The national intelligencer and Washington advertiser. (Washington City [D.C.]), 1806-09-10 00:00:00

NATIONAL INTELLIGENCER, AND WASHINGTON ADVERTISER.
WASHINGTON CITY, PRINTED BY SAMUEL HARRISON SMITH, PENNSYLVANIA AVENUE. No. DCCCCXXII.
FIVE DOLLARS PER ANNUM.
WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 10, 1806.
PAID IN ADVANCE.
National Intelligencer.
Extract of a letter from S. Griswold, Esq. of Detroit, to Francis Gardner, Esq. giving an account of the total eclipse, June 16, 1806, as it appeared at Detroit, and its effect on the Indians.
For several months this anticipated phenomenon was a subject of enquiry with the Indians, as many stories had been told them, partly by ignorant and partly by designing persons, of terrible things which would accompany that event. The troubled aspect of our national affairs with foreign powers at that period, facilitated the propagation of visionary and awful predictions. Hundreds came to me to consult on the subject of the eclipse and its threatened accompaniments and consequences: some large parties came in from a distance on purpose to enquire on this subject. They knew that white people could foretel eclipses, and supposed we must be able too, to predict the attendant circumstances of wind and weather and every effect upon the earth. Most of them believe this faculty is given to white people by the Great Spirit, which he has thought proper to deny to Indians—and appear to have little notion that it depends upon calculations upon natural principles.
It has long (perhaps always,) been a general sentiment of Indians, that an eclipse, particularly of the sun, is an expression, or rather token, of the anger of the Great Spirit,—and the degree of his anger is indicated by the magnitude of the eclipse. The expectation of a total eclipse, therefore, was sufficient to prepare them for the reception of every extravagant tale and direful prognostication. Among other ideas, that of war, bloody war, naturally occurred and was easily fomented, in conjunction with the then existing circumstances. It was not difficult for a designing person of influence among them, to point out to their satisfaction, how and where, this calamity was to take place, and whose blood must be shed. It is said, the Indians detested General Harmer on the day of an eclipse, and have since entertained a persuasion that such a phenomenon is peculiarly unfortunate for Americans, and sufficient to ensure success to Indians if they strike on that day.—and it was generally reported a short time previous to the late eclipse, that an attack under auspices was agreed to be made upon this and other American posts in this quarter.
Besides that of war, the minds of the Indians were filled with other terrific anticipations. Some whole villages appeared impressed, that the darkness would be equal to that of the darkest night, and would continue for months, and many imagined it would be a dark year. They expected the sun would be put out for that space of time, that vegetables and animals would perish, together with most Indians who lived on the casual produce of the chase. But the more general expectation was, that it would be only a dark day, or as they expressed it, a night day. And they supposed the day would be productive of the most dreadful storms of wind, hail, and other elementary concussions beyond the power of man to describe. I found but one Indian out of some hundreds that came in from the wilderness, who appeared to possess any just conceptions of the expected phenomenon. It was the son of an intelligent chief now dead, who declared that he had no fears, for he believed he had seen such a thing when a boy, and his father taught him it was caused by the night sun (their term for the moon) getting over the day sun, and thus stopping its light for a short time.
Seeing the general attention of the Indians thus excited, and wishing to allay their painful apprehensions, as well as prevent any possible consequences of a serious nature, I thought it my duty to instruct them as far as they were capable of understanding, into the cause and nature of an eclipse,—told them the day and precise time of day it would happen,—its duration, appearance, &c. and as to the dreadful accompaniments of storm and wind, I discounted such an expectation, though something of the kind might take place as on other days,—but assured them they would survive it, and expressed my hope of seeing a clear sky on that day, that I might behold the phenomenon in all its grandeur, and the stars in their glory surrounding it. They were thankful for these assurances, and some took encouragement, while others remained fearful and perplexed.
The eclipse made its appearance under every favorable circumstance that could be wished, and agreeable to all that had told the Indians. The day was remarkably fine, without a cloud or a gust of wind. It commenced here about an hour earlier than the calculations at New York and Albany. The disk of the sun was completely covered for the space of three minutes, the stars appearing very brilliant within the compass of the eclipse's shadow on every side of the sun's place—the greatest obscuration was equal to that of the clearest
star light evening—the brutes and the fowls gave signs that they thought it night, and were retiring to repose, when they were recalled by the bursting forth of the light. Its effects upon the Indians were great. Those whom I saw during the greatest darkness, appeared thoughtful, but held their courage. Others I was told ran up and down with agitation. Some fell on their knees and prayed: while a few wrapped themselves in their blankets and lay down to die. After it was seen to pass off without harm, and the day proceeded as usual, all took courage and became very social. By the evening many were ready to be drunk. A general muster of militia had been ordered on that day, which was well attended and had a good effect. Governor Hull had arrived in season to take the field.
AGRICULTURAL.
A member of an Agricultural Society at Greenock recommends an improvement in the culture of potatoes of which he has had several years experience.—“The first year (he says) I cut the potatoes in 3 pieces, the top, the middle, and the bottom parts, I suppose every person knows, the top of the potatoe (from the bottom, as the principal eyes are on the top,) and planted therein 3 rows. The top plant was ten days earlier than the middle plant, and a much greater crop: the middle plant was earlier than the bottom, and a better crop;—the bottom produced but a very indifferent crop. For some seasons past I have only planted the top eyes, and I may safely say, that I have the best crop, and driest potatoes, in the country. None need be deterred from this plan on the ground of waste; for after the top is cut off, the remainder keeps better, and longer for use than if the potatoe was preserved entire. As a proof of this, lay a whole potatoe on the top of the ground, or in any exposed place, and it will shew, that the top plants grows faster, and are many inches long before there is any growth from the bottom.”
Southern, Aug. 19.
Extract of a letter from a gentleman residing in the Mississippi Territory Washington County to his friend in this city, under date of the 15th ult.
“Since I last wrote you of the situation of this unhappy country, the Spaniards, have not only seized our property, and imprisoned our citizens, but they have proceeded step by step, to strike a deadly blow at the settlements on the Tombigbee and Alabama Rivers. Since the arrival of the Intendant MORALES, the port of Mobile has been entirely shut, not only to American vessels, but to that of Spain and every other nation.”
“The Commandant at Mobile suffered our merchants, for a short time, to deposit their goods at Mobile, and proceed from thence, in boats up the river; but that privilege is now denied: they will not suffer us either to purchase or sell a single article at Mobile; they have sent back from Mobile boats of corn—our last year's crop of corn is entirely destroyed by the weevils; our cotton is rotting, in large quantities, on the Tombigbee and Alabama Rivers. In vain does the former cultivate his lands—he sows in despair, and reaps in sorrow.”
“If some change does not take place between this and May next, this country, not only possessing every local advantage for navigation and commerce, but for agriculture, will be deserted by its present inhabitants, and instead of a well cultivated country, it will be a lasting evidence of Spanish tyranny.”
“The important situation of this country is but little known—the Alabama and Tombigbee rivers form the Mobile, the junction is about two miles above Fort Stodart, where the Mobile is about one mile wide; one mile below the fort the Mobile forks and empties by five mouths into the Bay of Mobile, opposite the town, where the Bay is nine miles wide—the Mobile Bay for king, makes several islands, one of which is about thirty miles in length and about ten miles wide, and is as fine land for rice as any in the world. The Alabama takes its rise in North Carolina—this river is very rapid, the tide flows but little way up—the Tombigbee is the best river for navigation, the tide flows up about one hundred miles from Fort Stodart, which is about fifty miles from the town of Mobile; but what will one day make it more valuable, is the near approach of this to the Tennessee river; it is a fact that from the head of navigation on this river, to a navigable Creek,
known by the name of Bear Creek, is about thirty miles. What an outlet for the Western produce! Whoever will take the trouble to cast their eyes upon the town of Mobile, will see, that it will at one day rival New Orleans, the promised city of commerce—but this is on the supposition, that the Floridas will be given up to the United States.”
FROM A LATE LONDON PAPER.
STATE OF THE NATION.
Scarcely had the new ministers entered into office, than a work was published, stated to be An enquiry into the State of the Nation ; a work which in strict conformity with the politics which the Foxites have adopted since they came into power, draws the most gloomy picture of our situation and resources. To depreciate the measures of that administration, and of that minister, whose death his successors are affording us usually more and more reason to lament, and to excite the talents and characters of the present ministers, is the great object of the work alluded to. How well it has succeeded in accomplishing that object, may be seen in the rapidly declining popularity of the ministers, whom it has so lavishly eulogised, and in the increasing regret of all ranks of people for the loss of that man against whom it so topically inveighs.
To that work a most victorious reply has just issued from the press—strong in point of reasoning, conclusive in point of effect—elegant in its style, and temperate in its manner, but not purchasing the praise of temperance by the sacrifice of firmness. We recommend it to the attentive perusal of our readers, & we shall take frequent opportunities of making quotations from it. The following extract is from the introduction. It draws a strong and just character of the pamphlet to which we have alluded—
“In an enquiry into the state of this rich and powerful nation, it is singular that, except the character of our present ministry, there should not be discovered a single favorable circumstance in our situation—no cheering ray to diversify a picture of the most gloomy coloring. A melancholy note is struck at the beginning, and the dismal cadence continues to the end. The state of our public funds has entirely escaped the notice of this impartial writer. Our naval victories, although only a few months old, appear to have fled from his recollection. Perhaps he is prepared to argue, that flourishing finances, and unparalleled naval triumphs have no connection with our foreign relations, or with the state of the country.”
“Let us examine, in the first instance, the plan of the work before us, and how far its substance fulfills its title. The author confines himself almost entirely to foreign relations, and divides them into the following heads:
1. The late continental alliance. 2. The consequence of our late foreign policy. 3. The state of foreign affairs, independent of our late coalition and its consequences.
Under this head the author discusses the origin of our war with Spain, and the neutral questions. It is apparent from this outline, that the work under review is only nominally an enquiry into the State of the nation. In reality, it is an exposition of every unfavorable circumstance in the state of our relations with foreign powers. In other words, it is a most gloomy catalogue of the difficulties under which the right honorable secretary for the foreign department is desirous that the public should believe that he entered upon office. It concludes with laudating the most profuse encomiums on the talents, experience, frank and integrity of the right honorable secretary and his friends.
