The national intelligencer and Washington advertiser. (Washington City [D.C.]), 1804-08-22 00:00:00

NATIONAL INTELLIGENCER, WASHINGTON ADVERTISER.
Vol. IV.
WASHINGTON CITY, PRINTED BY SAMUEL HARRISON SMITH, PENNSYLVANIA AVENUE.
No. DCIV.
FIVE DOLLARS PER ANN.
WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 22nd, 1804.
PAID IN ADVANCE.
National Intelligencer.
Description of the river Mississippi and its Delta, with that of the adjacent parts of Louisiana. By William Dunbar, of the Natchez, communicated by the Author, a Member of the Society; through the President.
[Concluded.]
There are many other inlets along the coast of the Delta which flow with fresh water during the inundation, and admit the waters of the ocean at other seasons: those have all got their bars, and are, as before observed, miniature of the Mississippi; a small tide of about three feet perpendicular facilitates the passage of those bars for small craft; some of them are seen above water while the tide is out; the remedy for the removal of those bars has already been noticed: our posterity will see those inlets or Bayous converted by the hand of industry into extensive canals, penetrating in all directions this tract of inexhaustible fertility, which will become the garden of the United States.
Sugar having become of late a staple commodity of the lower country, it cannot be uninteresting to enquire how far, in its present state, it is susceptible of that culture. The following short statement is derived from the practical experience of the planters. It is now admitted that the sugar cane does not arrive (regularly) to full maturity beyond 75 miles above New Orleans, following the fructification of the river; and this corresponds with a line drawn westerly along the sea coast of Pensylvania and Mobile, crossing the island of New Orleans, below the city the lands decline so rapidly that, beyond 15 miles, the soil is so much imbued in the waters of the Mississippi, as to be totally unfit for the culture of the cane; within those limits, the most experienced planters admit that one quarter of the cultivated lands of any considerable plantation may be planted in cane, one quarter left for pasture, and the remaining half employed for provisions, &c. and a reserve for change of crops. One Parish acre, of 180 feet square, may be expected to produce, on an average, 1 hhd. (12 cwt.) of sugar, and fifty gallons of rum. From the above data, admitting that both sides of the river, as planted for ninety miles in extent, and about three quarters of a mile in depth, it will result that the annual product may amount, in round numbers, to twenty-five thousand hhd. of sugar, with twelve thousand puncheons of rum. Enterprising young planters say, that one third, or even one half of the arable land might be planted in cane; it may also be remarked, that a regular supply of provisions from above, at a moderate price, would enable the planter to give his attention to a greater body of land cultivated in cane: several of the departing branches of the Mississippi furnish strips of land along their margins within the sugar latitude; there is also a portion of the Alacapas, parallel to the sea coast, favorable for this culture; every circumstance being therefore taken into view, we may admit that in the existing state of the lower country, double the quantities of sugar and rum abovementioned may be produced, although hitherto the annual product has been only 5000 hhd. of sugar.
When the immense regions watered by the tributary streams of the Mississippi, particularly those extending to the sources of the Missouri, shall be opened up and cultivated by the persevering labor of man, our winters will be enchain'd in the north, and a milder climate will extend itself over the whole of the Delta; and as it lies under the same parallels of latitude, so will its productions be similar to those of the Delta of Egypt; and if we extend our views to a future period, when the waters of this great river shall be completely under the power of man, by a regular system of canals and embankments, such as probably existed in Egypt in its best days under its antient kings, some idea may be formed of the inestimable value of a country, which most happily for itself and for the United States, now constitutes a very precious portion of the union.
It has already been said that the tides on the coast rise about three feet perpendicular, but they are not lunar tides; another cause must be sought: the bay of Mexico being a species of Mediterranean sea, surrounded by the continent and a close chain of islands, is not sensibly susceptible of the gravitating power of the sun and moon; the tides take place only once in twenty four hours, and nearly at the same hours in the morning; they depend altogether upon the winds,
which, during the regular summer season, blow in upon the land all day; and in the night, it is either calm, or there is a small returning land breeze: the sea breeze commences in the morning about nine or ten o'clock, and ceases in the evening about sun set; the waters having acquired a momentum from the action of the wind continue to rise until about day break, when it is high water; a tide depending upon such a cause must be subject to frequent anomalies: in the winter, as may be expected from this theory, the tides are extremely irregular, being governed by the variable winds of that uncertain season.
This small tide produces an effect upon the Mississippi; I have noted at New Orleans (during the absence of the inundation) a rise of fourteen inches, about sun rise; and at Machac from 6 to 8 inches; this ascent of the waters of the Mississippi is produced merely by a swell or wave; the current at the same time continually issuing from the channel into the ocean; this tide requires a considerable time to make its progress upwards against the current: those who have perused Condamine's account of his voyage down the Maragnon are acquainted with every thing that can be said upon this curious subject. The great Newton has observed, that the tides which take place nearly at the same time at London-bridge, and at the mouth of the Thames, are not the same; but that at the bridge is the same which happened twelve hours before at the Nore.
It is probable that any tide coming up to New Orleans is the same which arrived three days before at the mouth of the river, consequently the distance from New Orleans to the mouth of the river is divided by the tides into three parts; (i.e.) one tide at each extremity, and two others making their progress upwards. This statement is only conjectural, founded upon probable circumstances, having been unable to procure a sufficient number of accurate observations to be made at different points.
When the river is very low, the velocity of the stream is scarcely a mile per hour at Natchez, and much slower at New Orleans, probably not above half a mile; but during the time of the inundation from 4 to 5 miles. It is asserted that the current is swifter during the night than the day; this perhaps might be accounted for by saying, that there is generally a breeze by day blowing up the river, which opposes the current and damps up the water to a certain degree; and that the night being generally still, the water descends with accelerated velocity; but another fact is not so easily accounted for, viz. that saw-mills, which are constructed upon canals leading from the Mississippi, perform more work (cateris paribus) in the night than in the day, the number of strokes of the saw being found greater in a given time. The increase of the specific gravity of water by the coldness of the night will be of no avail in the solution of this question, because the weight and velocity of water in a lateral canal cannot thereby be increased. We cannot suppose that evaporation during the day produces a sensible effect in diminishing the quantity of water, because the water thus diminished in the course of the day arrives at the mill during the night. Is it not rather owing to the perfect stillness of the night, that the machine performs its office without any unnecessary agitation or friction, which in the day is greatly promoted by the vivifying influence of the sun, causing a more rapid circulation of the atmosphere, and exciting to motion every body on the surface of the earth, whether animate or inanimate? It is known to mariners that the relative cessation of motion on board a vessel under sail, contributes greatly to the rapidity of her movement. This phenomenon merits a more perfect solution.
Although the velocity of the water has been said to be from one to five miles per hour, yet this is to be understood of what may be called the thread of the current, it being considerably less along the shores, and very frequent counter-currents or eddies of great extent are found in favorable situations, which greatly facilitate the ascending navigation of the river; but as the current is continually deflected from shore to shore, boats are at many points unable to stem the force of the current, and are under the necessity of crossing frequently to get as far as possible out of the main current.
No abrasion takes place at the bottom of the channel of the Mississippi (in Lower Louisiana), an equilibrium has long since been established; it is believed rather that its bed is on the rise; as the margin of the river rises by the
influence of every inundation which passes over it, it is thought that the bottom must rise also; but this effect must depend altogether upon the protrusion of the cradle of the river into the ocean, by which means the extremity of the inclined plane which the river has carved out for the conveyance of its waters, being prolonged horizontally, the waters within the channel must acquire a new elevation, placing themselves parallel to their former position, and the bed of the river will rise proportionably so far only as the alluvial bottom extends; and thus there will be a low but progressive rise of the margin and bed of the river, which is perfectly agreeable to observation.
