the polls stood as follows, viz.
Col. Morrow, 267 Major Stephenson* 276
Difference 9, which taken from 108 the majority for Col. Morrow in the two other counties of the district, leaves a democratic republican majority of 99 in the whole district.
* Federal representative to Congress last session.
Chevalier De Foronda, consul general from his Catholic majesty to the United States, informs the public, that the minister plenipotentiary, Marquis De Casa Yrujo, has received official advice that orders have been given by the British government to their vessels of war and privateers, not to molest any neutral vessel or vessels bound to Spain with grain or flour.
CONNECTICUT BANK.
We learn that the merchants of Hartford have it in contemplation to make application to the legislature of the state, at their present session, for an act of incorporation for a new bank, to be called the Connecticut Bank, and to be kept in the city of Hartford. The shares 100 dolls. each, 25 per cent. payable in 60 days after obtaining the charter; 25 per cent. in eight months; 25 per cent. in 16 months; and the remaining 25 per cent. in 24 months. The capital to consist of 800,000 dolls.
Com. Advertiser.
New-York, May 2.
The ship Enterprise, capt. Robert Thompson, bound from this port to Bordeaux, having experienced a severe thunder storm in the month of February, by which her mainmast was considerably injured, made the best of her way to Cadiz, where she arrived on the 3d or 4th of March and was ordered to perform a quarantine of 20 days. A letter dated the 10th of March, written by a passenger on board to his friend in this city, received via New-Bedford, contains this passage: "The coronation of the emperor Napoleon has been succeeded by that of his brother Joseph in Holland."
A letter from a respectable commercial house in Cadiz to another in this city, via New-Bedford, dated March 12th, has the following postscript: "The celebrated gen. Moreau, with his lady and family, now in this place, will proceed to the United States by the first good opportunity. As he may probably visit your city, we shall take the liberty of giving him a letter to you. Being unacquainted in America, he has requested to be the bearer of a few letters to our friends; and we could not refuse such a favor to a person of his exalted merit."
PHILADELPHIA, May 3.
Extract of a letter from Lazaretto, dated May 2.
Arrived this morning, sch. Gen. Green, capt. Jones, 10 days from Cape Francois.—Part of Dessalines army had returned from the city of St. Domingo; they made an attack on it but were repulsed.
PHILADELPHIA, May 4.
Extract of a letter from Cape Francois, dated April 18.
"The Haytian army have returned without success from the siege of St. Domingo; Gen. Christophe is at present in town. They have brought with them a great quantity of plunder taken from the Spaniards."
Extract of another letter from Cape Francois, dated April 19.
"The emperor has come into this city. His army is repulsed, owing to the arrival of the French fleet at the city of St. Domingo. The Americans, their main standard, will in consequence be more respected. They will now go to pealing coffee, and it is scarcely probable that the French can march from St. Domingo, with 5,000 troops with success."
The brig Massalot, capt. Freeman, arrived at Cherbourg, [France] from Bolton, in February, and was immediately put in quarantine for 40 days. A letter from a gentleman on board says, that a new order from the emperor had been issued, ordering that all the papers of vessels arriving in the ports of France, should be sent to Paris to be examined before they could enter.
By a gentleman, passenger in the brig Lovely Lass, from Nantz, we are informed of an act of the French government which renders this account by no means improbable. Bonaparte, it appears, in the midst of his higher concerns, has not been unmindful of the unfortunate exiles from St. Domingo. A decree has been issued by him, declaring that every subject, formerly residing in that colony, who may have been exiled from his home and property by the brigands, shall be allowed from the national treasury 300 livres per year, every married man 500, and for each child 100. That this provision should have been made without an eye to the ultimate recovery of the property sacrificed by the brigands is incredible; and surely Bonaparte will not apply for remuneration to the blacks.
The gentleman has a copy of the decree, but has not been able immediately to lay his hand upon it.
The report of a decree annulling the marriage of Jerome Bonaparte, has also been deemed a fiction in this country. We, however, find in the Monitor of the 1st March, the official document to this effect. It differs from that we have already published only in the concluding words, which are, "without the consent of his mother, and without the banns thereof being previously published in the place of his abode."
RELF.
BALTIMORE May 4, 1805.
Extract of a letter received by the Editors of the American dated
Lisbon, March 2, 1805.