“Before proceeding upon an examination of the work, it is natural to inquire in what light Lord Grenville views its publication. We believe it is without example in the history of those constitutional parties which have divided the attachments of our countrymen, that a minister should lend his sanction to a pamphlet replete with the most bitter censure of his colleagues—a colleague who is not only a distinguished member of the cabinet, but the head of the administration. The allusions to the former conduct of the noble lord, are direct—the condemnation they convey is unqualified.—The author dwells on the ‘high, unbending, unaccommodating tone which we have been accustomed to hold aloft over the world.’ Now, Lord Hawkesbury, Harrowby, and Malgrave, the successors of Lord Grenville in office, have never been accused of giving offence to foreign courts by haughty or unbecoming conduct. The reprobation so pointedly expressed in the inquiry, is applicable, therefore, in a particular manner, to Lord Grenville. Indeed the author leaves us in no doubt in this respect. I shall quote his own words.—‘To have looked forward beyond the next year; to have taken measures in silence for the slow preparations of dis-
tant events; to have gradually disposed the minds of a people in our favor by kind treatment, for which no immediate return was expected, or won them by any other means than a manifesto from a commander, at the head of a paltry force; to have laid plans of war before hand, which should not for some time burst into view with glare and noise: All this would have indicated a strange, unaccountable deviation from the system which has been unremittingly at work since the treat. of Pilnitz,’ by day and by night, during war and during peace, in aggrandising the proud & crushing the humble.”
“These expressions required no comment. Mr. Fox and Lord Grenville are the acknowledged leaders of the cabinet, and I leave the reader to judge of the prudence of the minister who can give circulation to such unqualified accusations of the former conduct of his colleague.”
The author enters into an able justification of the late ministers, with respect to the last war—Speaking of any peace to be concluded with France, the author makes the following excellent remarks:
“Unquestionably every enlightened and liberal mind, capable of appreciating the real causes of the prosperity of nations, will pronounce, that by a secure peace the interests of this country will be more effectually promoted, and its welfare more radically and permanently established, than by the most successful war: and if Mr. Fox succeeds in negotiating a peace honorable to us and safe for the continent, he will deserve, not only the thanks of the country, but the forgiveness of all his inconsistencies.”
“Of such a peace, however, we have no flattering prospect. To act a condescending part in negotiation with so arrogant an enemy as Bonaparte, is to incur a renewal of hostility. Let it never be forgotten, that the treaty of Amiens, of which the chief recommendation was its having been made ‘in the spirit of peace,’ kept us, during the short interval of its duration, in a state of alarm worse than war. In any negotiation with Bonaparte, let Mr. Fox remember, that he is treating with the most false and artful of men, with one who combines the most subtle mind with the most perfidious heart. He alternately oppresses by open violence, seduces by secret fraud, or assassination in midnight obscurity.”
Ille venena
Colchica et quequid usquam concipitur nefas, Tracavit.
“His system is to crush the weak, and beguile the powerful—to frighten the timid, and cajole the brave. The sword is the favorite engine of his government, and it is congenial to the turbulence of his temper. But he combines in his administration every species of support to himself, and of danger to his enemies. By the employment of enlightened men like Talleyrand, he makes even philosophy administer her sacred aid to his lawless violence. He has reduced falsehood into a system, and adapts his lies with wonderful sagacity, to whatever character he addresses. He prevailed on the cabinet of Vienna to acquiesce in his usurpations in Italy, by pretending that they were necessary to enable him to re-establish with security, hereditary monarchy in France. With equal truth, he will endeavor to persuade Mr. Fox that he desires peace for the sake of alleviating the sufferings of mankind; that he has always admired pacific sentiments; that he has no wish to abridge the power of Britain, but that he is desirous to cultivate with her the most amicable relations, and to forget the evils of war in the innocent emulation of commercial rivalry.”
“Such were the expressions in the first edition of this work; but the author thought proper subsequently to strike out the words, ‘since the treaty of Pilnitz.’ Was Lord Grenville called by the pointed censure of his conduct, which was thus spared abroad by his colleagues in office; did Mr. Fox and his friends shrink from the just investigation they had roused, and attempt to eat their words? But was this mere withdrawing of so pointed an allusion a sufficient reparation for this public and gross insult? Or, indeed, does the mere omission of these five words in any degree alter the directness of the censure?”
[From the London Literary Journal.]
TURKISH LITERATURE AND SCIENCE.
Who shall deny that the lights of knowledge are rapidly diffusing themselves over the world, and penetrating into the most benighted regions, when we find the grand seignor, the successor of Mahomet, employing his authority to propagate literature and science. Our readers have not forgotten the saying of the Mussulman, prince, when asked what was his pleasure in regard to the library of Alexandria: “If these books,” said he, “contain only such things as correspond with the Koran, they are unnecessary, for all useful truth may be found there; if they contain anything contrary to the Koran,
they must be pernicious: at all events, therefore, let them be burnt.” Such are the principles on which his successors have acted for so many centuries; and hence those regions of Asia, which were once the seats of arts and science, are now consigned to worse than Cimmerian darkness. The present Sultan has, however, lately issued a decree commanding the decayed hospitals of Constantinople to be rebuilt; medical schools to be annexed to them; a correspondence to be maintained with the most celebrated universities of Europe; and liberal endowments to be provided for the medical graduates of those universities who shall be willing to settle at Constantinople. This decree is directed to prince Demetrius Von Morosi, who has already distinguished himself for his zeal in the cause of learning and has established academies for mathematics and belles lettres at Konoukesme. He is invested with full powers to carry the decree into effect, and also to establish such other institutions for the propagation of literature and science as he may judge expedient. Of all such institutions which are or may be appointed in the Turkish empire, he is nominated supreme dictator, with power to new model the old, and to establish new ones at his pleasure. We doubt not that prince Demetrius will exert himself to forward an object which he has already labored to promote. In a century hence the dark ages of Constantinople may be as much a matter of history and of wonder as the dark ages of Europe. The same edict contains various regulations for the suppression of rogues, vagabonds, and beggars, by providing them with employment.
Foreign Intelligence.
Baltimore, Sept. 6.
By the regular trading, and fast sailing ship Fair American, capt. Davis, in 40 days from London, we received papers to the 23d of July, 3 days later than any heretofore received. From a hasty perusal of these papers we do not discover any thing on the subject of peace, except that couriers are still passing between England and France. Extracts follow.
LONDON, July 19.
Basilico has not yet taken his departure. A Russian Courier however embarked yesterday for Boulogne with dispatches for M. D'Ouril, who is supposed to have reached Paris.
The removal of the crews of the Prussian vessels from on board their ships to prison, has been the forerunner, as it was natural to expect, of the departure of the Prussian ambassador, Jacobi, who has received orders to leave this country, and who is expected to set off about the end of next week.
July 21.
Letters from the coast mention that Calais had lately been bombarded by our cruizers on that station. It appears while commodore Owen was examining some vessels that had run within the French shore, he was fired on from Calais; on which it is added he sent in a flag of truce, declaring that he had been restrained by considerations of humanity from firing on the town; but that should they persist in their wanton attempts to annoy him, he should be compelled to retaliate. A correspondent continues to observe, that an insulting answer having been returned, the commodore ordered two gun brigs to play upon the town for 8 hours, and that part of it in consequence was reduced to ruins.
July 22.
The Constance frigate arrived at Portsmouth on Saturday, spoke on the preceding Thursday an American schooner, the Hope, P. Woodward, master—she had just come out of Cherbourg. The master of her declared, that he had read in the Moniteur , that a treaty had been signed at Paris between the emperor and the Porte, by which the former is permitted to march troops through the Turkish territory to Egypt.
The reports of American masters prove in general so erroneous, that we may fairly question the accuracy of this intelligence.—That the new Turkish ambassador might have been wheedled by the French minister for foreign affairs into a renewal of the ancient relations between the Porte and France, is very likely, and was to be expected; but, that with the lash of the pen he should give up Egypt without some kind of equivalent, is most incredible. If Talleyrand has been so successful as to carry so important a point, he would scarcely be guilty of the indiscretion of promulgating it at the moment that he is supposed to be engaged in negotiations for peace with Russia and England. It possibly might be the subject of a secret article; as such, it never could have been read by the American master, for it would not have appeared on the face of any treaty that has been signed at Paris. The concession itself is of little value, except as far as it shows the complete influence which France has obtained in the councils of the Porte. If ever Bonaparte shall again penetrate into Egypt, it will be by

much better cut than through the Turkish Asiatic provinces. With all the facilities that the Porte could afford him, an expedition which should sail from Portsmouth at the same time that he put his army in motion from Dalmatia, would reach Alexandria many weeks before him. Vast and astonishing as his enterprises have been, so extravagant a project as this could have scarcely engaged his waking thoughts. A mail from Gottenburg arrived yesterday. The general opinion in Sweden is, that a war with Prussia is inevitable. The army in Pomerania has taken a new and advanced position; considerable reinforcements were expected at Stralsund. Notwithstanding his expectations, and whatever hostile demonstrations Prussia may make, we are persuaded she will never act with vigor against Sweden, as long as the latter is protected by the alliance of Russia. An English messenger, (not Mr. Basilico) sailed from the Downs on Saturday, for France.
July 23. Late on Monday evening a person landed at Deal from Boulogne, with dispatches from Lord Yarmouth at Paris; and early yesterday morning he arrived in town, at Mr. Fox's house in the Stable Yard. A cabinet council was soon after held at Mr. Fox's office in Downing street, at which the lord chancellor, lord Grenville, viscounts Sidmouth and Hawick, earls Spencer, Fitzwilliam & Moira, lords Ellenborough and H. Petty and Mr. Windham attended. So great was the exigency for the council, that a messenger was dispatched to lord Sidmouth at Richmond Park, to require his lordship's attendance. Parliament will be prorogued by commission this day. Reports are in circulation, but we know not on what authority, that some allusion will be made in the speech from the throne, to the recent intercourse between this country and France. Mr. Fox was able on Monday to take a walk round his garden, and passed a very good night.
FROM THE LONDON GAZETTE, OF JULY 22. Queen's Palace, July 21. James Munroe, Esq. Minister Plenipotentiary from the United States of America, having received new letters of credence, giving him, jointly with William Pinckney, Esq. the character of Ministers Extraordinary and Plenipotentiaries from the United States, they had this day a private audience of his Majesty, to deliver their said credentials.
