The national intelligencer and Washington advertiser. (Washington City [D.C.]), 1809-09-01 00:00:00

National Intelligencer.
WASHINGTON ADVERTISER.
WASHINGTON CITY, PRINTED BY SAMUEL HARRISON SMITH, PENNSYLVANIA AVENUE.
NO. 1382.
FIVE DOLLARS PER ANNUM,
FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 1, 1809.
PAID IN ADVANCE.
The National Intelligencer is conducted by SAMUEL H. SMITH, and JOSEPH GALES, Jr. and printed at the Office of the former, to whom subscribers and correspondents are requested to address themselves.
The annual price, payable in advance, is Five Dollars.
Advertisements, not exceeding one square in breadth, are inserted the first time at fifty cents, and for every subsequent insertion at twenty-five cents. If inserted less than three times a dollar is charged. If inserted for one year, an addition of one fourth per cent is made. Other advertisements charged for the National Intelligencer.
FOR THE NATIONAL INTELLIGENCER.
TOMBIGBEE ANNIVERSARY MEETING.
The following list of toasts affords some evidence of the loyalty of a people settled in a remote part of the American territory, lately an uninhabited wilderness.
It has been intimated in Congress that these people, who in conjunction with the old settlers on the Tombigbee have lately petitioned for the establishment of a new territorial government, were persons concerned in the Yazoo speculation. This was certainly a mistaken idea. Whatever may be the case as to the new settlement in the Big Bend of the Tennessee, the settlers on the waters of the Mobile are certainly no Yazoo men; and the only reason there, who is known to have been concerned in that speculation is violently opposed to the separation of that country from the Mississippi territory. It will be observed that one of the toasts drunk at this meeting was Mr. Randolph: a gentleman who is far from being a favorite with Yazoo men, but whose indignation at the oppressions suffered by the settlers on the Tombigbee from the Spanish government, has endeared him to a people whose situation naturally calls their attention more to local grievances than to general politics.
The 15th toast alludes to a recent event, scarcely less mortifying to the people of the Tombigbee country, than the restrictions on their trade imposed by the Spaniards. Paying to that government 12 per centum not only on all their exports, but on all their flour, whisky, salt, iron, coarse linen and other imports; they have been exceedingly anxious to see an intercourse established between them and the people of Tennessee, and as there is only a portage of eight or ten miles between the navigable waters of the Tennessee and those of the Coosie or Alabama river, one of the great branches of the Mobile; it was most earnestly expected that nothing but a knowledge of the lower country could be wanted to induce the citizens of Tennessee to commence such an intercourse.
Truly mortified, therefore, are they to learn that the first boats descending the Alabama from the Tennessee country, and with regular passports from Gov. Sevier have been seized by the Creek Indians, and the property on board of them confiscated under the sanction, as the Indians allege, of the U. States' agent in the Creek nation.
At a meeting of a number of respectable citizens, settled on the Choctaw purchase east of the Tombigbee, at the house of Capt. BEARD, for the purpose of celebrating the national festival, after the appointment of Col. JNO. GATLES, President, and Capt. Chas. Bonds, Vice-President, and during the participation of a suitable repast provided for the occasion the following toasts were approved and drank. The decent deportment of all at this novel, convivial and truly republican assemblage of citizens cannot be too highly complimented. All was harmony and order; the only emulation was, who were most American.
 1. July the 4th—Inviolable adherence to the principles which gave rise to this memorable anniversary. 5 cheers.  2. The Congress and Heads of Departments—Just in measures and fertile in means. 3 cheers.  3. This Infant Settlement—Firmly attached to government, waits in confidence its timely patronage. 4 cheers.  4. John Ikner of Tennessee—The generous patron of emigration and western population. 6 cheers.  5. The Elective Franchise—Unfettered by the chain of the old ordinance. 3 cheers.  6. The memory of the Illustrious Washington. 7 cheers.  7. James Madison, President of the U. States. 6 cheers.  8. Thomas Jefferson. 3 cheers.  9. The Constitution of the U. States—The immovable basis of our independence. 3 cheers.  10. The perpetual remembrance of the enlightened heroes and patriotic worthies of '76. 7 cheers.  11. His Excellency Governor Holmes. 3 cheers.  12. John Randolph of Virginia—The great patriot. 4 cheers.  13. Agriculture, Commerce and home manufactures. 3 cheers.  14. The third regiment of the militia of the Mississippi Territory. 2 cheers.  15. May the enterprise of the citizens of Tennessee surmount the opposition of Creek agency, and force their trade through the channels which nature has provided. 3 cheers.  16. The Mississippi Territory—Wisdom to its rulers. 2 cheers.  17. The American Fair—In form superior, in mind most elevated. 3 cheers. 
BOTANY AND GARDENING.
The subscriber having recently purchased in the vicinity of Philadelphia, twenty acres of ground, for the purpose of converting it into a Botanic Garden and Nursery, and also for an experimental Seminary of all the valuable grains, grasses, fruits and
other vegetable productions which he now has, or can in future procure, from his correspondents and friends in the United States, Europe or elsewhere; takes the liberty of inviting the lovers of botany, horticulture or agriculture, in every country, to an exchange of seeds and plants: of the former, his present collection is extremely numerous, and will continually be kept up and increased: of the latter, it is pretty considerable, especially in rare and valuable kinds.
He intends, as soon as possible, to introduce into this ground, every species of plant, indigenous or exotic, that he can procure, either in a growing state or from seed; whether calculated to aid the arts, administer to health, please the palate or gratify the curious. This being an arduous and expensive undertaking, and having no aid in the establishment or support of it, but the fruits of his own industry, as a Nursery and Seedsmen, he respectfully solicits, in the line of his business, the countenance and patronage of a patriotic and discerning public.
An establishment of this kind within less than three miles of the centre of the most populous part of the city, will doubtless prove of some importance to society, and stimulate the laudable and growing taste, as well as facilitate the means of our young ladies and gentlemen, and others resorting from foreign parts, to our seminary of education, of studying, with the advantage of the living objects, the important, delightful and interesting science of botany; of which the celebrated James Edward Smith, M. D. F. R. S. and President of the Linnean Society of Litchfield, justly says, in the preface to his "Introduction to Physiological and Systematical Botany"—
"I shall not labor to prove how delightful and instructive it is to Look through Nature, up to Nature's God."
"Neither, surely, need I demonstrate that if any judicious or improved use is to be made of the natural bodies around us, it must be expected from those who discriminate their kinds and study their properties. Of the benefits of natural science in the improvement of many arts no one doubts. Our food, our physic, our luxuries are improved by it.—By the enquiries of the curious, new acquisitions are made in remote countries, and our resources of various kinds are augmented. The skill of Linnaeus, by the most simple observation, founded, however, on scientific principles, taught his countrymen to destroy an insect, the Cantharis navalis , which had cost the Swedish government many thousand pounds a year, by its ravages on the timber of one dock-yard only. After its metamorphoses, and the season when the fly laid its eggs, were known, all its ravages were stopped by immersing the timber in water during that period. The same great observer, by his botanical knowledge, detected the cause of a dreadful disease among the horned cattle of the north of Lapland, which had previously been thought equally unaccountable and irremediable, and of which he has given an explicit account in his Lapland tour, as under Cicuta virosa , Engl. Bot. 479, in his Flora Lapponica . One man in our days, by his scientific skill alone, has given the bread-fruit to the West Indies, and his country justly honors his character and pursuits. All this is acknowledged.—We are no longer in the infancy of science, in which its utility, not having been proved, might be doubted, nor is it for this that I contend. I would recommend botany for its own sake. I have often alluded to its benefits as a mental exercise, nor can any study exceed it in raising curiosity, gratifying a taste for beauty and ingenuity of contrivance, or sharpening the powers of discrimination. What then can be better adapted for young persons? The chief use of a great part of our education is no other than what I have just mentioned. The languages and the mathematics, however valuable in themselves when acquired, are even more so as they train the youthful mind to thought and observation. In Sweden, natural history is the study of the schools by which men rise to preferment; and there are no people with more acute or better regulated minds than the Swedes."
