The national intelligencer and Washington advertiser. (Washington City [D.C.]), 1809-09-18 00:00:00

National Intelligencer.
WASHINGTON ADVERTISER
No. 13.
WASHINGTON CITY, PRINTED BY SAMUEL HARRISON SMITH, PENNSYLVANIA AVENUE.
No. 4295.
FIVE DOLLARS PER ANNUM.
MONDAY, SEPTEMBER 18, 1809.
PAID IN ADVANCE.
From the Independent American.
POTOMAC TO DELAWARE.
No. 11.
DEAR BROTHER,
Compliance in every particular with your esteemed favor No. 2, will ever be productive of great pleasure to me. At the same time I must remark that you are not aware of the task you have laid on me. You desire I would order my people to the purpose of improving their leather. My dear Delaware, it is evident you are not acquainted with them. They are a brave, generous, & also a kind people, when humored, and their darling passions untouched. One of those predominant with them is love of liberty. The superabundance of this inestimable blessing, with that of every other the unlimited bounty of Providence can bestow on mortals for their good, has been and appears like to continue to be shed upon them. This rare state of happiness seems to be the very reason for some of their great mistakes and forgetfulness. Many individuals, nay whole communities appear to be actually spoiled by too much indulgence. Every separate interest is so fond of its own will, that whoever and whatsoever, even in a slight degree, appears to interfere with such will, is in danger of very harsh disapprobation, or worse; long before a sound understanding is suffered to prevail. Dexterous management will produce, from a new contrivance, the like over again. Nay, he who complains of it the most, will be apt to do the same thing, without seeing it in himself, and wonder he is not allowed to do as he pleases, however injurious that may be to others, who think themselves entitled to similar privileges. By sad experience I have found it a dangerous thing to order, or even to advise the very boys to things not more my interest than theirs. They are often impatient under any sort of opposition to their will, and yet many of them are as tractable as sheep. They can be cheated by a silver-tonged fellow of their own, who knows how to manage them, and to make them believe, even for a moment, that it is they who command and he obeys: the moment being passed, the cheat discovered, opinions obturated, enough of those who deliver such opinions are found to support their own dear infallible will until it becomes too late to acknowledge the error—if indeed it ever would be acknowledged; so few are there who have understanding to see their own faults, or courage to own them, still less to make amends for them.
Please do not understand me as attempting to say this is general. No, far from it. There are here those who are an ornament to human nature, eminent for whatever is estimable among men; those who can charm the soul of eloquence and of song; and those who are equal to striking a blow in the world to resound from pole to pole. You will therefore, my dear Delaware, rather increase your disposition to universal good; send many of your people to be delighted here, those of the upper regions of science, or who aspire to it, or who only may be capable like myself of admiring in still silent rapture, gazing at those who have attained an eminence in talents rarely granted to mortals; and from such, down to those whose happiness is comprised in the useful mechanism of sawing marble. All might here be gratified, more perhaps than any where else—from north to south, from east to west.
I was imperceptibly led on thus, to touch ideas I never intended before to speak upon, because knowing myself incapable of other than wronging them with my feeble expression. I was led on, first by the wish to qualify you to give you a fair view of some of my difficulties, and to show you how much I shall be in want of your assistance to improve.
In order to convince you that I am in earnest, and that I will use my best endeavors to conform to your enlightened and benevolent instructions, my illustrious brother, I send you a copy of the general order I have this day issued. It will I hope obtain more speedy solutions to your valuable questions. In talking upon the affairs of these mortals, you know, we must use their language, unintelligible jargon as most of it will appear to be notwithstanding. Men of business seldom read such things as these. Others do not, unless you make them
laugh. The wise are very wise in their own conceit. The fool has full as much obstinacy. Time, long time, therefore, will pass, my dear Delaware, before I can expect to beat into sufficient attention, without great assistance.
The following is a copy of the general order:—
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. From the Admiralty Office, at the Three Rocks,
POTOMAC sends, greeting, To his dearly beloved children and friends, to wit:
To the river Annacosta or Eastern Branch;
To Tiber, Rock, and Foxall's creeks;
To Occoquan, Hunting, Four Mile & Difficult Creeks;
To my beautiful Shenandoah, Opickon and Wappocomo, on my right, and on my left, Conococheague, Antietam and Monocacy;
To all my well beloved children and friends, who are too numerous to be more particularly named at present, but who also have SEERS near them;
BE IT KNOWN, That my illustrious brother DELAWARE, in his letter to me, No. 2, by the National Intelligencer of the 6th, and Independent American of the 9th inst. has been pleased to propound sundry questions of great importance to us all; and, for as much as it seems expedient to call forth every nervous and suitable aid speedily to those purposes, you are, my beloved, hereby instructed forthwith to communicate satisfactory information upon the several matters and things contained in the said letter No. 2, directing all your dispatches to me, under cover to Edgar Patterson, Esq. Georgetown, Ptk. who will transmit them to the Admiralty Office aforesaid, to be recorded. For brevity sake, and for the better illustration of every separate part, it is expected that each of my beloved children & friends will please to advise upon what he is master of; abstaining as much as possible from unnecessary words, and adhering to those in use among mortal men, for whose benefit we are struggling in this, as well as in other ways: for example, my beloved Shenandoah can dilate upon the formation and properties of malleable iron, steel, and small arms, as well as on other important articles of his vast possessions: Wappocomo is famous, wherever known, for the best land and beef. My good Monocacy, I particularly upon you and your SEERS, to enable me, with speed, fully to gratify my illustrious brother. My beloved children and friends, above the head tide water and below it, may, at their pleasure, send their letters by any of their boats, to the admiralty, as aforesaid, or be transmitted by the medium of well-disposed printers, in their gazettes. It is hereby requested of my beloved children and friends, to make it known, that I will not receive at my admiralty offices, newspapers or any thing else under foreign influence, known to be liars, vile slanderers, calumniators, and, as far as they can go, disturbers of every good, public and private. Let the whole herd stand off and keep out of my way.
Done at the Admiralty office, aforesaid, the 12th Sept. 1809.
POTOMAC.
Having issued such general order, it will, I presume, obtain attention. By report, very generally believed, many of my sons possess great advantages. It seems proper, therefore, to hear themselves in describing their resources. It would relieve me from the humiliation of confessing, immortal as I am, that I cannot give such descriptions as well as they ought to be able to do. Water is said to be a conductor of sound, that is, such as is made by captain Cassin, of my navy yard, in the tremendous noise he makes, endeavoring in vain to burst the cannon made from my iron, by the general of artillery, Foxall. Though water may be a conductor of sound, such as this, I do not know that knowledge glides upon it, in the same way; for example, my beautiful son Shenandoah, sends boats 200 miles on his waters, & into mine, without having condescended to send me a knowledge of one half of the riches abounding on every side of him.
Should any of my sons prove refractory, and withhold the explanations you require, much will be furnished by the tractable and well disposed. A few of these overbalance all the others. We must therefore forgive, though
we cannot always forget, injuries. Happy to be employed to any good, as it were, in spite of much evil.
I am longing to speak to my original object, to which I did intend to confine myself, until your benevolent interposition was pleased to notice my humble endeavors, and call forth views of great importance. For a while I wish to let my sons speak for themselves. I would however say a few words upon some unfinished business in my last letter to you.
It is not probable the U. S. will be able for a long time to furnish iron, steel, castings or cannon to supply our own wants. If otherwise, the foreign demand will forever render it among the first objects for the employment of capital for men of ability and wealth. I must therefore be correct in every sense to invite,
"To waste thee welcome to this friendly shore." and to recommend to all whom these presents shall come, to make every and whatever exertion can be brought into activity, to the purpose of making cannon, and forming multitudes of horse artillery; which would in all probability operate to the aggrandizement of such exertions, and to that of our country. The makers of cannon in the U. States are not numerous. I am afraid they never will be adequate to the occasions and requisitions for them. The free exportation of cannon and small arms ought to prevail almost at all times, to stimulate the means of producing them.
If objection be made to the exportation of cannon for conscience sake as instruments of war, I answer the proof of facts, and every experiment of whatever has descended to our time from antiquity, that the waste of life was much greater before than since the use of great guns. It is not with all men, nor at all times, to be prodigal of life, even when duty commands. The roar of cannon terrifies. Efforts are made to cover from their effects; when the cover is destroyed or disabled, that is, the wall, the rampart, or floating castle, the vanquished yield and shake hands with a brave victor. Both ascribe its due to the fortune of war, to the necessity of the case, and are no longer enemies, where mutual extermination is not the prevailing disposition on both sides. This is forbidden by the use of cannon. Exclusive of its terror, when it preponderates, decisive measures soon prevail and havoc subsides.
Without adverting to distant or remote transactions, the thing seems so evident, that it is really astonishing to find an objection. For example—on this side of the Atlantic, wherever horse artillery was duly provided, the very knowledge of such provision would deter an enemy from attempting to invade, because he could make no impression without he brought adequate horse artillery with him, the expense of which must be enormous; and his success doubtful; in the country, provision would be made, traveling forges and furnaces annexed to horse artillery, for heating shot, &c. so as to be certain not only of driving the enemy into the sea, but also of sinking his ships before they could retire, if not before they could land much of their means for annoyance. Hence far from being founded in a sanguinary disposition a desire to promote the use of cannon. The reverse is the fact. To send cannon to S. America, is to save life, both in the people there, and whoever may attempt to invade them. It is also to promote the production of iron here.
If my farmers were under any restraint in doing as they pleased with their wheat, they would not have two hundred thousand barrels of fine flour to spare every year. I contend, therefore, that hardly any state of things will ever occur in the U. S. which would make it proper to restrain the exportation of great guns. I am told there are means not far from me for the production of brass, and therefore I could also in due time furnish it if required.