LONDON, July 16. PEACE. It was easy to foresee, that to make a peace, under our present circumstances, would be attempted. Whether any progress has actually been made in a negotiation, I have not the least knowledge, and indeed I have not thought it worth while to make a single enquiry upon the subject; but, if peace should take place, I do not think it difficult to predict what will be the outline of it, and what will be its no very remote consequences. The assertion in his majesty's declaration against Prussia, joined to Mr. Fox's speech upon the subject, will render it very difficult for the ministers to make any peace which shall not provide for the restoration of Hanover to the king as elector thereof; and, indeed, there were some persons, who, at the time, hesitated not to pronounce, that this declaration was advised by the ministers with a view of providing themselves with something to which they thought Bonaparte would be induced to consent, and which, at whatever expense purchased, would furnish them with the grounds whereon to say: "see here; we have carried our point! We said we would have Hanover back, and we have got it." Nay, upon perceiving that the Monitor kept a cautious silence upon this part of Mr. Fox's declaration, there were not wanting certain refiners in politics to assert, that the French foresaw this declaration some time before it was made in England, and that, so far from being displeased at it, it was the very thing that they wished to hear from our ministry. Be this as it might, my opinion is, that if peace should take place now, every thing will be sacrificed to this object. Upon the state of the continent of Europe, except as far as regards Hanover, we shall not, in my opinion, be allowed to say one single word; and if we are allowed to have a footing there, it will be because the French are convinced, that by leaving Hanover in the hands of our Sovereign, they shall always have a bridle in our mouths. They have, at all times been ready to restore Hanover, and this upon the maxim of Madame de Pompadour, who, in one of her letters, observes, that "this electorate seems to have been intended by Providence as the means of checking the insolence of these haughty islanders, who being by nature secure from all danger except that which may approach them from the sky, have been, luckily for France, seized with the mad vanity of having an appendage within six days march of the frontier of their only formidable enemy." "This Hanover," says she in another place, "this dear little spot in the north of Germany, will yield us, at the peace, an abundance of sugar and coffee." So will it be now, if Hanover be re-obtained. Not only shall we give up all the islands we have taken since the commencement of this war; but, I shall be greatly deceived, if the Cape of Good Hope, and Malta, or either of them, be retained by us. Mr. Fox says he will not give up a particle of our honor. But not to observe upon the latitude of this phrase, not to observe upon the great variation which its sense will admit of when applied to different circumstances; I must be allowed to fear, that, if peace be now made, Mr. Fox will not be able to keep his word. The thing to be attended to, is however our safety, and where is the man who believes that the power of France remaining what it is, our safety can be provided for without maintaining a force equal in expense to that of the force we now maintain? Without having such a force always in existence, does any man think that a peace with France would last a year? And, if a force so expensive is to be maintained, what relief will the nation derive from peace? "What then, would you do," some one will say, "would you keep on war for ever, and that, too, because you declare that we are unable to keep on war?" No, I am not for keeping on war for ever. I am for peace, as soon as it can be obtained with safety, and I never have declared that we are unable to keep on war; but I have declared, and now repeat the declaration, that it is my fixed opinion, that, without a great reduction of expense, it is impossible for this country to carry on the war for only a very few years longer. And if this be the case, the only question that remains to be determined, is, how is this reduction to be effected? I believe, there is but one way, namely, by greatly reducing the amount of the dividends paid upon the national debt—but, before we come to this, let all other means of reduction be resorted to, and if they be resorted to, there is a possibility of avoiding altogether the calamities which would arise from a great reduction of the dividends, and there is a certainty of postponing the date of these calamities.—We have lately seen numerous instances, in which the public money is wasted—we have had, and we now have before us the causes of the heavy taxes that are imposed; the causes of that personal inconvenience and distress that vex and weigh down the nation, that dispirit the people to exertion, and that in various ways, really incapacitate them for it. Great saving may be made without any injury whatever to the strength either of the government, the navy, or the army; and if this object were effected, who does not perceive, that it would produce more effect towards inclining the mind of our enemy towards real peace than all the loud talking that our ministers can make use of? The French emperor knows our situation as well as we do. The pig iron tax has not given way to the brewery tax, and this latter to another without its being known at Paris. It is well known there, that our ministers are at their wits' end for the means of raising the necessary supplies. It is very well known there, that a paper money, impossible to be redeemed by specie, pervades our country; and it is equally well known, that, in such a state of things, a trifling cause of alarm may prove fatal to us. Therefore, it is absurd to hope, that during this state of things, the enemy will ever be inclined to such a peace as shall give us real tranquility. Unless a great reduction of the public expenses take place, the paper money must go on augmenting in quantity, and with it must go on augmenting the chances against such a peace as can alone be desired by any friend to our safety and to the permanence of the government. In short there appears to me to be three things, one of which must take place; namely, unconditional submission to the enemy; taxes collected at the point of the bayonet; or, a great and speedy reduction in the national expenses. Of the two former many people would scarcely know which to prefer; for what, will they say, could the enemy do more than collect taxes from us at the point of the bayonet? The alternative would be a cruel one, indeed: but, we have it completely in our power to avoid both these, and by adopting, and by rigidly adhering to a plan of economy. This should be the great object of the ministers. They should bend all their talents this way. They should endeavor to find out, and they should never rest till they had actually found out, men to make a reform in every branch of the public expenditure. Real services should be well paid for; and of all services none should be so well paid for as those which might enable the ministers to save the public money.
applied to different circumstances; I must be allowed to fear, that, if peace be now made, Mr. Fox will not be able to keep his word. The thing to be attended to, is however our safety, and where is the man who believes that the power of France remaining what it is, our safety can be provided for without maintaining a force equal in expense to that of the force we now maintain? Without having such a force always in existence, does any man think that a peace with France would last a year? And, if a force so expensive is to be maintained, what relief will the nation derive from peace? "What then, would you do," some one will say, "would you keep on war for ever, and that, too, because you declare that we are unable to keep on war?" No, I am not for keeping on war for ever. I am for peace, as soon as it can be obtained with safety, and I never have declared that we are unable to keep on war; but I have declared, and now repeat the declaration, that it is my fixed opinion, that, without a great reduction of expense, it is impossible for this country to carry on the war for only a very few years longer. And if this be the case, the only question that remains to be determined, is, how is this reduction to be effected? I believe, there is but one way, namely, by greatly reducing the amount of the dividends paid upon the national debt—but, before we come to this, let all other means of reduction be resorted to, and if they be resorted to, there is a possibility of avoiding altogether the calamities which would arise from a great reduction of the dividends, and there is a certainty of postponing the date of these calamities.—We have lately seen numerous instances, in which the public money is wasted—we have had, and we now have before us the causes of the heavy taxes that are imposed; the causes of that personal inconvenience and distress that vex and weigh down the nation, that dispirit the people to exertion, and that in various ways, really incapacitate them for it. Great saving may be made without any injury whatever to the strength either of the government, the navy, or the army; and if this object were effected, who does not perceive, that it would produce more effect towards inclining the mind of our enemy towards real peace than all the loud talking that our ministers can make use of? The French emperor knows our situation as well as we do. The pig iron tax has not given way to the brewery tax, and this latter to another without its being known at Paris. It is well known there, that our ministers are at their wits' end for the means of raising the necessary supplies. It is very well known there, that a paper money, impossible to be redeemed by specie, pervades our country; and it is equally well known, that, in such a state of things, a trifling cause of alarm may prove fatal to us. Therefore, it is absurd to hope, that during this state of things, the enemy will ever be inclined to such a peace as shall give us real tranquility. Unless a great reduction of the public expenses take place, the paper money must go on augmenting in quantity, and with it must go on augmenting the chances against such a peace as can alone be desired by any friend to our safety and to the permanence of the government. In short there appears to me to be three things, one of which must take place; namely, unconditional submission to the enemy; taxes collected at the point of the bayonet; or, a great and speedy reduction in the national expenses. Of the two former many people would scarcely know which to prefer; for what, will they say, could the enemy do more than collect taxes from us at the point of the bayonet? The alternative would be a cruel one, indeed: but, we have it completely in our power to avoid both these, and by adopting, and by rigidly adhering to a plan of economy. This should be the great object of the ministers. They should bend all their talents this way. They should endeavor to find out, and they should never rest till they had actually found out, men to make a reform in every branch of the public expenditure. Real services should be well paid for; and of all services none should be so well paid for as those which might enable the ministers to save the public money.
Cobbett's Register. PARIS, July 7. M. D'Oubril, the Russian envoy, actually arrived here yesterday at 3 in the afternoon. He alighted at the hotel Crange Bateliere. VIENNA, June 29. We are positively assured that M. D'Oubril's full powers and instructions relate not only to the affairs of the Russian prisoners, but that this minister is authorized to open negotiations for concluding preliminaries of peace. Some days before this minister's departure from Vienna, M. Anstetten, counsellor to the Russian legation, set out from this city for Petersburg, with important dispatches. HAMBURGH, July 12. We are assured that Bonaparte has ordered marshal Bernadotte to march his corps into the country of Hesse Cassel. The elector having refused ten months ago to lend five millions of rix dollars to France, and Napoleon being in want of that sum, Talleyrand has advised that measure as the only means to extort it from that prince. However its success is not quite certain, as it is very well known that the elector, who has never been a friend to Bonaparte, has guarded against his rapacity by sending his treasure to Berlin. In the same manner the elector of
Saxony has been summoned to lend six millions of rix dollars to the French emperor, and as he has also refused the loan, it is apprehended that Bernadotte has been directed to pay a visit to the Grune Gewelh, who is now at Dresden. The new constitution of the German empire is daily expected at Ratisbon.—It is already known that the three imperial cities of Hamburg, Lubeck and Bremen, will be under the immediate direction and control of Bonaparte. M. Bourrienne has given notice to our venerable Senate, that the political superintendence of the French theatre in Hamburg, belongs to him, in consequence of orders to that effect that he has received from the same prince who has sent him as his minister to the circle of Lower Saxony.