A boat, commanded by a lieutenant, belonging to the Emerald British frigate, boarded several British vessels and prizes, under quarantine, on the evening of the twenty sixth ultimo, and impressed forty one men out of them. The next day this government ordered the frigate into quarantine. In dropping down it appearing that she was going below the place it was intended she should anchor, the cable fired for shot at her and brought her too in much confusion. Her boat then came on shore, and word was sent by it, that she must not proceed to sea till further orders. In the evening they attempted to drop her down opposite to the castle; at the same time sending a boat on shore to ask permission under pretence of danger from a brig near her, but it was refused; and upon observing at the castle that she was moving, a shot was fired which struck her about the stern. The anchor was immediately let go and she still lies there although she is one of the ships of war that is to convoy the trade to England and who all dropped down the 27th, and were to sail on the 28th, but are now waiting for her. Much discussion has taken place, and it is understood that this government had some intention of demanding, that the lieutenant should be given up for punishment here; but the captain of the frigate disavowing any orders for the purpose, and returning the impressed men, it was finally compromised by putting the lieutenant under arrest on board, and the British minister assuring this government that entire satisfaction should be given it in England. The frigate is to sail to-morrow with the convoy. About the same time three of the Algerine captives ran away from the arsenal and got on board a British frigate. Upon an application of this government the commander refused to give them up. But the British minister being informed, that unless the demand was complied with, no deserter from a British vessel of war should be returned or taken when on shore—the Algerines were forthwith restored.
From a Trinidad paper of the 6th of April, received by the brig Rajah.
A PROCLAMATION.
By his Excellency Bigadier-General Thomas Hislop, Lieut. Governor of the said island, and its dependencies.
To regulate the trade between this colony and the U. States of America, for four months from the date hereof, I do hereby think it expedient, and with the advice of his majesty's council, to publish, proclaim, and declare, that the following articles are admissible only from the United States
of America, in American bottoms, coming directly to this colony, to wit:—
Boards, plank, ranging timber, scantling, clapboards, hoops, staves, shingles, shooks and heading, spars and masts, flour, rice, bread, peas, beans, corn, cane and rye meal, cats, beef, pork, salted and pickled fish, bacon, hams, cattle, horses, mules, live stock and tobacco.
And that the following articles are expressly prohibited from being imported into this colony from the United States of America, in American bottoms, to wit:—
East India goods of all descriptions, gin, brandy, rum, and other spirituous liquors, pitch, tar, turpentine, and all other goods, wares and merchandise whatsoever, of the growth, produce and manufacture of America (except the above mentioned articles, hereby admitted to be imported as aforesaid into this colony,) under pain of seizure and confiscation of the ship or other vessel importing the same, and of the goods so imported in contravention of the existing laws of trade, revenue, and navigation of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.
And I do hereby further signify, that the said articles of legal introduction and entry may be sold and disposed of in this colony by the importers thereof (conforming to the orders and regulations heretofore passed, and now in force,) and that they may receive in barter or exchange for such commodities, any articles of the growth, produce or manufacture of this island (indigo, cotton, annatto, cocoas, coffee, cochineal, lignum vitae and dying woods excepted) to the exact amount of such respective cargoes, and no more.
And the several officers of his majesty's customs, & all others of his majesty's subjects are hereby enjoined and required to govern themselves accordingly.
Given under my hand and seal, in the council chamber, Government house, in the town & port of Spain, this fifth day of April, one thousand eight hundred and five, and in the forty-fifth year of his majesty's reign.
THOMAS HISLOP.
Ten Dollars Reward.
WAS missed on Sunday, the 5th of May, a double cased silver watch, maker's name, Crosthwaite, Dublin, and in the outer case, was a watch paper with Mr. Parker's name of Philadelphia.—Whoever will bring the said watch to the office of the National Intelligencer, shall receive the above reward, and no questions will be asked.
May 1 st .—
District of Columbia, Washington county, to wit:
UPON the petition of JEREMIAH CONNER, an insolvent debtor confined in jail in the county of Washington, in the district of Columbia praying relief under the act of Congress, entitled, "An act for the relief of insolvent debtors within the district of Columbia," notice is hereby given to the creditors of said Jeremiah Conner, that on the 29th day of April, at 9 o'clock, a. m. at the court room in the Capitol the oath of an insolvent debtor will be administered to the said Jeremiah Conner, and a trustee appointed agreeably to the said act, unless sufficient cause then and there be shown to the contrary.
It is ordered that this notice be published twice in the National Intelligencer and Washington Federalist before that day.
By order of the hon. Wm. Cranch, esquire, assistant judge of the Circuit court of the district of Columbia.
U. FORREST, Clk.
THE Public have seen of late, my petition for the benefit of the insolvent act. In order to a right understanding of the cause of my being reduced to that very disagreeable dilemma, I would barely state, that, being in the year 1801, special bail, together with a person who has since left America, for a man residing a considerable distance from this city, and who has been about two years in jail; executions were obtained against me at this court; that intending to leave the district, I some time since, applied to the gentleman who had the management of the suits, and offered him my bond, payable in annual instalments, for any sum I could raise from my industry in three or four years; if farther proceeds in the business would be stopped; he said, he had it not in his power to accede to my proposition.
It is well known to some of the most respectable gentlemen in the district, that I had both legal and friendly counsel, from men who would not advise me to any thing dishonest, or dishonorable, to take the benefit of the insolvent act immediately, which I would not consent to—but executions being soon after served upon me, and not having money to pay the debt, I was under the necessity of availing myself of the provisions of a law I never expected or intended to shelter myself under.
