The national intelligencer and Washington advertiser. (Washington City [D.C.]), 1804-08-08 00:00:00

NATIONAL INTELLIGENCER, AND WASHINGTON ADVERTISER.
VOL. IV.
WASHINGTON CITY, PRINTED BY SAMUEL HARRISON SMITH, PENNSYLVANIA AVENUE.
No. 129.
FIVE DOLLS. PER ANN.
WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 8th, 1804.
PAID IN ADVANCE.
REPLY OF THE CONSERVATIVE SENATE TO THE FIRST CONSUL OF THE REPUB- LIC.
Citizen First Consul,
You have by a memorable message just replied in a manner worthy of you and of the great nation which has appointed you its chief to the wishes which the senate expressed to you and to the solicitudes inspired in it by the love of the country. You desire citizen First Consul, to become acquainted with the whole of the opinion of the senate concerning those institutions of ours which we conceive should be improved in order henceforth to secure the triumph of equality and public liberty; and to present to the nation and to the government, the double guarantee of which they are in want.
The senate have assembled together & and carefully compared the results of the meditations of its members, the fruits of their experience, the effects of the zeal with which they are animated for the prosperity of the people, whose rights they are appointed to protect.
Having recalled the past, examined the present and cast its looks towards the future, it now presents to you the wish imposed on it by the safety of the state.
The French have conquered liberty; they will to preserve their conquest; they will to enjoy repose after their victory.
For this glorious repose they will be indebted to the hereditary government of a single individual, who elevated above all, invested with great power, surrounded by splendor, glory and majesty, will defend public liberty, maintain equality and lower his fasces before the sovereign will of the people who proclaim him.
It is this government which the French nation wished to give itself in the happy days of the year 1789, the recollection of which will be forever dear to the friends of the country, whom the noble enthusiasm which the image alone of this government created, was involuntarily shared even by those whose interests were hurt by the revolution, and against which a perfidious foreigner dared to lift up from afar his particide hands; and in which the experience of ages, the reason of statesmen, the genius of philosophy, and the love of humanity inspired the representatives whom the nation had chosen.
It is this government limited by the law, which the greatest genius of Greece, the most celebrated orator of Rome, and the greatest statesman of the 18th century, declared to be the best of all.
It is that alone which can put an end to dangerous rivalries in a country covered with numerous armies and commanded by great captains.
History holds it up as an invincible obstacle to all rash efforts of a bloody anarchy, the violence of an audacious tyranny which believed itself to be abolished by strength, and the perfidious attempts of a despotism still more dangerous, which spreading in darkness its formidable nets, waited with hypocritical patience for the moment to throw off the mask and to lift up the staff of iron.
It declares to a brave & generous nation "You have lost your independence, your liberty and your name, because you would not renounce electing a supreme chief."
It unveils that long sequel of tumults, dissensions and civil discords which have preceded or followed those periods when nations elected a new chief; happy when not condemned to the shame still more insupportable then death, of receiving a foreign power, conqueror or corruptor, a contemptible chief, cowardly, enslaved or basely perfidious.
It bids us to regard the city of the Caesars, the capital of the world, a prey to all the disorders, crimes and furies, which the gold, the sword, and the poison of the competitors for the empire could create, until an hereditary power replaced a monstrous assemblage of contested elections, ludicrous factions, uncertain decisions, unacknowledged adoptions, and despised acclamations.
After the fifteen years which have elapsed since the year 1789, after all the catastrophes which have succeeded each
other, after the numberless dangers which have surrounded the social body, and when we saw the abyss opened, into which they seemed resolved to cast it, before the favour of France was restored to us, what other government than that of a single individual regulated by the law for the happiness of all, & confided to a family whose destiny is inseparable from that of the revolution, could protect the fortune of so great a number of citizens become holders of landed property, which a counter-revolution would snatch from them, guarantee the heads of Frenchmen who have never ceased to be faithful to the sovereign people, and even defend the existence of those, who, misled in the beginning of our political torments, have claimed and obtained the indulgence of their country?
What other axis than that government, can forever repel those execrable plots, which re-producing themselves under every form, setting every spring at work, one day overturned and the next re-appearing, might at length seize by tiring our fortune; and to which were devoted those blind zealots, who in their guilty delirium, conceive they have means once more to erect for a family whom people have proscribed, a throne composed only of feudal trophies, and instruments of servitude, which the national thunder has reduced to dust?
What other government in short can forever preserve that acquisition so dear to a generous nation, those palms of genius, and those laurels of victory, which the enemies of France would with sacrilegious hands snatch from her august brow?
This hereditary government can only be confided to Napoleon Bonaparte, and his family.
Glory, gratitude, love, reason, the interest of all the states, all proclaim Napoleon hereditary emperor.
But citizen First Consul, the benefit of our social pact ought to endure, if possible, as long as your renown.
We ought to ensure the happiness, and guarantee the rights of generations to come.
The Imperial government ought to be unshaken.
Let not the forgetfulness of precautions called for by wisdom, suffer the storms of an ill organized regency, succeed the tempest of an elective government.
Liberty and equality must be held sacred; the social pact must not be violated; the sovereignty of the people must be acknowledged, in order that at the most distant times the nation may not be forced again to seize its power & avenge its outraged majesty.
The senate is of opinion, citizen First Consul, that it is for the dearest interests of the French people, to confide the government of the republic to Napoleon Bonaparte, hereditary emperor.
It develops in the memorial which it annexes to its message, the dispositions which appear to it the proper to give to our institutions the necessary force to guarantee to the nation its dearest rights by securing the independence of great authorities, the free and enlightened vote of all, the security of prosperity, the liberty of individuals, of the press and of elections: the responsibility of ministers and the inviolability of the constitutional laws.
These tutelary dispositions, citizen First Consul, will completely shelter the French people from the plots of their enemies, and from those agitations which take their rise from ambitious rivals. They will maintain the reign of the law, of liberty, and equality.
The love of the French for your person, transmitted to your successors, will with the immortal glory of your name, will forever connect the rights of the nation with the power of the prince.
The social pact will brave time. The republic as immovable as its vast territory, will behold political tempests gather round it in vain.
To shake it, the whole world must be shaken, and posterity in calling to recollection the prodigies brought about by your genius, will continually behold erect that immense monument for which the country will be indebted to you.
(Signed) FRANCOIS (de Neufchateau) Vice-President. MOBARD DE GALLES, JOSEPH GORTUDET, Secretaries. The Chancellor of the Senate, (Signed) LAPLACE.
LONDON, June 5.
The Prussian minister to the Diet of the Empire and the minister of the elector of Baden, have presented a verbal note upon the subject of the Emperor's recent communication. It cautiously avoids any opinion on the subject; but it states that the courts they represent entertain a well founded hope, that the First Consul will be inclined to give a full and satisfactory explanation of the subject.
Thus the first effect of the emperor of Russia's note has been to render it impossible for Bonaparte to decline making some apology for the outrage of which all are equally sensible. There is a timidity, indeed, in the conduct even of the principal German Powers, in waiting for an explanation while they would have been perfectly justified in demanding reparation. If Bonaparte delays his explanation, it will remain for the Germanic body to remonstrate. What has already passed is so far important as it recognizes the right to satisfaction; so that the matter will not be allowed to drop.
Whatever may be the sentiments of the Continental powers, we see no probability whatever that even the plan of a confederacy can be matured and adjusted, so as to admit of any important measures this year. Some people are so sanguine that they see none of these difficulties.
It is said that a camp of near 80,000 troops will be formed near Pest, in Hungary, for the purpose of exercise. This is not exactly the spot where an army destined to act against the dominions of France would be assembled.
Yesterday arrived the Hamburgh mail of the 22 nd ult. with one from Gottemburgh. The former brings little of importance in addition to that of the 25 th , which had previously come to hand. The Gottemburgh mail confirms the accounts of the indignation excited at the courts of Petersburg and Stockholm, by the murder of the Duke d'Engheim, with intimations of certain strong measures to be adopted in consequence. Count Woronzow, the Russian Ambassador, had received some important dispatches by his conveyance, and a messenger arrived at the same time with a paper from J. B. Warren—Gen. Stritroff, Prussian officer, high in the confidence of his Imperial majesty, is also arrived in town, and is supposed to be the bearer of some communications of the last importance.
The king has been pleased to appoint Augustus Foster, Esq. to be his majesty's Secretary of legation to the United States of America.
Yesterday the king took an airing in the same coach with her majesty, which the first time since his first appearance abroad, and the report in the royal circles was, that his majesty is considerably amended in health within the last two days.
June 6.
