The national intelligencer and Washington advertiser. (Washington City [D.C.]), 1805-11-27 00:00:00

NATIONAL INTELLIGENCER, AND WASHINGTON ADVERTISER.
Vol. VI.
WASHINGTON CITY, PRINTED BY SAMUEL HARRISON SMITH, PENNSYLVANIA AVENUE.
No. DCCCI.
FIVE DOLLARS PER ANNUM.
WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 27, 1805.
PAID IN ADVANCE.
For the NATIONAL INTELLIGENCER.
ROAD FROM ALEXANDRIA TO GEORGE TOWN.
The session of the legislature of the United States being just at hand, it is worthy of attention that there exists a case at the Metropolis of this country which calls for legislative interposition in the economy of the public roads: I mean in the shameful example of negligence which exists exposed to the censure of travellers between George-town and Alexandria. I presume it will be unnecessary to offer either evidence or argument to impress the public mind with an evil so self-evident, and so dangerous to all who have occasion to pass in the night.
The instance cited is, however, not a new one; it is only one of an unlimited number of examples which, every where, pervade this country; and which have, every where, existed in all countries antecedent to the establishment of turnpikes. It is within the memory of middle-aged men, that England (which now excels all other countries in this species of improvement) was in a similar predicament; and there is no doubt but that country, which now exhibits turnpikes equal to the road before the President's door through every part of the kingdom, and where the arts, manufactures, agriculture and commerce of the land have kept pace with the facilities of conveyance, would have continued so for centuries if she had adhered to the mistaken prejudice of working her roads by statute labor , and continued in the practice of scavenging them with weeding hoes to avoid presentments at a county court!
The great and amiable doctor Anderson, the agriculturalist, who never went to bed a night since he approached manhood without leaving an ungrateful world in arrears to his labors, expresses himself on this subject as follows:
"There is no popular prejudice I have ever met with that is so unreasonable as that which prevails against turnpikes. In most other cases the people are anxious to throw all public burthens upon the rich rather than the poor; but the case is directly reversed in this instance. The roads are all made where no turnpikes exist, by the labor of the poor, for which they receive no payment; many of whom have neither horses nor carriages ever to travel on these roads; but the rich, in consequence of that labor, are enabled to loll in their carriages at their ease, and while they are thus cutting up the roads contribute nothing to put them in repair."
"A turnpike act, which subjects these persons, and others who are to use the roads, to a tax to put them in repair, is obviously the most equitable plan for making the roads that ever could be devised, and shifts the burthen, in the first instance, from the shoulders of the poor to those of the wealthy: one would imagine that a turnpike act, on this principle, ought to be universally a very popular thing."
Does it not merit a question, under this fair mode of reasoning, whether the inhabitants of Washington, George Town, and Alexandria, ought not immediately to hold public meetings, and correspond, on the question of petitioning Congress for an act to facilitate their mutual intercourse, and to promote the public interest and accommodation, by the incorporation of a company for extending a turnpike road, the nearest and best level, from the town of Alexandria to the ferry at George town?
I could say a great deal on this topic, which, being too voluminous for a newspaper, may, perchance, be the subject of a pamphlet, while I tarry amongst you; but if any should question me on the score of advantage in the road now proposed, I am free to answer, according to my observation,
1st.—Your mail stage will be relieved from the danger of breaking the drivers neck, and of killing or crippling his passengers.
2ndly.—Your transient cash, in the commercial circulations of your country, will be less exposed to night robberies.
3rdly.—Your mail stage will be able to sound its horn, at the ferry, at an early and regular hour: your merchants will be thereby relieved from irregular and tedious waitings at the post-office; and their business, in course, be more promptly despatched.
4thly.—Where a horse drags one hundred weight in the present state of the roads he will be able to convey three hundred in their improved state.
5thly.—Where one person now passes, on occasions of commerce or pleasure, twenty will be found to pass shortly after the completion of the proposed improvement.
6thly.—Instead of strangers, and travellers, including a strong prejudice against the metropolis, and country, (in consequence of the disgust they must feel at being jolted through dreary and dangerous hills in the dark) they will be delighted with the view of a grand, and beautiful river and country, diversified, in its scenery, by landscapes, composed of woods, farms, villas, rising towns and cities; the strongest evidence of increasing commerce, population and
prosperity which could induce them to settle here.
7thly.—Instead of the houses, in Washington, &c. tumbling down for want of tenants, we shall see the proposed turnpike form a street between the two principal cities; and the towns themselves will become inhabited at both ends of the link.
Lastly.—The situation of this road is, on many accounts the most eligible of any in the union for commencing, at the capitol, an exemplary improvement , which will have a tendency to reconcile the intrusions of science, and to prove, against prejudice, the infinite advantage of promoting similar intercourse through all parts of the union; and by means which cannot fail to reward the adventurer co-equal with his number of shares, and the increase of population.
With the best wishes for the prosperity of America, I am, Mr. Printer, your obedient humble servant.
A STRANGER.
*Agriculture of Aberdeenshire, page 132.
FRENCH PUBLIC PAPERS. (Continued.)
TRANSLATED FOR THE NATIONAL INTELLIGENCER.
Letter from the minister of exterior relations to count Philip de Cobentzel, accompanying a memoir in reply to a note of the 25th Fructidor, year 13.
The undersigned has the honor to transmit to his excellency the count de Cobentzel the annexed memoir, drawn up in consequence of the Note from the cabinet of Vienna, which count de Cobentzel addressed to the undersigned the 25th Fructidor.
Since this memoir has been approved by his majesty the Emperor of France, the Austrian army has passed the Inn and invaded Bavaria. If the pacific sentiments avowed by his majesty the emperor of Germany and Austria are real, he will perceive that no negotiation could have taken place, no new proposition be received, until the Austrian troops shall have re-passed the Inn, and re-entered their own territories. If the court of Vienna refuses to oblige them to return, it is the intention of his majesty the emperor to compel them by force of arms. The evils which will inevitably result from such a war, will fall wholly upon the House of Austria, and victory will side against the oppressor in favor of the oppressed.
The undersigned has received from his majesty the emperor and king a positive order to declare, that in no case will his majesty permit Austria to extend herself in Germany, make acquisitions in Bavaria, and put in execution the project of which she has frequently manifested indications, of extending her frontiers even to Leck, and confining the Elector of Bavaria to the left bank of the Rhine. This project is too hostile to the interests of the Germanic body, to those of France, to the promises which his majesty the emperor and king has made, and to the engagements which he has taken to preserve, the integrity of Bavaria.
After this positive avowal of a determination, which, under all possible circumstances, will constitute an invariable rule of conduct for France, it becomes the duty of the House of Austria to consider whether it is convenient for her to run all the hazards of war, in order to obtain a part of Bavaria, which is her object, but which she cannot reasonably expect to accomplish; for she need not fruitlessly strive to conceal what is already known to all Europe, that such is, in reality, her true and sole view.
The undersigned renews to his excellency the count de Cobentzel the assurance of his high consideration.
(Signed) CH. MAUR. TALLEYRAND.
Memoir alluded to in the preceding Note.
"Without noticing the allegations with which the Note of the cabinet of Vienna is filled, of the date of 16 Fructidor (3d. Sept.) we will examine the pacific sentiments which this Note apparently presents.
"The court of Vienna has made levies and preparations of every kind; and has at this very time permitted a foreign army to enter her territory.
"Her only view, as she assures us, is to compel France and England to conclude peace; but if such is the view of the court of Vienna, why has she forgotten to make known the basis on which this peace may be concluded?
"Shall we take, as a basis, the treaties of Lunéville or Amiens, or the present state of the two nations, as Austria had desired at the first overtures of the last peace? Or, in short, pretensions drawn from the same source with the allegations at present made against France?
"In attentively perusing the Note of the court of Vienna, we think we discover that she wishes to take as a basis for future negotiations the treaties of Lunéville and Amiens; but has England, who lately refused to re-establish
peace on this very basis, yet adopted them?
"The cabinet of Vienna has not made it known, and if it so happens that she does not wish to adopt them, his majesty the emperor of Germany, who would not assume the character of mediator if he was not truly such, which essentially consists in inflexible justice and perfect impartiality, has doubtless taken the same measure, in concert with other powers, to compel England to recognize his principle of mediation, as he had taken to constrain France; she no doubt has fleets prepared, cruisers fitted out, in short, all the means which are indispensably necessary to the end proposed.
"The Note of the cabinet of Vienna throws no light on any of these points. It is, however, essential to know:—
"1st. Whether the court of Vienna understands that the treaties of Lunéville or Amiens should be taken as the basis of new negotiations, or whether these treaties should be considered as abolished?
"2d. According to the last supposition, on what basis does the court of Vienna understand that the negotiations shall be settled?
"3d. Whether England has evinced her adherence to the principles of mediation?
"4th. In case of a refusal on her part, what measures are to be adopted by the mediator, and what means are at his disposal to compel her to adhere to them?
"If the court of Vienna has not put these questions to itself, and if it wants time to answer them, that alone should teach her that she has used in her proceedings a precipitation, hostile, not only to all the assurances she has given, but also to the end which she declares herself to have in view; and, we may venture to say, to what an enlightened policy would dictate to the House of Austria. As to the rest, time will decide whether she has been guided by a just conviction of her own interests, or seduced by blind prejudices."
Extract of a dispatch from the minister of foreign relations to M. Otto, minister plenipotentiary of his majesty the emperor and king, at the court of Munich.
