The national intelligencer and Washington advertiser. (Washington City [D.C.]), 1803-10-21 00:00:00

NATIONAL INTELLIGENCER, AND WASHINGTON ADVERTISER.
VOL. III.
WASHINGTON CITY, PRINTED BY SAMUEL HARRISON SMITH, PENNSYLVANIA AVENUE.
No. CCCLXVIII.
FIVE DOLLARS PER ANN.
FRIDAY, OCTOBER 21 st , 1803.
PAID IN ADVANCE.
NATIONAL INTELLIGENCER.
A DEFENCE OF REPUBLICAN GOVERNMENTS. LETTER XVII.
Republican Governments inimical to war and luxury.
The great corrupters of mankind have been war and luxury. Whether we consider the expence they produce, the destruction of lives they occasion, the vipers they generate, the famines they give rise to, the tyranny they establish, or the prostration of morality they cause, they may be denominated the severest scourges of the human race.
It is as much in the nature of a republican government to avoid or repress these, as it is in the nature of a monarchy to cherish and extend them.
The administrators of a republican government will be slow to engage in war, and ready to make an honorable peace, after war shall have become inevitable. They will be slow to make war from that check upon them which exists in the good sense of the people. Few of the most successful wars that have ever been waged have conducted even to the benefit of the triumphant nation. This fact will be so well understood among a free and enlightened people, that they will not be disposed, for a slight cause, to incur the hazards and miseries of war. So far, therefore, as the cause of war originates with them, they will rarely exist, because, having no limited ends to answer, and being necessarily guided alone by the general good, they will not permit their passions to be played off for the advancement of ambitious and depraved rulers. "The spirit of monarchy," says Montesquieu, "is war and enlargement of dominion: peace and moderation is the spirit of a Republic."
Neither will republics if disposed, be prepared to rush heedlessly into wars. Possessed of but an inconsiderable military force, they will not have at command the means of immediate aggression, before armies can be raised and navies equipped, time will have been afforded for consideration and cool reflection, and many intervening chances arise of accommodation, unknown to governments where, in general, with an irrational phrensy, the blow of hostility is often struck before the declaration of its existence is made.
In monarchies, the feeds of war are thickly sown. The immense legions of standing mercenaries, whose occupation is war, and whose expectations of wealth or glory arise altogether from the existence of wars, will operate, with perpetual force, to their production. The energy and aggrandizement of power, which the executive power always finds in war, where their existence depends upon his will, will also constantly tend to produce them; while in republican governments, where the declaration of war is an act of the immediate representatives of the people, the opposite effect will necessarily follow. In short, it is evident, than in republics, where the general welfare is the best of all measures, and where they can only stand so long as they are considered promotive of it, there will be the least temptation to war; while in monarchies, where the glory of the king, and the interest of his favorites, are the great objects of rulers, there will exist the strongest temptation.
"A new distemper, says Montesquieu, has spread itself over Europe, infecting our princes, and inducing them to keep up an enormous number of troops. It has its redoubtings, and of necessity becomes contagious. For, as soon as one prince augments his forces, the rest of courts do the same; so that nothing is gained thereby but the public ruin. Each monarch keeps as many armies on foot as if his people were in danger of being exterminated; and they give the name of peace to this general effort of all against all. Thus is Europe ruined to such a degree, that were private people to be in the same situation as the three most opulent powers of this part of the globe, they would not have necessary subsistence. We are poor with the riches and commerce of the whole world; and soon, by thus augmenting our troops, we shall be all soldiers, and be reduced to the very same situation as the Tartars."
"Great princes, not satisfied with hiring or buying troops of petty states, make it their business on all sides to pay subsidies for alliances, that is, general-
ly to throw away their money."
"The consequence of such a situation is the perpetual augmentation of taxes; and the mischief, which prevents all future remedy, is, that they reckon no more upon their revenues, but in waging war against their whole capitals. It is no unusual thing to see governments mortgage their funds even in the time of peace, and to employ what they call extraordinary means to ruin themselves; means so extraordinary indeed, that such are hardly thought on by the most extravagant young spend-thrift."
Let us compare the state of a pacific republic with a warlike monarchy. In the former industry is permitted without shackles or restraint to pursue the direction given it by human ingenuity, rewarding the individual and enriching the state; in the latter it is subject to perpetual interruption and obstruction. The consequence must be a great pecuniary benefit to the former, and an equal detriment to the latter. Supposing one man in twenty to be under arms, and this is a moderate computation, there will be, in a monarchy, containing as many souls as the United States, sixty thousand individuals detached from the ordinary pursuits of life, the produce of whose labour may be estimated at ten millions of dollars a year. In addition to this loss is to be added the expence of supporting them, and this, connected with the incidental expences of war, will amount to at least twenty millions more. The annual loss to the nation will therefore be equal to thirty millions. This will be equivalent to a tax upon every person, subject to taxation, of at least thirty dollars a year. Well then may the philanthropic Fenelon say, "that war is the most dreadful of all evils by which Heaven has afflicted man."
"It never fails to exhaust the state, and endanger its destruction, with whatever success it is carried on. Though it may be commenced with advantage, it can never be finished without danger of the most fatal reverse of fortune. With whatever superiority of strength an engagement is begun, the least mistake, the slightest accident, may turn the scale and give victory to the enemy. Nor can a nation that should be always victorious prosper: it would destroy itself by destroying others: the country would be depopulated, the soil untitled, and trade interrupted: and what is worse, the best laws would lose their force, and a corruption of manners insensibly take place. Literature will be neglected among the youth; the troops, conscious of their own importance, will indulge themselves in the most pernicious licentiousness with impunity, and the disorder will necessarily spread through all the branches of government."
In aggravation of these sources, of expence are to be taken into the estimate the desolations produced by wars, the orphaned families, left as a burthen upon the society, and the diminished value of lands, in countries, where their value intimately depends upon the number of the cultivators.
Nor is this all; the very causes of injury to the warlike monarchy will be sources of advantage to the pacific republic, of whom a greater demand will be made of her productions, which will at once advance her finances and quicken the industry of her citizens; so that often as much will be gained by the one as is lost by the other.
Let any man the least acquainted with numbers, pursue the pacific republic and the warlike monarchy through a succession of years, and mark the comparative effect of their policy, whereby the one incurs an actual annual loss of thirty millions, and the other derives from her losses a positive benefit, and he will see that while the wise policy of the republic leads her to solid prosperity, the mad policy of the monarchy must end in ruin.
A rational being, aloof from the passions that agitate nations, would, from this view alone, conclude that nations would as sedulously avoid, as they in fact did wars. This would be the case did nations govern themselves. But the world abounds with usurpation, force has become a substitute for reason; and the only study of courts now is, not how to advance the interests of nations, but how to manage their concerns so as to ensure to themselves the greatest personal benefits. Nations, in the eyes of rulers, are as much their property, as mules are the property of their drivers; and if they are not depressed to a state of inextricable ruin and annihilation, it is because tyrants, alive to their own interest, have felt enough to preserve the sources of their greatness.
This is only a delineation of the pecuniary effects of war. Its other effects are still more important. It begets an
influence of power in rulers that exposes their subjects to every species of indignity and oppression; it encroaches upon liberty and often destroys it; it breaks the spirits of the nation; it lessens the love of labor by depriving industry of its legitimate reward; it converts fertile and smiling fields into barren and frowning deserts; it destroys national tranquility and personal security; it scatters famine in one direction and desolation in another; it robs the child of its father, and the wife of her only protector; and expels both to all the temptations of vice; in fine, it sports with human lives as of no value, and with the happiness of millions as unworthy of regard. It ruins all the felicity that nations possess for misfortune, misery and ruin.
Yet this is the idol of ambition, the object of its warmest desires, the end of its most strenuous exertions. Even in the midst of a nation, encompassed with every ingredient of felicity, rich in the fertility of her fields, in the extension of her commerce, and still richer in the liberty of her citizens, the voice of this criminal passion dares to rise in recommendation of war. And for what? For national honor, chimerical distinction! And this voice, in any other country but this, guarded by republican institutions, would not have been lifted in vain. Far in other countries the people would not have been consulted; or not respected, because not possessed of the means of making themselves feared. But thank God! here they enjoy the means of making themselves respected and feared too. Here they think for themselves with calmness, and act with vigor. Their friendship is the shield, their resentment the terror of rulers. Having realised the blessings of peace, and the miseries of war, they will long, it is to be hoped, preserve the one and avert the other.
Too lively an abhorrence of war cannot be too implanted in the hearts of free men. While our statesmen and legislators adopt proper measures to avert it, our orators and poets, our public teachers, whether from the pulpit or the press, should enlist the energies of truth against it. Delineations of its horrid atrocities are every where to be found in the writings of the best and the greatest men that ever lived. It has not only received the denunciation of the enthusiastic liberty, but of all moral writers. Let these delineations be republished & enforced by appropriate comments; and let the free citizen of a republic learn, from the experience of others, not only their misfortunes but his own happiness.
Parting on this example recommended to others, we offer the following pictures drawn by two eminent artists in the political world: neither of whom can be charged with intentionally exaggerating their colours.
