The national intelligencer and Washington advertiser. (Washington City [D.C.]), 1806-09-17 00:00:00

NATIONAL INTELLIGENCER, AND WASHINGTON ADVERTISER.
Vol. VI. WASHINGTON CITY, PRINTED BY SAMUEL HARRISON SMITH, PENNSYLVANIA AVENUE. No. DCCCCXXV.
FIVE DOLLARS PER ANNUM.
WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 17, 1806.
PAID IN ADVANCE.
National Intelligencer.
FROM THE AURORA.
POLITICAL VIEWS.
No. VIII. CONCLUDED.
COMMERCE OF THE LEVANT.
The trade in clocks and watches was beyond belief great, in the Levant; and the English possessed the market in the greatest proportion. There were sold annually at Salonica thirty dozen of watches, at Constantinople 300 dozen, in Syria 400 dozen, and in Egypt 250 dozen; and from the prices of an average unlike the fine arms of Brescia, they must have been of the good kind, the average being from 50 to 150 dollars, this trade alone yielded to England a million of dollars a year; they are made for the market with dial plates suited to the country, and with triple cases, the outer of tortoise shell; the two inner cases of silver; gold watches not being in request. The principal competitors of the English were the Genoese, who having become their competitors all over the world this article, may be presumed not to neglect a market so productive, and which had doubled in fifty years, and it is probable will increase, for wherever civilization is, time is a precious article ; and though the Turks may not be our equals in the cultivation of the arts and the application of time, yet as they pray at five stated times every day, watches must be both necessary and economical. In the numerous articles of silk manufacture the Italians carry on an immense trade in Greece and Turkey, and they have maintained it against all competition from the reign of Mahomed II. in 1453, when the arts were banished from Greece to Italy, and took refuge under the house of Medici. The celebrated Florentine satins of all colors, the Florentine tafetas, and Mantuan silks, known by the name of Maulni, the damasks of Genoa, which with gold fringe, form the furniture of the Turkish apartments, the coverings of sofas and the hangings of their arcades; the silk gauzes of Bologna and Venice; the gailons and embroideries which go into the composition of scarfs and turbans, and these square and oblong pieces of ornamental dress which are (improperly, because it is the peculiar name of the Cashmere garment) called shawls; but the manufactures of Lyons, before the revolution, had entered into a formidable competition with the silk manufactures of Italy; the workmanship of Lyons was superior to all but the satins of Florence and the Genoese damasks, to which nothing can be superior of the kind. In the commerce of silk England has no other part but in the raw article which she carries from Smyrna, and upon which until the operations were made from China, the English silk manufacture wholly depended.
The velvets of Italy properly belong to this branch—those of Genoa, Lucca, and Pisa, surpass the whole world; the velvets of these cities are lighter, closer in grain, softer, have a brighter lustre than any others, their colors have never been equalled, though various efforts have been made in France and in England to rival them; the Italian velvets are beside cheaper than the inferior velvets of other countries. Fagon, a celebrated Lyonnese manufacturer, said, that if they could equal the velvets and damasks of Genoa, it would be necessary to build another city along side the old one. The home consumption of velvets in France before the revolution, amounted to a million of dollars, and the magnificence of the French imperial court, appears to portend extravagance in dress equal to any former period. The sale of velvets in the Levant, amounts annually to 400,000 dollars. The competition of the Russians in the Levant, in the articles of velvet and other silks, with the south of Europe, is a circumstance so curious that we passed the general trade of Russia over in our review, in order that we might pursue the general trade which differs from all the rest of Europe, after we had touched this branch in which they are rivals. The Russian empire furnishes silk of every kind; tafetas, gauzes, gailons, Persians, gold thread and gold lace; there come also velvets, and which approach the execution of the Genoese, closer than those of any other nation. Russia owes these riches of commerce to her inroads on the borders of the Caspian, and the looms of Tiflis and the whole range to the borders of Hindo-tan may be said to furnish the resources. The silks of Cassan, Astrachan, Chulan and Mazanderan, which formerly found their way by the caravans of Bezerra and Tiflis to Smyrna, have latterly found their way by Russia, and in their manufactured state by the Danube and the Euxine to Constantinople. The goods deposited at the capital entered the Levant, other portions passed it to Romelia by the provinces of Wallachia & Moldavia, & so south of the Danube by the markets of Selina and Ozongovia. But let it be observed the Greeks are the sole agents in this commerce. The Russians are too stupid to take any part in it. The Russian trade in silks and velvets
in the Levant, is computed at 60,000 dollars.
Furs are the chief staple of the Russian commerce in the Levant, as well in Greece as in the whole of the Turkish empire. The various articles of this commerce would require a separate essay, and they are sufficiently familiar to us, to render a detail unnecessary, at the same time that this article does not come within the scope of our immediate discussion, there being no competition in these articles with the nations of Europe. The fur trade of Turkey yields annually about $60,000 dollars.
These outlines might be extended to a multitude of particulars, in the vast range of commerce; but as our views have been rather confined to the demonstration of truths, which, though existing, have either not been generally known, or not duly appreciated, we consider what we have stated as sufficiently full and decisive on the subject. There is one simple view which we shall however add—the French commerce in the Levant, was at its most prosperous height at the commencement of the revolution, or rather between the years 1785 and 1791—the aggregate of the French imports and exports in 1782 was 43,000,000 of livres, or 12,000,000 of dollars—in 1790 it rose to 70,000,000 of livres, or 18,000,000 of dollars. In the year 1763, under the ministry of Colbert, it was only 3,700,000 livres, or short of 1,000,000 dollars.
Will the sagacious men who rule France, and who have left all the politicians and statesmen that have hitherto existed in the background, will they advise adventures in search of imaginary windmills on this side of the Atlantic, while they have at their doors losses to retrieve, rivals to counteract, means to consolidate and secure the whole commerce of the Levant. Those who indulge in such reveries, may reconcile them to their sick or wayward fancies. We cannot reject reason and the evidence of our senses—out of complacency to the chimeras of great and small men who occupy high places.
Foreign Intelligence.
STRALSUND, JUNE 27.
The circumstances in which we find ourselves, and particularly the rising of the Pomeranian militia, in consequence of the difficulties which this measure has encountered, have produced a change of the government and constitution of the country. The king of Sweden, believing that he had reason to complain of the conduct of the Regency and States of Upper Pomerania on this occasion, has not only declared these authorities dissolved, but has, at the same time, annulled the constitution which governed the German states of his majesty.
The king, after having pronounced this dissolution of the said bodies, and abrogated the Pomeranian constitution, has decreed, that his German possessions shall be governed by the laws in force in the kingdom of Sweden, and that the Pomeranian and Swedes shall henceforth form one people.
These political changes have commenced by the deposition of the members of the Regency of the Duchy, who have been deprived of their functions by a royal order of the 18th inst. This order contained in a letter, addressed on the same day, by his majesty to the governor general, Baron d'Essen, was publicly communicated next day by the governor to the members of the Regency. The military chief of Swedish Pomerania, conformably to the ulterior pleasure of the king, has, at the same time, assumed the civil government of this province. Two days after, he addressed the following proclamation to the inhabitants:—
By order of his Majesty the King of Sweden, J. Jean Henri Baron d'Essen, makes known, &c.
"His majesty my gracious king and sovereign, having condescended to appoint me to cause to be published, a general proclamation relative to the suppression of the Pomeranian Regency, that I may fulfil this order, I make known to all the inhabitants that his majesty has informed me, by a letter of the 18th inst. that he learned, with surprise and displeasure, that, during the deliberations which lately took place on the subject of the appeal intimated by the states against the organization of a provincial militia in Pomerania, the major part of the members of the Regency were chargeable with a culpable disobedience, in completely departing from the order prescribed by his majesty; that his majesty the king, in order to prevent similar scenes from being renewed in future, has judged it proper to dissolve the Pomeranian Regency and to charge me, in consequence, with the sole execution of his orders, in future, throughout all his German states. The aforesaid letter of his majesty was publicly read on the 19th inst. in presence of the ci-devant members of the Regency; their functions immediately ceased."
"In virtue of the powers with which his majesty the king has invested me, in the manner aforesaid, I give public notice to all the inhabitants of Pomerania,
that they conform themselves to this royal ordinance, and, in consequence, address to me all those papers which would formerly have been presented to the ci-devant Regency, but to me, notwithstanding, duplicates to the archives of that Regency."
"Done in the Fortress of Stralsund, June 21."
(Signed) "BARON D'ESSEN, "J. C. SINNIG."
The Regency of the country being deposed, and the military governor already in possession of his functions, his majesty, on the 26th of June, addressed a second letter to him, by which his majesty abolished the constitution, and dissolved the states of the Province, in order that they should be replaced by the laws and the constitutional authorities of Sweden. Here follows the letter, which put the last hand to these remarkable changes, and which has been published entire:
"With concern we have long since perceived, that all the pain and solicitude that we have been engaged in for the prosperity of our faithful Pomeranian subjects, have met with unexpected difficulties in their execution; which have either prevented the fulfilment of our benevolent views, or retarded their effects by continual delays, and a recourse upon every occasion to ancient privileges. We are the more convinced of the imperfections of the present constitution, from the consideration of the rapid progress of industry, and the increase of population, in those countries where all those obstacles have ceased, which hitherto have deprived our German states of those sources of prosperity so necessary to a well organized state. We have lately had a fresh proof of the dangerous consequences of the present order of things; our order for raising the Pomeranian militia, in consequence of a very unsuitable interpretation, has been referred by the states to the examination of the tribunals of the empire, at a time when the enemy threatened the frontiers of the country."
"The consideration of these important motives—the late events which have occurred—and a desire to consolidate the security of the country, have reduced us to the necessity of declaring, that the constitution which has hitherto governed our German states do cease from this day; that the provincial states and councils are dissolved, and that all institutions relative thereto be abolished forever. But if, on the one hand, we have been forced to take this resolution, on the other we wish to prove, that our only design is to secure the future prosperity of our German subjects, and not to assume to ourselves oppressive rights; and of this we have thought that we could not give a more convincing proof than by introducing the Swedish constitution into our German states. As king of a free people, and as obeying only the law, we feel a particular pleasure in preparing a happier fate for our subjects of Pomerania and Rugen. Equal, both in respect of their duties to us, and their immunities and privileges; protected by just laws, they will no longer form a body separated from the Swedish people; but, will, on the contrary, enjoy in fraternal union the benefits of a constitution which has established, for ages, the security of that people."