The formation of land is surprisingly quick in certain situations; the moment the waters lose their great velocity, they begin to deposit their contents; the most favorable position is on either side of the main channel, where the current is nearly but not absolutely destroyed: as for example, when the river suddenly makes a breach or off-cut from bend to bend, leaving a circle of several leagues of the former bed with little or no current, the waters immediately begin to block up the two entrances, leaving the interior in form of a lake: in five years the soil will be considerably firm, nearly of equal height with the adjoining lands, and covered with forests of willow and cotton-wood (probably populus deltoides*) 50 feet high; some parts of the old channels were perhaps not less than a hundred feet deep: this wonderful creative power of the Mississippi may, by the ingenuity of man, be applied to the accomplishment of grand objects: by proper embankments, and a regular supply and discharge of the waters of the Mississippi, the surface of the earth may be raised to a great height, far above the general level of the inundation: travellers inform us that the towns and villages of the Delta of the Nile are built upon elevated situations, which are so many islands during the season of the inundation. How shall we account for the formation of those islands? we have no reason to believe that they pre-existed in the Delta, and they could not be formed by the natural agency of the inundation; the accumulation of earth by mere labour for the formation of so many islands would have been an Herculean task; it is therefore more rational to suppose that the ingenuity of the aborigines of ancient Egypt, directed by the example of nature herself, pursued the more simple and facile mode of elevating the site of their habitations in the manner above described.
We shall conclude the above imperfect sketch by observing, that it is the result of occasional observation for a series of years, and of scattered information collected from various sources, probably often uncertain, from a cause which is unfortunately too general, viz. the extreme inattention of persons, even of some education, to the most curious phenomena passing daily under their review.
Circumstances did not favor the investigation of several points of curious enquiry. It would be desirable to ascertain the obliquity of the inclined plane by which the Mississippi conveys its waters to the ocean, both at the surface and at the bottom of the river, and at various distances from its mouth: as also the respective velocities of the water in those positions, at low and high water. The difference of the velocities of the water at and under the surface, was turned to account by an ingenious master of a vessel, who, finding himself detained in his descent by a calm, dropped his anchor ten or a dozen fathom below the surface, by which his vessel was so much retarded in the stream as to enable him to steer sufficiently to keep clear of the shore. This hint might perhaps be improved to advantage: a much more perfect instrument than an anchor, may be invented for the purpose of holding the inferior current, and in situations similar to the Gulf-stream, a vessel may thereby be enabled to escape an enemy.
A chart of the alluvial country is a desideratum, with which it is to be hoped the curious will in due time be obliged, under the present enlightened government: a correct sketch of the various reservoirs and canals which this great river has formed for the reception and disengagement of its immense volume of waters, will become the basis of the vast improvements which at a future day will be made upon this inestimable portion of the United States.
WILLIAM DUNBAR. Natchez, January 1, 1804. * Of Bartram.
FOR THE NATIONAL INTELLIGENCER.
To the Legislatures of the respective States.
LETTER FOURTH.
Same subject viz. internal improvements—Concluded.
Having thus estimated the weight of the usual arguments advanced against an extensive system of internal improvements, and shown, as I apprehend, that, however true in the abstract, they form no valid or practical objection, let us proceed to notice concisely the peculiar and forcible considerations which recommend the adoption of such a system.
These naturally divide themselves into two classes, those arising from their relation to the public interest, which we shall denominate political ; and those arising from their relation to the interests of individuals, which may be denominated personal .
In a nation whose wise and liberal policy forbids all monopolies, and whose institutions aim at maintaining unimpaired the rights and immunities of all, that every man may derive benefit from their protection, it becomes an object of vast importance to place the citizens upon a footing of as perfect equality as the state of society and the organisation of man admit. By perfect equality, we mean not to point to any agrarian system, or to any unjust invasion of the rights of property, or the fruits of industry; but to that state of things which places equal means of advancement within the reach of the citizen according to his industry and talent, wherever he may be placed. The necessary effect of this equality is contentment. It destroys in the germ all fretful jealousy or hostility to more favored portions of the community. It distributes over the whole face of the nation equal portions of power. By creating the means of a progressive improvement in equal degrees, it leads forward the entire mass of the nation by the same gradations. In such a state of society, we do, not as is too often the case in countries differently circumstanced, contemplate the difference of centuries in the degree of civilization in distant parts of the same nation. We do not behold this spot the exclusive seat of wealth, of luxury, of science; and that, the abode of poverty, of want, and of ignorance. These are the gloomy effects of kings and courts and ecclesiastical establishments.—They are, or they ought to be, unknown in republics. This result would, perhaps, of itself, be conclusive in favor of fostering a vigorous spirit of internal improvement; as it is most evident that the effects of such a disposition will increase the comfort and wealth of our citizens, will prevent the most effectual antidote to monopoly by the removal of local preferences; will check the growth of luxury, by diffusing instead of concentrating on a favoured spot, the means of enjoyment; will foster the interests of learning by the ease of intercourse; and will produce and confirm the conviction that the interests and happiness of all are equally protected.
If these be the natural and necessary effects of an enlarged system of internal improvement, is there a man, who calls himself a republican, and who properly appreciates the inseparable connection between the prevalence of republican principles and happiness, that can feel indifferent to the subject, or permit it to be neglected for want of his exertions? Let not one man rely on the efforts of another. In a cause like this where the interests of all are the same, there should be one common effort. The cause of liberty and of human happiness has not a deadlier foe than indolence. It is always owing to the vis inertia of good and wise men that vice or folly reigns. Yet such is the folly of the wise, that while the positive infraction of a law is punished as criminal, the omission to discharge duties, without which laws are empty pageants, is attended with no punishment, and does not even excite in all cases a consciousness of guilt. For what purposes were talents conferred but to do good? Are philosophers and statesmen to be considered as so many eccentric comets, sent to this ball to disturb its harmony or to blot it from existence? No! As the enlightened patriot, whose unceasing labors are directed to the promotion of the public welfare is the greatest of men, so ought he to be held in the lowest degradation, who, with the power of eminently advancing the happiness of others, passes his days in inglorious apathy! His is the worst of treason! God and nature placed him on an eminence to wield the sceptre of vir-
tue. Elevated above the passions and vices of the world, on him was devolved the high duty of restraining the rage of contending passions, of repressing the daring spirit of vice, of animating the timid feelings of virtue, and of arresting the arm of the patricide. Slumbering on a post, where all should have been thought and vigilance, his country's misery or ruin are justly chargeable upon him! Patriots of America, let not this guilt be laid at your doors!
So great are the benefits that would flow from conducting internal improvements on a large scale, that they would justify and soon repay the imposition of taxes to a considerable extent. This, however, is entirely unnecessary in many, and perhaps in all the states. In the states of Connecticut, New York, Pennsylvania, Maryland and South Carolina, there are large sums of either accumulated specie, or stock easily convertible into specie; while in many of the other states, land is possessed to a sufficient value, it properly disposed of, to produce very large sums. In the highly improved states of New York and Pennsylvania all the means are in hand for the making canals and turnpikes on as liberal a scale as the most enlarged policy can dictate. Let us descend to particulars. Each of these states, it is believed, have cash resources to the extent of three millions. Should the legislatures of those states offer to expend these sums for these ends, there is not the least doubt of their being supported by individual contributions to a like amount. Six millions would pay the expense of at least one thousand miles of turnpike road, and five hundred miles of canals. Let us suppose that these produce the first year, after their accomplishment only three per cent, which is undoubtedly a smaller profit than would be actually realized. Taking into consideration the regular progress of population, its necessary increase from internal improvements, the vast mass of rich land brought into productive cultivation by the ease and cheapness with which commodities would be interchanged, and the growth of luxury, in perhaps a more rapid extent than any of these other effects, it will be within bounds to estimate the annual rise of the proceeds of tolls at ten per cent, on the first year's receipt. We have data, on this point, which places the cornflats of this estimate, so far as it proves it moderate, beyond dispute. The following is a table of our exports of domestic produce for the ten successive years from 1791 to 1800 inclusive.
   1791 14,600,000   1792 15,060,500   1793 15,420,000   1794 16,200,100   1795 18,064,050   1796 20,024,921   1797 24,052,671   1798 27,991,413   1799 33,142,137   1800 31,340,903  
Since this last year the exports of domestic produce have increased to 42,205,961, which is in even a higher ratio.
Taking then ten per cent as the annual rise on the first year's receipt, the stock will rise in value, as follows.
   Dollars Cents     1st year $ 00   2 3 30   3 3 63   4 4 00   5 4 40   6 4 84   7 5 32   8 5 85   9 6 33   10 6 96   11 7 65   12 8 41   13 9 25   14 10 17   15 11 18   16 12 29   17 13 51   18 14 86   19 16 34   20 18 00   21 19 80  
From this statement it appears that no mode of investiture for the cash funds of a state, or of an individual, can be named, that will be more productive. At the end of twenty-one years, an annual interest of at least twenty per cent. will accrue; and for this vast premium the only sacrifice will be the difference between the amount of tolls received for the first seven years and the interest of six per cent. which the price of stocks shews is considered as a good compensation for money. This difference amounts, on the average, to something less than two per cent. a year. While for the ensuing seven years the average annual

receipt will be above eight per cent; and for the last seven years above fifteen per cent. After which term of twenty-one years, supposing all further increase forbidden by law, as it ought to be, there will be a permanent income of about twenty per cent.