29 Thermidor, year 13.
You may add, that the emperor, desirous of sparing Europe the calamities of a new war, has made such advances as are compatible with the honor of his crown, in order to recal Austria to a sense of her true interests and the observance of an impartial neutrality; and his majesty is of opinion that the Elector, influenced by the same motives, should also send a courier extraordinary to Vienna, bearing an order to the Electoral minister to make such representations to the court of Vienna, and demand of it what are its views in filling the Tyrol with troops when its neighbors are at peace.
Representations, at once wise and energetic, made at the same time by different cabinets, might arrest Austria, were she influenced only by foreign suggestions, as his majesty still flatters himself with believing; and on a contrary supposition, they will attach to Austria alone the responsibility of the events which it is their wish to prevent.
Note.—A similar letter has been written to the ambassador of his majesty at Berne. In consequence of the invitation addressed to them, the Helvetic and Bavarian governments have taken the desired steps.
(Signed) CH. MAUR. TALLEYRAND.
TRIBUNATE.
Secret sitting of the 2d Vendémiaire, year 14, the Process Verbal of which has been read in the public sitting of the 4th.
The President announced that he had received this morning at 3 o'clock, a letter to the following purport from the Secretary of State:
Saint Cloud, 1st Vendémiaire, year 14.
MR. PRESIDENT, I have the honor to inform you that the Orators of the Council of State, will repair to-morrow, Tuesday, at five in the afternoon to the Tribunal, in order to make a communication in the name of his majesty the emperor. The emperor desires that this sitting be not public. Accept Mr. President, the assurance of my high consideration.
(Signed) H. B. MARET.
The Orators of the Council of State being introduced, one of them explained himself as follows:
Tribunes, We are instructed by the Emperor and King, to communicate to you the speech which His Majesty yesterday delivered to the Senate; as also the exposition of the reciprocal conduct of France and Austria since the peace of Lunéville; and of the causes of the present war.
The Orator of the Council of State then read the said documents.
After which the Orator continued as follows:
Tribunes, you have just heard that war has broken out on the Continent. This event will afflict every friend to humanity; but will be only terrible for the enemies of France.
In vain the emperor offered peace to England, in the midst of the terror he had struck her with, in the midst of the prodigies he daily created to restore to the French flag its ancient glory. The British ministry, far from accepting the offer, after having kept assassins in its pay, and exhausted every means to give up France anew to the horrors of anarchy, has just seduced by its gold and intrigues, two governments, whose interests are foreign to its quarrels, or rather similar to our own with regard to the liberty of the seas, which the emperor of the French wishes to re-establish, but which England does not cease to oppress.
If passion had not blinded Austria and Russia, the part they had to act was both noble and easy, they might by endeavouring to contribute to the return of peace, have set their faces against the absurd system of blockade, and a second time have proclaimed the principle of that armed neutrality which reflected so much honor on some sovereigns during the war for the independence of America, principles founded on the rights of nations & which one of the Northern powers, by claiming since that period, only drew on herself the vengeance of the enemies to the liberty of the seas. It was no doubt time to promulgate them solemnly, and to set bounds to the haughty pretension of a state to reserve for itself what is the common property of all the human race; and when so great an interest was so evident, how was it possible to misunderstand it to that degree, as not only to abandon it, but even to unite against the only power which wished to defend it?
The Austrian government, which has twice been seen bordering on its ruin, and been twice spared by the victor, dares to oppose itself once more to fall into the abyss, from which it has just escaped. Callous to the wishes of all the German states, it delivers up to the calamities of war countries which on all sides still present the traces of its ravages! it assembles all its forces, it directs them towards France and Italy; it dares to assert that it arms for the preservation of peace. What advantage can it promise itself from this mockery of words? Does it presume that Frenchmen will wait in the midst of their country, for those pretended pacific armies, those negotiators of a species hitherto unknown, who, sword in hand, come to dictate their orders.
In short, without provocation from the elector of Bavaria, without the least appearance of legitimate motives, the Austrian Government has just invaded a part of his states. It has not confined itself to threats which our emperor has dissipated, it attacks our allies; it has then begun the war!
Let the evils which will be the consequence of this cruel scourge, recoil upon its authors! they tremble now, no doubt, at the consequence of their enterprise, and their restless looks are only directed to the future; to perceive its misfortunes. How different is our situation! for us all the probabilities are in favor of success.
These sentiments are so conformable to the character of our nation, that it requires no effort to make them known; but should it be useful to propagate them, who more than you, Tribunes, would hasten to employ all their influence, to enlighten the people on their interest, and duties? Who more than you has the right to excite their zeal, fidelity and gratitude towards our august Emperor.
The President made the following reply:
Gentlemen, Orators of the Council of State.
Posterity will scarcely believe that whilst we were fighting for the independence of the seas, and the free commerce of every people, the emperors of Austria and Russia should wish to make a diversion in favor of the common enemy, coalesce with him against the faith of treaties and their own interests, and declare the most unjust and absurd war against us.
This unlooked for aggression is the melancholy result of the ancient hatred avowed against France by the court of Vienna, and of the corrupting gold of that of St. James.
No doubt but that it must produce the effect of dividing our forces; and of suspending for a time the vast projects which the genius of the great Napoleon was at length going to execute against the English government.
But the signal infidelity of the court of Vienna will shortly receive its just punishment, and the Monarch whom France could twice have despoiled of more than half of his hereditary states, will not be long before he repents having renewed the continental war, actuated by motives foreign to the true interests of the Germanic empire, and in contempt of the solemn treaties which had re-established peace on the Continent.
Gentlemen orators of the council of state, the Tribunal which feels the ful
value of the independence and consideration of the French Empire, is about to unite all its efforts and use all its influence to preserve them full and entire.
The finest armies in the universe, who feel their own force, who possess the enthusiasm of French honor, and the habit of victory, a people whose dissensions have rendered them more energetic; all the resources of nature, the sciences and the arts directed by Napoleon, how, whatever be the chances of battles, can we dread the issue of the war!
The courage of our warriors produced the most brilliant triumphs when France was rent by interior troubles; what will it now obtain, when all the citizens of the empire have but one will?
Abolition and augmentation of power are spoken of, but do not these reproaches apply to the rapid progress of the British dominion in the richest country in the world, to the Machiavelism of the means it makes use of to destroy states there which have not yet lost their independence? Do not those reproaches apply to the Russian Empire, three times more extensive, than the territory of all the states in Europe, which daily multiplies its invasions, threatens civilised countries with a new deluge of the barbarians subject to its power, and which it arms with all the resources of civilization.
France is indebted for its safety to its illustrious chief. No man, whatever may have been his opinions of political conduct in the course of preceding divisions, can deny that he alone was able to oppose an insurmountable dike to the fury of factions. We owe to him the preservation of every thing that is dear to us, and his enemies deceive themselves so far as to believe that when renouncing, after so many glorious exploits, the sweets of repose, he is about to put himself at the head of his armies. Frenchmen could remain cool spectators of his efforts! Let them at length discover their fatal illusions, experience will teach them ere long, that whilst our troops shall continue to merit our gratitude beyond the frontiers, every Frenchman in the interior will second them by his wishes, his sacrifices, and his zeal to maintain good order and the execution of the laws. However numerous may be the armies of this empire, they do not contain all our warriors; and were it even possible for momentary successes to permit our enemies to set foot in our territory, they would find there as many soldiers as citizens.
In vain will our enemies seek to excite divisions and disturbances in the interior of France; the nation has but one resolution, not to sink from the rank to which its high destinies have called it; it wishes to insure to Europe the freedom of the seas and commerce; animated by an enthusiasm equal to so great an interest, it will never suffer our brave armies to want for a moment any of the means to subsist and conquer.
Conducted by the genius and star of Bonaparte, they are about to cover themselves with new laurels and splendidly avenge the national honor treacherously offended.
The Tribunal gives you an acknowledgment of the reading and laying on the table of the decree which contains your mission, of the documents relative to the communications which you have just made to it in the name of His Majesty the Emperor and King, and of the speech you have just delivered on this subject.
The orators of the council of state then withdrew.
The Tribunal then ordered the speech and the reply to be inserted on the process verbal .
TRIBUNATE.
4th Vendémiaire—Sept. 28.
SPEECH OF CARION-NIZAS.
The existing circumstances in which Europe now finds herself, are of so serious and threatening a nature, that the least reflecting mind must be awakened to attention, and in the breasts of those who are accustomed to meditate on the vicissitudes of human affairs, the most lively interest must be excited.
Ever since the blood of Lorraine so fatal to France, has mingled with the blood of Charles V., a jealousy and hatred have been kindled, which have increased with our increasing prosperity, which have been inflamed by our order and peace, and which have now arisen to the most astonishing height.
Let the necessitous house of Austria and its pugnacious government, be agitated by the intrigues and dazzled by the gold of Great Britain. It is what we can easily comprehend; since we have been instructed by so many previous examples.
But that Vienna, the natural and constituted guardian of the frontiers of Germany and the barrier of Europe, and who for so long a time defended them with such fidelity against the Turks, should now so eagerly open them to this half corrupt and half barbarian giant, who with one hand agitates the Baltic, and with the other reigns over the Euxine, who calls forth the hordes of Causcasus and the nations of Thessaly, who pushes the east upon the west,

THE DINNER in honor of GENL. EATON, will be on table at Stelle's New Hotel to-morrow (Thursday) at half past 3 o'clock...
We lately noticed in the Gazette of the United States the bold and unqualified assertion of a falsehood...
"We were the other day," says the Editor, "forcibly struck with the singularity of an application from several of our subscribers for a copy of the statute of 44th George III. c. 30..."