Except in the case of the person for whom I was bail, I had but two creditors—one, my particular and old friend, to whom upon a final settlement, there might be due between 30 and 40 dollars—the other, a person who in the opinion of my lawyer and myself, could hardly be considered as such; but as I had some doubts upon the subject, he was returned a creditor.
My assets and the debts due to me, were considerably more than what was due to my creditors; yet it was beyond my power to avoid what has befallen me. If my creditors were more numerous than they are, I would not hesitate to say, that notwithstanding my having got clear by the insolvent law I would as soon as able, discharge every debt due on my own account.
It is with much reluctance I would at any time trouble the public with my affairs; but I owed it to my creditors, to give this plain statement of facts.
JEREMIAH CONNER.
City of Washington, May 2.—31
Valuable Property For Sale.
THE subscriber offers for sale a two story BRICK DWELLING HOUSE, 30 by 40 feet containing 13 rooms with cellar under the whole, and two acres of ground in the town of Bladensburg, Prince George's county Maryland, 4 miles from the city of Washington, with a stable and other necessary out houses, a garden well stocked, containing a variety of vegetables and fruit trees, surrounded by Lombardy Poplars, a clean stream of water running along one side of the property and is about 100 feet from the country wharf; there are three good springs of water contiguous to the premises, one of which is the frow spring.
Also a corner lot adjoining, the above described premises, containing about half an acre, on which is a frame house 24 by 32 feet, an excellent stand for a retail or wholesale, not more than 50 feet from the country wharf. The terms of sale will be made to suit the purchaser and immediate possession will be given.
ALEXANDER M'DONALD. Bladensburg May 8.—31
SPRING GOODS.
JOHN COX, (George's Town,) has received a part of his Spring assortment of Dry Goods, which were selected from the late arrivals at New York—he has also received from Baltimore a quantity of
GERMAN LINENS, consisting of Tichenburgs, Osnaburgs, Hem-ping, vials, Brown Roles, &c. all of which will be sold low by piece or retail.
May 2.—cpam The three following Stations will cover at the Bowling Green the present season:
DAREDEVIL,
Sire of Sheldon, Bruns, Desdemona, Magner, Mr. Harrison's colt (now Mr. Garrison's) and many other good racers; at
SIX GUINEAS EACH MARE,
and one dollar to the groom to be discharged any time before the first of August next, by the payment of 5 guineas, or 20 dollars if sent with the mare. Good pasturage gratis. Servants boarded at 10s. 6d. per week; gentlemen wishing their mares fed will please send money with them to purchase grain, or it cannot be had. Notes for six guineas will be expected with the mares that do not remain with the horse, those left must be paid for before they are removed. Great attention will be paid them, but no responsibility for accidents or escapes.
VOLUNTEER,
AT TEN DOLLARS EACH MARE, and half a dollar to the groom. He is a fine bay horse, of good size, very stout and strong, with a great deal of bone, very fine action, and uncommon speed, and very likely to get good horses either for the turf, carriage or saddle.
Volunteer has been considered among the best running horses, and has won several races, among them a jockey club purse at Frederickburg, and another at Richmond, and is as high bred a horse as any in the state; he was got by Belford, his dam Favorite, a very fine English mare got by O'Kelly's famous Italian Volunteer, (one of the best sons of Belique) her dam by M c Fenwick's celebrated stallion, Matchem, &c. &c.
FORTUNIO,
(THE TEAZER,) At FIVE DOLLARS each mare, he was got by Cormorant his dam a thorough bred mare by old Janus. The season will end the first day of August next.
JOHN HOOMES.
Bowling Green, April 15.—WFO
An extensive Field for Speculation is offered in the Sale of the
POWHATAN ESTATE,
Which lies contiguous to the lower limits of Richmond, contains 3000 acres of land, borders near a mile on James river, and runs 5 miles back.
The principal part is fine grain land, covered with valuable timber, convenient to a new mill erected thereon, which has at 1700 feet per day, and connected with a grist and manufacturing mill, on a constant stream with two pair of stones.
There is a small farm, with a commodious brick mansion, ice house, the usual offices, and two fine ponds.
It has many elegant sites for building, furnished with good water, commanding views of the city, tans and shipping, which lie opposite to them.
There is a beautiful level already laid out into lots, at right angles, on the river.
The peculiar advantages of this property are multiplied by a late act for the establishment of an inspection of Tobacco on it, and the act for uniting the upper and lower navigation by locks, which as the proper point of junction render it valuable for store houses.
Few persons are unacquainted with the political importance of Richmond, as the capital of the most substantial state of the union, nor its commercial advantages from the immense quantities of coal, flour and tobacco which pass through its market, and will it be necessary to add? that these advantages will be shortly increased by the western produce brought through the Kanawha to this navigation and deposit, to be thence shipped directly abroad when the contemplated improvement of the lower navigation shall be complete.
It is submitted to monied men to consider whether a purchase by shares either to sell out or improve parts of this growing estate, would not in a few years afford a certain and handsome remuneration for their attention; being free from those contingencies to which many institutions are liable.