Mr. Pitt brought forward yesterday his plan for the defence of the country. He stated, that with respect to the amount of the force necessary for the public exigency at the present crisis, parliament had already decided upon its extent; and the means now to be considered were, those of more effectually completing that force than the measures hitherto adopted had been found adequate to attain. The first step then necessary would be to call on each district to complete its quota, by making up its deficiencies under the head army of reserve act, which would amount in the whole to about eight or nine thousand men as appeared by the returns from the several provincial districts to the secretary at war. The next object he would propose was, to diminish the militia gradually, from its present extent to its original force of 40,000 men in England, and about 8,000 in Scotland. It was not his intention to reduce their number immediately, but instead of making up their number to the extent at present established, of 60,000, of which there was now about 7,000 deficient, he would propose not to supply the vacancies in the Militia regiments, as they occurred, but to add the men in place of these deficiencies, to the regular army, until such time as the militia force should be thus gradually reduced to its original number as before stated: by these means alone, then in the first instance, there would be added to the regular army of the country 9,000 from the army of reserve, and 7,000 from the militia establishment, without any new additional call upon the country, but
has already been approved and deemed necessary for the public exigency; to which each county has already contributed, but of which some were defective in their proportionate quota. But supposing the plan to succeed in completing to its fullest extent, the numbers deficient in the army of reserve and militia, it was not his intention to stop there; for it was not only desirable to complete to the most formidable extent necessary, the means of internal defence for the present exigency, but for laying a foundation for the time to come, of recruiting our regular army to the fullest extent, and filling the rank which this country has been wont to maintain amongst European nations. It was therefore one of his objects, that all the deficiencies which should occur in the militia and army of reserve, on their present establishment, should be brought to account of each successive year, and the whole deficit to be distributed amongst the several counties, and made good according to the original principle of their respective population, as stated in the returns laid on the table; the proportion in no case to exceed one 6th of the population, and by this means about 12,000 would be annually added as a force or supply to the regular army. Such is the outline of Mr. Pitt's plan.
Mr. Windham, Mr. Addington, and Mr. Fox disapproved of the plan; the first characterised it as a plan for recruiting by parochial officers; the second opposed it, because it appeared to him, to be so compulsory in its nature and operation as to be incompatible with the principle of our free constitution. Mr. Fox disapproved of a plan which proposed a limited force for the purpose of raising a fund from whence an unlimited force could afterwards be procured. Mr. Addington, though he did not mean to oppose the introduction of the bill, hoped that it would not be passed this session.
A private letter from Paris, dated May 18, has the following particulars:—
"Bonaparte will on the 14th July, be invested in the Champ de Mars, by the grand constable, with the imperial mantle, and receive from him the imperial sword, both of which will be previously consecrated in the cathedral church of Notre Dame by the cardinal archbishop of Paris. It is said there will be no anointing or coronation."
"Bonaparte, after receiving the mantle, will take the oath attached to his high dignity in presence of the members of the Senate, those of the Tribunate, the Legislative Body, the tribunals, and the other constituted authorities."
"Another letter, dated May 22, says, "besides the known disagreements in our imperial family, between his majesty Napoleon and his brother citizen Lucien Bonaparte, his imperial highness prince Louis Bonaparte, has narrowly escaped an affair of honor with citizen Beauharnais, brother to her imperial highness, the princess Fanny de Beauharnais, consort to prince Louis. This quarrel originated in the discontent of citizen Beauharnais, who, though his mother was saluted an empress, his father decreed an emperor, his sister made a princess, and his brother in law an imperial prince, and a constable of the empire in the same day; he received neither rank nor promotion, but simply an annuity of 100,000 livres (4000 l ) in the month, until he can be better provided for. In the challenge to prince Louis, citizen Beauharnais said, that he was a viscount, when his imperial highness was only a sans culotte ; and that he possessed 60,000 livres in the year, when the whole imperial Bonaparte family together did not possess an acre of land, or a cottage."
"Citizen Flahault son to the gullotined count Flahault, aid-de-camp to his imperial highness prince Louis, carried this letter to his majesty, the emperor Napoleon, who ordered the field marshal, citizen Murat, to put citizen Beauharnais under arrest; who notwithstanding the interference of her imperial majesty, Josephina, his mother, he has been exiled, as some say, to the army on the coast; or, as others pretend, to join the remainder of the disgraced Bonapartes, at Rome."
"We have just received the news by the telegraph that the consuls of the Italian republic had elected the ci-devant first consul, and their ci-devant president at present our emperor, his majesty Napoleon their hereditary king of Lombardy."
RATISBON, May 14.
Today the following note was given in by Knut Bldt, the Swedish envoy extraordinary:—
"His majesty the king of Sweden, having been informed of the contents of the note given into the diet on the 7th inst. by order of his majesty the emperor of all the Russias, conceives it to be incumbent on him to declare, that when there is question of the guarantee of the Germanic constitution, he, as king of Sweden, may consider himself as one of the most ancient of its guarantors, since he is guarantee of the peace of Westphalia. His majesty however, does not consider it necessary to declare his sentiments on the present question, as guarantee of the constitution, since he is convinced that the head of the empire can explain to the diet. The sentiments of the king on the affairs of Germany, are besides too well known, and have been too often declared to need to be repeated on this occasion."
MAY 18.
Count Gortz, the minister for the Electorate of Brandenburg, and the Electorate of Baden, &c. has made here the following verbal declaration:— "The Electoral legation has not failed to transmit to the court of Baden and their other principals, the imperial Russian note; but have not received, nor indeed could they as yet receive any commands on the subject. They conceive however, that they may declare that his majesty the king, and the other courts whom they represent, entertain a well founded hope that the First Consul will of himself be inclined (according to the sentiment of the Austrian and Bohemian minister) to give a full and satisfactory explanation on the subject that has occasioned anxiety, and such as may entirely correspond to the expectation of his Majesty the Emperor of Russia."
STOCKHOLM.
Copy of the order for court mourning.
On Saturday the 10th of May, his majesty's court is to go into mourning for 8 days, for the late duke Louis Henri D'Engheim: fringes are to be worn until the 24th inclusively, and afterwards jewels and blond lace until the 26th inclusively, when the court is to go out of mourning.
THE FRENCH ARMIES.
The first military division of the French army is commanded by general Murat, the governor of Paris, where the head quarters are. It consists of fifteen battalions of infantry, two of artillery, and thirty squadrons of dragoons, chasseurs, and hussars, making in the whole 45,000 men. The park of artillery at and near Paris, contains eighty-two pieces of artillery of different calibres, ready to be transported at a moment's notice, either towards the coast or towards the Rhine.
At Amiens and in its neighborhood are encamped forty squadrons of dragoons, making the first division of dragoons, attached to the army of England, under the command of Klein, general of division.
At and near Compiegne are encamped forty-four squadrons of dragoons, comprising the second division of dragoons, under the command of Barraguy D'Hilliers, general of division, attached to the army of England.
At and near Montreuil is encamped one division of the army of England, under the command of Gen. Ney, consisting of 14 regiments of infantry, two cavalry, two chasseurs, and four battalions of artillery and sappers. The park of artillery contains thirty-six pieces of light twelve pounders, and twelve twenty-four pounders.
The camp at St. Omer, under the command of gen. Soult, consists of twenty regiments of infantry, six of cavalry, two of dragoons, two of light artillery, and two battalions of foot artillery, making in the whole 30,000 men, with a park of sixty six pieces of cannon.
To this camp are besides attached under the command of the general of division, Bourcier, twenty-four squadrons of chasseurs on horseback, and of hussars, called a division of the army of reserve. They are encamped 3 leagues from St. Omer, on the side of Cassel.
At and near Arras are encamped, under the command of Gen. Junot, twelve battalions of picked grenadiers, as a corps de reserve.
The camp of Bruges under the command of gen. Davoust, contains fifteen

regiments of infantry, three of cavalry, five of dragoons, two of hussars, and two regiments of artillery, with a park of fifty pieces of heavy artillery.
The camp near Orléans, the first division under the command of the gen. of division Oudinot, head quarters Schléker, is composed of five regiments of infantry, one battalion of foot artillery and one regiment of flying artillery. The second division of the camp near Orléans is under the command of Gen. Friant, and contains five regiments of infantry, one battalion of foot artillery, and one regiment of flying artillery. The camp near Dunkirk contains, under the command of gen. Daurat, twelve battalions comprising the third division of reserve attached to the camp of St. Omer. The garrison of Dunkirk consists of six thousand men, infantry, two thousand cavalry and dragoons, and three hundred artillerymen. The commander is La Bretonnière.
At Calais are quartered five thousand men of different arms; at Boulogne twelve hundred; and on the coast, from Calais to Boulogne, are encamped ten thousand men. All these troops are under the command of gen. Soult. These troops do not include the crews belonging to the national militia, of which admiral Bruix is commander in chief. Admiral Verhul commands the centre, Charles Evêque the right, and Bompard the left.
The troops encamped in the isle of Walcheren under the command of gen. Monnet, consist of ten regiments of infantry, one of dragoons, three battalions of heavy artillery, and one regiment of flying artillery.
The camps at and near Utrecht contain ten regiments of infantry, French troops, and three regiments of infantry, Dutch troops; one French regiment cuirassiers, six squadrons of French dragoons or hussars, one regiment of Dutch cavalry, and four battalions of French artillerymen, with a park of forty pieces of cannon, heavy artillery, besides twenty-five pieces of light artillery.
