The national intelligencer and Washington advertiser. (Washington City [D.C.]), 1809-03-31 00:00:00

National Intelligencer.
WASHINGTON ADVERTISER.
VOL. IX.
WASHINGTON CITY, PRINTED BY SAMUEL HARRISON SMITH, PENNSYLVANIA AVENUE.
NO. 1523.
FIVE DOLLARS PER ANNUM.
FRIDAY, MARCH 31, 1809.
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BY AUTHORITY.
An ACT concerning invalid pensioners.
BE it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the secretary of war be, and he is hereby directed to place the following named persons, whose claims have been transmitted to Congress, pursuant to a law passed the tenth of April, one thousand eight hundred and six, on the pension list of invalid pensioners of the United States, according to the rates, and to commence at the times herein mentioned, that is to say :
Oxford Tash, at the rate of two dollars and fifty cents per month, to commence on the first day of June, one thousand eight hundred and seven.
Hezekiah Sawtell, at the rate of two dollars and fifty cents per month, to commence on the twenty-eighth day of September, one thousand eight hundred and eight.
Amos Spafford, at the rate of three dollars thirty-three and one-third cents per month, to commence on the twenty-third day of October, one thousand eight hundred and eight.
Josiah Temple, at the rate of two dollars per month, to commence on the fifteenth day of April, one thousand eight hundred and eight.
Isaac Abbott, at the rate of eight dollars per month, to commence on the nineteenth day of November, one thousand eight hundred and eight.
Thaddeus Waugh, at the rate of five dollars per month, to commence on the thirty-first day of May, one thousand eight hundred and eight.
Joel Hinman, at the rate of five dollars per month, to commence on the eighth day of June, one thousand eight hundred and eight.
David Pendleton, at the rate of five dollars per month, to commence on the twentieth day of May, one thousand eight hundred and eight.
Eliphalet Sherwood, at the rate of two dollars and fifty cents per month, to commence on the twentieth day of May, one thousand eight hundred and eight.
Daniel Treadwell, at the rate of four dollars per month, to commence on the twentieth day of May, one thousand eight hundred and eight.
Obadiah Perkins, at the rate of eight dollars per month, to commence on the eighteenth day of November, one thousand eight hundred and eight.
John Daboll, at the rate of sixty-two and one-half cents per month, to commence on the eighteenth day of November, one thousand eight hundred and eight.
Gideon Edwards, at the rate of five dollars per month, to commence on the seventeenth day of December, one thousand eight hundred and eight.
Elijah Sheldon, at the rate of two dollars and fifty cents per month, to commence on the nineteenth day of December, one thousand eight hundred and eight.
Nathaniel Church, at the rate of two dollars and fifty cents per month, to commence on the thirtieth day of December, one thousand eight hundred and eight.
Richard Mellen, at the rate of five dollars per month, to commence on the ninth day of November, one thousand eight hundred and eight.
Elisha Prior, at the rate of three dollars and seventy-five cents per month, to commence on the thirteenth day of December, one thousand eight hundred and eight.
John Cramer, at the rate of two dollars and fifty cents per month, to commence on the twenty-fifth day of April, one thousand eight hundred and eight.
James Phillips, at the rate of two dollars and fifty cents per month, to
commence on the nineteenth day of April, one thousand eight hundred and eight.
John Walsh, at the rate of two dollars and fifty cents per month, to commence on the eighth day of September, one thousand eight hundred and eight.
Samuel Lindsley, at the rate of three dollars and seventy-five cents per month, to commence on the thirty-first day of October, one thousand eight hundred and eight.
John Pergus, at the rate of two dollars per month, to commence on the twentieth day of October, one thousand eight hundred and eight.
Joseph Elliot, at the rate of three dollars thirty-three and one-third cents per month, to commence on the twenty-first day of April, one thousand eight hundred and eight.
James Corcoran, at the rate of two dollars and fifty cents per month, to commence on the twenty-fifth day of November, one thousand eight hundred and eight.
John Smith, at the rate of two dollars and fifty cents per month, to commence on the twenty-seventh day of January, one thousand eight hundred and eight.
Joseph White, at the rate of three dollars and seventy-five cents per month, to commence on the twenty-second day of February, one thousand eight hundred and eight.
Edward Tuck, at the rate of three dollars per month, to commence on the second day of January, one thousand eight hundred and eight.
Evan Ragland, at the rate of three dollars per month, to commence on the seventh day of January, one thousand eight hundred and eight.
John Crute, at the rate of thirteen dollars per month, to commence on the twenty-eighth day of September, one thousand eight hundred and eight.
William Evans, at the rate of eight dollars per month, to commence on the twenty-first day of November, one thousand eight hundred and eight.
John Carmichael, at the rate of five dollars per month, to commence on the first day of December, one thousand eight hundred and eight.
Benjamin Vickery, at the rate of three dollars per month, to commence on the fourteenth day of June, one thousand eight hundred and eight.
Joshua Hawkins, at the rate of three dollars per month, to commence on the twenty-fifth day of March, one thousand eight hundred and eight.
Joseph M'Junkin, at the rate of twelve dollars per month, to commence on the eighteenth day of October, one thousand eight hundred and eight.
Samuel Otterson, at the rate of eight dollars per month, to commence on the sixth day of October, one thousand eight hundred and eight.
William Carr, at the rate of two dollars and fifty cents per month, to commence on the twenty-eighth day of March, one thousand eight hundred and eight.
Jonathan Tinsley, at the rate of five dollars per month, to commence on the twenty-third day of September, one thousand eight hundred and eight.
James Gallespie, at the rate of four dollars per month, to commence on the eighteenth day of June, one thousand eight hundred and eight.
Christian Smith, at the rate of five dollars per month, to commence on the fifth day of November, one thousand eight hundred and eight.
Bartholomew Berry, at the rate of five dollars per month, to commence on the seventh day of November, one thousand eight hundred and eight.
John Robert Shaw, at the rate of five dollars per month, to commence on the twelfth day of October, one thousand eight hundred and eight.
Samuel Burton, at the rate of two dollars and fifty cents per month, to commence on the twenty-ninth day of December, one thousand eight hundred and eight.
Nathaniel Hewitt, at the rate of three dollars and seventy-five cents per month, to commence on the fifth day of January, one thousand eight hundred and eight.
Jacob Redemone, at the rate of five dollars per month, to commence on the tenth day of April, one thousand eight hundred and six.
William Keough, at the rate of five dollars per month, to commence on the twenty-third day of January, one thousand eight hundred and nine.
Isaiah Corben, at the rate of two dollars and fifty cents per month, to commence on the thirty-first day of October, one thousand eight hundred and eight.
Joseph Richardson, at the rate of two dollars and fifty cents per month, to commence on the twentieth day of January, one thousand eight hundred and nine.
William Johnson, at the rate of two dollars and fifty cents per month, to commence on the eighteenth day of January, one thousand eight hundred and nine.
Henry Overly, at the rate of five dollars per month, to commence on the first day of December, one thousand eight hundred and eight.
Abraham Gamble, at the rate of five dollars per month, to commence on the eighteenth day of January, one thousand eight hundred and nine.
William M'Clannahan, at the rate of two dollars and fifty cents per month, to commence on the twenty-seventh day of October, one thousand eight hundred and eight.
William M'Laland, at the rate of five dollars per month, to commence on the fourth of February, one thousand eight hundred and nine.
Sec. 2. And be it further enacted, That the pensions of the following persons, already placed on the pension list of the United States, whose claims have been transmitted to Congress, pursuant to the act aforesaid, be increased to the sums herein respectively annexed to their names; the said increase, to commence at the times herein mentioned, that is to say :
William Curtiss, five dollars per month, to commence on the twenty-first day of September, one thousand eight hundred and eight.
Samuel Potter, three dollars, thirty-three and one third cents per month, to commence on the sixth day of September, one thousand eight hundred and eight.
Thomas Haines, five dollars per month, to commence on the seventeenth day of January, one thousand eight hundred and seven.
Daniel Bussell, five dollars per month, to commence on the third day of October, one thousand eight hundred and eight.
William Wood, three dollars, thirty-three and one-third cents per month, to commence on the fourteenth day of September, one thousand eight hundred and eight.