The first is by Dr. JOHNSON, who says:
"The life of a modern soldier is ill represented by heroic fiction. War has means of destruction more formidable than the cannon and the sword. Of the thousands and ten thousands that perish in our late contests with France and Spain, a very small part ever felt the stroke of an enemy; the rest languished in tents and ships, amidst damps, and putrefaction; pale, torpid, spiritless, and helpless; gasping and groaning, unpitied among men, made obdurate by long continuance of hopeless misery; and were at last whelmed in pits, or heaved into the ocean, without notice and without remembrance. By innumerable encampments and unwholesome stations, where courage is useless, and enterprize impracticable, fleets are silently peopled, and armies duggishly melted away."
"Thus is a people gradually exhausted, for the most part with little effect. The wars of civilized nations make very few changes in the system of empire. The public perceive scarcely any alteration but an increase of debt; and the few individuals who are benefitted, are not supposed to have the clearest rights to their advantages. If he that shared the danger enjoyed the profit, and after bleeding in the battle grew rich by the victory, he might show his gains without envy. But at the conclusion of a ten years war, how are we recompensed for the death of multitudes and the expence of millions, but by contemplating the sudden glories of paymasters and agents, contractors and commissaries, whose equipages shine like meteors, and whose palaces rise like exhalations."
"These are the men who, without virtue, labour, or hazard, are growing rich as their country is impoverished; they rejoice when obstinacy or ambition adds another year to slaughter and devastation; and laugh from their decks at bravery and science, while they are ad-
ding figure to figure, and cypher to cypher, ooping for a new contract from a new armament, and computing the profits of a siege or temp- st ."
The other is by Edmund Burke, in giving an account of British cruelties in India:
"When at length Hyder Ali found that he had to do with men (servants of the East-India Company) who either would sign no convention, or whom no treaty, and no signature could bind, and who were the determined enemies of human intercourse itself, he decreed to make the country possessed by these incorrigible and predestinated criminals a memorable example to mankind. He resolved, in the gloomy recesses of a mind capacious of such things, to leave the whole Carnatic an everlasting monument of vengeance; and to put perpetual desolation as a barrier between him and those against whom the faith which holds the moral elements of the world together was no protection. He became at length so confident of his force, so collected in his might, that he made no secret whatever of his dreadful resolution. Having terminated his disputes with every enemy, and every rival, who buried their mutual animosities in their common detestation against the creditors of the Nabob of Arcot, he drew from every quarter, whatever a savage ferocity could add to his new rudiments in the arts of destruction; and compounding all the materials of fury, havoc and desolation into one black cloud, he hung for a while on the declivities of the mountains. Whilst the authors of all these evils were idly and stupidly gazing on this menacing meteor, which blackened all their horizon, it suddenly burst, and poured down the whole of its contents upon the plains of the Carnatic. Then ensued a scene of woe, the like of which no eye had seen, no heart conceived, and which no tongue can adequately tell. All the horrors of war before known or heard of, were mercy to that new havoc. A storm of universal fire blasted every field, consumed every house, destroyed every temple. The miserable inhabitants flying from their flaming villages, in part were slaughtered; others, without regard to sex, to age, to the respect of rank, or sacredness of function; fathers torn from children, husbands from wives, enveloped in a whirlwind of cavalry, and amidst the goading spears of drivers, and the trampling of pursuing horses, were swept into captivity, in an unknown and hostile land. Those who were able to evade this tempest, fled to the walled cities. But escaping from fire, sword and exile, they fell into the jaws of famine."
"For eighteen months, without intermission, this destruction raged from the gates of Madras to the gates of Tanjore; and to completely did these masters in their art, Hyder Ali, and his more ferocious son, absolve themselves of their impious vow, that when the British armies traversed, as they did the Carnatic for hundreds of miles in all directions, through the whole line of their march they did not see one man, not one woman, not one child, not one four-footed beast of any description whatever. One dead uniform silence reigned over the whole region."
FROM THE WESTERN SPY.
TO THE PRINTERS OF THE SPY, Gentlemen,
As the U. States are soon to acquire the possession of Louisiana, it may not be unapt to offer you a few notes that principally relate to the Missouri. They were made with others, several years ago, while the writer was in Upper Louisiana, and in the way of obtaining the best possible information concerning a region so little known to the world.
Cincinnati, Sept. 23, 1803.
THE Missouri, which ought to have taken the name of Upper Mississippi, in preference to the smaller branch so called, has, according to the fugitives, its source in a chain of mountains, at no great distance from California. There is said to be a considerable cataract near the source. Fifteen years before C— of St. Louis, (whom I shall have frequent occasion to name) ascended this great river, to the distance of 500 leagues, in a general direction of West North-west. No other person before him had ever penetrated so far—and none perhaps have since succeeded that distance—to the source remains yet unknown to all but the savages. What ever, then, may be said here of the river and country beyond this point, must be ascribed to information derived from the remote Indians.
After running a course of two or three and twenty hundred miles, the Missouri debouches into the Mississippi, in lat. 38, 74, N. being about 151 1/2 W. from Philadelphia, and five leagues above St. Louis des Illinois, capital of Upper Louisiana. In ascending this stream, we find all its larger branches uniting with it on the southern shore—there being but few waters, and those inconsiderable, that empty on the opposite side.
The current of the Missouri is extremely rapid, very muddy, and far more difficult to ascend, than the Mississippi. Its turbidness is occasioned by a large river called, the Plate, which rolling impetuously for some distance through a sandy desert, rushes into the other, on its southern side, about 200 leagues from its mouth. The turbulence and impetuosity of the Plate are now communicated to the water of the Missouri and descend, though diminished, with the Mississippi, down to the Mexican gulf. Above the Plate, the stream of the Missouri is said to be clear and gentle, as is that of the Mississippi, above the Missouri's mouth. And yet we are told, that all the waters which fall in above the Plate are muddy, except one, while all below it are clear. If this be true, it proves an astonishing degree of mud-dingels in the latter. Travellers do say, that about a fourth part of its bulk is formed of mud and sand—and so impetuous its stream, that although boats have sometimes ventured down, yet none ever attempted to ascend it.—Even the name of this river, it would appear to be embarrassed with shams. The desert through which the Plate takes its course, is said to extend a hundred miles on both sides; that it is made up of hills and plains, of arid sand—that in high winds, vast bodies of sand are taken up, and carried through the air, burying irrecoverably whatever they happen to fall upon—and that in this dreary tract, there is little or no vegetation, nor any animals to be seen, excepting a species of rabbit, and an animal of the goat kind.—Nor is it inhabited by any of the human race.
I have in my hands, the copy of an original M. S. map in the possession of a gentleman there high in office. It embraces the whole of the Missouri and Mississippi, with their waters and lays down (among other things) the various nations and tribes of savages, inhabiting these extensive regions. According to this map, the Plate extends southwardly between 12 and fourteen hundred miles, interlocking its head waters with those of la Riviere du Nord, [North River] down which stands the city of Santa Fe, where the Spaniards have valuable gold mines.
About two hundred leagues further up the Missouri, that is, beyond the Plate's mouth, there is a remarkable bend called the Grand Detour, concerning the extent and position of which my informants were not perfectly agreed; some making it describe a circuit of 30 or 40 leagues; but Mr. C— in whose intelligence I place great confidence, affirms that it does not exceed eighteen leagues. Be that as it may—the beginning and end of this bend approach so near to each other, that a man can walk across the neck between them in half a day—whereas it takes up 8 or 9 days to row up the stream, around it. Hence it would appear, that the stream here is by no means placid—and therefore an exception to what is said before, as to gentleness of the current above the river Plate.—My map lays down this bend, as north of the general course of the river; but I have been told, it takes the opposite position.
In the neighbourhood of the grand Detour and about ten leagues from the river, on its northern side, there is a fiery volcano mountain, which is frequently in a state of eruption. This will account for the punning stones so often found floating down the Missouri, and Lower Mississippi. To this Volcano may be attributed a smart shock of an earthquake, felt at K. de Skia, &c. at 3 O'clock, in the morning, January 8 h, 1795, and which came in an apt direction from the mountain.
The navigation of the Missouri is attended with difficulty and danger; danger from its numerous quicksands, and difficulty from the obstinacy of the current. The quicksands lie sometimes in shoal water, and sometimes form dry
* A description of this goat-like animal, lately appeared in many of the public prints.
† Some years after the above was written, certain travellers proceeded to the mountain, and found it raging, they could not approach within a mile of it, for fear of suffocation from the sulphureous fumes it sent forth.

was, or islands of various extent. If a boat happen to strike on one of the former, it is usual for the hands instantly to leap into the water, and push her off. Without this precaution, the sand would quickly boil over both bows and gunwales, and swallow up the boat.
While at St. Louis, I was informed of a melancholy catastrophe that once happened to a party of traders on their return. Having landed on a dry sand bar to take some refreshment, the bar suddenly disappeared, carrying down with it both men and boats.
There is a non-descript quadruped found high up the Missouri, about the size of a full grown elk. He is covered with a coat of long fine hair, and has a horn on each side of the head, which turning upwards describes a volute and passes off horizontally parallel with the nose. Some of these horns were presented to the commandant of St. Louis, who informed me, that their diameter, at the root, was equal to the crown of his hat. He had sent them to the Baron de Carondelet, gov. general of Louisiana which deprived me of the satisfaction of seeing them. This animal is said to be docile and very useful to the natives, as a beast of burden or an article of food.
