The national intelligencer and Washington advertiser. (Washington City [D.C.]), 1804-04-30 00:00:00

NATIONAL INTELLIGENCER,
A N D
WASHINGTON ADVERTISER.
VOL. IV.
WASHINGTON CITY, PRINTED BY SAMUEL HARRISON SMITH, PENNSYLVANIA AVENUE.
No. DLVI.
FIVE DOLLS. PER ANN.
MONDAY, APRIL 30th, 1804.
PAID IN ADVANCE.
LIVERPOOL, March 14. CONSPIRACY IN FRANCE.
The internal affairs of France, after a long interval, begin again to assume an interesting aspect. A conspiracy is said to have been discovered against the life of the First Consul, in which the two renowned Generals, Moreau and Pichegru, are deeply implicated, as well as the Citoyen-leader, Georges, who has for some time past resided in this country. Ample details of Moreau's arrest and the proceedings which have attended it in Paris, have been already given. The subject, as might be expected, has given rise to much speculation among our countrymen, as to the truth or falsehood of the charges. It is, perhaps, premature to offer a decided opinion; but a variety of considerations render it probable that the whole is a political stratagem, caused by the fears and jealousies which Bonaparte entertains of the great military talents, of the amiable character and the influence of this very distinguished officer over the army, as well as over a vast majority of the French nation.
Whatever may be the feelings of Moreau, either against the Consul or democracy, for it must not be forgotten that on the very day when he achieved one of his greatest victories over the Austrians, his father was guillotined in Paris, on suspicion of being an Aristocrat, we cannot bring ourselves to think that he could indulge in so extravagant a scheme as that of reinstating the Bourbons on the Throne of France.
The great mass of Frenchmen who have joined the revolution, have committed crimes, or purchased national prosperity, all dread the Bourbons as their greatest enemies, while they regard Moreau as the only restraint upon the tyranny of Bonaparte, and in the event of the overthrow of the present government, their principal security against the restoration of the Bourbons, and the consequent punishment of their crimes. Bonaparte also knows that if the Bourbons possess the unavailing piety of Princes, Moreau has commanded their admiration, is worthy of their esteem, and has the good wishes of all the disappointed patriots, philosophers, and republicans. Every lover of freedom is his friend, while Bonaparte is now disliked by all men of every country, who understand his character; he who promised his dupes universal liberty as the certain fruit of the revolution, and now makes them drink the bitter dregs of slavery and oppression.
The blow which Bonaparte is now striking, has been long preparing. He never regarded the Bourbons as dangerous rivals; but both Pichegru and Moreau gave him great uneasiness. They had like himself, revolutionary claims to supreme power; they had served their country with equal honor and advantage. They had also the advantage of being Frenchmen; and they had no crimes with which to reproach themselves. They had besides many friends in the armies, composed chiefly of young men, to whom the Bourbons were only known by name, and in a country where the Bourbons were the objects of universal calumny; and every means had been used to excite a prejudice against them. Had it indeed, been Moreau's intention to effect a change in the present government of his country, his conduct would have been totally different. He would have flattered Bonaparte, he would have accepted the distinguished command which was offered him in the army of England; he would have employed his well-known influence with the soldiery to have effected a revolution; in their protection he would have been safe. As it was, he evidently trusted in the innocence and integrity of his heart, in his retired habits, in an unimpeached character—but alas! in such a government, he who trusts in these, trusts in the worst of all possible supports.
Bonaparte has selected for his victim the man of all others whose talents can outweigh his own; the ruin of Moreau, he thinks, will seal his own security, and this new state plot seems merely a political stratagem to free himself from a rival whom he dreads and detests. The consequences may, however, prove fatal to his own power, and in eliminating them, considerable reference must be made to the character and influence of Moreau.
His exploits in Germany—his famous retreat—and the result of the battle of Hohenlinden, which far outshone in splendour of achievement that of Magenta, are known to all Europe. These
are necessaries of much weight, but there are other parts of his character of more consideration under the present circumstances. He was justly regarded in Paris as the only General, Lecourbe excepted, who had returned from his campaigns with "clean hands." He brought back with him the esteem and respect of the German provinces which he had overrun, and had combined with that, by some rare felicity, the affectionate regard of the officers whose hands he had tied up from plunder. Of the elimination from which he is held in Paris, it will be only necessary to state one circumstance. When Bonaparte was sitting out for Dijon, on his way across the Alps to Italy, he caused the Senate to be summoned as to their choice of a successor; but when he learned that 19 out of 20 voices were in favour of Moreau, the proposition was suffered to fall to the ground. There is yet more to be said with respect to the popularity of Moreau. The French officers who served under him were most shamefully neglected by Bonaparte, who lavished all his favours on those who had accompanied him in Italy and in Egypt.
The former of course, look up to Moreau for protection, and many of them have been heard to say, "that their fates were bound up with his!" Let it not be said that we are profuse of praise to Moreau. We only state what we know, in order to serve an honest English purpose. We wish to convince the public—and a most consoling conviction it must prove—that such a man, reposing under the shade of his laurels, abstaining from all political discussion, and refusing all the tinsel honors of the new government, cannot be led either to the dungeon or the scaffold, without the circumstance exciting the utmost indignation not only in the provinces, but what is of more importance, in the armies of France. It is impossible to look to this statement, and not to discern in it the germs of a civil war. Either one or the other of these two cases must happen. If Moreau be murdered by a Military Tribunal, then the ranking discontent of the Army and the people will soon tumble the Consul from his ill-gotten seat of power. If, on the contrary, his trial is suffered to proceed according to the ordinary process of law, his friends who are numerous and attached, will have leisure to rally around him, and make the necessary preparations to save him from the hands of his sanguinary assassin. We have no inclination to indulge in political predictions, yet we will venture to aver, that with the fate of this man that of the First Consul is involved.
In arguing thus, we do not mean to contend that no conspiracy has been formed against the Consul, but we wish to shew the atrocity of Bonaparte's mind and heart in attempting to take away the life of Moreau.
PARIS, FEB. 17.
The arrestation of Gen. Moreau was announced to the troops of the Capital and adjoining departments, by the following proclamation of General Murat, the Governor of Paris, in general orders:
Head Quarters at Paris, 26th Pluviose, February 15th.
SOLDIERS,
Fifty brigands, the impure remnants of the civil war, that the English government kept in reserve during the peace, because it meditated to repeat that crime which had failed on the 3d Nivose, had arrived by night, and proceeded in small bodies to Belville, they have penetrated even to the Capital. Georges and the Ex General Pichegru were at the head of them. Their approach had been invited by a man of consideration in our rank, by General Moreau, who was yesterday placed in the hands of the justice of the nation. Their project after having assassinated the First Consul, was to give up France to a civil war, and to the terrible convulsions of Counter Revolution.
The camps of Boulogne, Montreuil, Bruges, Saintes, Toulon and Brest, the armies of Italy, Hanover and Holland, were no longer to have commanded peace. Our glory was to have perished with our liberty; but all those plots have failed. Ten of those brigands are arrested—the Ex General Lajolais, the procurer of this infernal conspiracy, is in prison—the police upon the point of taking Georges and Pichegru. A new embarkation of twenty of those brigands has now taken place: but they are surrounded with ambuscades, and will soon be taken. In these circumstances so affecting to the heart of the First Consul, we, soldiers of the nation,
will be the first to make a shield for him with our bodies, and we will conquer his enemies and those of France.
The General in Chief, Commander of Paris,
MURAT.
The General of Brigade, Chief of the Staff,
CESAR BERTHIER.
The conspiracy against the Consul, and the arrest of Gen. Moreau, were proclaimed in the following manner:
Camp of St. Omer's, Head Quarters, Boulogne, 29th Pluviose, [Feb. 10] 1804.
SOLDIERS,
Your attitude, your labours, and your vigilance, made England tremble. Despairing of being able to resist the impulse of your courage, and the ascendancy of the First Consul's genius, the British government, accustomed to crimes, formed the most perfidious plots, and intended to accomplish them by the most odious instruments. The life of the First Consul was threatened, the better to succeed in those projects of iniquity, to the disgusting remains of La Vendee, were joined men who had formerly figured in our ranks, and we have seen united under the same banner, Georges and Lajolais, Moreau and Pichegru. But the plot has failed. France will complete its high destinies, and Bonaparte will live to secure them. The conspirators are either arrested or have fled. Moreau is arrested: Lajolais is in prison; the police is following the footsteps of Georges and Pichegru. A great number of those perverse and hired brigands are now in the power of justice, and in a short time it will have overtaken the impure remnant of this band, which is now dispersed. Soldiers, dismiss all fear: the life of the First Consul is no longer in danger. These dark machinations which threatened us all, last but for a moment, and end in the shame and despair of their guilty authors. We, who are placed in the first rank in front of that hostile nation, we will be the shield of the Hero. One only thought, one only feeling animates us all, and that is to defend that life, upon which the glory, prosperity and happiness of France as well as the honor of the French name, depends. The report of the Grand Judge, the Minister of Justice, will lay open to you the whole plan of this horrible conspiracy. The Commander in Chief,
(Signed)
SOULT.
ARREST OF MOREAU, &c.