To those whose minds and understandings are already formed, this study may be recommended, independently of all other considerations, as a rich source of innocent pleasure.
Some people are ever enquiring "what is the use" of any particular plant, by which they mean, "what food or physic, or what materials for the painter or dyer does it afford?" They look on a beautiful flowery meadow with admiration, only in proportion as it affords noxious drugs or slaves. Others consider a botanist with respect only as he may be able to teach them some profitable improvement in tanning or dying, by which they may quickly grow rich, and be then, perhaps no longer of any use to mankind or to themselves. They would permit their children to study botany, only because it might possibly lead to professorships, or other lucrative preferment.
"These views are not blameable, but they are not the sole end of human existence. Is it not desirable to call the soul from the feverish agitation of worldly pursuits, to the contemplation of divine wisdom in the beautiful economy of nature? Is it not a privilege to walk with God in the garden of creation, and hold converse with his providence? If such elevated feelings do not lead to the study of nature, it cannot far be pursued without reward the student by exciting them."
"Rousseau, a great judge of the human heart and observer of human manners, has remarked, that "when science is transplanted from the mountains and woods into cities and worldly society, it loses its genuine charms, and becomes a source of envy, jealousy, and rivalry." This is still more true if it be cultivated as a mere source of emolument. But the man who loves botany for its own sake knows no such feelings, nor is he dependent for happiness on situations or scenes that favor their growth. He would find himself neither solitary nor desolate, had he no other companion than a "mountain daisy," that "modest crimson-tipped flower," so sweetly sung by one of nature's own poets. The humblest weed or moss will ever afford him something to examine or to illustrate, and a great deal to admire. Introduce him to the magnificence of a tropical forest, the enamelled meadows of the Alps, or the wonders of New Holland, and his thoughts will not dwell much upon riches or literary honors, things that play around the head, but come not near the heart."
"One idea is indeed worthy to mix in the pure contemplation of nature, the anticipation of the pleasure we may have to bestow on kindred minds with our own, in sharing with them our discoveries and our acquisitions. This is truly an object worthy of a good man, the pleasure of communicating virtuous disinterested pleasure to those who have the same tastes with ourselves; or of guiding young ingenious minds to worthy pursuits, and facilitating the acquisition of what we have already obtained. If honors and respectful considerations reward such motives, they flow from a pure source. The giver and the receiver are alike invulnerable, as well as inaccessible, to "envy, jealousy, or rivalry," and may pardon their attacks without an effort."
"The natural history of animals, in many respects, even more interesting than botany to man as an animated being, and more striking in some of the phenomena which it displays, is in other points less pleasing to a tender and delicate mind. In botany all is elegance and delight. No painful, disgusting, unhealthy experiments are to be made. Its pleasures spring up under our feet, and, as we pursue them, reward us with health and serene satisfaction. None but the most foolish or depraved could derive any thing from it but what is beautiful, or pollute its lovely scenery with unamiable or unhallowed images. Those who do so, either from corrupt taste or malicious design, can be compared only to the fiend entering into the garden of Eden."
"Let us turn from this odious picture to the contemplation of nature ever new, ever abundant in inexhaustible variety. Whether we scrutinize the damp recesses of woods in the wintry months, when the numerous tribes of mosses are displaying their minute, but highly interesting structure, whether we walk forth in the early spring, when the ruby tips of the hawthorn-bush give the first sign of its approaching vegetation; or a little after, when the violet welcomes us with its scent, & the primrose with its beauty; whether we contemplate, in succession
all the profuse flowery treasures of the summer, or the more hidden secrets of nature at the season when fruits and seeds are forming; the most familiar objects, like old friends, will always afford us something to study and admire in their characters, while discoveries will awaken a train of new ideas. The yellow blossoms of the morning, that fold up their delicate leaves as the day advances; others that court and sustain the fall blaze of noon; and the pale night-scented tribe, which expand, and diffuse their very sweet fragrance, towards evening, will all please in their turn.—Though spring is the season of hope and novelty, to a naturalist more especially, yet the wise provisions and the abundant resources of nature, in the close of the year, will yield an observing mind no less pleasure than the rich variety of autumnal tint afford to the admirers of her external charms. The more we study the works of the creator, the more wisdom, beauty and harmony become manifest, even to our limited apprehensions; and while we admire, it is impossible not to adore."
"Soft roll our incense, herbs and fruits, and flowers, In mingled clouds, to Him, whose sun exalts, Whose breath perfumes you, and whose pencil paints."
The nations of Europe, duly appreciating the importance of botanical and horticultural establishments, have for a length of time continued to encourage them, and at no period so much as at present; notwithstanding their sanguinary wars & convulsions of empires. Those twin brothers are, and ought to be inseparable; as all the discoveries of the botanists are, generally, first introduced into the gardens, in order to make the requisite experiments on their culture and qualities, previous to the introduction of the suitable kinds into the fields.
Some may consider establishments of this kind of little importance; but let it be remembered, that such gave the grape vine, peach, apricot, nectarine, sugar-cane, &c. to Europe; also, the improved varieties of pear, plum, apple, wheat, barley, rye, oats, cabbage, &c. and to the United States, cotton, rice, tobacco, indigo, Indian corn, flax, hemp, sweet potatoes, red clover, with grasses of various kinds, as well as many varieties of the fruits and grains above mentioned: but still there are many more which may yet be obtained and introduced for the public benefit, with a little trouble & the advantage of a good correspondence.
The citizens of the United States, now finding it necessary to commence manufactures of various kinds, will require several plants, that hitherto were here of little importance. The woad ( Isatis tinctoria ) will be found necessary in the dying of blue; the wold ( Roseda, luteola ) for dying yellow; the dyer's madder ( Rubia tinctorum ) for dying red; the fuller's teasci ( Dipsacus fullonum ) for dressing and finishing fine cloth. Many other truly valuable plants are scarce, or not at this time to be found in the country; but it shall be one of his primary objects to propagate such of those as he has, and to obtain such as he has not, for the same purpose; in order that they may be distributed through the union for general utility.
BERNARD M'MAHON.
** Such printers as approve of the above will oblige by giving it publicity, when not pressed by more important matter.
* Before the discovery of the West Indies in 1492, by the Spaniards; or the East Indies in 1497, by the Portuguese; it is certain that abundance of sugar was made in the islands of Sicily, Crete, Rhodes, and Cyprus. The sugar cane is supposed to have been brought to these islands originally from India by the Saracens, and from thence transported into some ports in Italy. The sugar cane is said to have been introduced into Spain, from Africa by the Moors; to be first cultivated there in Valencia, and afterwards in Grenada and Murcia, where it is cultivated to this day. From Valencia the cultivation and manufacture of sugar was carried to the Canary islands in the fifteenth century; but prior to this this period, the Portuguese in 1420 carried the cane, and the manufacture from Sicily to Madeira. Hence the culture of the sugar cane and the art of making sugar were extended to the West India islands and the Brazils.