The camp near Brest contains twelve regiments of infantry, three of cavalry, nine squadrons of dragoons or hussars, three battalions of artillery, with a park of sixty pieces of cannon. Augereau is the commander in chief. Three hundred British subjects constitute his corps des guides . The fleet at Brest continues under the command of admiral Truguet, and Cassarelli is the maritime prefect of that town. The fleet at Toulon continues under the command of admiral Villeneuve. At Rochefort, admiral Martin is the command.
The troops encamped in and near La Vendée are commanded by generals Grouchy and Le Grange, and consist of eight regiments of infantry, mostly veterans, and five squadrons of light troops, besides five hundred gens d'armes  delite . The head quarters are at Saïntes.
The troops are everywhere regularly paid, and in high spirits, though they do not speak with the same boasting confidence of the conquest of England, as last year. Even wishes of peace are heard in their camps.
Letters from Italy say, that a number of ammunition waggons have passed through Rome for the army in Naples and that thirty pieces of cannon are expected from Milan, destined for the army. Numbers of persons are daily leaving Naples for Sicily, and some improvements have taken place. It is even said, that the private secretary of the queen has been arrested, and that her majesty intends to embark for Trieste, to pass the summer with her daughter the Empress of Germany.
It is reported, that Gen. Jourdan will be recalled from Italy, should it be necessary to form an army upon the Rhine. Others give the command of this army to gen. Bernadotte. The command in Italy, some desire for Massena; whilst others say that general Mortier, the late commander in chief in Hanover, has already been appointed to that command.
[ La Clef des Cabinets. ]
The pope has permitted the king of Naples to give the direction of six colleges for the education of children of noblemen to the care of Jesuits. The Sicilian Jesuit, father Angelini, is recalled from Russia, to be the director of this interesting undertaking. It is said that our emperor has ordered citizen Peralta to prepare a plan for erecting one college in each senatorial, where the children of the members of the legion of honor are to be educated, and where the instructors are to be of the Jesuit order, which will again be revived in France. Peralta's destined for clerical orders are even to be instructed by them.
[ Journal des Défenseurs. ]
THE SECRET FRENCH POLICE.
The present secret French police is founded upon the same plan as the secret German tribunals, during the twelfth, thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, with the only exception, that it
secretly inspects or removes obnoxious or suspected persons; whilst the tribunals secretly condemned, and secretly executed every person incurring their displeasure. In the present French system all forms are laid aside; in the other the forms were more terrible than death itself. Under the present system, persons disappear from society, to be shut up in dungeons, to be transported, or to be shot, without often knowing the cause, equally unknown by the jailor and by their executioners. It is and remains, the secret of government.
Formerly the accused were summoned, tried, acquitted, or condemned; had time to prepare themselves for defence, or by flight to escape, if possible, their persecutors. Under the present system, all flight is impossible, escape avails nothing, because the agents of our police are every where in England, as in Russia, in America as in Africa, in Turkey as in the East Indies; they all possess the description (signalement) of the person persecuted; they are informed of his habits, place of resort, and have fac similes of his hand writing. Unknown to each other, these agents act in unison by their reports as by their actions. The duke of Enghien, Moreau, Pichegru, Georges, and others were watched by hundreds of agents for years, of whom not two knew each other. Louis XVIII, at Warsaw, and the Bourbons at London are yet surrounded by numerous agents unknown and invisible to them, as to each other. The transactions of the cabinets of St. Peterburgh, of Vienna, and of Berlin, are as well known to our government, as those of Madrid, Florence, Naples, St. Cloud, the Hague, or of Berne. These agents sit in the Divan at Constantinople, as in the congress of the Americans; and though their sentiments are often opposite, their services meet in the same central point. Not a sovereign, not a minister, not a statesman, not a counsellor, not a warrior, not a banker, not a merchant, not an author of any reputation, who is not watched by the invisible agents of our secret police, who employ the talent of preachers, as well as those of actors, to serve them; they take the advantage of the popularity of an orator in the senate, as well as the fashionable imbecility of a ballad singer in the street; they influence the decisions of privy councils in a palace; as well as the result of faction at a public tavern. Their activity is seen in the budget of finances for a state, as well as a subscription for picnic or charitable institutions. They indirectly decide the marriage of princes, as well as the divorces of subjects. The political, as well as the amorous intriguer, wear often their livery. The law promulgated, the air sung, the bargain concluded, the treaty signed, the war declared, the peace proclaimed, are more often their doings. They employ at the same time, and for the same purpose, the devotion of the Christian, and the infidelity of the Deist; the bigotry of the superstitious, and the blasphemy of the Atheist; the intolerance of the fanatic, and the indifference of the philosopher. They penetrate and plot equally in the pagods of the Hindoos, in the temples of the Chinese, in the mosques at Constantinople, in the church of St. Peter at Rome, and in the grand synagogue at Amsterdam. The Royal Exchange in London, and the fish market at Paris; the diamond mines at Brazil, and the marble quarries in Iaconia; the galleons at Cadiz, and the flower-hall at Naples, are equally visited and inspected by them. It is more difficult to say where they are not than where they are; what transactions escape their notice than those they influence.
Some of the agents of our secret police are paid, others are volunteers; but they all combat under the same banners; they all fight for the same cause, and they are all registered at the same office, in the same register. Though the volunteers are more numerous than the regulars, the expence of our government for this institution amounts yearly to eighty millions of livres; a large sum, if it was not remembered, at the same time, that tributary kings and nations pay us yearly more than three times that sum; and that we owe mostly to the agents of our secret police the power we have to command such an enormous external tribute.
Foreigners, as well as Frenchmen, have done Fouche the honour of considering him the parent of our secret police; but they are all mistaken. Its plan was proposed to our cabinet under the monarchy, but laid aside as impracticable. Talleyrand was the person who corrected and improved this plan; and our secret police may therefore, justly be called his natural child. Though our grand judge is a minister of police, Talleyrand presides in the office of the secret police, directs all its operations, rewards, promotes, disgraces, or punishes, its agents. In this place he is the first consul. Regnier, Réal, Fouché, and Hanterive, are his counsellors and Defmarais is his secretary. Each of these counsellors has his department in Europe as well as in Africa, in Asia as well as in America; he knows nothing more than what concerns his own department; the whole (la tout ensemble)
is known to Talleyrand alone; even the female agents of his secret police are under his sole & immediate controul; and the report of Madame Stael, and of Gen. Sismondi, directing their operations, is without foundation. Passions, more than money, are his means; he always employs and addresses the former; the latter is only used as an auxiliary to silence reason, or conscience, if they should murmur. ( Les Nouvelles à la Main Germinal. An. No. III. ) London.
PARIS. THE TRIBUNATE.
The speech which Carnot made against the motion for bestowing the Imperial power upon Bonaparte was given shortly in our paper some days since: its importance induces us to give it a verbatim.
Carnot—"Citizens tribunes, among the speakers who have preceded me, and have supported the motion of order of our colleague Curee, several have anticipated the objections to be made to it, and have answered them with as much talent as temper. They have given an example of moderation which I shall endeavour to imitate, in offering other observations which seemed to have escaped them. Because I oppose their advice, I request they may not attribute to me personal motives unworthy the character of a man entirely devoted to his country. To prevent such an imputation, I desire them to examine scrupulously my political conduct since the commencement of the revolution, and the history of my private life.
I am far from wishing to weaken the praises given to the chief consul. Did we owe no more to Bonaparte than the civil code, his name would deserve to be handed down to posterity. But, in acknowledging the services a citizen has rendered his country, reason sets bounds to the national gratitude. If this citizen has restored the liberty of the public, if he has achieved the safety of his country, would it be a reward to offer him the sacrifice of that very liberty?
From the moment it was proposed to the French people to vote on the question of making the Consulate for life, no one could have easily supposed that they were only projected to procure for it the highest protection that could be wished; no one could suppose that there remained an after thought, or foresee an ulterior object.
In fact we see rapidly succeed each other a crowd of institutions evidently monarchical; at each of them we are desired to assure uneasy minds of the safety of liberty, and to protest that these institutions are only for the preservation of liberty.
Now at last we discover in a positive manner the end of all preliminary measures.
We are called upon to pronounce on the formal proposition of re-establishing the monarchical system, and of conferring the imperial hereditary dignity on the first consul.
I voted formerly against the consulate for life; I will vote still against the re-establishment of monarchy, as I think I am obliged to do so by my character of tribune;—but I still shall do so with the caution necessary to avoid reviving party spirit; I will do so without personality, without any other passion than a feeling for the public good, remaining still with the conscious pride of having made my utmost exertions in defence of the popular cause.
I again declare my readiness to submit to the existing laws, even when they displease me the most. Many a time have I been the victim of my devotion to them, and shall I now begin to follow a contrary course? I declare then in the first place, that in opposing the proposition, the moment that a new order of things shall be established, and shall have received the assent of the mass of the citizens, I will be the first to conform to it in all my actions, to give to the supreme authority all the marks of respect required by the constitutional hierarchy. May all the members of the great society, declare themselves as sincerely and as disinterestedly as I have done.