The only inconvenience that could be experienced by the states would be the temporary loss of about two per cent. on their stock, which could, without any difficulty whatever, be overcome by moderate loans, for whose discharge the future receipts from tolls above six per cent. a year could be applied.
The state funds, to which a particular allusion has been made, are principally at present in the shape of Bank stock, or stock of the United States. Not the least difficulty could arise in the disposition of these to individuals, without, in the least, impairing the existing capitals; and the investiture of them in canal or turnpike stock, transferable in the same manner, would add considerably to the active capital of the nation. Should any state emergency require the use of any part of the principal invested, no serious embarrassment could result; as the stock, being founded on the most solid basis, would undoubtedly, more than any other description of stock, command the public confidence.
With regard to those states that do not possess, in hand, pecuniary resources, it is not probable that they would be able to carry on internal improvements on so large a scale. But they all of them possess resources fully adequate to the accomplishment of many useful undertakings. It will occur to every mind that if in such states as Pennsylvania, New-York and Maryland, possessed of great pecuniary resources, internal improvements shall not only reward but enrich the adventurers, the common motives of interest will lead wealth, under the liberal spirit of less affluent states, to invest itself on improvements in them, which cannot fail to bring a reward. This is so eminently the case that it is impossible to make a canal or a turnpike in one state, which will not sooner or later benefit every other member of the confederacy.
But there are resources, of no inconsiderable amount, at this moment, within the power of every state in the union, which, properly evolved and applied, would go great lengths towards the accomplishment of any wise plan for general improvements.
Not to go on unheated tracts, where, however correct, our remarks might incur the risk of not being universally assented to, from not having stood the test of experience, we shall confine ourselves to a consideration of the resources which Banks, under a proper direction would afford to the community. It seems at present to be a general conviction that advantages given by a state to monied institutions should be paid for. Indeed, were there any necessity, it would not be difficult to prove, that governments have no right to extend peculiar privileges but for a full consideration. They are surely the property of the public, and it is depraving the public of their property, not to receive such consideration in exchange. A long experience has shown that the annual profits of a Bank are at least eight per cent. which is two per cent. above legal and good interest. Hence, on an average, bank stock is about thirty three per cent. above par. If we compare the amount of the exports of the great commercial states of New-York, Pennsylvania, and Maryland, for the last year, it will appear that they are about equal to their banking capitals. Inferring that the other states might advantageously employ a capital proportionate to their exports, the following table will show the Banking Capitals that might be created in each state.
   Dollars.     In New Hampshire 500,000   Massachusetts 9,000,000   Rhode Island 1,300,000   Connecticut 1,300,000   Vermont 100,000   New-York 11,000,000   New Jersey 21,000   Pennsylvania 8,000,000   Delaware 500,000   Maryland 6,000,000   Virginia 7,000,000   North Carolina 1,000,000   South Carolina 8,000,000   Georgia 2,500,000   Kentucky 600,000   Tennessee—say 300,000   Territories—say 2,000,000  
The creation of Bank stock to the above amount in each of the states might be fairly estimated as capable of producing a profit of twenty five per cent. on their respective capitals, allowing the difference between that sum and the market price, viz. about eight per cent. as an inducement to individuals to subscribe which would produce the following sums to the respective states.
   Dollars.     New-Hampshire 125,000   Massachusetts 2,250,000   Rhode Island 325,000   Connecticut 325,000   Vermont 25,000   New-York 2,750,000   New-Jersey 5,250  
   Pennsylvania 2,000,000   Delaware 125,000   Maryland 1,500,000   Virginia 1,750,000   North Carolina 250,000   South Carolina 2,000,000   Georgia 625,000   Kentucky 150,000   Tennessee 75,000   Territories 500,000   14,782,250  
The only states, very deficient in resource from this object, appear to be Vermont and New-Jersey. With regard to the latter there can be no doubt but that the wealth of the adjacent states of New-York and Pennsylvania, so far as respects the making of turnpikes and canals, will overflow upon her soil—she is indeed, commercially considered, a section of those states.
I am not unmindful that stubborn sentiments of hostility exist in some of the Southern states against the establishment of Banks; on principles too, viewed by those who entertain them, as sacred. But late events completely show that the public opinion, however indisposed to pronounce on the abstract question of the propriety of establishing such institutions, yields to the extending conviction that, inasmuch as such institutions do exist in many of the states, and as their relative interests are advanced by them, policy dictates their adoption in other states, as a necessary measure of defence. Nor can there be a doubt entertained but that if banks are suffered to exist at all, they do less injury when their numbers & extensive capitals preclude monopoly or favouritism, than when their fewness or limited capitals render them dangerous engines of political or personal favour.
Here then we have a capital, capable of creation, amounting to near fifteen millions of dollars, which united to an equal amount of individual contribution, would make turnpike roads of at least five thousand miles, and canals of at least two thousand five hundred miles, without the impendence of a dollar, on the people, and without the least public or private sacrifice. On the contrary the active resources of the nation would be greatly increased, by the establishment of Bank stock to a great amount, and of Internal Improvement stock to a much greater. It is true that all this resource would not be disengaged at once; but as the charters of all the banks are limited, as they expire, it would be drawn into activity.
There is one further view, presented by this subject, which we cannot resist noticing. At the end of a given period, say fifty years, let the states possess the right of buying out the stockholders, at a certain advance on the original capital, of fixing anew the tolls, and of disposing of the whole or a part of the stock. This will bring the tolls to a moderate and equitable amount. But, as at that period, the population and wealth of the country will be vastly extended, and the conveyance of productions increased in an equal degree, a low toll will produce a large revenue; and in this way will the states be enabled to raise a sum equal, it is believed to the support of their governments, without any resort to direct taxation.
One other effect will be attained by the creation of this stock. It will prevent any injuries that might otherwise arise from the extinguishment of the present stock of the United States. If those principles of policy, which at present guide the administration of the government, continue to prevail, the whole of the existing debt will be soon redeemed, and a large mass of circulating medium be extinguished. A better expedient than the one suggested could not, perhaps, be devised, to prevent the real or apprehended evils that might arise from a change too suddenly induced, or from an incompetent circulating medium.
The reply of the tribune Carion Nisas, to the speech of Carnot, on the vote for raising Bonaparte to the Diadem.
Nisas after declaring his intention to observe the most inflexible moderation, proceeded—
Citizen Carnot is afraid that the measures proposed (the nomination of emperor, and the appointment of an hereditary succession) amount to nothing short of the total and absolute destruction of the republic, and that those who support them have either the intention, or are so unfortunate as to give up liberty and the country the prey of a despot.—What! because the first magistrate shall be called emperor, and because his power shall become hereditary, shall there no longer exist in France liberty or a country? shall we have no law or a social compact? for according to his opinion, the first wants of a people are inconsistent with such a species of dominion, such a form of the supreme magistracy. Thus thought not that zealous republican, J. J. Rousseau, who has formally declared, that every legitimate government, that is, a government founded on law, is a republican. What! is there any man who would now talk of putting men above the law? (1) What government is more legitimate which
proposes, organizes, accepts itself, which is inconsistent with the liberty, the maturity, and the solemnity which preceded it, which inspired the measures which we adopt, and which presides over their discussion?