If in Europe the sugar cane can be cultivated between latitudes 37 and 40, why may it not be expected to succeed in all our sea islands south of Charleston, lat. 32 50? A successful experiment has lately been made on its culture in the small island of Sapelo in Georgia, by a Mr. Spalding, for which he deserves well of his country.
Longevity. —There died in February, 1806, at Glover, near Athenty, in Ireland, of a short illness, Dennis Corbee, of Ballendangan, aged 117 years. The life of this man was remarkable not only for its duration, but from its exemption from most of the evils of humanity. He retained his mental and corporeal faculties in full vigor to the last. Three weeks before his death he walked out and home 25 miles in one day, and read the smallest print without glasses as distinctly and easily as a boy of 16. Two days previous to his death, he never remembered to have any complaint or sickness whatever, tooth-ache only excepted. The first fifty-six years of his life passed entirely free from even the tooth-ache. After that period his teeth began to decay; but in the course of 15 years a new set appeared, of which he continued in possession till his death.
Of his moral character, it is early recorded, that he was steadfastly an honest man; sober, regular, and perfectly upright in his deportment. His mind was naturally strong and acute, not disciplined by a literary education, but enriched by observation and experience. He spent his life in the cultivation of the same farm, the property of which he had acquired early in life, and bent his attention chiefly to agriculture, in which he was generally allowed to be eminently proficient. He was one of the earliest who introduced and propagated the potato, which he cultivated for the last seventy years.
He was seven times married.—He was first married at the age of 21.—With his last wife, who survived him, he lived longer than with any of his previous ones, that is, 26 years, having married her when 93 years old. In general they were short lived, and were young women of his immediate neighborhood. The years of his widowhood, taken together, amounted to 11. All the children born to him were forty-eight, which, on an average, is one for every two years, since the first year of his marriage. He had three sets of twins; and his third wife bore him 11 children in 12 years.
His grand children were in number 236, which is a little more than 3 to each child. His great grand children amounted to 944 which is more, proportionally, than 8 to each child. He had 25 great great grand children, the oldest of whom is now 4 years old. Of 1253 descendants of his body, 487 survived him.
By his last wife, he had six sons, the youngest of whom is a fine lad of 18.
These facts are extracted from a register kept by the old man, of the names, births, marriages, deaths, and general situation of his wives and descendants. The keeping of this register was his principal amusement; and his descendants being scattered far and wide over the earth, he took great pains to make a catalogue exact and complete. It is to be hoped, that some curious person may rescue this document from oblivion, by committing it to the press. It must certainly lead to some very valuable inferences, as to the constitution of human bodies and of human society.
From the Philadelphia Gazette, (a federal paper.)
It has been with no small degree of surprise, that I have noticed the labored attempts of certain writers in this country, to exculpate the British government, in its rejection of the settlement made between Mr. Erskine and our government. At one time they are disposed to throw all the odium upon the two last; and on other occasions to divide the blame between the two cabinets and the minister here. What possible good can arise from those kind of statements, in which the construction is evidently forced? Are these men disposed to come forward as the supporters of the British ministry, and that in a cause which it is out of their power to defend before the American people, who keenly feel the injury done them by that ministry? Are they prepared to accede to any terms that Mr. Canning may offer us? Do they believe that the American nation will ever agree to any arrangement, which does not fully embrace every object in Mr. Erskine's settlement? And if the Cabinet of St. James are disposed to make a treaty on equal terms, why would they disavow what Mr. Erskine

line has done? For the present I can see no reason why any American should be anxious to take of the blame from the British government, until we have full and evident proof that it does not attach there. Was I to give my opinion, it would be this: That nation is exceedingly jealous of our increasing commerce—The shipping interest, the West and East India merchants; and the landed interest of the kingdom are much opposed to any immediate settlement with us—To procrastinate is their object; and, in this procrastination they know its effect upon us; while with expanded sails, they are reaping a rich harvest from every part of the ocean. I am one of those who was from principle opposed to the late administration; as to the election of Mr. Madison; but while that gentleman conducts the affairs of the nation, with the same honest, manly independence and candor as he manifested in the arrangement with Mr. Erskine, he will have the support of an
AMERICAN REPUBLICAN.
PROCLAMATION.
By his excellency Lieutenant General Sir George Prevost, Baronet, Lieutenant Governor and Commander in Chief in and over His Majesty's province of Nova Scotia and its Dependencies, &c. &c.
WHEREAS, the Act passed in the 26th year of the reign of his present Majesty, entitled, "An Act for permitting until the twenty fifth day of March one thousand eight hundred and nine, and from thence to the end of the next Session of Parliament, the importation of certain enumerated articles into the British colonies on the continent of North America, from the U. S. of America, and the exportation of other enumerated articles from the same Colonies, to the said States," is expired, and his Majesty not having thought proper, under and by virtue of the power to him given in and by an Act passed for that purpose, in the last session of Parliament, to renew His Majesty's Order in Council of the 26th day of October, 1808, allowing the importation of certain enumerated articles from the U. S. of America, in any ship or vessel belonging to any of the subjects of the said U. S., into the ports of Halifax and Shelburne, in this Province, and the exportation of certain enumerated articles from the same ports, in the like vessels, to the said U. S. and that no person hereafter may engage in a trade which is now and was.
I have thought fit to publish this Proclamation, allowing a reasonable time for those engaged in such trade to have notice of the discontinuance of the said order in council, and hereby commanding and requiring all ships and vessels owned by the subjects of the U. S. of America, and now within the said ports of Halifax or Shelburne, forthwith to depart from the same; and all persons whatsoever are hereby forbidden to import, or bring into the said ports of Halifax or Shelburne, after the 15th day of September next, any of the articles enumerated in his Majesty's said Order in Council, in any ship or vessel owned by the subjects of the U. S. of America; and public notice is hereby given that every foreign ship or vessel of whatever description, which after the said 15th day of September shall be found importing or bringing any of the articles enumerated in his Majesty's said Order, or any other goods, wares, or merchandise whatsoever into the ports or harbors of this province, the same will be seized, as forfeited to his Majesty.
And the officers of his Majesty's customs, are hereby ordered to sum all vessels belonging to the subjects of the United States, which may arrive in the said ports of Halifax or Shelburne, on or before the said 15th of September next, to land and dispose of all or any of the said enumerated articles, but not to export or carry away from this province, any goods, wares or merchandise whatsoever.
Given under my hand and seal at arms, at Halifax, this 15th day of August, 1809, in the 49th year of his Majesty's reign.
GEORGE PREVOST. By his excellency's command, SAM. HOOD GEORGE.
PROCLAMATION
By his Excellency Lieutenant General Sir George Prevost, Baronet, Lieutenant Governor and Commander in Chief in and over his Majesty's Province of Nova Scotia, and its dependencies, &c. &c.
Whereas, by an act, passed in the 26th year of his present Majesty's reign, for regulating the trade between his Majesty's colonies in North America, and the countries belonging to the United States of America, power is given to the Governor, Lieutenant Governor, or commander in chief, with the advice and consent of his Majesty's council, when occasion shall require to permit and allow the importation of certain enumerated articles
to his province from the said U. S. of America.
I have therefore thought it fit, with the advice and consent of his Majesty's council, to publish this proclamation, thereby authorising and empowering British subjects, for the space of six months from the date hereof, to import and bring into this province from the United States of America, in British built ships or vessels, owned and navigated according to law, scantling, planks, staves, heading boards, shingles, hoops, neat cattle, sheep, hogs, poultry, or live stock of any sort, bread, biscuit, flour, peas, beans, potatoes, wheat, rice, oats, barley, or grain of any sort.