"We ordain, by this act, that the constitution of the kingdom of Sweden of the 21st of August, 1772; the acts of union and of security of the 21st of Feb. and 3d of April 1739; the privileges and immunities granted to the four estates of Sweden, and the law of that kingdom, be in future the fundamental and constitutional laws of our German states. We ordain, that all the necessary dispositions be made to put this act into execution. On this occasion, we, however, declare, in the most solemn manner, to our Pomeranian subjects, that they shall never be subjected, either for the present or the future, to the payment of the debts of the kingdom of Sweden, or to the imports which have relation to it. Moreover, if any thing should occur with respect, pecuniarily and property, to Pomerania and Rugen, and on which conformably to the Swedish constitution, we ought to hear the humble supplications of the representatives of the country, we will convocate them in a general diet, in the country itself; this convocation, for which we shall give ulterior orders, shall be held without delay; and it will give satisfaction to our hearts, to see assembled round our throne a faithful people, who, no longer led astray by a complicated constitution, and fulfilling the duties of subjects, will second by their assistance, our paternal cares for their prosperity, in which we shall find our highest recompence."
"From the royal head quarters at Greifswald, June 26, 1806."
(Signed) "GUSTAVUS ADOLPHUS."
PARIS, JUNE 10.
One cannot read without great astonishment the speech of Mr. Fox delivered in the House of Commons in the debate of the 8th of May. This states-
man is too well informed of the causes of the influence which England acquired on the continent under the four last reigns; and of those which annihilated it under the reign of George III. he sees too clearly the situation and real means of England to be taxed with presumptuous ignorance. Are we then to conclude that he imposes on his own conscience; that he thus belies the idea he had given of his political wisdom, for the sole purpose of gaining the favour of the monarch and of expressing popular opinion by pretensions thenceforth chimerical. It is painful to presume so—but he forces us to suppose it.
Mr. Fox pretends to nothing less than restoring to England the influence she had in the affairs of the continent under King William III. and queen Anne. He announces that she cannot make peace if it be intended to reduce her to a mercantile power. This romance has already been answered in a manner to dispense us from returning to the same details. (See the note translated from the Moniteur ) Mr. Fox affects here not to be aware of the difference of the times, of the manners and of the events. The history of the last century will prove that English influence is of no benefit to the states which have submitted to it. What is become of all the princes whom England has successively protected? They have every one lost their crowns or beheld their power diminished! Are there then any who, after so many striking falls, can still rely on the good faith or on the power of England—supposing them to be possessed of the smallest honour and foresight?
The English minister expresses himself so ambiguously upon his projected continental operations, that it is extremely difficult to dive into either their means or their object. But in taking an engagement to carry on the war as long as he shall not have recovered the continental influence he speaks of, he expresses an idea much more ridiculous than those for which he has so often rallied his predecessors. He embraces with less means more gigantic projects. When Mr. Pitt spoke of curtailing the power of France, he held at least in his hand a treaty which assured him of the concurrence of Austria and Russia; and was still laboring with some hopes to mislead other potentates. He candidly acknowledged that without the assistance of both the coalesced powers, it would be vain to think of balancing the strength of France. He confined the ambition of G. Britain to being the sovereign of the seas and engrossing the trade of all nations. But his political views will soon appear narrow beside the vast conceptions of Mr. Fox. Doubtless it does not enter into the plan of the latter to bring back the English nation to the pitch it was at when it exercised that continental power which he lays such stress upon. At that period England had to support only two or three factories ill secured in that quarter of the globe, where she now has a vast empire to defend; she had not at that time to maintain above 50 ships of the line and 40,000 sailors; her population was more considerable, and her industry demanded fewer hands than it does at this day. Her regular army, beyond what she requires for her own defence and that of her colonies, will now be only an onerous burden for the country. The expeditions she may attempt will never be any thing more than mere piratical excursions, in which the general will think more of securing a retreat than obtaining a victory. According as England has extended her trade, has aggrandized her colonies and augmented her navy, she has seen her continental strength diminish. She had armies under William of Nassau, and queen Anne; in the latter wars she only exhibited battalions; she substituted guineas for soldiers. This however she was really forced to; her military establishment, such as it is at present, may pass for one of those extraordinary efforts which nations cannot long support without exhausting themselves. On the continent soldiers are not lost to population; but maritime voyages and war, the defence and maintenance of the colonies consume without reparation a number of men, incomparably more considerable. In this regard England is already more fatigued than any other nation. She has not above two millions of men to supply her navy, her trade, her industry and her agriculture; and with this handful of inhabitants she attempts to dominate over Europe, to ensnare both Indies, to occupy every sea, and furnish the whole earth with objects of her manufacture.
Never surely did any government conceive a more extravagant or more foolish idea! If England will not content herself with being an insular power, she must renounce the advantages she has reaped from the preponderance of her navy, she must sacrifice the half of her colonies to her safety; but it is not in the power of her government to change its fortuitous system, nor can change its system. It has sought an immense empire instead of a solid power. It has indeed supported itself so long as it has found armies to subsidize and cabinets to corrupt; upon the sentiment Nova
There can be no doubt whatever that Yrajo has been guilty of such gross misconduct, and such audacious departure from the duty of a minister claiming the protection of the laws of civilization; that the compulsory removal of the man from our shores would be sanctioned by the usages of other nations, and by the united approbation of the whole American people.
Under such a government as ours is, however, nothing but extreme necessity can ever render it prudent for an executive magistrate to take upon himself the establishment of a precedent, which may in bad hands be employed under false assumptions for wicked as well as for laudable and justifiable ends.
In the present instance the delicacy of the case is increased by circumstances which arose even while the superior power of the government was in session; upon which we shall add a few remarks.
The instances in the books of the law of nations are numerous, of ambassadors sent away by the authority of the state whose peace, credit and interests they had by unwarrantable means sought to injure.
But the removal of an ambassador by force, without some conspicuously flagrant act of treason, murder or outrage to the government, has not been more than ten or twelve times practised in the whole era of ambassadorial existence in modern times.
In some cases powers that have had no real cause for war, have made the removal of a seditious ambassador a cause of war; and therefore wise governments have for the last century preferred the lesser evil of enduring the temporary inconvenience of the residence of a seditious and intriguing ambassador, to the alternative of war; and in the mean time to signify to the power which had deputed the ambassador, the desire for the removal of the obnoxious character; this was the conduct pursued by General Washington with regard to Goussier , and by the French government with regard to our ambassador, Mr. Gouverneur Morris : the same course has been pursued with regard to Mr. Yrajo by our executive.
This state of the case was known to Congress at the last sitting. There is no power vested in the executive relative to ambassadors, but what is implied by a few loose and very indefinite words under the authority of negotiating treaties and receiving ambassadors.
There is no law which supplies the defect of the constitution on this head.
The right of war is vested exclusively in Congress.
As wise nations in modern times have preferred the removal of ambassadors by complaisance, rather than afford a pretext to nations neither wise nor liberal to commence war; if the Spanish ambassador were to be removed, it should be either by some authority vested by law, or by some act authorizing the President to do, what otherwise he is not sanctioned in doing, but at the risk of war, and on his own responsibility for the consequences.
Beside, though the conduct of Mr. Yrajo for upwards of two years past, would justify his removal at once from our shores; and though the President would have been supported in the act by the applause of his country, yet there is this effect to be taken into serious consideration—that a future President, not actuated by pacific views, but rather anxious to involve the nation in war, might seize upon very venial acts of irregularity in an ambassador, and pursue the course of expulsion by force, merely to provoke a war.
Mr. Adams , a senator of Boston, did introduce a bill, which, whatever may have been his intention, was certainly founded on the principles of the constitution, and which was purposed to vest in the executive the adequate authority—this bill did not pass; and although the presumed grounds of its rejection were that the power is already vested in the executive; the point remained too doubtful to be exercised; and certainly as involving the chance of a war, Congress should not have shrunk from, nor should they have shifted the responsibility on the executive, while the real responsibility should go along with the authority, in which is vested by the constitution the sole right of commencing war.
This we apprehend is a fair and unquestionable statement of the real merits of the case: we may without danger of contradiction say, that had the President taken upon himself to do the act of national justice, by shipping off the offender, many of those who now clamour and asperse the President would in that case load him with reproach, and be the loudest in calling down upon him the resentment of the country; for there are men who would risk the national ruin and the disgrace of the republican principles, to ruin the man they hate, because they cannot destroy.
Aurora.

however, it is deprived of this resource it shifts about in a circle of less fixed and plans more incoherent than those set in work by the administration which preceded it. But Mr. Fox might have been sensible that England can at this day no longer support herself with the same system; and when he promised to save her, it was little to be expected that after six months uncertainty and meditation, he would produce no other resource than the true doctrine of continental alliances, become so fatal to England, to her allies, and to the ministers who had made use of it.
PARIS June 25.
We have received London papers to the 19th June. The debate in the House of Commons on the abolition of the Slave Trade, which the press of matter had forced us to postpone, presents a question of the highest importance. After upwards of eighteen years that this question has been in agitation, the opinion of the House appears at length to be fixed but nothing positive is yet seen. When this idea was thrown out in France and produced such fatal consequences to the prosperity of her colonies it was remarked that it seemed to be stifled in the British Parliament. It struck many accurate observers, that these philanthropic speeches were only a snare. Hence we are to conclude that the interest of England was totally different from that of other commercial nations. At present the English Ministry seem to invite foreign Governments to follow the impulse they give. But in this respect other nations are independent. They are at liberty to judge whether at this day, as ten years ago, their interests be not contrary to those of England. Besides, if Ministers really think this would be performing so just, moral and religious an act, it will be the more glorious for them to give the example of it.
MADRID, June 19.
A Memoir has been published by his majesty's authority, containing a detail of the successful experiments which have been made in this country, with a machine for purifying the air, constructed by Mr. Cayton de Morveau. These have proved, beyond a doubt, that mineral fumigations are an excellent preservative against the yellow fever. A physician, whose skill is equal to his intrepidity, Don Miguel de Cabanellas, lately shut himself up, with his two sons, and forty eight persons besides, in an hospital at Carthagena, where a number of victims had perished, and where the traces of the yellow fever still remained, and with no other precaution than mineral fumigation, they remained there forty days, without experiencing the least inconvenience.