The following particulars of this affair are given in a letter, dated, Paris Feb. 20, in a Hamburg paper:
Gen. Moreau has been transferred from the Abbey to the Temple, where nobody is allowed admittance to him. Even his wife has not been permitted to see him. When Gen. Moncey, inspector of Gen-d'armerie, at the head of fifty troopers, met him on the road from Grosbois to Paris, he stopped the coachman, went into the carriage, and told him that he was extremely sorry for the task imposed on him, but that he had orders to arrest him, and carry him to the Abbey. Moreau, without giving any answer, thrust his head out at the window, and called to the coachman, 'Drive to the Abbey.'
The coachman leapt from the box, and coming to the door said, 'General let who will drive you to the Abbey, I won't.'—On which one of the troopers took his place.
Mal. Moreau is pregnant; but the reports that she had miscarried, that she had fallen down and hurt herself severely, on hearing of the arrest of her husband, are unfounded. It is said Bonaparte is infinitely affected at Moreau being involved in this business. It was long ere he would believe any thing against Moreau. Madame Bonaparte, is as likewise said, is much touched, and has repeatedly declared that she would give every thing she has in the world if Moreau should be found innocent.
It is said one of the causes of difference between Pichegru and Moreau, was that the latter refused to act directly for Louis XVIII. Others say, but without sufficient authority, that a letter of Moreau exists, in which he says; 'I will not murder Bonaparte; the plot must be pure; I must see what I have to do.'
It is said that Moreau has been examined by the Grand Judge, in presence of the First Consul. Moreau denied all the charges brought against him, and particularly insisted on the improbability of his being connected with Pichegru, whom he had formerly denounced.
It is said that Pichegru played some part on this occasion. He suddenly came to Paris from Brest, and spent four hours in conference with the First Consul at Malmaison.
Madame De Damas, it is said has been arrested; and likewise general Delmas.
A person of the name of Roland was arrested at the opera, and carried before the counsellor of state, Real, charged with the Police department. Real asked him if he knew why he was arrested. He answered No. He was asked if he had not lately lodged in his house certain suspicious persons. He admitted that Pichegru had lately paid him a visit, and that he had entertained him as an old friend. He at first denied that he had lent Pichegru his carriage to visit Moreau; but on being told that his coachman had confessed, he admitted it. He said, however, that Pichegru used to take a fiacre daily, and drive to St. Magdalene's church in the neighbourhood of which Moreau lived. He then went on foot to Moreau's in the Rue d'Anjou, and returned to the fiacre.
As Roland thought every thing discovered he told all he knew. Among other things he said that Pichegru was much dissatisfied with Moreau, who had written him that every thing was ready for a coup-de-main—that he had a great party in the army, the Senate, and the Legislative Body. When he arrived, however, he found no party, and nothing prepared.
Madame De Damas, it is said, has been liberated on the application of Madame Bonaparte.
PARIS, Feb. 29.
Pichegru was arrested yesterday morning in the street Chabanais. He had slept the preceding night in Rue Vivienne. Some days before he was near the Pantheon: he changed his lodgings frequently. Several of these places of abode cost him from 10 to 15000 francs. Six gens d'arms and an agent of police, entered his room so unexpectedly, that he had no time to make use of his pistol or the dagger which lay on his table; he endeavoured however to defend himself, and wrestled with the gens d'armes for a quarter of an hour. He tried to excite their compassion for his fate; but one of them replied (according to the official Journal) "Go, we know you no longer—you arrived loaded with English gold—you have become the hired assassin of the English—he that betrays his country, ceases to be a Frenchman."
ST. OMERS, Feb. 16.
Artillery, field equipage, and warlike stores for more than 150,000 men, are now in readiness, and every thing may be in motion in less than 48 hours. The camp at Dunkirk has been reinforced with 8000 men. Every thing appears to indicate that the expedition against England will take place in the course of next month. Towards the end of February, Bonaparte is expected at Boulogne, where Gen. Soult has this day reviewed the troops. A guard of honor is in readiness at Arras for the reception of Bonaparte. Two ships of the line of 74 guns are now building at Antwerp.
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April 16—Top. 20th May.
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AMOS A. WILLIAMS.
March 9—w6t.
CONGRESS.
House of Representatives.
TUESDAY, February 28.
Debate on the bill from the Senate, providing a "Government for Louisiana."
(Continued.)
Mr. LUCAS was against the rising of the committee, inasmuch as the bill under consideration offered the widest field for discussing the subject before them, and inasmuch as it was proper, that the principles of it should be settled by a majority, to enable a select committee to collect the sense of the House. When this decision should have taken place, he should have no objections to a recommittal for the purpose of modifying the bill in compliance with it.
It was known that by the treaty the United States are bound to leave to the people of Louisiana a large portion of liberty and security of rights, as though they remained under the government of France and Spain; and he trusted the bill as it stood, secured to them much more. As an instance, it might be mentioned that the privilege of habeas corpus had never been enjoyed by them while they were connected with either Spain or France. An argument was drawn from the treaty, that these people are to be admitted to the absolute enjoyment of the rights of citizens; but gentlemen would not deny, that the time when, and the circumstances under which this provision of the treaty was to be carried into effect, were submitted to the decision of Congress. It has been remarked, that this bill establishes elementary principles of government never previously introduced in the governments of any territory of the United States. Granting the truth of this observation, it must be allowed that the United States had never before devolved upon them, the making provision for the government of people under such circumstances. Governors must not rest on theory, but must raise their political structures on the state of the people for whom they are made; Mr. Lucas said, that without wishing to reflect on the inhabitants of Louisiana, he would say they were not prepared for a government like that of the United States. Governed by Spanish officers, exercising authority according to their whim, supported by a military force, it could not be said that a people thus inured to despotism, were prepared on a sudden to receive the principles of our government. It was questionable whether there was a nation in Europe whom those principles would be so advantageous as they are to us. It would be recollected by gentlemen, who so strenuously advocated the abstract principle of right, that the people of Louisiana have not been consulted in the act of cession to this country, but had been transferred by a bargain made over their heads. It was a proof this act had not been received with approbation by them, that when they saw the American flag, hoisted in the room of the French, they shed tears; this was a proof they were not so friendly to our government as some gentlemen imagined. He was persuaded the people of the Mississippi territory would not have acted in this manner. There is no doubt but that after they shall have experienced the blessings of a free government, they will wonder at their having shed tears on this occasion; but they must, in the first instance, feel these blessings.
Mr. Lucas said he was fully of opinion with the gentleman from Massachusetts (Dr. Eustis) in the sentiments he had expressed. The United States had it eminently in their power to make these people happy without an extension to them of all our privileges. They will not be gratified from knowing that the theory of liberty is extended to them, but from its practical effects. The people of Louisiana know but little of political theories, but they will feel the just operation of equal laws; and if they obtain practical justice, though it may not arise from an intention of our elementary political principles, they will not find fault with it.
Mr. Lucas said he was not among those who considered the bill, in all its provisions, perfect. He considered it susceptible of much amendment; though not in the principle now under review. In this provision, by declaring that the inhabitants of the territory shall compose the legislative council, a great point is gained by the people. For it cannot be supposed that the inhabitants, thus called upon to discharge high duties to society, will so far lose sight of their

It is with much pleasure we extract the following article from the Washington Federalist. The facts of the writer are correct, and the inferences generally sound.
We have frequently noticed the progress of improvement in the inland navigation of the river Potomac, and its tributary streams: and believing that no enterprise has been attempted by a private company, in this new world, of so much public utility, we shall continue to lay before our readers, such material information respecting it, as it may be in our power to obtain from sources, entirely correct.
It is generally known, that this great work was begun under the auspices of Gen. Washington a few years after the revolutionary war: about five hundred thousand dollars have been expended in its prosecution; several years must yet elapse, before the whole of the object in the contemplation of the company, can be completely effected. Enough, however, has been accomplished, to afford such facility to the back inhabitants, that part of the country, so remote from any sea port by land conveyance, as to prohibit the raising of any thing for sale, except cattle, have become, and are daily becoming the best grain settlements in the Atlantic states. Merchant mills are erecting in the Allegany mountains, and farmers 200 miles from a sea port, get their flour transported, to the seat of government of the United States, at an expense less than is paid for fifty miles land carriage.
The main branch of the river, which extends from tide water, to the foot of the Allegany mountains, is now navigable to the mouth of George's creek, about 220 miles by water from the city of Washington, and twenty some odd miles above the town of Cumberland: there remains however, some trifling obstructions in this branch, which impede the navigation in the dry seasons of the year; but it is questionable whether this inconvenience does not result more from the bad construction of the boats employed in the navigation, than any defect in the work on the river. These boats carry 120 bbls of flour, and draw from 22 inches to two feet water. If they draw but 12 or 14 inches, they would meet with no difficulties for ten months in the year, and experiments are making, the success of which is said to be certain, to reduce them to the proper draft of water.
In this year there has been no interruption in the navigation from the want of water, or too great a rate of the boats: large quantities of flour, timber and other articles have descended the river; and the prospects are such as to leave no doubt, that every thing in the upper country prepared or preparing for water transportation, will readily find its way to market, in the present season. One gentleman, a rich enterprising farmer in Frederick county Maryland, residing some miles higher up the river Potomac than Fredericktown, has already sent his boat five times to this market, since the breaking up of the frost, and has delivered upwards of 500 bbls of flour.
There are several streams that discharge themselves into the main branch of the river, some of which are scarcely less important than the main branch itself. The most considerable of these are the Shenandoah, the South Branch, the Monocacy, and the Canechocheque. The South branch is now navigable 50 or 60 miles, the Monocacy, about half that distance and into the heart of Frederick county, the largest, richest, and most productive county in Maryland—the other two branches are not in a state of so much improvement, but the whole energies of the company are now directed to an operation on the Shenandoah, which will cost 40 or 50,000 dollars, and which when finished, will add to our present inland navigation, little short of 200 miles, and into the finest country of the United States.