The conclusion of the whole matter appears to be, that our republican administration, who ought to have no secrets...
In reply to this farrago we say, 1. It is not true, that under federal administration it was usual, in the case of new impositions or unusual restrictions...
2. It is not true that such official communications are published, as a matter of course, by foreign governments.
3. It is not true that the secretary of state, were he to pursue the same course adopted in Europe, would, in the case of restrictions, tell us officially whether they were conformable to existing treaties.
Let us then enter on the career which is pointed out by glory! The people, influenced by their necessities and reason, will, if it is necessary, make a happy secession from governments swayed by a blind interest.
Where is the soldier led from the plough to the standard, to whom our camps will not offer a country more inviting...
Soon shall those who are conquered by our arms become the willing subjects of our laws; those who meet us as enemies shall embrace us as brothers.
In this struggle between civilization and barbarism, we cannot doubt the side on which victory will declare herself in an age when science combats as well as courage.
If the chances of this war offer a brilliant perspective to the lovers of glory, its results offer a perspective not less pleasing to the lovers of humanity.
The chaos into which the interests of Europe have fallen shall be dissipated, her systems simplified, the demarcation of her frontiers become more conformable to the wants and wishes of a civilized people...
In order to obtain these happy consequences, these great blessings, which her avengers must gain at the price of their blood, it will be necessary that this blood flow not drop by drop, but that a terrible and decisive war should soon decide the contest.
People of the cities! Prepare festivals for victory and for peace—People of the capital, that brilliant court which gives you its lustre, removes from you but for a little while—People of the country—your emperor, your father, is happy in having been deceived and misled by the perfidy of an aggressor...
Soon will he restore to you them; ere another harvest shall return, he hopes to strike a decisive stroke, which shall procure for you a long peace, the inevitable and immediate result of his arms.
Tribunes—The future advances with rapid steps. Our words precede only by a few instants the events which they predict.
Time in its course will mature these events. To realise and illustrate them, let us rely on time, which matures in its course the events of the nineteenth century.
ELISA RIGGS, Has imported by the ships
Wm. Murdoch and Enterprise from London, and the United States. Newton, and Abcona from Liverpool, eighty-nine PACKAGES of Seasonable Goods...
Among them are, 9 Bales superfine, and second clothes and coatings, 29 do plains, kerseys, cottons and blankets, 8 do flannels, carpets and hockings, 10 trunks, clintzes, calicoes and hosiery...
Also, Silk hosiery, Chambray muslins, Irish linens, Gloves, hatters trimmings, Silk shawls, furniture trimmings, and many other articles. George Town, Oct. 30—tawtja
PUBLIC NOTICE
Is hereby given that the subscribers assigned appointed by the judges of the inferior court of common pleas for the county of Cumberland in the state of New Jersey, to settle the estate of SAMUEL DOLLAS an insolvent debtor...
DAVID C. WOOD, } Affg's. HUMPHRIES GREEN, } Cumberland county, N. Jersey, Nov. 27—w4tj
the East, and menacing Italy with the manners and servitude of Asia and Africa. This state of the public mind cost Augustus the empire of the world.
Constantine united it anew, and took an advanced post against the attempts of Asia, by chusing Byzantium for the seat of empire.
Already was prepared in the Deserts of Arabia, the most terrible lesson Europe ever received, an example which above all others is calculated for our instruction.
Certainly this terrible overthrow of three parts of the world, was less probable, than the scourges which now threaten us, and which it is yet possible to avert.
When Mahomet traversed the deserts at the head of a caravan, rather than an army, with which however he laid the foundations of that military power, so formidable, and which for so long a time was acknowledged by a large portion of the globe...
More just motives for alarm now exist, when we see the Scythians and the Tartars already marching, to prey upon the vitals of Germany, when the indolent and ferocious nations of the Morea and Epirus, are already rejoicing in the pillage of Italy...
Oh! Italy, thou hast detested, thou hast called barbarian, those people, those soldiers, who from the summits of thy Alps have poured upon thy vallies!
But it is Italy alone which should be alarmed! Again and again I repeat, it is the west, it is Europe which is menaced, and in a manner far more terrible than at that famous and much calumniated epoch, when by an effort which preserved its independence, its political and social existence, the west, actuated by one sentiment, rose and marched in order to preserve the benefits of christianity, and of civilisation...
The religious object was rational, and the political worthy of admiration; at all times it should awaken our gratitude, and at this time it should excite our emulation.
I do not pretend to say that the instinct of that age should be put into competition with the wisdom and science of ours; but it seems to me that the considerations which then so powerfully influenced their minds, should be maturely weighed by us.
Let us for once listen to what is said by those clear sighted and profound politicians, whom we have treated as men ignorant and grossly superstitious.
"The power of the Turk," cry they to kings and nations, "The power of the Turks every day augments to the great detriment of christianity, every day the acquisition of some new province inflates their pride, they invade, they embrace in idea the whole earth; they are more brave and more artful than the Saracens, their councils more wise, their actions more bold, they make greater efforts and are crowned with greater success."
At present, writers of Europe, put the name of Russians in the place of Turks, put the name of Turk in the place of Saracen, for the Turks reigned then in fact, where the Saracens reign now in name, and the Russians now govern where the Turks think they still command, change then the names only, and let us continue this curious expostulation.
"Kings and kingdoms of the west, (I cite the very words transmitted to us) you believe yourselves in security when even the extremities of the earth are not, when the very bosom of Europe is violated, its ramparts threatened and its shores insulted."
"The greatest part of the countries, which the Babylonians, the Medes, the Persians, the Macedonians, the Parthians, and the other masters of the world once possessed, is theirs, or trembles at their approach."
"On all sides they extend their frontiers, or to speak more truly they acknowledge none, and between the places where their sway is firmly established, and the country which we inhabit, there is less distance than between them and the Caspian, from whence they first issued for the ruin of mankind."
Thanks to the defection of Austria and England, Europe is now in the same circumstances in which she was in the eleventh century. Then she sought for a chief and defender in the same country which had given birth to Charles Martel.
It cannot be too often repeated or too deeply engraven on the mind, that if the senseless policy which influences so many of the powers of Europe, if their blind hatred for us continues to urge her on to ruin, that Europe will throw herself into our arms, certain that we will not betray her last hope.
All conspire against the independence of Europe; all abandon her cause—France alone cannot abandon her, nor thus yield up the theatre of her glory.
held Russia throwing the weight of her influence into the complication of interests and the equilibrium of strength, which preserved the balance of the European powers.
All action leads necessarily to reaction, and France was sooner or later to avenge upon herself and all Europe the affront she had received from her own government and from foreign aggressions.
The re-action of France upon herself has taken place. We have been witnesses of its horrors and its prodigies—the revolution has been completed, the dynasty is changed, the blood is renovated throughout all the arteries of the political body—the work is consummated.
Elsewhere it is not so; the re-action commenced, it has been suspended—the revolution was arrested by the moderation of the conqueror. We trusted in the return of misguided cabinets to reason, in the protestations of humiliated powers—chimeras of magnanimity which they have taken care to dissipate.
It is a singular and remarkable sight, to see Europe led on to a destiny, even in opposition to the wishes of the power which the course of circumstances may render the mistress of Europe.
The furious policy of England, the stupid counsels of Austria, the inflammatory impotence of Sweden, the non-existence of Poland, the absolute prostration of all the moral and physical strength of the Ottoman empire; and lastly, the well understood ambition of Russia places Europe in circumstances, which should excite the attention and awaken the anxiety of all thinking minds, and lead to not unprofitable deliberations.
Reflection and foresight are the great and distinguishing faculties of man; they are the strong levers of human action. He who foresees has advanced one step in accomplishing or preventing the event foreseen.
We are at a crisis when events succeed each other with such rapidity, that the boldest predictions of events that appear far distant, are realized in less time than the most clear and active mind would require to analyze them.
That equilibrium of Europe, to which we have just alluded, exists no longer; it is destroyed: that balance, that deep complication of interests, of opposing and concordant systems, which was the foundation of the prosperity of Europe in ordinary times, when its wars were, if I may so say, only civil wars or family quarrels, cannot exist when attacked by great extra-European powers; and has every thing to fear from the pressure of Asia, of Africa, and perhaps of both.
In those interesting and trying circumstances, which have more than once taken place, and which exist at the present time, Europe is infallibly destined to a general servitude, if she obstinately perseveres in her present intestine jealousies and divisions.
At what epochs was it, that the barbarians made their first irruption into the Roman world with impunity? It was under Gallien, that phantom of an emperor, it was when thirty tyrants at a time were proclaimed by a frantic soldiery, or when cities in tumult disputed an empire which they were alike eager to destroy and unable to defend.
The world is very old, yet always changing, always the same, a prey to the same passions, seduced or enlightened by the same interests, the same causes produce the same effects in every age, we need not servilely seek in the records of the past rules for our conduct at the present period; but let us study in the grand Mirror of history, its repeated lessons and reap instruction from the experience of the past.
In the earliest ages, when Europe was insulted by Assyria, she ranged herself under the command of a single chieftain, some ages after, Greece (then civilised Europe) was within a hair's breadth of destruction by the monarchs of Asia who took advantage of her intestine divisions.
But at the voice of their Amphictyons, they assembled to chase a captain general; liberty, jealousy as love, and as easily alarmed, for a long while resisted the supremacy of Philip and his son—Thebes paid dear for her resistance; but soon was the voice of gratitude heard throughout Greece, now delivered from all fears of the barbarians, and all her altars smoked in honor of Alexander.