"His brazen tubes, the last resort of Kings."
I pray you, then, my dear Delaware, you who can give your fine ideas in so beautiful language, to recommend to the Potomac Company, at their next meeting, to proceed upon measures to purchase certain portions of land on both sides of me, which must one day be converted to important uses.
1st. For the free passage of boats as well as down upon me and my canals at all seasons, and at all hours, day and night.
2d. For the purposes of iron works, mill seats, and the requisite water from the canals; and
3d. To promote irrigation, particularly in dry seasons like the present; and
"Tune their wild floods to fatten still the land."
If the Potomac Company will not do so in time, from my immortal admiralty office at the Three Rocks of the three Sisters, where I intend to have an iron bridge erected, at the upper side of my Georgetown, I forewarn that some of your princes of merchants, of overgrown fortunes, gained from the facilities you presented to your imperial city of Philadelphia, that some, perhaps one, of these will come and purchase these sites, if not the whole stock of the Potomac Company.
It must be acknowledged with gratitude, that a great deal has been done towards making me navigable throughout and at all times. Much however remains to be done. If any avoidable errors have taken place, it is high time to endeavor to correct them, and hasten into useful practice the most material of those valuable objects. Congress will soon I hope bestow some attention this way.
I remain truly
Your affectionate brother,
POTOMAC.
P. S. Not having my scribe at hand, nor any aid whatsoever, though I asked for it, until I hear from my sons, as my faults, will, I hope, be excused; well as those, also involuntary, by the printers, who can with ease translate a bark gliding on my surface, to a hawk, soaring aloft above the clouds.
From the Independent American.
CHAIN BRIDGE.
Believing as I do, that it will afford you pleasure to communicate useful knowledge generally, as well as to your particular friends—And well knowing that one letter in the hands of consideration and influence will have more useful effect than a thousand newspaper advertisements—has induced me to take the liberty to address you, on the subject of the CHAIN BRIDGE. Supposing that you, or some of your friends have seen that at the Little Falls of Potomac, three miles above the city of Washington, or that of the Schuylkill, five miles above Philadelphia, I shall not trouble you with a general description of this new and invaluable invention; but merely contrast the cost of other sorts of Bridges with this. For instance, the span of a chain bridge now in use at the Little Falls, cost only five thousand dollars, and replaces a wooden arch which cost 23,000 dollars, and did not stand seven years from the time of its erection before it rotted and fell into the river. The chain bridge at the falls of Schuylkill cost only 20,000 dollars, including two abutments and two piers of hewn stone, while the Market street Bridge over the same water, and of the same length, cost 300,000 dollars. Both bridges have two buttments and two piers each, but the piers of the Chain Bridge are built on solid rock, while those of the lower bridge are built with the assistance of coffer dams, in deep water and mud. But allowing that those two piers cost 80,000 dollars, then add 20,000 dollars, the cost of my bridge at the falls, and deduct the amount from 300,000 dollars, will leave 200,000 dollars in favor of the chain principle—the chains and uprights will last a couple of hundred years—the first being painted, and the latter covered with a roof—there will be of course only the flooring and raising of the bridge, subject to decay—the renewal of which will amount to a mere nothing.
The bridge at the Little Falls has but one span, and is 130 feet long on a straight line; the one at the falls of Schuylkill has three spans, two of which are 153 feet long, and could have been extended much farther.
The price of the patent right is now one dollar per foot between the faces of the abutments on a line.
There are five of these bridges in use, one of which has failed in the smallest degree.
I have a concern in the original patent right, and am sole agent of the patentee for the sale of patent rights throughout the United States, and patentee for the improvements on the chain bridge—Any one wishing to construct this species of bridge, will do well to transmit to me (post paid) a description of the scheme of the contemplated bridge—say the width of the
water, the depth, and what sort of bottom it has, whether mud, gravel or sand, the height of the banks, and whether they overflow—and particularly, whether the water to be bridged is subject to high and rapid freshets—the price of iron, foundation stone, & lumber, from which a calculation of the probable expence, can be made, and sent by post—and then I will, if required, either go on, and superintend the construction, or build the bridge or bridges on contract.
I am, sir,
With sentiments of high respect, Your humble servant, JOHN TEMPLEMAN.
MERINO SHEEP.
The following History of Merino Sheep is taken from Lord Somerville's Memoir, addressed to the Bath Society, in 1802; containing also some important observations on the use of salt for Cattle and the preservation of Hay.
I received from Mr. L. Scrymge, together with a most polite letter, his history of the introduction of Merino Sheep into different parts of Europe, lately published. His exertions in tracing the different properties of sheep in Spain, Sweden, Denmark, Saxony, Prussia, &c. &c. are unexamined; his knowledge has obviously been obtained in the sheep fold, and the fluency and correctness with which he details the various diseases of sheep, and their remedies, declare him to possess a Shepherd's knowledge of a flock. In his commencement of the subject, he expresses himself thus:—
"The different governments of Europe had long acknowledged the advantages that would be derived from agriculture and commerce from the introduction of fine wools into their respective states; but their views meeting opposition in the ignorance and prejudice of the times, a considerable number of years elapsed before they set about realizing an idea, which at first seemed chimerical; at length there appeared men, equally commendable for their patriotism and knowledge, who have labored with zeal and perseverance, to enlighten their fellow citizens, by producing facts to prove, that nature, far from opposing itself to the preservation of fine wool sheep in certain climates, seemed, on the contrary, to lend itself complacently to the exertions of industry. I believe I have demonstrated in my treatise on sheep, that the fine wools of Spain depend neither on the voyage, nor on the soil, nor the climate, nor the pasture, but that they depend on other causes, and that it is possible to have in France and elsewhere, wool of the same quality as that of Spain. My travels in the north of Europe have offered facts and observations, which have fresh demonstrated this truth. I have found, in the far greater number of the flocks I have examined, wool, which, judging from the eye or the touch, equals in beauty and fineness that of Segovia and Leon; so much so, that in my opinion no doubt can remain, that we can obtain superfine fleeces in every part of Europe, where pastures are to be found, and where we can depend on winter food, on which sheep can be supported. These wools make cloths as fine, as silky, and supple, as those manufactured of Spanish wool, as attempts made in France and other countries prove. But were it true, that the food, climate, and other local circumstances had a certain influence on the intrinsic qualities of wool, such as the elasticity, the strength, the softness, &c. &c. it would not be the less proved, that, at all events, cloths, fine and beautiful enough to satisfy persons the most difficult on this point, can be obtained; and that a nation can easily do without the fine wools of Spain, and feed its finest manufactures with those drawn from its own proper soil. Nevertheless, as these truths are still held in doubt by some persons, and lest these doubts should have a considerable influence on our agriculture and our commerce, I thought it my duty to publish these facts, which must give a new degree of force and certainty. I here present to view the actual state of Merino flocks, naturalised in Europe."
He says that a Merino flock came into Sweden, in 1725; that from the year 1740, to the year 1780, a bounty of seventy-five per cent. was allowed to those who sold fine wool; in 1780, these bounties were reduced to 15. In 1789, to twelve per cent. and in

1792, being no longer deemed necessary to encourage this breed, they ceased. In 1764, Sweden possessed 65,000 Merino sheep of the pure breed, and 25,384 of the mixed blood; since that period they have constantly increased in number, in spite of the difficulties occasioned by the length of winter, and severity of the climate. That the Merino sheep preserve, in Sweden, their pristine form; that the Fleece have lost nothing of their equa- lity of length, their elasticity, and their fine quality of pile; that their weight continues as great as in Spain; that he has seen Merino rams, whose fleeces weighed 13 pounds each; and that, when shorn, to the climate, and properly fed, he has seen them larger, and finer sheep than in Spain. Upper Saxony, he says, is the country next to Sweden, where the introduction of the Merino is of the longest date; and it is in Saxony where this naturalization has met with the most marked success, and produced effects the most beneficial; the native breeds have by a mixture of Merino blood, profited in an equal degree. The first importation was in 1765; the next in 1773. Mr. Lanteyrie says, he has seen many different flocks, and has found the pure Merino, as well as some mixed breeds, producing wool of the first quality; indeed, the sheep-walks of Saxony are at this moment more productive than any other species of husbandry; and the wool sells at three times the price of the wools of the country. Saxony rears about 1,600,000 sheep, of which 90,000 are Merinos and the mixed breed.
They were introduced into Prussia by Frederick II. in the year 1786. Some of these, distributed over the country, from mismanagement and gross neglect, have degenerated and died; others he has seen which preserve their pristine qualities.
In Denmark, and in various parts of Germany, Mr. Lanteyrie has seen this race of sheep always prospering, if well treated; and in this, and every other country, degenerating from want of food and neglect; always, however, doing as well as the native breeds in the same keep, and in some cases better; that the more regular and ample the supply of food is, whether of grass or green vegetables, the heavier and finer will be the fleece—the larger in size and the more perfect in shape will the sheep be. He strongly recommends housing; but that close sheepcots are injurious; that a free circulation of air is always found beneficial, and that this breed of sheep suffers more from heat than from cold; (this doctrine has been repeatedly confirmed by our practice at home;) that they will get fat as quick as any indigenous breed, in any country, and have done so wherever a comparison has been made.