I will throw nothing into the discussion of the preference which should generally be given to such or such a system of government over such or such another. There exists on this subject volumes without number; I will limit my enquiry to a very few words, in terms the most plain and simple, in the particular cause in which circumstances has placed us.
All the arguments till this day on the re-establishment of monarchy in France, reduce themselves to this; that without it there cannot exist the means of securing the stability of the government and public tranquility; of avoiding intestine discord, of uniting against our foreign enemies; that the republican system had been vainly tried in all ways possible, that there resulted from all efforts, only anarchy, a prolonged revolution, without end renewing itself, the perpetual fear of new disorders, and in consequence an universal and deep desire of
seeing re-established the ancient hereditary government, and changing only the dynasty. It is to this I wish to answer.
I shall first observe that the government of one person is no settled pledge of stability and tranquility, the duration of the Roman empire was not longer than that of the republic. Intestine troubles were still greater, crimes were multiplied, republican pride, heroism, and all the manly virtues, were replaced by the most ridiculous pride, the vilest adulation, the most unbounded cupidity, and the most absolute indifference to the national prosperity. What remedy would the hereditary nature of the throne apply? Was it not considered as the legitimate inheritance of the house of Augustus? Was not a Domitian the son of Vespasian, a Caligula of Germanicus, and a Commodus the son of Marcus Aurelius?
"In France, it is true the last dynasty lasted for 800 years, but were the people less vexed? What intestine dissensions? What foreign wars undertaken for pretences and rights of succession, which the alliances of that dynasty with foreign powers gave rise to? From the moment a whole nation espouses the interest of one family, it is obliged to interfere in a multitude of events, which, but for that, would be of the utmost indifference to it.
"We could not in truth, establish among us the republican regime, though we tried it under different forms, more or less democratic: but I must observe, that of all the constitutions which have successively been made without success, there is not one which was not born in the bosom of faction, and which was not the work of circumstances as imperious as they were fugitive. Hence they were all vicious—but since the 18th Brumaire, there has been an epoch, unique in the annals of the world, to meditate free from storms, to found liberty upon a solid basis, acknowledged by experience and by reason. After the peace of Amiens, Bonaparte might have chosen between the republican system and the monarchical: he could have done all he wished, he would not have met with the slightest opposition.
"The depot of liberty was confided to him; had he filled the expectation of the nation, which had deemed him alone capable of resolving the grand problem of public liberty in great states, he would have covered himself with unexampled glory.
"It is too true that before the 18th Brumaire, the state was rapidly fallen, and that absolute power drew it from the brink of the precipice; but what are we to conclude from that? What every body knows; that political bodies are subject to maladies; that can only be cured by violent remedies; that a temporary dictator is sometimes necessary to save liberty. The Romans who were so jealous of their freedom, had nevertheless acknowledged the necessity of that supreme power at intervals; but because a violent remedy has saved a sick person, are we to administer to him a violent remedy every day? The Fabii the Cincinnati , the Camillus , saved the Roman liberty by absolute power—but it was because they laid down that power as soon as they could; they would have put a period to the existence of liberty by the very act of keeping that power; Cæsar was the first who wished to keep it—he fell a victim; but liberty was annihilated forever. Thus all that has been said hitherto upon absolute power, prove only the necessity of a temporary dictator in a crisis of the state, but not the necessity of a permanent and immovable power.
"It is from the nature of their government that republics want stability; it is because being hastily begotten in the bosom of tempests, they are always stormy in their nature. One alone was the work of philosophy, organised in tranquility, and that republic exists full of wisdom and vigor. It is the confederation in American which presents us this phenomenon; and every day their prosperity receives accessions of strength which astonish other nations; thus was it reserved for the new world to teach the ancients that men may submit peaceably under the regime of liberty and equality. Yet, I dare to lay it down as a principle, that when we can establish an order of things, without having to fear the influence of factions, as the first consul could have done chiefly after the peace of Amiens, as he can do now, it is less difficult to form a republic without anarchy, than a monarchy without despotism; for how can we conceive limitation which is not illusive, in a government whose chief has all the executive power in his hands and all the patronage?
Men have spoken of institutions proper to produce this effect: but before they propose the establishment of the monarch, ought they not to have previously evinced and shown, to those who were to vote upon the question, that similar institutions were in the order of possible things; that they are not those metaphysical abstractions with which the contrary system is reproached; hitherto nothing has been invented to temper the supreme power, but what are called intermediate or privileged corps. But is not the remedy worse than the
evil;—for absolute power only takes away liberty; whereas the institutions of privileged corps take away at once liberty and equality, and though as in the old times great dignities should only be personal, we know full well that they would always finish, as the great fiefs of former times, by becoming hereditary.
"Undoubtedly there would be no hesitation in the choice of an hereditary chief were it necessary to have one. It would be absurd to draw a parallel between the first consul and the pretenders of a family fallen into just contempt, and whose vindictive and sanguinary dispositions are but too well known. The recall of the house of Bourbon would renew the frightful scenes of revolution, and proscription would infallibly extend to the property and the person of almost all the citizens; but does the exclusion of that dynasty infer the necessity of a new one?
"Do we hope by raising that new dynasty to hasten the happy event of a general peace? Would it not rather be a fresh obstacle; have we begun by ascertaining whether the other great powers of Europe would adhere to that new title? And if they do not adhere to it, shall we take up arms and compel them? And after having made the title of consul inferior to that of emperor, shall we content ourselves with being consul for foreign powers, and emperor only for the French? Was liberty then shewn to man, only that he might never enjoy it? Is it incessantly to be offered to his wishes as a fruit which cannot be touched without death? Has nature who made that liberty to pressing a desire to us, wished to treat us as a step-mother? No, I cannot consent to consider this good so universally preferred to all others, without which all others are nothing, as a simple illusion. My heart tells me that liberty is possible; that her government is easy and more stable than any arbitrary government, any oligarchy.
"Yet I repeat; always ready to sacrifice my dearest affections to the interests of our common country, I shall content myself with having poured forth once again the accents of a free mind; and my respect for the law will be the deeper, because it is the fruit of long miseries, and of the reasons which imperiously commands us to unite as a mass against the implacable foe of all of us—that enemy ever ready to foment discord, and to whom all means are lawful provided they end to their object of universal oppression and dominion over the whole extent of the ocean—I vote against the motion.
The most detailed reply to Carnot was that of Carron Nizas, which we shall give to-morrow.
FRANCE.
In the London "Sun" of the twenty-sixth of May, is the following extract of a private letter from Paris.
"Do not imagine that the addresses of the prefects express the opinion of the departments of the people, more than the addresses of the generals, the sentiments of the officers and soldiers, concerning the hereditary imperial dignity in the Bonaparte family. No, the former, as well as the latter, have either been extorted or bought from individuals, whose ambition or cupidity will write anything, or subscribe anything, and who have formerly addressed Robespierre as they now do Bonaparte; and as they will do hereafter Louis XVIII, should he be restored to power. The mass of the French nation is tired of the war, and disgusted with the Revolution; but at the same time, as totally indifferent about Bonaparte, as about Moreau, or any other great man who has figured in the Revolution.
"Though they want spirit or patriotism to assert their rights, and to publish their opinions, they have sense enough to see, information enough to judge, and experience enough to know, that the return of order and tranquility depends entirely upon the return of the Bourbons; and that neither Senatus Consulta, decrees of the Tribunate, or commanded Addresses, can ensure the rank of the Bonapartes any longer than Napoleon's life; and that those very persons, who have now been the first to proclaim the Hereditary Sovereignty in his family, will then come forward as the first pretenders to his dignity, to the exclusion of his relatives, persons foreigners in France, and who have performed nothing to be tolerated and less to be elevated for.
"Here exists a faction, which Bonaparte calls a faction of Generals, of which Massena and Macdonald are regarded as chiefs, but to which neither Jourdan, St. Cyr, Berthier, nor even Murat, are strangers. The latter, tho' related to the Bonapartes, detests, as cordially, Joseph, Lucien, and Louis Bonaparte, as Massena himself, but policy causes him to keep upon good terms with Napoleon, who in his turn, sees him without confidence, and employs him from necessity only, not knowing really to whom otherwise to trust the important place of Governor of Paris. This faction of Generals is regarded by

the Senators, as very dangerous, and they have therefore advised the First Consul to exclude for the future, as much as possible, Generals from being Members of the Senate. The Tribunes on the contrary, jealous of the power and pay of the Senators, court the disaffected, and with the legislative corps desire in their body as many Generals as possible; and it is believed, that these two Constitutional Corps will, at any future vacancy of the chief Magistrate of the Republic, join the faction of the Generals to exclude all Bonapartes from their future pretensions.
Even among his brothers Napoleon Bonaparte looks upon Joseph as his only friend, as Lucien is his avowed opposer, and Louis is led entirely by him. As to Jerome, he is in complete disgrace with all his sisters and brothers, for having married a woman who has English blood in her veins. Gen. Duroc is yet the first consul's friend, though he envies Murat his place of governor, and Talleyrand his place of minister; a place to which he had promised to succeed, should Talleyrand resign or die.