NAPLES, June 7.
The present eruption of Vesuvius exceeds any thing of the kind within the memory of man. The summit of the mountain is torn to pieces, and the rim of the crater is quite altered, in consequence of the number of fissures, to such a degree, that it is thought that, in the course of a few days, a whole side of the mountain will fall in. About one hundred dwelling houses and estates have been ruined with large tracts of vineyard ground, corn fields, &c. The volcano still seems to contain a large portion of matter, as the subterraneous noises are dreadful. Flashes of lightning are emitted, from time to time, from clouds of smoke. People are extremely apprehensive, that the Torre del Greco may share the fate of the Herculeum, in the year 79. A part of the streets of Torre del Greco have already been inundated by the lava, which the inhabitants have removed with incredible labor and fatigue. Still the stream continues to run very near the place, and the inhabitants are deterred from leaving their houses for fear of being injured by the glowing cinders discharged by the mountain. A great quantity of ashes has also fallen in Naples.
LONDON, JULY 25.
RUMOURS OF DISCONTENT AT PARIS.
It was yesterday asserted, in very well informed circles, that accounts had been received at the office of one of the principal secretaries of state, that symptoms of very serious discontent among the highest authorities had just broken out at Paris. No less, it is said, than thirty-five or thirty-seven generals and senators have lent in their resignations, among whom are four marshals of the empire. The only name we have heard particularly is that of marshal Lannes, who is under arrest. We cannot, without some degree of hesitation, give any credit to these reports. The recent elevation of some favorites to the rank of Princes, &c. may reasonably be supposed to have given rise to some jealousy; but the power of Bonaparte, and the vigilance of his police must easily have prevented any formidable attitude.
Morning Post.
FOR THE NATIONAL INTELLIGENCER.
THOUGHTS on the subject of NAVAL POWER in the UNITED STATES of AMERICA; and on certain means of encouraging and protecting their Commerce & Manufactures.
No. III.
The inconveniences, which the commerce of the U. S. sustains are considered here as very numerous, and the injuries are deemed neither few nor small. We are excluded, for example, from the largest part of the dominions of a foreign power, whom we do not shut out of any of our ports. We are subject, in their colonies, to an alien tax, in effect, for selling our own produce, though of prime necessity to the foreign country; while merchants of the same country can freely dispose of all its natural productions and manufactured commodities and all other goods, not only in our old states, but even in our purchased territories and colonial settlements; though, at the same time, we are excluded from the equal carriage of our own produce, and from the regular participation in the transportation of their produce and manufactures from their acquired territories and colonial settlements. If short occasional relaxations are produced by extreme necessity, they are subject to great inconveniences by their unexpected occurrence and transitory existence, while our foreign competitors are liberally allowed a constant enjoyment of all the branches of our foreign trade. Far more favor is extended by us to the produce of their fisheries, than is shown by them to the produce of ours. They exclude all of our manufactures and much of our produce, yet we allow the importation of every thing they grow or make. They prevent our employment of foreign seamen, beyond a certain extent, in our voyages to all their ports, apparently to check our ship-building and navigation, while we impose no such unwarrantable restraint upon their vessels or crews. They obtain a footing on the decks of our vessels by "the right of search" for enemies' property and military enemies, and pervert it to impress the seamen necessary for the voyage, though they are lawfully engaged under written contracts, expressly prescribed by our national legislature. A similar conduct in our officers would render them liable to exemplary punishment and heavy damages. They subject our detained vessels, produce, and supplies to unjust and exorbitant charges and ruinous delays, in their ports and in their courts of admiralty, which we cannot nor will reciprocate. They have set up, for many years, principles of blockade, totally unknown to the law of nations, destructive of our commerce, deeply injurious to the sales of our crops and exports, and inconsistent with our neutral rights and national independence, the reciprocation of which would subject our officers to damages and punishment. They attempt to prescribe laws for us upon the free ocean, the highway of nations, at the express pleasure of their own executive authority, destroying at will our whole commerce with enemies' colonies, enemies' home dominions, and neutral ports, rivers, and states, though they violate those laws in their own conduct, proclamations, & treaties touching the same or like places, in the time of war. For these evils, and for several others of a like nature, war—demoralizing, impious, frantic, and expensive war—is said to be the regular cure. But it is far worse than the disease, and the U. S. are happily aware, that, besides war, there is another and a better remedy—the cultivation of the arts of peace, under the direction of the national legislature. Sincerely disclaiming all enmity to the belligerent powers of Europe, we are firmly bent on fair neutrality and honorable peace. It is our earnest desire that our situation, and views should be thoroughly understood & well considered at this most awful & unprecedented crisis. Those who apprehend from the U. S. intentional injustice to themselves will, we trust, be agreeably disappointed; and those who expect from us an acquiescence in real injustice from any foreign country to ourselves, will certainly be mistaken. Our policy, though uncommon in Europe, is clear & sound, as we believe. If our situation should compel the reluctant expenditure of twelve precious extra millions, for example, let them not be unwisely lavished in the prosecution of a naval war, by which we may not gain, but let that immense sum be levied, by the calm operation of statute law, on the produce and manufactures of our spoliatore, and applied, under the direction of our government, to the indemnification of our mercantile and marine sufferers, and to the cordial support of our manufacturing industry. Even in our unwilling but necessary resort to such measures, we shall not be at all influenced by the desire of doing to the foreign nation any harm, but by a fair and right disposition to do good to ourselves. We refrain from hostilities; and, as already mentioned, we restrict, prohibit, and duty their navigation and trade much less than they restrict and duty ours. We of course observe the most amicable conduct. Immediately before Divine Providence ordained the separation between Great Britain and America, the laws and system of the empire were the common property of both countries. The U. S. States did not incline, at the beginning, to maintain "the navigation act" and the commercial and manufacturing regulations with that strict adherence to their monopo-
* Our merchants, supercargoes and trading captains are forbid to sell at all, but they do the business in the name of a British colonial merchant, paying a commission, which is the tax.
lizing spirit, which seemed most avialable to the British kingdoms. Yet we did not consider even their peculiar and unalloyed rigor as a war by them upon us, nor can reasonable and just men now perceive the semblance of war against G. Britain in our later and calm recurrence to the commercial regimen of our ancient and common empire. We adopt the system as the precedent-ed means of prosperity, and as a peaceful measure of subsistence and defence. It is possible, that we may not even now approve of all the regulations to encourage our navigation, manufactures, and commerce which existed in our joint Anglo American system before 1776, but if we adopt the whole, and thus return to them even all the regulations and prohibitions they have long meted to us, we should not thereby act with any hostility to them, nor even more partially to our interests than they have constantly acted favorably to their own. Let them remove their restrictions, and obey reason under the law of nations, and we will remove our restrictions with cordial satisfaction. We earnestly desire peace and good will with all nations, and with none more sincerely than with them; but they ought to remember, and we shall doubtless consider, that we are not commanded to love even our worst of our neighbors better than ourselves.
Though it was intended, in this publication, merely to treat of the dangers, obstacles, and expenses of great naval power, and to show that there are safer and cheaper means of protecting commerce, yet it may be proper and useful briefly to notice some connected subjects. It is a matter of just and great astonishment, that an ardent English pamphleteer against our commercial rights has ventured to justify all the measures against neutral trade, which England has taken, and almost all she may yet adopt, by the sweeping and unwarranted assertion, that the neutral states having first submissively allowed the enemies of Britain to encroach on their commercial rights, Britain has, by natural reason, and the law of nations, a claim to exercise similar encroachments! We are sorry to remark, that English aggression upon neutral rights has been so long and variously continued, that her friends have forgotten the commencement, and the most important incidents. We shall therefore endeavor to assist their recollections.
It will be found, by recurrence to the British state papers and annual registers, that in the year 1792, while England was at peace with all the world, she began those injurious work by detaining neutrals, as well at sea as in her own ports, laden for France with provisions, with her own bale goods, and with neutral produce and manufactures; and that as this monstrous act was against the law of nations, numerous treaties, and her own municipal laws, the British ministry of that day were obliged to shelter themselves under an act of indemnity. They continued this lawless and injurious conduct till the French declaration of war in Feb. 1793, setting, in time of peace, an evil and unprecedented example to all nations, and to future times. After the war with France had taken place, the British government formed separate and successive conventions with Russia, Spain, Prussia, and Austria, "to stop and compel all neutral ships bound to or freighted for France, either to sail back or enter some neutral port." It will be observed, therefore, that before the present allies of France violated, in 1805 and 6, the neutral rights in conjunction with her in the rage of war, England had led them into such deliberate violations in the calm of peace in 1792, and in war in 1793, in conjunction with herself. If Prussia is in these bad practices now, England, it seems, taught them to her many years ago, and took pains to draw Denmark and Holland into the same illegitimate conduct. Neutral vessels were unlawfully detained and taken, in numerous instances, by Great Britain and her friends, avowedly to injure the general trade, and disturb the interior peace of France by the awful miseries of famine. We might observe, incidentally, that the dismemberment of France, and even dictating a form of government to her were explicit objects of the treaties of Pilsnitz and Rastadt, and of the British manifesto of October, 1793. These are the very outrages of which England now complains against France. We leave to themselves the settlement of those mutual complaints, which they however ought to adjust before we embark in a war on the side of either. It is not remembered, that the English government thought it proper to wage war with Russia, Austria, or Prussia for their partition of Poland, or for their late repartition of the German empire, under the name of "indemnities," in which operation all those powers partook. Nor did the elector of Hanover ever depart from a "submissive" neutrality. Why, then, should America plunge into the abyss of an awful and unprecedented war, which she abhors, for reasons which have not heretofore moved the elector and king to war, in Hanover or England?
But to return to neutral rights. In January, 1793, the Prussians, then acting with England, drove from the hanse towns all the French agents, who were buying provisions for France, as they
† The writer of War in Disguise, 21 part, of May, 1806; called observations on Mr. Randolph's Speech, p. 14.
‡ See convention of March 25, 1793, with Russia, and the Russian explanation to Sweden, July, 1793, Debrett's State Papers, &c.