An experiment was made on the Merino sheep at Rambouillet, which denotes the peculiar character of this breed and its tendency to carry wool. A ewe, eighteen months old, was left unshorn; the next season, her fleece, when shorn, weighed fourteen pounds ten ounces; and its pile, which was double the usual length, lost nothing as to weight, because few ewes would have given more wool, if clipped at the usual period. Another ewe was shorn at thirty months old, and gave a still greater quantity of wool, although sheep at that season sucked a lamb; her fleece weighed twenty-one pounds, and the pile was eight inches long. In the ninth year (1800) eight ewes, whose fleeces were of two years growth, gave from sixteen to twenty pounds each. It appeared from these different experiments, that Merino wool of two years growth will double its length, & will preserve all its fine quality. It was not observed, that the sheep, subjected to this experiment suffered particularly from heat, or that their health was in any degree injured. It is possible, that this property in the Merino fleece to grow beyond the period usual in our breed of sheep, may be productive of some new manufacture, where great length and fine quality of pile is required; but the hazard of the blow-fly, and the chance of losing in degrees and brakes any part of a fleece after it is once fit for manufacture, will not allow of this practice becoming general, admitting even that the sheep suffer nothing in the proof during the summer months from the weight of the fleece, which in a large scale of practice is improbable, and that the wool should be found to pay as well for growing to this length, as it would when shorn in common course; but we have taken the liberty of noticing a circumstance so novel to us, because our English breeds are all supposed to cast their fleeces at a certain season of the year, if not shorn, with exception to lambs which hold their fleeces; (this is quoted by many as an argument against shearing lambs;) because the fact has also been doubted by some of the best informed and liberal amongst us, not supposing the reports of Rambouillet meant to de-
ceive, but that some mistake must have been made. A sample of this wool is now in England; I have carefully examined it, and can bear testimony to the fact. Salt is not given to the sheep in Prussia and in Holland; but in Sweden, in Saxony, in Silesia, and in France it is considered a most important article, and is strongly recommended on the same principle, as we had before labored to induce its adoption in these kingdoms.
We had no doubt of the good effect of salt on mouldy hay, which had not spent its strength in premature fermentation, would bear such a quantity of salt as would invigorate the stomach, quicken the circulation of blood, and excite in cattle a desire to drink largely. Some medical men, aware of our practice, conjectured that salt tend to decompose and convert water to nourishment in an increased degree. Whether this is, or is not, to be so accounted for, we are incompetent to judge. But it is our business to know, the effect it has on stock; and we do know, that it surpasses all belief. Some of our hay lately in use was of the first quality of sheep hay, the produce of rich & deep loam on a lias stone bottom; it was put together without wet, and had 25lb. of salt per ton sprinkled through a sieve, a greater quantity than has yet been used. In color, flavor, and proof, it equalled any hay, whatever, and satisfies us that this or a greater quantity of salt, may infused into hay of the best quality, and with the best possible effect. In confirmation of this fact we have also the authority of Mr. Drake of Breedon, one of the most celebrated graziers in the kingdom, who has mixed salt with his flooded mouldy hay, 8lb. of salt only to a ton, and he declares, that his Herford oxen did better on it than others on the best hay he had, and that he was, and is convinced, that the hay had all its good effect from the salt.
In Spain, a thousand sheep use in five months four arrobes, or one quintal of salt, which is 128lb. Their sheep would fat to 13lb. per quarter upon the average; this is the quantity given out, all of which may not be consumed; and as the price of salt in that country is no object, more would have been given, if more was necessary. The quantity given to our sheep was such, as we have before stated would keep them healthy, or such as they appeared to demand. It is given in the morning when the sheep are looked over, in order to counteract the ill effect of the dew. They have consumed at the rate of one ton of salt, for every thousand sheep annually.
A small handful is put on a flat stone or slate, and ten or fifteen of these slates, set a few yards apart, are enough for one hundred sheep. At first the sheep may be moved towards them; if they feel a craving for salt they will lick it up quickly as much as is necessary; and if they do not want it, what remains dry when the sheep are next looked at, is taken up and reserved for future use. Twice a week has usually been found sufficient; in particular cases it may be offered thrice. As to any doubt respecting their inclination to it none can be maintained; for in the year 1801, of a flock approaching towards 1000 there are not ten old sheep, which have not taken kindly to it, and not a lamb which does not consume it greedily.
Selections from a late London paper.
THE ARTS.
Within these few years there has sprung up amongst us a new style of painting, which, though evidently founded upon the Flemish school, promises to exceed its original, by superadding an imitation of the manners & humor of familiar life, to the spirited and correct delineation of the forms and figures of the Flemish painters.
The Dutch painters are deservedly praised for their faithful imitation, their exact general portraiture of every object before them. They transferred to their canvas, as it were, the very identity of the objects they saw, without any improvement from the standards of ideal beauty, and without infusing into them any distinct sentiment of character and action. They consider the point of excellence to consist only in giving a faithful likeness of a form, in which they rose above the mere portrait painter, by including the whole form, and the several parts of each object, & in giving, certainly, a masterly drawing, and a most faithful similitude of every thing they saw, however minute. What in truth, if we except his wonderful imitation of natural objects, is the merit of Teniers?
The present English school, proceeding on this foundation, has superadded humor and sentiment to figure, and a certain definite action, or, what we may call in poetry a Minor Noble , to the justness of form. All the figures are exhibited as doing something . What is done by each being the different parts of the same action.
The art of the painter, therefore, in this style, consists in a double point, the correctness of the Flemish school with respect to figure, and the imitation of the humor, and characteristic sentiment of the scene which he has chosen to represent. In plain words, he has to animate, inform, and to characterize his figures, with that particular expression which belongs to the moral action of his subject. He rises, therefore, to what may be called the dignity of composition in the epic of common life. It is in this last quality in which the English school has improved upon the barrenness of the Flemings. Wilkie is without doubt the founder of this school amongst us. His Village Politicians , his blind Fiddler , and his Pay Day , are masterly compositions in that peculiar style which we have described above. But within these few days we have seen a painting by an artist the name of Bird , who resides at Bristol, which if not superior, is fully equal to the best compositions of Wilkie. It has the same correctness and fidelity of form, the same characteristic point and sentiment the same species of familiar action and fable, which distinguished the pictures of Wilkie. This painting, we are happy to learn, will be placed in the exhibition of the present year. We shall briefly describe it.
The subject is Good News , or News of an important victory , just received at a Village Inn. The characters consist of an Old Soldier, who occupies the center of the picture, flourishing his stick over his head, & in the language of the Poet—“Fighting his battles o’er again.” A Cobler is seated upon the table reading the newspaper, and is interrupted by one of his audience, who is bawling the good tidings into the ears of a deaf man, who is placed in one corner of the picture.
The anger which this interruption occasions in the countenance of the Cobler, gives a very fine expression to his character. The figure and costume of his son of Crispin is most admirable. The exultation and joyous lounge in his easy chair of the master of the house, who seems to have been once a soldier himself, gives a pleasing variety to the character of the piece, and the center group is completed by his wife and children around him.
In the corner opposite to that filled by the deaf man and his noisy friend, is the Post Boy , who brought the paper.—His character and dress are very exact; he is taking a glass of Gin from the maid servant of the inn.—We must not forget the character of the man who is lighting his pipe, and devouring the news at the same time.—The furniture of the room, both dead and living, is perfectly appropriate.—The cat and the dog are as much in character as the tables & the chairs.
All that this picture wants, is a proper harmony and effect of color.—It is, with respect to color, what is called Spotted .—We could have wished that the Old Soldier had been equipped with a wooden leg, & that a greater suffusion of color had been thrown into the face of the Post Boy. A little more labor, under skilful direction, upon the minor parts of this picture, would have made it a prodigy.
MISCELLANEOUS. —Camphor mixed with different fixed oils and sand, in order to divide the particles, may be purified of its oily particles, and deprived of its empureumatic smell, when sublimed with a small quantity of potash.
A heavy fall of snow, which continued without intermission for three days took place on the 18th March, in the Provinces of Languedoc and Gargane, in France, entirely destroying the promises of an early spring, and obstructing the communication between the towns. The cold was at the same time so intense, that several carriers and peasants lost their lives, and vast numbers of cattle perished. Seven cottages in a valley near Mende, department of Lozell, were buried by masses of snow rolling from the sides of the mountain, at the foot of which they were situated; and the inhabitants, forty souls, remained in a portion situation three days before they were extricated. The depth of the snow in many places was six feet. The vintage and fruit harvest are entirely destroyed for the present year.
A gentleman of Birmingham has suggested the employment of an indigenous material as a substitute for mahogany and other costly woods, used for furniture and the finishing of houses. The substitute which he proposes is jiron. In beds, heads, the posts as well as the frame might be cast hollow; & the former might be beautifully wreathed with flowers, &c. or embossed with fanciful ornaments; chests of drawers, book-cases and bureaus, might all be made of sheet iron. Such furniture would be cheaper than articles of mahogany, not heavier than wood, though more beautiful; and exclusively of the convenience for removal, it will afford great security
against fire. The tombs of the ancient Roman families of Manlii, were lately discovered at the villa of the Count Moron, near Rome. They were found to contain two statues, five busts and an urn, all in tolerable preservation, and distinguished by the name of Manlius. Two skeletons dug up at the foot of these statues, still had rings upon their fingers, and close to the skeleton of a female, named Agathobia, were found the shell of an egg, an oil bottle, a broken mirror and a lamp. Baron Hasselin minister from the king of Bavaria to the Holy See, has purchased these valuable relics, which are at least 2000 years old.
A new mode of drying white lead has lately been adopted in an extensive manufactory, in the neighborhood of London, with the most beneficial effects to the health of the laborers employed. By the new practice, the lead does not undergo so much handling, and its fine particles are prevented from spreading by being poured into vessels of earthenware.
The wife of a taylor at York last week took up a large toad in her hand, through curiosity, and held it for some minutes: soon after she felt a slight pain, accompanied with swelling; it increased, & she has been obliged to have her thumb and two fingers amputated.
HOUSE OF BOURBON.