From these data, the public will draw its own conclusions. Every intelligent reader will perceive in this great effort of a private company, cost quence above the reach of ordinary minds, not to a large portion of the people of Virginia, Maryland, and Pennsylvania only, who are more immediately to enjoy the benefits of this navigation; but to the best interests of the whole people of the United States in the duration of their union. Between the heretofore navigable eastern and western waters, there is a country of immense extent, the greater part of which is without inhabitants,
own permanent interests as to sacrifice them, together with the good of the country, to whom or corruption. Their election by the President is another important security. Suppose the Governor shall wish to render the Council his puppets. The President will not feel an interest in gratifying his improper views. It is, however, said that his information will be derived from the Governor. But the fact is, he will receive it in part from the Governor, and in part from others; and he will be sagacious enough to judge, not from a part, but from the whole that reaches him.
A valuable effect will flow from composing the council of the inhabitants of the country; its members will thereby be initiated in the theory of our government and laws, and this knowledge will hereafter qualify them for higher political trusts; they will acquire much political knowledge; they will return home, and their conversation with their friends will naturally turn on political topics, and on the laws they have passed; thus will a spirit of enquiry and of political discussion bring up in the country. When this effect shall be produced, it will be time, and only then, to give them a government as liberal and free as that contemplated by the amendment.
Mr. MACON (Speaker) observed that he coincided in opinion with the gentleman from Massachusetts (Mr. Varnum,) whose object would, he thought, be better tried by a motion to strike out the section. This motion would bring the principle before the House.—If the section should be stricken out, the bill would be recommitted for new modification to a select committee. Mr. Macon accordingly moved to strike out the 4th section.
This motion having been stated from the chair;
Mr. MACON again rose. I will endeavor, said he, to compress my ideas on this point in a few words. My first objection to the principle contained in the section is, that it establishes a species of government unknown to the laws of the United States. We have three descriptions of government: that of the union, that of the states, and territorial governments. I believe the territorial government, as established by the ordinance of the old Congress, the best adapted to the circumstances of the people of Louisiana; and that it may be so modified as best to promote their convenience. The people residing in the Mississippi territory, are now under this kind of government. Is it not likely that the people of Louisiana, will expect the same form of government and laws with their neighbours, and is it not desirable for the general peace and happiness, that there should be a correspondence between them? If they are as ignorant as some gentlemen represent them (and of this I know nothing) will they not expect the same grade of government with the inhabitants of the Mississippi territory, with whom they will have a constant intercourse. Although they lived previously under the Spanish government, and although their numbers did not entitle them, when formed into a territory, to the second grade of government, no inconvenience resulted. It is said in reply to this objection that a large number of inhabitants of that territory were Americans. It is true that many of them were native Americans, but some also were Spanish.
The simple question is what kind of government is most fitted to this people. It is extremely difficult to legislate for a people with whose habits and customs we are unacquainted. I, for one, declare myself unacquainted with them; nor would I be fixing the government unless for the safety of the union, do an act capable of disgusting the people for whom it is adopted. It will be a wise policy to avoid whatever is calculated to disgust them—My opinion is that they will be better satisfied with an old established form of government, than with a new one. Why? Because they have been established in the adjacent territory of Mississippi, and know the manner in which it operates. If there are bad men in Louisiana, will anything be more easy than to distrust the people against the general government by showing that they have given one kind of government to the people of the Mississippi territory, and a different kind to them? In my mind, it is found policy to give them no cause of complaint. We ought to show them that we consider them one people.
I will not pretend to say that the people of Louisiana are prepared for a state government, which differs most materially from a territorial government. The best way to prepare them for such a government, is to take the system already known to our laws—one grade or the other of the territorial government. For myself I would prefer the adoption of the second grade; but I would prefer the first to any new system. For these reasons I hope the section will be struck out, and the bill be referred to a select committee.
Mr. G. W. Campbell said he would submit a few reasons in favor of the motion to strike out the section. As the hour was late he would endeavour to
compress his observations in as narrow a compass as possible. The principal question is whether we shall give the inhabitants of Louisiana the right of self government, or even the hope that they will hereafter enjoy the benefits of self government and of those rights which there is no doubt but that they conceive themselves entitled to under the treaty with France. In examining this question, it may be proper to take a brief notice of the section proposed to be stricken out, and the degree of liberty it is calculated to give the inhabitants of Louisiana. On examining the section, it will appear that it really establishes a complete despotism; that it does not evince a single trait of liberty; that it does not confer one single right to which they are entitled under the treaty; that it does not extend to them the benefits of the federal constitution, or declare when, hereafter, they shall receive them. I believe it will, on investigation, be found difficult to separate liberty from the right of self government; and hence arises the question, now to be decided, whether we shall countenance the principle of governing by despotic systems of government, or support the principle that they are entitled to be governed by laws made by themselves, and to expect that they shall, in due time, receive all the benefits of citizens of the United States under the constitution.
By the section all legislative power is vested in a governor and thirteen counsellors appointed by the president—the people have no share in their choice—The members of the council are only to aid the governor; they have no right to make laws themselves; the words of the section are: "the governor, by and with advice and consent of the said legislative council, or of a majority of them, shall have power to alter, modify, or repeal the laws which may be in force at the commencement of this act."—That is the governor makes the laws by and with the advice of the council. They are not to deliberate on what shall be law; but he, like some ancient potentates, is to suggest to them what, in his opinion, is proper to be law. This is the proper construction of this section, or I do not understand it. "He is to make, &c."—They are not to make the laws, and submit them to him for his approbation. He makes them, and asks his creatures whether they will agree or not agree to them. I hope we are not prepared to establish such a system as this.
If then the proposed system be despotic, it is proper, in the next place, to enquire why it is erected over the people of Louisiana? Is their condition such as not to qualify them for the enjoyment of any of the blessings of liberty? Are they blind to the difference between liberty and slavery? Are they insensible to the difference of laws made by themselves, and of laws made by others? We have no evidence that this is the case. If we retrace the progress of liberty among other nations, I would ask gentlemen where they find reason for the opinion that the people of Louisiana are unfitted for the enjoyment of its blessings? They will find that it has, in many cases, arisen among people far less enlightened. I trust, therefore, we shall not determine that because the people of that country have not investigated the full value of a free government, they are not qualified to enjoy any freedom. I ask gentlemen, when they talk of the abuse of the elective franchise, to point out a solitary instance where the people have abused the rights they acquired under it?—They will find it hard to point out one. Whereas I ask them for a single instance, in the annals of mankind, where despotism has not been abused. This they will find equally difficult to adduce. One principle cannot be denied. When power is vested in the people, they exercise it for their own benefit, and to the best of their skill. They have no object in abusing it; for they are sure to be the first victims of its improper exercise. I ask them where is the danger of placing in the hands of the people the right of choosing those who are to regulate their own internal concerns? Surely when gentlemen depicted the great danger of this investiture of power, they did not consider that the very act before us subjects all laws to the control of Congress, and that in all cases where in Congress shall negative them they will have no validity. Where then is the danger? Will it be injurious to the United States that the legislature of the territory, chosen by the people, should make laws for their own accommodation, without prejudice to the union? It cannot. I feel surprised when gentlemen say, we ought to be cautious in giving power, lest it should be used in opposition to the interests of the union. How can this be when this government has the appointment of all the officers, and particularly the governor and judges; and when to the legislature is only confided the management of internal concerns? When they have no authority to form connections with foreign powers, or to form any coalition with their neighbours in opposition to the measures of the general government. If the people are already hostile to the United States,
it is evident that it is not the severity of despotism that will make them friendly. I ask how we are to account for this change. Not long since this people were congratulated on their releasement from a despotic government, and were invited into the arms of a government ready to extend to them all the blessings of self-government. Now we are about to damp all their hopes, and to send forth a few creatures to lash them with despotism, to make all their laws. We go further. We do not even hold forth the idea that at a future day they shall make their own laws.—Our language is, if notwithstanding the despotism we extend over you, like good subjects, you patiently bear your chains, we may withdraw them, and let you govern yourselves. If this is not the amount of the language of gentlemen, I do not comprehend it.
It is stated by a gentleman from Massachusetts, that it is difficult to form a government for such a people; and that it is necessary previously to consider the habits and manners of the people to be governed. I am sorry, at this enlightened day of the world, to hear arguments in favor of despotism, so often used before. How does a despot govern his subjects? He tells them, and makes them believe, that they are ignorant and unqualified to govern themselves; considering their ignorance, he tells them he does them a favor by governing them, and they have nothing to do but to obey. This is the doctrine on which monarchy and despotism rely;—as it prevails, despotism prevails, and in proportion as it is destroyed, the principle of liberty prevails. Let us not say, the people are too ignorant to govern themselves. No. Give them an opportunity, & they will acquire knowledge, at least sufficient to make a proper choice of those best qualified to superintend their public concerns. This will act as a stimulus to those who expect to be chosen, to make themselves qualified. But I never knew before this day, that for a people to be fit for the enjoyment of liberty, they must, for a certain time, be under the scourge of despotism.