Thomas Pratt, three dollars, thirty-three and one-third cents per month, to commence on the twenty-fourth day of October, one thousand eight hundred and eight.
Ebenezer Tinkham, two dollars and fifty cents per month, to commence on the eighth day of November, one thousand eight hundred and eight.
Joseph Brown, five dollars per month, to commence on the third day of June, one thousand eight hundred and eight.
Benjamin Merrill, three dollars, thirty-three and one-third cents per month, to commence on the twenty-eighth day of September, one thousand eight hundred and eight.
William Leach, five dollars per month, to commence on the second day of May, one thousand eight hundred and eight.
Constant Webb, three dollars per month, to commence on the thirtieth day of May, one thousand eight hundred and eight.
Jonathan Bowers, five dollars per month, to commence on the twenty-third day of July, one thousand eight hundred and eight.
Abner Andrews, five dollars per month, to commence on the first day of September, one thousand eight hundred and eight.
Josiah Merriman, five dollars per month, to commence on the seventeenth day of September, one thousand eight hundred and eight.
Samuel Burdwin, five dollars per month, to commence on the twenty-third day of September, one thousand eight hundred and eight.
Oliver Bostwick, ten dollars per month, to commence on the third day of October, one thousand eight hundred and eight.
Edward Bassett, two dollars and fifty cents per month, to commence on the twenty-eighth day of April, one thousand eight hundred and eight.
Jeremiah Markham, three dollars
and seventy-five cents per month, to commence on the third day of June, one thousand eight hundred and eight.
Samuel Andrus, three dollars and seven-five cents per month, to commence on the twenty-third day of September, one thousand eight hundred and eight.
Elisha Clark, two dollars and fifty cents per month, to commence on the twenty-eighth day of September, one thousand eight hundred and eight.
Aaron Tuttle, three dollars, thirty-three and one-third cents per month, to commence on the twenty-fifth day of October, one thousand eight hundred and eight.
Benjamin Sturges, four dollars per month, to commence on the twenty-fifth day of October, one thousand eight hundred and eight.
Burr Gilbert, five dollars per month, to commence on the twenty-eighth day of July, one thousand eight hundred and eight.
Jehuel Judd, four dollars per month, to commence on the sixteenth day of April, one thousand eight hundred and eight.
Ashbel Hosmer, five dollars per month, to commence on the sixth day of October, one thousand eight hundred and eight.
Andrew M'Guire, five dollars per month, to commence on the first day of August, one thousand eight hundred and eight.
John Lowry, three dollars, thirty-three and one-third cents per month, to commence on the nineteenth day of April, one thousand eight hundred and eight.
James Blevy, five dollars per month, to commence on the eighth day of April, one thousand eight hundred and eight.
Samuel B. White, five dollars per month, to commence on the eighth day of April, one thousand eight hundred and eight.
Judah Levy, five dollars per month, to commence on the twelfth day of April, one thousand eight hundred and eight.
Enoch Turner, five dollars per month, to commence on the fourteenth day of November, one thousand eight hundred and eight.
Edward Stanton, five dollars per month to commence on the nineteenth day of November, one thousand eight hundred and eight.
Elisha Lee, twenty dollars per month, to commence on the thirtieth day of November, one thousand eight hundred and eight.
William Starr, three dollars and seventy-five cents per month, to commence on the eighteenth day of November, one thousand eight hundred and eight.
John Morgan, three dollars, thirty-three and one third cents per month, to commence on the eighteenth day of November, one thousand eight hundred and eight.
Andrew Gallup, three dollars, thirty-three and one-third cents per month, to commence on the eighteenth day of November, one thousand eight hundred and eight.
Joseph Woodmaney, five dollars per month, to commence on the eighteenth day of November, one thousand eight hundred and eight.
Solomon Perkins, five dollars per month, to commence on the eighteenth day of November, one thousand eight hundred and eight.
Walter Burdick, two dollars and fifty cents per month, to commence on the eighteenth day of November, one thousand eight hundred and eight.
Park Avery, five dollars per month, to commence on the eighteenth day of November, one thousand eight hundred and eight.
Amos Avery, two dollars and fifty cents per month, to commence on the eighteenth day of November, one thousand eight hundred and eight.
Ebenezer Avery, two dollars and fifty cents per month, to commence on the eighteenth day of November, one thousand eight hundred and eight.
Benjamin Denslow, five dollars per month, to commence on the seventh day of December, one thousand eight hundred and eight.
Amos Skeele, three dollars, thirty-three and one third cents per month, to commence on the twenty-eighth day of November, one thousand eight hundred and eight.
William Burrows, five dollars per month, to commence on the twelfth day of December, one thousand eight hundred and eight.
Elisha Frizzle, five dollars per month, to commence on the first day of January, one thousand eight hundred and nine.
John M'Kinstry, twenty dollars per month, to commence on the first day of January, one thousand eight hundred and nine.
Samuel Gibbs, thirteen dollars thirty-three and one-third cents per month, to commence on the eighth day of October, one thousand eight hundred and eight.
John Barbarick, five dollars per month, to commence on the fifteenth day of December, one thousand eight hundred and eight.
James Morgan, two dollars and fifty cents per month, to commence on the fifth day of January, one thousand eight hundred and nine.
Joseph Moxley, two dollars and fifty cents per month, to commence on the fifth day of January, one thousand eight hundred and nine.
Daniel Bill, five dollars per month, to commence on the fifth day of January, one thousand eight hundred and nine.
Christopher Latham, three dollars and seventy-five cents per month, to commence on the fifth day of January, one thousand eight hundred and nine.
Sec. 3. And be it further enacted, That the pensioners becoming such in virtue of this act shall be paid in the same manner as invalid pensioners are paid, who have heretofore been placed on the pension list of the United States, under such restrictions and regulations in all respects as are prescribed by the laws of the United States in such cases provided.
J. B. VARNUM, Speaker of the House of Representatives.
J. N. MILDREDGE, President of the Senate, pro tempore.
March 3, 1809.
Approved.
TH. JEFFERSON.
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES.
Mr. Nicholas's Speech on the Non-Intercourse bill.
MR. CHAIRMAN,
I shall not conceal or disguise my opinion; it has been and continues to be, that when the embargo shall cease, war will be the only proper and honorable course for this country to pursue, if reparation shall not have been made for the injuries we have received. Under this conviction, I proposed a resolution limiting the duration of the embargo, and authorizing, at the same time, the issuing of letters of marque and reprisal. I trust, sir, I shall be pardoned for expressing the deep regret and affliction I feel for the failure of a measure so important in my judgment, to the best interests of my country. I voted for the embargo as a precautionary and as a coercive measure. In its first character, its wisdom must be admitted by all. Its effects as a coercive measure would, I believe, have been equally certain, if the misconduct of some of our own people, and the revolution in Spain, had not impeded its action. Unless we were determined to persevere in our claims for redress, and to assert our rights, the embargo, even as a measure of precaution, was unnecessary. It gave no protection to our property abroad, it gave it no security on its way home, it only preserved it after its return. When the injuries of which we complain were inflicted, our choice was between submission and resistance. We determined to resist, and commenced our resistance by laying an embargo, with the hope that it might of itself induce the belligerents to do us justice; and if this expectation were disappointed, that we might prepare for war, by preserving in our own possession our essential resources—men and money. If resistance was not our determination, I do not hesitate to say, that the embargo was unwise and unnecessary. If we intended ultimately to abandon our rights without a other effort, we should have suffered less both in reputation and in property, by immediate submission, than by now receding from the ground we have taken. I do not believe that a single supporter of the embargo looked to it as the last resort.