Given under my hand and seal at arms, at Halifax, this 15th day of August, 1809, in the 49th year of his Majesty's reign.
GEORGE PREVOST. By his excellency's command, SAM. HOOD GEORGE.
BUENOS AYRES.
London, July 7.—A merchant vessel, called the Margaret, capt. Burns, is arrived at Liverpool from Rio de Janeiro. She sailed on the 28th of April, and has brought letters from Buenos Ayres to the 29th March. By this conveyance the following proclamation has been received which was issued by Liniers on the 13th of that month:
PROCLAMATION OF DON SANTIAGO LINIERS, Viceroy, Governor and Captain General of the Provinces of Rio de la Plata, and their dependencies, Knight of the order of St. Juan &c.
The genius of discord accumulates his acts of frenzy; but his fleeting triumphs have already ceased to exist; and he perceived with shame and rage, that his hopes must yield to the valor of the Spaniards. Wavering between guilt and despair, he multiplies in vain his seductive arts to shake the fidelity and humble the dignity of the Spanish American provinces. His criminal calculations, and ceaseless clash of falsehood and truth, from the weak supports of these papers, and lying rumours spread by the infamous satellites of Napoleon. I would condescend to refute minutely those false reports, although the contradiction with which they abound, prove sufficiently that they spring from ignorance and partiality, were I not addressing a people so illustrious as that which I have the honour to command, and did not the unconnected relation of the successes of the enemy, although described in their usual inflated stile, compared with the intelligence which we have received, & to which we may give credit, show beyond all doubt, the reality of our victories, & that Bonaparte and his satellites are hastening to the tomb. A thin king man hears with contempt of the entrance of the French at Madrid, because he well knows that it will only serve to heighten the list of our triumphs. What advantage can they reap from their penetrating into the heart of a nation where they cannot subsist, and where they have no other alternative than to fall victims to hunger, or surrender to our troops, by whom they are surrounded. Let us recollect that when, during the war of Succession, the enemy entered Madrid, it proved their ruin. Spain now contends with a single foe; then without foreign assistance, or any other forces but its own, it caused Europe, whose powerful kingdoms had shown its ruin, to tremble. The numerous armies which then entered Spain in every direction to take possession of Madrid, & the greatest part of the Peninsula, were completely routed and conquered. At this moment, our forces and our resources are infinitely superior, what ought we not to hope from our tried and despised warriors? What impression ought the miserable and ephemeral success of the French at Madrid to produce on our minds? Before the of last January, it has undoubtedly passed away like smoke. The best which the political affairs of Europe has taken, and the influence of the cabinet of St. James's over all the world, give us well founded hopes that Austria has broken off its diplomatic relations with France, whose pretensions are threatened by a formidable army. The Turks have openly resumed hostilities against the Russians. England has sent her fleets and armies, and transmitted her energy to Naples and to Holland. In a word, all the kingdoms rise from their lethargic slumbers, and the last victories of our armies are harbingers of liberty to Europe. Our whole nation is united under the protection of a wise and regular government. The Spanish and the British empires have calculated their forces and real power, and five-and-twenty millions of souls shall never yield to the sophistry of an impostor. This is the true state of things, which will perpetuate the honor and the glory of the Spanish name and its immortal allies.
"Buenos Ayres, March 13 1809."
WASHINGTON CITY.
FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 1.
Defence of Mr. Jefferson's administration. No. VI.
The appointments made during the administration of Mr. Jefferson have been the source of the most bitter denunciation. They have been ascribed to party, and in many instances to corrupt motives. Insidious friends, no less than open foes, have assailed the reputation of Mr. Jefferson, because he has blasted the gay promise of their hopes.
On this head it is high time that the nation should think correctly. It is high time for them justly to estimate the pretensions of these locusts who consider the harvest as exclusively theirs, who consider government as formed for their political or pecuniary aggrandizement, and who, true as the needle to the pole, point to whatever looks most likely to advance their interests. Under a monarchy these men have a legitimate existence. The patronage of the crown is essential to its existence. Some thing is required to balance the will of the people, on the subversion of which that system of government is founded. It is indispensable, therefore, for the king to buy up all the talent of the nation, to corrupt it by profuse pensions or lucrative contracts.
The theory of morals is completely inverted. Honor no longer consists in noble actions or in promoting the public interests, but in the smiles of a monarch, who measures every service rendered accordingly as it administers to his glory, pleasure or prejudice. Nothing short of this formidable patronage could keep down the popular feeling; and it is certainly owing to the great extent to which this system has been carried in France & England that those governments are so completely "the lords of the ascendant" over Europe. No longer confined to promoting the happiness of their people, they have become the terror of the world, which is ransacked, or ravaged to satisfy the inordinate cravings of ambition and avarice.
Happy had it been for us, if, with our change of government, we had likewise as decisively changed our habits of thinking and acting! But our recent experience on this subject proves that in some important respects we are still called to make a radical change in the latter.
We have established a republican system of government to insure as far as possible an equality of political rights, which we all know cannot be effected without a complete prostration of the corrupt system of patronage and power consolidated under monarchies. Under our system offices are created, not for the men that hold them, but for the public whose will establishes them. They are created not as under monarchies to balance or resist public opinion, but to carry it honestly into effect. It results from these indisputable axioms,
1. That no member of the community has a right to office. 2. That the nation has a right to displace any officer, inasmuch as the office he holds was created for their benefit and not his. 3. That as all offices are established to carry the will of the nation into effect, it is perfectly right for the nation to displace every officer who resists, instead of aiding, this effect. 4. That it is the duty of an honest government to reject the pretensions of men who demand offices as a remuneration for services, either real or imaginary. 5. That it is the duty of such a government to remove from office those engaged in resisting the public will, and to appoint such as will zealously and honestly strive to carry it into effect, avoiding, in the discharge of this duty, all personal prejudice or favor.
Let the conduct of Mr. Jefferson be tested by these unerring principles.
When he came into office, his first official act was to take a solemn oath "faithfully to execute the office of President of the United States, and to the best of his abilities, to preserve, protect and defend the constitution of the United States." This constitution devolves upon him the great and sacred duty of executing, himself, or through others, the laws passed under it.
At this time Mr. Jefferson found the public offices conferred almost exclusively on men hostile either to a republican system of government, to the broad principles and measures which were called for by the new era in the public sentiment, or to himself and his most respectable political friends. The first question that naturally must have presented itself to him, was what his duty, as expressed in his oath of office, required of him. As a man, magnanimity might have
suggested to him the glory of avoiding every sacrifice; but his personal feelings were now emerged in his official character, and he could not without perjury forego the rigid prescriptions of the latter to indulge in the amicable exercise of the former. He had become a public man, with high public duties to perform. It had become his duty "to preserve, protect and defend, to the best of his ability, the constitution of the United States." Was this to be done by retaining in office those who were notoriously hostile to the republican system which it was expressly framed to establish and guarantee? Was it to be done by cherishing an interest unfriendly to the change recently avowed in the public opinion, and ready to exert an active zeal against the change of measures contemplated? Was it to be done by maintaining the power, nay by giving a new sanction to it, of official men long and incessantly engaged in defaming those who were to compose the new administration? Was there reason to believe that these men would faithfully execute the laws, when the execution frustrated their political or personal views? Was there not the strongest reason to fear that they would at best hang as a dead weight upon the government and paralyse the complete efficacy of what they could not fully prevent? What has the experience of the last years of Mr. Jefferson's administration proved, but that these men were a host that only watched the propitious moment for hurling their benefactor, their country, its liberties and fame, from the height on which it stood into an overwhelming gulph of ruin? The President and Congress gave us the embargo, as our guardian angel, in a portentous period of peril. Its shameful inexecution has prostrated our rights and our honor; and to what is this owing more than to the criminal neglect of the officers of government, who, though opposed in politics, were basking in the sunshine of public favor? Let me solemnly ask the true friend of his country, whether the personal ease of these men and their families ought to have the weight of a feather compared with the calamitous evils which this inexecution has produced? The writer of this article may speak with the more precision on this point, because there was a time, when he rather preferred the policy of removing no federalist from office on account of his politics. This preference was not created by the least claim, which he considered him as possessing to the office he held, but from a zealous desire to steer clear of the corrupting effects that were too likely to flow from the impression that every change of administration was to produce a change of officers, coupled with an anxious wish to keep down among the republicans the depraved thirst for office. But a mournful experience has long since flashed a decided conviction on his mind. He no longer hesitates to adopt the belief that a republican government, faithful to carry the public will into effect, must be administered by those who in heart and hand are with it, who take pleasure in the discharge of their duty instead of reluctantly complying with it, and whose fidelity, in the day of danger, will be unshaken.