Buffaloes are extremely numerous in the Missouri country, as far, at least, as it has been explored, and of various importance to the Indians. The flesh affords a nutritious and well flavoured aliment. Spoons, drinking vessels &c. are made of the horns. The tallow, and bones serve for several purposes. The hide they dress with the brains, leaving on the wool, and often decorating the other side with paints, or an embroidery of porcupine quills, dyed of various colours, of which the red, yellow, and black are brilliant; and sometimes both are employed together. Thus dressed, they serve as mats, mantles, and blankets, wearing the woolly side inwards in winter, and outwards in summer. They form besides an important article of traffic, many thousand of the dressed skins being brought into St. Louis, on every return of the Ausage and Missouri companies' servants. These robes de Buffe, as the French term them, are much used in the Illinois country, both by Spaniards and French, as coverlets in winter; and numbers are sent to New Orleans, and sold to the shipping. Their wool might be valuable employed in the manufacture of felt hats; and the horns, which are of a glossy black, and readily take a high polish, are convertible to many purposes, both useful and ornamental; such as drinking vessels, handles for knives, forks and cutlasses, powder-horns, &c.
As to the country of the Missouri, it is reported to be desirable for the extent of 8 or 10 leagues from either margin of the river; and then it becomes sterile and sandy, intermixed with high hills. How far the barren country extends I am not informed.
With respect to the natives, it appears the farther they are removed from intercourse with the whites, the more civil and hospitable they are to strangers. As an instance, I was furnished with the following anecdote by the gentlemen who gave rise to it.
"Having penetrated up the river so far that no white man had ever been seen there before, he landed at an Indian village. The chief dispatched to the party four Indians, with a buffalo robe, with orders to bring up the leading man of the party. Mr. C. being pointed out to them as such, was (without even a word on their part) forcibly seized and thrown upon the robe. Each Indian now took hold of a corner of it, bore him off to the town, and placed him before the chief. A bowl of water was immediately presented for the stranger to drink—and thus ended a ceremony, rough enough in its outset, by which Mr. C. was ad- pted as a friend in the family of the chief, for whatever time he might think proper to remain in the nation.
Among this people there was an Indian known by the name of the Liar. An appellation so novel excited the curiosity of Mr. C. He desired the Indian to explain the cause of it. 'I have been a great traveller' said the savage. 'I once went to a very far country' (pointing in the direction of California) 'where I was stopped by a great water' (supposed to be the Pacific ocean) 'and there I met with a man made like myself, but who was all over black, and his head was covered with black wool. On my return hither, I described the man I had seen; but nobody would believe me—and ever since they have dubbed me the liar.' 'Oh!' says Mr. C. there was nothing extraordinary in the man you met with. If you were to come to my town, I could shew a hundred men as woolly and as black as the man you saw.' The poor savage leaped for joy at this corroboration of his disputed veracity, and ran through the village to communicate it. The Indians flocked around C. to hear from himself, the marvellous story. They received it, with marks of astonishment; and the liar was restored to his original name and credit.
WASHINGTON CITY.
FRIDAY, OCTOBER 21.
REPUBLICAN TRIBUTE TO ILLUSTRIOUS MERIT.
The House of Representatives of the United States have paid a tribute of respect to the memory of SAMUEL ADAMS, honorable to him, and honorable to themselves. The friends of that great and good man,—and who of the American people are not his friends, who, in times of peril, was their friend, will feel, with patriotic sensibility, this distinguished mark of a nation's favor. Before him have passed into eternity, full of age and of glory, a Washington and a Franklin, leaving impressions of imperishable gratitude upon the hearts of their countrymen, and rich in the admiration and esteem of the world. A like distinction has been conferred on them, and, we believe, on them only. Dear, then, and emphatic is the bestowal of that honor, which the talents and virtues of a Franklin and Washington earned.
Under the head of Congressional proceedings, our readers will peruse with pleasure the appropriate and eloquent remarks with which Mr. Randolph introduced the resolution, adopted by the House, and which was immediately agreed to by an unanimous vote.
NEW JERSEY ELECTION.
In Hunterdon county the republican ticket has succeeded by a majority of between four and five hundred.
In Monmouth, the republican ticket has prevailed by a majority of 841.
In Cumberland county, the republican ticket has prevailed by a majority of 317.
In Salem county, the republican ticket has prevailed by a majority of 500.
In Essex county, the republican ticket has prevailed by a majority of nearly 2,000.
In Gloucester county, the republican ticket has prevailed by a majority of 146.
In Sussex and Morris counties the republican tickets have prevailed by large majorities.—Middlesex, Somerset, Cape May, Bergen, and Burlington, are probably federal.
By several concurrent letters, derived from the best informed sources, it is certain that a large majority of republican members have been elected to both branches of the legislature; and though not absolutely ascertained, it is highly probable that the numbers will stand as follows:
   Repub. Fed.     In Assembly— 25 14   Council— 8 5   32 19   19  
Maj. in joint meeting 14
The victory is, therefore, in all respects complete. The republicans, having both branches of the legislature, will be able to pass suitable laws for the choice of Electors of a President and Vice-President, & of Representatives to Congress; and will, in joint meeting, designate proper individuals for Governor, Senator, Chief Justice, and other important offices.
Still more important is this bold prevalence of republican sentiments. The accession of New-Jersey makes three-fourths of the state legislatures republican, and renders the amendment of the Constitution of the United States practicable.
In our last New York was erroneously stated as sending six federal representatives to Congress, whereas in truth she only sends five.
On Saturday the 15th instant Jacob Van Nels and John C. Dent, Esqs. of this city, were after due examination qualified and admitted by the General Court of this state, now in Session at Annapolis, as Counsellors and attorneys at Law.
CONGRESS.
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES.
WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 19, 1803.
The House resolved itself into a committee of the whole, Mr. VARNUM in the chair—on the proposition, amendatory of the Constitution , offered on Monday by Mr. Dawson, as follows:
Resolved, By the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States
of America, in Congress assembled, Two-thirds of both Houses concurring, that the following article be proposed to the legislatures of the several states, as an amendment to the Constitution of the United States, which when ratified by three-fourths of the said legislatures, shall be valid to all intents and purposes, as part of the said Constitution, viz.
That in all future elections of President and Vice President, the persons voted for shall be particularly designated, by declaring which is voted for as President, and which as Vice President.
Mr. NICHOLSON said the proposition now under consideration contemplated an important amendment of the constitution, and he thought it the duty of the House to render it so plain and intelligible, that hereafter no room should be left for doubt. The circumstances attending the election of the present chief Magistrate were uncommon in their nature, and he believed had left an almost universal impression upon the public mind, that some amendment to the constitution should be adopted. In doing this however it was necessary, that the amendment should clearly and precisely express the meaning of those who are to adopt it as a rule for the future government of their conduct. The motion before the committee was sufficiently correct as far as it went, but in his opinion if that alone were to be agreed to, the constitution itself would be extremely equivocal, & future legislatures would be involved in difficulties not very far inferior to those from which we are anxious to relieve them. The constitution as it now stands, provides that the electors shall assemble and vote for two persons, that the votes thus given shall be sealed up, and sent to the President of the Senate and by him shall be opened in presence of both Houses of Congress, and that the person having the greatest number of votes, if such number be a majority of all the electors appointed, shall be the president; but if more than one have an equal number then the House of Representatives is to choose one of them as president; and if no person have a majority then the House are to choose from the five highest on the list, one of them as president. In all cases however, it is further provided after the choice of a President, the person having the greatest number of votes shall be the Vice-President. Thus, the constitution now stands; but if it is amended in the manner proposed, it may be extremely uncertain what part of the original constitution is annulled and what is to remain in force—These are to be left to future construction—to make himself more fully comprehended, Mr. N. said he would suppose a case. After adopting the proposed amendment A. and B. being voted for as president have an equal number of the votes of the electors, neither having a majority, and C. and D. have an equal number of votes for Vice-President, neither of these having a majority. In such an event the constitution as it now stands provides that the House of Representatives shall choose a president from the five highest on the list, and unless this provision is annulled by the amendment now proposed, a person voted for by the electors as vice president, may be chosen by this House as president. Again—A. and B. being voted for as president, have an equal number of votes, but neither has a majority; C. D. & E. being voted for as Vice-President have likewise an equal number of votes, but neither of them have as great a number as the two first. Here agreeably to the constitution as it now stands, after the president is chosen, the person having the greatest number of votes is to be the Vice President, and of course, the choice must fall upon a man who has not been voted for by the electors as Vice President, but, upon one who has been voted for as President. If these difficulties occur at this time, they will certainly present themselves with much more force, when the facts alluded to happen; and that they may happen no one can deny. To prevent these difficulties, Mr. N. said was his object, and for this purpose he had prepared an amendment to the proposition under consideration. Too extensive a latitude of construction, he had always thought dangerous, as a very great difference of construction might honestly be given, by different men. The committee would discover after hearing the amendment, which he was about to offer, that although he might be mistaken in the opinions he had offered, yet the safest course would be to adopt it. He was anxious to prevent all possibility of doubt on future occasions and to make that clear and unequivocal, which in his opinion would otherwise be involved in obscurity. He then offered the following amendment, to the proposition originally moved by Mr. Dawson.
"The person voted for as President, having the greatest number of votes, shall be the President, if such number be a majority of all the electors appointed; and if no person have such majority, then from the five highest on the list of those voted for as President, the House of Representatives shall immediately elect, by ballot one of them as President. And in every case, the person voted for as Vice President, having the greatest number of votes shall be the
Vice President; but if there should be two or more who have equal votes, the Senate shall elect one of them for Vice President."