Citizen Carnot is afraid of beholding the return of the ancient monarchy of France, of feudal and proprietary royalty. Very little reflection is necessary to shew, that betwixt that species of royalty, and that which we now propose, there is as great difference as betwixt light and darkness. Royalty began with taking possession of the land, with the seizure of the persons of those who inhabited it. The inhabitants were then homines potestates adicti globe . It was on these monstrous fictions that the rights, titles, and Jus of the government of royalty were founded.—The king of the French, such as the constituent assembly wished to appoint him, the emperor of the French republic, such as we now wish to establish, is neither the proprietor of the soil, nor of those by whom it is inhabited. He is the head of the French by their voluntary choice. His dominion is moral, and no servitude can legally proceed from such a system. (2)
Citizen Carnot seems to believe that the result to which we now direct our attention has been long beforehand prepared by a desire constant and indefatigable. On the contrary it is a fact, and I call on those who know it best to declare (and there are many who can do so) that the first consul was the last to enter into this sort of holy conspiracy in favour of the country, formed on the ninth of November by a small number, among whom I had the honor to be one; a small number, which successively increased till it became an innumerable multitude—the whole French people, whose wish it is impossible to disobey. It is true that the object was at first concealed, that the end in view was disclosed with a certain degree of address, that the precautions necessary to secure its success were adopted. There were (and citizen Carnot continues among that number) a number of citizens, the number of which have daily diminished, who, full of revolutionary prejudices and errors, had not benefited by the lessons of reflection and experience, and who were not yet capable of admitting them. It is this that rendered address necessary in disclosing the light to a person diseased who has been long deprived of it. In the midst of this activity of wise opinions which were advancing to improvement, and of erroneous notions which seemed to take a retrograde course, the first consul shewed a resistance and a reluctance as sincere as for a long time invincible, to the result of which he perceives the necessity. He was, however, the last to perceive it, and it is only a few days since that, compelled by the public voice, that you see him publish those addresses which six months ago poured on him from all parts of the republic, supported by the warm solicitations of the magistrates and public functionaries, and which he has hitherto suppressed. The alarm created by the attempts at assassination against the person of the first consul by the prospect of the frightful evils which would have followed from them, had they taken effect, have strengthened every resolution and hastened every measure. The first consul is ambitious of glory. He is zealous for it; but it is proper that he should consider power as glory. A word from him, a single emotion of that great soul which he could disclose to the country, will render that truth more evident than all the details, and all the affections which I could adduce. One day the first consul spoke with the most profound sensibility of the miseries of the revolution: some one wished to weaken his emotion by a representation of the refusal of that great crisis, and in conclusion said to him, "it does not belong to you citizen first consul, to be affected at the revolution—without it you would never have been elevated to the rank which you now hold, and you would never have acquired that immense glory with which you are crowned." "Well!" exclaimed Bonaparte, "would to God that France had never heard of me—that its government had never been guilty of such errors, and that its people had never experienced such miseries!" "No, the man whose heart gave birth to these expressions, which I concede to history, sees, in the aggrandizement of his power, only the increase of public happiness. He sees in his own grandeur only the glory of the nation. He accepts the rank which is offered to him, and he has not eagerly courted it.—There is a certain species of ambition which is above certain low views."
Citizen Carnot (continued Carion Nisas) wishes to alarm us by the example of the Cæsars, and the disorders of the Roman empire. This fear, however, is very ill founded, and the analogy by no means just. On the contrary, the great misfortune and the capital defect of the power with which the Cæsars were invested, arose from that power not being hereditary; the privilege of adoption destroyed every thing, and election threw things into confusion;—and these are precisely the inconveniences to which the system we now wish to introduce is
directly opposed. By persisting in a system nearly similar to that of Rome, Poland has been destroyed. By adopting one nearly similar to ours, Russia has made a very considerable step to its consolidation.
Citizen Carnot has had recourse to the Roman republic, and has exhibited to us a perfect government and liberty at the same time wisely preserved in that vast state: without doubt it became great indeed; but in proportion as it became great, did it become also democratic? In order to render the government effective, did they not perceive the necessity of a single head? Citizen Carnot is convinced of this truth, and admits the temporary remedy of the dictatorship—temporary indeed in regard to the people who intended only to establish it for a short time; but that might become perpetual in the hands of an enterprising and ambitious dictator, a bloody transition from democratical licentiousness to an empire indefinite and without a constitution, or in other words an absolute despotism.
Citizen Carnot urges an objection against the hereditary system, which is real and cannot be eradicated. It is certain that this species of government sometimes makes nations enter into domestic interests, and enhances family quarrels. This, no doubt, is a danger; but what human institution is without danger? But these interests have at least some reality, some utility among the people at large, and this danger is less than that to which nations are often exposed in consequence of espousing the quarrel, and enlisting themselves on the side of the personal passions, quarrels, and interests of their rulers or their orators. Pericles was not an hereditary prince, but for an insult offered to Aspasia, the Grecian republic was set on flames. (3) In the best times of the Roman republic, espousing sometimes the interest of a tribune, and at another that of some other factious party, involved the senate in constant alarm; and the senate, sacrificing the people to their private interests and private quarrels, embroiled them with their offending and unoffending neighbours. The pretext for a foreign war was never wanting when the senate dreaded the approach of civil broils, and the blood of the people continued to flow.
This brings me to the consideration which citizen Carnot urged by way of anticipation, as far as regards our relation with foreign powers. Surely it is only necessary to employ the slightest degree of common sense, to see that they will a thousand times prefer a government analogous to their own, to a government always menacing, because the principle of its establishment would be opposite, and consequently inimical. The government of an individual has for its guarantee abroad, the wisdom, the maturity, the experience of the prince; there is neither wisdom, maturity, nor experience in a prince certainly liable to change, and that eternal effervescence of popular government, a prey to every passion, eternally menaces and agitates the interests of surrounding states, and confounds all the relations of external politics. This recalls to my recollection the observations of the profound and prophetic remark of a statesman (M. de Mercier Argenteau) the minister of the house of Austria, who, about the time of the greatest revolutionary convulsions, was asked, whether if he thought seriously that with German arms he could replace the Bourbons on the throne, he would not rather prefer leaving the republic quiet to govern itself, as those then in power judged most expedient? We know well, (answered this wise politician) that we cannot make France accept masters when she is determined not to receive. We know also, that raw, and inexperienced as her armies are, they will more than once beat our troops, and cause dreadful loss. We will support these reverses, and we will continue to fight, sometimes advancing and sometimes retreating, according to the varieties of fortune. At the end of some years, a general or a politician must necessarily arise in France, who will seize on the government, who will reduce every thing to regular order, and with him shall conclude a peace. That would be impossible; it would be frivolous with a revolutionary species of government, which would for ever threaten to set Europe in flames. I confess that this statesman appears to be more sagacious, more wise than our colleague, who proposed to us seriously the example of the United States of America.
It is not now for the first time that this example has been held forth, and it is not for the first time that it has been combated. After the shameful and perfidious flight of the late king to Varennes, Vadier proposed in the constituent assembly, the example of the American government, and invited that assembly to give to France a similar constitution. Barrere spoke against this proposition—Why was this so much to be regretted victim of the Decemviral proscriptions preserved? and might he not now repeat with that facility of eloquence which we all so much admired. Why cannot I sufficiently remember his arguments and his words to repeat them to our colleagues? If I recollect rightly, he said,
"a population thinly scattered on a most extensive soil—a new people on a new land—a people whose activity will for a long period be satisfied by numerous and easy means of subsistence—a state insulated on a vast hemisphere, surrounded by impenetrable forests and vast seas, can never be brought into comparison with a people surrounded by enterprising and restless nations, itself restless and enterprising, like all those populous and civilized states, among which the means of provisions are dear in proportion to their luxury and population." Consider what he said a little, and that the impression made by it on the constituent assembly was so powerful that not a word more was said of a presidential or federal government. (5)
(1) Yet the new order of things declares that the emperor shall not be responsible for the acts of his administration.
(2) But this is a distinction without a difference; the man who cannot be brought to account for his actions, and who has an army at his command, needs no other recognized power over the men or the soil—his will is the law.
(3) This parallel is drawn from the conduct of one usurper and artful hypocrite to sanction another.
(4) This is an argument in favor of and not against popular governments; despotisms always combine the evils of aristocracy or oligarchy, the creatures of the despot are then the oligarchs.
(5) Joel Barlow's second letter to the people of the United States, would have been worth the perusal of this man if he had not been a minion as he fancies and debased as any that flattered Augustus.
UNITED STATES, District of Columbia, County of Washington, in Chancery, 14 August, 1804.
SAMUEL CRAIG } Complainant. vs. ROBT. M'CLANN, WM. M'LAN, WILLIAM KING, } Defendants.