Several thousand works and pamphlets have been printed, and, with large sums, distributed in the armies among the officers and soldiers, and great presents are preparing for the day of coronation.
WASHINGTON CITY.
WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 8.
NEW-YORK, August 3.
We are informed, from an official source, that the Jury of inquest, summoned by the Coroner to examine into the circumstances of the untimely death of the illustrious HAMILTON, have agreed to the following verdict:
That Aaron Burr Esq. Vice President of the United States, was guilty of the MURDER of ALEXANDER HAMILTON—and that William P. Van Ness, Esq. Attorney at law, and Nathaniel Pendleton, Esq. Counsellor at law, were accessories.
Extract of a letter from a gentleman in Philadelphia, to his friend in this city, dated Aug. 3,
"Mr. Burr was attacked the day before yesterday, with a hydrocephalus * and is now lying extremely ill in the neighbourhood of this city."
"A dropsey in the head."
Extract of a letter from a gentleman of Old Park, near Belfast, dated March 25, 1804, to his friend in Newburg, received by the William and Jane arrived at New-York.
"There are now in Ireland 80 000 yeomen, 50,000 regulars, and 23 000 militia, making in the whole 153,000 troops who for the most part, do not care how soon they change masters. for no tyrant can make them worse off.—They dare not speak—they must not work, and it is most probable that they must soon cease to eat, as provisions are getting very dear."
From the great importation of dollars into England from the North, and from Lisbon, as well from the United States, we are told they have fallen to four shillings and eight pence sterling each, or to about three and a half per cent of their real value. Coffee and sugar supported high prices.
The English government have lately laid a new duty of 12 1/2 per cent. on the duties of all goods imported into England, cotton, wine and teas excepted. Having exempted the two last named articles from the additional duties it may be supposed with a view to favor the rich, and cotton, to benefit their manufactures. A very heavy dock duty has also been imposed in Liverpool, on all ships entering that port and as usual, no doubt American vessels are to pay double.—Phil. pap.
Abbe Sicard, the humane instructor of the deaf and dumb, at Paris, has lately been presented with two beautiful diamond rings of great value by the emperor of Russia.
Consumption of Sugar in England.
By return made to the House of Commons, it appears that the quantity of raw sugar, imported in the year 1803, was 3,164,230 cwt. of which, 1,689,269 cwt. was exported in a raw and refined state, making the consumption amount to 1,583,960 cwt. the whole paying a duty of 3,133,282l. 3s. 4d. or about 16,000,000 dollars.
The King of Denmark has made an addition to the sum destined for the purchase of new works for the great royal library, of 1500 dollars, so that the sum now annually devoted to this purpose is 4500 dollars.
The new Emperor of the Gauls, it is said, is to reside in the ancient Royal Residence at Versailles, for the fitting up of which 40,000,000 livres have been issued from the French Treasury. Three hundred chimney pieces and stoves, of the most modern and elegant structure, are stated to have been ordered for this purpose at Paris. The admirable machine of Marly which supplies Versailles with water, has also been ordered to be repaired.
The superb collection of pictures belonging to Lucien Bonaparte, is conveying to Italy from Paris. He has purchased the palace Justiana, at Rome, with its fine cabinet for 200,000 scudi.
MEDALS OFFERED.
At the 4th meeting of the American Company of Booksellers, held at New-York, June 18th, 1804—the following resolution was adopted:
Resolved, That the premiums to be offered for the present year shall be a gold medal of the value 50 dollars, for the best specimen of printing, not less than 300 pages, executed on American paper, and with American ink, and the addition of which such specimen is a part, to consist of not less than 500 copies all executed in the like style. A gold medal of 20 dollars for the second best specimen of the like printing, of not less than 150 pages and the edition to consist of not less than 300 copies, all executed in the like style. A gold medal of the like value for the best sample of American printing paper, the quantity to be not less than 50 reams, of which the sample is a part. A gold medal of the value of 25 dollars for the best specimen of American binding executed with American leather, to be exhibited on a book of American printing, of not less than 300 pages. And a gold medal of the like value for the best sample of American printing ink, to be exhibited in a printed volume of not less than 300 pages, and the quantity of which such sample is a part to consist of not less than 500 wt.
MATTHEW GAREY, President.
FOR THE NATIONAL INTELLIGENCER.
The following is a rough calculation of the increase of capital in the United States for the year 1804.
  Increase of population 500,000, for whom 50,000 houses will be required at 50 dollars each. 2,500,000   Five acres of land for each family cleared, estimated for fencing, &c. 1,250,000   The value of adjoining land raised, say 95 acres to each family half a dollar, 4,750,000   Increase of cattle, flock, &c. at 30 dollars to each family, 1,500,000   11,000,000   The new houses, wharves, mills, ships, warehouses and stock of the cleared lands, six millions of citizens in the United States, if calculated at 30 dollars only for each family will, amount to 36,000,000   The increased capital created by exports of 51 millions in returns of worked iron, copper, &c. may be estimated at 5,000,000   The rise in the value of land and lots improved by the six million of inhabitants estimated at 10,000,000   Total increase per annum, 72,000,000 
[Now that the warm weather is come, and diseases originating from this cause likely to obtain, every observation tending to instruct with regard to the means of preserving health deserves consideration.—The following remarks of count Rumford are therefore worthy of attention.] (New-York Daily Advertiser.)
It is well known that woollen clothes, such as flannels, &c. worn next the skin, greatly promote insensible perspirations. May not this arise principally from the strong attraction which subsists between wool and the watry vapour which is continually issuing from the human body? That it does not depend entirely upon the warmth of that covering is evident; for the same degree of warmth, produced by wearing more clothing of a different kind, does not produce the same effect.
The perspiration of the human body being absorbed by a covering of flannel,
it is immediately distributed through the whole thickness of that substance, and by that means exposed to a very large surface to the atmosphere; and the loss of this watry vapour, which the flannel sustains on the one side by evaporation, being immediately restored from the other in consequence of the strong attraction between the flannel and this vapour, the pores of the skin are disencumbered, and they are continually surrounded by a dry, warm, and salubrious atmosphere.
I am astonished that the custom of wearing flannel next to the skin should not have prevailed more universally. I am confident it would prevent a multitude of diseases; and I know of no greater luxury than the comfortable sensation which arises from wearing it, especially after one is a little accustomed to it.
It is a mistaken notion, that it is too warm a clothing for summer. I have worn it in the hottest climates, and in all seasons of the year, and never found the least inconvenience from it. It is the warm bath of a perspiration confined by a linen shirt wet with sweat, which renders the summer heats of the tropical climates so insupportable; but flannel promotes perspiration, and favors its evaporation; and evaporation, as is well known, produces positive cold.
I first began to wear flannel, not from any knowledge which I had of its properties, but merely upon the recommendation of a very able physician [Sir Richard Jebb:] and when I began the experiments, of which I have given an account, I little thought of discovering the physical cause of the good effects which I had experienced from it; nor had I the most distant idea of mentioning the circumstance. I shall be happy, however, if what I have said or done upon the subject should induce others to make a trial of what I have so long experienced, with the greatest advantage, and which I am confident they will find to contribute greatly to health, and consequently to all other comforts and enjoyments of life.
I shall then think these experiments, trifling as they may appear, by far the most fortunate, and the most important ones I have ever made.
VERY INTERESTING TO MERCHANTS.
We have been favoured, by a distinguished merchant of this city, with a perusal of several recent letters from Paris. From one dated the 9th May, we extract the following remarks upon the subject of American claims; a subject which, either for the want of talents in those entrusted with the management of it, or from some worse cause, seems daily to become more intricate and embarrassed.
U. S. Gaz. "As yet nothing is done. The difference between the Commissioners and our minister still continues. They think they are not accountable to him nor to any person, and of course refuse to explain, and until the cases they have rejected are finally decided upon, all is at a stand and will remain so. We therefore, yesterday petitioned the minister to obtain all the information on the rejected cases, and that he would take the proper and necessary measures, with the French government to have them finally settled, that certificates should be issued on all the liquidated claims; and that he would, for such certificates issue bills for an account for such part as could not (in case the 20 millions should not be sufficient to pay all, and a per rata should be adopted) injure any one.