The same gentleman enquires, in case the elective franchise shall be extended, what hold we shall have on the people of Louisiana? This enquiry is readily answered: we shall have power to reject all laws they may make—and a governor appointed by us, will have the nomination of all military and civil officers, who administer the government. If this is not a hold and check upon them I know not what is. While examining this point, it may not be improper to enquire, what is the best way of making these people most attached to the United States; and whether that end will be answered best by denying them all liberty, and by making a radical difference between their government and that of territories similarly situated with themselves. Let me for once observe, that it is the true policy of this government to conciliate the people to us, to our manners and laws, to show them, that considering them as a part of the union, they have a right to expect the enjoyment of privileges unknown to them before, instead of disappointing their hopes, and compelling them to serve a long quarantine before they are admitted to a participation of those rights which we ourselves possess.
It has been intimated that these people are unfit to govern themselves, but I am acquainted with no information that warrants this inference. I believe that information of a different nature derived from other gentlemen, is more to be relied on, because those who give it are better informed. As to their interests I cannot conceive what can have rendered them so different from those of the people of the Mississippi territory; they were once the same people and under the same government, and they could not have then become unfit for self government. The best information assures us that a considerable proportion of the population is composed of American citizens, amounting perhaps to one-fourth or one fifth of the whole. There are also many British subjects, not so ignorant as to be entirely insensible to the benefits of a free government.
Is there too any thing in the Spanish government whose effects are so degrading as to disqualify a man from enjoying freedom? If this were the case it would have been an argument against accepting the country at all.—Have we not, however, understood that this great measure has been effected with a double view of accommodating the United States and benefitting the people of Louisiana, by extending to them the advantages of a free government? Shall we consider ourselves at liberty to barter them, to view them as cattle, and govern them as such? I hope not. Let us look at the treaty and attend to its language. It says
"The inhabitants of the ceded territory shall be incorporated in the union of the United States, and admitted, as soon as possible, according to the principles of the federal constitution, to the enjoyment of all the rights, advantages & immunities of citizens of the United States; and in the mean time they shall be maintained and protected in the free enjoyment of their liberty, property,
and the religion which they profess."
By the very act before us a number of the laws of the United States are extended to them; by this the principle is admitted that the rights, advantages, and immunities can, according to the constitution, be extended to them; if they can be so extended, it becomes a question of policy altogether, how far they shall be extended. Is it then possible or not at this time to extend the privileges they are entitled to as a territory of the United States? One idea relied on by gentlemen is worthy of notice—it takes for granted that the people do not wish for a free government. I ask gentlemen if they are really serious in this remark? If they are, the argument will be conclusive in giving them, if they choose it, an absolute despotism. If we knew it were the desire of the people to have a king, whatever might be our opinions of the benefits of liberty, it would be our duty to give them one. Gentleman cannot think so, nor would they suffer the United States to degrade their character by such an act. I conceive the United States bound to give them a republican form of government, and to consider therefore not what they may desire, but what will best suit their ultimate interest, while it promotes the benefit of America at large. One gentleman observes, that we ought to regard the people of Louisiana as totally distinct from, and as not possessed of any similar habits with ourselves. I trust however, we shall consider them as a part of the human species—I believe the gentleman will find the human character the same in different parts of the globe; if this principle had been pursued, liberty had never flourished; if the people had never enjoyed liberty till they were ripe for it, how many ages of darkness would have passed away;—but the fact is the people suffer oppression to an astonishing degree—despotism grinds them down till human nature can endure no more, and then they break their chains in a revolt. Therefore can see no force in the argument of waiting till they are ripe for liberty. How ripe? If they have never tasted its benefits how can they know them. I trust, therefore, we shall extend to them the same rights as are enjoyed by the other territories. I will close what I have to say on this subject with a few additional remarks. Much has been said of the interests of the people to prove them incapable of exercising the elective franchise. I will only observe in addition to what I have already stated, that I believe that principle was the first made use of among nations. We find it among savage nations, and we find all nations even in the darkest periods exercising it, until deprived of their liberties by one or a few designing and ambitious characters. Should the committee agree to strike out this section, it is my wish to propose an amendment similar in substance to the provisions established in the Mississippi territory, I will not take up the time of the committee with reading the rough draft which I have drawn to this effect, but barely state that my object is to empower the Governor and judges to execute the government until they shall divide the territory, & until the people choose their own legislature. I trust, therefore, the committee will agree to strike out the section, and that it shall not hereafter be said, that we met to make laws for a people, whom we have called our friends and brothers, different from the laws which we have made for ourselves.
The committee then rose—Ayes 59—And leave was given them by the House to sit again. [To be continued.]
Just published and for sale by RAPINE, CONRAD, and Co. CAPITOL HILL, NEW-JERSEY AVENUE,
A BRIEF retrospect of the 18th Century—containing a sketch of the revolutions and improvements in Science, Arts, and Literature, during that period, 2 vol by Samuel Miller, A. M. member of the American Philosophical Society, &c. &c. price 450 cents.
The Temple of Nature; or the origin of Society. A poem with philosophical notes, by Erasmus Darwin, M. D. F. R. S. Price 250 cents.
The Domestic Encyclopedia; or a Dictionary of facts, and useful knowledge—comprehending a concise view of the latest discoveries, inventions and improvements, chiefly applicable to rural and domestic economy, in 5 vol's complete—price 1800 cents.
R. C. & Co. will in a few days receive a very handsome collection of London publications, in addition to their present assortment.
Those gentlemen who are desirous of encouraging useful publications, are respectfully informed, that subscriptions are received, at the above store, for Montesquieu's Commercial Dictionary, in 3 vols. 8 vo. containing the present state of Mercantile Law, practice and custom in the known world; with considerable additions relative to the laws, usages, and practice of the United States. The first volume is received, and the others in a state of forwardness. The price will be considerably enhanced after the work is finished. April 31—

and so would have remained, but for the enterprise of which we are speaking. It was in vain to hope that this country could be settled unless navigation could be carried nearer to its centre. It was equally vain to imagine that the Atlantic and western states separated by such a barrier, could remain long united under one government. The Potomac navigation which now extends westward within 40 or 50 miles of the navigable western waters, will largely contribute to the immediate settlement and cultivation of this wilderness, by affording to the cultivators, the means of carrying to market the fruits of their industry. It will also afford to the people on the western waters, as low down as the falls of the Ohio, and perhaps lower, the easiest and cheapest conveyance for those supplies from the old world, which their necessities and their comfort, require. No ties are so indissoluble as those of interest. This navigation is also interesting to the people of the United States, though in a smaller degree, in the influence it must have on the rapid growth, and future grandeur of that city which is established by the constitution and the laws, and by a still stronger bond, the general convention of the whole people, as the permanent seat of their government.
Extract from recreations in arts and literature, for April 1, 1799, by James Anderson, L. L. D. &c.
No cement for building has yet been discovered in Europe, that can be compared with the fine chunam of India for closeness, toughness, durability and beauty. It sets as quick as stucco and at the same time acquires a hardness greatly superior to our best lime mortar, and is alike proper for works under water as for those that are exposed to the air, so that it supercedes the use alike of gypsum and of pozzuolana, or terras.—This account was communicated by Dr. Anderson of Madras.
One parrah (about a bushel) of chunam, well mixed with two parrahs of coarse sand by beating, and water added till it is of the consistence of paste, is all the preparation it receives till it is brought to the bricklayers, who have pots of water standing by them, in which an eighth part of as much jaggery (coarse sugar) is dissolved, that is to say, a pound of sugar to a gallon of water.
With this sugar and water the paste or mortar is mixed with only two or three strokes of a trowel and more of the sugar and water added, till it is rendered a liquid as to run into and fill up all the chinks and crevices of the building, &c.
For this kind of work, and for the quantity of lime above mentioned, about ten pollums (the pollum ten pagedas weight) of sugar is commonly used.
A wall so constructed is afterwards covered over with a coat of what is called coarse chunam, for which one parrah of chunam is mixed by beating as before with a lick resembling the roman pilum, with an equal quantity of coarse sand, in the application of which, five pollum of sugar is used.
To render the face of the wall perfectly even, and prepare it for receiving the polished coat, a second covering is applied, consisting of four parrahs of fine chunam, mixed by grinding on a granite slab, with one parrah of white sand.
The sand is previously sifted, to prevent mixture of small stones. No jaggery is mixed with this, or any addition but water, which should be perfectly sweet.
Last of all, the fine chunam, to receive a polish is applied; for which the shells of shell fish are preferred, in the proportion of six parrahs, ground very fine on a granite slab, with a granite roller, to one parrah of the purest white chrysaline sand, till by the addition of water, they become a smooth uniform paste.—to this the following ingredients are added while the paste is spreading on the wall.
For 20 feet square, tyre (turned milk) one measure or three pints, four eggs, five pollum of glue (or butte) and three pollum of sap stone (lapis lazuli) powdered and mixed with the hand, as they are used: they reckon the work polished better likewise, when two or three pollum of the soap stone have been previously mixed with the paste.
It is then rubbed with steel polished trowels for a considerable time—he more labour, the more beauty.
Water that exudes must be wiped and if any cracks appear, the trowel must be again applied. When dry it must be dusted with powdered soap stone in a linen bag and the last polish given by rubbing with pieces of polished granite, or petrosilex.
WASHINGTON CITY.
MONDAY, April 30.
To facilitate to claimants under the 7th article of the treaty with Great Britain the receipt of their monies in instances in which they have not constituted the public agent in London, their special attorney, it has been thought proper to draw to the United States all such monies of the above description as may not be drawn from him by the individuals themselves prior to the 1st of Sept. next. The Agent is accordingly instructed to cease paying them after that date, but after the 1st of November next, they will be again payable at the City of Washington, to those who have right, or to their attorneys duly authorized.