The last accounts received from the Mediterranean, inform of the death Alfonso, count de Beaujolais—youngest of the three sons of the late Philip Egalite, duke of Orleans. He was scarcely twenty-nine years of age, and had not distinguished himself by any actions of merit. It is said that his dissolution was accelerated by his irregularities. The duke de Montpensier Anthony Philip, second of the sons of Egalite, died about a year ago. He was a prince of some talents, in particular for painting, in which art he was such a proficient, that he might have acquired both reputation and subsistence by his performance in that art, if he had been driven to the necessity of practising it for a support.
The duke de Montpensier, and his brother, count de Beaujolais, were only of the age of fourteen and twelve, when the French revolution broke out in 1789. On the execution of their father in 1793, they were shut up, by order of the national assembly, in the fort of Notre Dame de la Garde, near Marseilles. In an attempt to effect his escape from that fortress, the duke de la Montpensier fell & fractured his leg. Their elder brother, the duke de Chartres, now duke of Orleans, having quitted France, previous to his father's imprisonment and death, wandered over a large part of Europe. Born to the greatest succession of any subject in the world, he saw himself deprived of it as well as his high rank and collateral right to the crown of France in consequence of a revolution, in which his father acted a conspicuous part. To such distress was he even reduced about 1796 or 1797, as to have actually kept a school in Zurich, in Switzerland, for some time. Like the younger Dionysius, who, after his expulsion and exile from Syracuse, was compelled, according to Cicero, to have recourse to a similar expedient at Corinth. The present duke of Orleans is said to be a man of talent on whom adversity, that rugged nurse, has not been lost. After quitting Switzerland, he crossed the Atlantic to St. Domingo, and on his return from the West Indies made a tour to the United States; he travelled over the northern kingdoms of Europe, particularly Sweden, and he followed the track of Maupertuis to Tornea, in Lapland. He even penetrated beyond Tornea, almost to the North Cape and returned back by Drontheim Christiania the capital of Norway from whence he reached Copenhagen. The present duke of Orleans is not thirty-five years old. His health is said to be in a precarious state. He is the first of that branch of the illustrious House of Bourbon; is descended from Louis XIII. and Ann of Austria, by Philip, youngest brother of Louis XIV., who was the father of the famous regent duke.
TO BE SOLD.
A SMALL Farm and Mill Seat, five miles from the City of Washington and two from Bladensburg, adjoining the farm of the Widow C. Diggas, there is 137 acres of Land, 80 or 90 of which is cleared & mostly under fence, about ten acres well set in clover and timothy. There is dwelling houses, Orchard, Garden, and pleasant situation—and a Spring of most excellent water; a public road is laid out through the place which will make an easy conveyance to the City and George Town. It is unnecessary to say more about this property, as it is presumed any person wishing to purchase will view the premises and consider the advantages which it undoubtedly has for improvement, and for further particulars enquire of ISSACHAR SCHOLFIELD.
N. B. If the above property is not sold it will be rented to a farmer. I have also a small but valuable Farm adjoining the above, in Mills, a Tan Yard and Blacksmith's Shop to rent, apply as above. I.S. Adelphi Mills, P. Geo. Cy. 9th mo. 18—36.
WASHINGTON CITY. MONDAY, SEPTEMBER 19.
At a meeting of the Directors of the Bank of Washington on Friday last, DANIEL CARROLL of Duddington, esq. was chosen President and SAMUEL ELLIOT, jun. Cashier of the Bank. Samuel H. Smith was chosen a Director, to supply the vacancy occasioned by the election of Mr. Carroll to the Presidency.
We understand, from an authentic source, that a revolution has recently taken place at Algiers, by which the then reigning Dey (originally a Mahometan priest) was deposed and put to death. He was succeeded by one of the favorites of the soldiery, who was placed by the military at the head of the Regency without the occurrence of any sanguinary event, except the strangling of his predecessor. This revolution occurred about the 4th of November last. The present Dey is represented as a man of considerable abilities for the station, and the unfortunate Iman whose place he occupies as having been an imbecile ruler.
The Editor of the White , printed at Baltimore, has instituted a suit for a libel against the Editor of the Baltimore Federal Republican .
ELECTIONS. —It is with pleasure that we remark that Republicanism is rapidly regaining its ascendancy, and that the elections which have lately taken place are uniformly favorable to correct principles.
In Massachusetts , it is well known that the last election reduced more than one-half the federal majority in the State Legislature.
In Rhode Island , at the election which has just taken place, it is said that there is a Republican majority in the place of a federal majority of 22 in the Legislature. At any rate, the Legislature is very nearly equally divided in politics.
In Connecticut , an election for the State Legislature, has just taken place, the result of which we have not heard; but there is no doubt that steady habits preponderate.
In Vermont , also, an election has just taken place; and from what we have heard, Vermont will this year be confirmed in the rank of her Republican sisters, from whom she was almost estranged, having last year a federal governor.
[By yesterday's mail we learn that in 80 towns on the west side of the mountain the Republican candidate for Governor (Jonas Galusha) has a net gain, from the last election, of above 1000 votes; and a larger gain is expected on the eastern side. The representation of fourteen of the towns heard from has been changed from Federal to Republican, and a majority of forty is calculated on instead of ten in the House of Representatives.]
In New Jersey an election for members of the State Legislature is about to take place. There is no doubt of the Republicanism of this state.
In Pennsylvania another election (for State Representatives) approaches. Of the political character of this state it is unnecessary to speak. Notwithstanding some local schism which appears amongst her citizens, in general politics she is always correct.
In Maryland , the annual election for members of the State Legislature approaches. It will be recollected by our readers that Maryland has now an accidental federal majority in the House of Delegates, and by the same token that they lately prevented the election of a Senator of the United States to supply the vacancy occasioned by the expiration of the term of service of Gen. Samuel Smith. We have the satisfaction of informing the friends of Republicanism, that notwithstanding every exertion of federal industry and ingenuity, in which neither labor or expense appear to have been spared, Sampson, having regained his strength, will not again be rocked to sleep in the lap of Delecta. The republicans of the state are wide awake and of course must succeed.
In North Carolina , an election took place in the last month for members of the State Legislature. The state elections in this state are little influenced by political considerations; but there is no doubt of correct principles maintaining the ascendancy in her councils.
In Kentucky and Tennessee , the state elections took place in the last month. It would be superfluous to say that those states have remained unshaken amidst the contests of party, being yet, as they always have been, decidedly republican.
SALE BY AUCTION.
On Tuesday the 26th instant, WILL be SOLD at Public Auction at the House of Mr. ERSKINE, the British Minister, all his HOUSEHOLD & KITCHEN FURNITURE. The Sale to commence at 10 o'clock, A. M. if fair, if not the next fair day. N. L. & H. M. QUEEN, Aucts. Sept. 18—46.

EXTRACTS
From a late performance entitled CONSIDERATIONS
ON THE EXECUTIVE GOVERNMENT
OF THE U.S. OF AMERICA. By A. B. WOODWARD, Chief Justice of the Territory of Michigan.
The erection of an independent empire, in the western hemisphere, constitutes an event which has already been productive of consequences the most interesting to its own inhabitants; and which is likely to become still more intimately connected with the future destinies, and happiness of the human race. To build the solid foundations of its greatness has been the labor of a generation which may now be considered as past. The illustrious statesman, from whose pen America received the great charter of her independence; and the illustrious warrior whose sword achieved it, are no longer numbered in her councils. The one reposes in the mansion of eternal rest; leaving to his country, and to the world, his immortal fame. Treading in the path of his glory, the other regions, this day, the cares and the burdens of government, for the shade of private life. With their beloved commander of the revolution, sleep the greater part of his brave-competitors in arms; and almost the whole of the distinguished sages, consociated in the brilliant deed of 1776, have alike sought the quiet of the grave, or of retirement.
To a new generation may be said to be committed the destiny of the American nation. The elevation of the superstructure of that grand fabric of liberty, whose foundations were laid by the fathers, becomes the great duty of the present generation; a duty not less onerous in obligation than arduous in performance.
As one of that generation, in pure patriotism yielding to none, to many in the means of rendering it useful, I hasten to discharge a portion of that duty. I believe it assigned to me by the high and responsible gratitude I owe to my predecessors, in the momentous era of revolutionary struggle; and by the ardent love I bear to the country, which they have given me.
Penetrated with reverence for a virtuous progenitor, who in the day of danger, and in the hour of battle, glowed with a holy ardor for the practical maintenance of the liberties of America; myself enjoying a liberal portion of the confidence, and the honors of my country; I am conscious that in approaching her constitution, I advance with no sacrilegious, or partial hand.
Nor am I insensible of the magnitude, and the grandeur of that empire, the ark of whose safety I thus presume to touch.
The United States of America comprehend in their limits one of the fairest portions of the earth. Extending nearly from the Pacific to the Atlantic ocean, and spreading over the best portion of the temperate zone, on this northern continent, there is scarcely a nation or an empire, ancient or modern, that can sustain a comparison. To a climate adapted to every production that courts the equatorial sun, or the polar cold, is added a readiness of intercourse with other countries, and a facility of internal commerce unparalleled in any other region of the globe. Nor are there wanting moral causes to give value and efficacy to their physical advantages. No people, covering the same territorial extent, and variety of climate, are so uniform in language; so similar in their jurisprudence; so analogous in their moral, religious, and political habits; so secure from powerful, and invidious neighbors. With these is connected the enjoyment of a liberty, unexampled in the history of the world; a liberty, at once too precious to be abused, and too magnificent not to command a willing and universal attachment.
The tranquility, the order, and the happiness of mankind, seem indeed to depend on the existence of large and powerful empires. The inhabitants of a great continent, split into small nations, and petty sovereignties, not only become the victims of their own passions; but present temptations, too operative on the cupidity of powerful neighbors, to be suffered to remain in tranquility. If tyranny is established, she holds an iron rod; and, where liberty may exist, her reign is too precarious and fleeting to make any permanent addition to the felicity of the human race.