HAGUE, July 4. A committee of their high mightinesses, consisting of M. de Vos Van Steenwyk tot den Hoogehorst, President, M. Twent Van Raaphorst, and M. Cuyper, members, and M. Couperus, the secretary, accompanied by two state messengers, had a solemn audience of his majesty yesterday, in the palace of the Wood, and presented the following answer to his majesty's speech of the 23d June:
SIRE, The assembly of their high mightinesses hasten to testify to your majesty their sincere gratitude for your condescension in appearing among them, to unfold, in the presence of the Representatives of all the departments and great towns, your profound foresight and elevated views. The spirit, energy, and patriotism of the speech, with which your majesty closed the memorable meeting of the 23d of June, will never be forgotten by the assembly. Be pleased, sir, graciously to accept this assurance of the feelings of respect, confidence, and perfect attachment, with which that impressive ceremony has animated us. The idea of the importance of the views we have solemnly made shall henceforth be ever engraved on our hearts, and we shall consider it a sacred duty to realise the flattering expectation which your majesty has formed of our zeal, patriotism, and fidelity. The character of the people of this country, who are as prudent in their transactions as constant in their attachments, and who have always been celebrated for their fidelity and obedience to the laws, is a pledge that the destiny of our nation will be forever confirmed under the shield of a guardian throne. Yes, Sire! honor and virtue, which are the real supports of the throne, have, among our fellow citizens, survived so many years of sacrifice and revolution. The people of this country have not degenerated from the character of their forefathers, and the call made by your majesty on all true Dutchmen shall not be made in vain. The period of political revolutions is irrevocably past. It would be folly not to profit by the instruction which events and experience have afforded us, respecting the form of government best suited to our present circumstances, and to the extension of our territory. Your majesty has sketched out to us the nature of that form of government and unfolded its principles with a victorious force of reasoning founded on facts. A stable, upright, and paternal administration, such as that we may with full confidence expect from the care of your majesty, will prove the most effectual means of re-animating the national spirit which so many shocks and changes have almost entirely extinguished. Among the numerous advantages which must spring from the inviolable bonds by which we are united with that sovereign who disposes of the fate of Europe, we reckon with pride the national independence, of which the Dutch have always been particularly jealous! We participate in the pain which your majesty feels, in consequence of your separation from him, who, as a protecting angel, is admired throughout the whole universe, and venerated in France. Be, Sire, henceforth all ours, and rely upon all our efforts to lighten the honorable, but weighty duty with which your majesty charged yourself when you ascended the throne of Holland.
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WASHINGTON CITY. WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 10. Boston, Sept. 1. BRITISH NAVIGATION LAWS. Among the important measures which have engaged the attention of the British Cabinet, during the late sitting of Parliament, is that of suspending the British Navigation Laws. This act, which has probably passed both branches of the government, meets with much severe remark from the London editors. Bell's Weekly Messenger, in commenting on this step, thus arranges its objections.—
"1. It is an unnecessary innovation upon an established practice,—an immediate and direct sacrifice of much good,—and as such would require the proof of necessity, and a greater good, for its suspension. "2. It necessarily deducts a most considerable branch from the carrying trade, and as such must either withdraw an equivalent of the capital now employed in the shipping trade, and thus proportionally diminish the shipping of the country; or if the same capital be from necessity continued, when the demand has so considerably fallen, the profits of the ship owners must be reduced almost to nothing, and thus the ship Trade will be in a short time absolutely deserted. "3. To supply our colonies not only in American shipping, but with American produce, is a manifest injustice to our own Colonies. That the merchants of Canada will be ruined whilst the Americans of Maine and New-England are enriched at their cost. "4. That the opening of the colonial market to the American beef and pork, must most seriously affect the Irish provision trade;—that the Americans are nearer, & paying no taxes, no insurance, and building their vessels so much cheaper, they can bring their provisions to the colonial market at half the expence, and therefore at half the price, of either the English or Irish merchants. That the latter therefore must be ruined in the competition, and must be more or less injured in proportion as this competition is more or less introduced,—i. e. as the trade is more or less opened. "6. That the American vessels being admitted into the colonies, will find no difficulty in introducing contraband articles, to the manifest injury of the fair trader in the Islands, and the British importer or manufacturer.—That teas and East-India produce are in America subject to no tax, so that the inducement to smuggle on the side of the Americans are irresistible. "6. Finally, that this opening of the colonial market is the first link of an insurrection which we know not how far it may extend."
Extract of a letter to the Editor of the Philadelphia Register from his correspondent, dated LONDON, July 2. "The Leopard of 50 guns, sailed from Spithead, on Saturday last June 28, with orders for the recal of the Leander, which is to return to England, under the command of captain Reggett, the present captain of the Leopard; and an enquiry will ensue on the conduct of the captain of the Leander on her arrival." "A similar misfortune had occurred on the coast of Portugal, of which intelligence was received last week; and the Portuguese government have proceeded so far as to detain the Richmond Gun brig, until satisfaction is made for this, and several other subjects of complaint. An enquiry is directed to be made." The Duke of Bedford, since his arrival in Ireland, has dismissed majors Siry, Swann, and Sondes from their official situations both at the Castle and as public Magistrates at the head of the Police in Ireland. This change in the Police is one of the greatest steps to create popularity in Ireland that could be taken. He has also ordered the salaries that they received from the revenue to be given as an augmentation of salary to the officers and soldiers attending the City of Dublin. His Grace was also pleased to confess that he felt his person and family more safe in the absence of the said Magistrates than with them.— London paper.
Wilmington, N. C. August 26. We have witnessed the most violent and destructive storm of wind and rain ever before known here. On Thursday evening last the gale commenced at N. E. and increased by degrees until Friday about 10 A. M. it then became a hurricane and blew with the utmost violence; on Saturday at day light the wind began to veer, and about 7 A. M. settled at S. W. and continued until 12 or 1 o'clock, when it seemed to abate, but did not subside until between 5 and 6 in the afternoon. The tide rose to a height heretofore unknown; the wharves are much damaged; the loss in dry goods, salt, sugar, rice, lumber, &c. is beyond conception and cannot be ascertained. When the wind shifted to
S. W. it seemed to threaten universal destruction, the gable ends of three brick houses were washed or blown down; many wooden buildings were considerably wrecked and some unfinished ones entirely demolished. Mr. Isaac Faldwin was killed by the falling of an old burnt wall, and we hear that several negroes have been killed and one drowned on the plantations in our vicinity. As far as we have been able to obtain information, the crops of corn, peas, rice, &c. are almost entirely destroyed. The falling of trees and breaking up of bridges having suspended the communication between the town and country, and the stage not having arrived, we are unable to give an account of the extensive and distressing losses inevitable throughout the district, and we fear the whole state.
COURT OF VICE ADMIRALTY. Nassau, Tuesday, August 5, 1806. Before the worshipfull HENRY MORETON DREYER, Esq. sole judge and commissary. STORK, CORNELL, Master. For sentence on second assignment. Mr. Armstrong, solicitor general, prayed the claim by him given (in behalf of Hersey Bradford, of Bristol, Rhode Island, merchant) to be admitted and the ship, cargo, and private adventure of the master to be restored. Mr. Wyllie, his majesty's advocate general, prayed the said claim to be rejected, & the ship, cargo and private adventure, to be condemned. His honor the judge having heard the said claim and proofs read, and advocates and proctors on both sides thereon, rejected the said claim with respect to the said ship and cargo, and by interlocutory decree pronounced the said ship and cargo to have belonged, at the time of the capture & seizure thereof, to enemies of the crown of G. Britain; and as such, or otherwise subject and liable to confiscation, and condemned the same as good and lawful prize to his majesty's schooner Redbridge, lieutenant Edward Burt, commander, and the private ship of war Fancy, John Mackie, commander; admitted the said claim, with respect to the private adventure of the master, pronounced the same to belong as claimed, and by further interlocutory, decreed restitution thereof to the claimant. The cargo of this ship, consisting of jerked beef, was brought from Buenos Ayres to Bristol, in a ship called the Ann, from which ship upon her arrival at Bristol, the same was immediately transshipped on board of the Stork, for Havana. It did not appear that the property upon such transshipment had been really and bona fide altered, the goods not having been landed at Bristol, nor any duties paid on the importation of the same, which with other concurring circumstances, induced the court to consider this case as a continuous voyage from Buenos Ayres to Havana, merely touching a neutral port, for the purpose of receiving belligerent cruisers as to the real destination from the first setting out on such voyage.
BRITISH HOUSE OF COMMONS. JULY 2.
VACCINE INOCULATION. Lord H. Petty rose in order, pursuant to notice which he had formerly given, to call the attention of the House to the subject of the Vaccine Inoculation. Though this was no political subject; yet it was one so important to the health & to the very existence of multitudes of the human species, that it was as well worthy the attention of the Legislature, as it certainly promised perhaps to eradicate that horrid disorder called the small pox. He would not enter at present into any minute detail on this discovery, as it had on a former occasion been brought before the House by his predecessor. This interesting discovery had been the result of the labors of one eminent physician, who had been for 30 years solely occupied in bringing it to maturity. He began so early as the year 1777, and by a slow gradual progress brought it to what it was now. In 1783, he thought of extending it by inoculation, & hoped by this means to effect the total extinction of the small pox. In 1798, after its beneficial effects had been in some measure ascertained, it was submitted to the public, and began to be generally diffused. In that year it had been adopted in America, not only among the white inhabitants, but also among the Indians with all the success that its greatest admirers could hope for. By the exertions of his royal highness the commander in chief it had been diffused over the coast of the Mediterranean. It had spread also in Russia and in Prussia. But what he wished particularly to call the attention of the House to, as it was the circumstance that made the strongest impression on his mind, was, the success which it had met with in the Austrian dominions. He begged leave to mention one fact. In the year preceding the introduction of the Vaccine Inoculation, the deaths at Vienna, by the small pox, had been 835. In 1802, this discovery having been previously introduced, the number was reduced to 61. In 1803, to 27; and in 1804, to two persons; so that the annual saving, by means of this discovery in that city, was 838 persons.—Yet after this it was melancholy to think, that when the progress was so rapid on the continent of Europe, and even in China, the motion in this country should rather be retrograde. This had been owing to some objection that had been made to the practice; but even these very objections furnished a strong argument for the proposition which he was about to submit to the House. But these objections

had certainly prevailed in retarding the progress of the discovery in this country. In London, in 1802, the deaths by the small-pox had amounted to 1,811. In 1804, they have been reduced to 622. But in consequence of the prejudices against the Vaccine Inoculation, they had in the last year risen to 1,685; so that they were fast approaching to their original amount. Under these circumstances, he had been induced to bring the subject before the legislature; not with a view of proposing any compulsory measure, for he was aware how improper it would be to propose any measure of compulsion in a case where the persons most nearly concerned must be supposed to be the most competent judges where health and happiness were concerned. Yet it was the duty of the Legislature to endeavor to enlighten the minds of the people, and of giving to an useful discovery, all the weight which their approbation could confer upon it; and he hoped the House would strongly feel the importance of this duty. His object was, that the Royal College of physicians should examine into the case, as to the condition of the Vaccine Inoculation in this country, inquire into the causes that retarded its progress, and make a report accordingly. He would propose this with a view to have the report before the House early in the next session, when it would be referred to a committee, in order that the discovery might have that increased action, which, if the report should be favorable, must follow such an enquiry. And if the result should be the confirmation of opinion, as to the great benefits which arose from this discovery, if there was any truth in it, and if the principle was good, notwithstanding the objections which might turn out to be much exaggerated, then it would be for the House to consider whether any reward should be given to Dr. Jenner equal to the important nature of the discovery, consistent with the glory of the British name, which had been thus augmented and extended, and worthy of the dignity and liberality of this House. This would be a subject for after consideration, but certainly when such a valuable discovery had been made among us, we ought not to reject it, but to be the first to adopt it, and make it as extensively useful as possible. He concluded by moving that an humble address be presented to his majesty, requesting that his majesty would direct his Royal College of physicians to inquire into the state of the Vaccine Inoculation in this country, and into the causes that retarded its progress, and report their opinion, and the evidence on which they were founded, and to order that this report should be laid before this House.