"The delay has augmented the debt full a million of livres; and it is very probable this government will make it a question who shall pay it. However right the commissioners may be, they and Mr. Skipwith refusing to consult or communicate with our minister since his appointing them is certainly unjustifiable. A friendly communication would have kept all right and in good humour; I think I may add, would have procured payments long since. A great many persons whose claims are rejected, complain bitterly of the commissioners refusing to communicate with them for the purpose of explaining the business, or to give them any reasons why their claims are rejected. The apartment where they examine the papers and deliberate, is declared to be private, and no person is admitted; and that even in the antechamber, they never see more than one of the gentlemen; and that one declines to explain. This conduct occasions general discontent.—The commissioners in England admit every one, and explain freely. It appears to me that the only questions for the commissioners to decide are: Is A. B. a citizen of the United States? Was the debt contracted before September 1800? Is it of a nature to be excluded by any preceding article? All the papers are at their command.—The reporters give them attested copies and translations so that there can be no difficulty in determining; and notwithstanding this, the conjectural note is not yet gone through; and until it is settled no other accounts will be examined. Besides the embargo business which I hear will soon be fi-
nished, several accounts lie over for want of proof; now to delay others on that account appears to be absurd. Twelve months may pass and that proof may not arrive, and twelve months only are allowed for settling all the claims. Another matter you will think very strange; many claims are admitted by our commissioners which are afterwards rejected by the French board; the documents being taken from the French bureau before they had been examined there. From what I am able to judge of this business, it will not be finally settled twelve months hence; and God knows whether any bills will be issued before, unless indeed the president has given full instructions to Mr. Livingston: for I am satisfied that the minister will not act unless he is fully instructed. He leaves Paris the 12th and goes by way of D'Eppe to London; so that you may calculate on two months in which nothing can be done.
The manner in which this business is conducted gives no favourable idea of our character either to the government or individuals; and will force many to accept thirty per cent on their claims, to obtain money for their present support.
(By Authority.)
AN ACT
To establish Fire Wards and Fire Companies.
Sec. 1. BE it enacted by the First and Second chambers of the City Council of Washington, That for the purposes of this act the city be divided into wards as follows: all that part which lies west of sixteenth street west, shall constitute the first ward. The second shall be bounded on the west by sixteenth street west, on the south by South G street until it interfect west third street, and by said street from such intersection to the northern extremity thereof. The third ward shall consist of all that part of the city which lies southward of South G. street. The fourth ward shall consist of all the remaining part of the city.
Sec. 2. And be it enacted, That it shall be the duty of the Mayor to appoint previously to the first day of August next, one citizen residing in each ward aforesaid, who shall as soon as may be thereafter call a meeting of the citizens residing therein. The citizens thus convened shall organise themselves into fire companies which shall pass such rules for their government as they may see fit. Each company shall annually elect one of its members who, with the four citizens appointed by the Mayor as aforesaid, shall be denominated Fire Directors and shall constitute a board of general superintendence. They shall make the necessary rules for their own government, and shall meet at least once in every three months, in the first instance at such time and place as the Mayor may prescribe, and afterwards, on their own adjournments, shall provide for the safe keeping of the Fire property of the corporation, shall disburse all monies entrusted to them which shall be deposited in the hands of the city Treasurer and paid by orders drawn by them on him, and shall recommend from time to time to the ward companies such rules and measures as they shall think proper. The foregoing appointment of five directors by the Mayor shall be for one year at the expiration of which and of every ensuing year a new appointment shall be made.
Sec. 3. And be it enacted, That it shall be the duty of the directors to make a general report of their proceedings to the Council during the months of June in every year.
SAMUEL H. SMITH, President of the first chamber of the city council of Washington. NICHOLAS KING, President of the second chamber of the city council of Washington.
Approved, July 24th, 1804. ROBERT BRENT, Mayor. Test THOMAS HERTY, REG.
APPOINTMENTS
By the Mayor of four directors pursuant to the foregoing act.
THOMAS H. GILLIS, First ward. JAMES HOBAN, 2nd ward. NICHOLAS VOSS, 3rd ward. GRIFFITH COOMBES, 4th ward.
AN ACT
Making an appropriation for the erection and repair of pumps in the streets.
BE it enacted by the First and Second Chambers of the City Council of Washington, That the sum of four hundred dollars be, and the same is hereby appropriated for the purpose of sinking wells and erecting and repairing pumps in the streets under the direction of the Mayor.
Sec. 2. And be it enacted, That the Mayor be empowered to establish such regulations respecting the sinking of wells and erection of pumps, and require previous thereto such individual contributions as he may see fit provided
that the amount of such contributions shall not be less than one half of the whole sum required.
Sec. 3. And be it enacted, That the further sum of seventy-two dollars four cents be appropriated for the satisfaction of expenses already incurred in the repair of pumps and wells.
SAMUEL H. SMITH, President of the first chamber of the city council of Washington. NICHOLAS KING, President of the second chamber of the city council of Washington.
Approved, July 24th, 1804. ROBERT BRENT, Mayor. Test THOMAS HERTY, REG.
District of Columbia, Circuit court for the County of Washington, August 7, 1804.
ON the report of Charles A. Brevet of the sale made by him as trustee, of the property decreed to be sold in the suit of Nimian Magruder against Ann Seyle and others, defendants in chancery.
It is ordered that the sale be ratified and confirmed unless cause to the contrary be shown on or before the twenty fifth day of August inst. Provided a copy of this order be inserted at least three times prior to that day in each of the papers in which the sale was advertised. The report states that the said property was purchased by Daniel Reintzel at the sum of twenty four hundred and fifty dollars.
URIAN FORREST CLK.
THOMAS M'BUEN, THOMAS HALE & WILLIAM DAVIDSON, who heretofore, have translated business under the firm of Thomas M'Euen & Co. will in future use that of M'Euen, Hale & Davidson. PHILADELPHIA, Feb. 1—tw&v&et
(BY AUTHORITY.)
Scheme of a Lottery.
To build an Academy in the city of Richmond. Dollars.
  1 Prize—last drawn ticket, having a blank to its number, 20,000   1 do. after 2 000 do, 250   1 do. do. 3 000 do, 250   1 do. do. 4 000 do, 250   1 do. do. 5 000 do, 500   1 do. do. 6 000 do, 500   1 do. do. 8 000 do, 500   1 do. do. 10 000 do, 500   1 do. do. 12 000 do, 500   1 do. do. 13 000 do, 500   1 do. do. 14 000 do, 1,000   5,325 prizes, 150,000   9,675 blanks, not two to a prize,   13,000 tickets at 10 dollars each, 130,000   N. B. Prizes subject to a deduction of 15 per cent. 
This lottery has been authorised by the legislature of Virginia, for the laudable purpose of erecting a seminary of learning in or near the metropolis of this state. With this view, it is contemplated to raise 20,000 dollars, and 2,500 dollars, in addition, for defraying the expenses attendant on drawing the lottery. Citizens of the first respectability have been selected as trustees, and they have pledged themselves to use their utmost exertions to carry it into effect. The scheme has the advantage of giving to each adventurer, a chance for some very large prizes, whilst the proportion of prizes to blanks, is so great, as to invite the friends of the intended institution to partake in the lottery, with very little risk of their becoming losers. The treasurer of the state is to be appointed to receive the money for the tickets as they are sold, and to pay the amount of the prizes to the fortunate adventurers. It is believed that the above considerations will induce a rapid sale of tickets, and the drawing will commence as soon as a sufficient number shall be sold to authorise it—which it is believed will be on the second Monday in December next.
Richmond, March 2—4f Tickets to be had of Robert Pollard Esq. John Brockenbrough, jun. Wm. Price (Reg.) Samuel Pleasants, jun. and William Pritchard.
Ten Dollars Reward.
Ranaway from the subscriber living in Calvert County on the 19th inst. a negro lad named WIL L. about 5 feet 2 of 3 inches high of a yellowish complexion a sensible and artful villain; had on and took with him sundry clothes unknown—I expect he will endeavor to get to Annapolis, Baltimore or George Town, at which latter place he has a father living. Any person apprehending said negro so that I get him again shall receive the above reward if out of the county, but if in the county 10 dollars and all reasonable expenses paid by JAMES HEIGITE.
August 3—6w
COLUMBIAN LIBRARY.
AN Appendix to the Catalogue is this day published and may be had at the Library Room. In the course of the last year, the Directors have been incorporated by an act of Congress, and above 250 vols. have been added to the books, making in the whole upwards of 800 vols. New Shares may be had on application to the Librarian—Books are let out on hire to those who are not shareholders, and are to be taken out and returned on the afternoons of Wednesdays and Saturdays. George Town, June 5—

ARTICLES
OF ASSOCIATION
THE BANK OF POTOMAC.
To all to whom these presents shall come, or in any wise concern.
BE IT KNOWN, And it is hereby proclaimed, that we the subscribers, associating together have formed a company or limited partnership, and do mutually agree with each other and hereby bind ourselves to conduct the business of the company, under the name and style of "The President and Directors of the Bank of Potomac," and conformably to the rules and regulations herein after specified.
ARTICLE 1. The copartnership shall be, and continue for the term of twenty one years, from and after the opening of the subscription, unless a charter is sooner obtained; but the proprietors of two thirds of the capital stock of the Company, may by their concurring votes at a general meeting, be called for that express purpose, dissolve the same at any prior period.