THE bill states that WILLIAM KING, one of the defendants being seized in fee of part of lot No. 41 in George Town, did on the 20th day of September, 1793, lease the same to ROBERT M'CLANN, one of the other defendants for ninety nine years renewable forever; that afterwards, to wit, on the 3d day of September, 1795, after the same had been possessed and improved, sold and conveyed the said lease and premises, for a valuable consideration to the said WILLIAM KING, that afterwards the said WILLIAM KING being thus as it was believed, seized of the said lot and premises sold and conveyed the same for a valuable consideration to the complainant who together with those holding under him hath possessed the same ever since and still does hold and possess it. That the complainant had lately discovered on the records of Washington county, a deed of assignment from the said ROBERT M'CLANN to a certain WM. M'CLANN, dated on the 2nd day of May, 1794, purporting to convey all the estate and interest of the said Robert in the said lot and premises to the said WM. M'CLANN, which deed is prior to the deed of lease from Robt. M'Clann to W. King, that the said Robert M'Clann states that the said deed to Wm. M'Clann was never intended to have been recorded, that it was taken from his desk without his privity, consent or knowledge and in express violation of the contract and agreement made between the said Robert and Wm. M'Clann. The complainant states that the whole transaction of the deed of assignment from Robt. to Wm. M'Clann as well as the execution as the placing of it on record was fraudulent.—The object of the bill is to set aside and vacate the said deed from Robert M'Clann to Wm. M'Clann, and to confirm the complainants title to the lot and premises.
The bill further states, That Wm. M'Clann one of the defendants does not reside within the district of Columbia nor within the reach of the process of this court.
It is on the complainant's motion ordered, that he procure a copy of this order to be inserted at least three times in the National Intelligencer, and the Washington Federalist before the first day of October next, to the intent that the said Wm. M'Clann and all other persons concerned may have notice of the complainant's application, and the substance and object of his bill, and that the said Wm. M'Clann may be warned to appear here in person or by solicitor on or before the fourth Monday in December next, to show cause if any he can why it should not be decreed as prayed for in and by the said bill. Copy test URIAH FORREST, Aug. 22—3t Clerks.
NOTICE.
At a meeting of sundry citizens, of the second fire ward of the City of Washington, called by Captain James Hoban, appointed for that purpose by the Mayor on Monday the 20th August 1804—at Rhode's Hotel—JAMES DAVIDSON, was unanimously called to the Chair—JOHN HEWITT was appointed Secretary.
Resolved, that a committee of five, be appointed to prepare rules and regulations for the establishment of a fire company, for said ward, and that said committee report the same at a meeting of the citizens of said ward, which shall be held at Rhode's Hotel on Friday week next, at 6 o'clock P. M.
Resolved, That Messrs. Hoban, James, Wheaton, Hewitt and Carpenter, be said committee.
Resolved, That these resolutions be published in the National Intelligencer. JAMES DAVIDSON, Chairman, JOHN HEWITT, Secretary. August 22—

WASHINGTON CITY,
WEDNESDAY, August 22.
Extract of a letter dated Nantz, 10th June, 1804.
I now inform you that a new duty of 30 centimes per ton has been but a few days ago established by government on all foreign vessels entering the river Loire...
The case of the ship Minerva of Boston, capt. Job, William Hall, mentioned in my last, was ultimately decided by the minister of marine at Paris. She was ordered out of the port as coming from England...
Perhaps it would be advisable that the merchants of the United States do not send their vessels to Falmouth, Cowes or any port of Great Britain for a market, when they have some views on France.
The citizens of Washington will perceive that we have inserted, agreeably to request, a communication from Mr. George Andrews, in justification of his vote in the second chamber of the Council, on the bill for the establishment of a permanent institution for the instruction of youth.
For the NATIONAL INTELLIGENCER.
Friday evening, Aug. 17, 1804.
MR. SMITH, Sir,
I respectfully solicit your attention to the following, and expect from your candour and impartiality the favour of giving it publicity. In your paper of this morning I observed a statement of votes given in the Common Council on the endowing a permanent institution for the instruction of youth...
that measure was solely with a view of benefiting the public; for my own part I have frequently been reproached as a citizen of Washington, when far removed from it, with an indifference to the situation of our streets...
The maintenance of our poor is at present a heavy burthen but a necessary one; it is believed that considerable retrenchments might be made, if a house was erected where such as are able might be employed to the advantage of the public.
Messrs. Herford, Smallwood, Lenox, Carpenter, Jones, Andrews, Sinclair, McCormick, Woodward.
Captain Brent's absence from the city renders his sentiments on the bill doubtful, at all events it is uncertain which side the majority would preponderate.
tion will be ineluctable to him, for his quarterly payment rolls on with as much celerity as if he had made use of the greatest energy; such will not likely be the case where his sole dependance as a teacher is on his exertion to make his scholars excel others...
GEORGE ANDREWS.
NEW-YORK, August 18.
Our minister at France, Mr. Livingston, has forwarded the annexed letters to the president of the Academy of art, by which it appears that the Emperor Bonaparte, Denon (whose travels in Egypt are well known) and Barbe Marbois, formerly minister from France to this country, have become honorary members of the institution.
TRANSLATION Malmaison, 20 Germinal, year 12 (April 10, 1804.)
Mr. Edward Livingston, President of the Academy of Arts of New-York.
I have learnt with interest by your letter of the 24th December, 1803, the establishment of the Literary Society of New-York; and since it has been agreeable to your Academy that I should be one of its members, you will express to it the pleasure with which I accept, and my acknowledgments of the good opinion it entertains of me.
I salute you, BONAPARTE.
Treasury Department, Paris, 1 Floreal, year 12 of the republic. (April 20, 1804.)
The minister of the public treasury, to Mr. Edward Livingston, President of the Academy of Arts of New-York.
SIR,
I have received your letter announcing, that the Academy of New-York has given me a place among its honorary members.
I gratefully receive the compliment thus addressed to me, which is rendered more valuable by other considerations which already attach me to your country.
Accept Sir,
The assurance of my attachment and of my distinguished sentiments towards you. BARBE MARBOIS.
Paris, 21 Germinal, year 12, (April 11 1804.)
MUSEUM NAPOLEON, Vivant Denon, Member of the National Institute, of the legion of Honor; Director General of the Napoleon Museum of Coins and medals, &c. and honorary member of the American Society.
To Mr. Livingston, President of the New-York Academy of arts.
SIR,
I have just received the letter in which you inform me, that the New-York Academy of Arts has been pleased to add me to the number of its honorary members.
Nothing is so flattering, nothing gives a greater value to excellence than being adopted by a respectable society, by a society whose object it is to select from ancient nations, all that can tend to enlighten a country, the infancy of which it has witnessed; and of which it will promote the vigorous maturity.
I beg you Sir, to express to the society, how much I value the honor it has conferred on me, and to assure it, that I shall be very happy in an opportunity of evincing my sensibility, my zeal and my respectful attachment.
Accept Sir,
The expression of my high consideration. DENON.
THOMAS MOORE.—A London periodical publication announces the early appearance of a poem by MOORE, the author of Little's Poems, and translator of Anacreon, called the Philosophy of Pleasure.
Vaccination.—A successful experiment has lately been made at Lyons, to try the effect of vaccination in preserving fine woolled sheep of the Merino breed, from the ravages of the scab, which prevails among the common sheep in the neighbourhood.
ROME, May 26.
It is rumoured that a pope's bull will shortly appear to reinstate the Jesuits in the kingdom of Naples. Grand preparations are in forwardness for his holiness, and several Cardinals journey to Lyons, that his Imperial majesty Napoleon the first, may be crowned by his holiness, Emperor of the French.
HAGUE, June 13.
Whereas several captains of American vessels have lately at their departure from Rotterdam, kidnapped several children of both sexes, government has decreed on the 5th instant, to wit— That the Secretary of state, for foreign departments, be ordered to make known to all Consuls and Commissaries of foreign powers near the republic, that in case they deliver passports in future to other persons than subjects or citizens of their sovereigns, they, or such Consuls or Commissaries, shall be deprived of their exequaturs.
FRANKFORD, June 10.
We are informed from the frontiers of Silesia, that at Neisse have been arrested, at the request of the French, Gen. Labore, and citizen Feineteres, both concerned in the late conspiracy at Paris, the first has been chief of the staff to Moreau, and the last his secretary.
PARIS, June 12.
It is reported that Moreau has his castle assigned to him, for his two years imprisonment, where he is to remain upon his word of honor.
Yesterday the wife of Polignac, at St. Cloud, threw herself at the feet of his Imperial majesty, at the time he was passing from the minister's saloon into the apartments of her imperial majesty. That unfortunate lady had been since six o'clock with her majesty, who attentively listened to her petition, and gave her animating hopes.