of this country. For myself, I disclaim the impression, and declare that I was prepared to abandon it for war, when its primary objects should be attained, and its coercive power fairly tested. I have stated that I considered the return of our citizens, the security of our property, and the employment of time in preparation for war, as the great and more certain effects of the embargo. All these advantages we have derived from it. I believe it is time to change our measures, and to place our future reliance upon Providence, and upon the energies and valor of our citizens. Upon this point, however, I think with a minority. There has been a vote of this House against immediate war. Under these circumstances what ought I to do? I must either vote against every expedient which falls short of what I deem the most proper course, or assent to that which accords most with what I think right. If it were my individual concern, I should certainly rely upon my own judgment; but when every thing dear to my country is at stake, I cannot justify to myself a pertinacious adherence to a proposition already rejected by a great majority, which would hazard the loss of a measure, the best in my opinion, that can be obtained. After having offered what I thought the best, and seen it rejected, I think with the gentleman from South Carolina, that I am at liberty, and that it is my duty to unite with others in support of attainable measures which appear to me to be conducive to the interest of the country. The bill upon your table appears to me to be such a measure. It maintains our attitude towards the belligerents better than any measure which I have heard proposed, and if it be not the most effectual resistance, at least, it is not submission. It continues our solemn protest against their violations of our rights; it takes new, and in some respects, stronger grounds against them. It excludes from our waters, ports and harbors, all their vessels, public and private; it excludes from our country all their products and manufactures; and forbids our citizens to debase and degrade their country by a commercial intercourse which would stain and pollute them with the payment of an ignominious tribute to a foreign nation. It reserves the great question to be decided by the next Congress, which will be informed of the wishes of the American people; who can best determine how far they will submit to have their rights trampled on, at the will and pleasure of foreign nations. By keeping the question open for their discussion, I have the utmost confidence that our rights, honor and independence will be maintained. The gentleman from Pennsylvania asked yesterday, why not repeal the embargo laws, and provide for the enforcement of this system by a new law? In addition to the reasons I have stated, I will mention another, which has great weight. We are told that one of the states of this union are about to pass a law, imposing penalties on persons employed in the execution of those laws, within that state. I will never consent, under these circumstances, to adopt any measure which might wear the aspect of yielding to a threat like this. No man lampoons more sincerely than I do, that the legislature of any state should take such a step, but I think it of the utmost importance that the government of the United States should maintain its authority, and that it should be ascertained, whether its measures may at any time be embarrassed by the legislatures of one or more states, or its laws annulled by their authority. Such could not, I believe, have been the impression either of the people or of the states when the general government was formed; and if this conduct be persevered in or submitted to, it will in effect, supercede the government, and must speedily terminate in its dissolution. I hope and trust that the wisdom and patriotism of the legislature of Massachusetts will not permit such a law to be enacted. Otherwise, I do not doubt that the people at the spring elections, will choose men solicitous to heal, by every means within their power, the wounds inflicted on the constitution. It is a painful duty to notice this subject. I have ever been devoted to the union of the states. I would cherish and support it at every hazard, and would sacrifice to its preservation every thing, but the rights and liberties of one section, in compliance to the wishes of another. On such conditions it would be vassalage, not union. To yield in the present instance, would be yielding the government to a minority. It is a practicable, however, to act upon the subject during the present session, nor do I wish it. I have the utmost confidence in the people of Massachusetts, and have no doubt but that their good sense will apply the proper corrective. If they
do not, it will then remain for the other states, after giving to the subject the solemn and deliberate consideration which it merits, to decide whether they have a government or not, or whether it is compatible with their happiness and interests to preserve a government whose acts are binding on them only who are willing to obey them; whether they will submit that the public officers of the United States shall be punished for the faithful performance of their duty. I have confined my observations within as narrow limits as possible. It is not now necessary to speak of our injuries, of the necessity of resistance, nor even of the superior advantages of any particular mode of resistance, for it is I believe, a very prevalent opinion in this House, as well as with the nation, that we have already deliberated enough—and that it is incumbent on us to act. I will, therefore, very briefly notice some objections I have heard to the bill. It is urged that our products will find their way to G. Britain and France, but certainly to G. Britain, by circuitous routes, and that we shall derive less profit from them on that account, than if a direct intercourse were permitted. This cannot be denied, nor is there a man who would not prefer a free trade with the whole world, if it could be enjoyed upon equal and honorable terms, to a commerce so limited and shackled as ours is at this time by the belligerent edicts. The question is not how we can most advantageously avail ourselves of a momentary commerce, but how we can assert the national sovereignty, and best secure the permanent interests of the U. S. No gentleman, I presume, will contend that it better for us to permit a disgraceful intercourse with any nation, than to endure a temporary privation, until we can trade on fair and honorable terms. Gentlemen cannot delude themselves with any expectation of advantage from the commerce now allowed to us. The two most valuable products of this country must ruin and beggar those interested in their culture, I mean cotton and tobacco. It is well known that the quantity of tobacco annually produced, is fully equal to the annual consumption, and that we have now two crops on hand; while the edicts of G. Britain and France are continued, it would be folly to cultivate this plant, and it is more or less true of every other product of our soil. If we were at war with these nations, our products would reach them thro' the same circuitous channels into which they will be forced by this law, but certainly that consideration would not be deemed a good argument for permitting direct intercourse with our enemies. As to the difficulty of excluding their products and manufactures, it is very possible that we may not be able to do it entirely, but I am satisfied that we shall do it essentially. The great avenue through which British goods can be most easily smuggled into this country is Canada, and that I doubt not, will soon be closed if the edicts be not rescinded. The present state of things cannot long continue; I have no hesitation in saying that it ought not, and that the next Congress must either abandon the contest, or resort to more effectual means for the maintenance of our rights than commercial restrictions and prohibitions. The gentleman from S. Carolina whose eloquence I admire, and whose patriotism I honor, speaks of this measure as submission, and considers that which he proposed as resistance, not indeed as the measure of his choice, but as the one which is the next to it in his estimation. It must be obvious to the House, and I am sure it will be equally so to the gentleman himself, that if his system would be resistance, the course indicated by the bill has in that view superior merit. The gentleman acknowledges the principal advantage of his plan to consist in this, that it would deprive British vessels of the transport of our produce; if it can be shown that this object will be accomplished more effectually by the bill in its present form than by the proposed alteration, it is fair to expect for it his support. If his plan were adopted, G. Britain would regain her full share of the transport of our produce by augmenting the duties in favor of her own bottoms to an amount that would be an indemnity for a short voyage, by opening the port of Halifax, & another port at St. Mary's to our vessels, & all that would then remain to our own vessels would be the profits of the coasting trade from our harbors to those ports of deposit. If I believed this course the most honorable and effectual mode of resisting, I would willingly embrace it; but, sir, I can never consent to any plan by which a direct commercial intercourse is to be produced between this country and G. Britain and France, while their edicts continue in force. Nor will I ever abandon the hope and belief that my
countrymen possess the manly spirit of independence, the honorable pride of character which will disdain to barter for gold or for a miserable fragment of commerce, those rights which were purchased by the valor and the blood of their fathers.
WASHINGTON CITY.
FRIDAY, MARCH 31.
The publication of the Laws passed at the last Session of Congress is concluded in this day's paper.
Among the most interesting subjects recently brought before the public is that involved in the case of Gideon Olmstead . Our readers are already apprised that this case has given birth to a collision between the federal and state tribunals, which, however serious in itself, has been magnified beyond its true dimensions, and is eagerly seized in some sections of the union, as indicating a deliberate determination of the legislature of a powerful and respectable state to unfurl the banner of insurrection against the legitimate authority of the union. Nothing can be more unjust than this representation, which can only be the offspring of ignorance or malignity. It ought not however, perhaps, to excite our surprise that men, who in the late solemn exigency of our affairs played into the hands of a foreign enemy, and manifested their alacrity to sacrifice the dearest rights of their country to the gratification of personal spleen, should, under the dominion of the same unfortunate feelings, seek an apology for their own conduct in that of others, although dictated by very different motives. The Essex Junto have long harboured a deadly hostility to the administration, and cherished the purpose of dividing the union, because the triumph of that administration blasted their hopes of attaining the supreme power, and because the maintenance of that union will forever avert the reign of those principles of government which they seem to have determined unrelentingly to strive to establish. On the other hand, the state of Pennsylvania has always gloried in the union, has felt herself happy in the proud, if not commanding attitude in which she has been placed, and has, for a long period of time past, been among the most instrumental members of the confederacy in raising to office, and in maintaining the authority of those who compose the present administration; and at no period of her existence has she more strongly demonstrated her attachment than at the recent Presidential election.
Whatever errors then may have crept into the proceedings of her legislature, they can only be ascribed to an honest difference of opinion, in a case certainly not destitute of difficulty. The case, moreover, is purely domestic, and develops none of those hideous features which characterize those of the Massachusetts legislature, which has gone the mournful length of justifying the most hostile aggressions of foreign injustice.