Mr. Matthews rose to second the motion. He had at first some doubts as to the usefulness of the discovery, & had attentively watched its progress, & the result was that he was fully convinced of its great value. The small-pox inoculation, he stated, was liable to great objections. Death in many instances ensued: though beneficial to the individuals, it was a magazine of contagion, and it had, besides, the effects of stirring up another disease in the human frame, which was the scrofula. The Cow-pox inoculation was not liable to these objections, and he was of opinion that in the cases in which it had failed, it had not been fairly tried. He had no doubt that posterity would enrol the name of Jenner among those, Inventus qui vitam ex coemere per artet:
Quiques sui memores alios fecere incendo.
Mr. Wilberforce expressed his satisfaction at the subject having been brought forward by the noble lord. He was not surprised that the people of this country had been more slow in allowing the benefits of this discovery, as in a free country, every one was more inclined to judge for himself, and to adhere with stubbornness to his opinion, even when erroneous. The causes of the slow progress of Vaccine Inoculation here, he thought, rather arose from improper matter having been, in some cases used, and from the ignorance of many of the persons who inoculated, and who were not able to distinguish the true from the false species, than from the efforts which had been made to discredit it in some publications, which, as far as he had seen, had been written in such a tone as to render them totally unworthy of attention. He thought, however, that a committee of this House, and of the House of Lords, would have answered better than a report of the College of physicians. He agreed that no compulsion ought to be used, but at the same time he thought, that in cases where the parent chose to persist in inoculating with the small-pox, certain regulations ought to be prescribed them, which should prevent the contagion spreading.
Mr. Windham contended that it was impossible that in a case of this kind, the report of the College of physicians, even in this solemn manner, should not have more weight than the opinion of committees of the Lords and Commons. He agreed as to the mischievous consequences that resulted from a want of care to prevent contagion, but did not think that the care warranted even the degree of restraint recommended by the last speaker.
Motion agreed to, nem. con.
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FOR THE NATIONAL INTELLIGENCER.
THOUGHTS on the subject of NAVAL POWER in the UNITED STATES of AMERICA; and on certain means of encouraging & protecting their Commerce & Manufactures.
NO. I. THE leading ideas in the following papers are produced by a sincere and thorough conviction, that no branch of commerce, nor even trade in general, should be so pursued, permitted, encouraged, or defended by the United States, as to hazard the public liberty at home, the principles of freedom abroad, or taxes on the whole nation, nearly as great as, equal, or superior to the exclusive profits of the mercantile body. We have rejected the example of Europe as to standing armies, political churches, the penal code, and other dangerous errors and aberrations from right; but the splendor and temptations of naval power and external commerce, as established & extended in Europe, have their full share of influence over many persons of great worth and judgment in the United States.
A REVIEW of the nature and practice of the European governments will fully convince us, that the public authority is their principal mean to procure seamen for their navies. The most energetic navy (that of England) is manned by "impressment." This operation is considered, in the U. S. to be conducted on the principles of mere arbitrary government. The happiness of the seamen's families, their comforts, and their necessities, do not seem to be objects of any consideration. The mariner's personal rights, and even his written and signed engagements to serve private persons, British or foreign, under shipping papers or portage bills, are violated without any allowance of damages either to the seaman or the merchant, without punishment, and without censure, and, in ed, often with justification or applause. In manning her navy, G. Britain is in manifestly and completely despotick over her own merchants, sea captains, and mariners, and acts, at present, in like manner even with respect to foreign merchants, captains, & seamen. She undertakes to dictate to her nautical subjects alone, that they shall neglect or violate all their engagements & serve her, and upon terms also dictated by her; for impressed British seamen's wages are fixed by that government. To consult together merely for procuring higher wages, would be treated as a mutiny. If her seamen were to be at liberty to ask and obtain their own rates of wages, and were to be paid at those rates, their navy could not be continued on its present scale. Will the seamen of the U. States submit to a civil regimen in this case, like that of G. Britain? Will the rest of the people of this country consent to such an example of coercion and limitation of wages? Will our legislatures and courts permit or sanction such a regimen to one class of citizens? Will our courts of impeachment and courts martial allow the orders and conduct of civil and military officers, in conformity with such a regimen, to pass unnoticed and unpunished? Do not these considerations deeply affect the practicability of a great naval power, on the principles of the constitutions of the U. States? It may be fairly and prudently asked, Whether a standing naval establishment is not liable to a large proportion of the objections to a standing army; and whether it is not entitled to that name and character, in a very considerable degree? The use which was made of the British navy, in the war of 1775, against the American colonies, even while it was confessedly a civil war, will prove that a naval force can be openly and actively used to destroy the public liberty of a nation at home; and the use, which was made of the British navy in the peaceable year 1792, and in the war of 1793, against France, will prove that it can be used to destroy the principles of public liberty abroad. The dreadful condition of Ireland, upon various occasions, and for many years, is, in a considerable degree, to be ascribed to the state of control in which it has been held by means of the British navy, in which tens of thousands of Irish seamen were enlisted or impressed. Had that country been joined to this continent in 1776, or to that of Europe in 1792, Ireland would have had complete British constitutional liberty or a separation. It is evidence, therefore, that a great navy may destroy liberty, at home and abroad, by force, while the patronage of its appointments and supplies, and the willing dependency of its whole appropriate judiciary power, with the fruits of its rapacious and lawless spoliations, carry servility and corruption into every class of the nation. Similar reflections arise concerning the use of the navy in the slave trade, islands and colonies. These observations are not made from any unfavorable opinions of the individuals who compose our navy, or that of any other nation, but are merely intended to prove, that although a navy has not been thought to endanger public or general liberty in the precise form and manner of an army, it is so justly exceptional on that score, as to require a constitutional prudence in relation to it, as a standing armament in the hands of the government. Every standing public force requires caution, whether it be on the water or on the land.
But it may be observed, that commerce exists, that it is absolutely necessary, and that it is profitable. The carriage of our produce by ships into the consumer's markets is as useful to the growers of that produce as the carriage by wagons. The rights and interests of commerce, as well as the interest of
agriculture, therefore, require that our ships be kept as free as possible from impediments to their voyages, their cargoes from spoliation, and their crews, whether natives or aliens, from foreign impressment. For this purpose, some persons have desired that the U. S. should be immediately made and permanently maintained a considerable naval power. We have suggested for consideration some difficulties and some apparent impediments. It will be determined how far they are inherent in the nature of things in the U. S. how far they are real, and how far they can be acquiesced in or obviated.
If it be supposed for a moment, that these objections are not real, and that they may be obviated, then let us consider the vast expense of a naval establishment.
Great Britain spends annually from seventy millions to eighty-five millions of dollars on her navy. One-tenth of her navy would cost us ten or twelve millions of dollars, which is from 11 to 13 per cent. on all our exports, foreign and American, in the greatest year. It is the whole net profit of our trade, and it is presumed, more. Yet such a limited navy could not, of course, resist a fifth of the fleets of England, nor could it resist the navy held by several other powers, till the British Leviathan lately devoured all the other navies of the old world. The navy of Great Britain is indeed a brilliant instrument of stupendous power; but it has proved, for her finances, a splendid instrument of ruin. It costs her from seventy to eighty-five millions of dollars per annum, in direct expenditures, under regular appropriations, besides a great indirect amount in bounties on sailcloth, on fisheries, and numerous other things in their complicated system of commerce and finance. It is a standing army, as oppressive to foreign nations as the standing armies of the Stuarts and the Cromwells were to the British nation. It has become hostile to the liberty of all at sea, and, so far as it spares the British people themselves, it is because it is employed upon aliens. It involves G. Britain in great odium, and in incessant, bloody, and expensive quarrels and wars of pride, power, and avarice. It facilitates her immense participation in the commerce and slavery of the blacks, and in the cruel and extensive tyranny exercised over India.
Do the United States want such a navy; such an instrument of oppression; such an instrument of defence; such an instrument of offence; such a drain for their wealth; a mill-stone slung around the public neck, to deal destruction to all we may chase to insult, & at the same time to bend the public neck, and sink the public body in the abyss of military expense? The British plea of defence for the fatal expenses of a navy does not exist in the case of the U. States. They are not an island of 70,000 square miles; nor are they near to any foreign enemy; nor have they concentrations of moveable property to tempt and enrich invaders; nor keys of their country in the shape of fortresses or metropolitan cities, by which invaders may hold and command their dominions; nor have they transmarine colonies; nor any commerce which the foreign world can do without. The interest of Europe will prevent the annihilation of a country's trade, which presents them with abundant food and increasing raw materials for their colonies, armies, navies, and manufacturers, and which affords a steady vent and an immense consumption for their manufactured commodities.
If a person of a religious society principled against war or one be loving the war of the time unjust, he impressed, the rights of conscience are violated.
It is of no consequence to this argument, that France afterwards departed from the principles of liberty.
It is difficult to procure correct statements of the British naval expenses down to the present time; but a recurrence to the British New Annual Register, for the years 1801, 1802, and 1803 will show, that the sums of 15,800,000 sterling, equal to 70,220,000 dollars, and 19,012,227. sterling, equal to 84,500,000 dollars, were appropriated for the navy department in two of those years. It is also stated, that 33,000,000 of pounds in navy bills were issued by the government in one of those years, but that 3,000,000 remained locked up in the bank. It is presumed from these facts, and the wonderful exertions of 1804, 5, and 6, that the direct and indirect naval expenses of Great Britain are much greater than has been supposed.
BOSTON, Sept. 4.
By the arrival yesterday of the schooner Adventurer from Bordeaux, we have been favored with Paris papers to the 6th, and Bordeaux papers and letters to the 12th July. The former do not contain any information of interest; nor are they the medium of any continental dates, remote from Paris, of so late a period as those received through the channel of our London Journals. The letters, however, state, that a peace was loudly talked of between that country and G. Britain; and so strong was the probability of this event, that an absolute suspension in the purchase of sugars, coffee, cocoa, &c. had taken place.