If then Mr. Jefferson erred, his error was that of indulgence. As, on some other occasions, his heart got the better of his head. He was not sufficiently skilled in the sinuosities of the human heart, to guard against its dangerous aberrations from duty. Judging of others by himself he estimated too highly the depravity of faction and ambition, and he forgot that it is only in the breasts of good men that revenge ceases to watch for the opportunity of destroying its enemy.
The example set by his predecessor would have justified a total removal of federal officers. For, at this era, what distinguished republican retained his place? Or what republican had been clothed with the honors of office? The board had been swept, and it had become a Presidential axiom to a point or retain none but friends. Mr. Jefferson did not pursue this policy. His new appointments were from the ranks of the republicans, because they did not possess a tenth part of their quota. His removals were for special causes. Some marshals and attorneys were changed, to balance the power of the midnight judges, who had begun a career that menaced the liberty of the press. Besides these, only a few collectors were removed. The changes made were gradual, and it may be assumed as a fact, that at the end of Mr. Jefferson's administration there still remained more federalists than republicans in office.
Let the enemies of this good man, then, cease to traduce him. They have no just cause for clamor on this head. If there be reason for complaint, it is his friends that have a right to censure him for his misplaced magnanimity.
From the tone of most of our public
prints on this subject it would seem as if we were a nation of office hunters. This man, we are told, has a right to a high or rich office, and the government is denounced for not conferring it. This man is appointed to office, and it is immediately demanded what right he has to it. Thus is this ceaseless clamor kept up, in most instances by office hunters themselves, while the only important consideration for the nation is, whether the individual appointed is competent to the discharge of the duties of his office. This is in fact the only point in which the nation is interested; and this is best shewn by the manner in which the duties have been performed. In many cases the government that appoints may be better advised of the general merits and particular qualifications of the person appointed than the public; and hence there may be a temporary discordance between the judgment of the administration and of the people. But time does not fail to test both, and to decide which is just.
We demand, then, whether the officers appointed by Mr. Jefferson have not discharged the duties of their offices with skill and fidelity? Look at the heads of the administration. In the department of our foreign relations what citizen could have been selected that would have outshone Madison? Does not every honest citizen, of every party, take a pride in the reflection that he is an American? And who has ever doubted his talent or integrity, which have been recently crowned with the highest honors this world can bestow? In the department of the Treasury has there ever been manifested more skill, vigilance, or order than under the guidance of Gallatin? In the receipt of more than a hundred millions of dollars, and a similar disbursement, ramified throughout the continent, there has been scarcely the loss of a dollar. Can the affairs of any individual or government present a parallel? In the Navy department, has nautical skill or valor been ever more successfully executed or manifested than under the direction of Smith, in whose honors the naval officers, best acquainted with him, have manifested so lively an interest? And in the War department, is it not admitted that order and economy (almost the only virtues that can be exhibited during a period of peace) have under Dearborn eminently prevailed, in lieu of the previous chaos?
Pursue the appointments of Mr. Jefferson through their manifold ramifications, and say which experience has not proved them, in the main, to be good. Some errors have doubtless been committed. But we demand to know any fatal injury that has resulted from them?
With one further remark we shall close the subject. Mr. Jefferson, during his long and triumphant administration, appointed, it is believed, no reason to office. Had his near been sordid or selfish would he have avoided this too common fault? His amiable feelings (even his enemies admit him to be amiable) might easily here have led him astray. No one is anxious to the happiness of dispensing benefits among those who immediately surround him, and also have strong natural claims on his benevolence. Mr. Jefferson, from his peculiar disposition, could not fail to find in such acts the liveliest enjoyment. But he judged with the calmness of a philosopher and the disinterestedness of a patriot. He never forgot that he was a public man, that his duties were public, and that in their discharge his country was every thing and his family nothing.
We give an insertion to the following communication, not from a coincidence in all the ideas of the writer; but because we conceive it a duty we owe to our local situation to admit a temperate and concise discussion of all questions immediately affecting the prosperity of this city or of the district generally:
OBSERVATIONS
ON THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE BANK OF WASHINGTON. To the Mechanic settled in the City.
FELLOW CITIZENS—It is proposed to establish a bank in the city of Washington, expressly for the benefit of the city. Many informed persons, and many who are well informed, but who have interests hostile to ours, cry out against the establishment of banks, as anti-republican institutions, as draining the country of gold and silver, and giving us paper in its room; as involving those who deal with them in obligations they cannot pay; and as being rigid and inexacting creditors.
All this sounds plausible enough. Many a fine speech has been made to prove, that many a flourishing town and rich and enlarged country has more eloquently counted it. A man may die of eating too much meat, & hundreds have perished by drinking too much pure water. Just so there may be too many banks in New England, and there may have formerly been too many banks in Scotland. But these are no arguments against beef, water, or banks, and instead of examining what has been said against these institutions, let us try to comprehend their principles, and judge for ourselves. There is no mystery in their contrivance, I assure

you, of which a small degree of attention to the subject will convince you. In a young and thriving country like ours, there is always more industry, more produce, more business that might be done, than money to employ, to purchase, and to carry it on. A carpenter, a bricklayer, a smith, are idle, because a merchant cannot afford to build a store in which to dispose of produce which he could very advantageously sell if he had money to buy it when offered to him. Could he borrow the money at legal interest, he could make a profit of 15 or 20 per cent. Out of this profit he might readily pay the interest and still be a very sufficient banker. But with all his industry he must let the produce go to Baltimore, or to Georgetown, or to Alexandria, and all the merchants go unemployed. If the merchants have money to get away they soon fail, the produce, I could state a hundred such cases, but one is enough.
The establishment of a bank remedies this evil. Those who have only a little money, which of itself is too little to commence even a moderate business, may be very numerous as they are among us. If all these small sums however were collected into one mass, they would form a very handsome capital. This is the whole, the secret of the establishment of a bank. To use a common phrase, it is, for the poor to club the money they have to spare, into a common stock, paying it in small convenient sums, and using this general stock for the common advantage of all, each paying simple interest for the use of that which is not his own, and receiving more than simple interest for that which is. The mechanics at the Navy Yard have had several little banks which explain the thing at once; for instance, a spoon bank, or company, and a clock bank. A very good worthy smith, and a very good clock-maker, with other men, wished to settle among them, if they could be sure of employment and payment. Few of them could afford to buy a clock worth $60 and a dozen table and tea spoons at once. But they instituted a bank, paid in their money at five dollars a month to Berley and Wood, who made spoons and clocks as fast as they could, and those that visit that quarter know striking proofs of the utility of the banking system even upon the smallest scale. Every body got the clocks and spoons they wanted, and these citizens made an advantageous establishment for themselves. All this was in fact done by lending money to these artists, and to each other, as is done on a great scale when a public bank like those of Alexandria, Columbia, and of the United States is established, for carrying on extensive commercial, manufacturing or national concerns.