To be Sold, On Thursday the 27th day of September on the premises to the highest bidder, if not disposed of by private sale before that day.
THE tract of land whereon I now live in Fairfax Co. Virginia, on Pope's Head creek, containing 55 acres, the situation is agreeable and healthy; there is on it an excellent mill seat on the above mentioned creek, with an inexhaustible quantity of grey free stone, and an abundance of good red and white oak, poplars, and hickory timber to erect the dam and necessary buildings on the spot; there is on this creek which washes this tract, for about two miles, a very considerable portion of the first quality meadow land, there is a considerable quantity of fresh land, just opened, and nearly half of the tract to cut; it is situated about 20 miles of George Town, Washington, Alexandria and Dumfries, it is considered the best piece of forest land in the country—the terms of payment will be one third paid down, one third in 18 months and the other third in three years; an indispensable title will be made to the purchaser. The public is assured that the sale will take place if not privately disposed of before the day of sale, as I am determined to remove to the state of Kentucky this fall—Also on the same day and place, will be sold, all my stock of every sort, plantation utensils, household and kitchen furniture and the present crop now on hand for ready cash.
THOMAS POLLARD. August 22—tdof
TO THE INVISIBLE GIRL.
By THOMAS MOORE.
They try to persuade me my dear little spirit, That you are not a daughter of ether and light, Nor have any concern with those fanciful forms, Who dance upon rainbows, and ride upon storms.
Runaway Negro.
WAS committed to the goal of Frederick county, on the 25th July last, negro JOE,
about 28 years old, five feet 8 inches high, yellowish complexion, has scars on each of his hands, with burns, particularly on the left hand: His clothes are tow linen shirts and trowsers, a blue great coat, &c. He says he belongs to col. WILLIAM WINN, of Harford county, North Carolina, and that he has been absent from his master about two years. If his OWNER does not release him he will be sold for his GOAL FEES agreeably to law.
GEORGE GREAGER, Sheriff of Frederick county. Aug. 22—1 w8.
A GARDENER
Who understands ALL the branches of His Business, is SOBER, HONEST and INDUSTRIOUS, (and no other need apply.) Will meet with a GOOD place by applying to the printer. If he will also engage to manage well a small farm his wages will be INCREASED.
Legionary Orders.
A Legionary court of enquiry will be held at RHODES's hotel in the city of Washington on Saturday the 25th inst. at 9 o'clock A. M. for the purpose of hearing appeals from the battalion courts, and for other duties required by the law. The commanding officers of Battalions and companies, and others interested are requested to pay due attention to this order. By order of Lieut. col. com't BRENT.
WILLIAM D. BEALL. Adjutant of the 1st Leg. Militia, D. Aug. 22—2t.

County of Washington,  In the District of Columbia, to wit:  WHEREAS Washington Boyd, collector of the county tax, for the county of Washington this day returned to the Board of commissioners of said county, the following list of Lands and Lots of ground in said county on which there is no personal property to pay the said taxes—to wit:
Robert Allison, Lot no 7 sq 63 20 1 2 Henry Appleton Lot 10 sq 608 Lot 6 sq 610, Lot 9 sq 611 Lot 6 sq 612 Lots 3 and 8 sq 614 Lot 6 sq 604 sq 608 4 4 1 2 Henry Addison, Lot 11 sq 611 20 John Appleton, Lot 6 sq 614 23 3 4 Thomas Addison, Lot 3 sq 607 Lots 4 5 6 sq 703 1 Daniel Addison one tract of land containing 222 acres 3 3 2 Sam. Bladger one Lot in George Town, Lot 4 and 20 sq 4 in Washington city Lots 1 and 3 sq 11 Lot 5 sq 12 Lot 21 sq 16 Lots 1 and 2 sq 13 Lot 5 sq 54 Lot 10 sq 84 Lot 5 sq 124 Lots 22 23 and 24 sq 253 Lots 7 and 8 sq 264 Lots 7 and 8 sq 404 part of sq 683 part of sq 475 Lots 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297 298 299 300 301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 319 320 321 322 323 324 325 326 327 328 329 330 331 332 333 334 335 336 337 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 345 346 347 348 349 350 351 352 353 354 355 356 357 358 359 360 361 362 363 364 365 366 367 368 369 370 371 372 373 374 375 376 377 378 379 380 381 382 383 384 385 386 387 388 389 390 391 392 393 394 395 396 397 398 399 400 401 402 403 404 405 406 407 408 409 410 411 412 413 414 415 416 417 418 419 420 421 422 423 424 425 426 427 428 429 430 431 432 433 434 435 436 437 438 439 440 441 442 443 444 445 446 447 448 449 450 451 452 453 454 455 456 457 458 459 460 461 462 463 464 465 466 467 468 469 470 471 472 473 474 475 476 477 478 479 480 481 482 483 484 485 486 487 488 489 490 491 492 493 494 495 496 497 498 499 500 501 502 503 504 505 506 507 508 509 510 511 512 513 514 515 516 517 518 519 520 521 522 523 524 525 526 527 528 529 530 531 532 533 534 535 536 537 538 539 540 541 542 543 544 545 546 547 548 549 550 551 552 553 554 555 556 557 558 559 560 561 562 563 564 565 566 567 568 569 570 571 572 573 574 575 576 577 578 579 580 581 582 583 584 585 586 587 588 589 590 591 592 593 594 595 596 597 598 599 600 601 602 603 604 605 606 607 608 609 610 611 612 613 614 615 616 617 618 619 620 621 622 623 624 625 626 627 628 629 630 631 632 633 634 635 636 637 638 639 640 641 642 643 644 645 646 647 648 649 650 651 652 653 654 655 656 657 658 659 660 661 662 663 664 665 666 667 668 669 670 671 672 673 674 675 676 677 678 679 680 681 682 683 684 685 686 687 688 689 690 691 692 693 694 695 696 697 698 699 700 701 702 703 704 705 706 707 708 709 710 711 712 713 714 715 716 717 718 719 720 721 722 723 724 725 726 727 728 729 730 731 732 733 734 735 736 737 738 739 740 741 742 743 744 745 746 747 748 749 750 751 752 753 754 755 756 757 758 759 760 761 762 763 764 765 766 767 768 769 770 771 772 773 774 775 776 777 778 779 780 781 782 783 784 785 786 787 788 789 790 791 792 793 794 795 796 797 798 799 800 801 802 803 804 805 806 807 808 809 810 811 812 813 814 815 816 817 818 819 820 821 822 823 824 825 826 827 828 829 830 831 832 833 834 835 836 837 838 839 840 841 842 843 844 845 846 847 848 849 850 851 852 853 854 855 856 857 858 859 860 861 862 863 864 865 866 867 868 869 870 871 872 873 874 875 876 877 878 879 880 881 882 883 884 885 886 887 888 889 890 891 892 893 894 895 896 897 898 899 900 901 902 903 904 905 906 907 908 909 910 911 912 913 914 915 916 917 918 919 920 921 922 923 924 925 926 927 928 929 930 931 932 933 934 935 936 937 938 939 940 941 942 943 944 945 946 947 948 949 950 951 952 953 954 955 956 957 958 959 960 961 962 963 964 965 966 967 968 969 970 971 972 973 974 975 976 977 978 979 980 981 982 983 984 985 986 987 988 989 990 991 992 993 994 995 996 997 998 999 1000