Mr. DAWSON observed that the resolution, offered by him, was, in his opinion sufficiently clear and precise. But as the gentleman from Maryland (Mr. Nicholson) thought otherwise, he had no objection to the amendment proposed by him.
Mr. CLOPTON said, that he approved of the principle introduced in the amendment proposed by the gentleman from Maryland, (Mr. Nicholson) but he considered the amendment as liable to some objection—that it was susceptible of objection inasmuch as it proposed to extend to this house a right of deciding the election, by choosing a President amongst five persons in case an event should happen to us, as to render their decision necessary; and that the same objection might be raised to that part of it which related to the election of Vice-President, in case the interposition of the Senate should become necessary for that purpose. He said that, if the gentleman from Maryland would permit the word five to be struck out, and the word two to be inserted, he thought the amendment would then be more conformable to the principles of a representative government. Mr. C. said that he conceived the reason, which induced the extension of a right to make a legislative decision from the five highest on the list, in case no person should have a majority of electoral votes, arose from a circumstance, which could not happen if the proposed amendment to the Constitution should be adopted. He said the circumstance he alluded to was that under the existing mode, which requires each elector to vote for two persons indiscriminately, without designating whether for President or for Vice-President, there might be 4 persons, each of whom might have a number of votes but a little less than a majority of the whole number of electors appointed; and it might so happen that 5 persons might have a number equal to two fifths of the whole number. He said that therefore it appeared proper to him that the right of choosing from the five highest on the list should be extended to the legislature under the existing mode, as two fifths were so considerable a proportion of the whole number; but, if the proposed amendment, (which requires that the persons voted for should be designated whether voted for as President or as Vice-President) should be adopted, the reason, which existed and heretofore rendered the provision a proper one, will then entirely cease; for each of even two persons cannot then have a majority of the whole number of electoral votes either on the list designated for President or on the list designated for Vice-President. As, therefore, the operation of the resolution, if agreed to and adopted as an amendment to the constitution, will so materially differ from the operation of the existing mode, he thought the alteration he proposed to the amendment of the gentleman from Maryland would be expedient. He said he begged leave to state a case, which might happen even at the next election, if that amendment should be introduced into the resolution without the alteration he proposed. He said that at the next election there will be 176 electors; and it might so happen that one person might have 86 votes, a second person might have 87 votes; a third person might have 1 vote; a fourth person might have 1 vote, and a fifth person might have 1 vote. If therefore the number five, as proposed by the amendment of the gentleman from Maryland, should be retained, either of those persons, to whom only one electoral vote had been given, might be chosen, and both of those persons, one of whom had 86 votes, the other 87 votes, might be rejected. Mr. C. said that he could not conceive that any member of this committee would agree that such a decision could be proper or any way consistent with the vital principles of our government. He therefore wished that the gentleman from Maryland would consent to the alteration he had the honor to suggest to the committee, and after the clause immediately succeeding the word proposed to be struck out, words to this effect might be added, if on the list designated for President, no person shall have a majority of the whole number of electors appointed, then from the two highest on that list the House of Representatives shall choose, by ballot, one of them for President; unless more than two persons shall have an equal number of votes, in which case the said House shall in like manner choose one of those persons for President: And that a similar clause might be inserted in relation to a final decision of the election of Vice-President in case no person should have a majority of electoral votes on the list designated for Vice-President.
Mr. C. said that he believed the proposition, if confirmed to the ideas suggested by him, would be more likely to ensure the ultimate election of President and Vice-President according to the will of the people, as the electoral votes are to be considered as their expression of the public will, than if the amendment should be agreed to exactly as proposed by the gentleman from Maryland; and
if the alteration suggested did not obtain his assent, he (Mr. C.) begged leave to move the committee to that effect.
Mr. NICHOLSON could not say that he had any material objection to the amendment recommended by the gentleman from Virginia (Mr. Clopton). In framing the resolution he had submitted, he had pursued the language of the Constitution by inferring the word "five." The object of the gentleman might be obtained by striking out the word "five." To give time, however, for the House to reflect on the subject, and to compare the several propositions, he would move that the committee should rise.
This motion was carried without dissent; when the House ordered the resolutions to be printed.
On motion of Mr. Mitchell, the resolution, offered yesterday by Mr. Randolph, referring to several parts of the President's Message to a select committee, were referred to the Committee of Commerce and Manufactures, and the Select Committee discharged from the further consideration of them.
Ayes 55—Noes 40.
MOURNING
FOR
SAMUEL ADAMS.
Mr. J. Randolph observed that it had been lately announced to the public that one of the earliest patriots of the revolution had paid his last debt to nature. He had hoped that some other gentleman, better qualified for the task, would have undertaken to call the attention of the House to this interesting event. It could not indeed be a matter of deep regret that one of the first statesmen of our country had descended to the grave full of years and full of honors,—that his character and fame were put beyond the reach of that time and chance to which every thing mortal is exposed;—but it became that House to cherish a sentiment of veneration for such men—since such men are rare—and to keep alive the spirit to which they owed the constitution under which they were then deliberating. This great man, the associate of Hancock, share with him the honor of being proscribed by a flagitious ministry, whose object was to triumph over the liberties of their country, by trampling on those of her colonies. With his great compatriot he made an early and decided stand against British encroachment, whilst souls more timid, were trembling and irresolute. It is the glorious privilege of minds of this stamp to give an impulse to a people and fix the destiny of nations.
Mr. R. said that he felt himself every way unequal to the attempt of doing justice to the merits of their departed country man. Called upon by the occasion to pay something, he could not have said less. He would not, by any poor eulogium of his, enfeeble the sentiment which pervaded the House; but content himself with moving the following resolution.
Resolved unanimously, that this House is penetrated with a full sense of the eminent services rendered to his country in the most arduous times by the late SAMUEL ADAMS, deceased; and that the members thereof wear crape on the left arm for one month, in testimony of the national gratitude and reverence towards the memory of that undaunted and illustrious patriot.
Mr. ELLIOT, (a new member from Vermont) spoke as follows:—
Mr. Speaker. If any apology could be necessary for a new member, unversed in parliamentary proceedings, to offer for rising so early in the session, it would be, that the topic which arrests his attention, is connected with the illustrious and ever memorable name of Samuel Adams. The eloquence of the gentleman from Virginia, I shall not attempt to rival; his remarks were peculiarly impressive, and the more so from his remarking that he was unable to do justice to the subject. I have been extremely affected by his calling the attention of the House to the circumstance that the name of that patriot was united with that of John Hancock in an exemption from the general pardon which the British government offered to those American revolutionists, whom they dared to lyle rebels. The longer I should address the House upon this subject, the more feeble would be my language, as the greater would be my sensibility. I shall, therefore, only farther observe that I shall most cordially support the motion of the gentleman from Virginia.
The question was then taken on Mr. Randolph's motion, which was agreed to UNANIMOUSLY.
Mr. NICHOLSON observed that on occasions like the present, it had been usual for the House to adjourn. He, therefore, moved an adjournment which was carried.

National Intelligencer. WASHINGTON CITY FRIDAY OCTOBER 21.
Yesterday at about 5 o'clock P. M. the Senate ratified the LOUISIANA TREATY; twenty-four votes in the affirmative, and seven in the negative; there were eight federal Senators present; but Mr. Dayton, we understand, voted in the affirmative.
We congratulate our fellow-citizens on the prompt approbation given by the Senate to this important act. The Treaty, as advised to be ratified by the Senate, and which we have no doubt will in a short time receive the final ratification and promulgation by the President of the United States, is as follows:
TREATY BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AND THE FRENCH REPUBLIC.
THE President of the United States of America, and the First Consul of the French Republic, in the name of the French people, desiring to remove all source of misunderstanding relative to objects of discussion mentioned in the second and fifth articles of the convention of the 8th Vendemiaire an. 9, (30th September, 1800.) relative to the rights claimed by the United States, in virtue of the treaty concluded at Madrid the 27th of October, 1795, between his Catholic Majesty and the said United States, and willing to strengthen the union and friendship which, at the time of the said convention was happily re-established between the two nations, have respectively named their plenipotentiaries, to wit, the President of the United States, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate of the said States, Robert R. Livingston, minister plenipotentiary of the United States, and James Monroe, minister plenipotentiary and envoy extraordinary of the said States, near the government of the French Republic; and the First Consul, in the name of the French people, citizen Francis Barbe Marbois, minister of the public treasury, who, after having respectively exchanged their full powers, have agreed to the following articles:
ARTICLE I. WHEREAS, by the article the third of the treaty concluded at St. Ildefonso, the 9th Vendemiaire, an. 9 (11th October, 1800.) between the First Consul of the French Republic and his Catholic Majesty, it was agreed as follows: "His Catholic Majesty promises and engages on his part, to cede to the French Republic, six months after the full and entire execution of the conditions and stipulations herein relative to "his royal highness the duke of Parma, the colony or province of Louisiana, with the same extent that it now has "in the hands of Spain, and that it had "when France possessed it; and such as "it should be after the treaties subsequently entered into between Spain "and other states."