RUNAWAY NEGRO.
WAS committed to the jail of Washington county, Maryland, on the 11th day of August (ult.) as a runaway, a negro man, who calls himself WILLIAM SMITH, he is about 28 years old, about 5 feet high to or 11 inches high, and a very likely well made fellow; he had on a floor blue coat, brown linen shirt and trowsers. He says he is a free man; and that he is known in and about George town, Columbia. The owner (if he is a slave) is desired to release him, otherwise he will be sold for his jail fees agreeably to law. N. ROCHASTER, Sheriff of Washington county. September 10—w3t
SALE BY AUCTION.
WILL be sold on the premises at public auction on Saturday the 13th September, at 1 o'clock, the House and Lot now occupied by Judge Barry, at the Navy Yard lying in square 907 from 7th Street. N. L. QUEEN, Auctioneer. September 10—4t
A MILLER.
WANTED immediately, either a single man or one with a small family who can come well recommended for his honesty, industry, and sobriety, and capable of his business, will meet with good accommodations, generous wages, and constant employment by applying to the subscriber near Winchester, Virginia. DAVID CARLILE. September 10—3t
SAMUEL VAIL, & Co.
SUBMIT TO THE PUBLIC THE FOLLOWING PROPOSALS, FOR PUBLISHING AT ST. LOUIS, IN THE LOUISIANA TERRITORY, A WEEKLY NEWSPAPER, MISSOURI CORRESPONDENT, AND ILLINOIS GAZETTE.
PREFATORY to undertaking the Editorial labors of a Newspaper, we presume to offer the following remarks:
While the United States by their rapid progress in population, agriculture, commerce and the arts, are becoming every day more and more powerful and opulent, the limits of our western settlements are widely extending themselves far beyond our ancient boundaries, even to a very great length into our newly acquired territories, beyond the utmost expectation of the most sanguine of our fellow-citizens. Since the important acquisition of Louisiana, comprising a tract of the finest country on the face of the globe—embracing almost every climate between the north and south poles—a tract of country more extensive than all the United States besides, and capable of affording subsistence to more people than all the continent of Europe; with all the necessaries and almost all the luxuries that can possibly be conceived of. We consider this as a rational anticipation, entirely unconnected with anything prophetic or visionary. There are other considerations which operate powerfully upon our minds, and tend absolutely to induce in us a belief, of the growing consequence of the region in question; the citizens of which have a guarantee of all the rights of the citizens of the United States in the constitution; and equally entitled to enjoy the rights and security of life, liberty, property, and reputation, as well from the vitality of any foreign nation, as from Indian war. Although far removed from the present greatest population of the United States, by the compact of federal union, the physical force and power of the nation must be extended to the government and people, for their protection forever, or at least so long as the union exists. In this view of the subject we are compelled to believe, that the period is not far distant, when the face of this healthy and beautiful country, will be covered with a numerous population, and that seminaries of learning will appear throughout the whole—so that the arts and sciences may find their way thither, without the trouble, labor and expense, of importation from abroad. It is believed that no country has yet been discovered, which affords such great temptations to emigrants from the old settled states and foreign countries, as the one of which we are now speaking.
The MISSOURI CORRESPONDENT & ILLINOIS GAZETTE, will always be open for the exposition of public measures. In the discussion of local questions, the Editors will know no party, but will give place to all essays that are couched in decent and correct language. Its columns will contain a summary of the acts and proceedings of Congress during and after their session; and the proceedings of the Legislature of Louisiana and Indiana territories in detail—together with a due portion of political, historical, philosophical, moral, poetical and amusing essays.
Ever mindful of the respect due to a Gazette intended for circulation among a numerous, virtuous and independent people, whose generous patronage we hope to merit and receive—in return for which, it will be our endeavor to become useful members of the community, and cultivate a friendly intercourse with all our patrons.
CONDITIONS.
1. It shall be printed weekly on the day which shall be found best adapted to the purpose of affording the earliest intelligence, and the most speedy distribution of the papers. 2. It shall be printed on a royal sheet, in folio, and on a good type. 3. Subscriptions; price THREE DOLLARS per annum paid in advance, or promissory notes for Four Dollars at the expiration of the year. 4. Advertisements of no more length than a breadth, will be inserted three weeks, for one dollar and fifty cents for each continuance, thirty-seven and a half cents—Those who with their advertisements in the French language, will be accommodated.
RUNAWAY NEGRO.
COMMITTED to the jail of Frederick county, as a runaway, LEVI RILEY, a mulatto, about 22 years of age, 5 feet 4 or 5 inches high, has long wool. His clothing consists of coarse linen shirt and trowsers. He says he is a freeman and previously to his being taken into custody he was engaged in the business of sweeping chimneys. His owner is desired to release him, or he will be sold for his jail fees agreeably to law. GEORGE CREAGER, Sheriff of Frederick county. August 27—w8t
PROPOSALS,
FOR PUBLISHING BY SUBSCRIPTION, THE WORKS OF DR. BENJAMIN FRANKLIN, PHILOSOPHICAL, POLITICAL, AND LITERARY. Hominum rerumque refertor.
THE publication of the writings of Dr. Franklin in a complete edition, was long contemplated by the late Rev. FRANKLIN BACHE, his grandson, who transmitted the copy which was devised to Mr. W. Temple Franklin for the purpose. It was originally designed that the corrected edition should appear in three languages, and in England, Germany, France and America, at the same time. This design was frustrated by the death of W. Temple Franklin, who, it is now believed, sacrificed the work and the business, and trust reposed in him, for money, to the mortal hatred of the English ministry against the deceased.
As soon as this fact was known, the present editor of the Aurora turned his attention to the collection of every paper and circumstance which could tend to preserve and do honor to the memory of a man to whom America is so much indebted; and who, as he was the first that from his genius and talents reflected back lustre on his native country, must continue to be ranked to the latest posterity, among its greatest benefactors and ornaments.
This edition will be published from the copy revised and corrected by Dr. Franklin, the corrections of which are in the handwriting of the author, and may be seen by any gentleman in the possession of the editor of the Aurora.
Early admiration of Dr. Franklin; educated in veneration and reverence of his character—combined with other incidental circumstances not necessary to be pointed out, have concurred to favor the collection by the present editor, of the best materials that could be obtained, after the sacrifice of the work by the devisee.
With some industry, and with some expense he has possessed himself, not only of the copy with the corrections and additions in Dr. Franklin's hand writing; but also of several articles which have never appeared in any former collection, and of several which have never appeared in print.
Proposals would have appeared long since in this city, had not an advertisement of an intended edition, being published in an English print; the present editor thought it might be yet possible that the edition returned, was that which Mr. Temple Franklin was entrusted with; but it now appears that the edition returned is only a reproduction of the former compilation with some small additions; but still very deficient, on a comparison with the corrected papers in the hands of the editor.
The whole will now be carefully collated, and the work executed in a style worthy of the great patriarch of American liberty and spokesman of the American press.
The additional papers will form at least a volume, perhaps more—the authentic papers already printed, form three—and it is intended to begin with the second volume, which will be put to press immediately, and to publish the Biography last, to that such additional particulars as may throw any useful light on the life of this great man, may be engraved on his monuments; to obtain which and other important materials, the editor will spare neither pains nor expense.
Gentlemen who may be possessed of authentic or original papers, or correspondence of Dr. F. or who can give information where any are to be found will render public service by communicating them to the editor.
CONDITIONS. The work shall be elegantly printed, on a new small pica type and pale vellum paper in large octavo.
The work will be ornamented with numerous engravings, a vignette to each volume—a whole length portrait from the best likeness allowed to be in existence, now in the possession of the editor.
The price of each volume will be a dollars 50 cents, payable on delivery only.
Subscriptions will be received at the book-sellers of Wm. Duane, No 106, Market Street, Philadelphia, and in Pennsylvania Avenue, Washington city; and by other booksellers and private gentlemen, whose names will be noticed in the several states of the union, in due time.
August 8—
A BARGAIN.
THE subscriber offers for sale the farm he now occupies, containing near 300 acres with or without the stock thereon. It is distant from the cities of Georgetown and Washington, about five miles, and well known as a healthy situation. There is much fine fruit thereon, and abounds with springs, affording good water as in the United States, a considerable proportion of the land has been in clover, and from thirty to forty acres fit for the feythe the ensuing summer. It is now in a very improving state, being altogether clear of broom, fledge, and from 40 to 50 acres ploughed and prepared for a spring crop, and from 30 to 40 acres well set with wheat and rye—some part of the land is calculated for tobacco; and plaster of paris answers well with it all. The dwelling house and other improvements may with small repairs, be rendered very comfortable—roomy to two growing cities many advantages result in supplying the markets. A purchaser may calculate on a good bargain, particularly if an early application be made. Some part of the purchase money will be required in cash or approved negotiable paper the remainder rendered easy—or negroes received in payment. The subscriber or William Scary residing on the farm will show it when required, and the terms made known by application to Mr. John Thompson, George Town, or Dr. Wm. Thornton Washington.
Isaac Pollock, Fruit Hill, Some Lands calculated for the culture of cotton, Indian corn and small grain, situated on a navigable river in the healthful part of the state of Georgia, will also be sold on reasonable terms or exchanged for negroes. I. P. Jan. 29—12m29t

350 DOLLARS REWARD.
LOPED from the subscriber, residing in Washington, District of Columbia in 1800, a black man named BASIL, of a dark complexion, about 5 feet 8 or 9 inches high, a remarkable wen on his forehead, and has had the first joint of his left fore finger cut off, he is about 50 years old, and has worked at the ship carpenter's and caulker's business, as also at the house carpenter's and wheelwright's business. Also, in November 1805, two negro slaves, named PETER and GERRARD; PETER is of a light complexion, approaching a mulatto, long wool, about 6 feet high, 22 years old, and works as a laborer. GERRARD is rather of a light complexion, short wool, remarkable thick neck, about 5 feet 10 inches high, and a blacksmith by profession. I will give 100 dollars each, for the above mentioned negroes, if confined in any jail so that I get them again. Also, on the 14th of August 1806, a negro woman named BEZZIE, aged about 34 years, 5 feet 6 inches high, and of a light complexion, but not mulatto, she took with her several pieces of wearing apparel, among which are recollected a black hutching habit, and a light ground calico; she carried off with her an only child named HARTON, a boy about three years old, well grown and remarkable for a protruberance on his naval, it is supposed she will seek him either in an oblong hock, or in a red flannel jacket and pantalettes. I will give 50 dollars reward for the above mentioned negro woman, if confined in any jail so that I get her again, and will pay all reasonable charges if brought home.