There is only one difference between the specious bank, and a public institution of this kind, that the latter employs not only the money collected from the subscribers, but that credit which always grows out of the possession of a large capital, to the advantage of the community. This credit is lent in the shape of bank notes, for which, they being of as much value in trade as the money in specie for which they stand, legal interest is very rarely charged, and this interest on the credit lent by the bank added to the interest produced on their capital, enables the bank to pay to their stockholders or subscribers, more than legal interest. The experience of our country has proved that all banks can pay eight per cent. on their original subscriptions, while they charge only six per cent. on the money they lend out. The Farmer's and Mechanic's Bank lately established in Philadelphia, pays nine per cent. although begun without any capital.
As this may not be quite plain to those who have not been accustomed to such considerations, I will state a case which will make it clear at once. A wagon load of flour, whiskey and bacon, stops in the Pennsylvania Avenue. If it cannot be bought in the city, it must go to Georgetown. John Smith keeps a store and wants all these articles, which are to cost $100, and which in two months time he can easily retail for $160. But he cannot raise $100 of his own. He therefore goes to Richard Brown to borrow it. The farmer knows Brown to be rich and does not immediately want all the money. Brown therefore lends Smith only $50, and gives him his promissory note for $50 more, which he pays the farmer, the farmer looking to Brown only for payment of the note. Brown charges Smith at the rate of 6 per cent. or legal interest for the $100. When the time comes round, Smith pays Brown $100 cash, and $5 interest; out of which Brown pays his own note to the farmer. Now though Smith has paid only 6 per cent. for the money and credit he borrowed, Brown has actually gained 12 per cent. or $1 on $50 for two months, he having actually paid no more money, although he was responsible for the whole, as the bank is for its notes.
It is therefore plain that the establishment of a bank means nothing more than a union of the funds of all those who subscribe to it for their mutual benefit, and for the benefit of all those who borrow money or credit of them. Those who cannot employ the money or credit thus borrowed so as to produce enough to pay the interest, and still retain a profit sufficient to support themselves and carry on business, are very imprudent men, and had much better give up so unprofitable a trade. But it is not the fault of the bank, although these very men are the loudest grumblers against it. To remove the impressions these grumblers & those who speculate only in words may make, I have taken some pains to explain in the clearest manner I could, the nature of these institutions, which are as simple in their principles, as they are beneficial in their effects; so much so, that in the days of Oliver Cromwell, when our Yankee ancestors first came hither, and when queer titles were in fashion, a bank would have been called,
a long pull, and a strong pull, and a pull altogether.
To establish a bank then it is not necessary to exhaust the coffers of wealthy merchants. Numerous subscriptions of small sums are as effectual as the contributions of a few capitalists. On this principle, and with a view to the benefit of its moderately rich citizens of Washington, is the scheme of the Washington Bank contrived. I will try to explain it in a few words.
The shares in the bank are fixed at $50 each, and there are to be 25,000 shares. These would raise one million of dollars. At once all the shares were to be paid up. But as many very prudent persons could not pay $50 at the rate of $5 or less per month easily that would be distressed if required to pay it at once, each share is divided into two parts; one of $10; to pay which
18 months are allowed; and on of $40, which may be paid at any time afterwards when most convenient to the subscriber. But whoever once subscribes his name and pays the first dollar at subscribing, is obliged to pay up as far as $10 on each share or else lose the money he has already paid; and when he has paid these $10 on each share, he then may receive interest on them at 8 per cent. though he never should complete the remaining subscription of $40 more. The first payment on each share is to be paid, on subscribing on Sept. 4th next $1. The 2d on the 1st of Oct. 1. The 3d 1st of Nov. 2. The 4th 1st March, 1810 2. The 5th 1st Sept. 1810 2. The 6th 1st March, 1811 2. $10
As it is the custom in this city to settle accounts for wages on the beginning of every month, this arrangement becomes exceedingly convenient to the mechanics employed in the public works, who may hereby contribute to make a provision for themselves and their families by the saving of a small sum of each month's wages.
A mechanic who can afford to lay up only 4 or 5 dollars per month, has no other way to dispose of it than to lock it up, till by slow degrees and after long waiting it grows to be 50 or 100. During this time it produces nothing. Nobody that can afford to pay interest, wants so small a sum. It is guarded with fear, and perhaps after all, lost or spent without reflection or profit; but every dollar per month that can be saved, may now be put out to interest by subscribing 1 share to the bank stock. There is also an excitement in the saving of money, let the sum be ever so small, which grows naturally, and producing sober and industrious dispositions and habits, enables the subscriber to complete his subscription by calling forth his exertions to do it.
These are the advantages which will accrue to the subscribers, of which, I hope a very large proportion will be the mechanics of our city. But there are other benefits which will be of more importance to us all.
Why does Washington languish, while Georgetown and Alexandria thrive and flourish? Why do mud and darkness render our streets impassable in winter, while theirs are paved and lighted? Why are the members of the legislature driven to seek lodgings among our neighbors, where they find streets in which they can walk, markets abounding in choice and plenty, stores contiguous to their habitations and able to supply all their wants; and into the bargain, projects for removing the Capitol to Philadelphia or to the President's house or the Treasury and the President to the Capitol, and the Navy Yard to the Province of Maine? What becomes of the sums paid to our citizens annually at the Navy Yard, the public buildings and the Executive offices? What is there in this spot, marked out by its beauty, its harbor, its rolling surface, its healthiness, its capacity for interior communication by water, and by the choice of General Washington for a great and flourishing city, that repels improvements, cripples the energy and wastes the property of all that sit down upon it? What is the cause of the ruins of skill and industry that stalk about our city, the inhabitants harmonising with our ruined buildings, falling before they are finished? Is there any thing in the crags of Georgetown more favorable to industry than in the fair surface of the seat of the city? Is it the Potomac canal that brings attention to its inhabitants? Is this canal to the more advantageous, than our shipping harbor, our public expenditures, and our equal convenience by land and water to the western country to us? None of all this. Both Alexandria and Georgetown owe their improvement and prosperity to the bank capital actively employed for their advantage. It is to the Bank of Columbia especially under President and Directors zealously and wisely intent on the good of their townsmen, that has made Georgetown the Metropolis of Washington . The same institution planted at the President's house, and as well directed, would have bordered the Potomac, and the Tyber from the foot of Mason's island to the Potomac bridge with wharves, and have created a Georgetown around it, and the same institution placed on Capitol Hill would have transplanted Alexandria to the Eastern Branch.
The United States Branch Bank with a small capital, restricted by the mother bank in its operations, is in fact the bank of the whole district. Its benefits have been spread over Alexandria, Georgetown, this City and the country; and yet to the industry fostered by this institution we owe the progressive and not inconsiderable improvement of our own condition. Its influence, limited as it is, is still felt, and would be more felt, were not the charter of the U. S. Bank so near its expiration.