§ This treaty is referred to as real by lord Holland's pamphlet, or that of his son.
now drive away the dealers in English goods. In this England supported Prussia, by stopping ships bound from the Hanse towns to France. In the month of June, 1793, England issued her famous executive order for destroying all the neutral trade with France, without even pretending to act on the principle of blockade, or to be forced by necessity. The language of the treaty with Russia, &c. on which lord Grenville avowed to Mr. T. Pinckney, that those June orders were founded, was this: "To unite all the efforts of England and Russia to prevent all other powers not implicated in this war (neutrals) from giving, directly or indirectly any protection whatever, in consequence of their neutrality, to the commerce of France, upon the seas or in their ports."
In the same year, 1793, it was declared, by Prussia and Austria, then allies of England, that the ordinary benefits of neutral intercourse with France was not to be allowed; and the British minister at Genoa proclaimed, that to be neutral (to preserve the peace of our own nation) was to be an accomplice with France. In the case of Tuscany, things were carried so far by Great Britain, that her minister, lord Hervey, made known by letter to the Tuscan prime minister, that the continuance of his royal master's neutrality (his country's peace) would depend upon the opinions of the powers combined with England against France, including Prussia, of whom the English writers now bitterly complain for violating the neutrality of the Hanseatic towns. Lord Hervey addressed a public letter to the minister of Russia in Tuscany, declaring that the neutrality of Tuscany was incompatible with the designs and interest of Europe, and would be guided by them in a manner more suitable to their war plans.
On the 6th of November, 1793, the English government made a secret order of the king and council, and sent it (without notice to any neutral minister) to all their ships of war, ordering the seizure of all neutral vessels having on board the produce of the French colonies, or provisions, dry goods, or other supplies for those colonies. A cargo of American fish, Indian corn, lumber, French produce and manufactures, and other articles could always be carried from our ports to the French colonies, and molasses, rum, &c. could always in peace be brought back. Here our own neutral produce, our own neutral property, in our own neutral ships, in an established peace trade under the well known arrest of Aug. 1784, procured by President Jefferson, was cut up without the least ceremony or notice, by a palpable usurpation of the legislation of the ocean, at the pleasure of the British crown. Yet England, after this unfortunate precedent, thinks we should make war on France and Prussia, for shutting her goods out of Hamburg.
Though Mr. Jay was sent to Great Britain, in 1794, to effectuate a treaty which should maintain harmony, the British order of council of June, 1793, was renewed in 1795, as soon as it was supposed, in England, that the treaty was ratified: so little decorum, so little justice, was observed towards this great neutral customer of England!
In April, 1797, to punish Spain merely for being at war with England, or rather to aggravate her misfortune in not being able, with England, and Germany, and Russia, and Italy, and Portugal on her side, to defend herself against France, a proclamation, in palpable violation of the law of nations, was published by admiral Nelson, in which all neutral commerce with Spain was forbidden. The plea of necessity was not set up. It was thought sufficient to announce that England had "found it right that Spain should no longer have any trade." Our neutral manufactures and our neutral crops were thus unlawfully shut out of Spain by the friendly navy of England. Yet we are to fight the whole continent of Europe for refusing British goods.
With these and many other evidences of early, and unremitted, and excessive English violations of neutral rights and commerce and even of English laws before our eyes, it is impossible for the government or people of the U. S. to assent to the pretension, that our alleged sufferance of later and lesser wrongs from the enemies of England, entitle her to claim of our neutrality an indulgence in the numerous and excessive injuries of the current season. With a calm and reasonable firmness, therefore, we recur to the recommendation of a continuance of the peaceable & legitimate protections & indemnifications for our property, commerce, and sufferings, which the legis-
|| The following article of intelligence proves that Great Britain still continues her monstrous attempts to force independent neutral states into fatal wars and treaties by her naval power:
"Constantinople, May 8, 1806. Mr. Arbuthnot, the English ambassador, has had a fresh conference with the Reis Effendi (or Turkish secretary of state,) at which he emphatically declared, that if the Porte (or Turkish government) did not, within a new days, come to a determination to renew its treaties with England, an English squadron would certainly make its appearance in the Levant, as any further refusal must be considered as a rupture between the two powers." The Turkish government simply replied, that it was resolved to maintain the neutrality which it had hitherto observed. These excessive measures of a naval power are calculated to work an abrogation of those precious rules in the law of nations, which have hitherto secured international, peaceful, and honest communications from the expenses, miseries, and crimes of war.
lative power in Nicholson's law, has begun to administer, and of such of those which are respectfully suggested for consideration in this publication. There is yet another and a far better course which the present British government hold at their own command—the infusion of American moderation into the old Anglo-American system of commercial monopoly, and frank justice under the law of nations. It cannot be doubted by any reflecting man, that the recited injuries to our neutral rights give us large claims upon the magnanimity of England, and justify temporary distinctions against her. They have touched American sensibility to the quick, and deeply affected our interests. The perversions of the principles of search and of blockade, the violation of mariners' and passengers' contracts, and the legalized extortions in the admiralty business, with the palpable assumption of the right to bind us on the ocean, in all cases whatsoever, by executive orders, have laid a foreign axe to the root of the tree of our prosperity. Nor navigation, nor trade, nor vents for our crops, nor sales for our surplus imports, nor safety to our mariners will abide our submission to these doctrines; to these practices, to this new system of annoying her enemy and monopolizing commerce, adopted by G. Britain and the changing circle of her friends. If she persists with her executive orders, and other injuries, the road which our respected government has already entered lies open before our eyes. It is the path of virtuous peace, for we are not wont to seek even Justice by the sword. Protection to the industrious; & indemnification to the suffering, at the expence of the injuring, is our wise, our moral and our religious plan.
PROPOSALS,
FOR PUBLISHING BY SUBSCRIPTION, THE WORKS OF DR. BENJAMIN FRANKLIN, PHILOSOPHICAL, POLITICAL, AND LITERARY.
Hominum rerumque repertor.
THE publication of the writings of Dr. Franklin in a complete edition, was long contemplated by the late BENJ. FRANKLIN PACAZ, his grandson, who transferred the copy which was devised to Mr. W. Temple Franklin, for the purpose. It was originally designed that the corrected edition should appear in three languages, and in England, Germany, France and America, at the same time. this design was frustrated by the devisee (W. Temple Franklin) who, it is now believed, sacrificed the work and the honorable trust reposed in him, for money, to the mortal hatred of the English ministry against the deceased age.
As soon as this fact was known, the present editor of the Aurora turned his attention to the collection of every paper and circumstance which could tend to preserve and do honor to the memory of a man to whom America is so much indebted; and who, as he was the first that from his genius and talents reflected back lustre on his native country, must continue to be ranked to the latest posterity, among its greatest benefactors and ornaments.
This edition will be published from the copies revised and corrected by Dr. Franklin, the corrections of which are in the hand writing of the author, and may be seen by any gentleman in the possession of the editor of the Aurora.
Early admiration of Dr. Franklin; educated in veneration and reverence of his character—combined with other incidental circumstances not necessary to be pointed out, have concurred to favor the collection by the present editor, of the best materials that could be obtained after the sacrifice of the work by the devisee.
With some industry, and with some expence he has possessed himself, not only of the copy with the corrections and additions in Dr. Franklin's hand writing; but also of several articles which have never appeared in any former collection, and of several which have never appeared in print.
Proposals would have appeared long since in this city, had not an advertisement of an intended edition, being published in the English prints; the present editor thought it might be yet possible that the edition advertised, was that which Mr. Temple Franklin was entrusted with; but it now appears that the English edition is only a repackaging of the former compilation with some final additions; but still very deficient, on a comparison with the corrected papers in the hands of the editor.
The whole will now be carefully collated, and the work executed in a style worthy of the great patriarch of American liberty and apostle of the American press.
The additional papers will form at least a volume, perhaps more—the authentic papers already printed, form three—and it is intended to begin with the second volume, which will be put to press immediately; and to publish the Biography last, to that such additional articles as may throw any useful light on the life of this great man, may be engrafted on his memoirs; to obtain which, and other important materials, the editor will spare neither pains nor expence.
Gentlemen who may be possessed of authentic or original papers, or correspondence of Dr. F. or who can give information where any are to be found, will render public service by communicating them to the editor.
CONDITIONS.
The work shall be elegantly printed, on a new small pica type and pale velum paper in large octavo.
The work will be ornamented with numerous engravings, a vignette to each volume—a whole length portrait from the best likeness allowed to be in existence, now in the possession of the editor.
The price of each volume will be 2 dollars 50 cents payable on delivery only.
Subscriptions will be received at the bookstore of Wm. Duane, No. 106, Market Street, Philadelphia; and in Pennsylvania Avenue, Washington city; and by other booksellers and private gentlemen, whose names will be noticed in the several states of the union, in due time.
August 8—

WASHINGTON CITY.
WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 17.
The following is a complete list of the representatives of North Carolina, in the next Congress.
Nathaniel Macon, Willis Alston, M. D. Williams, Thomas Kenan, Richard Stanford, William Blackledge, Evan Alexander, James Holland, Thomas Blount, Lemuel Sawyer, Meshach Franklin, J. Calpeper.
Those in Italic are new members. The whole are republican, except J. Calpeper.
The Orleans Gazette announces that a new work, entitled "Discoveries made in exploring the Missouri, Red River, and Ouachita, by captains Lewis and Clark, Dr. Sibley, and William Dunbar, esq., with a Statistical Account of the countries adjacent..." is in the press of Mr. Marshall of Natchez, and will be speedily published. It will be comprised in a volume of 200 pages, at two dollars.
The public expectation will naturally be highly excited with respect to a work which promises information of the most interesting character. The materials collected by the gentlemen named in the title will probably be ample, and our knowledge of their talents justifies a confidence that it will be displayed in an able and perspicuous manner.
Our readers will be amused with the following production of Cobbett. It is truly among the wonders of the day that this man should eulogize the conduct of the President as dignified and moderate, but what will the federal friends of Porcupine say to this denunciation of their veracity and general character, those very men, perhaps, who paid the fine inflicted upon him for libelling Dr. Rush? Let us not be understood as adopting, in the faintest degree, this man's calumnies against the American character. Such is in fact the lofty arrogance of the Briton, that he seems to think any assertion of spirit by others as an invasion of his monopoly. It is not a little remarkable, that while this man is branding the Americans with a want of veracity, he is engaged in propagating the most shameful falsehoods. It is not true that there was any disturbance at New York; or that an Englishman durst not walk the streets. There was, on the contrary, the utmost order and forbearance observed.
From Cobbett's Weekly Political Register.
FOREIGN AFFAIRS-AMERICA.