A great nation, separated from us only by the immense sea whose mighty waves roll between us, presents herself on the oriental coast of the opposing hemisphere; a nation which has outlived the storm of every revolution, and whose gigantic head hides itself in the clouds of impenetrable antiquity. Whatever opinions we may be disposed to entertain of the political institutions of China, a country of which we know so little in detail, it is certain that an admirable order, economy, and benevo-
lence characterize her administration. In the attribute of steadiness in government she is unrivalled by any nation. Proud in her superior civilization, she enjoys, in serene triumph, a majestic seclusion from the petty contentions of a surrounding and barbarous world.
Another great nation, and separated from us only by another magnificent ocean, occupies the western coast of the same hemisphere; a nation whose painful parturition may be said to have been long protracted, and which, in the short period of her political regeneration, has traversed, and recrossed, with fatal rapidity, the path from monarchy to republicanism, and from republicanism to monarchy; a nation, which imbibing many of her political principles from us, has appalled America in the application she has made of them. Whatever may be her future revolutions, or form of government, it is probable that France will always be the pre-eminent country of Europe, and that her name will continue dear to science, and to the arts.
The mind that overlooking the countries we intervene, and the peculiarities of our situation, is desirous of the establishment of a number of independent sovereignties, and nations, on this northern continent, has taken, perhaps, an imperfect view of the great and durable sources of our national happiness.
Shall our fertile, and at present peaceful continent, present only a theatre for acting over again the terrible atrocities, which in every direction, and in every age, have ensanguined the plains of the eastern hemisphere? Are mankind to be eternally the sport of the unbounded ambition of individuals; or of their own unlicensed and destructive passions? Must the garments of liberty forever be dyed in blood; and shall the languishing spirit of humanity never find a region of rest?
The tranquility of our citizens, the permanence of our liberties, the beauties of our social system, the vigor of our republican institutions, depend on the preservation of a large and powerful empire on this continent; an empire, too powerful to fear foreign enemy, too large to be the sport of local faction; an empire, capable of concentrating its energies, and of directing them by a single impulse.
Under an equal & correct organization of our national government, & with domestic legislatures for local regulation, the geographical contents of our empire, ample even as they are already, are still capable of inconceivable extension. They seem to be susceptible of no other rational limitation than the possibility of a convenient assemblage of representatives, from the remotest extremities of the empire. In a country improved, and improving, as ours is, a journey of a hundred days brings the legislator, from the extremities of the continent, to the seat of the national government.
The durability of our union and government will probably however not be assailed on the legislative side. The construction of the legislative department is such as to secure it, in an eminent degree, the public confidence; and it is not in that quarter we need to indulge fears of the permanence of our union.
The first shock which our government must sustain, endangering its existence, or menacing its stability, must be derived from the executive department. It is here the storm will arise; and in this quarter may we expect the first blow to our union. It is here the mind of the patriot must dwell, with an anxious solicitude; and watch, with an unceasing vigilance. Happy will it be for America, if, foreseeing, with her usual prudence, her dangers at a distance, she neglects not her protection from the violence of the tempest, until her exertions can no longer be availing!
The existing construction of the executive department of the government of the United States of America is perhaps not perfectly adapted to the tranquil and steady administration of the affairs of this growing and stupendous republic. Gradually must it become less so, as its population advances; and as its interests multiply.
The President of the U. States, during the term for which he is elected, is invested with the prerogatives of a monarch. These powers are almost too great to be exercised, with undeviating correctness, by any individual mind; however energetic, and however enlightened. On the choice of a successor, the nation is agitated to its remotest fibre; and to calculate, under these circumstances, on a uniform selection of talent and virtue, for a long course of time, would be to contradict the experience of mankind. Some unfortunate choice must unavoidably occur; and, by the imbecility, or vice, of one individual, the toils and the labors of preceding generations may be prostrated in dust.
The propriety of increasing the stability of the executive department of
our government, and of rendering it, as far as human nature will admit, exempt from the mutations incident to individual statesmen, or temporary party, is a subject by no means unworthy the intelligent mind of America.
To effect a deliberate and constitutional change in the construction of the executive department of the government of the United States; to transmit its authorities, from an individual character, to a permanent political body, suited to our national situation; is the object which will be attempted in this discussion.
The considerations which appear to operate in favor of vesting the executive authority of the nation in a permanent body, composed in a manner appropriated to our political circumstances, and of the construction designated in the Appendix, rather than in an individual character, according to the existing provisions of the constitution, will now be succinctly submitted.
In prosecuting the discussion no considerations that are local, or temporary, will find a reception. No personal reflection shall sully the page. An unqualified candor shall reign throughout; and no sentiment of my heart shall be withheld, or disguised.
I have acted without conadjutor. Where there is disapprobation its burthen ought to appertain only to myself. But I bear constantly in mind that I address a generous and enlightened people; and, fortified by that assurance, I alike dismiss all fear, and all reserve.
The first great consideration is derived from its analogy with the principles of republican government.
In examining the prominent distinctions between republican systems and monarchical institutions the great characteristic difference appears to consist in the empire of intellect. The influence of reason seems to be the great distinctive principle between popular and absolute governments.
In absolute governments the will of the prince rules, simply, because such is his will; and though it may be contrary to justice, to the public interest, or to a correct sense of his own, it is not the less to be obeyed.
In the one government, the will of him who administers the law is put for the law itself. In the other, the will of those who are the organs of administering the laws is merely the practical expression, and enforcement, of a principle, which the public reason has previously established.
In free governments the will of those who administer the laws is carried into execution, not simply because it is their will; but, because it is, or is presumed to be, the inference of reason, deduced from first principles, and applied to particular instances.
In order to give efficacy to the influence of reason, deliberation is necessary. He who acts alone is often exposed to error; and is not seldom liable to caprice. In the administration of public affairs the will of a single individual ought not, perhaps, to prevail, even where it is right. What is right in itself may be demonstrated to be so; and candid investigation is seldom attended with inutility to the imperfect mind of man.
Republics therefore generally repose all their great and responsible authorities in bodies of men, rather than in single men. Nor does it appear improper that they should do so. The fire of liberty burns with a brighter, and more elastic flame; and the practice seems to be in purer conformity with the theory of republican government.
(To be continued.)
LATE FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE.
Cadiz July 24.—With respect to our political situation I have only to say that the French, finding their force too much divided, have evacuated the north of Spain as far as Ferrol and have concentrated all their forces in the neighborhood of Madrid with a determination no doubt of waiting, united, the results of the campaign in Germany. The combined troops of England and Spain are, however, determined to bring them to action and it is expected at this every moment that a general action has taken place. The results are not so much dreaded. Should the French be worsted their army will be destroyed. Should the combined army meet any reverse on the road to their assistance the passes to this province are well guarded. It is reasonable to expect that if the Austrians hold out but a few months longer that there will not be a Frenchman in Spain except prisoners.
Seville July 20.—Last week Wellesley had an interview with Cuesta, in which they concerted a plan of operations.
Their army then consisted, agreeable to the best accounts of 53,000 infan-
try and 11,000 cavalry, to which may be added the reinforcement since arrived at Lisbon from about England, 8,000—the 57th regiment, from Gibraltar, & general Venegas's division of 26,000 men. Thus this army may be estimated at 100,000 men effective, in the following positions.
Venegas the right wing; Cuesta the centre, and sir A. Wellesley the left. Venegas advanced on the 18th and his advance posts were at Manzanares, Jayme and Solana, all on this side the Guadiana; Cuesta advanced on the 17th, and is said to be at Naval Moral and Wellesley near Talavera de la Reyna.
Thus we may hourly expect advice of a general action; prayers have been offered up at the cathedral, at which the Junta Central assisted to day in a body.
The French have concentrated their forces in the Mancha, Estremadura & upon the smallest computation I estimate that they have from 70 to 80,000 men, in a body, or in positions to co-operate together. 'Tis something very important may be expected to be the result and very shortly.
Gibraltar, July 26, 309.—The British expedition from Sicily, under general Sir John Stuart, has disembarked near Naples, and taken several places, among them Baida.
"The natives in great numbers were joining the British army."
[The force of this armament was stated in a former account, to amount to twenty-three thousand men.]
July 28.—All the news from the interior and the armies, is extremely gratifying—every thing goes on well.
Five American vessels, two of them belonging to Mr. Gray of Salem, have been taken under Moorish colors, and carried into Gibraltar.
POSTSCRIPT.
LATEST NEWS FROM ENGLAND.
New York, Aug. 15.
The fast sailing ship Russell, Allen, arrived at the Quarantine ground last evening, from Liverpool, which port she left on the third of Aug.
Capt. Allen informs, that the embargo in England was raised on the 29th July. The grand expedition, with about 90,000 troops on board, sailed on the 24th and 25th July, destined, as was supposed at Liverpool, for the coast of Holland.
The American government schooner Enterprise, had arrived at Texel.
Our London papers contain the late account of the battle on the Danube, between the French and Austrians, and the armistice as published in our paper some days since; and an extract from the 27th French bulletin to which the armistice is attached.
Capt. Allen has politely furnished the Editor of the Mercantile Advertiser with London papers to the 31st of July inclusive, Lloyd's List to the 21st, and Liverpool papers to the 2nd of Aug. from which we have made the following extracts.
Further extracts from our London papers shall be given to-morrow.
LONDON, JULY 28.
An article, dated from Petersburg on the 5th, states that an English squadron made its appearance between Hochland and Cronstadt, in presence of the Russian fleet, and that a naval engagement was expected. We think the expectation will not be disappointed. Letters from Petersburg of the 6th add, that the English squadron consisted of seven sail of the line and twenty other vessels—and that the Russians were alarmed for the safety of Cronstadt, our ships having evinced a disposition to bombard it.