598 lot 15 sq 511 60 Robert Darnat lot 4 sq 608 20 John Duluy part of sq 695 50 Tomas Dick lot 7 sq 704 (paid) 20 Tristram Dilton lots 10 11 sq 925 lots 4 5 6 7 sq 1001 7 27 Desrois and Nicholson's wharf and warehouse and 7 same houses 7 20 Thomas Dabbon 1-2 of lot 4 sq 289 31 1-2 Benjamin Declary lots 6 7 sq 725 1 96 George Ehrenzeller lots 6 11 16 sq 385 lot 16 sq 517 lot 16 sq 589 40 John Eden lot 15 sq 656 lot 5 sq 1008 sq 1774 60 Joseph Elliott part of lot 6 sq 78 36 1-2 George Elkridge lots 1 2 sq 107 22 1-2 Ebenezer Eliason part of lot 5 sq 118 with house thereon 1 80 Wm Fitzhugh lot 1 sq 654 20 Forrest and Stoddert lot 2 sq 1 lot 3 sq north of sq 4 lots 2 4 6 26 sq 5 lot 7 sq 6 lots 2 3 8 12 sq 12 lots 1 2 3 12 13 14 15 16 17 sq 17 lots 23 24 25 28 29 sq 23 lots 1 2 3 sq 29 lots 1 2 6 sq 30 lots 1 2 8 10 14 15 16 31 lots 1 10 sq 40 lots 1 2 3 4 5 14 15 16 sq 41 lots 1 2 11 12 13 14 15 16 sq 42 lots 1 2 12 sq 56 lots 5 6 sq 57 lot 7 sq 61 lot 10 sq 62 lots 13 14 15 16 sq 79 lots 6 7 8 sq 81 lots 4 7 square 87 lots 10 11 sq 88 lot 4 sq 121 lots 2 3 sq 122 lots 1 2 3 9 10 11 12 13 19 and part of 16 sq 141 lots 11 14 sq 142 lots 1 2 3 and an half of 18 19 20 and 4 sq 143 lots 6 sq 144 and an half of 15 and lot 16 sq 168 lots 1 5 6 7 10 11 sq 28 lots 1 2 11 12 13 14 15 16 sq 55 lots 3 4 5 6 7 sq 37 lot 12 28 sq 78 lots 1 2 3 sq 85 lots 7 8 14 15 20 21 sq 86 lots 8 9 10 sq 166 lots 15 16 17 18 and 19 square 126 64 8 3-4 A. Fishers heirs one half of lot 1 sq 57 half of lot 6 sq 122 45 1-4 John F. part of sq 1067 sq 938 sq 986 sq 919 and sq 1042 4 71 3 4 Abraham Eaw lots 16 17 sq 86 28 Joshua Gregg part of sq 503 3 80 Henry Gaither lot 1 sq west of 14 lots 2 3 sq 104 lots 22 and 23 sq 127 2 99 1 2 Michael Gangavarre lot 2 sq 62 15 3-4 Frederick Golden's heirs lot 6 sq 79 68 3-4 Reverend Mr. Golden lot 1 sq eighty 60 Michael Groff lot 13 sq 88 35 1-2 Henry Gail lot 12 sq 89 20 1-2 Philip Gadton lots 19 and 80 sq 169 lots 1 2 3 sq 534 1 20 1-2 James Greenleaf's assignees lots 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 24 26 27 and 28 sq 231 sq 296 sq 411 and part of sq 74 66 Levi Green part of sq 502 66 Richard Gricey part of sq 503 part of sq 779 lot 5 sq 1067 lot 5 sq 218 with house on sq 503 4 42 1-2 Sam. Galloway lots 4 9 sq 601 lot 14 sq 611 60 Richard Graham lot 16 sq 608 lot 6 sq 655 40 Gillis, Gronewaldt, Rudolph Mess and Pieter, Vander Waller, Van Vollen, Haven sq 630 sq 680 sq 681 sq 682 sq 725 sq 730 sq 756 sq 783 sq 784 sq 797 sq 8 5 sq 817 sq 819 sq 838 sq 840 sq 869 sq 871 sq 872 sq 873 sq 898 sq 900 sq 920 sq 921 sq 941 sq 943 sq 945 sq 971 sq 989 sq 991 sq 1013 sq 1017 sq 1038 sq 1041 sq 1061 sq 1113 12 lots in square 1114 in sq 1103 12 lots in sq 1119 12 lots in sq 993 10 lots in sq 788 65 53 1-2 Sam. Griffin lot 9 sq 728 61 1-4 Pieter Godfrey, Ruger Jan. Schimmelpondick and Robert Daniel Cromelin sqs 483 484 514 516 527 556 557 558 559 561 624 675 676 677 678 679 719 720 721 722 752 753 754 755 12 lots in sq 482 12 lots in sq 512 2 lots in sq 524 9 lots in sq 525 12 lots in sq 526 12 lots in sq 528 24 lot in sq 560 22 lots in sq 562 12 lots in sq 563 8 lots in sq 565 52 lots in sq 622 52 lots in sq 623 43 23 1-2 24 lots in sq 625 43 23 1-2 James Gilchrist lots 8 19 22 sq 78 lot 4 sq 107 lot 4 sq 106 2 13 John Gowan Lot 3 sq 86 64 3-4 Sam Griffin lot 6 sq 200 lot 6 sq 456 1 2 1-2 Valentine Hoff lot 7 sq 80 lot 15 sq 81 1 33 1-2 Geo Holtien lots 16 17 sq 81 1 29 Henry Hillary jr lot 2 sq 83 69 John Hais's Devisees lot 13
sq 34 68 3-4 John Hackett lot 25 sq 88 69 John Himmell lot 25 sq 88 69 David Harry lot 13 sq 122 69 Christopher Hugus lot 6 sq 169 68 Maximilian Heusler sq 582 4 47 1-2 Henry Hill lot 3 sq 602 lot 4 sq 650 lot 2 sq 704 63 3-4 Martha Hall lot 8 sq 606 20 Richard Henderson lot 14 sq 610 lot 10 sq 704 40 Robert T. Hooe lot 2 sq 655 20 Jonathan Hall lot 4 sq 656 20 Wm Hemme: fly lot 10 sq 657 lot 8 sq east of 667 lot ten sq 667 1 Wm Hindman lot 9 sq 665 20 J. Hepburn lot 19 sq 703 20 Ringold Hillary lot 9 sq 705 20 Joseph Hickman part of sq 929 with the house thereon 2 19 1-2 Peter Hall part of sq 700 with the house thereon 41 Simon Halbert part of sq 825 40 1-4 Wm Heye 1 2 of lot 4 sq 289 31 1-4 Christian Hughes lot eleven sq 193 20 Wm Johnson one tract of land called Johnson's Poplar Springs containing 100 acres 73 Wm Jarret lot 4 sq 79 68 3-4 Thomas Johns heirs Lot one sq. one hundred and twenty one, Lot 9, sq. 63 89 1-2 Wm. A Johnston Lot 21 sq. 169 48 1-4 Thomas Jennings, Lot 11, sq. 665, lot 13 sq 666 lot 14 sq 703 80 Ch. Jenners part of square 695 with the house thereon 41 3-4 James Johnston jr. lot 8 sq 705 20 John Johnston lot 18 sq 254 70 3-4 Thomas Johnston jun heirs and Robert Johnston part of a tract of land called Scotland and Barbadoes containing 150 acres 1 38 Lodowick Kemp lot 3 sq 56 69 Henry Konz lot 8 sq 61 69 Henry Klinger lot 6 sq 80 1 61 Christian Kemp lot 6 sq 63 lot 17 sq 104 89 3-4 Andrew Keller lot 12 sq 79 68 3-4 James K. lot 6 sq 61 69 Frederick Kemp lot 11 sq 124 69 Albert Kemp lot 10 sq 80 68 3-4 Laurence Keeger lot 1 sq 89 32 Peter Kemp: lot 1 sq 124 69 Nicholas Kinon lot 19 sq 88 68 3-4 Patrick King lot 11 sq 787 33 Thomas Keiland lot 3 sq 200 58 1-2 John Kennedy lot 10 sq 253 33 Kerrick and Purcell lot 8 sq 686 with the house thereon one house and Lot in Georgetown 8 33 1-2 Andrew King lot 11 sq 84 69 1-2 John Lingenfelter lot 2 sq 103 69 Wm Lux lot sq 667 lot 1 sq east of sq 667 80 Darby Lux lot 8 sq 661 20 A. Leitch lot 4 sq 660 20 Edward Langley lots 2 14 sq 691 34 3-4 Wm Lane lot 3 sq 107 1 20 1-2 Abraham Lindo lot 5 sq 107 with the house thereon 44 1-4 Peter Charles L'Enfant lot 30 sq 127 20 John B. Laith lot 8 sq 322 43 3-4 A. Lawson lot 15 sq 608 lot 6 sq 708 80 Francis Leck lot 6 sq 611 lot 5 sq 665 40 Morris and Nicholson's assignees 1 3 4 sq 102 lots 1 2 3 9 10 11 12 14 sq 120 lots 10 16 17 18 sq 102 lots 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 19 20 sq 550 lots 3 4 5 sq west of 553 lots 7 8 9 10 sq 1125 1-2 of lot 6 lots 7 8 9 sq 1126 lots 9 10 11 sq 1127 lots 3 4 5 sq 1128 lots 10 11 12 13 sq 1129 lots 3 4 5 6 sq 1132 lots 7 8 9 sq 1133 lots 3 4 5 sq 1134 lots 9 10 11 sq 1135 lots 3 4 5 6 sq 1136 lots 7 8 9 10 sq 1137 lots 3 4 5 sq 1138 lots 6 7 8 sq 1139 lots 3 4 5 sq 1140 lots 6 7 8 9 sq south of sq 1140 lots 3 4 5 6 sq 1141 lots 10 11 12 sq 1142 lots 3 4 5 sq 1143 lots 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 sq 1145 lots 9 10 11 sq 1146 lots 1 2 3 4 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 sq 556 lots 6 9 10 sq 74 part of 5 12 13 sq 74 lots 10 11 sq 219 lots 1 2 3 sq 458 lots 3 4 6 sq 219 25 76 Casper Mantz lot 10 sq 56 69 James McCormick 1 2 of lot 2 sq 60 34 1-2 William McGrath lot 1 sq 61 69 Philip H. Myers lot 11 sq 61 69 Jacob Myer lot 8 sq 80 lot 12 sq 88 lot 4 sq 141 3 56 3-4 Samuel Miller lot 8 sq 144 1 6 1-4 David Merky lot 6 sq 142 69 Luther Martin lots 13 14 15 16 17 1 2 of 18 sq 143 3 9 1-2 William M'Creery lot 16 sq 169 59 Benjamin Morris lots 23 24 sq 77 62 1-2 (To be continued.)