These remarks are offered, principally as a recommendation of temper and forbearance in this interesting case. Where parties at variance respect the motives of each other, we have reason to expect, however strenuously they may assert their rights, an ingenuous, dignified, and even dispassionate conduct. Such, we hope, may we believe will be manifested in this case, which, it is not our purpose to investigate, as it is scarce possible that any thing which can now be alleged will have any influence on either party after the elaborate examination given it in the Supreme Court of the United States and the legislature of Pennsylvania.
But this case, however intrinsically important, has given rise to a question of infinitely wider magnitude, well worthy of the most deliberate investigation of every enlightened friend to the union of these states. Among the resolutions of the legislature of Pennsylvania is the following:
"Resolved, That our Senators in Congress be instructed, and our Representatives requested, to use their influence to procure an amendment to the Constitution of the United States, that an impartial tribunal may be established to determine disputes between the general and state governments, and that they be further instructed to use their endeavors, that in the mean while such arrangements may be made between the governor of the union and of this state, as will put an end to existing difficulties."
Is this a reasonable proposition, or is it the visionary offspring of hasty speculation? Is the cure proposed calculated to be effectual, or will it be worse than the evil contemplated to be redressed? Our present impressions are that there is nothing in the proposition which ought to prevent
it from receiving a respectful and full examination.
No considerations can be more interesting than those suggested by the Representatives of Pennsylvania as the grounds of their recommendation. "To prevent the balance between the general and state governments from being destroyed, and the harmony of the states from being interrupted," present problems of vast importance, the solution of which is worthy the wisdom, and well fitted to excite the highest ambition, of free men. Our liberties depend on preserving this balance; our internal peace on maintaining this harmony. A price too dear for these inestimable blessings cannot be paid, as the good they either create or secure transcends that derivable from all other sources of prosperity. Even, then, should the establishment of these objects involve a sacrifice of subordinate points, otherwise desirable, the latter ought unhesitatingly to be abandoned, as the highest object of the practical legislator can only be to approach as nearly as is attainable, without ever actually gaining, the point of perfection.
The strongest objection, that will probably be at first started to this proposition, is the great change it will be likely to make in the theory of the general government. To this, however, it may be replied that whatever change it might introduce into the theory, it would actually effect little, if any, change in its practice; and that it is the latter trait which altogether marks the true character of governments. The disputes now proposed to be settled by an impartial tribunal are such as generally cannot, or will not be adjusted without such a resort; a suspension to settle which, on the part of the superior power, actually involves for the time a surrender of its authority. It is manifest, that it will be only in cases of urgent necessity, and extreme in their nature, that the coercion of the federal government will be enlisted.
Nor is there any thing in this proposition hostile to the great ends of the federal government. So far as the powers exercised by the general government are federal, its sovereignty is undisputed; and so far as those exercised by the states, are other than federal, their sovereignty is undisputed. It is only in cases, where a real difficulty exists to decide the character of those powers, arising either from interest, passion, or unavoidable obscurity, that the proposed tribunal is to interpose. And in such cases ought there not to be a body, possessed of the confidence of all parties, ready to interpose the influence of its decisions?
Whether it should or could command the physical force requisite to the enforcement of its decrees, may be questioned. But, without being armed with so high and delicate a power, which it probably would not be able to wield in those great emergencies when only it would be called for, there can be no doubt that its decisions would be generally respected and complied with. Viewed by both governments as an impartial umpire, created by the authority of both, its decisions would be altogether free from that jealousy which will always attend the proceedings of men, who owe their offices and emoluments exclusively to one of the parties. It may be said that the courts of the United States are impartial and disinterested tribunals, and that they are as free from the influence of one government as the other. But this remark, whatever may have been intended by the Constitution, is not correct. Men, appointed by one department of a government, looking, perhaps, to preferment to the same source, dependent for emolument on another department of the same government, and removable by a third, must, in too many cases, unless more than mortal, be swayed, perhaps unconsciously, by motives, in every respect at variance with those of impartiality. Even, should they be actuated by the most disinterested considerations it would be hard to convince the states against whom they may make decisions, that they felt as independently of those to whom they owed every thing, as of those to whom they owed nothing.
There is one further powerful consideration, it is apprehended, which ought to influence the decision of this question. One of the great ends of the federal government is to protect the state sovereignties; without the maintenance of those sovereignties the federal government itself perishes. How solicitous then ought not the federal government to be to adopt every expedient necessary to preserve a structure, the most interesting feature of which is perhaps the existence of these very sovereignties? Whatever then is necessary to secure this end ought to be adopted, and the general government, vested with the power of proposing amendments to
the Constitution, ought to feel as strong a solicitude to secure this object as the states themselves.
Can such a tribunal be devised? Let us sketch an outline, and contemplate its effects. This will be most likely to expose the benefits and inconveniences of such an institution, a comparison of which will show how far the project merits adoption or rejection.
I. Let the tribunal consist of seven members, appointed during good behavior.
II. Let the presiding judge be appointed by the President and Senate of the United States.
III. Let the remaining members be appointed in the following manner:—Each state shall nominate one person; and from the whole number so nominated, the President and Senate shall select six, who shall be members of the tribunal; the selection to be so made that one judge shall be taken from every three adjacent states, except one, to be taken from the two largest adjacent states, there being at present only seventeen states in the union.
IV. Let the compensation of all the Judges be immutable during their continuance in office, that of the presiding judge payable by the United States, and that of the others by the states.
Other details will be requisite; but these features sufficiently develop the nature of the main proposition.
No conclusive objection is perceived to the constitution of such a tribunal. It would be sufficiently enlightened and independent to answer the great purposes for which it would be created. It would probably be filled with the highest legal talents and purest virtues of the nation; and would inspire as great a confidence as could be expected from any investiture of judicial authority.
But the most difficult point to be settled would probably spring from the designation of its powers, or the objects on which it should be authorised to act, and the manner of bringing those objects before it. Could not, however, a clear and concise boundary circumscribe its powers? The leading cases, claiming the interposition of such a tribunal, perhaps the sole cases, would spring from a collision in the exercise of legislative power by the general and state governments; its great end would be to guard against the danger likely to result from such collisions:—collisions, not so much of individual rights, as of the consolidated powers of sovereign communities, which, if prosecuted to extremes, would tend to enlist the physical force of one community against that of the other. Would not, then, every important object of the institution be answered by confining its cognizance expressly to cases brought before it by the special direction of a state legislature? Justly viewing the legislatures of the states as the guardians of the rights of their citizens, these might be considered as perfectly secure so long as no remonstrance against their infraction was made by them; and when made, it should instantly carry the case to a tribunal, whose award should be final, and be equally obligatory on both governments.
Although we have gone more fully into this subject than we intended, we are conscious that we have only touched the surface. It is one, well worthy of the most profound investigation; for what can be more important than the maintenance of our admirable systems of government in the orbits prescribed them, and what more desirable than the discovery of the means of guarding against any of those aberrations to which every thing human is prone? These remarks are offered in a spirit of ardent regard to the union. It is hoped they will be received in a spirit of candor.
A fire broke out in Richmond, (Va.) on Monday the 27th inst. which consumed more than twenty houses, most of them of great value.
Mr. THOMAS PAINE was not dead on Tuesday, but was so ill that little hope was entertained of his recovery.
The following interesting and honorable letter, we have extracted from the Anti-Monarchist, a respectable print of Massachusetts. The lateness of the hour, at which it was received, prevents any comment.
PRESIDENT ADAMS'S LETTER
Office of the Anti-Monarchist, March 20, 1809.
The following letter of the late President of the United States, the venerable patriot, JOHN ADAMS, was addressed to Daniel Wright and Erastus Lyman, Esquires, of Northampton, Massachusetts, in answer to a letter, dated March 3, 1809, which they addressed to him,

at the desire of the republicans of this town, requesting him to express his opinion respecting the present circumstances of the nation, with regard to foreign powers, and domestic parties.—Mr. Adams's letter was dated Quincy, March 13, and has the post-mark of the Quincy post-office, and franked by Mr. Adams. The original is left at the post-office, for the inspection of those who may wish to see it.
Quincy, March 13, 1809.
GENTLEMEN,
I have received your very civil letter of the third of this month with emotions very similar to those which I felt, many years ago upon the following occasion.