ART. 2. The capital stock of the Company shall consist of Five hundred thousand dollars, money of the United States; to be divided into shares of One hundred dollars each, and to be paid in the manner following that is to say; twenty dollars on each share to be paid at the time of subscribing, thirty dollars in ninety days after the opening of the subscription, twenty five dollars in one hundred and fifty days thereafter, and the remaining twenty five dollars in two hundred and ten days; and a failure to make punctiliously any payment after the first, shall incur a forfeiture of all that shall have been previously paid on such share.
ART. 3. The copartnership shall transact its business in the Town of Alexandria; or in Virginia within one mile therefrom, Provided, a charter should at any time be obtained from the state of Virginia, and shall commence its operations as soon after the payment of the second instalment as circumstances will permit.
ART. 4. The subscription shall be opened in Alexandria, on Wednesday the fifth day of September next, for the whole stock of the company under the direction of
Elisha Janney, Cuthbert Powell, William Fitzhugh, William Hartshorne, Thomas Swann, Thomas Vowell, Charles Lee, Jacob Hoffman, Joseph Riddle, James H. Hooe, William Hodgson, Robert Youngs, Phineas Janney, James Keith, jun. James Patton,
or a majority of them. And the commissioners aforesaid, shall open the subscription books at ten o'clock, A. M. and they shall continue open until four o'clock, P. M. and shall remain open between those hours for one day at least, and for the term of three days unless sooner filled. And if it should happen that more than the stipulated number of shares should be subscribed on the first day, then the Commissioners aforesaid are to apportion them among the subscribers, by deducting from the highest subscriptions, until they are reduced to the proper number, or if more persons subscribe than there are shares, the Commissioners are to cast lots to decide to whom they shall belong.
ART. 5. The affairs of the company shall be conducted by Twelve Directors and President, whose place if chosen from among their number, shall be supplied by that body; and six of the Directors with the President shall form a board or quorum, for transacting all the business of the company; ordinary discounts may be done by the President and five of the Directors. In case of his sickness or necessary absence, his place may be supplied by any Director, whom he, by writing under his hand may nominate for that purpose, or in case of his not making such nomination, the majority of the board may appoint a President to act during his absence; and the Directors who may be appointed at the first election, shall hold their seats until the second Monday in November, one thousand eight hundred and five, and the Directors from and after that period shall be elected
for one year, by the Stockholders for the time being, and each Director shall be a Stockholder at the time of his election, and shall cease to be a Director, if he should cease to be a Stockholder, and no Director of any other Bank shall at the same time be a Director of this Bank. And the number of votes to which each Stockholder shall be entitled, shall be in proportion to the stock he may hold as follows: For one share and not exceeding two shares one vote each, for every two shares, above two and not exceeding ten, one vote; for every four shares above ten and not exceeding thirty, one vote; for every six shares above thirty and not exceeding sixty, one vote; for every eight shares above sixty and not exceeding one hundred, one vote; and for every ten shares above that number, one vote.
Art. 6. A general meeting of the Stockholders of the Company shall be held on the second Monday in November in every year (except the present) at such place as the Board of Directors shall appoint, by giving four weeks notice in one or more of the newspapers of Alexandria, for the purpose of electing Directors for the ensuing year, who shall take their seats at the board the succeeding day, and immediately proceed to elect the President.
Art. 7. The board of directors are hereby fully empowered to make, revise, alter or amend all such rules, orders, bye laws and regulations for the government of the company, and that of their officers, servants and affairs, as they, or a majority of them, shall from time to time think expedient, not inconsistent with law or these articles of association, and to use, employ and dispose of the joint stock, funds or property of the said company (subject only to the restrictions herein after mentioned) as to them or a majority of them, may seem expedient.
Art. 8. All bills, bonds, notes and every contract and engagement on behalf of the company for the payment of money, shall be signed by the president and countersigned or attested by the cashier of the company, and the funds of the company shall in no case be held responsible for any contract or engagement whatever unless the same shall be so signed and countersigned or attested as aforesaid.
Art. 9. The books, papers, correspondence and funds of the company shall at all times be subject to the inspection of the directors.
Art. 10. The said board of directors shall have power to appoint a cashier and all other officers and servants for executing the business of the company, and to establish the compensation to be paid to the president and all other officers and servants of the company respectively, and which together with all other necessary expenses, shall be defrayed out of the funds of the company.
Art. 11. A majority of the directors shall have power to call a general meeting of the Stockholders for the purposes relative to the concerns of the company, giving at least six weeks notice in one or more of the newspapers of the town, specifying in such notice the object or objects of such meeting.
Art. 12. The shares of capital stock at any time owned by any individual Stockholder shall be transferable on the books of the company according to such rules as may conformably to law, be established in that behalf by the board of directors; but all debts actually due and payable to the company (days of grace for payment being paid) by a Stockholder requesting a transfer, must be satisfied before such a transfer shall be made, unless the board of directors shall direct to the contrary.
Art. 13. No transfer of stock, in this company shall be considered as binding upon the company, unless made in a book or books to be kept for that purpose by the company, and it is further expressly agreed and declared that any Stockholder who shall transfer in any manner aforesaid, all stock or shares in this company to any other person or persons whatever, shall thereupon cease to be a member of this company; and that any person or persons whatever who shall accept a transfer of any stock or share in this company, shall thereupon become and be a member of this company, according to these articles of association.
Art. 14. It is hereby expressly and explicitly declared to be the object and intention of the persons who associate under the name or firm of "The President and Directors of the Bank of Potomac" that the joint stock or property of the said company, (exclusive of dividends to be made in the manner herein after mentioned) shall alone be responsible for the debts and engagements of the said company; and that no person who shall or may deal with this company, or to whom there shall or may become in any wise indebted, shall on any pretence whatever have recourse against the separate property of any present or future member of this company, or against their persons, excepting the officers or servants of said company in regard to the faithful discharge of their respective duties in the conduct of the affairs and administration of the funds of said company; but all persons accepting any bond, bill, or note, or other contract of this company, signed by the president and countersigned by the cashier of the company for the time being, or dealing with it in any other manner whatsoever, thereby respectively give credit to the said joint stock or property of the said company, and thereby respectively disavow having recourse on any pretence whatever to the person or separate property of any present or future member of this company, (excepting as before mentioned) and all suits to be brought against this company (if any
shall be) shall be brought against the president for the time being, and in case of his death or removal from office, pending any such suit against him, measures shall be taken at the instance of the company for substituting his successor in office as a defendant, so that persons having demands upon the company may not be prejudiced or delayed by that event; or if the person suing shall go on against the person first named as defendant (notwithstanding his death or removal from office) this company shall take no advantage, by writ of error or otherwise, of such proceeding on that account; and all recovery had, in manner aforesaid, shall be conclusive upon the company so far as to render the company's said joint stock or property liable thereby, and no further; and the company shall immediately pay the amount of such recovery out of their joint stock, but not otherwise. And in case of any suit at law, the president shall sign his appearance upon the writ, or file common bail thereto; it being expressly understood and declared, that all persons dealing with said company, agree to these terms and are bound thereby.
Art. 15. Dividends of the profits of the company or so much of said profits as shall be deemed expedient and proper, shall be declared half yearly in the first week in May and November, in each year; the amount of said dividend shall, from time to time, be determined by the board of directors, at a meeting held for that purpose, and shall in no case exceed the amount of the nett profits actually acquired by the company, so that the capital stock of the said company shall never be impaired by dividends; but the directors shall be at liberty to retain at least one per cent upon the capital as a fund for future contingencies.
Art. 16. If the said directors shall at any time wilfully and knowingly make or declare any dividend which shall impair the said capital stock, all the directors present at the making, or declaring, of said dividend and consenting thereto, shall be liable in their individual capacities to the company for the amount or proportion of said capital stock, so divided by the said directors; and each director who shall be present at the making or declaring such dividend shall be deemed to have consented thereto, unless he shall immediately enter in writing his dissent on the minutes of the proceedings of the board, and give public notice to the stockholders, that such dividend has been declared.
Art. 17. These articles of agreement shall be published in two newspapers in the town of Alexandria for one month, and for the further information of all persons who may transact business with, or in any manner give credit to said company, every bond, bill, note, or other instrument of contract, by the effect or terms of which the company may be charged, or held liable for the payment of money, shall specially declare, in such form as the board of directors shall prescribe, that payment shall be made out of the joint funds, of the bank of Potomac according to the present articles of association, and not otherwise: A copy of the 14th article of this association shall be inserted in the Bank book of every person depositing money, or other valuable property with the company for safe keeping, or a printed copy shall be delivered to every such person, before any such deposit shall be received from him. And it is hereby expressly declared, that no engagement can legally be made in the name of said company, unless it contain a limitation or restriction to the effect above recited; and the company hereby expressly disavow all responsibility for any debt or engagement, which may be made in their name not containing a limitation or restriction to the effect aforesaid.
Art. 18. The company shall in no case be owners of any ships or vessels, or directly or indirectly, be concerned in trade, or the importation or exportation, purchase or sale of any goods, wares, or merchandise whatever, (bills of exchange or Bullion only excepted) and except such ships, vessels, goods, wares or merchandise, as shall be truly pledged to them by way of security for debts due, owing or growing due to the said company, or purchased by them to secure such debts so due to the said company.