Department of State, } April 28th, 1804.
The Printers of the Laws of the United States are requested to insert the above in their respective Gazettes four times.
The election of NEW YORK for GOVERNOR, Members of Congress, and Members of Assembly commenced on Tuesday last, and continued during that and the two ensuing days.
After a warm contest, the votes given in the city and county of New-York, give Mr. Burr a majority of about 100 over Mr. Lewis, the republican candidate.
The Republican ticket for members of Assembly for the city and county of New-York, has carried by a majority of about 700.
Samuel L. Mitchell and Daniel D. Tompkins, both republicans, are elected representatives in Congress.
One of the New-York papers states that Mr. Burr has obtained a majority of 86 on Staten Island.
The Citizen says "our friends in the other states may rest assured that judge Lewis will be elected by a very handsome majority."
The election in RHODE ISLAND has terminated in favor of republican without much opposition.
In Massachusetts the returns of 335 towns give, Mr. Strong, 25,742 Mr. Sullivan, 21,428.
An arrival at New-York brings London Papers to the 16th inst. They state that twenty seven officers of distinction, including Generals Ferriso, McDonald & Maffena have been arrested in France, on a charge of conspiracy. It was reported in London that war would immediately ensue between England and Spain.
Capt. Kelly, arrived at Philadelphia, from Amsterdam, states that Generals Mireau and Picnegre had been tried and condemned; he had not heard of their execution.
MARRIED—On Thursday evening 26th inst. by the Rev. Mr. Parrot, Mr. John Walh, to Mrs. Elizabeth Brooks, both of this District.
DIED—On the 16th inst. at Harrisburg, WILLIAM MACLAY, late a Member of the House of Representatives of Pennsylvania from Dauphin County.
DIED—On the 17th inst. at Monticello, Mrs. MARIA EPPES, wife of John W. Eppes, Esquire, and daughter of Thomas Jefferson, Esquire.
THE DRAMA. Shortly will be published, in the Boston Democrat, IN SUCCESSIVE NUMBERS, THE THESPIAD OF AMERICA. COMPREHENDING A Political, Critical and Satirical Analysis, OF THE MERITS OF ALL THE THEATRICAL PERFORMERS Who have appeared on the American Stage. BY ANTHONY PASQUIN, Author of the European Children of Thespis.
The first eight numbers will comprehend the investigation of Mr. Bernard, Mrs. Wignell, Mr. Hodgkinson, Mrs. Whitlock, Mr. J. F. Fox, Mrs. Barrett, Mr. Green and Mrs. Jones. DEMOCRAT OFFICE } Boston, April 18th, 1804.
Printers in the United States would incur a particular favor by copying the above.
For Sale or Rent, A Two story BRICK HOUSE, situated in North Street opposite Mrs. J. Enlow's boarding house, contains six rooms and a dry cellar. Application to be made to the subscriber, or to Lewis Moran, Pennsylvania avenue.
MORRIS LAMBERT.
April 30—3
ADVERTISEMENT.
The Subscriber has for sale a likely well grown healthy young NEGRO lad about sixteen years of age; although his conduct has been such as obliges me to part with him, I believe he will make a valuable slave to any man who lives in the country and who will keep him closely, and constantly at work. Apply at the house of the subscriber in George Town where in his absence his brother will treat for him.
JOHN T. MASON.
April 30—tf
Pinkerton's Geography.
The Subscribers to the revised edition of PINKERTON'S MODERN GEOGRAPHY, are informed, that the first volume is just published, and may be had in a few days at, Rapine, Conrad, & Co's.
New Jersey avenue, near the Capitol, where they are requested to call or send for their copies. The publishers have used their best endeavors to make the work deserving of the very liberal encouragement afforded to it by the public and equal in all respects to the English quarto edition which sells for nearly three times the price. The geography of this country is revised and considerably augmented by Dr. Benjamin Smith Barton; the American mass drafted by Samuel Lewis, principally from actual surveys; and engraved by Harrison Lawton, and Tanner; careful attention has been paid to correcting the press to binding, and to every thing that would insure to the publishers the approbation of the subscribers. Subscriptions will be received at twelve dollars per copy until the work is completed, when it will be raised to fifteen dollars.
Character of Pinkerton's Geography from the New Annual Register, for 1802.
"Mr. Pinkerton may well say that this Geography is directed on a new plan. It forms a reality a new era in the science, or rather for the first time scientifically arranges that which till now was possessed of no scientific features whatever. Mr. Pinkerton is a most attractive investigator; he is not satisfied with blindly copying from his predecessors; he has examined for himself, his authorities moreover so far as we have been able to trace them are of the highest repute, and that he has examined for himself he sufficiently proves by often, for the first time his references to the eye of the reader."
"Curtailing the usual introductory routine of the planetary system, its laws, phases and terrestrial influence, and the political history of the various countries he describes, he has properly supplied their exuberance with that which is an integral and essential part of Geography, although hitherto never admitted into publications upon this subject, the history or progressive political changes of the states that pass in order before him—accounting for the rise and variation in the names of their different districts—their appropriate meteorology, soil, agriculture, botany and zoology. The maps and charts are delineated with peculiar precision; they are the joint production of Messrs. Arrowsmith and Lowry, and to these the author principally refers in all his verbal description, as with strict justice he may, for a more clear and definite comprehension of the large rivers and mountains that occur to him in his progress."
April 30—6t
NOTICE is hereby given to all persons interested that a sale of all those Lands, Lots, Houses, &c. within the District of Columbia, whereon a tax of the United States called the direct tax, was laid in 1798, which tax has not yet been discharged will commence on Monday the 14th day of May next, at 11 o'clock at Mr. Rhod's tavern city of Washington and continue from day to day until the whole are sold.
GEO: MAGRUDER, Collector. April 30—cMr4
House & Lot for sale.
By virtue of a deed of trust from JOHN KENNEDY to the subscribers, will be sold by public sale, at Rhod's Tavern, in the City of Washington, on Friday the 25th day of May next, at 5 o'clock p. m. for ready money, part of Lot No. 1, in square No. 491 in said City, fronting 54 feet on Pennsylvania Avenue and 100 feet 2 inches on 12th Street west, conveyed by the Commissioners to the said Kennedy, with the two story brick dwelling house built thereon, at present occupied by Augustus B. Woodward, Esq.
George Thomson, John Murdock.
April 27.
"As the proceeds of the above sale are intended to be paid into my hands, a bond or notes with approved security, bearing interest from date, and payable one third in 6, one third in 12 and one third in 18 months will be accepted of from the purchaser, in place of cash."
JOHN LAIRD.
April 30—ept25M
WANTED,
At a very healthy situation, five miles from Petersburg, Virginia, a private TUTOR, capable of teaching the Greek, Latin, and French languages. To a single man, well recommended, a liberal salary will be allowed, and proper accommodations furnished. Letters addressed to G. M. Petersburg, with the postage paid on them, will be attended to.
Linwiddie, April 21—w3t
PROPOSALS, BY THOMAS HERTY, Of the City of Washington, Conveyancer; for publishing by SUBSCRIPTION The Second Volume of his DIGEST OF THE Laws of Maryland.
IT will contain all the public acts of assembly passed since the publication of the first volume to the present time, which have not been repealed—that is, the acts of the sessions of 1798, 1799, 1800, 1801, 1802 and 1803. It will be printed of the same size, in the same order of arrangement and have references to such parts of the first volume as are repealed, altered, or which may otherwise undergo alterations, with a neat index; subject to which will be given by way of Appendix, a variety of precedents adapted to the law, for the use of justice, &c. &c. &c.
CONDITIONS.
1. It will be put to press as soon as a sufficient number of subscribers is procured to defray the expense of the work, and finished immediately thereafter as soon as a first attention to netness and accuracy will admit. 2. Price to subscribers 2 Dollars, attached, to be paid for on delivery; to non-subscribers the price will be enhanced. 3. Those procuring 9 subscribers, and responsible for the money, will be entitled to an additional copy.
Subscriptions received by the Editor at his office near the Treasury Department, by the Bookellers in Maryland, and by those in whose hands subscription papers are left.
Printers of Newspapers in Maryland giving the above due publicity will be entitled to a copy.
N. B. He has in forwardness and will issue proposals as soon as ready for
A System of Conveyancing
calculated for each state in the union; to the precedents of each species, will be prefixed observations on their nature and use; the law on the subject of alienation by deed of each particular state, shall be exhibited, and how such deed shall be authenticated when executed as well by residents as by non-residents, or, as well in the state as out of the state; together with other interesting particulars.
March 19—wtf
Valuable Land for Sale.
The executrix of the last will and testament of Anthony Holmead deceased, will sell at private sale about forty acres of Land adjoining the city of Washington at the northern extremity of 20th Street west. This land is generally allowed to be one of the most beautiful situations near the city, having a beautiful prospect of nearly the whole of the city, Washington, Alexandria and George Town, and any person inclined to purchase this valuable property, will be shown the same, and know the terms by an application to the subscriber near the premises.
JOHN HOLMEAD.
November 11—wtf
NOTICE.
This is to give notice, that the subscriber of Washington City, hath obtained from the Orphan's Court of Washington County in the District of Columbia, letters of Administration on the personal estate of JAMES O'BRIEN, late of Washington County in said District deceased—All persons having claims against the said deceased, are hereby warned to exhibit the same, with the vouchers thereof to the subscriber, at or before the 16th day of October next, they may otherwise by law be excluded from any benefit of the said estate. Given under my hand this 13th day of April, in the year 1804.