Let us therefore, all of us, who are interested in the welfare of this city, seize this opportunity to secure the establishment of an institution which must in the very nature of things benefit us all. Let us rejoice in the flourishing state of our neighbors, but let us not neglect the means by which they have gained so much the start of us. Let every mechanic in the city own at least one share. Who is so poor as to be unable to raise 10 dollars in eighteen months; and who so indolent as not to attempt it? X.
DIED At Battleboro, Vermont, SAMUEL STEARNS, A. A. D. the most celebrated Astronomer in the United States. In the course of a long life devoted to literature and science, particularly the sublime studies of astronomy, Dr. S. found every day new motives to admire the wisdom, and adore the power of the Immortal and Omnipotent Architect of the universe. He was clearly of opinion, with Dr. Young, that "In admiration astonishment is mad."
DIED At Vienna, on the 31st May, HAYDN the celebrated musical composer.
A Nashville paper speaking of the improvements and discoveries in the western country, observes—"The prying eye of science has discovered on the Cany fork of Cumberland river, in an uninhabited mountain, thousands of tons of coppers and aluminum interlocked together."
Petersburg will not be behind hand in domestic improvements. A small
but patriotic association of citizens are rapidly constructing a cotton machine about three miles from town.
Petersburg Intell.
UNION. —There seems now to be a prospect of an unwilling reconciliation between the friends of Britain and the friends of what is called the Virginia policy.
The British do not wish the Americans to indulge extensively in the carrying trade. They wish to monopolize it themselves.
It is said by some of our friends of Britain, that it is the policy of Virginia, (by which word they mean all the national districts south of Maryland) to cramp commerce. If this is true, there is more congeniality of sentiment between Virginia and England, than some of our divisionists are willing to believe. And now, since Virginia is so much like England in this respect, what hinders the friends of England in America, from becoming also the friends of Virginia? In Col. Pickering's language, what hinders the "navigation states" from harmonizing in their views and policy with the agricultural states?
Britain is an enemy of American commerce; Virginia is by some asserted so to be. Now what hinders those who really believe Virginia so much like England in this respect, from being as friendly to Virginia as they are to England?
Can those who hate Virginia continue any longer to admire and love England? Has Virginia ever done us more harm than England has done? Colonel Pickering says England has done us no essential harm. If he can tell, it would be an admirable thing to be informed by him, what harm we have suffered from Virginia? If we have suffered no harm from either Virginia or England, why should not the friends of both, in these trying times, BE UNITED?
Boston Patriot.
A St. Vincent's paper of the 13th July, received at this office, notices a meeting of the Agricultural Society, at which a Candle was introduced made of the Coco Nut, which was found to burn remarkably clear and well, without running or having any disagreeable smell.
Papers of a late date are received—but afford not one line worthy of re-publication. Bull. Ev. Post.
Savannah, June 23.
GEORGIA WOOL.
At a time when public attention is occupied in the promotion of domestic manufactures; when the conviction is becoming general, that we shall never feel a consciousness of independence until we can supply all our necessities from our own internal resources, and resist the pride, avarice & injustice of foreign nations by a sense of their dependence upon us for the raw materials necessary to their manufactures, as well as many other wants; when, in fine, G. Britain, cut off from the supplies of wool which she has heretofore drawn from Spain, must seek in some other quarter for sources from which she may receive that very important article—the facts contained in the following memorandum of Judge Johnson, of South Carolina, made while attending the federal court in this city, cannot be ungrateful to the public:
Savannah, May 8, 1819. "I have inspected a fleece taken a few days since from a sheep, the property of Mrs. Melvin, of this place. It was in the state in which it was taken from the animal's back, but was remarkably clean. I weighed it in the presence of several gentlemen, particularly general Mitchell, Mr. Bulloch and Mr. Wall, and found it to weigh fourteen pounds and a half by a pair of steelyards. The staple, which I measured in the presence of the above gentlemen and a number of others, particularly Judge Stephens, and Major Long of Wilkes county, was from 16 and 3/4ths to seventeen inches in length. The fibre was very fine, but had not all the silky softness of the full Merino. The sheep was not above the ordinary size, and of that species the females of which are horned. I am not apprized of the epithet by which sheep breeders distinguish it."
WM. JOHNSON, Jux. The above-mentioned sheep was a motherless lamb, from a flock that was driven through Savannah four or five years since. It was raised by the hands of the lady who owns it, and has generally been confined to her yard, but always kept fat.
Three inferences may fairly be drawn from the above facts:
1st. That very fine wool may be obtained in our southern states, notwithstanding the heat of the climate. 2d. That the species is not so material to the care we take of our sheep. 3d. That the nature of the food upon which sheep subsist is not so material to the excellence of the fleece as has been generally supposed, as this animal has scarcely ever had a green field to feed upon, and has subsisted on scraps of vegetables and a little corn.
New York, August 28.
LATEST FROM EUROPE.
The Irish papers received at the office of the Mercantile Advertiser on Sunday by the ship Acteon are to the 14th of July, inclusive; but their London dates, which are not later than the 6th, have been anticipated by the arrival of the British Packet.
Some articles from the London shipping list of July 10th, received by the Acteon, will be found in our maritime department.
Captain Grant informs us that the British expedition had not sailed, and that no time so had been fixed.
the British government. A mail arrived at Cork from London on the morning he sailed, (15th) but he did not learn that it brought any intelligence of moment.
From Cork Papers.
London, July 8. —On Saturday dispatches were received from admiral Berkeley and sir A. Wellesley, brought by the Enterprize cutter of 10 guns, from Lisbon.
When the messenger who brought the general's dispatches left the army, sir Arthur was within sight of Victor's army, and intended to give him battle the following day. Victor's retreat was entirely cut off, and from the dispositions that were made, there was every rational hope that his army would be destroyed. Sir A. Wellesley had been joined by the 40th regiment.
By the Malta mail, we have received accounts from Smyrna, of the 20th of May, and from Constantinople of the 21st of April. The Grand Seigneur is reported to be determined to carry on the war with vigor against the Russians, and was making great preparations for that purpose.
Lisbon, June 20.
(Extracts of Letters.)
"Yesterday a regiment of British troops sailed on the T. guns; and on Sunday two regiments of infantry were landed here from Gibraltar."
"A very large force is collecting in the north of Portugal. Within the last four days, one brigade and two regiments of the line which had been quartered here, have marched towards Braga.—The whole of the forces in the North are under the command of the Portuguese general Silveira, who has eminently distinguished himself, and has the unqualified confidence of the troops under his command."
"June 17.—General Beresford has been here for a few days to make arrangements; he quitted us on the 9th for Badajoz. The armies are in motion; but they cannot march with great rapidity, being compelled to carry with them every necessary article of provision and stores, the country through which they pass affording nothing to their necessities."
"Victor, it is now said, is between Talavera, Merida and Tuxilla; his army spreading to the margin of the Tagus. The allies are approximating to the same situation."
"We are recruiting for men who are to compose new regiments. The service is not attended with much difficulty. Towards payment of this and other extraordinary expenses, a contribution has been levied on the opulent and middling classes of the inhabitants, which is not to exceed one million of crusades. The contributors pay cheerfully."
"The weather has been very unreasonable, and unusually irregular; at the time I am writing, the rain falls in torrents."
By the schooner Majestic, Johnson, we have received Kingston, Jamaica papers to the 29th of July.—They furnish us with several marine articles. From the paper of the latest date we learn, that the British troops in Santa Domingo are in bad health, upwards of 200 being in the hospitals, confined with dangerous fevers.