ROBERT ALEXANDER. Sept. 3d—3wep.
M. B. It is supposed they all have forged certificates of freedom, therefore all masters of vessels and others are warned not to harbor or carry them off.
**The Editors of the Aurora, Citizen, and Independent Chronicle, are requested to insert the foregoing advertisement three times in their respective papers, and to transmit their accounts to the Editor of the National Intelligencer for settlement.
THE SUBSCRIBER HAS just supplied his shop in F street with a complete assortment of fresh Medicines & Drugs , among which are Spermaceti & Linseed oils—also Paints of every description. THOMAS PATTERSON. Washington city, June 23—tf
Sale of Valuable Property AT MY HOUSE.
THE Land which I have heretofore advertised and fully described I now again offer on the same terms to the highest bidder on Monday the 22nd of next month, together with a valuable woman qualified for either house or field work, a well grown boy and a lufly girl, both of whom are able to do good work, and three young girls. The woman to serve to years, the boy until he is 25, and the girls to 30 years of age. These negroes will be sold for cash or negotiable notes at 60 days. Also a variety of household and kitchen furniture, plantation implements of husbandry, horned cattle, horses, sheep and hogs. For all sums of 30 dollars or under the cash must be paid. Above 30 dollars and not exceeding 50 dollars, a credit of 3 months will be given from 50 to 60 six months, from 60 to 100, nine months, and for all above 100 dollars 12 months, all on security with interest from the date. The sale to commence at 11 o'clock and continue from day to day till completed. GEORGE LEE. Charles County, Aug. 20—tdof
LEONARD TOWN JOCKEY CLUB RACES.
ON the 2nd and Tuesday in October next, a PURSE of Forty Guineas will be run for over a handsome course—heats four miles, free for any horse, mare, or gelding, agreeable to the rules of the Club, & on the following day a Purse of 20 Guineas will be run for over same course, heats two miles, free as aforesaid, only excepting the winning horse of the preceding day. By order of the Club, E. J. MILLARD, Sec. Sept. 2—eptr
PROPOSALS
FOR a Contract to supply fresh BEEF for the Navy in ordinary, for six calendar months, will be received at the Navy Yard, Washington, until Saturday the 13th inst. THOMAS TINGEY, Commandant. Sept. 3—tt33
On a liberal credit.
THE subscriber will dispose of at private sale, his estate called Chichester, lying on the eastern branch, immediately opposite the city of Washington. This tract of land containing 697 acres is laid off in lots from 23 to 144 acres for the convenience of purchasers. Plats of the estate and the terms of sale are in the hands of colonel Hanson at the navy yard, and Charles Wayman of George Town. The lots will be shown by Mr Wedden, living on the premises, near the Eastern Branch bridge. ANTHONY ADDISON. Barnesby, 14th June 1805—tf
TEN DOLLARS REWARD.
Ranaway from Pettworth, the farm of John Taylor, eq. near Washington city on Thursday the 15th ult. a negro boy by the name of BILL about 19 years of age, of a yellow cast, of middling stature and well made; his clothing an old fur hat, and old brown broadcloth coat and coarse brown linen shirt and trowfers, his countenance naturally good, but will show guilt immediately on being questioned—whosoever will take up said boy and deliver him to C. Bailey at the place he went from or to the subscriber at Neabsco Furnace near Dumfries Virginia shall receive the above reward beside what the law allows. THOMAS T. PAGE, agent for John Taylor, eq. at Neabsco. July 9—4t&wtf
STELLE'S HOTEL & CITY TAVERN.
THE Subscriber takes this method of thanking his friends and the public for their favors whilst on the Capitol Square and begs leave to acquaint them that he has taken the Shadwell Hotel lately erected by Mr. Carroll , near the Capitol. The hotel being above one hundred feet in front, and containing fifty rooms accommodation to members of Congress and travellers which can be expected in a public house. PONTIUS D. STELLE. Washington City, March 23—tf N. B.—P. D. S. will rent the house lately occupied by him on the adjoining square.
FOR SALE,
AT Bath (Berkeley Springs) Virginia, a HOUSE & LOT thereto belonging (late the property of Thomas Palmer, deceased.) The premises are calculated for a genteel family, or would make an excellent Boarding house, having thereon a smoke house, coach house and stables, with a garden laid out with much taste and inclosed with a good board fence. Also near the town, are for sale, SEVEN acres of LAND, inclosed with a stone wall. The whole will be sold very low, or exchanged for property in or near any of the large towns or cities. Apply to John Davidson, Washington city, or to Wm. Alexander, eq. Bath, aforesaid. Note.—If not sold, it will be let for the season. April 16—tf
50 DOLLARS REWARD.
SCOLEN out of the subscriber's pasture in Loudoun county in the night of the 26th June, a bright BAY MARE with a bald face, the left hind foot white, the right hip a little lower than the other, a mark like a seam down the hoof of the right hind foot, and it is different in shape from the other; about 13 hands and 1-2 high, three years old last spring, a natural trotter, had on when she was taken three shoes. Whoever will apprehend the thief and secure the mare so that the owner may get her again, and the iden brought to conviction, shall have the above reward or for the mare only twenty-five dollars and all reasonable charges. WILLIAM NICHOLS. Loudoun county, Vir. July 11—3w
CHARLES H. VARDEN,
Merchant Taylor New Jersey Avenue, near the Capitol. RESPECTFULLY informs the gentlemen of the district of Columbia, that he has received by late arrivals at Philadelphia from London, a fresh supply of the best superfine cloths, cassimeres, &c. with a choice assortment of plain nankeens, cotton cassimeres, India nankeens, blue and yellow, fashionable Traisgar white and fancy Mercilles, with a variety of other articles suitable for the summer. N. B. Ladies habits, regimentals, and navy uniforms made in the best style of fashion. Richard Starwell's new invented patent elastic suspender, which are far superior to any heretofore in use, can be had on the same terms as at his manufactory. June 23—tf
Treasury Department of the United States, June 21, 1806.
WHEREAS the commissioners of the Sinking fund, at a meeting held on the 28th day of April, 1806, did resolve, that the sum remaining to complete the expenditure of the annual appropriation of eight millions of dollars, should among other purposes be applied to the reimbursement of the navy six per cent. stock, created in pursuance of an act of Congress passed on the 30th day, June, 1798 and to the reimbursement of the five and half per cent. stock, created in pursuance of an act of Congress, passed on the 3d day of March, 1795.
This is therefore to give notice, that the principal of the said navy six per cent. stock, with the interest due thereon, will on surrender of the certificates, be paid on the 1st day of October next ensuing the date hereof, to the respective stockholders or their lawful representatives or attorneys duly constituted and authorized, either at the Treasury, or at the Loan office, as the case may be, where credits have been given for the amount of stock, respectively held by them: and that the principal of the five and half per cent. stock, with the interest due thereon, will in like manner, and at the same places, be paid on the 1st day of January, 1807, to the respective stockholders, or their lawful representatives or attorneys duly constituted and authorized.
It is further made known, for the information of the parties concerned, that no transfers of the navy six per cent. stock, either from or to the books of the treasury, or from or to the books of a Commissioner of Loans, will be allowed after the 1st day of September ensuing, nor of the five and half per cent. stock, after the 1st day of December ensuing. And the interest on all certificates of said stocks, which shall not have been surrendered, in pursuance of this notification, will cease and determine, on the day preceding the day hereby fixed for the reimbursement thereof. ALBERT GALLATIN, Secretary of the Treasury. June 23—tf
ELIAS B. CALDWELL,
ATTORNEY AT LAW, HAS removed his Office, to the house lately occupied by Mr. Law, on Capitol Hill. Washington, July 26—tf
TO RENT,
THE COMMODOIOUS BRICK STORE near the CAPITOL, now in the occupation of Messrs. P. HEALY & Co. Possession to be given on the 1st of May. Enquire of Frederick May. March 28—4t
PROPOSALS FOR PUBLISHING
Geographical Description OF ALL THE STATES & TERRITORIES IN THE UNION, In separate volumes; with a particular, and correct description of the several counties and towns, in each state. Illustrated with Maps,
By JOSEPH SCOTT, Author of the United States' Gazetteer , the Modern Geographical Dictionary in 4 vol. oct. a Geographical Dictionary of the United States of North America , &c. &c.
THE geographical description of each of the larger states, with the counties, towns, &c. will form a neat little volume of about 150 pages. Two of the smaller states may form a volume, or one of them may be comprised in the same volume with a larger adjoining state, as Maryland and Delaware. Each volume will be complete in itself; so that subscribers may take one, two, &c. or the whole number. The paper, type, and size of the page, will exactly correspond with the description of Pennsylvania, now published; so that subscribers for the whole may have two or more bound together to suit their own taste.
They will be published neatly done up in boards. The description of each state will be embellished with a handsome map. It is supposed that the whole will amount to about FOURTEEN LITTLE VOLUMES. A general description of the United States will be given in the last, which will render the whole the fullest, and most correct geographical description of the United States, that has hitherto been published.
The plan, which the author has adopted, is the most comprehensive that could be suggested, as it will comprise under proper and distinct heads, every thing worthy of notice. No money will be required till on the delivery of the work. The Price of each Volume will be Fifty Cents.
The next volume will contain, a Geographical description of MARYLAND and DELAWARE, illustrated with a Map of each state . The work is nearly ready for the press, and will soon be published. The Editors of newspapers, in Maryland, are requested to insert the above proposals twice. They will be paid on the publication of the work. August 10—
JUST PUBLISHED.
AND FOR SALE, At Mr. Morford's and Bailey and Wallace's Book stores, Broad-street, and at the Courier Office, PRICE, 13 1/2 CENTS; A pamphlet on the importance of cultivating the BOURBON COTTON, by the Agricultural Society of the Bahama Islands.
The very great importance of this pamphlet to the Planters of this state, and every other cotton country, has induced its publication. It consists of copious extracts of letters from Cotton Planters of the different islands; and the amount of their general evidence is that the Bourbon Cotton is decidedly preferable to the Anguilla or Georgia Cotton; that it is of quick growth and produces earlier than the common cotton; that it yields about 150 lb. of clear cotton to the acre; but the greatest advantage is, that it is secure from the ravage of the caterpillar, which so often blasts the hopes of our planters. This subject is deserving the attention of our planters, and this pamphlet is recommended to their examination as the probable means of increasing the value of their crops. Charleston, S. C. Aug. 15—*
CHASE'S TRIAL.