To the subjects of dispute already existing between G. Britain and the U. S. of America, another has now been added of a nature more serious than any heretofore agitated. The President's proclamation will speak for itself. I shall insert it here, and offer a few short remarks upon the events therewith connected. [Here the President's proclamation for the apprehension of capt. Whibby, is inserted.]
The ferment, we are told, which had been excited in N. York and other towns on the death of the American seaman, was beyond any thing the reader can conceive. It was scarcely exceeded by the popular fury of Marat's associates in Paris, when the revolutionary phrensy was at its height. No Englishman could appear in the streets, but at the hazard of his life; parties paraded with the American colours hoisted over those of England. Meetings were held to originate resolutions in which England was execrated, and their own government treated with the grossest contempt, for its tardiness in declaring against England. The walls were covered with inflammatory hand bills, the writers of which, with the newspapers attached to the party, stuck at nothing that could fan the popular fury. All this I, who know them, can easily believe of the mongrel rabble at N. York, who call themselves Americans, but who, for the far greater part, perhaps, have escaped from their creditors or the persons they have robbed in Europe. Very different will, I am certain, have been the feelings of the people of America, properly so called; and agreeably with those better feelings, the President seems to have acted. I wish not to justify or even to excuse the conduct of the British officers, if they have been guilty of the crime alleged against them. I know too that some of them are arrogant enough, seeming to think that they inherit from nature all the power which their king and country have placed in their hands; and thence acting very often for the indulgence of their own passions, without taking into view the interests of their employers. But I also knew that they frequently meet in America with treatment too provoking for men of common spirit to bear. I know, that upon all occasions, the magistracy of New York have shown the greatest possible partiality to the enemies of England; they have, when British sailors have got on shore, protected them against the searches of their ships; they have annoyed our ships in all manner of ways, while they have, in all manner of ways, favored the ships of the French. All this does not justify the killing of a man, in an American ship, within the waters of the U. States, unless the American ship, struck the first blow; but it is quite enough to
make us hesitate, before we believe, that the act of violence was committed within those waters, and without justifying provocation, especially when we reflect, that, to the character for insolence unparalleled in the world, the American captains add the character for falsehood equally pre-eminent. I speak, of course, with exceptions; but the archives of our courts of admiralty will testify for the general truth of my statement.
The lamentations over the body of the dead seaman, and the indignation so loudly expressed against those who had been the cause of his death, would have sounded better did we not recollect, that, when during the last war, American seamen were beaten, flogged, fired at, and, in more than one instance killed by the French ships, not one regular complaint was made! And I remember, that, when a vessel had been fired upon, when great mischief had been done, and when the French actually came on board and made the Americans pay for the shot had been fired at them, I endeavored, but in vain, to excite in the people of Philadelphia and New York, some degree, of active indignation. I endeavored to work them up to a petition, or something of that sort; but so far was I from succeeding, that I was accused of a desire to plunge the nation into war; and some of the people went so far as actually to propose to send me out of the country, under the alien act! Now, when I recollect all these things, though I shall not attempt to justify or excuse the English captains, though I very much regret that an American seaman should have been killed by British hands, and though I have the greatest dislike to every act of injustice or severity, or even rudeness towards the Americans, I must, hesitate before I join in condemning the conduct of those captains. Let us bear their account. Let us compare it with the statement of "Mr. De Witt," of New York, the far greater portion of the public merit of which Mr. De Witt, is, merely that he has always been known for a bitter and sworn enemy of England! The conduct of the President has, in this case, been moderate and dignified. He is too wise to plunge the country into war for the purpose of gratifying the hatred of the dominant party at New York; and indeed, though his proclamation is founded upon their report and their complaint, it is very evident that he not only perceives the motive by which they are actuated, but that in addition thereto, he suspects their veracity.
COMMUNICATION.
Translation from the Dictionary of Natural History, written by Monsieur Valmont Bonare, fourth edition - printed at Lyons, 1761.
The Miraculous Wheat. Triticum spica multiplex, of Tournefort. Triticum turgidum of Linnaeus. This kind of wheat, which is also called Smyrna wheat, wheat of abundance, or of Providence, besides the principal ear, produces many lateral ones. It is not rare to see bunches of this wheat composed of thirty-six stalks, every stalk having ten ears, one of which occupies the middle space, each ear contains from thirty to forty grains, and the total produce is upwards of twelve thousand seven hundred grains from the fecundity of one alone. It was without doubt of this wheat that the governor of Byzantium sent a bunch to Nero, composed of three hundred, and forty stalks, and probably the same which Pliny cites, of which we have made mention under the article Common Wheat. This grain cannot succeed, well, except in substantial lands, well improved and well cultivated; because it requires much nourishment: sown in lands too weak or too dry, it has scarcely any of the side ears; it is usually sown in autumn, but sown in March when the season is favorable, that is, when it is warm and the land moderately moist; it produces better than what is called the March wheat, which is sown in the spring; this wheat has a singular advantage, that of not being subject to the scab; it care must be taken to cover it somewhat deeper than the common wheat, because it takes more root, and ought not to be sown so thick. O fortunatos nimium, si sua bona norint; Agricolas.
There are also disadvantages in this wheat; one is that the ears are very fond of it when young, and will destroy it almost entirely, if care is not taken to keep them off; and when it is at maturity the strength of the straw is such that the birds perch upon it and devour all the grains; recourse must be had to methods to drive them away. Hard frosts are also prejudicial to it. The miraculous wheat is nearly the same size as the spring wheat, but exceeds the ordinary wheat in weight by a twelfth; nevertheless if it is negligently cultivated it soon returns to its original species, that of a single ear and regularly formed.
*Pliny says, that one of the Intendants of Augustus sent him from a canton of Africa a curiosity extraordinary enough: it was the bottom of a bunch of wheat which contained four hundred stalks, all springing from one and the same grain of wheat. If the fact is true, we may say these are curious phenomena, in which nature signifies her excessive liberality.
*The French word is Charbon, which I have translated scab. I have no dictionary which renders this word, when it means one of the maladies to which wheat is subject; but in the dictionary from whence the above translation is made, where it treats of the maladies of wheat, the description of the charbon seems to correspond very nearly to what is generally (though perhaps vulgarly) called the scab in this country.
THE TRANSLATOR.
Extract of a letter from a respectable gentleman in Curraoa, dated Aug. 13, 1806.
Last evening an open boat came in express, with a letter from the commandant of Coro, dated 14th inst. I have been favored with the following extract from it:
"Miranda has at last evacuated Coro and Lavela, and retired with his shipping. On the 11th inst. a skirmish took place, where his people were taking in water at Rio Negro, in which he lost 20 killed, 17 wounded, and some dispersed in the country."
"The force opposed to him is said to have been 150 regulars, 50 horse, and a body of Indians, how many I have not heard. Report says he had with him 14 armed vessels, and that he is protected by H. B. M. ship Lilly. It is generally supposed that he is gone to Aruba."
New-York, Sept. 13.
MIRANDA.
Captain Brown, of the brig Ontario, from Curraoa, informs us that accounts had been received there from the Main, which stated that Miranda landed at Coro on the 10th of August, and took possession of the fort and town without resistance; but that in a subsequent engagement with the Spaniards, he had been defeated and compelled to relinquish these advantages, and on the 19th was at the island of Aruba.
On this subject we have been favored with the following extract of a letter from a respectable commercial house in Curraoa to another in this city, dated Aug. 18.
"I take the liberty of acquainting you that we yesterday received by an express from Coro the certain news of Miranda having landed three weeks before with 2 ships, 2 brigs and 7 smaller vessels; and, after a severe engagement with the Spaniards, has been routed and had to take to his ships. Nobody knows what course he afterwards took. I mention this for your caution, should you undertake any business on the Main. I fear the American flag will not now be so well received there as formerly."
Yesterday morning a smart firing was distinctly heard in town, from the southward and eastward. Those who heard it say that there must have been an engagement of Long Island, as several broadsides were fired.
Of the disagreement between the members of Administration in England, the Courier of the 21st observes - "diffention and division have crept in among them - their most bitter enemies are to be found in their own party; and the most decisive opposition to the Ministers proceeds from the Ministerialists themselves! The Foxites disagree amongst themselves, and disapprove of the measures of the Foxites and Grenvilles - the Grenvilles are not perfectly cordial, for Lord Temple disapproves of the measures of Mr. Windham. The puny party of the Addingtons are at variance with each other, for we have seen Mr. Vansittart in opposition to Mr. H. Addington. The Vice-President of the Board of Trade sets himself up in opposition to the measures of the Secretary of the war department. The Treasurer of the navy, recommends what the Ministers reprobate; the Treasurer of the Navy condemns the conduct of the Secretary of State, and the Secretary of the Treasury seconds a motion which meets with the decided opposition of the first Lord of the Treasury and of the whole cabinet. The Vice-President of the Board of Trade, who had assumed an authoritative tone, to the Secretary at war is himself severely rebuked by a distinguished member of that party which was supposed to have carried its decisive support to the Ministry. Lord Temple complains of the conduct of the opposition with respect to the volunteers, and Mr. Banks takes up the defence of the opposition, and pointedly condemns (see the debate of Tuesday) the manner and tone with which his Lordship had "upon the present, and indeed almost upon every occasion, reprehended those who differed with him in opinion."
"Are not these pretty strong symptoms of diffention and disunion? And yet, though they are unable to be unanimous themselves, Ministers expect that the people will be unanimous in approving all their measures and in believing that they are ministers of the greatest talent, virtue, consequence, and capacity that ever existed!"
The subject of the Quebec turnpike is again before the public. As this City is north of its directly, great advantages are proposed by a direct intercourse. Quebec is commonly placed in 45 deg. 55, north latitude, and not many minutes from our meridian. The road from Albany to Montreal is not only contemplated, but the plan is ready for execution. It is to commence at the bend of the Hudson near Glen's falls, and to run westward of Lake George and Lake Champlain to latitude 45, at which is the boundary line of Canada. Montreal is commonly reckoned by the river St. Laurence, and the usual route of travellers is 170 miles from Quebec - Montreal is not so high as latitude 46, and about 2 degrees more westerly than Quebec. We have not before us the tables of the latitudes and longitudes. Albany is in latitude about 43 and 1-2
degrees, and probably but few minutes from the meridian of Montreal. This will open a communication to the North similar to that which is opened with the Ohio, while the navigable waters, and the many turnpikes in the Genesee and its neighborhood, will be sure to open a communication with all the intermediate countries. These early communications will contribute much to accelerate the settlements in these countries, and in the benefits the Northern States must necessarily share. By the maps it is about 5 degrees due west from Albany to Lake Erie, and as the Canals at Niagara will probably be completed, the greatest advantage for the internal commerce will be secured by land & water as far as the Michigan. The prospect before us will not require greater efforts than have been already made in such parts of the plan as are already executed. And the in-reading resources from population and wealth are known from the history of the settlements made within a few years. It has been wondered that nothing more has been done in Maine to open a free communication with the Connecticut river, which orders a course very inviting to the commercial intercourse of that flourishing district, and promises to supply its rich harbors with the ample means of industry and prosperity.