JOHN O'BRIEN, Adm'r
April 16—1w4t
BOLTING CLOTHS.
I have just received a general assortment of the best warranted Bolting Cloths from OLIVER EVANS at Philadelphia, and shall have constantly for sale at my store in Georgetown, likewise Evans's Millwright and Millers Guide, also Clerk and Evans's patent machine for picking of flour. WILLIAM MORGAN. March 19th, 1803m
NOTICE.
The subscriber having been legally authorized, by Messrs. Henry Pratt Thomas, William Francis, John Miller, John Alsley, and Jacob Baker, trustees of a fund created from the joint and separate estates of Robert Morris, John Nicholson and James Greencleaf, and generally denominated, the "Aggregate Fund," hereby calls on all persons, having any claims or pretensions, by Mortgage or otherwise, to any of the objects of the said Fund, to make the same known to him, with a view to their adjustment. And all persons disposed to purchase any of the property of the said Fund, either for cash, or on terms of short credit, are desired to make early application to JAMES GREENLEAF. Philadelphia, April 13—wtf
PATENT RIGHT.
FOR painting rooms, ornamenting ceilings, borders, &c. to represent paper hangings. The subscribers having purchased the patent from John Scoble the original inventor, for the district of Columbia, the states of Virginia, N. Carolina, S. Carolina, Georgia, Tennessee, the province of Louisiana and New Orleans, will dispose of the same for such place or places within the above limits as may be agreed on. The model may be seen and terms made known by applying to, Messrs. RICHARD RYLAND, WILLIAM BYRNE. Store room placeholders, Capitol Hill, City of Washington—Feb. 3—31wtf N. B. Those desirous of blending economy with utility and elegance, will find their account in this invention. Letters post-paid and addressed, as above will be attended to.
Was left at the subscribers house on the night of the 4th or 5th inst. a large Wood SR SW with one pair of ore and an iron pan in her—the owner is requested to come and pay charges and take her away. GRIFFITH COMBE. Washington April 27—3t
TO BE LET
And entered upon immediately, a two story BRICK HOUSE in good repair on Twelfth Street near Pennsylvania Avenue, two rooms Maria's tavern—The house is the property of the Washington Building Company, and will be rented low apply to THOMAS CARPENTER. Jango
NOTICE.
This is to give notice that the Subscriber of Washington city hath obtained from the Orphan's Court of Washington county in the district of Columbia, letters of Administration on the personal estate of Richard Faxon late of said city and county deceased—all persons having claims against the said deceased are hereby warned to exhibit and render the same with the vouchers thereof to the subscriber on or before the first day of November next, they may otherwise by law be excluded from all benefit of the said estate—Given under my hand this 27th of April, 1804. SAMUEL N. SMALLWOOD, Adm'r. April 27—1w4t
H O T E L.
A spacious corner lot next the Capitol on Square 687 having been presented by Daniel Carroll of Durdington, and Thomas Law Esquires for the purpose of building a commodious HOTEL thereon. A subscription is now opened, on advantageous terms, for the names of those who will to promote this important work, and may be seen in the hands of Daniel C. Brear, George Blagden, James Hoban, Griffith Coobbs and Robert Bent, of either of them. April 11—
THOMAS C. CUNNINGHAM, HAS just received an handsome supply of fall goods, which he is determined to sell and make upon the most reasonable terms, and in the best and most fashionable manner, and greatest expedition. Pennsylvania Avenue, near the President's Square and Capitol Hill, seventh house from the Capitol. Oct. 14—tf
Conveyancer's Office.
THOMAS HERTY, Grateful for past favors, informs his friends and the public, that he continues to prepare CONVEYANCES OF LAND and every other species of DEED or INSTRUMENT in the line of his profession, with legal precision, and on moderate terms, life investigated, &c. A choice selection of lots on the Pennsylvania Avenue and in other desirable situations in the City to be sold on the following terms. N. B. Hertys's Abstract of the Laws of Maryland in 1 vol. and Hertys's Digest of the laws of the United States in 2 vol. for sale at the above office. City of Washington, April 1st 1w4t
TO RENT
Two two story frame dwelling houses in Market Street, they are calculated for wet good stores, or both houses would suit for a tavern, having large lots of ground adjoining, or one of which is a never failing spring. Also a one story brick house and lot in Beale's addition to George Town, a good stand for a store.
One one frame House in High Street occupied by the subscriber, a well approved stand for business attached to which is a good pump and excellent water—also the greater part of a warehouse adjoining the last mentioned premises if required. For particulars enquire at ANDREW KAIDENEACH. George Town, April 18—3t
Free Masons Lodge.
Those persons who have subscribed towards the erection of the Mason's Lodge in this city, are requested to pay their subscriptions to Mr. Alexander McCormick, or either of the subscribers. CHARLES JONES, Chairman to committee. NICHOLAS KING, Sec. April 11—tf
NOTICE.
THE partnership of WEBB and BROOKE, Cabinet Makers, by mutual consent, was dissolved on the 17th day of February last. All persons having claims against the partnership are requested to present them to James Webb.
WEBB & BROOKE.
J. WEBB return his acknowledgments to his friends, and customers for the patronage he has received since his commencement in business in this city. Is determined to carry on the Cabinet Making in all its branches, in the house occupied by Webb and Brooke.—Orders from the country will be attended to with punctuality and dispatch by JAMES WEBB. Pennsylvania Avenue, second house west of the War Office, city of Washington, April 13—3t

WASHINGTON ASSOCIATION.
The office of the Washington Association and United States Insurance Company is removed to the corner of No. 226 fronting on the President's Square and Pennsylvania Avenue. THOMAS HERTY , Sec'y P. T. Jan. 12—tf.
REMOVAL.
THOMAS CARPENTER, TAYLOR, Has removed to the house above Mr. Rhodes (LAW LOVELL'S) HOTEL, near the President's Square.
In addition to the present stock of goods, an Handsome Assortment is expected immediately.
Gentlemen at a distance, by sending a line by post, will be waited upon with all possible expedition.
T. C. will pledge himself to execute any order with a rapid, expedition and moderation of charge, which shall not be excelled by any.
HAT MANUFACTURY.
The subscriber informs his customers and the public generally that he has discontinued business in the city of Washington, and has opened shop on Bridge street near the Union Tavern—he solicits the continuance of former customers, and hopes that all others who may choose to call and purchase his manufacture will be amply satisfied, if neatness and goodness be requisites.
JOEL BROWN. George Town, Feb. 17—tf. PUBLIC SALE.
By virtue of a decree of the circuit court of the district of Columbia for the county of Washington, in the suit of the United States against Samuel Jackson, William Shannon, Philip Fitzhugh, Joshua B. Bond and Frederick Shiffer, defendants, in chancery; will be sold at the premises to the highest bidder at public auction on Friday the 4th day of May next, all that piece or parcel of land situate in the town of Georgetown, being part of a tract of land called the Rock of Dunbar ton and bounded as is described and set forth in the said decree and containing four acres and one eighth part of an acre of land with all and singular the buildings, improvements and appurtenances thereon or thereunto belonging or appertaining. The improvements are on a high, dry, and handsome situation, and consist of a large two story brick house with passage through the center, four rooms on a floor and good cellars. The front room, are about 17 by 13 feet—the back rooms are semi-circular and are about 22 by 17 feet—the passage 9 feet wide and 38 feet long—two brick offices two stories high 17 feet 6 inches square and are connected with the House by covered ways. The said premises are the same property possessed by the said Samuel Jackson as by him expensively improved. The sale will commence at 12 o'clock. The terms ready money or money to be paid immediately on the courts ratifying the same, the time of which ratification will be notified in the same papers in which the sale is advertised, within one month after the report of the said sale shall be made to the court, which report will not be made until the fourth Monday in July, when the court commence their next sitting for the county of Washington. DANIEL C. BRENT , Trustee. March 23—tdof
PUBLIC SALE.
By virtue of a decree of the Circuit court of the district of Columbia for the county of Washington in the suit of Thomas Law against James Pierce, jun. James Ray, Samuel Treat, and James Pierce, sen. defendants, in chancery, will be sold at the premises to the highest bidder at public auction on Saturday the 3rd day of May next, the lot of ground mentioned in the complainant's bill, situate in the city of Washington, and known and distinguished in the general plan of the said city by lot numbered one, in square numbered seven hundred and forty-four, it being the fourth half part of said square and containing sixty three thousand four hundred and forty square feet of ground, with the Sugar House, and all the other buildings and improvements thereon or thereunto belonging. The Sugar House is large and extensive and is said to be extremely well calculated for sugar refining—the other buildings consist of several wooden houses sufficient with some repairs for those conducting the business to live in. The sale will commence at 11 o'clock A. M. The terms ready money or money to be paid immediately on the courts ratifying the same, the time of which ratification will be notified in the same papers in which the sale is advertised, within one month after the report of the said sale shall be made to the court, which report will not be made until the fourth Monday in July, when the court commence their next sitting for the county of Washington. DANIEL C. BRENT , Trustee. March 23—tdof
CLOVER SEED. DOCTOR MAGRUDER has just received for sale, a supply of good Timothy and Clover seed. April 16—tf.