And whereas, in pursuance of the treaty, and particularly of the third article, the French Republic has an incontestable title to the domain and to the possession of the said territory. The First Consul of the French Republic desiring to give to the United States a strong proof of his friendship, doth hereby cede to the said United States, in the name of the French Republic, for ever and in full sovereignty, the said territory with all its rights and appurtenances, as fully and in the same manner as they have been acquired by the French Republic in virtue of the above mentioned treaty, concluded with his Catholic Majesty.
Article II. In the cession made by the preceding article are included the adjacent islands belonging to Louisiana, all public lots and squares, vacant lands, and all public buildings, fortifications, barracks, and other edifices which are not private property. The archives, papers and documents, relative to the domain and sovereignty of Louisiana and its dependencies, will be left in the possession of the commissioners of the United States, and copies will be afterwards given in due form to the magistrates and municipal officers, of such of the said papers and documents as may be necessary to them.
Article III. The inhabitants of the ceded territory shall be incorporated in the union of the United States, and admitted as soon as possible, according to the principles of the federal constitution, to the enjoyment of all the rights, advantages and immunities of citizens of the United States; and in the mean time they shall be maintained and protected in the free enjoyment of their liberty, property, and the religion which they profess.
Article IV. There shall be sent by the government of France a commissary to Louisiana, to the end that he do every act necessary, as well to receive from the officers of his Catholic Majesty the said country and its dependencies, in the name of the French Republic, if it has not been already done, as to transmit it in the name of the French Republic to the commissary or agent of the United States.
Article V. Immediately after the ratification of the present treaty by the President of the United States, and in case that of the First Consul's shall have been previously obtained, the commissary of the French Republic shall remit all military posts of New Orleans, and other parts of the ceded territory, to the commissary or commissaries named by the President to take possession; the troops, whether of France or Spain, who may be there, shall cease to occupy any military post from the time of taking possession, and shall be embarked as soon as possible in the course of three months after the ratification of this treaty.
Article VI. The United States promise to execute such treaties and articles as may have been agreed between Spain and the tribes and nations of Indians, until, by mutual consent of the United States and the said tribes or nations, other suitable articles shall have been agreed upon.
Article VII. As it is reciprocally advantageous to the commerce of France and the United States to encourage the communication of both nations for a limited time in the country ceded by the present treaty, until general arrangements relative to the commerce of both nations may be agreed on: it has been agreed between the contracting parties, that the French ships coming directly from France or any of her colonies, loaded only with the produce and manufactures of France or her said colonies; and the ships of Spain coming directly from Spain or any of her colonies, loaded only with the produce or manufactures of Spain or her colonies, shall be admitted during the space of twelve years in the port of New Orleans, and in all other legal ports of entry within the ceded territory, in the same manner as the ships of the United States coming directly from France or Spain, or any of their colonies, without being subject to any other or greater duty on merchandise, or other or greater tonnage than that paid by the citizens of the United States.
During the space of time above mentioned, no other nation shall have a right to the same privileges in the ports of the ceded territory: the twelve years shall commence three months after the exchange of ratifications, if it shall take place in France, or three months after it shall have been notified at Paris to the French government, if it shall take place in the United States; it is however well understood that the object of the above article is to favor the manufactures, commerce, freight and navigation of France and of Spain, so far as relates to the importations that the French and Spanish shall make into the said ports of the United States, without in any sort affecting the regulations that the United States may make concerning the exportation of the produce and merchandise of the United States, or any right they may have to make such regulations.
Article VIII. In future and forever after the expiration of the twelve years, the ships of France shall be treated upon the footing of the most favored nations in the ports above mentioned.
Article IX. The particular convention signed this day by the respective ministers, having for its object to provide for the payment of debts due to the citizens of the United States by the French Republic, prior to the 30th of September, 1800, (8th Vendemiaire, an. 9,) is approved, and to have its execution in the same manner as if it had been inserted in this present treaty, and it shall be ratified in the same form and in the same time, so that the one shall not be ratified without the other.
Another particular convention signed at the same date as the present treaty, relative to a definitive rule between the contracting parties, is in the like manner approved, and will be ratified in the same form, and in the same time, and jointly.
Article X. The present treaty shall be ratified in good and due form, and the ratification shall be exchanged in the space of six months after the date of the signature by the ministers plenipotentiary, or sooner if possible.
IN FAITH WHEREOF, the respective plenipotentiaries have signed these articles in the French and English languages; declaring nevertheless that the present treaty was originally agreed to in the French language; and have thereunto affixed their seals.
Done at Paris, the tenth day of Floreal, in the eleventh year of the French Republic, and the 30th of April, 1803. BARBE MARBOIS. ROB. R. LIVINGSTON. JAS. MONROE.
CONVENTION. BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AND THE FRENCH REPUBLIC.
THE President of the United States of America, and the First Consul of the French Republic, in the name of the French people, in consequence of the treaty of cession of Louisiana, which has been signed this day, wishing to regulate definitively every thing which has relation to the said cession, have authorized to this effect the plenipotentiaries, that is to say: the President of the United States has, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate of the said States, nominated for their plenipotentiaries, Robert R. Livingston, minister plenipotentiary of the United States and James Monroe, minister plenipotentiary and envoy extraordinary of the said United States, near the government of the French Republic; and the First Consul of the French Republic, in the name of the French people, has named as plenipotentiary of the said Republic, the citizen Francis Barbe Marbois; who, in virtue of their full powers, which have been exchanged this day, have agreed to the following articles:
Article I. The government of the United States engages to pay to the French government, in the manner specified in the following article, the sum of sixty millions of francs, independent of the sum which shall be fixed by another convention for the payment of the debts due by France to citizens of the United States.
Article II. For the payment of the sum of sixty millions of francs, mentioned in the preceding article, the United States shall create a stock of eleven millions, two hundred and fifty thousand dollars, bearing an interest of six per cent per annum, payable half yearly in London, Amsterdam, or Paris, amounting by the half-year to three hundred and thirty seven thousand, five hundred dollars, according to the proportions which shall be determined by the French government to be paid at either place: the principal of the said stock to be reimbursed at the treasury of the United States, in annual payments of not less than three millions of dollars each; of which the first payment shall commence fifteen years after the date of the exchange of ratifications; this stock shall be transferred to the government of France, or to such person or persons as shall be authorized to receive it, in three months at most after the exchange of the ratifications of this treaty, and after Louisiana shall be taken possession of in the name of the government of the United States.
It is further agreed, that if the French government should be desirous of disposing of the said stock to receive the capital in Europe, at shorter terms, that its measures for that purpose shall be taken so as to favour, in the greatest degree possible, the credit of the United States, and to raise to the highest price the said stock.
Article III. It is agreed that the dollar of the United States, specified in the present convention, shall be fixed at five francs 333-333-333 or five livres, eight fons 111-111-111.
The present convention shall be ratified in good and due form, and the ratifications shall be exchanged in the space of six months to date from this day, or sooner if possible.
IN FAITH OF WHICH, the respective plenipotentiaries have signed the above articles, both in the French and English languages, declaring nevertheless, that the present treaty has been originally agreed on and written in the French language; to which they have hereunto affixed their seals.
Done at Paris the tenth of Floreal, eleventh year of the French Republic, (30th April, 1803.) ROB. R. LIVINGSTON, BARBE MARBOIS, JAMES MONROE.
CONVENTION. BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AND THE FRENCH REPUBLIC.
THE President of the United States of America, and the First Consul of the French Republic, in the name of the French people, having by a treaty of this date terminated all difficulties relative to Louisiana, and established on a solid foundation the friendship which unites the two nations, and being desirous, in compliance with the second and fifth articles of the convention of the 8th Vendemiaire, ninth year of the French Republic (30th September, 1800) to secure the payment of the sums due by France to the citizens of the United States, have respectively nominated as plenipotentiaries, that is to say: the President of the United States of America, by and with the advice and consent of their Senate, Robert R. Livingston, minister plenipotentiary, and James Monroe, minister plenipotentiary and envoy extraordinary of the said States, near the government of the French Republic; and the First Consul, in the name of the French people, the citizen Francis Barbe Marbois, minister of the public treasury; who, after having exchanged their full powers, have agreed to the following articles:
Article I. The debts due by France to citizens of the United States, contracted before the 8th Vendemiaire, ninth year of the French Republic (30th September, 1800) shall be paid according to the following regulations, with interest at six per cent, to commence from the period when the accounts and vouchers were presented to the French government.
Article II. The debts provided for by the preceding article are those whose result is comprised in the conjectural note annexed to the present convention, and which, with the interest, cannot exceed the sum of twenty millions of francs. The claims comprised in the said note which fall within the exceptions of the following articles, shall not be admitted to the benefit of this provision.
Article III. The principal and interests of the said debts shall be discharged by the United States, by orders drawn by their minister plenipotentiary on their treasury; these orders shall be payable sixty days after the exchange of ratifications of the treaty and the conventions signed this day, and after possession shall be given of Louisiana by the commissaries of France to those of the United States.
Article IV. It is expressly agreed, that the preceding articles shall comprehend no debts but such as are due to citizens of the United States, who have been and are yet creditors of France, for supplies for embargoes and prizes made at sea, in which the appeal has been properly lodged within the time mentioned in the said convention, 8th Vendemiaire ninth year (30th September, 1800).