Salem Reg.
NOTICE.
ALL those indebted to the firm of Brown and Dyas will make immediate payment to Mr. SAMUEL SPEAKE, and all those having claims against the said firm will hand them in to Mr. Speake, who is fully authorized to settle the same.
JOHN BROWN,
Surviving partner of B & Dyas. Washington, September 17 - 3t
FOR SALE OR RENT,
TWO FRAME HOUSES
Near the Navy Yard. - For terms apply to the subscriber near the premises.
GUSTAVUS HIGDON. September 17 - 3t
RUNAWAY NEGRO.
COMMITTED to the jail of Frederick county as a runaway negro JIM - he is about 40 years old, and 5 feet 10 inches high - has clothing confists, of a natten coat, a muddin waistcoat, one flannel do., 2 cotton shirts, one pair of muddin breeches, one pair of overalls, and one old hat. He says he belongs to George MANTLE, of Baltimore. The owner of the said negro, is desired to release him or he will be sold for his jail fees agreeably to law.
GEORGE CREAGER, Sheriff of Frederick county. September 17 - w5t
LOST
On Monday evening between SPURRIER'S Inn & STELLE'S Hotel, a small Red Morocco POCKET BOOK with some bank Bills and other papers of use only to the owner. Any person delivering the same to John McCaull of Richmond or to the Printer, shall receive compensation.
September 17 - 3t
RUNAWAY NEGRO.
COMMITTED to the jail of Frederick county, as a runaway, LEVI RILEY, a mulatto, about 22 years of age, 5 feet 4 or 5 inches high, has long wool. His clothing consists of coarse linen shirt and trowsers. He says he is a freeman and previously to his being taken into custody, he was engaged in the business of sweeping chimneys. His owner is desired to release him, or he will be sold for his jail fees agreeably to law.
GEORGE CREAGER, Sheriff of Frederick county. August 27 - w5t
A BARGAIN.
THE subscriber offers for sale the farm he now occupies, containing near 300 acres with or without the stock thereon.
It is distant from the cities of Georgetown and Washington, about five miles, and well known as a healthy situation. There is much fine fruit thereon, and abounds with springs, affording as good water as in the United States, a considerable proportion of the land has been in clover, and from thirty to forty acres fit for the scythe the ensuing summer. It is now in a very improving state, being altogether clear of broom sedge, and from 40 to 50 acres ploughed and prepared for a spring crop, and from 30 to 40 acres well set with wheat and rye - some part of the land is calculated for tobacco; and plaster of paris answers well with it all. The dwelling house and other improvements may with small repairs, be rendered very comfortable - roomy vicinity to two growing cities, many advantages result in supplying the markets. A purchaser may estimate on a good bargain, particularly if an early application be made. Some part of the purchase money will be required in cash or approved negotiable paper; the remainder rendered easy - or negroes received in payment. The subscriber or William Scary residing on the farm will show it when required, and the terms more known by application to Mr. John Thompson, George Town, or Dr. Wm. Tarbinton Washington.
Isaac Pollock,
Fruit Hill,
Some Lands calculated for the culture of cotton, indian corn and small grain, situated on a navigable river in the healthiest part of the State of Georgia, will also be sold on reasonable terms or exchanged for negroes.
J. P. Jan. 29 - ringw5t
SAMUEL VAIL, & Co. SUBMIT TO THE PUBLIC THE FOLLOWING PROPOSALS, FOR PUBLISHING AT ST. LOUIS, IN THE LOUISIANA TERRITORY, A WEEKLY NEWSPAPER, MISSOURI CORRESPONDENT, AND ILLINOIS GAZETTE.
PREPARATORY to undertaking the editorial labors of a Newspaper, we presume to offer the following remarks.
While the United States by their rapid progress in population, agriculture, commerce and the arts, are becoming every day more and more powerful and opulent, the limits of our western settlements are widely extending themselves far beyond our ancient boundaries, even to a very great length into our newly acquired territories, beyond the utmost expectation of the most sanguine of our fellow citizens. Since the important acquisition of Louisiana, comprising a tract of the finest country on the face of the globe - embracing almost every climate, between the north and south poles - a tract of country more extensive than all the United States besides, and capable of affording subsistence to more people than all the continent of Europe; with all the necessaries, and almost all the luxuries that can possibly be conceived of. We couler this rational anticipation, entirely unconnected with any thing prophetic or visionary. There are other considerations which operate powerfully upon our minds, and tend absolutely to induce in us a belief of the growing consequence of the region in question; the citizens of which have, a guarantee of all the rights of the citizens of the United States in the constitution; and equally entitled to enjoy the rights and security of the liberty, property, and reputation, as well from the laws of any foreign nation, as from Indian law. Although far removed from the greatest population of the United States; by the compact of federal union, the physical force and power of the nation must be extended to the government and people, for their protection forever, or at least so long as the union exists. In this view of the subject we are compelled to believe, that the period is not far distant, when the face of this healthy and beautiful country, will be covered with a numerous population, and that, remnants of learning will appear throughout the whole - so that the arts and sciences may find their way thither, without the trouble, labor and expense, of importation from abroad. It is believed that no country has yet been discovered, which affords such great temptations to emigrants from the old settled states and foreign countries, as the one of which we are now speaking.
The MISSOURI CORRESPONDENT & ILLINOIS GAZETTE, will be opened for the exposition of public measures. In the discussion of local questions, the Editors will know no party, but will give place to all essays that are couched in decent and correct language. Its columns will contain a summary of the acts and proceedings of Congress during, and after their session; and the proceedings of the Legislature of Louisiana, and Indiana territories in detail - together with a due portion of political, historical, philosophical, moral, poetical and amusing essays. Ever mindful of the respect due to a Gazette intended for circulation among a numerous, virtuous and independent people, whose generous patronage, we hope to merit and receive - in return for which, it will be our endeavor to become useful members of the community, and cultivate a friendly intercourse with all our patrons.
We shall always in an independent manner keep in mind our constitutional guarantee - the Liberty of the Press - remembering, too, at the same time that the great Montesquieu in his Spirit of Laws has declared, that, "Liberty without control is licentiousness."
CONDITIONS.
1. It shall be printed weekly on the day which shall be found best adapted, to the purpose of affording the earliest intelligence, and the most speedy distribution of the papers. 2. It shall be printed on a royal sheet, in folio, and on a good type. 3. Subscriptions; price THREE DOLLARS per annum paid in advance, or promissory notes for Four Dollars at the expiration of the year. 4. Advertisements of no more length than breadth, will be inserted three weeks, for one dollar and fifty cents for each continuance, thirty-seven and a half cents - Those who with their advertisements in the French language, will be accommodated.
Valuable Property For Sale.
THE Subscriber offers for sale a number of valuable heights convenient to the city of Washington about a 1 1/2 miles from the President's House and near the same distance from the Capitol, and command a handsome view of the City, river Potomac, and Alexandria. Lot No. 1, contains 60 acres, No. 2, contains 42 acres, No. 3, contains 104 acres, No. 4 contains 19 acres; Likewise a lot lying between John Taylor, and Dr. Worthington, containing from 80 to 100 acres. These lots will be sold together or apart as may suit purchasers.
Terms may be known by applying to James White or Rev. John Breckenridge here the property. Jan. 24 w5t.
ACCORDING to an order of the Orphan Court of Prince George's county the subscribers, will offer for sale on Thursday the 25th day of September at the plantation of the late JAMES BEALL, deceased, all the personal property of the said BEALL, consisting of 6 negroes, hogs, sheep, and plantation utensils. A credit of five months will be given for all sums above five pounds, and for all sums to the amount of five pounds for cash.
JAMES BEALL, Jan. 3 - Executors. J. P. Jan. 29 - ringw5t

JUST RECEIVED, FROM PHILADELPHIA, And now opening at D. KAPINE'S BOOKSTORE, CAPITOL HILL, DR. KEES' NEW CYCLOPEDIA, VOL. I PART II. Gentlemen who have patronised the work will please send for their copies. Last's treatise of the Pies of the Crown, 2 vols. Reports, vols. 3 and 6. Plowden's history of Ireland, 5 vols. The secret history of the Court and Cabinet of St. Cloud. Conversations on Chemistry, The Mariner's Chronicle, being a collection of the most interesting narratives of shipwrecks, fires, famines, &c. vols. 1, and 2. And a great variety of other late and valuable publications, all which will be sold at reasonable prices. September 15-3t
Washington Jockey Club RACES.