In such an establishment the proprietor would willingly participate. A liberal credit will be allowed the purchasers on payment of interest and further particular's made known by applying to Mr. Robert Atkinson near Peterburg. Mr. Alexander Fulton, Baltimore, Mr. Prof. and Monneret, Richmond, or the publisher on the premises.
W. MAYO.
Powhatan, near Richmond, Virg. May 1.—wfo

PROPOSALS,
For carrying the Mails of the United States, on the following post-roads, will be received at the General post-office, in Washington, until the 10th day of July next, inclusive.
[Continued.]
23. From Hanover by Orford, Haverhill, Bath, Littleton, Dalton, Lancaster, Grafton, Lunenburg and Concord to Littleton, thence by Bath, Haverhill and Orford to Hanover once a week.
Leave Hanover every Friday at 9 a.m. and arrive at Haverhill by 6 p.m. Leave Haverhill at 5 p.m. and arrive at Grafton on Sunday noon and return to Hanover the next Tuesday by 8 p.m.
24. From Newburyport by Haverhill and Salem to Winchendon once a week. Leave Winchendon every Monday at 6 a.m. and arrive at Newburyport by one p.m. Leave Newburyport every Monday at 4 p.m. and arrive at Winchendon on Tuesday by noon.
IN VERMONT.
25. From Littleton N. H. by Littleton Vt. St. Johnsbury, Danville, Warden, Greensboro', Craftsbury, Elen and Johnson to St. Albans, once in two weeks.
Leave Littleton N. H. every other Monday at 6 a.m. and arrive at St. Albans, the next Wednesday by 6 p.m. Leave St. Albans every other Thursday at 6 a.m. and arrive at Littleton N. H. on Saturday by 5 p.m.
26. From Windsor by Woodstock, Royalton, Randolph, Williamstown, Berlin, Montpelier, Middlesex, Waterbury, Bolton, Jericho, and Wiltshire to Burlington once a week.
Leave Windsor every Saturday at 2 p.m. and arrive at Montpelier on Monday by 3 p.m. and at Burlington on Tuesday by 1 p.m. returning. Leave Burlington at 5 p.m. on Tuesday, arrive at Montpelier on Wednesday by 6 p.m. and arrive at Windsor on Friday by noon.
27. From Montpelier by Berlin, Barre, Washington, Corinth, Bradford, Newbury, Ryegate, Barre and Peacham to Danville once a week.
Leave Montpelier every Thursday at noon, arrive at Newbury on Friday by 7 p.m. Leave Newbury every Saturday at 5 a.m. and arrive at Danville by 5 p.m. returning. Leave Danville every Tuesday at 6 a.m. and arrive at Montpelier on Thursday by 11 a.m.
28. From Rutland, by Putney, Brandon, Leicester, Salisbury, Middlebury, New Haven, Vergennes, Ferrisburg, Charlotte, Shelburne, Burlington, Colchester, Milton, Georgia, St. Albans and Swanton to Highgate once a week.
Leave Rutland every Monday at 5 a.m. and arrive at Burlington on Tuesday by 4 p.m. and arrive at Highgate on Wednesday by 7 p.m. returning. Leave Highgate every Thursday at 5 a.m. and arrive at Burlington on Friday by 8 a.m. and arrive at Rutland on Saturday by 7 p.m.
29. From Rutland by Castleton, Fairhaven, Benson, Orwell, Shoreham, Addison, Vergennes, Willsboro', Essex, c. h. Peru and Plattsburg to Champlain once a week.
Leave Rutland every Monday at 5 a.m. and arrive at Fairhaven by 10 a.m. Leave Fairhaven at 11 a.m. and arrive at Champlain on Thursday by 10 a.m. returning. Leave Champlain every Thursday at 2 p.m. and arrive at Rutland the next Sunday by 6 p.m.
30. From Middlebury by New Haven, Menomon, Hynerburg, Williston, Jericho, Essex, Wilford, Fairfax, Fairfield and Sheldon to Huntburg and thence by Berneburg, Ennaburg, Bakerfield, Cambridge, Underkill, Jericho, Richmond, Huntington, Starksburg & Bristol to Middlebury once a week.
Leave Middlebury every Tuesday at 6 a.m. and arrive at Jericho by 4 p.m. and at Huntburg on Friday by 2 p.m. returning. Leave Huntburg every Tuesday at 3 p.m. and arrive at Middlebury on Monday by 7 p.m.
31. From Rutland by Clarendon, Shrewsbury, Saltash and Reading to Windsor once a week. Leave Rutland every Monday at 6 a.m. and arrive at Windsor by 10 a.m. returning. Leave Windsor every Tuesday at 2 p.m. and arrive at Rutland on Wednesday by 7 p.m.
32. From Rutland by Clarendon, Danby, Danville, Manchester, Arlington, Granby, Bennington and Pitsburg to Bennington twice a week.