Article V. The preceding articles shall apply only, first, to capures of which the council of prizes shall have ordered restitution, it being well understood that the claimant cannot have recourse to the United States otherwise than he might have had to the government of the French Republic, and only in case of insufficiency of the captors; 2d, the debts mentioned in the said fifth article of the convention contracted before the 8th Vendemiaire, an. 9 (30th September, 1800) the payment of which has been heretofore claimed of the actual government of France, and for which the creditors have a right to the protection of the United States; the said 5th article does not comprehend prizes whose condemnation has been or shall be confirmed: it is the express intention of the contracting parties not to extend the benefit of the present convention to reclamations of American citizens, who shall have established houses of commerce in France, England or other countries than the United States, in partnership with foreigners, and who by that reason and the nature of their commerce ought to be regarded as domiciliated in the places where such houses exist. All agreements and bargains concerning merchandise, which shall not be the property of American citizens, are equally excepted from the benefit of the said convention, saving, however, to such persons their claims in like manner as if this treaty had not been made.
Article VI. And that the different questions which may arise under the preceding article may be fairly investigated, the ministers plenipotentiary of the United States shall name three persons, who shall act from the present and provisionally, and who shall have full power to examine, without removing the documents, all the accounts of the different claims already liquidated by the bureaus established for this purpose by the French Republic, and to ascertain whether they belong to the classes designated by the present convention and the principles established in it; or if they are not in one of its exceptions and on their certificate, declaring that the debt is due to an American citizen or his representative, and that it existed before the 8th Vendemiaire, 9th year (30th September, 1800) the debtor shall be entitled to an order on the treasury of the United States in the manner prescribed by the third article.
Article VII. The same agents shall likewise have power, without removing the documents, to examine the claims which are prepared for verification, and to certify those which ought to be admitted by uniting the
necessary qualifications, and not being comprised in the exceptions contained in the present convention.
Article VIII. The same agents shall likewise examine the claims which are not prepared for liquidation, and certify in writing those which in their judgment ought to be admitted to liquidation.
Article IX. In proportion as the debts mentioned in these articles shall be admitted, they shall be discharged with interest at six per cent, by the treasury of the United States.
Article X. And that no debt which shall not have the qualifications above mentioned, and that no unjust or exorbitant demand may be admitted, the commercial agent of the United States at Paris, or such other agent as the minister plenipotentiary of the United States shall think proper to nominate, shall assist at the operations of the bureaus, and co-operate in the examinations of the claims; and if this agent shall be of opinion that any debt is not completely proved, or if he shall judge that it is not comprised in the principles of the fifth article above mentioned, and if notwithstanding his opinion, the bureaus established by the French government should think that it ought to be liquidated, he shall transmit his observations to the board established by the United States, who, without removing documents, shall make a complete examination of the debt and vouchers which support it, and report the result to the minister of the United States. The minister of the United States shall transmit his observations, in all such cases, to the minister of the treasury of the French Republic, on whose report the French government shall decide definitively in every case.
The rejection of any claim shall have no other effect than to exempt the United States from the payment of it, the French government reserving to itself the right to decide definitively on such claim so far as it concerns itself.
Article XI. Every necessary decision shall be made in the course of a year, to commence from the exchange of ratifications, and no reclamation shall be admitted afterwards.
Article XII. In case of claims for debts contracted by the government of France with citizens of the United States since the 8th Vendemiaire, ninth year, (30th September, 1800) not being comprised in this convention, may be pursued, and the payment demanded in the same manner as if it had not been made.
Article XIII. The present convention shall be ratified in good and due form, and the ratifications shall be exchanged in six months from the date of the signature of the ministers plenipotentiary, or sooner if possible.
IN FAITH OF WHICH, the respective Ministers Plenipotentiary have signed the above articles both in the French and English languages, declaring nevertheless that the present treaty has been originally agreed on and written in the French language; to which they have hereunto affixed their seals.
Done at Paris, the tenth of Floreal, eleventh year of the French Republic, 30th April, 1803. ROB. R. LIVINGSTON. BARBE MARBOIS. JAS. MONROE.
IN CHANCERY, October 14, 1803.
Richard Jones, versus John Hill.
THE object of the bill is to obtain a decree for recording a deed executed by the defendant on the first day of October eighteen hundred for conveying unto the complainant a lot or parcel of ground adjoining to the town of Bladensburg, being a part of a tract of land called Benheim Hill, particularly described in the said deed. The bill states that the defendant has removed out of the State of Maryland.
It is thereupon adjudged and ordered that the complainant by causing a copy of this order to be inserted three successive weeks in the National Intelligencer in the city of Washington before the twentieth day of November next give notice to the absent defendant of this application and of the substance and object of the bill, that he may be warned to appear here in person, or by a solicitor of this court on or before the twentieth day of March next, to show cause (if any he hath) wherefore a decree should not be passed as prayed.
Test SAMUEL H. HOWARD. R. C. C. October 21. 3W
FOR SALE. A Healthy NEGRO man well acquainted with the business of a plantation - for terms apply to the subscriber living near Bladensburg. MARGARET ADAMS. October 23. 3f

A Valuable Purchase. To be sold by private contract, on an unusual long credit, a part of the valuable estate, belonging to ANTHONY ADDISON, esq. called Chichester with addition, lying on the waters of the Eastern Branch, immediately opposite the city of Washington. It extends from below the Navy Yard up to within a few yards of the left of the bridge, and has on it the ferry over the Branch, commonly called Naylor's, or Dyer's Ferry. The estate is divided into lots for the accommodation of purchasers, a correct plat of which is in the hands of capt. Marbury of Blue Plains opposite Alexandria. Capt. Marbury may be spoken with at the bank of Columbia on every holiday.
To be Let AND entered upon immediately, No. 9 street north. A complete well finished two story DWELLING HOUSE, containing on the lower floor a passage and two parlors with compleat closets, three chambers, garret, good cellar and kitchen-garden lot and stable. For terms apply to Mr. A. B. at his Printing Office adjoining the premises, or to JOHN BARNES, George Town. October 19.
LOST, A small RED MOROCCO CASE, containing some money, and other articles—whosoever will return the same to this Office shall be rewarded. J. DAWSON.
UPON the petition of Luke Shannon, an insolvent debtor confined in jail in the county of Washington in the District of Columbia; praying relief under the act of Congress entitled "An act for the relief of insolvent debtors within the District of Columbia." It is ordered that notice of his application be published in the National Intelligencer twice before Saturday the 22nd day of October in default requiring the attendance of the creditors of the said Luke Shannon on that day at the Capitol at 10 o'clock, A. M. at which time the oath prescribed by the aforesaid act shall be administered to the said Luke Shannon and a trustee appointed by order of William Cranch, esq. assistant judge of the District of Columbia. URIAS FORREST, Ct. Oct. 18, 1803.
TO RENT AND immediate possession given, a two story frame HOUSE, in the city of Washington, on lot 224, opposite to Robert Peacock's esq. lately occupied by doctor Tabbs. Containing 3 rooms and a large pantry on the 1st floor, two on the 2nd floor with garret rooms—A large and balcony to the front, cellar, dry well, with an excellent garden—kitchen and carriage house, with every other conveniences fit for the reception of a genteel family—for further particulars, enquire at the farm of Mr. Xampi a few doors east of Forest's tavern, north E street. October 19.
THOMAS CARPENTER, TAYLOR. HAS just received an handsome supply of fall goods, which he is determined to sell and make upon the most reasonable terms, and in the best and most fashionable manner, and greatest expedition. Pennsylvania Avenue, near the President's Square and Capitol Hill, seventh house from the Capitol. Oct. 14.
BISCUIT BAKE HOUSE, Near the Sugar House New-Jersey Avenue. THE subscriber has commenced the above business in a variety of various branches; where merchants or owners of vessels may be supplied on reasonable terms; also private families with the best of Crackers. PETER MILLER. Washington August 29.
NEW BOOKS. Just imported in the ship Active, from London, via Philadelphia, and for sale by RAPINE, CONRAD & CO. New-Jersey Avenue, near the Capitol, a choice collection of new and valuable books—amongst which are Berkley's works, 8 vols. 8vo. Pease's Gleanings, 5 vols. 8vo. elegant. Percy's Voyage 2 vols. 8vo. Michele's Lucia, 2 vols. 8vo. Link's Travels, 8vo.—Clavigero's Mexico, 2 vols. 4to. Sancho's Letters, 8vo. Memoirs of Pitt the 6th, 2 vols. 8vo. Segur's Frederic Wilson 2nd, 3 vols. 8vo. Soulas's Memoirs of Lewis 16th, 6 vols. 8vo. Spilane's Travels, 4 vols. 8vo. Watson's Philip 2nd and 3rd, 5 vols. 8vo. Helen Maria Williams' Sketches, 2 vols. 8vo. Gibbon's Roman Empire 12 vols. 8vo. Grandpre's Voyage in the Indian Ocean 2 vols. Memoirs of Politianus, 8vo. Rymer's State of Egypt, 8vo. Cavallo's Natural and Experimental Philosophy, a new and valuable work, 4 vols. 8vo. Balfour's Moral Philosophy, 8vo. Payley's (Dr.) Natural Theology, 8vo. Adams on the Microscope, with plates. Brown's Travels into Africa, 4to. Fioramanti's do. Giant's life of France. Delph. 6 vols. 12mo. War Office 3 vols. 12mo. Microcosm 5 vols. 12mo. The Benevolent Jew, 2 vols. by Geo. Walker. Infidel Father, 3 vols. 12mo. Monk of Madrid 4 vols. 12mo. Limerick 2 vols. 12mo.—Home 5 vols. 12mo. Romance of the Pyrenees 4 vols. 12mo. The Savage of Aveyron, 12mo. Tales of Superstition 12mo. Broad Grins, by O. Coleman. Boucicaut's Poems, 12mo. Atkins—Glover's Athenae, 3 vols. 8vo. In addition to the above they have always on hand a collection of well assorted books on education, science, and amusement, which they will sell at such prices as cannot fail of giving general satisfaction.