Returning from Holland to Paris in 1784, I was invited to dine with my wife and daughter by the Baron de Staël, Ambassador from Sweden. As I was the first of the corps diplomatic, who arrived, the Ambassador was shewing me a fine Portrait of the King of Sweden, his master, when the count Deodati, Ambassador from the Elector of Saxony came in. After compliments to de Staël, Deodati turned to me, whom he had known several years before, and the following dialogue ensued.
Deodati. Very well! Mr. Adams! You are a Republican I suppose.
Adams. You are in the right, Mr. Ambassador, I have the honor to be a Republican.
Deodati. And your countrymen are Republicans, and your Government is Republican.
Adams. Certainly. My Countrymen are Republicans and our Government is republican.
Deodati. And you have made your Countrymen and your Government Republican.
Adams. Not at all. Sir, my Country and its Government have been Republican from their origin, and long before I was born.
Deodati. Very well! You at least have made your Country very celebrated. You have made it independent—You have made an astonishing treaty with Holland—You have made a marvellous Peace with England—You have made her acknowledge your Independence, &c. &c. &c.
Adams. I beg your pardon, sir, you are too polite: You do me too much honor. I have no pretensions to have performed all those great achievements. I have acted a part in some of those affairs, but—
Deodati. But I—Very well—I will now tell you the recompence you will receive for all that you have done.
Adams. I shall be very glad to hear your prognostications concerning my destiny.
Deodati. Your fortune will be that of all the republicans. Of Aristides: of Phocion: of Miltiades: of Scipio: &c. &c. &c.
Adams. I believe it.
Deodati. You believe it?
Adams. Yes.
Deodati. You will experience all the ingratitude, all the injustice of the ancient republicans.
Adams. I expect it: and always have expected it.
Deodati. You will be ill treated, hated, despised and persecuted.
Adams. I have no doubt of all that. It is in the ordinary nature and course of things.
Deodati. Your virtue must be very heroic or your philosophy very stoical to undertake all these adventures, with your eyes open, for such a reward.
So much for Deodati and his warning voice: and so much for my well grounded anticipations.
This is no fabulous dialogue of the dead: but strict historical truth.
A curious coalition of French and English emissaries with federal and republican libellers have so completely fulfilled the prophecy of Deodati and my own forebodings, so totally destroyed my reputation by their calumnies, that I have neither power nor influence to do any thing for my country, to assist her in her present distresses or guard her against future calamities.
Nothing remains to me but the right of private judgment, and that I exercise freely, and communicate my sentiments as freely to those who wish to know them.
I am totus viribus, [with my whole strength,] against any division of the union, by the North-River or by Delaware river, or by the Potomac, or any other river or by any chain of mountains. I am for maintaining the independence of the nation, at all events.
I am no advocate for Mr. Gore's declaration of war against France.—Knowing, as I do, from personal experience, the mutually friendly dispositions between the people of France and the people of America, Bonaparte out of the question, I should be very sorry to see them converted into ill will and our old English prejudices revived. Lasting injuries and misfor-
times would arise to this country from such a change.
I am averse also to a war with England, and wish to maintain our neutrality as long as possible, without conceding important principles. If either of the belligerent powers force us into a war, I am for fighting that power, whichever it may be.
I always consider the whole nation as my children: but they have almost all been unfaithful to me. You two gentlemen are almost the only ones out of my own house, who have for a long time and I thank you for it expressed a filial affection for
JOHN ADAMS.
Mr. Daniel Wright, & Mr. Erastus Lyman, Northampton.
New Hampshire Election.
The Concord (N. H.) Gazette, contains the votes of 156 towns, (leaving but 45 to be heard from) in which the votes are, for
Judge Smith 13,908 Mr. Langdon 13,016
Federal Repub. Maj. 802 The votes in 177 towns for Governor, give the federal candidate a majority of 963.
Philadelphia, March 28.
By the Spanish schooner Dolores, 27 days from Porto Rico, it is reported, that accounts from Spain, as late as February 9, had been received there, which announced the defeat of the French by the combined Spanish and British armies.—We have seen no letters that notice this intelligence—and therefore cannot vouch for its authenticity.
Extract of a letter from Cadiz, dated January 29, 1809.
"No regular courses have been received by the government from general Romana, but it has information from Madrid down to about the 19th instant, which puts beyond doubt that there has been a general and very severe action between the grand corps of the French army and the united Spanish and British; this took place on the beginning of the month and continued at intervals through several days—on the 2d and 4th of the month, on the 2d more particularly, the contest was very bloody; finally, the emperor having received a large reinforcement, general Romana found it proper to retire, first to the mountains of Leon, and since then he has taken good positions on the borders of Galicia and Asturias: the loss on either side in these engagements, is estimated at from 6 to 8000 men; on the side of the French Marshal Lefebvre was killed, and as is believed, three or four other generals wounded or prisoners. The Emperor's plan seems to have been at once to cut off the communication of the British with the sea and to separate their army from the Spanish—the operation has so far failed.
"The advanced guard of the Duke of Infantado, under general Vanegas, which was at Ucles, has been also attacked by a much superior force; it fought with great obstinacy, the duke supported it with small detachments so as to prevent its entire destruction, and thus it was able to rejoin the main body which fell back to Alacanti, on the borders of Murcia and Valencia; why the duke did not take post at Cuenca does not appear; but probably Albeceti standing in the range of mountains, is better situated for preserving the communication with the different posts in the Sierra Morena: his plan evidently was to establish himself at Toledo, where he would be in the best position for receiving reinforcements from the army, which general Quesada is organizing in Estramadura, and at the same time from that actually in the Sierra Morena, and thus be enabled to march instantly upon Madrid—this plan he might have effected had he been two days earlier, but from many causes it is impossible for the Spanish troops at present to move with the celerity of the French: some are disposed to censure Infantado for having sacrificed his advanced corps, but it appears to have been unavoidable, for the French having entirely failed in their attacks on Saragossa, the siege was suddenly raised, and the greater part of their force from that quarter having reinforced the corps which attacked Infantado, he must have been entirely defeated, if he had entered into a general engagement.
"Barcelona has received relief, but the war in the province of Catalonia, is carried on with the utmost vigor by the Spaniards—it is represented to be a scene of terrible carnage on both sides.
"Intelligence, not entirely certain, is that the French have now advanced towards the "Puente Almy" in their way to Truxillo in Estramadura. In that province, general Quesada may have about from 10 to 15,000 men, in
a tolerable state of organization, it is expected that he will be able to defend the pass of the bridge, which is very defensible—should the French, however, force it, their way into these provinces will be open, if they can venture to proceed, leaving Quesada and the army of the Sierra Morena, in their rear. They have also advanced very far into La Mancha.
"The reports from Madrid are of the most disagreeable kind—it is represented to be in a most frightful situation of consternation and disorder, that there has been another movement of the people against the French, in which a great number on either side were killed—all the shops remain shut, many of them as well as private houses have been seceded—all the convents of men and women, (as well as in Castile generally) have been abandoned by the religious—assassinations in the streets take place every night—in fine that it is a place full of horrors.
"Seville is fortifying, and is expected to be very shortly in a respectable state of defence." Monitor.
Extract of a letter from a respectable American gentleman in Spain to his friend in Baltimore, dated Cadiz, January 29.
This vessel will take to America news of an unpleasant nature—the French being without any doubt conquerors in their late engagements, and particularly with the English. We have undoubted intelligence of the latter preparing to embark the remains of their forces at Vigo or Corunna; in consequence of which their minister at Lisbon has announced to his countrymen the propriety of immediate preparation to embark their property, for which purpose they have permission from the regency, without paying duty. Infantado is beaten likewise, and is retiring towards Valencia. Saragossa is the only place where the French have failed; and Palafox has a second time immortalised himself by his defence of it. It is supposed they will meet with great difficulty in the subjugation of this province, the passes of the Sierra Morena being very difficult. There is scarce a doubt, however, of their ultimate success in the conquest of the whole kingdom, this place (Cadiz) excepted, which is absolutely impregnable by land.
JAN. 30.—The news received this day is worse and worse. A strong pass of the Sierra Morena is said to be taken; and if this is true, the province will soon be conquered. The Central Junta, it is expected will remove to this place immediately.