Leave Rutland every Monday and Thursday at 6 a.m. and arrive at Bennington on Tuesday and Friday by 8 p.m. Leave Bennington Wednesday and Saturday at 5 a.m. and arrive at Rutland by 1 p.m. returning. Leave Rutland every Monday and Thursday at 11 a.m. and arrive at Bennington by 7 p.m. Leave Bennington on Tuesday and Friday at 5 a.m. and arrive at Rutland on Wednesday and Saturday by 6 p.m.
33. From Rutland by Cavendish, Chester, Rockingham, Bellows Falls and Westminster to Walpole once a week. Leave Rutland every Wednesday at 2 p.m. and arrive at Walpole by 6 p.m. on Thursday. Leave Walpole every
Saturday at 6 a.m. and arrive at Rutland on Sunday by 10 a.m.
34. From Bennington, by Marlboro' Wilmington and Woodford, to Brattleboro' once a week. Leave Bennington every Thursday at 9 p.m. and arrive at Brattleboro' on Friday by 11 a.m. Leave Brattleboro' every Friday at 2 p.m. and arrive at Bennington on Saturday by 4 p.m.
IN MASSACHUSETTS
35. From Salem, by Danvers, Topsfield, Boxford, Haverhill and Chester, to Pembroke N. H. once a week. Leave Salem every Monday at 1 p.m. and arrive at Pembroke on Tuesday by 6 p.m. Leave Pembroke every Saturday at 7 p.m. and arrive at Salem on Monday by 10 a.m.
36. From Boston, by Salem and Manchester, to Gloucester three times a week. Leave Gloucester every Monday, Wednesday and Friday at 6 a.m. and arrive at Boston by 6 p.m. Leave Boston every Tuesday, Thursday & Saturday at 6 a.m. and arrive at Gloucester by 6 p.m.
37. From Salem to Marblehead six times a week. Leave Salem every day (Sunday excepted) at noon and arrive at Marblehead by 1 p.m. Leave Marblehead every day at 2 p.m. and arrive at Salem by 3 p.m.
38. From Boston, by Medford, Woburn, Billerica, Chelmsford, Tyngsboro', Dunstable, Amherst, Francis, Waltham, Newton and Claremont, to Windsor, Vt. once a week. Leave Boston every Wednesday at 5 a.m. and arrive at Billerica by noon and at Amherst by 7 p.m. Leave Amherst on Thursday at 5 a.m. and arrive at Windsor by 6 p.m. returning. Leave Windsor every Monday at 5 a.m. and arrive at Amherst by 6 p.m. Leave Amherst on Tuesday at 5 a.m. and arrive at Boston by 5 p.m.
39. From Billerica, by Patucket bridge, Dracut, Pelham and Windham, to Londonderry once a week. Leave Billerica every Wednesday at 1 p.m. and arrive at Londonderry on Thursday by 9 a.m. Leave Londonderry every Thursday at 10 a.m. and arrive at Billerica by 7 p.m.
40. From Boston, by Concord, Littleton, Groton, Townsend, Ashby, New Ipswich, Jaffrey, Marlboro' and Keene, to Walpole twice a week. Leave Boston every Wednesday and Saturday at 4 a.m. and arrive at Keene on Thursday and Monday by noon. Leave Keene at 12 1/2 p.m. and arrive at Walpole by 9 p.m. returning. Leave Walpole every Wednesday and Saturday at 4 a.m. and arrive at Keene by noon. Leave Keene at 12 1/2 p.m. and arrive at Boston on Thursday and Monday by 8 p.m.
41. From Concord, by Stow, Bolton and Lancaster, to Leominster twice a week. Leave Concord every Wednesday and Saturday at 1 p.m. and arrive at Leominster by 7 p.m. Leave Leominster every Monday and Thursday at 5 a.m. and arrive at Concord by 11 a.m.
42. From Leominster, by Westminster, Templeton, Cery, Athol, New Salem, Wendell and Montague, to Greenfield once a week. Leave Leominster every Thursday at 5 a.m. and arrive at Greenfield by 7 p.m. Leave Greenfield every Friday at 5 a.m. and arrive at Leominster by 7 p.m.
43. From Worcester, by Boylston and Sterling, to Lancaster once a week. Leave Worcester every Wednesday at 8 a.m. and arrive at Lancaster by noon. Leave Lancaster every Wednesday at 1 p.m. and arrive at Worcester by 5 p.m.
44. From Worcester, by Holden, Rutland, Barre, Petersham, Athol, Orange, Warwick, Northfield, New Salem, Wendell and Rindge, to Brattleboro' once a week. Leave Worcester every Thursday at 5 a.m. and arrive at Brattleboro' Friday by 10 a.m. Leave Brattleboro' every Friday at 1 p.m. and arrive at Worcester on Saturday by 7 p.m.
45. From Shrewsbury, by Holden, Rutland, Greene, Hardwick, Pelham, Amherst and Hadley, to Northampton once a week. Leave Shrewsbury every Tuesday at 6 a.m. and arrive at Northampton on Wednesday by 10 a.m. Leave Northampton every Wednesday at 1 p.m. and arrive at Shrewsbury on Thursday by 7 p.m.