WASHINGTON Jockey Club Races, WILL commence on the second Tuesday in November next, over an excellent course, well prepared and inclosed with a post and rail fence. First day—A sweepstake of 1,500 dollars. Second day—A purse of 400 dollars—4 mile heats. Third day—A purse of 200 dollars—3 mile heats. Fourth day—A 50 guinea silver cup—10 miles. Fifth day—A handsome City and Town Purse—Two mile heats. All horses, mares and geldings, to be entered and run agreeably to the rules of the club, and to carry the following weight: An aged horse, 126—A six years old 126—A five years old 112—A four years old 100, and a three years old 90 pounds. Three pounds being allowed to fillies, mares and geldings. The following will be paid at the gate to the clerk of the course, M. C. Bailey, or any person authorised by him to receive the same. Four wheel carriages, 1 Doll. each, Two wheel do 50 Cents. do. Every man and horse, 25 Cents. Booths will be let on application to the subscriber. It is probable that the 2d & 3d days purses will be increased—as the surplus of the tolls after defraying the expenses, &c. will be added to them. CH. M'LAUGHLIN, Sec. & Tr. The club will meet at the Union Tavern on the evening preceding the first day's race. September 14.
LOOKING GLASSES. CONVEX Mirrors, girandoles, toilet glasses, elegant prints, prints and window glass, lampblack, cabinet ware. Prints of a superior quality, &c. &c. for sale on reasonable terms for cash or approved paper at Mr. William Worthington's Pennsylvania Avenue, near the West Market, by JOHN M'ELWEB. October 10.
FOR SALE, For a term of 5 years, A LIKELY young and healthy NEGRO MAN, about 23 years of age for sale by—ROBERT M'CLAN. Washington May 25.
FOR SALE. THE Plantation on which I live, containing about 600 acres of valuable land. The improvements are, an exceeding good dwelling house two stories high, 42 feet long, by 36 feet wide, with a passage through the middle, three rooms below, and four above stairs, with five places in all but one, and a dry sweet cellar, the size of the house, in which is a capital vault with two rooms, and above is a fine airy pantry. A kitchen 36 by 18, two stories high, with a kitchen and laundry below, and lodging rooms for servants above. A washing house meat house and dairy and in short every necessary improvement for the accommodation of a family, and a very fine collection of grafted and budded peach trees of the most approved kinds, chiefly from Princes nursery on Long Island, which are just beginning to bear. This property is situated in a healthy genteel neighborhood, about four miles from the city of Washington, five from Alexandria. Nearly one half is in wood and timbered, and the residue arable and meadow land, of the latter, there are about 50 or 60 acres under the fcythe and more may be easily laid down. Perhaps no tract of the same size, abounds more in fine springs, there being a never failing stream in every field, besides an abundant one which runs through the meadow and from which the greatest part of it may be watered. For terms apply to the subscriber on the premises. OVERTON CARR. September 19.
Lots for sale. IN eligible situations, and upon very advantageous terms—A plan of the several squares in which they are contained may be seen and terms thereon by applying to, ROBERT W. PEACOCK. Attorney at law and conveyancer. March 30.
LOST CERTIFICATE. NOTICE is hereby given that application is made at the Treasury of the the United States, for a new certificate in the lieu of No. 14307 for 3856 Dolls. 25 Cents, of three per cent stock, standing in the books of the Treasury U. S. in the name of Hugh Percy Duke of Northumberland, which certificate was forwarded by the Lady Hobart, British packet in June last, and lost in the mail. JOHN COLES. New London, Sept. 14, 1803 6w.
All persons having claims or demands of any nature against the subscriber are requested to exhibit their accounts, without delay, to JOHN HEWITT or RICHARD FORREST, Esqrs. of the city of Washington, who are authorised, in my name, to adjust and settle the same: and all persons indebted to me are requested to make payment to either of the gentlemen above named. SAMUEL BLODGET. March 30. I WILL sell five hundred and fifty acres of Land whereon I live, in Fairfax county, within five miles of the court house, and within twenty of the City of Washington, Alexandria, Dumfries, and twelve of the Occoquan mills, it is a healthy situation, the land fertile, and has about two hundred acres of wood to cut, there is a great proportion of white and red oak, popular and hickory timber—There is nearly one hundred acres of prime land for meadow, I will give six months credit for one fourth of the purchase money—twelve months for the other quarter, eighteen for the third, and two years for the last payment, a purchaser will find me on the premises. Thos. FOLLARD. Feb. 21st.
GENTEELE Boarding and Lodging for Members of Congress on Thirteenth Street, within fifty or sixty yards of the Pennsylvania Avenue, where ten or twelve Gentlemen may be accommodated on moderate terms by the Subscriber. SAM. SPEAKE. Oct. 14.
MILITARY LANDS FOR SALE. By virtue of a power delegated to his executors, by the last will and testament of John Rose, esq. deceased, late of the county of Westmoreland we the subscribers, having taken upon ourselves the execution of his said will, and qualified thereto according to law, now offer for sale, the following tracts of land, viz. One tract of fifteen hundred acres, by patent, bearing date 7th of day of January, 1796, lying on Cumberland river, in the state of Kentucky. One of 1500 acres by patent, bearing date the 30th day of August, 1797, on the waters of Paint Creek, between the Miami and Sciota rivers. One of 1500 acres by patent, bearing date the 27th of April, 1800, also on the waters of Paint Creek. One of 1200 acres by patent, bearing date the 23th day of April, 1800, lying on the banks of the Sciota river. Two other small tracts of one and two hundred acres, on the waters of Lees creek a branch of the Rattle Snake Fork of Paint creek. One other small tract, of 360 acres, in the same neighborhood—and lastly, One other tract of 1500 acres, surveyed and patented for Burgess Bell, lying on a branch of Gapsars river, adjoining the upper corner of George Washington's survey, and the same having been sold and conveyed by the said Bell to the said Rose. Proposals for a purchase of the whole or any part of the said lands will be received verbally or by letter, addressed to any of the subscribers. The taxes on these lands have been regularly paid, and a clear and indisputable title will be made the purchaser, by HENRY ROSE, Alexandria, } Executors. WM. ROBINSON, Leeds. SAM. BERRY, Port Royal, } September 26.
JUST PUBLISHED, AND FOR SALE, BY RAPINE, CONRAD & CO. New Jersey Avenue, near the Capitol. (Price 2 dolls. 25 cents in boards, or 2 dolls. 50 cents bound.) History of the British Expedition to Egypt. To which is subjoined, A sketch of that country and its means of defence. Illustrated with maps and a portrait of Sir Ralph Abercrombie. By ROBERT T. WILSON, Lieutenant colonel of cavalry in his Britannic Majesty's service, & Knight of the Imperial military order of Maria Theresa. September 28.
COLUMBIAN INN. GEORGE-TOWN. THE Subscriber begs leave to solicit the patronage of his former friends and customers, and informs them he still continues at the Columbian Inn—where he will be happy to have it in his power to accommodate them as usual. JOHN H. BARNEY. September 21.
CHARLES VARDEN, TAYLOR, FROM PHILADELPHIA. HAS received from Philadelphia an elegant assortment of the best quality Superfine Cloths, Cassimeres, Silk florimire, black and fancy silk molekin velvet, white & figured Marcellas, Swandowns, Toilettettes, Velveteens, Fancy cords, Coatings, &c. With a variety of other articles suitable for the winter season. N. B. Ladies Habits, Regimentals and Navy uniforms made in the first style of fashion. New-Jersey Avenue, the second House from the Capitol Square. December 8, 1802.
FIRST LEGION.
ATTENTION! At a Legionary Court of Enquiry, held on the 17th day of March last, in obedience to a law passed at the last session of Congress, entitled, "An act more effectually to provide for the organization of the Militia of the District of Columbia," ordered that the following be the Uniform to be worn by all non-commissioned officers and privates belonging to the battalion companies of the first Legion, while on duty, viz. DARK BLUE COAT of ordinary length, WHITE VEST, WHITE REACHE and WHITE STOCKINGS, or WHITE PANTALOONS and WHITE STOCKINGS, or WHITE OVERALLS, with SHOES and ROUND BLACK HATS: which Uniform having been approved by the Brigadier General, is now published by order of the said court. WM. L. ELLIOTT, Clerk of L. C. & E. Sec. 27. And he it further enacted, That all non commissioned officers and privates, belonging to battalion companies shall appear while on duty, uniformly dressed, the color and fashion of which uniforms to be determined on for the respective legions, by the first legionary courts of enquiry which shall be held, and to be approved of by the Brigadier General: provided the expense of the same, additional to that of usual, ordinary, and clothing, does not exceed five dollars for each person, and every such non-commissioned officer, or drummer, or fifer, or private, appearing at any muster held after three months from the time that such uniform shall have been determined on, and the order relative thereto shall have been published in some new paper within the legionary district and not wearing the same shall be fined five dollars for each offence, unless he can make it appear to the satisfaction of the court of enquiry of the battalion to which he may belong, that he was unable to equip himself.