Our Court Gazette contains what follows:
"Austria has asserted in her proclamations, that France looks in vain for assistance from her allies. If this observation should be applied to Russia, it will be a sufficient refutation to state, that on the 4th of June the head quarters of the Russian army were at Lublin."
Stockholm, July 7.—Major Arswedson has returned from his mission to the French Emperor, and has brought passports for a negotiator to proceed to Paris. Baron Von Essen is to be the ambassador.
Stralsund, July 15.—The French Baron Goudras, commanding here, has formally authorised an establishment of a communication between Sweden and the Continent, through this port.
FROM THE TWENTY-SEVEN BULLETIN.
Znaim, July 12.
On the 10th the Duke of Rivoli beat the rear guard of the enemy before Holsobrunn.
On the 11th, at noon, the Emperor arrived opposite Znaim. The battle had begun. The Duke of Ragusa had attacked the city, and the duke of Rivoli had taken the bridge and occupied the tobacco manufactory.
We took from the enemy in the different engagements on this day, 5000 men, 2 standards and 8 pieces of cannon.
The Emperor, informed that Prince John of Lichtenstein had entered our out posts, ordered the firing to cease. The annexed armistice was signed at the Prince of Naumburg's. Prince Lichtenstein was presented to the emperor, at two in the morning, in his tent.
[Here follows the Armistice already published in our paper.]
London, July 29.
Before the greater part of our readers will have received this day's Courier, the expedition will have reached the first point of its destination, and struck the first blow. The first and second divisions of the expedition sailed early yesterday morning, and were soon clear of the Downs. Admiral Orby, with the remaining division of the expedition, sailed at five this morning. In the meantime more horses, troops and artillery are embarking, and we have probably by this time, on the enemy's coast, the largest force that was ever sent from the British shores at one time; perhaps between 40 and 50,000 troops.
Three islands, at the mouth of the Scheldt, Cadzand, Walcheren and Schouwen. The possession of these islands is necessary to all future operations up the East and West Scheldt, and these, we may now say, it is the object of the three divisions of the expedition to attack in the first instance. Cadzand will probably be the first island attacked, because it commands the entrance of the West Scheldt, and will enable our ships to go up the river. The Marquis of Huntley's division of the 6th, 50th, 91st, 9th, 38th, and 42d regiments, will attack Cadzand. Cadzand is not strong on its Western side, but the enemy, we understand, have erected a mortar battery above Brecken.
With such a battery and flushing, the Scheldt may be in a great measure commanded. But it is probable that it is not intended to attack this battery in front, at least till after a landing has been effected in another part. The second division under the command of Sir John Hope, is destined for the Schouwen Island, and the North part of Walcheren.—Schouwen is necessary to secure the East Scheldt, and to put us in possession of North Beveland. The operations against Walcheren will be committed to sir Eyre Coote. Upon this subject, it is said, in a Morning paper, that "the enemy has already assembled 6000 troops in Walcheren, which it is supposed will be sufficient to cope with 30,000 assailants, placed as they are on terra firma, and provided with extensive redoubts and batteries. The town of Middleburg in the centre of the island, has had the pavement removed from the spacious squares within its walls, and the same industry has been employed at Flushing, to prevent the destruction of the garrison and inhabitants from the rebounding of the missiles, and from the fragments of stone in the case of bombardment."
We are glad to find that the enemy have no more than 6000 troops in Walcheren; but as to their being able to cope with 30,000 British troops, we have little doubt, ere a few hours have elapsed, that we shall find they have not been able to cope with a third of that number. Middleburg is not a place of any strength. Flushing is strong; and there may be some batteries on the Western coast of the Isle of Walcheren. But the valor, skill, and firmness of our troops, will soon overcome these obstacles.
What objects are in contemplation after the operations against Cadzand, Walcheren, and Schouwen, have been carried into effect, it would be at present improper to disclose.
Government had not, when our paper was put to press, received any account of the troops having disembarked.— Courier.
DIED—On Friday the 15th inst. Mr. JOHN DOYNE, long a resident of this City.
SOCIETY OF THE SONS OF ERIN.
A Quarterly Meeting of the Society of the Sons of Erin will be held at Rhodes's Hotel this Evening the 12th inst. at six o'clock, where the Members composing the same are respectfully requested to attend.
By Order of the President, H. WHETCROFT, Sec'y.
BANK OF COLUMBIA.
September 14, 1809.
The Board of Directors having this day declared a dividend for the half year ending the 20th inst. at the rate of Eight per cent per annum. The same will be paid to the Stockholders or their representatives on or after Wednesday next.
WILLIAM WHANN, Cash.
September 18—3w
NOTICE.
The subscriber has commenced the practice of the LAW, and opened an office in the town of Upper Marlborough, Prince George's county.
THOS. G. ADDISON
Aug. 30—cp5w.

A FARM TO LET. To let on shares, a Farm containing 61 acres, distant between 2 1/2 and 3 miles from the Centre Market House in this city. The situation very healthy. A person possessing knowledge of Gardening and Fruit culture would be preferred. Apply to JAMES HOBAN.
VALUABLE FARM FOR SALE. Will sell the tract of land on which I reside, called BUSSARD ISLAND, lying on Patuxent River, in Calvert county, and directly opposite to Benedict, containing by estimation, seven hundred three, and a quarter acres of as fertile land as can be found in the state of Maryland, one third of which is in wood and very heavily timbered, and as well watered for the convenience of stock as any tract of its size in the state. The main part of the plantation is level and much of it covered with oyster shells, and is divided into three fields, each of which will produce two hundred barrels of corn with a reserve of prime tobacco land sufficient to grow fifty bushels of tobacco annually, and with very little labor more manure may be reclaimed than will be found sufficient. No land can be better adapted to the growth of corn, tobacco and wheat, and few plantations hold out stronger inducements to stimulate an industrious man. It binds for a considerable distance on the river & lies nearly in a square. Fish, oysters, and wild fowl are to be had at all times. Stock of every description, particularly sheep, can be improved wonderfully when removed to this land, a convincing proof of the nutritious quality of the grass, which it produces in great abundance. The improvements are sufficient to accommodate a small family. A more particular description is not necessary, a purchaser will naturally view the premises. My price for the above tract of land is sixteen thousand dollars—one sixth part of the purchase money to be paid on the day of possession, and the balance in five equal annual payments, with interest from the day of sale. I will sell at public sale on the 20th December next, in the town of Upper Marlborough, all the personal estate on the above premises, consisting of a number of valuable negroes, horses, mules, cattle, sheep & hogs, plantation utensils, household and kitchen furniture on a credit of twelve months, the purchaser giving bond with approved security; for all sums under $20 cash will be required. N.B. If the above tract of land is not disposed of, it will be for rent the ensuing year. RICHARD W. HARWOOD. Sept. 1—1-20 Dec.
PRINCIPAL OF AN ACADEMY AND PASTOR WANTED. THE Rev. W. L. TURNER, Principal of the Raleigh Academy, and Pastor of the city, having signified his intention of resigning his situation at the close of the present session, the Trustees of the Academy and the inhabitants of the city are desirous of procuring a suitable character to supply his place. To a Clergyman of finished education and unexceptionable moral character, a liberal salary will be given, or the whole profits of the Academy (after paying the Assistant Teachers) with a handsome subscription from the inhabitants of the city and neighborhood, for his services as a Preacher. This Academy has at present one hundred and fifty students, about sixty of which are females, principally in the care of a female teacher, under the superintendence of the principal of the academy (taught in separate buildings erected for the purpose on a four-acre square of the city, granted to the trustees by the Legislature) and the number of students heretofore has annually increased. Raleigh being the seat of government of North Carolina, a very healthy and pleasant situation, in the hilly country, containing a moral and respectable society, where every necessary of life can be had in plenty on reasonable terms, and where most of the principal inhabitants are guardians of the academy, it is presumed that this seminary will always have a preference to any other academy in the southern states. A Lady, of talents and acquirements equal to the undertaking, is also wanted to take charge of the Female Department of the Academy; and a Young Gentleman, suitably qualified, as an Assistant Teacher of the Latin and Greek Languages, &c. Applications for any of these situations, made to the Trustees of the Raleigh Academy, by letter, post paid, will be duly attended to, and immediately answered, and such further information given as may be required. N. JONES, President. Sept. 6—3w.
NOTICE TO COTTON SPINNERS. THE Manufacturing Company of the city of Washington, have erected a machine for carding Cotton on Pennsylvania Avenue, fourth house west of President's Square, where Spinners can be supplied with good Cotton, soaped, cleaned and carded into rolls 24 inches long, for 40 cents per pound. I want a good Weaver (of Cotton goods,) to whom constant employment will be given, or a Family accustomed to Carding, Spinning by Billies and Jennies, and Weaving. Also, three Spindles, viz. one to work a carding machine, one to do house work, and a girl to attend children—Should prefer those from the country. J. GARDINER, Superintendent. Pennsylvania Avenue, August 22, 1809. FIVE DOLLARS REWARD. STRAYED or Stolen, about a month since, from the Commons in the Western part of this city, a Bay Horse, six years old, about 14 hands 1 inch high, a natural trotter, short made, shod before, white blind feet, and a few saddle marks. Whoever will return said Horse to the Subscriber near R street, shall be entitled to the above Reward, with reasonable charges. O. B. BROWN. August 21—3t.
FOR SALE WITHOUT RESERVE. ON Monday the 18th inst. at Bladé's Hotel, Pennsylvania Avenue, the two Brick Stores adjoining the Seven Buildings—two Lots in square 119—one to do being the entire east front of square 222, and two do. in square 378, contiguous to Messrs. Wray's Buildings. The whole is in fine simple, clear of every incumbrance, and the terms liberal, which will be made known at the time of sale, to commence at 3 o'clock P. M. by SAMUEL SPEARE, Auc. Sept. 13—1s.