OFFICERS,
Non-Commissioned officers and privates of the 4th Company of Militia,
ARE requested to meet on Saturday, the 1st of April at the Centre Market Square at 2 o'clock, P. M., with arms, accoutrements, and in uniform, as the law directs, such as have attended the last day of muster in Nov. will not receive any other notice, having been previously notified on the ground.
The Company district is now composed of all that part of the city, North West of the Canal East of West Sixteenth street and West of First street West.
It is presumed every man will appear with arms, &c. & in uniform who is able to procure them, for freemen the attainment of the knowledge of the use of arms is at all times useful & necessary. But at this awful and portentous period it is indispensable. Under these impressions as well as in obedience to my duty, I shall endeavor to see the law relative to arms, and uniform rigidly enforced.
GEORGE ANDREWS capt. March 31—
PUBLIC SALE.
BY Virtue of a decree from the High Court of Chancery of Maryland, directed to me as trustee, for the purpose of paying a sum of money therein mentioned, due from Philip Fitzhugh deceased to Issacher and Mahlon Schofield, will be sold at Public Auction, on the premises, to the highest bidder on the 22d day of April next at 12 o'clock, one undivided moiety or half of the Adelphi Mills and about 30 acres of Land belonging thereto, lying in Prince Georges' county, and the whole of from 27 to 30 acres of Land adjoining the above mentioned Land; the Mill House is large and built of stone, 3 pair of 5 feet Bur-stones; a stone store house and stable, and there is several other out buildings, Smiths Shop, &c. The terms will be made known on the day of Sale. The creditors are hereby warned to exhibit their claims within six month from the day of Sale.
JOSEPH L. SCHOLFIELD, Trustee. 3d month 31st, 1809.—3w
NOTICE.
ON Easter Monday the 3rd of April next, at 10 o'clock, A. M. there will be several PEWS put up to Public Sale in Christ Church, and at the same place at 11 o'clock, A. M. there will be an election for Vestrymen and Wardens, for this Parish, for the ensuing year.
By order, HENRY INGLE, Reg. of W. P. March 31—2t.
Treasury Department, March 27, 1809. WHEREAS, in conformity with the provisions made by law, for the reimbursement of the Exchanged Six per Cent Stock, created by the second section of the act entitled "An Act supplementary to the act entitled "An Act making provision for the redemption of the whole of the public debt of the United States," passed on the 11th day of February, 1807, it has been determined by lot that the Certificates of said stock, designated by the permanent numbers contained in the annexed Schedule, should be reimbursed on the first day of October next.
PUBLIC NOTICE.
It is therefore given to the proprietors of the Certificates of EXCHANGED SIX PER CENT Stock, created by the act aforesaid, and bearing the permanent numbers contained in the annexed Schedule, that the principal of the same, will, on surrender of the certificates, be paid on the first day of October, 1809, to the respective Stockholders or their legal representatives, or attorneys duly constituted, either at the Treasury or at the Loan Office where the Stock thus to be reimbursed may then stand credited to the proprietors thereof.
It is further made known for the information of the parties concerned, that no transfers of the certificates of Exchanged Stock bearing the permanent numbers, contained in the annexed Schedule, from the Books of the Treasury, or of any Commissioner of Loans, will be allowed after the first day of September next. And the interest on all the certificates contained in the said Schedule will cease and determine on the day preceding the day hereby fixed for the reimbursement thereof.
ALBERT GALLATIN, Secretary of the Treasury.
SCHEDULE.
8 16,236 39,015 40,319 10 16,237 39,019 40,320 5,002 16,247 39,029 40,323 5,003 16,255 39,021 40,326 5,004 16,257 39,022 40,329 5,008 16,261 39,031 40,332 5,009 16,267 39,032 40,333 5,025 16,268 39,033 40,335 5,026 16,286 39,039 40,341 5,028 16,287 39,040 40,342 5,029 16,288 39,043 40,349 5,038 16,294 39,047 40,351 5,044 28,002 39,056 40,352 10,005 26,007 39,059 40,356 10,019 26,009 39,061 40,359 10,020 26,011 40,006 40,360 10,024 26,012 40,008 40,375 10,039 27,002 40,017 40,386 15,007 27,004 40,020 40,391 15,013 29,002 40,020 40,406 15,015 29,005 40,031 40,410 15,020 29,006 40,039 40,416 15,021 29,011 40,046 40,419 15,023 29,016 40,048 40,421 15,024 29,026 40,053 40,422 15,031 29,033 40,054 40,423 15,032 29,037 40,063 40,424 16,007 29,061 40,071 40,427 16,016 29,062 40,072 40,430 16,017 29,063 40,077 40,431 16,018 29,065 40,082 40,436 16,021 29,070 40,089 40,438 16,024 29,071 40,100 40,442 16,034 29,074 40,109 40,433 16,050 29,076 40,121 40,456 16,051 29,079 40,122 40,457 16,059 29,081 40,127 40,457 16,065 29,082 40,129 40,493 16,069 29,085 40,130 40,494 16,070 29,094 40,138 40,495 16,074 29,097 40,140 40,504 16,078 29,101 40,151 40,506 16,087 29,102 40,154 50,094 16,090 29,119 40,158 53,007 16,094 29,123 40,161 53,010 16,104 29,136 40,162 53,014 16,109 29,130 40,168 53,017 16,112 29,131 40,185 53,023 16,115 29,133 40,195 53,044 16,121 29,142 40,200 53,045 16,122 29,161 40,205 53,052 16,123 29,162 40,208 53,054 16,124 29,164 40,230 54,003 16,126 29,172 40,237 54,007 16,129 29,188 40,242 54,015 16,129 29,193 40,246 55,015 16,145 29,199 40,259 55,017 16,146 29,201 40,264 55,021 16,153 29,202 40,270 55,032 16,160 29,207 40,278 55,035 16,164 29,211 40,283 55,038 16,167 29,222 40,292 55,040 16,191 29,233 40,293 55,042 16,197 29,236 40,297 55,045 16,207 29,241 40,299 55,050 16,212 29,245 40,307 55,057 16,224 29,001 40,308 55,062 16,226 29,003 40,315 55,068 16,230 29,012 40,318
ATTENTION! UNION RIFLE GUARDS.
The Members of the Union Rifle Guards, are requested to meet at the House of Mr. C. JONES Pennsylvania avenue on FRIDAY EVENING next at 7 o'clock, for the purpose of receiving the Report of the Committee appointed last meeting, and to elect Officers for the Company.
Those persons desirous of joining are invited to attend.
By order of the COMPANY. March 29—2t.
ADVANCE OF TICKETS.
BLACK RIVER LOTTERY, No. 2. Tickets will be advanced to NINE dollars On TUESDAY the 4th of APRIL—A few may be had till that time of JOSEPH MILLEGAN, George town, at EIGHT dollars and an HALL. March 30—3t.
THIS IS TO GIVE NOTICE.
THAT the subscriber hath obtained from the Orphans Court of St. Mary's county and state of Md. letters of administration on the Personal Estate of RICHARD BOND, late of the aforesaid county and state, deceased. All persons having claims against the said deceased are hereby warned to exhibit the same, for adjustment, with the proper vouchers thereof, to the subscriber, living in St. Mary's county and state of Md. at or before the 13th day of July next, they may otherwise by law be excluded from a benefit of the said estate. Given under my hand this 13th day of January 1809. REBECCA WHITE BOND, Executrix January 20—16mUG
Treasury Department, March 28, 1809. WHEREAS, in conformity with the provisions made by law, for the reimbursement of the Exchanged Six per Cent Stock, created by the second section of the Act entitled "An Act supplementary to the act entitled "An Act making provision for the redemption of the whole of the public debt of the U. S." passed on the 11th day of February, 1807, it has been determined by lot that the Certificates of said stock designated by the permanent numbers contained in the annexed Schedule, should be reimbursed on the first day of January next;
PUBLIC NOTICE.
It is therefore given to the proprietors of the Certificates of EXCHANGED SIX PER CENT Stock created by the act aforesaid, and bearing the permanent numbers contained in the annexed Schedule, that the principal of the same, will on surrender of the certificates, be paid on the first day of January, 1810, to the respective Stockholders or their legal representatives, or attorneys duly constituted, either at the Treasury or at the Loan Office where the Stock thus to be reimbursed, may then stand credited to the proprietors thereof.