46. From Brookfield, by Belchertown, Hadley, Northampton, Chesterfield, Worthington, Patridgefield, Dalton, Pittsfield, Hancock and New Lebanon, to Albany twice a week.
May 1 to November 1. Leave Brookfield every Monday and Thursday at 9 a.m. and arrive at Albany on Tuesday and Friday by 7 p.m. Leave Albany every Wednesday and Saturday at 9 a.m. and arrive at Brookfield on Thursday and Monday by 7 p.m.
November 1 to May 1. Leave Brookfield every Monday and Thursday at 9 a.m. and arrive at Northampton by 7 p.m. Leave Northampton every Tuesday and Friday at 5 a.m. and arrive at Albany on Wednesday & Saturday by 3 p.m. returning. Leave Albany every Tuesday and Friday at 9 a.m. and arrive at Pittsfield by 8 p.m. Leave Pittsfield every Wednesday & Saturday at 5 a.m. and arrive at Northampton by 8 p.m. Leave Northampton every Thursday & Monday at 4 a.m. and arrive at Brookfield by 7 p.m.
47. From Suffield, by Westfield, Southampton, Northampton, Hatfield, Whately, Deerfield, Greenfield, Bernardston, Hinsdale, Brattleboro' Putney, Westminster, Walpole, Charlemont, Claremont, Cohnish, Windsor, Hartland & Plainfield, to Hanover twice a week. Leave Suffield every Monday and Thursday at 4 a.m. and arrive at Northampton at 1 p.m. and arrive at Brattleboro' on Tuesday and Friday by 10 a.m. Leave Brattleboro' at 1 p.m. and arrive at Windsor on Wednesday and Saturday by noon. Leave Windsor at 12 1/2 p.m. and arrive at Hanover by 8 p.m. returning. Leave Hanover every Monday & Thursday at 6 a.m. and arrive at Windsor by noon. Leave Windsor at 12 1/2 p.m. and arrive at Brattleboro' on Tuesday and Friday by 11 a.m. Leave Brattleboro' at 1 p.m. and arrive at Suffield on Wednesday & Saturday by 8 p.m.
[Concluded in Supplement]
STRANGER IN FRANCE.
Just opened, and for sale by Rapine, Conrad, & Co. THE STRANGER IN FRANCE; OR A TOUR FROM BEVNSHIRE TO PARIS, By JOHN CARR, Esq. Price 150 Cents. 29-1w2w.
FOR SALE.
I am desirous to dispose of the HOUSE belonging to me in West Tenth Street, in the City of Washington. The person, who may be inclined to purchase it, will observe I am not the proprietor of the ground. He will have to make a detached bargain for that. I will take $50 dollars in hand, for the improvements, or 1000 dollars, twenty dollars paid every six months, and the interest secured. A. B. WOODWARD. May - 6:
STELLE'S HOTEL & CITY TAVERN.
THE subscriber takes this method of thanking his friends and the public for their favors whilst on the Capitol Square and begs leave to acquaint them that having purchased and now occupying the tavern, late Tunnicliff's hotel, which he has commenced enlarging and improving - he respectfully solicits a continuance of the patronage of his friends and the public; assuring them that 'tis his full determination to fit up his present hotel, and so to conduct it, as to merit, he hopes, the preference of the public travelling, as well as those coming to the permanent seat of the Government of our Land of Liberty. PONTIUS D. STELLE. Washington City, March 25-tf
NOTICE.
IN obedience to general orders the First Battalion of the 1st Legion of Militia of the District of Columbia will meet for inspection in the city of Washington, on the vacant ground south of the President's House and near the Tyber, on Saturday the 4th May next, at 10 o'clock in the morning, &c. The 2nd Battalion of the same Legion will meet on the vacant ground east of High Street continued in George Town, commonly called the Old Orchard, on Saturday the 11th May next, at 10 o'clock in the morning. By order of Lt. Col. J. P. VAN NESS. WM. D. BEALL, Adj. April 19-10t
CHARLES H. VARDEN, MERCHANT TAILOR. Has received from Philadelphia a handsome assortment of FALL goods, consisting of the best London and French superfine cloths, cashmeres, patent Besnet's cord, tolequarts, fancy and white Marcellas, black and figured silk, moleskins, fancy silk, Marcellas, constitution cords, velvets, Genoa cord, silk and satin Florentines, superfine coating, knapped cloths, with a variety of other articles suitable for the winter season. N. B. Ladies habits, regimentals, and navy uniforms made in the best style of fashion. New Jersey Avenue near the Capitol, December 10-tf
Traveller's Hall.