TWENTY DOLLARS REWARD. ABSCONDED on the 21st of July last, from the subscriber, (manager at the farm of Mr. Isaac Duckett, on South river, near Annapolis) a Negro TOM, a small black fellow, lost the sight of one eye. Had on when he absconded, osnaburg shirt and trousers. Any person taking up said Negro and bringing him to the subscriber, or securing him in jail, so that I get him again, shall receive the above reward. This Negro was purchased of Capt. J. S. Brooks about five years since; it is probable he may be in the neighborhood of Upper Marlborough. HENRY BASFORD. August 7—tf.
TO EXCHANGE. FOR Land in this neighborhood or property in Washington, my House on Prince Street, substantially built of brick, 22 feet front, & three stories high. Its nearness to the wharf, and most commercial part of the river, affords many advantages for a store or warehouse. Apply on the premises to Dr. CHARLES DOUGLAS, Alex'r. Sept. 13—7t.
CITY PROPERTY FOR SALE. THE subscriber offers for sale that valuable Lot No. 19, in square No. 345, running back 92 feet, together with the improvements thereon, consisting of two one and a half story frame houses and kitchens. This property will be sold far below its value for cash if applied for previous to the first day of October next, if not, it then will be sold at public auction. This property now rents for $130 per annum, from its being situated near the navy yard. It is supposed its value will increase. JOSEPH CASSIN, near the Navy Yard Gate, Washington City. Sept. 13—1s.
IN COUNCIL. Annapolis, June 26, 1809. ORDERED, that the act, entitled, An act to alter the thirty-second and thirty-seventh Articles of the constitution and Form of Government, be published twice in each week, for the space of three months, in the American and Federal Gazette, at Baltimore, the Maryland Gazette, and Maryland Republican, at Annapolis, the National Intelligencer, the Easton Star, Mr. Grieve's paper at Hagerstown, and Mr. Bartgis's paper at Fredericktown. By order, NINIAN PINKNEY, Clerk of the Council.
AN ACT To alter the thirty-second and thirty-seventh Articles of the Constitution and Form of Government. BE it enacted, by the General Assembly of Maryland, That hereafter, upon the death, resignation or removal out of this state, of the governor, it shall not be necessary to call a meeting of the legislature to fill the vacancy occasioned thereby, but the first named of the Council for the time being shall qualify and act as governor until the next meeting of the general assembly, at which meeting a governor shall be chosen in the manner heretofore appointed and directed. And be it enacted, That hereafter no governor shall be capable of holding any other office of profit during the time for which he shall be elected. And be it enacted, That so much of the thirty-second and thirty-seventh articles of the constitution and form of government as is repugnant to, or inconsistent with, the provisions of this act, be and the same is hereby abrogated and abolished. And be it enacted, That if this act shall be confirmed by the general assembly, after the next election of delegates, in the first session after such new election as the constitution and form of government directs, that in such case this act and the alteration and amendment of the constitution and form of government therein contained, shall be taken and considered, and shall constitute and be valid, as a part of the said constitution and form of government any thing therein contained to the contrary notwithstanding. July 3—taw3m.
EDUCATION. THE Rev. WALTER D. ADDISON of Georgetown, District of Columbia will board and instruct in the Latin and Greek Languages, Reading, Writing and Arithmetic, a few more Young Gentlemen, at sixty-five pounds per annum, payable quarterly in advance. Letters addressed to him at this place will be attended to. Georgetown, August 21—2awtf.
NOTICE. ON Thursday the 21st inst. will be disposed of at Public Sale a variety of fashionable, elegant & valuable House & Kitchen furniture: also a Library of well chosen books, consisting of Law, History and Belles Lettres. Judiciously selected, belonging to the estate of late Allen B. Duckett, Esq. The Sale will commence at ten o'clock in the forenoon and continue until the whole shall be sold at the house of Mr. Peter, near the lower bridge on Rock Creek, where Mr. Duckett resided. The terms are—for all sums under twenty dollars the cash must be paid; above that limitation, six months credit will be given, the purchasers executing notes with approved security bearing interest negotiable at the bank of Columbia, or office of Discount and Deposit in this City. N. L. & H. M. QUEEN, Auct. Washington, Sept. 15—3t.
STRAY HORSES. Came to the Subscriber's Plantation, in Montgomery County, near the Great Falls of Potomac 2 Strays, one a SORREL GELDING, about nine or ten years old, about fifteen and a half hands high, four white feet, and a blaze on his forehead, trots and canters; the other a BROWN MARE, about fourteen hands high, three or four years old, four white feet, and a blaze on her forehead, trots and canters. HENRY ROBERTS. Sept. 13—3t.
THIS IS TO GIVE NOTICE, THAT the subscribers had obtained from the Orphans' Court of Prince George's county, Maryland, letters of administration on the personal estate of NATHANIEL NEWTON, late of the said county, deceased. All persons having claims against the said estate, are hereby warned to present the same, with the vouchers thereof, to the subscribers on or before the 10th day of March next, they may otherwise by law be excluded from all benefit of said estate. Given under our hands this 4th day of September, 1809. WM. MARBURY, } Administrators. JOSEPH N. BURCH, } Executors. All persons indebted to the said estate, are requested to make payment without delay. Sept. 6—w6w.
LANDS IN THE STATE OF OHIO AND KENTUCKY FOR SALE. BY Virtue of the Last Will and Testament of Robert Means, deceased, the subscriber offers for sale, all the Lands of the testator in the states of Ohio & Kentucky. As there is a large quantity of these Lands, and the quality in general good, they are well worth the attention of all persons desirous of purchasing Lands in those parts of the country. The tracts are of various sizes, and consequently calculated to suit purchasers of all descriptions. Further information respecting the said Lands may be obtained from Mr. Walter Dun, residing in, or near the town of Chillicothe in the State of Ohio. DANIEL CALL, Executor of the last will & testament of Robert Means, dec'd. Richmond, July 19—tf.
A VALUABLE FARM FOR SALE. Will be sold impurchase of the last Will and Testament of Samuel Turner, Esq., deceased, at Public Sale on the premises on the 13th day of November next (if not previously disposed of, and in case of sale notice will be given) that very valuable Farm in Montgomery county late the residence of the said deceased; containing about Seven Hundred Acres of Land, Three Hundred Acres at least in wood and fine timber; the residue under good enclosures and every acre arable; lays level and remarkably well for cultivation and may be made very rich in a few years by the use of plaster and clover; in fact, it is as desirable a farm as any in the county of its size and may be very conveniently divided to accommodate purchasers; it lies about 15 miles from Georgetown and the city of Washington, five from Montgomery court house and within three miles of the Potomac River. A further description is deemed unnecessary, as it is presumed that those inclined to purchase will view the property. The terms of sale, which will be accommodating, may be known by applying to the subscribers living in Georgetown, district of Columbia, or will be made known on the day of sale. THO. TURNER, } Executors. SAML. TURNER, } July 28—tdos.
PATENT KNAPSACKS. THE Subscriber having obtained from the United States, a patent for an improved KNAPSACK, which in point of durability and convenience, has been pronounced by the best judges infinitely superior to any hitherto in use. The officers of the different volunteer companies in the United States, are respectfully solicited to adopt them. They may be had in any quantity, and will be sold on the most reasonable terms by JOHN P. LHERBETTE, 31, Maiden Lane, New-York. To whom applications addressed by post may be made, or to B. H. Latrobe, at the city of Washington. May 19—ep4m.
By Montgomery county, Orphans' Court, August 16, 1809. ORDERED by the court that the executors of Samuel Turner late of Montgomery county, deceased, give the notice required by law for the creditors of the said deceased to exhibit their claims and that the notice be given in the National Intelligencer, city of Washington. Test SOLOMON HOLLAND, Reg. THIS is to give notice that the Subscribers of Georgetown and District of Columbia, have obtained from the Orphans Court of Montgomery county Maryland, Letters Testamentary on the Personal Estate of Samuel Turner, late of Montgomery county deceased—all persons having claims against the said deceased are hereby warned to exhibit the same with the vouchers thereof to the subscribers, at or before the 21st day of February next, they may otherwise by law be excluded from all benefit of the said estate. Given under our hands this 21st day of August 1809. THOS. TURNER, } Executors. SAML. TURNER, } August 21—4w.
MONEY LOST. ABOUT the 20th of July last, a Letter containing two bank notes of one hundred dollars each, was put into the Post office at Winchester, directed to Joseph Tanney, Alexandria, which letter has not been received, and is supposed to have been (by mistake) put under a wrong cover, or may have been misdirected, and gone to a post-office different from that to which it was intended to be sent. It is therefore requested of the different post masters throughout the U. S. if any letter directed to Joseph Tanney, should come under their notice, that they send the same either to him, or to the subscriber. If the letter has in any way fallen into private hands, I will give fifty dollars reward for the money and no questions asked. DANIEL LEE. Winchester, Sept. 4—4f.
CHARLES J. NOUTSE Offers for sale—Chateaux Margaux Claret in boxes of 1 dozen. Genuine Old London Particular wine in half pipes and quarter casks. Best Salad Oil in baskets of 6 bottles each, 55c, 55c, 55c. George Town, May 24—tf.
THIS IS TO GIVE NOTICE, THAT the subscribers had obtained from the Orphans' Court of Prince George's county, Maryland, letters of administration on the personal estate of NATHANIEL NEWTON, late of the said county, deceased. All persons having claims against the said estate, are hereby warned to present the same, with the vouchers thereof, to the subscribers on or before the 10th day of March next, they may otherwise by law be excluded from all benefit of said estate. Given under our hands this 4th day of September, 1809. WM. MARBURY, } Administrators. JOSEPH N. BURCH, } Executors. All persons indebted to the said estate, are requested to make payment without delay. Sept. 6—w6w.