Europe composed at present, I will not say of republics, but of democracies more foolishly jealous, not only of that liberty dear to all generous hearts, but of its most frivolous forms, will be forced, if the policy of Vienna and London are not changed, to adopt ideas of combination and unity, incompatible, without doubt, with all the dignity of independent states, but by which alone she can be saved when attacked by another part of the world, and it is too plain a truth to need exposition, that even those who most complain of the power of France and who invite the intervention of Russia, are by their measures driving the west of Europe to the alternative of perishing, and of perishing soon under Russia, or of giving greater weight and importance to the preponderance of the French government.
Certainly Hannibal encountered the greatest difficulties and disadvantages in attacking Italy, if we compare his expedition with the other irruptions into Europe by Asia, and Africa, or even to that which now menaces us; nevertheless if at this epoch, Italy had not been almost united under the same influence, if the power of Rome had not been the same that it was before the siege of Veiae, there would have been an end of Rome, of the independence of Italy, and Europe had been subjugated by Africa.
Octavius sustained the cause of Europe, of Europe indignant at beholding Anthony drawing in his train the kings of
Asia upon Europe, is a crime of Austria against Europe, against herself, is an anti-social delirium which cannot sufficiently excite our astonishment and indignation.
What then is the hope of Austria, when Europe shall cease to exist, and that Europe is in danger of losing its independence cannot be doubted when we see combined against her, the riches of the two Indies, the power of a vast portion of Asia, the fatal defection, the parriacidal policy of a part of her own states.
"But," cry the mercenary and stupid writers "it is on France the eyes of Europe should be fixed, it is France who has destroyed the equilibrium, it is she what she adds to her territory is small and almost imperceptible in comparison with the provinces swallowed by Russia, or the kingdoms subjugated by England. But the conquests of England and Russia are so distant." Not so distant, however, but that their gold can reach with facility, and their armed hordes penetrate to the heart of Europe.
"But," dare they add—"these conquests of England and Russia may be the more readily pardoned, since they gain so little from them; since they govern them so wretchedly; for the population of India diminishes every day under the iron sceptre of Great Britain, and the prosperity of Asia is not very sensibly augmented under the knout of Russia."
Strange reasoning indeed, by which they would induce us to conclude, that the impotence of a government to do good, compensates for its power to do ill.
Behold however these armies which a territory, less populous it is true, but thrice as extensive as the rest of Europe can raise, see them extending from the mouths of the Boristhenes to those of the Neva; see at the entrance of these same rivers, two fleets, at a given signal, setting sail, and tracing around Europe a line of ignominy and servitude, and in the space of a little time, meeting and uniting before the mouths of the Rhone or the Tiber, and then say if Europe is not endangered.
If England were in a like situation, do you not believe she would before this, have officially proclaimed the blockade of Europe? Nature, stronger than ambition, prevents England from acting as she would act were she situated like Russia; but where the views of ambition are assisted by natural position, can we doubt but that Russia will adopt the logic of England?
What is wanting to enable her to execute this plan of gigantic tyranny, since a great and still increasing marine is to be the instrument. Is it timber, when possessed of forests untouched since the creation; is it hemp, is it iron, is it provisions of any kind, when she is the grand magazine of Europe, or can it be men? No they will not soon exhaust, either the regions of ancient Scandinavia, which have been called the nurseries of the human race, nor the vast nations of Asia, those eternal reservoirs which have periodically inundated the ancient world.
But, perhaps, gold, so necessary in modern warfare, may be wanting; perhaps ramparts and barriers may impede her progress.
Gold! England, depending on her insular situation, and as separated from Europe, shutting her eyes on the dangers which she thinks distant or impossible, exhausts the treasures of India on her side. Ramparts, barriers!
Austria, a thousand times more senseless than England, since her danger is more imminent, Austria opens a passage through her territories, and over the bodies of her subjects marks a passage for Russian armies to march to the west and middle of Europe to join the Russian and Tartar fleets.
What will be the consequence to Austria and England of such a violation of all the dictates of interest and prudence may be easily foreseen; for Austria, it will be the overthrow of a government whose subjects are not its friends—for England, more remote, indeed, but more terrible, the entire destruction of both the government and people.
In vain do these powers endeavor to deceive themselves—their destiny is inscribed upon the pages of history.
At the time when the Moors were invited into Spain by two traitors, blinded by revenge, they took no time to consider the consequences of their treason; they believed that the difference of religion, of manners, of color would prevent the Moors from making a permanent establishment, and yet but a few years had elapsed when, except in inaccessible mountains, scarcely a drop of Christian blood was to be found in Spain.
And to whom is it that the court of Vienna thus cheerfully opens her hereditary kingdoms? To a powerful sovereign of the very same people who, under the emperor Leopold, invited by the rebel Hungarians, laid siege to Vienna with an army of 300,000 combatants, by whom it would have been infallibly taken, and ravaged, had it not been for the succours of the magnanimous Sobieski.
In a similar and perhaps as near a danger, no Sobieski will arise! There is no longer a Poland—ingratitude has consigned it to destruction; avarice has despoiled it!
There is no longer a Poland! This is the true cause, the deplorable origin of all the revolutions over which Europe has mourned that gloomy period, and of all those which are yet to be accomplished!
When Charles XII. and Peter I. fought for victory with armies so small that they seemed lost in the deserts of the Ukraine, Europe might look on with indifference, and although this indifference discovered no great penetration, there was nothing in it repugnant to common policy.
But it was quite another thing when, on the partition of Poland, Europe be-

ties and the laws of nations, "and consequently" (puerile conception!) "whether or not they were obligatory upon our citizens."
4. It is not true that the present administration have more secrets than their predecessors. On the contrary it is incontrovertible that they have in all cases, where the public good did not forbid, made a full disclosure of the information possessed by them. In attestation of this fact, we appeal to the records of Congress, and to the public prints for five years past, a great portion of which have been filled with official documents.
Nothing can be more awkward than this attempt of federalists to impress the idea that they are the exclusive friends to the publicity of official transactions, and the enemies to state secrets! Do they remember the darkness that shrouded the memorable Algerine treaty, not merely during its passage, but long afterwards; that fatal treaty which, not contented with opening the coffers of the nation to the insatiable avarice of pirates, gratified their pride, and embolished their triumphs with a frigate, built by our own citizens, now the boast of her navy and the most efficient instrument of outrage? Do they remember the profound obscurity in which it was intended to keep the British treaty, which the patriotism of a Mason dragged into day-light; and which had it passed in the form in which it passed, might have been ten times worse but for the light shed upon its fatal provisions by public discussion? Do they recollect the current creed of federalism that the people did not, nay could not judge correctly of our foreign relations; that the administration alone possessed the means of forming accurate opinions, thereby pointedly begging the question now at issue? Do they recollect the veto passed by general Washington on the call for papers made by the House of Representatives, the contents of which they, the direct representatives of the people, considered essential to enlighten their path and point out their duties? Let them recollect these, and many other like cases, and talk as loudly as they please of the disrespect of the present administration to the people. Our answer to all these philippics is, "the people are a well informed people, and they know their friends from their enemies."
While on this topic, it may not be uninteresting to contrast an instance of the correct and comprehensive information which the enlightened Editor of the Gazette of the United States ascribes among other federal Editors to himself, and that possessed by a brother Editor at Norfolk.
"On the subject of Spanish captures, (says the Editor of the Gazette,) we learn that many of them are owing to the want of proper papers, such as are required by the treaty which exists between the two governments. That treaty (in the 27th article we believe, but not having it before us we cannot be positive as to the article) requires that our vessels should be furnished with passports of a particular description, not the consular passports which our merchants are in the habit of obtaining, and reviving upon, and the want of such as are described in the treaty is alleged as the reason why so many of our vessels have been captured and carried into Algeciras."
"We are confidently assured that the government of Spain, so far from authorising the capture of American vessels have recently issued circular orders to all their officers to treat the American flag with particular respect."
"As this information may be relied upon, we hope soon to find our commerce relieved from one of the embarrassments under which it has so long been laboring."
On this article the Editor of the Public Ledger remarks:
"Our readers will notice an article which we copy from the Gazette of the United States. It would, from that appear, that letters have been received from Europe, which assign a cause for the capture of our ships by Spain. We have examined the treaty with Spain, and find the 17th article in conformity to that published, but we do not find any form of a passport annexed to the treaty, as stated in that article. From the best information which we can collect, we are disposed to think that no form was ever annexed to it, and that it was omitted as in the case of the "Rôle d'Équipage" in our treaty with France. We cannot, however, think that Spain is justified in taking the advantage of an omission, in form only. It is our opinion that the spirit of this article is satisfied by the passports or sea-letters, with which our vessels are usually furnished. As other forms have not been adopted, it is presumed that the present has been deemed sufficient. Indeed such a conclusion must be drawn, because Spain has been at war during every administration, and no other document has been required on the part of that country. If Spain attempts to justify her conduct under such miserable pretexts, it will be an addition of meanness to insolence and rapaciousness."
What says the Gazette of the United States to this? "If Spain attempts to justify her conduct under such miserable pretexts, it will be an addition of meanness to insolence and rapaciousness." If such be the merited reproach of Spain, who has her own interests to pursue, who cannot be expected to be guided by any regard to our interests, what shall we say to the Americans, who thus attempts to justify her conduct, what of the blood that runs through her veins, but that the rage of malignant passion has estranged him from himself, and in his petty hatred of those in power, has betrayed him into sentiments even worse than those ascribed to the meanness, the insolence and rapacity of foreign powers.