It is further made known for the information of the parties concerned, that no transfers of the Certificates of Exchanged Stock bearing the permanent numbers contained in the annexed Schedule, from the Books of the Treasury or of any Commissioner of Loans, will be allowed after the first day of December next. And the interest on all the Certificates contained in the said Schedule, will cease and determine, on the day preceding the day hereby fixed for the reimbursement thereof.
ALBERT GALLATIN, Secretary of the Treasury.
SCHEDULE.
5 16,201 39,005 40,340 7 16,218 39,006 40,344 5,017 16,219 39,041 40,348 5,018 16,222 39,044 40,355 5,021 16,238 39,045 40,354 5,022 16,242 39,053 40,365 5,023 16,246 40,001 40,367 5,032 16,249 40,005 40,378 5,039 16,255 40,011 40,383 5,045 16,258 40,021 40,384 5,046 16,270 40,023 40,394 5,056 16,275 40,027 40,403 5

PROPOSALS
BY THOMAS J. ROGERS & OTHERS, (Of Easton, Pennsylvania.)
For publishing by subscription, a new and valuable work, to be entitled
THE AMERICAN SENATOR.
Or Select Debates in the Congress of the United States.
TO THE PUBLIC.
IN offering this work to the American people, the Editors deem little need be said in its praise. It is to perpetuate as well the names as the talents of the sons of America, and to rescue from oblivion the eloquence of the American Senate. It has long been a source of regret to the lovers of oratory, that hitherto the debates in the Congress of the United States have been suffered to pass into oblivion, or preserved only in the ephemeral productions of the day. Orations, which would have done honor to a Cicero or a Demosthenes, to a Chatham or a Curran, have been suffered to expire for the want of the fostering hand of a kind parent. No attempt has ever been made to give them a substance capable of enduring forages to come. The Editors, proud of their country, and anxious to transmit to posterity monuments of her fame and glory, are determined to publish in volumes the speeches that may be delivered by the Representatives of the people of the United States. These they are not ashamed to put in competition with the most eloquent of antiquity. If Rome had her Cicero, and Greece her Demosthenes, America had her Ames. If Great Britain boasts of her Buxkes, her Foxes, and her Chathams, why may not America boast of her Madisons and her Dickersons, her Giles and her Bayards, her Pinckneys and her Livingstons?
In reading this work, the patriot may rejoice that his country has yet her defenders, and liberty her advocates. The student may contemplate with pleasure and delight the manly eloquence displayed by his countrymen, while the statesman may here study the true interests of his country. All ranks and all classes will be interested in a work, that has for its object, to preserve and perpetuate the talents and eloquence of our enlightened statesmen.
In the formation of these volumes, the Editors will be guided by a strict and impartial attention to the merits of the speeches alone; and if, on any interesting question, a greater number of orations should be published on one side, than are to be found on the other, the Editors will not be considered as blameable. Nor can they be answerable, on which side, the strength of the argument will lie. Their object is to give to the world a fair specimen of American genius, and by publishing the debates on each side of any question which may be agitated, a better opportunity will be given to every citizen of thinking and of judging for himself. It is in this manner, and in this manner alone, by enlightening the people of the United States, and exhibiting every measure proposed or adopted in its proper colors, that the liberties of the country will be preserved.
Prefixed to the orations on any particular subject, a concise narrative will be given of the object of them, and the orations will be selected without reference to parties or politics.
The Editors had intended to have commenced their publication with the next Presidency; but as the debates during the present session of Congress have been extremely interesting to men of all parties, the Editors have thought it most proper to commence with them, as an introduction to the debates during the ensuing legislature, which will have a strong relation to the acts and proceedings of the present one.
CONDITIONS.
 I. The work shall be put to press as soon as a sufficient number of subscribers are obtained to defray the expenses of printing.  II. The debates of each Session will be comprised in a large Octavo volume, to contain about 400 pages.  III. The work shall be handsomely printed, on a good paper, with a new Small Pica Type , and delivered to subscribers at Two Dollars the volume in boards. To non-subscribers the work will be enhanced.  IV. A list of Subscribers' names will be given at the end of the work.  V. Orders from Booksellers and others will be promptly attended to.  Easton, February 27.
MANUFACTURING COMPANY.
A GRATABLE to a resolution of the Board of Directors, the subscribers to the Manufacturing Company of the city of Washington and district of Columbia, are hereby notified that the Second Instalment on each share is required to be paid on Monday the 31 day of April next, and the remaining instalments on the 1st Monday of every month thereafter, until the whole are paid.
For the receipt of the Second Instalment on the 31 April next, the Subscriber will attend at LISLEARY'S HOTEL , city of Washington from 11 A.M. to 7 P.M.
MICHAEL NOURSE , Treas.
March 27—3t
THIRTY DOLLARS REWARD.
Left their work on the 27th February last from the subscriber's plantation near Bryan Town, Charles county, two Negro Lads, one by the name of STEPHEN and the other AMBROWS ; they are black, Stephen is about 5 feet 3 inches high—Ambrows about 5 feet 6 inches. Their clothing was the same which was white country cloth double wove jacket and trowsers, blue broad cloth under jackets—they likely will continue together as they went off together.
Also one by the name of RAFE , left his work on the 28th February, and clothing as the others, all to that of his under jacket which was white. Rafe is a yellow black with a scar under his left eye; he is about 5 feet 8 inches high; he stole my horse, saddle, and bridle last July, and was apprehended at Queen Anne. Neither of them took a hat; they are brothers, and probably together, as I am sure it was a concerted thing between them. Whoever brings them home or secures them in jail, so that I get them will be entitled to the above reward including the legal fee, or TEN Dollars for either of them, the legal fee included.
BENEDICT BOARMAN.
March 20—w4t
PUBLIC NOTICE.
PURSUANT to a resolution of the House of Representatives of the United States, of the third day of March inst. I am ready to receive, until the 10th day of April next, separate proposals in writing, for the supply of such articles of Stationery, as may be necessary for the service of the said House, until the 4th of March, one thousand eight hundred and eleven; and also, the like Proposals for the execution of all the Printing business of the said House, and for the supply of Fuel during the same time. The several species of Stationery, Printing and Fuel wanted, are subjoined to this advertisement, and the proposals must be accompanied with the names and residence of sufficient securities for performance.
PATRICK MAGRUDER, Clerk to the House of Representatives.
STATIONERY WANTED.
 Letter Paper, hot pressed, vellum, extra large, } 1000  do. plain, } 1000  Folio Post, wove and plain, } 1000  Medium size for engrossing, } 1000  Postscript, } 1000  Ready made Pens and Quills, per hundred, } 1000  Best Dutch Red Wax, } 1000  Best Black do. } 1000  Red Wafers, } 1000  Common Black Sand, } 1000  Inks and Sands (glass) per pair, } 1000  Water Boxes and Pounce Boxes } 1000  Half pint phials, with corks, } 1000  Low priced Folders, } 1000  Lead Pencils, } 1000  Red and white tape, in pieces, } 1000  Silk tapes, or narrow ribbon, } 1000  Ink of the best quality, per gallon, } 1000  Indian Rubbers, per bottle, } 1000  Parchment in skins, per dozen, completely dressed and pounced for use, 28 by 32 inches, } 1000  Office Pen Knives, } 1000  The supply of these articles must embrace a possible demand to the value of three thousand five hundred or four thousand dollars for each of the sessions in the Congress.
It is desirable that specimens of Paper, Quills, Parchment and Wax should accompany the proposals. A security equal to sixteen thousand dollars will be required.
PRINTING WANTED.
 Plain work, octavo, 300 impressions of each sheet, } 1000  Bills folio, numbered, per line, in sheet or half sheet, } 1000  Figure work, } 1000  Rule & Figure work, } 1000  Table work, } 1000  Folding and Stitching, per hundred, for any number of documents exceeding three half sheets, and thence to twenty half sheets, and upwards, } 1000  Book-binding in boards, } 1000  do. in calf, } 1000  do. in sheep, } 1000  do. in leather, } 1000 
In every instance the Printer supplies the paper as well as the work, duly folded and stitched, and no possible delay is to occur in the daily execution and delivery of the work, so that in all cases where it is practicable, the document ordered to be printed on any given day, may be ready for delivery the next morning, at the hour to which the House stands adjourned. The proposals must specify the rate of decrease in the price for printing any number of impressions greater than the usual number of three hundred, and not exceeding five thousand.