WILL commence on TUESDAY the 28th day of October next, free for any horse, mare or gelding, carrying the following weights, viz: Aged horses, 126 lbs. Six years old, 120 lbs. Five years old, 114 lbs. Four years old, 109 lbs. Three years old, 86 lbs. There will be an allowance of three pounds for mares and geldings. The first day's purse, Four mile Heats, it is supposed will be at least 750 DOLLARS—that being the amount of it last year. On Wednesday the 29th, the second day's Jockey Club Purse, the Three mile Heats, it is supposed will be worth 400 DOLLARS. Thursday the 30th will be run for a cup of Fifty Guineas value—a single Four mile Heat, free only to subscribers. And one hour after, will be run for the LADIES' PLATE—Two mile Heats—free only to members of the Club. Each day's race to begin precisely at one o'clock, P. M. All delinquent members of the Club, are earnestly requested to make immediate pay- ment of their dues to the Secretary and Trea- surer. Tolls, as usual will be collected at the gates, for the benefit of the Club. No person will be permitted to stand within the cords—and all dogs found on the course, will be destroyed. All persons desirous of erecting Booths, will make speedy application to the Secretary and Treasurer, for licences for that purpose. The foregoing regulations will be strictly enforced, by persons employed to carry them into effect. By order, JOHN TAYLOR, Pr. W. J. C. John Mason, } Stewards. Thomas Peter, } Henry O'Reilly, } Nathan Lufborough, } Test DENNISON DARLING, Secretary and Treasurer. CHESTER BAILEY, Clerk of the course. September 15-tawt1R
PROPOSALS for opening, bridging and improving the road laid out under the direc- tion of the Secretary at War, between Nash- ville in Tennessee and Grindstone Ford on Pierre river in the Mississippi territory, will be received at the General Post Office until the 15th day of December next. For the convenience of contractors the road will be divided into three parts, and separate proposals received for each. First. From Nashville to the Tennessee river, 112 miles. 2. From Tennessee river to Loonachitto creek, a branch of the Big Black river, 123 miles. 3. From Loonachitto creek to Grindstone Ford, 155 miles. NOTES. Note 1. The road is to be cleared of all trees logs and brush, twelve feet in width and made passable for a waggon. All streams not over forty feet wide are to be bridged, and the banks of other streams are to be levelled or sloped down to that they may be passable for a waggon. Note 2. The bridges are to be twelve feet broad supported by proper abutments, the bridges are to be composed of four pieces of timber not less than 10 inches in diameter at the smallest end, and covered with halved logs whose original diameter was not less than 8 inches, the piers or supports of the bridge not to be more than twenty feet apart. Note 3. Some parts of the road will require caulwaying; these will be pointed out by the Post Master General's agent. The caulwaying is to be done with logs, 10 feet in length and not less than 6 nor over 9 inches in diameter, each is to be thrown upon them to render them passable, and where the places to be caulwayed are subject to be overflowed the caulway is to have a rider on each side keyed down by forked stakes or stones and gravel. Note 4. It is supposed that there is already a cleared waggon path on some part of the distance, no clearing is to be done where that is the case. The work is to be completed by the first day of October 1807. Reasonable ad- vances will be made at the commencement of the work, and the balance paid as soon as the work is completed. Mr. R. J. Meigs, and Mr. Thomas Wright are to de- cide whether it be executed conformable to contract. Note 5. The proposals should state the price by the mile for clearing, the price by the yard in length for caulwaying, the price by the foot in length for the bridge-work, and the price by the cubic yard for sloping or shelving the banks of watercourses. GIDEON GRANGER, Postmaster-general. Sept. 15-tawt13
WANTED IMMEDIATELY.
As an apprentice to the Druggist bus- iness—an active lad, of about sixteen years of age—one who has some knowledge of the bu- siness, or who has been accustomed to attend in a store would be preferred. Enquire of the Printer. Sept. 15-tf.
WAS Committed to the jail of Montgo- mery county on the 17th day of August last past, a runaway, a mulatto man, who calls himself by the name of THOMAS CAMP- BELL, and says he is a Freeman; he is about 33 years of age, 6 feet 2 inches high, his little toe and the one next it, on the right foot, grows together, his clothing not worth describing as he has been living in the country for upwards of two years, and has passed as a freeman and says that he was born free on the north fork of Holston river, in the state of Virginia—the above fellow will be sold out for his prison fees agreeably to law if not taken out by the owner if any. BENJAMIN RAY, Jun. Sheriff. September 15-3t
Was committed to the jail of Montgomery county on the 28th day of Au- gust last a young negro man who calls him- self by the name of JOHN, and says he is the property of James King of Prince George's county not far from Bladensburg. John is about 20 years of age, spare made, very black, about 5 feet 8 inches high; had on when committed an old wool hat, osnaburg shirt & jacket, and a pair of blue trowsers. The above described negro will be sold out for his prison fees agreeably to law, if not taken out by the owner. BENJAMIN RAY, Jun. Sheriff. September 15-3t
A FARM TO RENT. I have a farm in Montgomery county at the FALLS OF SENECA, on Potomac, 18 miles from George Town, which I will rent to good tenant on reasonable terms, for one or a term of years. JOSEPH FORRESTER. City of Washington, September 5-3w
50 Dollars Reward.
RANAWAY from the subscriber, on the 20th ult. mulatto JOE. Joe is a stout well made dark mulatto fellow, 5 feet 9 or 10 inches high, about 30 years of age—has sev- eral large scars on his hands and body, lips a little. Had on and took with him, a tow linen shirt & trowsers, one pair of nankin trowsers, also one old fusticot coat and old hat that much worn. Joe can write a tolerable good hand, & has run away before, when he was taken up & put in the Frederick town jail & 501 cut by George Creager in 1805. Any person tak- ing up said fellow, and securing him in any jail so that I get him again, shall receive if taken within the county, 20 dollars, and if out of the state the above reward. If brought home all reasonable charges will be paid by the subscriber living in Frederick county, Md. near New Market. SINGELTON BURGER. N. B. I forewarn all persons from harboring or carrying off said fellow at their peril. P. S. Joe ran off in company with a fellow named Adam, and they were both lately ad- vertised together; since which Adam has been taken and secured in the jail of York, (Pa.) Joe went in the same direction, and will prob- ably make for Philadelphia, and endeavor to get on board some vessel and go to sea. Sept. 12-cptr
FOR SALE,
That valuable tract of Land belonging to the estate of the late Richard Henderson, lying in Prince George's county on the Eastern Branch of Potomac and nearly adjoining the town of Bladensburg containing about 500 acres—this land is well watered, lays level and is productive, from 15 to 20 acres is now in good timothy meadow, and a much larger quantity of rich marsh may be brought into this state, the wood land is thriving and abundant for the support of the farm. Its vicinity to the city of Washington & Geor- getown and laying on tide water, makes it de- sirable estate. One fourth of the purchase money will be required in hand, the payment of the balance will be made easy. Mr. Joseph Wilson who lives on the land will show it to any person who may wish to view the same. JAMES LINGAN, JOHN HENDERSON, } Executors. R. HENDERSON, } R. Henderson. August 20-tawtff
350 DOLLARS REWARD.
ELOPED from the subscriber, residing in Washington, District of Columbia in 1800, a black man named BASIL, of a dark com- plexion, about 5 feet 8 or 9 inches high, a remarkable wen on his forehead, and has had the first joint of his left fore finger cut off, he is about 50 years old, and has worked at the ship carpenter's and caulker's business, as also at the house carpenter's and wheel wright's business. Also, in November 1805, two ne- gro slaves, named PETER and GERARD; Peter is of a light complexion, approaching a mulatto, long wool, about 6 feet high, 22 years old, and works as a laborer. Gerard is ra- ther of a light complexion, short wool, re- markable thick ankles, about 5 feet 10 inches high, and a blacksmith by profession. I will give 100 dollars each, for the above mention- ed negroes, if confined in any jail so that I get them again. Also, on the 13th of August 1806, a negro woman named KEZZIAH, aged about 24 years, 5 feet 6 inches high, and of a light complexion, but not mulatto, she took with her several pieces of wearing appa- rel, among which are recollected a black lutestring habit, and also a light ground cal- ico; she carried off with her an only child named Hanson, a boy about three years old, well grown and remarkable for a protuber- ance on his navel, it is supposed she will dress him either in an osnaburg frock, or in a red flannel jacket and pantalettes. I will give 50 dollars reward for the above mentioned ne- gro woman, if confined in any jail so that I get her again, and will pay all reasonable charges if brought home. ROBERT ALEXANDER, Sept. 3d-3wsp.
N. B. It is supposed they all have forged certificates of freedom, therefore all masters of vessels and others are warned not to harbor or carry them off. ** The Editors of the Aurora , Citizen , and Independent Chronicle , are requested to insert the foregoing adver- tisement three times in their respective papers, and to transmit their accounts to the Editor of the National Intelli- gencer for settlement.
THE SUBSCRIBER
HAS just supplied his shop in F Street with a complete assortment of fresh Medicines & Drugs, among which are Spermaceti & Linseed oil — also Paints of every description. THOMAS PATTERSON. Washington city, June 23-tf
Sale of Valuable Property
AT MY HOUSE. THE Land which I have heretofore advertised and fully described, I now again offer on the same terms to the highest bidder on Monday the 22nd of next month, together with a valuable woman qualified for either house or field work, a well grown boy and a lusty girl, both of whom are able to do good work, and three young girls. The women to serve 10 years, the boy until he is 35, and the girls to 30 years of age. These negroes will be sold for cash or negotiable notes at 60 days. Also a variety of household and kitchen furniture, plantation implements of husbandry, horned cattle, horses, sheep and hogs. For all sums of 30 dollars or under the cash must be paid. Above 30 dollars and not exceeding 50 dollars, a credit of 3 months will be given from 50 to 80 dollars, from 80 to 100, one month, and for all above 100 dollars 12 months, all on security with interest from the date. The sale to commence at 11 o'clock and continue from day to day till completed. GEO. LEE. Charles County, Aug. 20-tadof
TO RENT, THE COMMODOIOUS BRICK STORE near the CAPITOL, now in the occupation of Messrs. P. HEALY & Co. Possession to be given on the 1st of May. Enquire of Frederick May. March 28-tf