IN our preceding columns we lay before our readers the remaining official documents published by the French government, the whole, as they have appeared in the National Intelligencer, forming an unbroken chain. We owe the translation of the first proceedings of the Tribunal to the Mercantile Advertiser. Our columns were too full to admit in detail the intelligence received at Norfolk. The prominent events it announces are that Talleyrand had repaired to Strasburg; that Massena had established his head-quarters at Valleggio in Italy; and that the French army had passed the Rhine.
The celebrated Gen. MIRANDA has arrived at New York, from London.
COMMUNICATION.
A Friend to the City has with concern observed the want of that spirit and liberality in the inhabitants that alone can promote the prosperity of their infant establishment, of which the total neglect of a Theatre, formed on their own particular solicitation, is one of the most striking proofs. Is it not in a great measure a reproach to a civilized and polished people, that they should, by an ill-timed parsimony and pointed neglect, crush that Institution, which our far less enlightened ancestors made it their study to promote, as the school for manners and the encourager of morals. If the circulation of money is of any consequence to the city, what is so liable to produce it as an attention in the citizens themselves to an innocent amusement, that may incline every visitor to the City to follow their example, and by the appearance of liberality in themselves, call forth the reality in Strangers which in the end must be beneficial to the city in general. For it is a well known fact that players must live, and is also a known fact that they can do nothing without money. Every dollar the tradesman spends in the Theatre is returned again with twofold interest to his own pocket.—To those who are independent we trust the remonstrances are unnecessary. It is with pleasure we have learned, that our theatrical friends mean to give us one more week or two's trial.—Whether it continues any longer or no, depends on their success. And it is sincerely hoped, the citizens will no longer suffer the disgrace of illiberality to remain attached to the respectable name of Washington City.
A FRIEND TO THE DRAMA.
At a numerous meeting of the inhabitants of the city of Washington convened pursuant to public notice to take into consideration the utility of opening the Tyber Creek.
Resolved unanimously, That the subject on which this meeting is convened, is calculated to be of great utility.
Resolved, That a committee be appointed to obtain subscriptions for carrying into effect the opening of Tiber creek, and to consider any preliminary measures towards that object, and to report the same to this meeting on the Fourth Monday of December next.
Ordered, That Joseph Huddleston, Robert Underwood, Thomas Thorpe, Alexander M'Cormick, Lewis Morin, George Andrews and John P. Van Ness, be said committee.
ROBT. UNDERWOOD, Chairman. THOMAS HERTY, Sec.
AS a subscription paper has been offered to sundry inhabitants of this city and LIBERALLY SUBSCRIBED, it has been mislaid or not returned to the person who had it in charge—all subscriptions on that list are considered as null and void, as the person who had it in charge could not act in the above committee without particularly interfering with his present engagements. It is hoped those friends to the institution will not be backward to renew their subscriptions under the present arrangements.
Providence (R. I.) Nov. 16. We have been favored, by a respectable mercantile house here, with a copy of the following instruction to British ships of war and privateers.
GEORGE R. Instruction to our courts of admiralty, and to the commanders of our ships of war and privateers. Given at our court of St. James the 17th day of August, in the forty-fifth year of our reign.
WE are pleased hereby to direct the commanders of our ships of war and privateers, not to seize any neutral vessel, which shall be carrying on trade directly from the colonies of the enemy to the ports of this kingdom, and laden solely with the property of inhabitants of the neutral country to which the ship belongs; provided such neutral ship has already cleared out, or shall clear out from such colony prior to the 1st day of November next, and shall not have supplied the enemy with any articles contraband of war on the outward voyage, and shall not have entered or be coming from any blockaded port. And in case any neutral vessel, trading as aforesaid hath been or shall be detained or brought before any of our courts of admiralty, it is our will and pleasure that such ships, together with their cargoes, be forthwith liberated.
By his Majesty's command, HAWKESBURY.
New-York, Nov. 22.
It was a current report yesterday at the Coffee House (but we have not been able to trace it to its origin, or to give any well founded opinion on its authenticity) that a private letter had been received in this city from the eastward, mentioning that lord Nelson had brought the combined fleet to an engagement off
Cadiz, which was desperately fought on both sides, and terminated in the capture of 17 sail of French and Spanish vessels, and in the destruction or disability of the remainder, and that lord Nelson, after being thrice taken to the cockpit to have his wounds dressed, received a shot in his breast as he sat in his chair on the quarter deck directing the engagement, and was killed. Such is the substance of the report to which we cannot at present attach the smallest degree of credit.
FROM THE NORFOLK PUBLIC LEDGER of the 18th inst.
Latest from Europe.
Captain Smith of the ship Eliza, in 38 days from Bordeaux, has favored us with a regular file of Paris papers to the 30th Sept. and of Bordeaux to the 5th Oct.
The Editor, after giving a brief view of articles which have already appeared at length in this paper, proceeds—
Of the armies—their movements will be found in the succeeding columns. The French army it will be seen had crossed the Rhine in three places, and is commanded by the emperor Bonaparte in person, who it will be observed had arrived at Strasburg. The Austrian army had been prompt in entering Bavaria, and was animated by the presence of the emperor of Austria. The Russian army in two divisions was advancing through Galicia, and were expected to form a junction with the Austrian army in Germany, sometime in October. The Austrian army in Italy is commanded by the archduke Charles, and that of the French by Massena.
Diplomatic relations do not appear to be entirely broken off between France and Austria, as by the latest accounts it will be seen that the French ambassador was still at Vienna, and we do not perceive, after a careful examination, that the Austrian minister had quitted Paris.
Of peace—some efforts were still making by the king of Prussia for its preservation, but it was thought without any prospect of success. This cautious government had determined to maintain its neutrality, notwithstanding there are some vague articles inserted in the French and Austrian journals, which indicate a disposition in Prussia to adopt a different conduct. These journalists appear to offer their wishes for facts; we do not perceive any thing that induces us to suppose that Prussia will become a party in the war.
The Helvetic Republic has received assurances from Austria that her neutrality will be respected.
Of Sweden and Denmark, we do not perceive any thing very remarkable, except that the former power is said to have entered into a subsidy with Great Britain and Russia, by which Sweden and Russia are to furnish each 24,000 land forces. The king of Prussia has earnestly invited the king of Denmark to unite with Saxony and Hesse, in measures to maintain their neutrality.
A Russian fleet was daily expected in Copenhagen Roads, but was not arrived on the 15th Sept. In this fleet were a number of transports with troops; no doubt existed that this fleet would soon arrive, as twenty pilots from Copenhagen and Elsinour had been hired at a great expence to conduct it.
On every side the most active preparations for war were making, particularly in France. If a judgment is to be formed from the papers we have perused, nothing can surpass the animation of the councils, the people and the armies of France.
PUBLIC SALE.
CONFORMABLY to an order issued from the hon. court of Calvert County at September term last, the subscribers will offer at Public Auction on Tuesday the 4th day of February next, if fair, if not the first fair day thereafter, at the late residence of Nathan Smith deceased, at the hour of 12 o'clock,
A valuable Tract of Land
containing Four Hundred and Fourteen acres, and Fourteen Perches.—his truly fertile spot may justly be ranked as first rate land, the soil being extremely rich, capable of producing wheat, hemp, flax, clover, timothy, Indian corn and fine tobacco; the greater part of this beautiful place lies extremely level, and we should do injustice to it, did we neglect to say that few places are equal and none can excel it; the improvements are convenient and in tolerable repair, and as it is presumed those who are inclined to purchase will view the premises previous to the day of sale, it renders a full detail of the improvements unnecessary. This place lies within four miles of Nottingham and about six from Pig Point, has a sufficiency of timber and wood to support it, a tolerable apple orchard, with other fruit trees.
The terms of sale are, that bond and approved security will be required, on the day of sale, payable in two equal payments, the first in twelve, and the second in eighteen months, with yearly interest on the purchase money unpaid, the sale to be subject to the ratification and confirmation of the court, and upon the whole purchase money and interest being paid (and not before) the purchaser or purchasers will receive an indisputable title to the premises so bargained and sold. Possession will be given on the day of sale. This land will be sold altogether or in lots as may appear most conducive to the interest of the representatives.
Joseph Blake, Charles Williamson, Richard Ireland, Jun. } Comr's. Nov. 27—2m
WANTED.
A WOMAN that understands plain cooking and house work; likewise a GIRL of about 14 years of age to take care of children—none need apply but those who can bring unexceptionable recommendations Enquire at the and house from the west end of the Six Buildings and at this office. Nov. 27—tf
Twenty Dollars Reward,
WILL be given for apprehending a certain FAM' a very low and tolerable luffy woman about 38 years of age, but from appearance older, very black and much marked with the small pox which occasioned a small defect in one of her eyes, has lost one of her foreteeth, she is very artful and cunning, having procured a free pass, and passed by the name of Charity Shorter; she was formerly the property of John Chittens of this county, and was run away for near eight years, was apprehended and sold to me in 1803 and was hired by me to a certain Thomas King of Prince George's county, from whom she absconded in Oct. 1804 and has been lacking. I do suppose near where she was hired or gone to Calvert county where I have understood her husband has gone. The above reward will be given to any person who will lodge her in jail so that I get her again, or deliver her to Mr. Samuel Speake city of Washington, or to the jailer living in Charles county Maryland, near Port Tobacco. P.S. I forewarn any person from harboring or employing said woman, at their peril. MARY SIMMS. Nov. 27—tf
District of Columbia, Washington county, to wit:
ON the petition of NATHANIEL BRASHEARS an insolvent debtor confined in the prison of Washington county for debt, notice is hereby given to the creditors of the said Nathaniel Brashears that on the second day of December next, at 10 o'clock, A. M. at the court room in the Capitol, the oath prescribed by the act of Congress, for the relief of insolvent debtors within the District of Columbia, will be administered to the said Nathaniel Brashears and a trustee appointed unless sufficient cause then and there be shown to the contrary. It is ordered that this notice be published in the National Intelligencer, twice previously to said day. By order of the hon. Wm. Kilty, chief judge of the circuit court of the district of Columbia. WM. BRENT, Ck. November 27—3t
WASHINGTON ACADEMY.