THE subscriber tenders his sincere thanks to his friends for the very liberal encouragement which they have bestowed on him. He will finish one of his new rooms in a few weeks, which will be large enough to dine near 200 persons at a time, and will shortly after have the remainder of his additional building completed, which will give him a front of near 100 feet, in the most agreeable part of the town, and in the centre of business being on the highest part of the public square. He has on hand, and has contracted for a constant supply of the best wines, and foreign spirituous liquors imported, and country provisions, stable forage, foreign & state newspapers - and has secured a quantity of liquors sufficient for the use of his table and bar during the season. He assures his friends, and that respectable part of the public who have patronized him, that there shall be nothing wanting which his time or purse will command, to render the TRAVELLER'S HALL a house of entertainment for genteel guests only, equal to any in America. R. BRADLEY. Lexington, Kentucky, March 18-1805.
N. B. A flag runs from the TRAVELLER'S HALL to the Olympic Springs in the summer, and to Frankfort during the session of the Legislature. March 27-ep3m.
MRS. SMITH and MRS. WILLY respectfully acquaint their friends and the public, that they have removed their boarding school from the house they occupied in Water Street, to a large brick house fitted up for a school, in the Main Street near Mr. Francis Lowndes, with a good garden, yard, and excellent spring of water. They solicit the patronage of the inhabitants of George town and its vicinity, which they have liberally experienced, and gratefully acknowledge. They teach reading, writing, English grammar and geography. The best masters used to instruct the young ladies in music, dancing, arithmetic, French and drawing. Mrs. Smith and Mrs. Willy continue to teach plain work, marking, embroidery in lamb's wool, silk and chenille, with a variety of other kinds of needle work, in the afternoon. April 26-6w.
SURVEYING.
THE Subscriber who was regularly bred to LAND SURVEYING, respectfully informs the public, that he now undertakes business in that Department, which he executes with accuracy and expedition, and warrants his surveys to be correct. His mode of practice, which comprises official improvements, he has no doubt, will be found to meet the approbation of the judicious, and precludes, that on trial, it cannot fail to obtain the patronage of those gentlemen who are interested in the sale or purchase of land. Commands addressed to him at the Treasury of the United States, or Rhodes's hotel, city of Washington, will receive attention. RICHARD FREEMAN. April 23-34w
One Hundred Dollars Reward.
ON Friday evening the 22nd inst. ROBERT W. PEACOCK, confined in the Jail of Washington County of the District of Columbia, upon a conviction of forgery at December Term, 1804, escaped from said Jail. He was before this conviction a practicing Attorney in the City of Washington, and is very well known in Virginia and Maryland, having resided in both. He is a stout man, 5 feet 10 or 11 inches high, about 34 or 35 years of age, looks young of his age, has blue eyes, full face, fair and ruddy complexion, light hair, which he wears tied behind. He is also very much inclined to corpulency. Whoever apprehends the said felon, and secures him in any Jail so that I get him again, shall receive the above reward from DANIEL C. BREN, Marshal of the District of Columbia. March 25-tf
ADAM KING, & Co.
AT their wine Store in High Street George Town, have in addition to their stock of old wines, laid in a large and general assortment of all kinds of Liquors and Groceries suitable to the present season; where bills of any description, in their line, will constantly be filled up on the shortest notice and they flatter themselves, from the quality of their wines, &c. they will be able to give general satisfaction to all those who may think proper to favor them with a call - where all kind of commission business as usual, will be attended to with the utmost attention. George Town, November 3-tf
THE subscribers have opened a GROCERY STORE in the house near the Capitol, lately occupied by Mr. JAMES D. BARRY - where they have for sale, low, for cash or in exchange for country produce. Genuine Cogniac brandy, Inferior French do. Old Jamaica spirits, Madeira, } Wines, from the quarter cask Sherry, } and case, or smaller quantity Lisbon, } Claret, Brown Sugar, 1st and 4d quality Loaf and Lump, do. Molasses, Finkin Butter, Mould Candles, Sweet Ck, Spices of different kinds, Fig Blue, Starch, Almonds, Anchovies, } in bottles. Capers, Powder and Shot, Excellent Wine Vinegar, Gin, Whiskey, Hylon, Imperial, } Teas, fresh, and of superior quality. Young Hylon, Salt Herrings in Barrels. PETER BRADY, & Co. Washington October 31-tf
To be sold at public auction, on Thursday the 20th of May next, at 12 o'clock, at Mr. STELLE'S in the city of Washington, if not sooner disposed of by private contract, of which due notice shall be given to the public, the estate called Chickeller, lying on the Eastern Branch, immediate y opposite the city of Washington, and extending from near the foot of the bridge to some distance below the Navy Yard. This tract of Land, containing 697 acres, is laid off in Lots from 83 acres to 117 for the convenience of purchasers. Plats of the estate, and the terms of sale, are in the hands of Col. Hinton, at the Navy Yard, and Capt. John Davidson at Rhodes's Hotel, or Charles Mayman of Georgetown. The lots will be shown by Mr. Wedden, living on the premises, near the bridge. Should the weather prove bad on the 20th of May, the sale will take place on the next fair day. ANTHONY ADDISON. Barnaby, April 19-912w.