Art. 19. If any vacancy shall at any time happen among the Directors by death, resignation, or otherwise, the residue of the Directors for the time being, shall elect a Director to fill the vacancy.
Art. 20. The company shall not purchase or hold any land, tenements, or other real estates other than what may be necessary for the convenient transaction of its business, unless such lands tenements, and real estates, shall have been bona fide, mortgaged to the company, by way of security, or conveyed to it in satisfaction of debts previously contracted in the course of dealings, or purchased to secure debts contracted with or due to the said company & in every instance in which the company may become owners or claimants of lands, tenements, or real estates, the Board of Directors are empowered to sell or dispose of the same, in such manner as they may deem beneficial for the company.
Art. 21. Any number of Stockholders
not less than 40, who together shall be proprietors of five hundred shares, may, for any purpose relative to the institution, at any time, apply to the President and directors to call a general meeting of the Stockholders; and if by them refused, the said number of Stockholders; proprietors of not less than the number of shares aforesaid, shall have power to call a general meeting of the Stockholders, giving at least 60 days notice in one or more of the public newspapers of the town of Alexandria, specifying in such notice the object or objects of such call.
Art. 22. Immediately on the dissolution of this association, prompt and effectual measures shall be taken by the Directors then existing for closing all the concerns in the company, and for dividing the capital and profits which may remain among the stockholders, in proportion to their respective interests.
In witness whereof— Notice—THE Commissioners above named will open the subscription Books at the Court House in the town of Alexandria, on the 6th of September next agreeably to the aforesaid articles of association.
The payments will be received either in specie or the notes of the Bank of the United States and its various branches or in the notes of any of the Banks, from New York to Norfolk, inclusive. August 3—3t.
TO BE SOLD
On Tuesday 28th August, at Rhodes's Hotel on a credit of 6 and 12 months by notes negotiable, bearing interest with approved endorsers in either the George Town or City banks.
A Complete two story BRICK HOUSE, in 14th street west in this city, now in the occupation of the subscriber, containing on the ground floor 2 parlors and kitchen, on the 2nd floor, 3 bed rooms, servant rooms over the kitchen, a good cellar, paved yard, pump with excellent water within 20 feet of the premises—the above premises are in complete repair and fit for the reception of a small genteel family—the house covers 23 feet front and the title from the commissioners.
At the same time and place will be sold two bay horses, on credit of six months, one 15 hands 1 inch high, ready in harness, six years old and fine figure; the other 14 hands 3 inches, quiet in harness and rides pleasant and well, his quality's well known for two years in this city; also a strong chaise with head & harness complete, and one qr. oak of old Madeira wine of the first quality. Sale to commence at 4 o'clock precisely. WM. LOVELL August 6—11t.
In the case of NICOLAS FEBRUART An Insolvent debtor,
SIX months from and after the first day of March, is limited, and appointed for the creditors to bring in, and exhibit their claims to the trustee, and that notice be given in the Washington Federalist, and National Intelligencer once a month, three times in each paper before the expiration of said term—It is further ordered, that the trustee sell the property of the insolvent, at public sale to the highest bidder, on a credit of 6 months, giving six months previous notice thereof, by public advertisement, in the same papers once a week for 6 weeks prior to the day of sale. By order, Wm. Cranch, Esq. URIAH FORREST, CLK. March 7.—1am3t
CHARLES VARDEN, MERCHANT TAILOR.
Has received from Philadelphia in addition to his former stock, a handsome assortment of goods, consisting of the best London and Spanish superfine cloths and calimeres, white and fancy Marcellilles, colored and white Janes, India nankeens, cotton calimeres, black silk and satin Florentines, with a variety of other articles suitable for the summer season. N. B. Ladies habits, regimentals, and navy uniforms made in the first style of fashion. New Jersey avenue near the Capitol, June 8—tf
Travellers Hall.
THE subscriber has lately been induced from the rapid increase of his custom to purchase a lot of ground adjoining that on which he lives for the purpose of building a dining room and assembly room, each 54 feet by 32 feet 10 inches with six additional lodging rooms, and intends to finish them before the ensuing winter; which together with his tavern and house will occupy a front of near one hundred feet in the most agreeable part of the town and in the center of business being on the highest part of the public square. He has considerably increased the furniture &c. of his houses and stables. His domestics and servants are of the most faithful dispositions and properly qualified for the departments to which they are assigned. He has a constant supply of the best stable forage; imported and country provisions, imported liquors, &c. of the first quality, foreign newspapers, &c. And his ice will most probably last through the hot weather. The distinguished preference which the first characters have already given him, fills him with gratitude. He offers his sincere thanks to all his good friends and begs leave to assure them that neither his time nor his purse shall be spared in attempting to render the Travellers Hall a house of entertainment, for GENTEL GUESTS ONLY, equal to any in America. P. BRADLEY. Lexington, Kentucky, June 12, 1804.
A Stage runs from the Travellers Hall to the Olympic Springs In the summer, and to Frankfort during the sessions of Assembly. June 29—3m
HERTY'S LAWS of MARYLAND. Volume II.
Those holding subscription papers to the above, are requested to forward a list of the subscribers and their residence, to the Editor in the city of Washington, before the 4th August next, in order that they be inserted, agreeably to the proposals. The work will be ready for delivery a few days thereafter. The Editors of papers in Maryland who published the proposals, are requested to give publicity to the above. July 13—cp
HAT MANUFACTURY.
The subscriber informs his customers and the public generally that he has discontinued business in the city of Washington, and has opened shop on Bridge street near the Union Tavern—he solicits the continuance of former customers, and hopes that all others who may choose to call and purchase his manufacture will be amply suited, if neatness and goodness be requisites. JOEL BROWN. George Town, Feb. 17—tf
NOTICE.
Those who have demands against the estate of JOHN BURCHAN, late of the City of Washington, deceased; are requested to present the same properly attested to either of the Subscribers; and those who may be indebted to the said estate, are desired to make speedy settlement. JOHN CRAVEN, JOSEPH STRETCH, Executors of the estate of John Burchan, deceased. Washington City, July 21.—3w.
Doctor MAGRUDER,
HAS for sale a few hogsheads 4th proof Jamaica spirits, linseed and lamp oil, spirits of turpentine, window glass, glaziers diamonds, glue, lamp black, white lead, Spanish whiting, Venetian red, red lead, verdigris, drop lake, flake white, patent yellow, roe and Dutch pink, kings yellow, Turkey umber, gold and silver leaf, painters and sweepings brushes, camels hair pencils, water colours in boxes, Spanish indigo, fig blue, arnott, red wood, alkanet, madder, logwood, turmeric, fat petre, alum, copperas, sweet oil, pearl barley, timothy and clover seed, tamarinds, castor oil, marble mortars, spring trusses, ginger, cinnamon, cloves, mace, Chings worm destroying lozenges, an assortment of paper hangings, playing cards, copy slips, ink powder, English Latin, Greek and French school books, large family bibles, and his usual complete assortment of drugs and medicine, patent medicine, surgeons instruments, &c. George Town, July 20—tf
Forty Dollars Reward.
Ranaway from the subscriber living in Calvert county near Hunting Town, a negro man named MICHAEL about 35 years old, about 6 feet high, straight and well made has a pleasing countenance when spoken to—his clothing was chiefly of country make when he left home, but having taken with him clothes of various kinds; he may have changed them—he is supposed to have made for Baltimore or George town—Any person apprehending said negro and lodging him in any jail so that I get him again, shall be entitled to the above reward, or if brought home in addition to the above reward, all reasonable expences will be paid. FRANCIS HANCE, July 27—7t
TO RENT,
A THREE STORY BRICK HOUSE in the city of Washington, situate on that beautiful ridge north east of the Seven Buildings, on 1 street, Lot No. 3, square 106, at present occupied by Mrs. Scott. Possession may be had the 1st of August next. Under said house is a good dry cellar, on the back of the lot is a stable, and near the premises a pump of most excellent water. Enquire of Mrs. Scott, or of the subscribers, High street at Doctor John Beatty's George Town. ABSALOM JOY. June 29—tf
FOR SALE.
The following City Lots, ON A LIBERAL TIME, Upon SECURITY, viz. LOTS—3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9, in square No. 919.—Lots 1, 2, 7, 8, 9, 10, 15, & 16, in sq. No. 938. Lots 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 13, 14, 15, & 16, in sq. No. 986. Lots 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18 & 19, in square No. 1042. Lots 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 & 13, in square No. 1066. Apply to CHARLES MINIFIE, Washington City, or to RICHARD C. JONES, at Philadelphia. Washington, August 3—tf. N.B. C. M. hats lundry other lots for sale or ground rent (on easy terms to improvers,) and in eligible situations.
NOTICE.
Two valuable young Maryland Slaves for sale, a Man and his wife, enquire of the Printer. August 3—3t
L I M E.
TWO HUNDRED Casks Rhode Island fresh lime for sale by MICHAEL CLEARY. George Town, August 6—3t