TWO PRINCIPAL TEACHERS are wanted in the Academy at the City of Washington, to be opened on the first Monday of January next. They must be qualified to teach reading, writing, the English and Latin languages, geography and the mathematics. Each Principal Teacher to receive five hundred dollars per annum, payable quarterly, for which he is to instruct such poor scholars as may be sent by the Board of Trustees, provided their whole instruction shall not exceed one hundred and twenty quarters in each year; & likewise to receive the entire amount of the tuition money for pay scholars at the rate of five dollars a quarter until the number amount to fifty, and beyond that number as shall be fixed by the Board. Out of this compensation he is to pay for necessary assistants, the rent of the school rooms, and other incidental expenses.
Applications will be received until the first Monday in December next at the City of Washington by WASHINGTON BOYD, Secretary of the Board of Trustees, or by
GABRIEL DUVAL, } A committee SAMUEL H. SMITH, } appointed for WILLIAM CRANCH, } Spurpose.
Editors friendly to the advancement of Education, are requested to insert the above advertisement a few times.
IRON WORKS ON POTOMAC.
The Subscriber has for Sale
or Rent, a good seat for a Furnace upon the North Branch of Potomac in Hampshire county, with plenty of ore already investigated at considerable expence and found to be good, a constant and sufficient stream with upwards of 30 feet fall, and the wood of more than 9000 acres of well timbered land; enough of which is arable to form a complete establishment. Connected with this may also be rented the forge built by Mr. John Potts at the Great Falls of Potomac, now the property of the subscriber. It is conceived that these two seats are particularly worthy of the notice of Iron Masters of capital; as they are fully adequate to the supply of iron, in its various forms, to an extensive country, having great demand for that article, both above and below the Blue Ridge. The Hampshire property is free from every encumbrance, and the payment of a very few thousand dollars due to the proprietor of the fee simple at the Great Falls (my lease of which is for upwards of 900 years at a low rent) for rents in arrears prior to my purchase, will render this property clear; and afford a complete establishment for all the various manufactures of iron, as well as for mills, with a convenient farm, &c. &c. I have seats equally eligible (if not superior) for furnace and forge, upon the river Shenandoah in this county, with ore, wood, and water, all convenient and abundant; which may be rented for a long term of years, with rich farming land attached thereto. FERDINANDO FAIRFAX. Charles town, Jefferson Co. Virg. November 16—wtf
ELIAS B. CALDWELL, ATTORNEY AT LAW,
HAS removed his Office, to the house lately occupied by Mr. LAW, on Capitol Hill. Washington, July 26—tf
Boston, Nov. 19.
FROM GIBRALTAR.
Capt. Broex, from Gibraltar, whose ship unfortunately got on shore at Cossasset, last week, brought a paper of Oct. 5, from which the subsequent interesting paragraphs are copied:
GIBRALTAR, Oct. 5. IMPORTANT ORDER.
The following copy of an order sent by the Spanish government to the commandant of marine, at Algeciras, has been received by several respectable mercantile houses in this place: and although the omission of the names, both of the writer and of the person to whom it is addressed, has made us hesitate whether we should insert it, until we found it published in the Madrid Gazette, yet its importance, and the assurance we have received from good authority, that its authenticity has been verified on the spot by persons interested in the enquiry, have induced us to give it a place in this number.
"The Director General of the Navy in a letter of the 25th of the last month, writes to the Commandant General as follows:
His Excellency, the Secretary of State and of the Marine, communicates to me the following Royal order of yesterday:—
MADRID, SEPT. 3, 1805. Most Excellent Sir,
His Excellency, the minister of the United States, has complained of new grievances and captures of American vessels by the Spanish privateers; and that eleven Americans have been carried into Algeciras under pretence, as it is stated, that they were carrying English Merchandise. Which having been laid before His Majesty the King, he has been pleased to order that, if there is no other motive for the capture of said vessels but the one alleged by the American minister, they should be immediately liberated, as, by the 15th article of the treaty of the United States, the American flag covers the goods on board, although they be enemies property; but have they been detained from any other motives, the suits are to be decided with the utmost dispatch according to the established laws, which I communicate to your excellency, according to the Royal Order, that you may make it known to the heads of departments of the navy, that they may communicate it to the commandants of marine and to the owners of privateers who, after receiving due notice, shall be responsible for any injuries which may be sustained through them."
[This news is corroborated by the late advices from Bayonne. We are uncertain who performed the functions of American Minister. Mr. Pinckney whose commission had been superceded, was at Madrid. It is probable the U. States had a charge des affaires there. Possibly Mr. Ervine.]
Letters from Spain state that hostilities have begun in Italy, and that a battle has been fought at Verona between the Austrians and French commanded by Massena. If this statement be true, we hope the event has proved unfavorable to our enemies, as the Spanish letters mention no particulars. It is added, that some imperial vessels have been carried to Algeciras, by French privateers; and it is a certain fact, that the ships of that nation now in this bay, have been directed by their consul not to sail until further orders.
THEATRE.
The Public are respectfully informed that, at the request of several respectable Inhabitants, the Manager is induced to re-open the Theatre THIS EVENING, Nov. 27,
With Goldsmith's celebrated COMEDY, in Five acts, of SHE STOOPS TO CONQUER, OR The Mistakes of a Night.
Between the play and Farce, A HORAPIPE by Master Douglas SONG—When Edward left his native plain, MRS. GREEN.
To which will be added a favorite Farce in Two Acts, never performed here, called
The Village Lawyer.
ADMITTANCE—Box one Dollar, Pitt three quarters of a Dollar.
Tickets to be had at Mr. McLaughlin's tavern, George-Town, at the office of the Washington Federalist, at the Theatre, and at A. & G. Way's Printing-Office.
Doors to be opened at half past FIVE, and the performance to commence at half past SIX o'clock.
Places for the Boxes to be taken at the Theatre, on the days of performance, from ten o'clock till one.
Stoves will be placed in the lobby to render the Theatre more comfortable.
To be Sold,
Or EXCHANGED for other property in the City, or its vicinity.
TWO valuable and contiguous TRACTS of LAND in the state of Kentucky, the one containing 6880 acres, and the other 623 acres, by late reforestry. They are under old and indisputable titles of more than twenty years, and situate in a populous county, adjoining flourishing settlements. All taxes thereon have been duly paid. Appy to the subscriber,
JOHN BECKLEY. City of Washington, } November 6—wtf }

FALL & WINTER GOODS.
JOHN COX HAS this day received a large addition to his former supply of FALL and WINTER GOODS, which makes his assortment very complete. Most of his goods were bought on such terms as to enable him to offer them by piece or retail lower than the regular importers can afford to sell at. George town, Oct. 18—NIG&UGepf
District of Columbia, Washington county, to wit: I hereby certify that Mr. Benjamin Belt, of the county aforesaid, living near Rock Creek Church, brought before me one of the justices of the peace for the said county. A trespassing Gray Sorrel Mare, about 8 years old, 14 and an half hands high, a star on her forehead, her left hind foot white, with a few saddle spots, trots and gallops. Given under my hand, this 22nd day of November, 1805 SAML HAMILTON. Nov. 22 3t
PUBLIC SALE. Pursuant to a decree of the Court of Chancery, I will sell at public sale on Saturday the 30 inst. the following valuable property in the city of Washington.
All that Lot of ground, being part of square No. 74, adjoining the Six Buildings upon which several frame buildings are erected, one of which is large and well calculated for an extensive wet or dry good store, and the others with a small expense may be made to suit a family. This valuable property has a front of 86 feet on Pennsylvania avenue, and 140 feet front on 21st street.