Bank of Columbia. THE Board of Directors having this day declared a dividend for the half year ending the 20th inst. at the rate of 9 per cent. per annum. The same will be paid to the Stockholders or their representatives on or after Tuesday the 20th inst. WILLIAM WHANN , Cashier. March 19—epw.
FOR SALE, THE Subscriber has for sale, 8 pipes genuine Cogniac Brandy—4th proof, 5 do. Spanish Brandy of good flavor, 15 Bats Black Pepper, Molasses in hds. and Tercers of good quality, Rum in hds. and a few cheeses. WM. BRENT. Washington April 13—2w
District of Columbia, Be it remembered that on this 31st day of March in the twenty-eighth year of the Independence of the United States of America, John Francis Renault of the said District hath deposited in this office the "Title of a Print or Picture, the right whereof he claims as Author in the words following, to wit: "A Historical and Allegorical Picture, entitled "the Siege of York or the British surrendering their arms to General Washington after their defeat at York Town in Virginia in the month of Octob'r 1781," in conformity to the act of the congress of the United States, entitled, "An act for the encouragement of Learning by securing the copies of Maps, Charts, and Books to the authors and proprietors of such copies during the times therein mentioned." URIAS FORREST , Clerk of the circuit court of the district of Columbia for the county of Washington. April 6—1m
VINEGAR.
FOR sale 50 barrels strong Vinegar of a good quality price 20 cents per gallon—apply at the BREWHOUSE ALEXANDRIA, Where may be had a regular supply of good Beer at 6 dollars per barrel—also Ale highly hopped to stand the summer at 7 dollars per barrel.
N. B. any quantity that might be wanted by ships going foreign voyages may be had by giving a short notice—the business in future will be carried on alone by the subscriber, who will be thankful for orders. THOMAS CRUSE. Alexandria. April 18—6t
A GREAT BARGAIN.
THIRTY THOUSAND DOLLARS will be taken and payment made easy, to the purchaser, for the following valuable property free from any encumbrance whatever. A SET of law mills working two saws—a grist mill with two run of stones and bolting machine, also a cotton and rice machine complete all worked by water, also one saw mill about 200 yards from the former and on the same dam, now abt. finishing that will work from two to fourteen saws under the same roof—this mill is insured for three years after her being completed—they now going in good repair and the whole in a progressive way of improvement, with about Ten thousand acres of land all adjoining and immediately contiguous to the mills, on which are several valuable farms. The timber for mill site are inexhaustible and unexceptionable good—they are situated on the waters of Drowning Creek ninety seven miles from George Town South Carolina, to which place the lumber is carried being raised at the mills without the trouble of hauling, a valuable convenience. The stream is equal if not superior to any in the states of North or South Carolina—the grist mills command a custom at times of 30 or 40 miles around them. The situation at the mills is high, pleasant and very healthy, on which is a good two story house with piazza, a good kitchen, stable, carriage and harness houses and other necessary out buildings with a new horse house completely finished, it being an excellent stand for a country store. Application to be made to the Subscriber at Millville near Lumberton in North Carolina, or for any information respecting the premises, to Samuel D. Purvis at the city of Washington. WM. NORMENT. Millville N. C. Dec. 12. N. B. Any part of the above property will be sold as may be suitable to a purchaser. Dec. 23—tf
The subscriber as trustee of Francis Boone an insolvent debtor, will set up at public sale on Friday the fourth day of May next, on the premises, a tract of Land whereon the said Boone now resides, supposed to contain one hundred and twenty-five acres. The improvements are a Dwelling House and sundry out houses in tolerable repair—at the same time, and place will also be offered for sale sundry articles of personal property conveyed to me by said Boone for the benefit of his creditors. The sale will be for cash. JOHN DUVALL. April 13
On the day mentioned in the foregoing advertisement, and at the same place will be exposed to sale, in virtue of a deed of trust to Robert Bowie and Alexs. Boone, fifteen negroes mentioned in said deed consisting of men, women and children; also the other articles of personal property contained in said deed. The terms of this sale will be for cash also. ROBERT BOWIE, ALEXS. BOONE. April 21—3w
NOTICE
IS hereby given that on the 21st day of May next, will be exposed to sale, part of a LOT numbered seven in square 699 fronting on B street, with a BRICK HOUSE thereon, covered in, two stories high, 34 feet deep by 24 feet front more or less, at Mr. Stelles tavern for cash, should the first bidder not pay the amount of his bid in an hour, the premises will be again put up immediately after for sale; any persons wishing to examine the House and Lot, or to know particulars of the same are desired to apply to the Subscriber. The Lot is subject to an encumbrance of 463 Dollars. THOMAS LAW. April 21—tdof
Fifty Dollars reward.
STRAYED or stolen on Monday the 16th inst. belonging to the subscriber residing in the City of Washington, A CHESNUT SORREL HORSE, fourteen and a half hands high, light coloured mane and tail, carries his tail a little nicked, six years old this spring; has a white spot in his forehead, one white hind foot, and hoof all round; paces when rode; hair rubbed by gear. He was late the property of the Rev. Mr. Knox, formerly of Frederick. If strayed Five Dollars will be given for securing the horse, or, if stolen, Fifty Dollars for the horse and thief. SAMUEL SPEAKE. April 23—6t
War Department Feb. 8, 1804.
Notice is hereby given,
THAT separate proposals will be received at the office of the Secretary for the Department of War, until the eighteenth day of May next ensuing, for the supply of all rations which may be required for the use of the United States, from the 1st day of October, 1804, until the 30th day of September, 1805, both days inclusive, at the following places, viz. First. At Niagara, Detroit, Michilimackinac, Chicago, Fort Wayne, the post on the Miami of the Lakes, and at any place or places, where troops are or may be stationed, marched or recruited within the state of Ohio, and at any place or places within the Indiana territory north of the 41st degree of north latitude.
Second. At South West Point, Tellico, Knoxville, Nashville, and within the Cherokee nation between Tennessee and Georgia, and on the Tennessee river, and on the road between said river and Nashville, and at any place or places where troops are or may be stationed, marched or recruited within the states of Tennessee and Kentucky.
Third. At the garrison near Vincennes, on the river Wabash.
Fourth. At Fort Massac, near the mouth of the Ohio, Kaskaskia, and at any place or places where troops are or may be stationed, marched or recruited within the Indiana territory, south of the 41st degree of north latitude, (Vincennes excepted.)
Fifth. At St. Louis, New Madrid, and any place or places where troops are or may be stationed, marched or recruited in Louisiana, north of the settlements on the river Arkansas.
Sixth. At Chickasaw Bluffs, Arkansas, Natchez, Fort Adams, Fort Stoddart on the Mobile, and at any place or places where troops are or may be stationed, marched or recruited within the Mississippi territory, and on the road between Natchez and the Tennessee river, (the post on said river excepted.)
Seventh. At New Orleans, and any place or places on the Mississippi river, below Fort Adams, and at Opelousas, Natchitoches, and at any other place or places where troops are or may be stationed, marched, or recruited in Louisiana, not before mentioned, or provided for.
Eighth. At Fort Wilkinson, Coekspurs Island, and at any place or places where troops are or may be stationed, marched or recruited within the state of Georgia, and on the Indian boundary between Georgia and the Creek nation.
Ninth. At Charleston, Rocky Mountain, on the head waters of the Santee, and at any place or places where troops are or may be stationed, marched or recruited within the states of South and North Carolina.
Tenth. At Norfolk, and at any place or places where troops are or may be stationed, marched or recruited within the state of Virginia.
Eleventh. At Fort M'Henry, and at any place or places where troops are or may be stationed, marched or recruited within the state of Maryland and the district of Columbia.
Twelfth. At Fort Mifflin, Pittsburgh, Carlisle, and at any place or places where troops are or may be stationed, marched or recruited within the states of Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and Delaware.
Thirteenth. At Fort Jay, West Point, Albany, Schenectady, and at any place or places where troops are or may be stationed, marched or recruited within the state of New York, (Niagara excepted.)
Fourteenth. At Fort Trumbull, Fort Wolcott, & at any place or places where troops are or may be stationed, marched or recruited within the state of Connecticut, Rhode Island and Vermont.
Fifteenth. At Fort Independence, (Boston harbour) and at any place or places where troops are or may be stationed, marched or recruited within the state of Massachusetts, (the district of Maine excepted.)
Sixteenth. At Portsmouth, Portland, and at any place or places where troops are or may be stationed, marched or recruited within the state of New Hampshire and the district of Maine.
A ration to consist of one pound and one quarter of beef or three quarters of a pound of pork, eighteen ounces of bread or flour one gill of rum, whisky or brandy, and at the rate of two quarts of salt, four quarts of vinegar, four pounds of soap, and one pound and one half of candles, to every hundred rations. The prices of the several component parts of the ration should be specified; but the United States reserve the right of making such alterations in the price of the component parts of the ration aforesaid as shall make the price of each part thereof bear a just proportion to the proposed price for the whole ration.
The rations are to be furnished in such quantities, that there shall at all times, during the term of the proposed contract, be sufficient for the consumption of the troops at Michilimackinac, Detroit, Niagara and Chicago for six months in advance, and at each of the other posts on the western waters for at least three months in advance, of good and whole some provisions, if the same shall be required. It is also to be permitted to all and every of the Commandants of fortified places or posts to call for at seasons when the same can be transported, or at any time in the case of urgency such supplies of like provisions in advance, as in the discretion of the commandant shall be deemed proper.