NOTICE.
THIS is to give notice that the subscriber has obtained from the Orphans Court of Prince George's county in Maryland, letters of administration on the personal estate of Hyram Drane late of said county deceased; all persons having claims against the said deceased are hereby warned to exhibit them to the subscriber properly authenticated on or before the twentieth day of September next, they may otherwise by law be excluded from all benefit of said estate. RICHARD W. BRASHERS, Adm'r April 1-3w
IRON WORKS FOR SALE.
IN Wythe county state of Virginia, on Cripple Creek about 15 miles from the Great Kanawha and 40 miles from the north fork of Holston which affords a tolerable safe navigation to a prodigious scope of the western country, where perhaps iron is in greater demand than any other quarter of the United States.
Cripple Creek affords a sufficiency of water for both forge and furnace, being fed by bold never failing springs. The furnace and all the buildings have been commenced within 4 or 5 years - they consist of dwelling houses, kitchens, and a store house; also, a large and convenient stable - the forge has not long been completed. It is supposed to be the best built forge in Virginia, being out of choice timber felled at proper seasons and executed by a first rate forge carpenter from Pennsylvania. It works three fires and two hammers, is sixty feet long and fifty wide, well covered with joint shingles. There are between 7 and 800 acres of land attached to these works, some of it of excellent soil, and any quantity may be procured within 6 or 8 miles for from 1 to 8 dollars per acre - the ore banks appear to be inexhaustible, lying within one mile of the furnace and good roads. From one of the banks the ore may be conveyed by water within 10 miles of the furnace, with the considerable expense of 40 or 50 dollars.
The quality of the iron is acknowledged by those who have used it to be equal to any. It is particularly sought for by lock makers, saddle tree makers, cutlers, &c.
The demand for iron in that country is far beyond what is made, and is falling from 40 to 50 per ton. I have no hesitation to say, that on a very long credit can be had for almost any quantity yearly, as from that quarter a considerable portion of the western country is supplied.
As it is supposed a purchase of this magneto would not be made, without a view of the property by those inclined to purchase, it is deemed unnecessary to give a further description.
Letters addressed to me at Abington, Virginia, will be duly attended to.
I will also sell my SALT WORKS
On Holston in Washington county, Virginia, which is now rented at 1000 dollars a year. I have adj. land to it between 5 and 6000 acres of land well covered with timber, a considerable proportion of which in point of fertility is equal to any land whatever, and will afford 3 or 400 acres of meadow, nearly 100 being now in good timothy. The buildings which are extensive are in a good state of preservation. FRANCIS PRESTON. May 1-
RAGS.
THE highest price CASH, given for clean RAGS, by EDGAR PATTERSON, George town, and SAMUEL STETTENUS, near the Centre market, Washington. March 8-tf.
FOR SALE,
At the Navy Yard, nearly opposite Mr. Dobbins's Tavern, a two story BRICK HOUSE, at present occupied by Mr. Thomas Mattingly, Baker, for terms apply to the imbedder. SAMUEL RUSS. May 3-3t
Thirty Dollars Reward.
STRAYED or stolen from the commons of this city, on the night of the 24th inst. the well known grey MARE, late the property of captain WILEY, of Fairfax county Virginia. She is about 7 years old, near 15 hands high, low in flesh, galled by the saddle, has a brand on the near shoulder, also a token which can be given in testimony, of which the thief or reward contriver may not be apprised. The subscriber will pay reasonable charges and 3 dollars, for the restoration of said mare; and (if stolen) 25 more on conviction of the thief. SOLOMON MYER. Washington, May 3-3t Ind. U. S. 29th year.
Twenty Dollars Reward.
RANAWAY from the subscriber on the second day of January last, a likely negro man named AMP, but frequently goes by name of ARMSTRAD, he is about 5 feet 7 or 8 inches high, upwards of 25 years of age, rather a yellowish complexion, has a tolerable large nose, and speaks very quick with an interjected - he has been hired to Mr. John Woolfolk for three years past, for the purpose of taking care of the horse-horses at Mr. Woolfolk's tavern. I do expect he will endeavor to pass as a free man, and is lurking about some town. Whoever will deliver the said negro to me, or confine him in any jail so that I get him again shall receive the above reward. LEWIS COLLINS. Caroline county, May 6-3w
N. B. Masters of vessels and others are warned from harboring said runaway at their peril. L. C.
ON Friday the 10th day of May next between the hours of 12 and 3 o'clock, at Mr. Steele's hotel in the city of Washington, near the premises, will be offered to public sale on a credit of six months, a two story brick house, with two rooms and a passage on each floor, a garet and good dry cellar, situated on lot No. 10 in square 728 on East Capitol Street, near the Capitol. Negotiable notes bearing interest from the date, with approved endorsements payable at the city of Washington or Georgetown banks, to be given by the purchaser in one hour after the sale, when immediate possession will be given and a clear title made to the purchaser when the money is fully paid, by SAMUEL TYLER. April 17-w3t