Also, Lots numbered 3, 4, 5, and 6 in square No. 38—the three first having a front of 28 feet 7 inches each, and the last 21 feet 1 inch, on Pennsylvania avenue; each lot is improved by a two story brick building intended for back buildings, but which may, at an inconsiderable expense, be rendered comfortable dwellings. A more particular description of these lots will be given on the day of sale, or at any time before, on application to me. Terms of sale to be for ready money, or money to be paid immediately upon the ratification of the sale by the Court of Chancery for the district of Columbia. The sale to commence at half after ten o'clock A. M. on the premises. JOSEPH FORREST, Trustee. November 8—tdf
WASHINGTON TONTINE. THE Subscriber, appointed by the Directors, agent for the sale of lots belonging to this institution has opened an office for that purpose in the third house from the west end of the Six Buildings, where he will attend every day from 3 to 5 o'clock in the afternoon. The Lots are generally situate between George Town and the President's square, between that square and the Capitol, and about the Navy Yard, and amongst them there are some water lots, equal to any in the city, the terms of sale, cash, or short or long credit to suit purchasers; but in cases of credit, the punctual payment of annual interest, and of the principal at the period stipulated must be well secured. If this be done to satisfaction, the purchasers may almost name their own time of credit. JOSEPH FORREST. October 16—td
1500 DOLLARS REWARD. HIGHWAY ROBBERY. YESTERDAY about 11 o'clock in the forenoon, Mr. JOHN PETER, an Officer of the BANK OF COLUMBIA, was stopped on horseback on the road between this town and Alexandria, and within about 2 miles of the latter place, by some unknown villain, shot through the body with a pistol, and robbed of a sum of money in his possession belonging to this institution which he was taking to Alexandria, for the purpose of exchanging with the banks there. The whole sum taken amounted Eighteen Thousand One hundred and Fourteen Dollars and Sixty five Cents, made up in several packages, among which were, Dol. C 1 post note of the Bank of Virginia, for 300 1 do. of the same, for 500 1 do. of the same, for 500 1 do. of the same, for 450 1 do. of the Bank of Potomac in favor of Joseph Biddle by him endorsed to Washington Bowie, dated 6 July, 1805. No 117 149 65 A check of the Union Bank, on the Bank of Alexandria drawn by R. Higginbotham, cashier, in favor of Greatham and Deveraux, by them endorsed and by Benj. Stoddert, and C. Smith, teller. There were also a parcel of post notes of the Bank of Alexandria for 100 dollars, and for 50 dollars each. The remainder was in current notes, principally of the banks of Alexandria and Potomac, and some few of the Bank of Virginia of different sizes and denominations. As the attack was sudden, and the wound received of a nature to deprive Mr. Peter instantly of his senses, (aliquo, it is now hoped he will recover) the description obtained may not be very accurate. As far as we are informed the man who perpetrated the act, is of middle stature, good countenance, and had a genteel appearance. He had on a dark blue or black coat, nankeen pantaloons, shoes, and a black hat, he was on foot and alone at the time, but may have had accomplices concealed, and will probably change his clothes. FIVE HUNDRED DOLLARS will be given to any person or persons, who will detect and bring to conviction the robber; and ONE THOUSAND DOLLARS additional for the recovery of the whole of the money, or in proportion for any smaller sum recovered—should there be accomplices, and one of them make a discovery, so that it leads to the conviction of the robber, or to the recovery of the money he shall receive the above reward, and interest will be made to obtain his pardon. WILLIAM WHANN, Cashier of the Bank of Columbia. George Town, July 31—
WASHINGTON CITY.
INDIAN KING TAVERN. THE SUBSCRIBER HAS rented that large and commodious house formerly occupied by Mr. WILLIAM HODGES, near the Reasury Department on F street. He respectfully informs his friends and the public in general, that he will use his utmost endeavors to have at all times the best accommodations for Travellers and Boarders, by the Day, Week, Month and year. JOSEPH M. SEMMES. November 22—3w District of Columbia, Washington county, to wit:
ON the petition of WILLIAM RUTHERFORD an insolvent debtor confined in the prison of Washington county for debt—notice is hereby given to the creditors of the said Wm. Rutherford, that on the 2nd day of December next, at 10 o'clock A. M. at the court room in the Capitol, the oath prescribed by the act of Congress, for the relief of insolvent debtors within the district of Columbia, will be administered to the said Wm. Rutherford and a trustee appointed unless sufficient cause then and there be shown to the contrary. It is ordered that this notice be published in the National Intelligencer three times previously to said day. WM BRENT, Ck. District of Columbia, Washington county, to wit:
ON the petition of JOHN D. BRASHEARS an insolvent debtor confined in the prison of Washington county for debt, notice is hereby given to the creditors of the said John D. Brashears that on the second day of December next, at 10 o'clock A. M. at the court room in the Capitol, the oath prescribed by the act of Congress, for the relief of insolvent debtors within the District of Columbia, will be administered to the said John D. Brashears and a trustee appointed unless sufficient cause then and there be shown to the contrary. It is ordered that this notice be published in the National Intelligencer three times previously to said day. WM. BRENT, Ck. November 22—3t
STERMACETI OIL & CANNLES. 50 Boxes Superior quality Spermaceti Candles. 10 Barrels do. do. do. Oil, just landed and for sale by the box and barrel by JOHN GOULDING, at his grocery store in Bridge Street, George Town, where he continues to be supplied as usual, with the oldest and best liquors, for sale in casks and bottles, and by retail—among which are 30 cases of real Holland Gin. Nov 22—1m. NOTICE to Delinquent Subscribers to the THEATRE.
ALL Subscribers to the Theatre, who have not made full payments on their shares, or contributed the materials and work promised, are hereby notified that unless the same be done on or before the first day of December next, their shares will be forfeited; after which day certificates of stock will be issued to those subscribers who have complied with the terms of subscription on application to the Directors. ROBERT BRENT, } Directors. WILLIAM BRENT, } SAMUEL H. SMITH, } Sept. 4 tf
New DRY GOOD STORE. BENJ. & HORATIO JONES, HAVE just received at their store in High street, next door to Mr. John Cox's, a handsome assortment of Fall and Winter Goods, which being laid in on the best terms, they will dispose of them unreasonably low, for cash. George Town. Nov 13 6w
CITY OF WASHINGTON, Sept. 9, 1805. Several persons under the impression that the public lots in this city are to be disposed of in future by public sales only , having made enquiries when the next sale will probably take place, we are requested to state that those lots may at any time be purchased at private sale of the Superintendant of the City.
STELLE'S HOTEL & CITY TAVERN. THE Subscriber takes this method of thanking his friends and the public for their favors whilst on the Capitol Square and begs leave to acquaint them that he has taken the Spacious Hotel lately erected by Mr. Carroll , near the Capitol. The hotel being above one hundred feet in front, and containing fifty rooms enables the subscriber to offer every accommodation to members of Congress and travellers which can be expected in a public house. PONTIUS D. STELL. Washington City, March 25—tf N. B.—P. D. S. will rent the house lately occupied by him on the adjoining square.
Twenty Dollars Reward. AARON, a mulatto man about 43 years old, left the city of Washington early in October, and was seen on the road leading from Alexandria to Leesburg in company with a black woman, who I am informed is the property of some person in the vicinity of this place—He is about 5 feet 10 inches high, has short hair, very bald, in one of his eyes brows (I think it is the left) near his nose, there is an indented scar occasioned by a stroke he received, which fractured the bone in that place, and whenever he has it in his power never fails to drink to excess. It is probable that he has gone to Jefferson or Berkeley county in Virginia, where he formerly resided, and from thence will endeavor to go to Kentucky. The above reward will be paid to any person who will have him committed to jail, and give information thereof to the subscriber in George Town, district of Columbia. EDWARD GANTT. Washington, July 24— Independence the 30th year—tf
NOTICE.
THE Subscriber anxious to settle with all those who have accounts standing against him unpaid, earnestly requests all persons indebted to him for Medical Services rendered previous to the 1st of Jan. 1805, immediately to pay off their respective balances, as no farther indulgence can be given. Those who do not comply with the above request may be assured that the most speedy and effectual mode to compel payment will be adopted without respect of persons. EDWARD GANTT. Nov. 10—1m
Twenty Dollars Reward. WILL be given for apprehending NIM, a small mulatto fellow, about 5 feet 4 inches and a half high, active and well made, 22 or 23 years of age, tho' perhaps of an appearance more youthful, and cunning and artful in the extreme. His features are regular, and the expression of his countenance agreeable—his thumbs are short and unusually thick at the ends—he is an excellent coachman and runner, having done little else than attend to horses for many years. He carried with him a short blue cloth coat, corduroy pantaloons, and a drab great coat, and many other articles of clothing in a pair of black saddle bags. The above reward will be given for securing him in jail. JOHN COLES. Albemarle county, Virg. Nov 1—
KING'S HOTEL. The subscriber begs leave to inform his friends and the public generally, that he has moved from the Navy Yard to the Capitol Hill, in the hotel lately occupied by Mr. R. D. Steele, where he hopes to be favoured with a part of their patronage. It being a desirable situation, and the conveniences of the hotel excelled by none in the city. He therefore hopes to please those that call upon him in every instance. WILLIAM R. KING. August 30—tf.
CHARLES H. VARDEN, MERCHANT TAYLOR. Has received from Philadelphia a handsome assortment of FALL goods, consisting of the best London and French superfine cloths, cashmeres, patent Bennet's cord, toilettes, fancy and white Marcellas, black and figured silk, mouselins, fancy silk, Marcellas, constitution cords, velvets, Genoa cord, silk and fustian Florentines, superfine coating, knapped cloths, with a variety of other articles suitable for the winter season. N. B. Ladies habits, regimentals, and navy uniforms made in the first style of fashion. New Jersey avenue near the Capitol, December 10—tf
Strayed or Stolen, on or about the first instant from the commons of Washington city TWO MARES, one a large handsome sorrel supposed to be about 8 or 9 years old, the off hind and fore foot white, flood all round, short bob tail, (switch name, some white on her forehead; had on when she was missed, a lock on the off fore foot as well as I recollected. The other a small very dark bay mare apparently with foal, (switch tail and mane, two fore feet flood, and a little white (I believe, but am not quite certain) on the off hind foot—Whoever will deliver the above mares to the subscriber in the city of Washington, near the Capitol, shall receive Five DOLLARS if found within ten miles, and Ten DOLLARS if twenty miles or upwards from the Capitol. AND. T. MCCORMICK. Nov. 20—tf
WASHINGTON TONTINE.