Doctor MAGRUDER, HAS for sale a few head of 4th prof Jamaica spirits, lashed and lamp oil, spirits of turpentine, window glass, glaziers, diamonds, glue, lamp black, white lead, Spanish brown, yellow ochre, chalk, Spanish whiting, Venetian red, red lead, verdigris, drop lake, flake white, patent yellow, rose and Dutch pink, kings yellow, Turkey umber, gold and silver leaf, painters and sweeping brushes, camels hair pencils, water colours in boxes, Spanish indigo, fig blue, arnott, red wood, alkanet, madder, logwood, turmeric, salt petre, alum, copperas, sweet oil, pearl barley, timothy and clover seed, tamarinds, castor oil, marble mortars, spring truffles, ginger, cinnamon, cloves, mace, Chings worm destroying lozenges, an assortment of paper hangings, playing cards, copy slips, ink powder, English Latin, Greek and French school books, large family bibles, and his usual complete assortment of drugs and medicine, patent medicine, surgeons instruments, &c. George Town, July 20—tf
Ten Dollars Reward. Ranaway from the subscriber living in Calvert County on the 19th inst a negro lad named WILLIE, about 5 feet 2 or 3 inches high of a yellowish complexion a sensible and artful villain; had on and took with him sundry clothes unknown—I expect he will endeavor to get to Annapolis, Baltimore or George Town, at which latter place he has a father living. Any person apprehending said negro so that I get him again shall receive the above reward if out of the county, but if in the county 10 dollars and all reasonable expenses paid by JAMES HUGHES. August 3—6w
(BY AUTHORITY.)  Scheme of a Lottery. To build an ACADEMY in the city of Richmond. Dollars. 1 Prize—last drawn ticket, having a blank to its number, 40,000 10,000 1 do. 5,000 5 do. of 1,000 make 5,000 6 do. — 500 — 3,000 10 do. — 200 — 2,000 20 do. — 100 — 2,000 100 do. — 50 — 5,000 250 do. — 30 — 7,500 420 do. — 25 — 10,500 1,500 do. — 20 — 30,000 3,000 do. — 15 — 45,000 1st drawn ticket after 1,000 having a blank to its number, 250 1 do. after 2,000 do. 250 1 do. do. 3,000 do. 250 1 do. do. 4,000 do. 250 1 do. do. 5,000 do. 500 1 do. do. 6,000 do. 500 1 do. do. 8,000 do. 500 1 do. do. 10,000 do. 500 1 do. do. 12,000 do. 500 1 do. do. 13,000 do. 500 1 do. do. 14,000 do. 1,000 5,325 prizes, 150,000 9,675 blanks, not two to a prize. 15,000 tickets at 10 dollars each, 150,000 N. B. Prizes subject to a deduction of 15 per cent. This lottery has been authorised by the legislature of Virginia, for the laudable purposes of erecting a seminary of learning in or near the metropolis of this state. With this view, it is contemplated to raise 20,000 dollars, and 2,500 dollars, in addition, for defraying the expenses attendant on drawing the lottery. Citizens of the first respectability have been selected as trustees, and they have pledged themselves to use their utmost exertions to carry it into effect. The scheme has the advantage of giving to each adventurer, a chance for some very large prizes, whilst the proportion of prizes to blanks, is so great as to invite the friends of the intended institution to partake in the lottery, with very little risk of their becoming losers. The treasurer of the state is to be appointed to receive the money for the tickets as they are sold, and to pay the amount of the prizes to the fortunate adventurers. It is believed that the above considerations will induce a rapid sale of tickets, and the drawing will commence as soon as a sufficient number shall be sold to authorise it—which it is believed will be on the second Monday in December next. Richmond, March 2—tf Tickets to be had of Robert Pollard Doct. John Brockenbrough, jun. Wm. Price (Reg.) Samuel Pleasants, jun. and William Prichard.
Travellers Hall. THE subscriber has lately been induced from the rapid increase of his custom to purchase a lot of ground adjoining that on which he lives for the purpose of building a dining room and assembly room, each 54 feet by 32 feet 10 inches with six additional lodging rooms, and intends to finish them before the ensuing winter; which together with his tavern and house will occupy a front of near one hundred feet in the most agreeable part of the town and in the center of business being on the highest part of the public square. He has considerably increased the furniture &c. of his house and stables. His domestics and servants are of the most faithful dispositions and properly qualified for the departments to which they are assigned. He has a constant supply of the best stable forage; imported and country provisions, imported liquors, &c. of the first quality, foreign newspapers, &c. And his ice will most probably last through the hot weather. The distinguished preference which the first characters have already given him, fills him with gratitude. He offers his sincere thanks to all his good friends and begs leave to assure them that neither his time nor his purse shall be spared in attempting to render the Travellers Hall a house of entertainment, for GENTLE GUESTS ONLY, equal to any in America. P. BRADLEY. Lexington, Kentucky, June 12, 1804. A stage runs from the Travellers Hall to the Olympic Springs in the summer, and to Frankfort during the sessions of Assembly. June 29—3m
TO BE SOLD On Tuesday 28th August, at Rhodes's Hotel on a credit of 6 and 12 months by notes negotiable, bearing interest with approved endorser in either the George Town or City banks. A Complete two story BRICK HOUSE, in 14th street west in this city, now in the occupation of the subscriber, containing on the ground floor 2 parlors and kitchen, on the second floor, 3 bed rooms, servant rooms over the kitchen, a good cellar, paved yard, pump with excellent water within 20 feet of the premises—the above premises are in complete repair and fit for the reception of a small genteel family—the house covers 23 feet front and the title from the commissioners. At the same time and place will be sold two bay horses, on credit of six months, one 15 hands 1 inch high, steady in harness, six years old and fine figure; the other 14 hands 3 inches, quiet in harness and rides pleasant and well, his quality's well known for two years in this city; also a strong chaise with head & harness complete, and one qr. cask of old Madeira wine of the first quality. Sale to commence at 4 o'clock precisely. WM. LOVELL. August 6—11t.
REMOVAL. THOMAS CARPENTER, TAYLOR, Has removed to the house above Mr. RHODES (LATE LOVELL'S) HOTEL, near the President's Square. In addition to the present stock of goods, a Handsome Assortment is expected immediately. Gentlemen at a distance, by sending a line by post, will be waited upon with all possible expedition. T. C. will pledge himself to execute any order with a taste, expedition and moderation of charge, which shall not be excelled by any. April 16—tf.
Valuable Property for Sale. WE will sell on Tuesday the 28th inst. on the premises at 3 o'clock, those two large lots in George Town, No 74 and 75 with the stone house thereon, on a credit of 3, 6 and 12 months. The lots will be sold together or separately to accommodate purchasers—Notes with good indorsers payable at the Bank of Columbia will be expected and on the payment of said notes a good title will be made. STEPHEN WEST, RICHARD W. WEST. H. B