It is to be understood that the contractor is to be at the expense and risk of issuing the supplies to the troops, and that all losses sustained by the depredations of an enemy, or by means of the troops of the United States at the price of the articles captured or destroyed as aforesaid, on the deposition of two or more persons of creditable characters, and the certificate of a commissioned officer, stating the circumstances of the loss, and the amount of the articles for which compensation shall be claimed.
The privilege is understood to be referred to the United States of requiring that none of the supplies which may be furnished under any of the proposed contracts, shall be issued until the supplies which have been or may be furnished under contracts now in force, have been consumed, and that a supply in advance may be always required at any of the fixed
posts on the Sea coast or Indian frontier for a period of three months.
H. DEARBORN, Secretary of War. 22w May 18.
TO RENT,
And immediate Possession given, A Two-story Frame House, in the City of Washington, situated on N. F. Street, square 224—containing 4 rooms beside two garret rooms, piazza and pantry, kitchen, store room, &c. with a good garden—lately occupied by Mrs. Lee, adjoining to Mr. Kaupie's store—Also that convenient two-story frame on same square, late in possession of Dr. Tabb, opposite to which Robert Peacock, Esq. lately resided—consisting of 6 rooms, and two garret rooms, piazza and balcony to south front, cellar with dry well, kitchen, carriage house, stable, an excellent garden, with every convenience fit for the reception of a genteel family. For particulars enquire at Mr. Rhode's tavern, Mr. Kaupie's store, or to the subscriber. REDMUND PURCEL. January 13, 1804—tf
THOMAS M'EUEN, THOMAS HALE & WILLIAM DAVIDSON, who heretofore, have transacted business under the firm of Thomas M'Euen & Co. will in future use that of M'Euen, Hale & Davidson. PHILADELPHIA, Feb. 1—tw&gt;gtf
(BY AUTHORITY.)
Scheme of a Lottery.
To build an Academy in the city of Richmond.
   Dollars.     1 Prize—last drawn ticket, having a blank to its number, 20,000   1 do. do. do. do. do. 10,000   1 do. do. do. do. do. 5,000   5 do. of 1,000 make 5,000   6 do. — 500 — 3,000   10 do. — 200 — 2,000   12 do. — 100 — 1,200   100 do. — 50 — 5,000   250 do. — 20 — 7,500   420 do. — 15 — 10,500   1,500 do. — 10 — 30,000   3,000 do. — 5 — 45,000   1 first drawn ticket after 1,000 having a blank to its number, 250   1 do. after 2,000 do. 250   1 do. do. 3,000 do. 250   1 do. do. 4,000 do. 250   1 do. do. 5,000 do. 500   1 do. do. 6,000 do. 500   1 do. do. 8,000 do. 500   1 do. do. 10,000 do. 500   1 do. do. 12,000 do. 500   1 do. do. 13,000 do. 500   1 do. do. 14,000 do. 1,000   5,325 prizes, 150,000   9,675 blanks, not two to a prize,  
15,000 tickets at 10 dollars each, 150,000 N. B. Prizes subject to a deduction of 15 per cent.
This lottery has been authorised by the legislature of Virginia, for the laudable purposes of erecting a seminary of learning in or near the metropolis of this state. With this view, it is contemplated to raise 20,000 dollars, and 2,500 dollars, in addition, for defraying the expenses attendant on drawing the lottery. Citizens of the first respectability have been selected as trustees, and they have pledged themselves to use their utmost exertions to carry it into effect. The scheme has the advantage of giving to each adventurer, a chance for some very large prizes, whilst the proportion of prizes to blanks, is so great as to invite the friends of the intended institution to partake in the lottery, with very little risk of their becoming losers. The treasurer of the state is to be appointed to receive the money for the tickets as they are sold, and to pay the amount of the prizes to the fortunate adventurers. It is believed that the above considerations will induce a rapid sale of tickets, and the drawing will commence as soon as a sufficient number shall be sold to authorise it—which it is believed will be on the second Monday in December next.
Richmond, March 2—tf
Eighty Dollars Reward.
DESERTED from on board the Schooner VICTORY about 8 miles below Alexandria, four men, answering to the following description, Charle Young about 5 feet 5 inches high, has light hair tied and light complexion. Peter Lamb, about 5 feet 6 inches high, has light hair tied, and light complexion. Michael Doyle, about 5 feet 5 inches high, has short black hair, fresh complexion and dark eyes. John Stewart, about 5 feet 5 inches high, has short light hair, light complexion and full face.
Whoever shall secure the said men and bring them to this place or confine them until they can be heard of, shall receive the above reward, or twenty dollars for each man. WM. P. SMITH, Marine Barracks, Washington, April 22—3t
NOTICE.
THE Subscriber, being legally and fully authorised, by his assignees, to adjust, and settle finally, all the concerns of his former estate, first entered under the laws of Pennsylvania, of Maryland, and of the United States, hereby calls on all persons indebted to said estate, to make payment to him; and on all who have claims, to render him their accounts, with notice of what property is still held in pledge for securing payment. JAMES GREENLEAF. Philadelphia, April 13—wtf
PATENT MACHINE
For boring Holes in Rocks under water or in any situation and blasting them. THE subscriber having purchased the patent right from Jean Baptiste Aveille, the original inventor, for the counties of Frederick, Shenandoah, Jefferson, Berkeley, Augusta, Rockingham, Hampshire, Hardy and Botetourt in the state of Virginia, will dispose of it to any person or company for any particular object. The model may be seen at any time, and terms made known by A. LINDO, Fred. Co. Vir. Winchester Jan. 28—wtf
A TEN Thousand Dollar PRIZE.
Scheme of a Lottery
For the use of the GERMAN TRINITY CHURCH, In Sixth Street, Philadelphia.
N. B. This Lottery is expected to commence drawing immediately after the conclusion of the St. Augustine church, & Lehigh navigation Lotteries; and from the great demand for the tickets in different parts of the Union, there is reason to believe that the price will be raised, considerably before that period.
   Dollars.     1 Prize of 10,000 dolls. 10,000   1 3,000 3,000   1 2,000 2,000   1 1,000 1,000   4 500 2,000   10 300 3,000   20 200 4,000   35 100 3,500   90 50 4,500   100 20 2,000   6000 7 42,000   1 1st drawn No. on the 10th day 500   1 15 500   1 20 500   1 25 500   1 30 500   1 35 500   1 40 1,000   1 45 1,000   1 50 1,000   1 55 1,000   1 First drawn No. on the last day, when there shall be only 600 tickets in the wheel. 6000  
6274 Prizes. Dollars.... 90,000
11726 Blanks.
Considerably less than two blanks to a prize.
The prizes to be paid 30 days after the close of the drawing—Subject to a deduction of 15 per cent.
ADAM PREMER, ANTHONY HOOCKEY, CHARLES BOWMAN, Com'rs. 6 Tickets for sale by the subscribers, at 6 Dollars.
Half tickets 3 25
Quarter tickets 1 75
Prizes in other lotteries received in payment.
GEORGE Taylor, jun. No. 85, South Second street.
MATTHEW M'CONNELL, No. 82 Chestnut street.
Letters addressed to either of whom post paid and including the cash, will be duly attended to. March 12—tw&gt;gtf.
CHARLES VARDEN,
TAYLOR,
FROM PHILADELPHIA.
HAS received from Philadelphia an elegant assortment of the best quality Superfine Cloths, Cassimeres, Silk Domestique, Black and fancy silk Crinkled velvet, white & figured Marcellas, Swardens, Toilettettes, Velveteens, Fancy cords, Conting, &c. With a variety of other articles suitable for the winter season. N. B. Ladies Habits, Regimentals and Navy uniforms made in the first style of fashion. New-Jersey Avenue, the second House from the Capitol Square. November 8, 1803.
In the case of NICOLAS FEBRUARY
An Insolvent debtor,
SIX months from and after the first day of March, is limited, and appointed for the creditors to bring in, and exhibit their claims to the trustee, and that notice be given in the Washington Federalist, and National Intelligencer once a month, three times in each paper before the expiration of said term—It is further ordered, that the trustee sell the property of the insolvent, at public sale to the highest bidder, on a credit of 6 months, giving six months previous notice thereof, by public advertisement, in the same papers once a week for 6 weeks prior to the day of sale. By order, Wm. Cranch, Esq., URIAH FORREST, Clk. March 7—tamjt
To be Sold,
At public sale, at Mr. John Barney's Columbian Inn, on the 10th day of September next, at 2 o'clock, P. M. ALL the right, title, interest, and estate of Nicholas February (an insolvent debtor) in and to sixteen and three quarter acres of land, with a dwelling house thereon, in the vicinity of George Town, also some household and kitchen furniture—Terms of sale, the purchaser to give bond with approved security, payable in six months after the day of sale, any person wishing to view the property before the sale, may apply to the subscriber. In the above case, the creditors are requested to exhibit their claims within the time limited, to the subscriber. CHARLES BEATTY, Trustee. George Town March 7
NOTICE
WILL be exposed to public sale, for ready cash, on the 4th day of May next, on the premises all the right, title, claim and interest of Joseph Boone, in and to Lot No. 2, in square No. 1044, as laid down in the plan of the city of Washington, with a two-story framed dwelling house, and four other small framed houses thereon—all in good repair—taken by virtue of two writs of fieri facias, issued from the circuit court of the district of Columbia for the county of Washington, at the suit of Wilson Hunt, for the use of Philip Nicholson and Robert Griffith. The sale will commence precisely at eleven o'clock. DANIEL C. BRENT, Marshal. April 16—3w&gt;gtf.