SUBSCRIBERS to this institution who have not fixed the lives on which they choose their stock to depend, will please to take notice, that it cannot be done after the 31st day of December ensuing; the constitution providing, that after that day, there can be no change of lives. Written directions on this subject, sent to the subscriber in season, will be duly attended to. BEN: STODDERT. October 16—eptDec.
PENNSYLVANIA HOUSE AND MYER'S CITY TAVERN.
THE Subscriber respectfully acquaints his friends and the public in general that he has removed from his old tavern stand, to the adjoining houses on the Pennsylvania avenue, lately occupied by Mrs. Wilson as a boarding-house, and Mr. Woodward's tavern, in which he is now opening a Complete Hotel. This stand is probably not excelled by any in the city, either for the accommodation of travellers or boarders; being at a convenient and almost equal distance from the Capitol, the President's House, and Public Offices; near the Theatre, Messrs. Way's Printing Office, and Centre Market, opposite the office of the National Intelligencer, and adjoining Mr. Duane's book store. These houses contain twenty-six lodging rooms with fire places, exclusive of dining, bar, assembly, and coffee rooms, servants apartments, &c. The celebrated ridge spring, is conveyed in pipes to the yard of this hotel, where it supplies the whole neighborhood with flowing, cool water, to which the general health of this part of the city has in a great measure been attributed. The stabling of the hotel now erected is considerable; more however will be completed before the meeting of Congress. I now beg leave to inform my friends with confidence, that my prices shall be as heretofore, corresponding with Pennsylvania tavern rates, and in proportion as my elbow room has increased my disposition to please shall be enlarged: I therefore respectfully hope the continuance of a share of the public patronage. SOLOMON MYER. Washington, July 24— Independence the 30th year—tf
On a liberal credit.
THE subscriber will dispose of at private sale, his estate called Chichester, lying on the eastern branch, immediately opposite the city of Washington. This tract of land containing 697 acres is laid off in lots from 83 to 144 acres for the convenience of purchasers. Plats of the estate and the terms of sale are in the hands of colonel Hanson at the navy yard, and Charles Wayman of George Town. The lots will be shown by Mr. Wedden, living on the premises, near the Eastern Branch bridge. ANTHONY ADDISON. Barnaby, 12th June 1805—tf
TO HIRE or FOR SALE A MIDDLE aged, strong Negro Woman, who has been accustomed to House work. Also, a NEGRO GIRL in her fourteenth year. Apply at the Office of the National Intelligencer. October 25 tf
25 DOLLARS REWARD, Will be given for apprehending a negro man named LEN, he is 37 or 40 years of age, 5 feet 8 inches high or thereabout, and of a very dark complexion, with short wool and cross eyes; he is also pockmarked and flammers very much; he formerly belonged to major Chew, living at the head of Flerring Bay, who disposed of him to Mr. Wm. Campbell near Fredericktown Maryland; Dr. Manuel Kent who lives at Lower Marlboro, purchased him of Mr. Campbell and sold him to the subscriber. LEN was seen, during the months of April and May last, near Lower Marlboro and it is presumed that he is now near one of the abovementioned places. I will give FIFTEEN DOLLAR on his being secured in jail and information given to me, so that I may get him immediately, or the above reward if he be delivered to me at the Navy Yard in the city of Washington. NICHOLAS VOSS. Nov. 22—2wtf
GENTLE PRIVATE BOARDING & LODGING. CONTINUED EXCLUSIVELY TO MEMBERS OF CONGRESS. THE Subscriber having altered and fitted up the two houses opposite to Mr. Duane's Book Store, on the Pennsylvania Avenue, containing thirteen lodging rooms, all with fire places, and neatly furnished; having laid in a stock of wood, coal, &c sufficient for the whole of the season, and provided good cooks and waiters—hopes to be successful in accommodating those who reside in his house. Besides the foregoing rooms, there is a private parlor well fitted for the accommodation of a family. JOHN DOYNE. Washington, Nov. 25—
WASHINGTON CITY.
BOARDING HOUSE. MRS. THOMPSON, RESPECTFULLY informs the Members of Congress and others, that having taken Two of the Six Buildings, she is prepared for general accommodation of a number of Ladies and Gentlemen, as transient boarders or by the year. Those who honor her with their custom, will find it an eligible spot, situated half way between the President's house and George Town; dry, healthy, and convenient to the Public Offices. She has apartments for servants, excellent stables and coach houses, and will spare no pains to give general satisfaction. November 25—
Journeymen Taylors, WANTED BY THE SUBSCRIBER. Five or Six good hands will find constant employ and the full prices given by applying to CHARLES H. VARDEN, Capitol Hill, Washington city, Nov. 25—4t
Five Dollars Reward.
STRAYED or stolen from the subscriber living near the West Market, on the 11th inst. a dark brown horse with a saddle and bridle on, about 14 hands high, a small white flip in his forehead, a ratch'd mane, a switch tail, his near hind foot white, his hough's (when clean) appears striped with white and blue, on the top of his shoulders is a hollow occasioned by a felonice. I will give the above reward, to any person that will deliver said horse to me again. JOHN KEDGLE. Washington, Nov. 25—3t
FOR SALE.
WILL be offered at public sale on Wednesday the 15th day of January 1806, that valuable tract of land whereon the subscriber now lives, called BROOKFIELD; the terms of sale are 5000 pounds of the purchase money on the following credits, one fourth of which to be paid on the first day of August 1807, with interest on the sum remaining due, and a like sum on the first of August in every year thereafter until the whole is paid—cash will be required for any amount that the above property may sell for above three thousand pounds, at which time a good and sufficient title will be given by the subscriber, and a mortgage required on the property until the purchase money is fully paid. At the same time will be sold upwards of 130 acres of wood land, about four miles distant from the above mentioned tract—a credit of 12 months will be given, the purchaser giving bond with approved security, bearing interest from the date. THO. F. BROOKE. Prince George's county, Nov. 22—w3t
HISTORY
Of the West Indies: A WORK in the contents of which every citizen of America must be interested, whether devoted to business, or desirous of information through the medium of amusement. A new & revised edition of Mr. EDWARDS's History of the West Indies, with a third volume, (completed by its amiable author a short time previous to his death) has lately been published in London. This third volume contains the interesting and important history, with a large Map of the Island of St. Domingo, or Hispaniola, as also that of Tobago; likewise a history of the war in the West Indies from its commencement in 1753 and a tour of Mr. William Young through several of the islands. It is accompanied by a highly finished portrait of Mr. Edwards, a history of his life written by himself, and a prefatory advertisement by Sir WILLIAM YOUNG, Baronet, M. P. F. R. S. &c. under whose editorship it has been given to the public.
The subscriber, impressed with a sense of the great importance a general knowledge of the history, civil and commercial, of the West Indies, must be to every citizen of America, and of the great celebrity of the above work, proposes to print it by subscription, and respectfully offers the following for public patronage and encouragement.
Proposals for Printing, From the London copy, 3 volumes quarto, THE HISTORY, CIVIL AND COMMERCIAL, Of the British Colonies in the West Indies. BY BRYAN EDWARDS, ESQ. F. R. S. A. S. Containing, with a variety of other matter:—
 A political and topographical survey of the sugar islands.  A comprehensive account of the ancient and present inhabitants, agriculture, productions, laws, government, constitution and commerce.  An historical review of the slave trade; including observations on the character, genius, dispositions, and situations of the enslaved Africans.  An historical review of St. Domingo, comprehending an account of the former government of the French part of that island, its political state, populations, productions, and exports; a narrative of the calamities which have desolated the island ever since the year 1789; and a detail of the transactions of the British army in that island.  Also, a tour through the islands of Barbadoes, St. Vincent, Antigua, Tobago and Grenada, by Sir William Young, Baronet, &c. And  A history of the war in the West Indies from its commencement in 1753, &c. &c. 
CONDITIONS.
 It will be printed in four volumes, large octavo, on a perfectly new and beautiful type, and on a handsome large medium paper, agreeable to a specimen, which may be had at the subscriber's Book Store.  The price to subscribers to be three dollars the volume, in boards; each volume to be paid for on delivery.  With the last volume will be given an ATLAS, (without any additional price) containing the following maps, viz.  1 A large general map of the West Indies.  2 Map of Jamaica.  3 Barbadoes.  4 Grenada.  5 St. Vincent.  6 Dominica.  7 St. Christopher.  8 Nevis.  9 Antigua.  10 Virgin islands.  11 St. Domingo, or Hispaniola.  12 Tobago.   
To prevent disappointment or complain, it is now premised, that on the publication of the second volume the subscription price will be advanced to three dollars and a half the volume, and on the publication of the last volume the price will be again enhanced. With the last volume, besides the Atlas, will be given an elegant engraving of the celebrated author. Also a list of the subscribers names. The London copy of the foregoing work in three volumes cannot be sold in America, in boards, under sixty dollars. JAMES HUMPHREYS.
Subscriptions are received by said Humphreys at his book-store the corner of Second and Walnut streets, and by the principal Booksellers through the Union. Philadelphia, July 15—
HUGH DRUMMOND.
HAS just opened a house of entertainment in the house lately occupied by D. DOSEBIN near the Navy Yard. He has provided the best liquors, stabling, &c. for the accommodation of travellers and others, and he flatters himself that he will give satisfaction to those who may honor him with their custom. Nov. 22d—wtf.
NOTICE.
MY limited pecuniary resources render it indispensably necessary that I should provide the necessaries of life on the most advantageous terms—of course with ready money. And that I shall not suffer myself to the payment of articles never received, I give notice that I shall not hold myself responsible for any debt unless contracted by myself in person, or by my written order. RICHARD WILLSON. November 15—wtf