The same paper also states, that in consequence of the severe privations endured by the French troops during the late siege and blockade of St. Domingo, and their change of diet since their arrival at Jamaica, they generally had broken out amongst them, and carried off a considerable number daily.
Captain Dodge, from St. Bartholomews informs us, that a British frigate and two brigs of war, blockading Guadeloupe, were driven ashore in a hurricane on the S. E. part of the island, on the last of July, and every soul on board except two perished.
Philadelphia, August 28.
Yesterday arrived the schooner Swift, Young, 20 days from Martinique; by her we learn that the British still continue to enact the heaviest duties, and lay the greatest impositions on the Americans that they are able.
It was said at Martinique when the Swift sailed, that all the heavy British ships of war, except admiral Cochrane's ship, who was bound to Halifax, were ordered for England, and that part of the garrison was to be embarked for England at the same time; there being more work for them in Europe, than in the West Indies.
NOTICE.
THIS is to give notice that the Subscriber has obtained letters of Administration on the Personal Estate of Aderson Conway , late of Prince Georges county deceased. All persons having claims against the said estate are desired to exhibit the same with the vouchers as soon as possible, and all those indebted to said estate are requested to make immediate payment.
ELEANOR CONAWAY, Adm x . September 1—w3t
FOR SALE. A Framed HOUSE on the Virginia avenue, between 7th and 8th streets east side the Navy Yard.
The House is 16 feet front and 27 deep; completely finished, with an alley in front and running back to 1 street; the situation is high, and pleasantly situated for a private family or a store. For terms apply to
WILLIAM S. PETERSON, Facing the East Market.
N. B. If not sold by private sale, it will be sold at Public auction, on the premises the 7th day of September at the hour of 2 o'clock, P. M. Washington, Sept. 1—3t
This is to give notice, that the Subscriber has obtained from the Orphans Court of Charles county in Maryland, Letters Testamentary on the Personal Estate of JOHN NEALE late of Charles county, deceased—all persons having claims against the said deceased, are hereby warned to exhibit the same with the vouchers thereto to the subscriber at or before the 1st day of October next, they may otherwise by law be excluded from all benefit of the said estate.
Given under my hand this 20th day of August, 1809. JAMES NEALE, (of J. mes.) Executor. September 1—w3t
TO BE RENTED OR LEASED. THE Potomac I now live on, containing about 700 acres, with the Negroes, Stock, Plantation Utensils, &c. &c. The situation is healthy and convenient to market, being about 4 miles from the city of Washington, and 31 on Alexandria. Any person disposed to rent may view the premises and know the terms by applying to the subscriber. ANTHONY ADDISON. Bonarabe September 1—6t
RAN AWAY on Monday 21st August, 1809, from the Subscriber living in the lower end of Montgomery county, state of Maryland, near Vansville, a negro fellow named HARRY, about 21 years of age, about 5 feet 10 or 11 inches high, black complexion, hollow jawed and thin visage, red eyes and when examined has a downward squint—he had on and took with him an old worn fur hat, a country striped cotton waistcoat, a white jacket with a spotted border, a pair of green corded pantaloons, one old Irish linen and one oz. hung shirt, one pair of country tow trousers, and a very large watch coat blanket. It is likely he may change his clothes and in all probability procure a pass and will endeavor to pass as a free man. I will give a reward of Ten dollars to any person who will secure said fellow in any jail so that I get him again, in which case I will pay all out of the state, the above reward of 20 dollars, and all reasonable charges, if brought home will be paid by me. JOHN JARRED.
N. B. All masters or owners of slaves, are warned from harboring or carrying off said fellow, at their peril, as I am determined to prosecute any person guilty thereof. J. J. September 1—4t
VALUABLE FARM FOR SALE.
I WILL sell the tract of Land on which I reside called BUSSARD ISLAND lying on Patuxent river, in Calvert county, and nearly opposite to Benedict, containing by estimation, seven hundred three and a quarter acres of as fertile land as can be found in the state of Maryland, one third of which is in wood and very heavily timbered, and as well watered for the convenience of stock as any tract of its size in the state.
The arable part of this plantation is level and much of it covered with oyster shells, and is divided into three fields, each of which will produce three hundred barrels of corn with a reserve of prime tobacco land sufficient to grow fifty hogsheads of tobacco annually, and with very little labor more meadow may be reclaimed than will be found sufficient. No land can be better adapted to the growth of corn, tobacco and wheat, and few plantations hold out stronger inducements to stimulate an industrious man. It binds for a considerable distance on the river & lies nearly in square. Fish, oysters, and wild fowl are to be had at all times. Stock of every description, particularly sheep, thrive and improve wonderfully when removed to this land, a convincing proof of the nutritious quality of the grass, which it produces in great abundance. The improvements are sufficient to accommodate a small family. A more particular description is not necessary, a purchaser will naturally view the premises. My price for the above tract of land is sixteen thousand dollars—one sixth part of the purchase money to be paid on the day of possession, and the balance in five equal annual payments, with interest from the day of sale.
I will sell at public sale on the 20th December next, in the town of Upper Marlborough, all the personal estate on the above premises, consisting of a number of valuable negroes, horses, mules, cattle, sheep & hogs, plantation utensils, household and kitchen furniture on a credit of twelve months, the purchaser giving bond with approved security; for all sums under $20 cash will be required.
N. B. If the above tract of Land is not disposed of, it will be for rent the ensuing year.
RICHARD W. HARWOOD. Sept. 1—t 20 Dec.
NOTICE.
AGREEDLY to an order of St. Mary's county court will be sold at public sale on Friday the 13th day of Oct. next, if not otherwise, the next fair day, three tracts of land formerly the property of John Carpenter, late of said county, deceased. One of these farms is handsomely situated on St. Clement's Bay and within half a mile of the head of said Bay, containing about 175 acres of land, with a good framed dwelling house and necessary out houses. Another tract of land situated on the head of St. Clement's Bay, containing about 120 acres, with a two story framed dwelling house thereon. Also another small piece of land lying within two miles of the other two tracts, containing about 70 acres principally covered with wood. This property will be sold in the whole or in such parcels as may best suit purchasers. A credit of 12 and 18 months will be given, the purchasers giving bond with approved security, with interest from the day of sale. Sale to commence at 11 o'clock, at Walker's tavern, and attendance given by
JAMES FORRESTER, ETHELBERT CECIL, JAMES MORGAN, St. Mary's County, Sept. 1—w3t.

Treasury Department, March 28, 1809. WHEREAS, in conformity with the provisions made by law, for the reimbursement of the Exchange Six per Cent Stock...
ALBERT GALLATIN, Secretary of the Treasury. SCHEDULE. Table with 4 columns: Lot number, Number of shares, Amount, and Remarks. Includes lots 5 through 216.
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Treasury Department, March 27, 1809. WHEREAS, in conformity with the provisions made by law, for the reimbursement of the Exchanged Six per Cent Stock...
ALBERT GALLATIN, Secretary of the Treasury. SCHEDULE. Table with 4 columns: Lot number, Number of shares, Amount, and Remarks. Includes lots 8 through 1630.
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REPUBLICAN MEETING. THE Republican Citizens of Prince George's county are requested to meet at Upper Marlboro, on Tuesday the 5th of September next...
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THE COMMISSIONERS. THIS is to give notice, that the Subscriber has commenced the practice of the LAW, and opened an office in the town of Upper Marlborough, Prince George's county.
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WHERAS the late Commissioners of the city of Washington, on the 24th December 1793, sold or contracted to sell to Robert Morris & Js. Greenleaf...