BY AUTHORITY. SCHEME OF A LOTTERY, To build a Catholic Cathedral Church in the City of Baltimore. Dollars. 1 prize of 20,000 1 ditto 10,000 2 do 5000 is 10,000 5 do 1000 — 5,000 10 do 500 — 5,000 15 do 200 — 3,000 200 do 100 — 20,000 200 do 50 — 10,000 200 do 25 — 5,000 250 do 20 — 5,000 4000 do 15 — 60,000 1 first drawn ticket after 2000, having a blank to its number, 500 1 do after 4000 do 500 1 do after 6000 do 500 1 do after 8000 do 500 1 do after 10,000 do 500 1 do after 12,000 do 500 1 do after 15,000 do 500 1 do after 18,000 do 500 1 do after 20,000 do 2,000 1 last drawn ticket, which may have a blank to its number, 4,000 7154 Prizes, 210,000 13,856 Blankes—Not two to a prize. 21,000 Tickets, at 10 dollars each, 210,000 The laudable purpose of this lottery—the many very valuable prizes offered, and there not being two blanks to a prize, are considerations which give the managers reason to hope for a rapid sale of the tickets. The drawing will commence as soon as a sufficient number of tickets have been sold to authorise it; and thirty days after the completion of the drawing, the prizes will be paid to the fortunate adventurers; subject to a deduction of fifteen per cent. Such prizes as shall not be demanded within twelve months after the drawing is finished, shall be considered as relinquished for the benefit of the church. For the satisfaction of the public at a distance, it may be necessary to mention, that the managers have given bond to the mayor and city council in the sum of 120,000 dollars, for the due payment of the prize which may be drawn. Tickets to be had of the managers, or of such persons as may be appointed by them. Managers. Right rev. Bishop Carroll, Rev. Francis Scott, Messrs David Williamson, Robert Waite, Chas. G. G. G. Patrick Benner, Arnold Livers, Luke Tiernan, Francis Mitchell. July 13, 1803.
The managers have lodged a number of tickets in the above lottery in the hands of Wm. Brent and James D. Barry for sale.
RAPINE, CONRAD & Co. NEW JERSEY AVENUE.
Have just received the following NEW BOOKS. THE life of Lorenzo De' Medici, 3 vol. Demon's travels in Upper and Lower Egypt during the campaigns of gen. Bonaparte in that country, 2 vol. Willich's Domestic Encyclopedia; or Dictionary of facts and useful knowledge, vol. I. & II. for which the subscription is still open—the price will be enhanced to non-subscribers. The Marriage Promise, a new comedy. Public characters, or contemporary biography, containing the memoirs of the most celebrated personages of this country and Europe. John Bull, or an Englishman's fire side, a new comedy. Tale of Mylnefield—ditto. Friend of Women, translated from the French. Boulet's Select Sermons, &c. &c. N. B. R. C. & Co. have always on hand, at moderate prices, writing letter and wrapping papers, quills, wafers, sealing-wax, ink powder, ink and sand flasks, pocket hooks, playing cards, parchment, blank and account books, copper plate copies, &c. &c.
Treasury of the United States,
Washington August 15, 1803. WHEREAS by an act of Congress dated May the 8th, 1799, entitled "An act to provide for a Copper Coinage," in the second section thereof, it is enacted, That after the expiration of six calendar months from the time when there shall have been paid into the Treasury by the said Director (of the Mint) in cents and half cents, a sum not less than fifty thousand Dollars, which time shall forthwith be announced by the Treasurer that least two gazettes or newspapers, published at the seat of government of the United States for the time being, no copper coins or pieces whatever, except the said cents and half cents, shall pass current as money, or shall be paid or offered to be paid or received in payment for any debt, demand, matter, or thing whatsoever; and all copper coins or pieces, except the said cents and half cents, which shall be paid or offered to be paid or received in payment contrary to the prohibition aforesaid, shall be forfeited, and every person by whom any of them shall have been so paid or offered to be paid or received in payment, shall also forfeit the sum of ten dollars, and the said forfeiture and penalty shall and may be recovered with costs of suit for the benefit of any person or persons by whom information of the incurring thereof shall have been given." And whereas it appears by the books of this office, that more than fifty thousand dollars in cents and half cents have been paid into the Treasury. I now therefore, in obedience to the said act, do hereby give public notice of the same. TH. T. TUCKER. Treasurer United States. August 15.
For Sale or Rent, A large three story BRICK HOUSE with the necessary back buildings attached to it—situated on north E street near 12th street well. For terms apply to the subscriber. ROBERT BROWN. October 17.
By LETTERS PATENT. What is generally useful, ought to be generally known. THE undeniable success which has attended the use of West's Rheumatic Ring, in the cures of the Rheumatism, Rheumatic pains and Cramps, has induced him to obtain Letters Patent for his invention, in order to secure his property therein, and defend the public against the mischievous effects of spurious imitations. The following instances of the efficacy of West's Rheumatic Ring, are selected from a considerable number, and submitted for public inspection, to demonstrate the vast importance of his discovery, and in no instance have they failed of success. A few of which are to be had at Mr. Wm. Rhode's, city of Washington near the Treasury office, at two dollars each. THOMAS WEST. I do certify, that I have had the Rheumatism in my knee, till it was much swelled, I then applied to Edward West for one of his Rheumatic Rings, and by using it one week, I was perfectly well. Given under my hand this 6th day of December 1799, about six miles from Lexington. BENJAMIN BEELER.
I do hereby certify, that I had pains in my arms, and I do believe by wearing a ring I have got from Mr. West, I have got clear of the pain. Lexington, Dec. 4, 1799. WM. ROSS.
I do certify that my wife had the rheumatism in one of her arms, and was very helpless with it for a long time; and I applied to Mr. Edward West, for one of his Rheumatic Rings, which appears to have greatly relieved her, and I believe it will perfectly cure her. Given under my hand, this 6th day of Dec. 1799.
AZARIAH HIGGINS, near Lexington. I do certify that I have had the cramp in one of my legs these three years, and the latter part of the time extreme bad; I could receive no benefit from any thing until I tried one of Edward West's Rheumatic Rings, which perfectly cured me in three days—given under my hand this 17th of March 1800. THOMAS VAUGHAN.
I do hereby certify that I have had the rheumatic pains in both my arms, so that I was not able to work, and by wearing two rings which I got of Edward West, I have got perfectly well. Given under my hand this 20th day of December, 1799. ASA COMBS.
I hereby certify that for several years past I have been much afflicted with a rheumatism. Mr. Edward West of Lexington complimented me with one of his Rheumatic Rings, which I have generally worn, and have been entirely free from all symptoms of that complaint ever since. Given under my hand this 17th December, 1799. JESSE WILLIAMS, Bourbon Co.
I do hereby certify that I got of Mr. Edward West a ring called a Rheumatic Ring, and it has perfectly cured me of the pain which had constantly followed me for fifteen months, less or more, in testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand and seal, the last day of March 1800. WM. N. POTTS.
The above Thomas Vaughan, Asa Combs, Wm. N. Potts, and Jesse Williams, swore to before me, this 27th day of July, 1800. ARCHIBALD M'ILVAIN, Justice of Peace.
Observe those rings are to be worn on the fingers or the wrists and the small of the legs, if the skin be very dry, it requires to be slightly rubbed with a little fat butter, on the part they are applied. August 31.
WAS committed to the goal of Baltimore county, on the twenty third ultimo, as a runaway, a negro man by the name of TOM—he is about nineteen or twenty years of age, 5 feet 5 inches high, of a light brown complexion; had an olive colored jean jacket with beaver, velvet trousers, red socks, and M'Kelley's boots, and a white linen shirt—He says he belongs to Mr. Usher Williams of Charleston, South Carolina. If his owner does not release him, he will be sold for his goal fees according to law. James Wilson, Sheriff. September 12.
UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT, County of Washington, to wit: IN CHANCERY, August 13, 1803. James Stephens, William O'Neale, and William Loughy—Complainants. against Ann Cookcum and Thomas Charles Cook, and Samuel Cook Representatives and Heirs of Charles Cook, deceased—Defendants.
THE Bill states that the said Charles Cook died, leaving the defendants in the bill mentioned his representatives and heirs—that the said Charles Cook before his death contracted considerable debts with the complainants and others, that the personal property of the said Charles Cook at the time of his death, was insufficient to discharge those debts; and that the said Cook left at his death considerable real property. The object of this bill is to obtain a decree from this Court, to sell so much of the real estate of the said Charles Cook, as will be sufficient to discharge and pay the debts due to the complainants at the time of his death. It is on the complainants motion ordered, that he procure a copy of this order, to be inserted at least once in each week for three successive weeks in the National Intelligencer and Washington Federalist, before the fourth Monday of December next, to the intent that the defendants and all other persons (if any there be) interested in the premises, may have notice of the complainants application, and of the nature of their bill; and that the said defendants may be warned to appear here in person or by solicitor, on or before the said fourth Monday of December next, to show cause if any they can, why a decree should not pass as prayed for in and by the said bill. Copy test, URIAH FORREST, CLK. October 14.