50 DOLLARS REWARD.
STOLEN out of the subscriber's pasture in Loudoun county in the night of the 25th June, a bright BAY MARE with a bald face, the left hind foot white, the right hip a little lower than the other, a mark like a seam down the hoof of the right hind foot, and it is differ- ent in shape from the other; about 15 hands and 1-2 high, three years old last spring, a natural trotter, had on when the was taken three shoes. Whoever will apprehend the thief and secure the mare so that the owner may get her again and the felon brought to conviction, shall have the above reward or for the mare only twenty-five dollars and all reasonable charges. WILLIAM NICHOLS. Loudoun county, Vir. July 11-3m
CHARLES H. VARDEN,
Merchant Taylor, New Jersey Avenue, near the Capitol. RESPECTFULLY informs the gentlemen of the district of Columbia, that he has receiv- ed by late arrivals at Philadelphia from Lon- don, a fresh supply of the best superfine cloths, cashmeres, &c. with a choice assortment of plain nankeens, cotton cashmeres, India nan- keens, blue and yellow, fashionable Trafalgar white and fancy Mercilles, with a variety of other articles suitable for the summer. N. B. Ladies habits, regimentals and navy uniforms made in the first style of fashion. Richard Marwell's new invented patent elas- tic suspenders, which are far superior to any heretofore in use, can be had on the same terms as at his manufactory. June 23-tf
Treasury Department of the United
States, June 21, 1806. WHEREAS the commissioners of the Sinking fund, at a meeting held on the 24th day of April, 1806, did resolve, that the sum re- maining to complete the expenditure of the annual appropriation of eight millions of dollars, should among other purposes, be ap- plied to the reimbursement of the navy six per cent. stock, created in pursuance of an act of Congress passed on the 30th day, June, 1798 and to the reimbursement of the five and half per cent. stock, created in pursuance of an act of Congress, passed on the 3d day of March, 1795. This is therefore to give notice, that the principal of the said navy six per cent. stock, with the interest due thereon, will on surren- der of the certificates, be paid on the 1st day of October next ensuing the date hereof, to the respective stockholders or their lawful repre- sentatives or attorneys duly constituted and au- thorised, either at the Treasury, or at the Loan office, as the case may be, where credits have been given for the amount of stock, respec- tively held by them; and that the principal of the five and half per cent. stock, with the interest due thereon, will in like manner, and at the same places, be paid on the 1st day of January, 1807, to the respective stockholders, or their lawful representatives or attorneys duly constituted and authorised. It is to be further known, for the informa- tion of the parties concerned, that no transfers of the navy six per cent. stock, either from or to the books of the treasury, or from or to the books of a Commissioner of Loans, will be al- lowed after the 1st day of September ensuing, nor of the five and half per cent. stock, after the 1st day of December ensuing. And the interest on all certificates of said stock, which shall not have been surrendered, in pursuance of this notification, will cease and determine, on the day preceding the day hereby fixed for the reimbursement thereof. ALBERT GALLATIN, Secretary of the Treasury. June 23-tf
A MILLER.
WANTED immediately, either a single man or one with a small family who can come well recommended for his honesty, industry, and sobriety, and capable of his business will meet with good accommodations, generous wages, and constant employment by applying to the subscriber near Winchester, Virginia. DAVID CARLILE. September 10-3t
By order of the Orphan's Court
of Prince George's county will be sold on Saturday the 26th inst. at the house of Ignatius Boone in the town of Nottingham, for a term of 20 years, one Negro Boy, 10 or 11 years of age, on a credit of 12 months, to satisfy debts due from the estate of the late Mrs. Ann Bradly Cox, of said county deceased. Bond with approved security will be required. AQUILA BEALL, Adm'r. Prince George's county, September 12-3t
STELLE'S HOTEL & CITY TAVERN.
THE Subscriber takes this method of thanking his friends and the public for their favors whilst on the Capitol Square and begs leave to acquaint them that he has taken the Spacious Hotel lately erected by Mr. Carroll, near the Capitol. The hotel being above one hundred feet in front, and containing fifty rooms enables the subscriber to offer every accommodation to members of Congress and travellers which can be expected in a public house. PONTIUS D. STELLE. Washington City, March 25-tf N. B.—P. D. S. will rent the house lately occupied by him on the adjoining square.
FOR SALE,
AT Bath (Berkeley Springs) Virginia, a HOUSE & LOT thereto belonging (late the property of Thomas Palmer, deceased.) The premises are calculated for a genteel family, or would make an excellent Boarding house, having thereon a smoke house, coach house and stables, with a garden laid out with much taste and inclosed with a good board fence. Also near the town, are for sale, SEVEN acres of LAND, inclosed with a stone wall. The whole will be sold very low, or ex- changed for property in or near any of the large towns or cities. Apply to John Davidson, Washington city, or to Wm. Alexander, esq. Bath, aforesaid. NOTE—If not sold, it will be let for the season. April 16-tf
Lots in Washington for Sale.
I will sell by public sale to the highest bidder at Rhode's tavern in the city of Washington on Wednesday the 1st of October next at 11 o'clock, A.M. LOTS numbers 13 and 14 in Square No. 341 in said city. These lots lie at a very little dis- tance from the Branch Bank. Six months credit will be given. The payment to be secured by notes negotiable at the bank of Columbia first, first endorsed. JOHN MURDOCH. Georgetown, September 2-tadof
66 DOLLARS REWARD. RANAWAY from the subscriber living in Prince George's county on Sunday the 29th inst. the three following slaves—a mulatto young man who calls himself BILL STEW- ART, he was born at Montgomery court house, was once the property of Honore Martin, was purchased of him by the late Rich. Contee who sold him to me; he is a likely well made fellow about 21 years of age, 5 feet 10 inches high, his hands and feet are large; the evening before he absconded he had his hair cut close; he had with him a variety of clothing, viz. 1 blue coat and overalls, one light colored beaver skin coat and overalls, 1 twandown waistcoats, 3 fine Irish linen shirts and some coarse shirts, three mullin neckcloths, a fine hat, price 7 dollars; he took away a prayer book, in the first page of which is written Mary Ducket.
JOE who calls himself Joe Grimes, also a mulatto, and HARRY, both young negro men about 21 years of age—the clothing of these cannot be described. Joe has one of his arms broken near the wrist, which makes it longer than the other; when he is spoken to he speaks fast as if his tongue was too large for his mouth. Harry, I am informed, has sev- eral large scars on his body and one of his thighs occasioned by burns when he was young. The above reward will be paid for confining the three in jail, or 50 dollars for confining Bill in jail so that I get him again. WALTER BOWIE. July 7-2awtf
A FACT.
THOSE indebted to me must make imme- diate payment, as I am determined to close my books finally, and all accounts which are not settled in a very short time will be put in a way for collection. Finding it very un- pleasant, and troublesome to make collections, that for the future sell for CASH only; which will be much more to my satisfaction, and give me the pleasure to do business quick- ly and twenty per cent. lower than any person who sells on credit. Shall have for sale a handsome assortment of reasonable substantial and fashionable goods; and by giving the best prices cash for tobacco shipped in this place. ROMULUS RIDGE. George Town, August 15-cp6w
PROPOSALS
FOR PUBLISHING A Geographical Description OF ALL THE STATES & TERRITORIES IN THE UNION, In separate volumes; with a particular and correct description of the several counties and towns, in each state. Illustrated with Maps; By JOSEPH SCOTT, Author of the United States' Gazetteer , the Modern Geographical Dictiona- ry in 4 vol. oct. a Geographical Dic- tionary of the United States of North America , &c. &c.
THE geographical description of each of the larger states, with the counties, towns, &c. will form a neat little volume of about 150 pages. Two of the smaller states may form a volume, or one of them may be com- prised in the same volume, with a larger ad- joining state, as Maryland and Delaware. Each volume will be complete in itself; so that subscribers may take one, two, &c. or the whole number. The paper, type, and size of the page, will exactly correspond with the description of Pennsylvania, now pub- lished; so that subscribers for the whole may have two or more bound together to suit their own taste. They will be published neatly done up in boards. The description of each state will be embell- ished with a handsome map. It is supposed that the whole will amount to about FOURTEEN LITTLE VOLUMES. A general description of the United States will be given in the last, which will render the whole the fullest, and most correct geographi- cal description of the United States, that has hitherto been published. The plan, which the author has adopted, is the most comprehensive that could be suggest- ed, as it will comprise under proper and dis- tinct heads, every thing worthy of notice. No money will be required till on the del- ivery of the work. The Price of each Volume will be Fifty Cents. The next volume will contain, A Geographical description of MARY- LAND and DELAWARE, illustrated with a Map of each state. The work is nearly ready for the press, and will soon be published. The Editors of newspapers, in Maryland, are requested to in- sert the above proposals twice. They will be paid on the publication of the work. August 10-tf
ELIAS B. CALDWELL,
ATTORNEY AT LAW, HAS removed his Office, to the house lately occupied by Mr. LAW, on Capitol Hill. Washington, July 26-tf
Twenty Dollars Reward.
WILL be given for apprehending and securing in jail a young Mulatto man slave named ANDREW. He was hired by me, last year to Mr. Joseph Thomas who keeps the road to ferry to Alexandria, and absconded from that place about the latter end of August last. He is about 23 years of age, 5 feet 8 or 9 inches high, lusty and well made, has short curly hair, and is frequently subject to have several large pimples on his face. He is reck- oned to be a troublesome fellow or an easy agree- able fellow for a man in his low sphere of life. As he has not been heard of by me since his absconding, I suppose he has had the audacity to slip himself as a freeman on board some vessel either at Alexandria or Baltimore. Whoever takes him up and secures him in jail shall receive from me the above reward, or as soon due information thereof is given to me or to Dr. M. P. Caulin at Port Tobacco. G. B. CAUSIN, Maryland Charles County. January 29-wtf
Valuable Property, for SALE.
THE subscriber offers for sale the following very valuable property: About 1000 acres of good land in Culpepper county in Virginia, lying on Flat run, and distant 30 miles from Frederickburg, and 60 from Alexandria and Washington. The im- provements are extensive, consisting of a large commodious dwelling house, and every other necessary building on an extensive scale, and all in order. The soil is calculated for the culture of Indian corn, wheat and tobacco and also produces grasses of all kinds. A three story brick house in the town of Alexandria, at the corner of King and Colum- bia streets, 40 by 20 feet, now occupied by Mr. John Roberts. It is calculated either for a store or dwelling house; also, a valuable unimproved lot, in the same town, on King- street. In the city of Washington, an elegant three story BRICK HOUSE, on F street, now in the occupation of Mr. Madison, with the framed building adjoining; a two story Erick House on M street fronting the Navy Yard, 34 by 24 feet, suited for both a store and dwelling; a two story Brick House, 34 by 22 feet, on square 831, lying between the Capitol and Navy Yard. The dwelling house and brewery now in lease to Dr. Coningham, two squares above the Navy Yard, on the Eastern Branch, ex- tremely calculated for a most extensive brewery and distillery; also, the valuable wharf on which the same stands, suited for a Lumber yard. The dwelling house I now live in, with five unimproved Lots adjoining, and an unim- proved Lot fronting the President's square. Terms, one third cash. For the balance will be given a credit of 6, 12 and 28 months, with interest; or will be taken for said bal- ance, lands in the Mississippi territory, in the vicinity of Natchez, or young negroes at a fair valuation. Should not the Virginia Lands be sold be- fore the 20th of October next, 700 acres of them will be offered for lease on good terms. Apply to Robert B. Vose, of Culpepper county, col. Geo. Denevie, of Alexandria, or to the subscriber in the city of Washington, near the navy yard. NICHOLAS VOSE. Sept. 3-xm.