THE SUBSCRIBER, Having invented an improved STUCCO, or Perugious Calcareous Cement , intended as a covering for upright walls, offers the same to public notice. It resembles stone, and in a very few days after it has been applied to a wall, it possesses a firmness as durable as stone itself. Rain, wind or frost will not injure it, but rather accelerate the hardness of its texture. The inventor will at present rely on its real merit to bring it into use; and, that it may appear he is not painting an indifferent or useless article on the public, he deems it highly essential to the character of his stucco, to publish the following paragraphs contained in a letter he had the satisfaction to receive from B. H. Latrobe, Esq., Surveyor of the Public Buildings of the U. S. who has taken the trouble to examine its properties and give his opinion upon it. B. H. LATROBE, Esq. to HENRY HORT, dated, "Washington, Aug. 25, 1809" "Dear Sir, "I have examined carefully the three specimens of calcareous cement, which you have sent me, and considered the ingredients of which they are composed. There is no doubt in my mind, that for the purpose of building and incrusting walls, calcareous cements are the only ones on which dependence can be placed in our climate, and your composition, if carefully prepared, and of good materials, has certainly all the principles from which durability must result." In another part of his letter, Mr. Latrobe observes— "Your other ingredients add undoubtedly to the durability of the Stucco, and among them, I do not know of one which is not advantageously employed." "Your's truly, (Signed) "B. H. LATROBE."
If any person of respectability is disposed to join with the inventor in the undertaking, and by an advance of funds promote its utility, such person will be received as a participant in the profits: and, should a patent be taken out, become a sharer in the right according to agreement. In the mean time a proper agent will be selected to superintend the fidelity of its application, if used within the district of Columbia, or at a moderate distance therefrom: and, that the more remote parts of the country may partake of the advantages of this Stucco, the principal ingredients will be prepared with written directions as a guide for its use. Its qualities are, that it prevents the decay of old walls, gives them a new and handsome appearance, and will insure durability to new buildings, as well as secure them from leaking through walls, if any defect is in the original workmanship or materials. Letters post paid, addressed to the subscriber in the City of Washington, will receive immediate attention. HENRY HORT. Washington, Sept. 6—7t. Printers in commercial towns are requested to give the above a few insertions in their papers.
EIGHTY DOLLARS REWARD. RUNAWAY from the subscriber on the 5th inst. a mulatto lad—JIM—who is about seventeen years of age, he has straight black hair, lately cut, and black eyes. He had on when he absconded from me, a short blue kersey jacket and blue pantaloons patched with white, a large pair of laced shoes, an old hat, osnaburg shirt, with an old handkerchief round his neck—he has a father living in the city of Washington, near the navy yard, by the name of George, or George Beall, who served his time with Mr. John Addison, Jun., and a mother by the name of Sophy, who I sold to her husband a few years past, and expect he will make to them or probably to Baltimore as he has some friends and relations there also. I will give forty dollars for securing said lad in jail so that I get him again, or the above reward if taken out of the district of Columbia or state of Maryland. RACHEL PRATT, Prince George's County, June 18th, 1809. June 19—3w&3f.
SAMUEL BROOK, HAS imported thirty-five Bales of coarse and fine Plains and Kerseys which are for Sale at Thomas C. Wright's in Geo. Town. Sept. 15—9t.
THE Creditors of Stoughton Edwards, late of St. Mary's county, deceased, are requested to attend at the office of James Forrest, Esq. in Leonard Town, on Wednesday the 18th day of October next, where dividends will be made of the money in hand. JOSEPH EDWARDS, adm'r. Sept. 15—w3l.
A GREAT BARGAIN OFFERED FOR fourteen thousand dollars. I will sell seven hundred acres of Rich Land lying in Calvert county, State of Maryland, beautifully situated on the banks of the river Patuxent and Saint Leonard's Creek, within one easy day's sail of the Baltimore market, and four miles from Saint Leonard's Town post-office. This Land has on it a commodious two story brick mansion house, lately erected, of the very best materials, with a dry cellar under the whole house, eight good rooms and a large garret—also, kitchen, corn house, stables, two very large barns and many other out-houses all in good repair, and would divide very handsomely into two farms. The soil is equal to any in the state for the culture of Indian corn, tobacco, wheat and clover, and no farm on the river can boast of more constant running springs of water, or better grazing land—about four hundred acres are the most valuable kind of low grounds on the river, the remainder is wavy high land, very productive, on which stands a plentiful supply of fine red cedar for fencing, oak, hickory and pine for firewood. The waters here abound in the best of oysters, fish, and wild-fowl—the neighborhood is healthy, centred, and agreeable—I will sell the growing crop on the land, furnish hands, &c. to finish the same—also, a good stock of black cattle, horses, sheep and hogs—and give a long credit on two thirds of the purchase money, the interest to be paid annually—the remaining third part thereof must be cash—possession may be had immediately. HENRY GARDINER. St. Leonard's, Calvert County, July 24—w6
PROSPECTUS OF A NEW REPUBLICAN NEWSPAPER, To be established in Fredericktown, Maryland "THE FREEMAN OF FREDERICK."
FINIS GORDON, Offic. The support of the united republican interest of Frederick county and the state at large is solicited in favor of a decided, independent and inflexible Democratic press, conducted upon the broad and liberal basis of republicanism. In this county most particularly, the utility of, and even necessity for, a new paper which, combining energy with perseverance and intelligence, with application, shall constitute a faithful auxiliary to the Republican phalanx, must appear manifest to every friend of sound principles. To enable an Editor, therefore, satisfactorily to consummate the views of such an engagement, it is highly important, in dispensable, that such patronage be yielded, as shall secure him from pecuniary embarrassment, and afford him, at the same time, a certain recompence for the toil he must sustain, and the sacrifices of time and comforts, which it will become his duty to make, to his friends, and to the principles he binds himself to cherish and promote.—That support, he confidently believes, will be awarded him. He predicates this confidence upon the patriotism and liberality of the republicans of this county, manifested in more than one instance, on similar occasions. But, as he who proposes to be your Editor, is yet a stranger in the county; and as some anxiety will naturally be excited, and enquiry made, as well in regard to his political as to his moral character—and as an unreserved announcement of the leading features of the proposed establishment, independent of the sanction of custom which it bears, may materially subserve the plan in view, he here submits them, undigested and palpable. The Editor is a native American, proud and tenacious of his birth-right—who, since reason adjusted the balance of his mind, has ever been devotedly attached to the honest cause of republicanism—to the policy which dictated the measures of the past & present administration of the general government—to a pure system of democracy; and to the sacred and immutable principles which actuated the patriots and sages of our revolution, and stimulated by which they achieved that independence which too many of their unworthy descendants enjoy but to abuse!
Professing sentiments and feelings such as these, it were idle waste of words to declare what shall be the bias of "The Freeman," was it not the earnest desire of the Editor to leave no room for doubt on even the most immaterial point. It will, however, be sufficient in this place to state, that, to detect and to correct error—to defeat the machinations of ambitious and restless spirits—to inculcate the great and sublime tenets of republicanism—and to diffuse throughout the sphere in which it is destined to move, a thorough and correct knowledge of men and measures—is the primary and chief design of this establishment. But let it be distinctly understood, that, so long as the Editor shall have power to resist, so long will he repel all undue influence, as an encroachment on the prerogatives of his station—and never, whilst under his charge, shall "The Freeman" be subject to any authority or control in its plan as a public journal, save the authority of the laws, and the individual control of the Editor—aided, and decorum—with such aids, in a just cause, much may be expected, and more may be done.
Having rehearsed the chief points of his creed, and having likewise explained in a summary way, the thing contemplated, the Editor deems it useless to enlarge upon the feasibility or merits of the undertaking, or to multiply professions—willing to rest the purity and success of his views upon the judgment and liberality of the independent voters of the county—and remains amply satisfied, that they will come forward nobly in support of an institution which promises to be of much immediate consequence in promoting that cause which every friend to the freedom of his country is in duty bound to support. SAMUEL MAGILL.
TERMS OF PUBLICATION. "The Freeman of Frederick," will be issued every Thursday evening to subscribers in town; those at a distance will receive it through the customary channels. Subscription per year, two DOLLARS—one half in advance, the other in six months. During the month of September, in each year, the paper will be published twice a week free of extra expence. The paper will commence early in the month of September. Sept. 4—
THIS IS TO GIVE NOTICE, THAT the subscriber of Worcester county, Md., hath obtained from the Prerogative Court of Worcester county in Maryland, Letters of Administration on the personal estate of John Cutler late of Worcester county, deceased.—All persons having claims against the said deceased, are hereby warned to exhibit the same with the vouchers thereof to the Subscriber, at or before the 1st day of April next, or they may by law be excluded from all benefit of the said estate. Given under my hand this 22d day of August, Anno Domini, 1809. ROWLAND E. BEYANS, Adm'r. of John Cutler, deceased. September 6—2ov5w.
A RUNAWAY. COMMITTED to my custody as a Runaway, a Negro Lad named DICK, about 15 or 16 years of age, 5 feet 4 or 5 inches high, who says that he is the property of a Mr. Parton of Alexandria (District of Col.) He is marked with scars on his back, breast and chin, as from a recent whipping. Is clothed in an osnaburg shirt and trousers, white cloth jacket & an old wool hat. His owner is desired to take him away, or he will be sold for his prison fees, &c. according to law. J. MCCENEY, Sheriff of Frederick County, Md. Annapolis, Sept. 13—5w.