This day is Published By SAMUEL H. SMITH. T R I A L OF SAMUEL CHASE, An ASSOCIATE JUSTICE of the Supreme Court of the United States, IMPEACHED By the House of Representatives, for HIGH CRIMES AND MISDEMEANORS, before the Senate of the United States. Taken in short hand, By SAMUEL H. SMITH & THOMAS LLOYD. In Two large Octavo Volumes—in Boards, price—to subscribers four dollars and a half—and to non-subscribers five dollars.
A much greater delay has been incurred in the publication of this trial than the Editor contemplated. He has, however, the satisfaction of saying that no effort has been omitted by him to give it to the public at an earlier period. The delay has arisen from the revision of the speeches of the Managers and Counsel. The publication might long since have been made in a less perfect dress; but it was deemed highly desirable that in a case which, independently of its own importance might be a precedent in future times, to sacrifice time rather than precision. The work now appears before the public, with the expedition of the Editor that it will be considered as meriting the character of an impartial, comprehensive and faithful statement of facts. All the speeches have been revised, and inserted at length, in connection with whatever else formed a part of the trial. Editors of other prints will confer a benefit by inserting this advertisement a few times in their papers.
Scheme of Lottery No. V.
FOR the encouragement of Literature, and for improving the Navigation between Troy and Waterford, and for other purposes.
 1 Prize of D. 30,000 is D. 30,000  1 20,000 20,000  1 10,000 10,000  1 5,000 5,000  2 2,000 4,000  3 1,000 3,000  10 500 5,000  30 200 6,000  80 100 8,000  120 50 6,000  400 20 8,000  7100 10 71,000  4000 8 32,000 
11752 prizes, 23449 Blanks. 35000 tickets at 6 dollars each, is 210,000
Less than two blanks to a prize—subject to a deduction of 15 per cent. Prizes payable thirty days after the conclusion of the drawing. The first 4000 blanks will be entitled to 3 dollars each.
 1st drawn number 1st. day, whether blank or prize, D. 10,000  10th 2,000  15th 1,000  20th 5,000  25th 1,000  30th 10,000  35th 1,000  40th 20,000  45th 1,000 
A company of gentlemen in the city of New York having contracted with the managers for the unford tickets, the drawing will commence on the second Tuesday in December next, and will be continued at the rate of 600 tickets per day until completed, excepting the last day when there will remain 800 to be drawn.
Tickets in the above lottery will continue to be sold by the managers at the original price of 6 dollars each until the second Tuesday in September next, on which day all that remains unford will be delivered to the contractors.
THOMAS STORM, DANIEL HALL, SOLOMAN SCHURWICK, JOHN H. SICKLES, JOHN L. BROOMER, August 15—*
Proposals
FOR PUBLISHING BY SUBSCRIPTION, PYRROLOIMOGIA, Or; Inquiries into the PESTILENCE CALLED THE YELLOW FEVER.
CONTAINING the history of its symptoms and prevalence in different parts of the world; a comparative statement of all controversies respecting its origin, modes of propagation and treatment; with an attempt towards a new theory of the electrical phenomena and galvanic influence arising from terraqueous & pitrial exhalations, which explains the causes of pestilential diseases, their remedies and preventatives.
By FELIX PASCALIS, M. D. Of New York, Formerly Physician and Member of the Board of Health in the state of Pennsylvania, Honorary Member of the Medical Societies of Philadelphia, and of Connecticut; and Associate to other American and European Literary institutions.
The author has been a medical practitioner in Philadelphia during seven epidemic recurrences of the Yellow Pestilence. To enlarge the sphere of his experimental observations on that interesting subject, he has lately travelled in the south of Spain, and also visited South Carolina, where that disease has by many, been supposed to be endemic. With so many motives to trust to his opinions, the author wishes, notwithstanding, to be honored with the support of the learned in the U. States, who have had so many more opportunities than those of Europe to exercise their judgment on a subject highly important to the welfare of this country—a country with which many European nations frequently interdict the intercourse of their subjects as if it were absolutely the abode of pestilence. Whatever claims the author may imagine he derives from his experience, he will, however, thankfully receive any documents contrary to the theory he proposes. He, therefore, respectfully solicits communications tending either to establish or to invalidate the truth of an Electrical and Galvanic influence, &c. as a cause of pestilential diseases. Such interesting papers on these subjects as he shall be favored with previously to the first of November next (post paid) will be gratefully acknowledged and duly noticed, unless otherwise requested.
CONDITIONS.
This work shall be printed in a handsome style, on fine wove paper and new type, as soon as a sufficient number of subscribers shall be obtained to defray the necessary expenses. It will be comprised in two volumes octavo, each volume containing more than 300 pages; to be delivered to subscribers in boards at Five Dollars the set, or handsomely bound and lettered at Six Dollars. Subscriptions received at the Courier office No. 1. Broad street. Charleston, Aug. 15—*
A FACT.
THOSE indebted to me must make immediate payment, as I am determined to close my books finally, and all accounts which are not settled in a very short time will be put in a way for collection. Finding it very unpleasant, and troublesome to make collections, shall for the future sell for CASH only, which will be much more to my satisfaction, and give me the pleasure to do business quick, and twenty per cent. lower than any person who sells on a credit. Shall have for sale a handsome assortment of seasonable, substantial and fashionable goods; and be giving the best prices Cash for Tobacco imported in this place. ROMULUS RIGGS. George Town, August 23—epsw
Valuable Property, for SALE.
THE subscriber offers for sale the following very valuable property: About 1000 acres of good land in Culpepper county in Virginia, lying on Flat run, and distant 30 miles from Fredericksburg, and 60 from Alexandria and Washington. The improvements are extensive, consisting of a large commodious dwelling house, and every other necessary building on an extensive scale, and all in order. The soil is calculated for the culture of Indian corn, wheat and tobacco and also produces grasses of all kinds. A three story brick house in the town of Alexandria, at the corner of King and Columbia streets, 40 by 20 feet, now occupied by Mr. John Roberts. It is calculated either for a store or dwelling house; also, a valuable unimproved lot, in the same town, on King's street.
In the city of Washington, an elegant three story BRICK HOUSE, on F street, now in the occupation of Mr. Madison, with the framed building adjoining; a two story Brick House on M street fronting the Navy Yard, 34 by 24 feet, suited for both a store and dwelling; a two story Brick House, 34 by 22 feet, on square 88r, lying between the Capitol and Navy Yard.
The dwelling house and brewery now in lease to Dr. Coningham, two squares above the Navy Yard, on the Eastern branch, eminently calculated for a most extensive brewery and distillery; also, the valuable wharf on which the fame stands, suited for a Lumber yard.
The dwelling house now live in, with five unimproved lots adjoining, and an unimproved lot fronting the President's square.
Terms, one third cash. For the balance will be given a credit of 6, 12 and 18 months, with interest; or will be taken for said balance, lands in the Mississippi territory, in the vicinity of Natchez, or young negroes at a fair valuation.
Should not the Virginia Lands be sold before the 26th of October next, 700 acres of them will be offered for lease on good terms.
Apply to Robert B. Voss, of Culpepper county, col. Geo. Denele, of Alexandria, or to the subscriber in the city of Washington near the navy yard. NICHOLAS VOSS. Sept. 3—tm.
Lots in Washington for Sale.
I will sell by public sale to the highest bidder at Rhode's tavern in the city of Washington on Wednesday the 1st of October next at 11 o'clock, A.M. LOTS numbers 13 and 14 in Square No. 321 in said city. These lots lie at a very little distance from the Branch Bank.
Six months credit will be given. The payment to be secured by notes negotiable at the bank of Columbia suitably endorsed. JOHN MURDOCH. Georgetown, September 3—tdof
60 DOLLARS REWARD.
RANAWAY from the subscriber living in Prince George's county on Sunday the 29th inst. the three following slaves—a mulatto young man who calls himself BILL STEWART, he was born at Montgomery court house, was once the property of Honoré Martin, was purchased of him by the late Rich. Confee who sold him to me; he is a likely well made fellow about 21 years of age, 5 feet 10 inches high, his hands and feet are large; the evening before he absconded he had his hair cut close; he had with him a variety of clothing, viz. 1 blue coat and overalls, one light colored bearskin coat and overalls, 1 swansdown waistcoat, 3 fine Irish linen shirts and some coarse shirts, three muslin neckcloths, a fine hat, price 7 dollars; he took away a prayer book, in the first page of which is written Mary Duckett.
JOE who calls himself Joe Grimes, alias Graham, and HARRY, both young negro men about 21 years of age—the clothing of these cannot be described. Joe has one of his arms broken near the wrist, which makes it longer than the other; when he is spoken to he speaks fast as if his tongue was too large for his mouth. Harry, I am informed, has several large scars on his body and one of his thighs occasioned by burns when he was young.
The above reward will be paid for confining the three in jail, or 50 dollars for confining Bill in jail so that I get him again. WALTER BOWIE. July 7—2awtf
Twenty Dollars Reward.
WILL be given for apprehending and securing in jail a young Mulatto man named ANDREW. He was hired by me last year to Mr. Joseph Thomas who keeps the mid. Is ferry to Alexandria, and absconded from that place about the latter end of August last. He is about 23 years of age, 5 feet 8 or 9 inches high, lufly and well made, has short curly hair, and is frequently subject to have several large pimples on his face. He is reckoned to be a sensible fellow of an easy agreeable address for a man in his low sphere of life. As he has not been heard of by me since his employment, I suppose he has had the address to ship himself as a freeman on board some vessel either at Alexandria or Baltimore. Whosoever takes him up and secures him in jail shall receive from me the above reward, or as soon due information thereof is given to me or to Dr. N. P. Caudin at Port Tobacco. G. B. CAUSIN. Maryland Charles County, January 29—wtf
RUNAWAY NEGRO.
WAS committed to the jail of Frederick county Maryland, the 7th day of May last, as a runaway, a negro man named PHILIP; he is about 24 years of age, about 5 feet high is very black, and his clothing is ragged that it is impossible to give a description of it. He says he formerly belonged to a Mr. Wm. Boyd, of Frederick county, Virginia, and after his death was sold to a man by the name of John Henderson, of one of the Carolina towns. The owner is desired to release the said negro, otherwise he will be sold for his jail fees agreeably to law. GEORGE CREAGER, Sheriff Frederick county. August 27—w3t