No extra allowance will be made for working on Sundays, holidays, or after night; these must be considered by the contractor in the price per sheet. The contract must embrace a possible amount of work, during the sessions of the Congress equal to twenty thousand dollars, and the security required will be to the amount of forty thousand dollars.
FUEL WANTED.
The supply of the next Congress will require three hundred Cords of good sound Hickory wood, to be delivered, sawed, packed and measured in the public cellar of the Capitol, at the expense of the contractor. One hundred and fifty cords to be delivered on or before the first day of October next; the remaining one hundred and fifty cords, must be delivered on or before the first day of September, one thousand eight hundred and ten. A proportion of the purchase money will be advanced on giving sufficient security for the performance of the contract.
PATRICK MAGRUDER, Clerk of the U. States.
March 1—3t
PUBLIC SALE.
BY order of the Orphan's Court of Prince George's County, Maryland, on Saturday the first day of April next, will be offered at public sale, at the late dwelling house of Thomas H. Hanson, deceased, all the personal property of the deceased, consisting of several Likely Negroes, to be sold for a term of years, and some to be sold for life—Horses, Cattle, Plantation Utensils & Household furniture.
Terms made known on the day of sale. THOMAS G. ADDISON , Administrator.
March 10—2w4tds.
A TEN YARD TO BE RENTED.
For a term of years, from the 2nd day of April next—The premises consist of a good Dwelling House and Stable, with two Gardens; the Yard contains about 24 Sinks, a large Bark and Mill House, a Warehouse, Currying Shop, &c. Situate near the Capitol and Navy Yard, in the city of Washington. The present tenant will treat with any person who may rent this property, for the Stock of Leather, Hides, and Bark, which he may then have on hand. For further particulars enquire of ROBT. UNDERWOOD on the Pennsylvania avenue, who will show the premises.
February 17—4t
QUILLES & FALCON.
MERCHANT TAYLOR, RESPECTFULLY informs the gentlemen of the district of Columbia and Public in general, that he has received by a late arrival from Philadelphia, a Choice Assortment of superfine Cloths, Cassimeres, single and double milled, superfine Coatings, black silk Florentines. Likewise an elegant assortment of Sponcelts & rich silk Molekins for Waistcoats with a variety of other articles suitable for the season. Regimentals and Navy Uniforms made in the most elegant and uniform style of fashion.
Richard Horneel's celebrated PATENT PARALLEL SUSPENDERS far superior to any hitherto in use can be had on the same terms retail, as at his Manufactory.
November 27—4t
W E the undersigned, Merchants, and Masters of vessels now in the port of Havana, having been called upon by Captain WILLIAM WILKINS , commander of the brig WILLIAM , of Dumfries, lately arrived from Baltimore to this port in distress, to examine and report the true situation of the said vessel, we do hereby certify and declare, that we went on board said vessel, and after strict examination, found the said brig's stern was started out and loose from its frame, the stern post entirely moved out of its place, and the stern in every part so wrecked, that the crew was obliged to confine it together with a hawser at sea—we also found that the said vessel made a great deal of water while lying in this port in smooth water—We also found her water ways all open, and her main topmast carried away, and also the head of her foremast rotten and gone. We give it as our decided opinion, that the said vessel cannot proceed to sea in her present situation, and must be discharged to undergo a thorough repair. Given under our hands at Havana, this twenty-eighth day of January, one thousand eight hundred and nine.
Signed, WM. L. RICHARDSON, ROBERT DAWSON, DANIEL SHAW, I. TABER, CLEMENT CATHELL.
Extract of a letter from Mr. Vincent Gray, under date 22 February, 1809.
"The brig has been sold for the best price she would command. To ship this cargo back to the United States, and pay a freight of 4 or 5 $ per barrel is out of the question, and no tribunal would ask it, as the freight and insurance from hence would amount to more than the flour would be worth on its arrival in the United States. Some of the cargo it appears was thrown over board, and a quantity damaged."
(Signed) VINCENT GRAY. March 17—1m
Banks of Columbia , March 16, 1809. The Board of Directors having this day declared a dividend for the half year ending the 20th inst. at the rate of Eight per Cent per annum. The same will be paid to the Stockholders or their representatives on or after Monday the 20th inst.
WILLIAM WHANN , Cashier. March 20—3w
FOR SALE.
Available Family of NEGROES , consisting of a Man, who is a carpenter, his wife and seven children; all young and healthy. BENJ. ODEN. Prince Georges county, Dec. 16—4t
NOTICE.
THE persons who claim title to the following LOTS in Georgetown , are notified that their titles are defective in consequence of their having neglected to avail themselves of the compromise agreed on in the case of Beatty and Davidson . The representatives of Gen. Davidson are yet willing to assent to the same compromise, and all who apply by the 10th May next may obtain deeds on those terms—the lots claimed by those who do not apply will be proceeded against. If those persons desire any information on this subject they can apply to Mr. Abner Ritchie or to F. S. Key, esq. Georgetown. Letters from those who do not reside in the District (post paid) will be attended to.
ANNE MARIA DAVIDSON, Executrix & devisee of Gen. JOHN DAVIDSON.
The following are the Lots in Beatty and Davidson's addition to Georgetown, referred to in the above notice—Lots No. 2 & part of lot No. 3—lots Nos. 4, 6, 15, 30, 41, 43, 44, 52, 58, 59, 60, 65, 67, 71, and part of lot 72—lots no. 80, 81, 83, 85, 86, 87, 91, 92, 94, 103, 104, 105, 109, 110, 113, 114, 118, 119, 121, 123, 125, 129, 130, 132, 133, 135, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 148, 149, 154, 155, 163, 166, 168, 170, 175, 176, 194, 195, 196, 205, 207, 211, 212, 214, 216, 220, 225, 227, 230, 231, 236, 237, 239, 245, 248, 256, 257, 258, 259, 261, 262, 263, 264, 265, 267, 269, 270, 272, 273, 275, 278, 279, 282, 287, 288, 289, 290, 294, and 295. March 22—410m
NEW YORK STATE LOTTERY,
Positively commences Drawing 12th of April next.
 HIGHEST PRIZES.  30,000 Dollars.  20,000 Dollars.  10,000 Dollars.  5,000 Dollars. 
TICKETS & SHARES,
Sold at WAITE'S Truly fortunate Lottery Offices in New York, where was sold in the last Lottery the three highest prizes, viz.
 No. 20,231 25,000 Dollars.  — 25,403 10,000 Dollars.  — 30,799 5,000 Dollars. 
Tickets and Shares in the above Grand Lottery from Waite's Office, may be had of Mr. JOSEPH MILLIGAN , at his Book Store in Georgetown, where the weekly Prize List will be regularly received.
Georgetown, March 10—cp1m
BLACK RIVER LOTTERY.
No. 2. Positively commences Drawing on the 12th of April next.
 Present Price of Tickets.  Whole Tickets $8 50  Half do. 4 25  Quarter do. 2 25  Eighth do. 1 12 1-2 
Tickets at the New York prices from G. & F. Waite's Truly Fortunate Lottery Office may be had of JOSEPH MILLIGAN , Georgetown; where a regular Check book of the drawings will be kept, and adventurers in the Lottery may obtain the earliest information of their success gratis.
Notes shall be promptly attended to, and distant adventurers advised of the success. Georgetown, March 20—6t
W AS taken up adrift on Thursday last a new GUNDALOW BOAT with one steering oar. The owner is requested to come, prove property, pay charges and take her away.
WM SPOONER. Navy Yard, March 25—3t
NOTICE.
ON Monday next at 10 o'clock, A.M. there will be several PEWS put up to Public Sale, and that the same place at 11 o'clock, A.M. there will be an Election for Vestrymen and Wardens for this Parish for the ensuing year.
By order, HENRY INGLE , Reg. W. P. March 29—3t
INFORMATION WANTED.
IF the heirs of ROBE HOHRIN , a native of Wurtemberg, in Germany, who it is said died at Frederick-town, in the state of Maryland, in the year 1773, will make application at the Department of State, they will receive some information, which may probably be of advantage to them. March 22.
WANTS A SITUATION,
AS a Private Tutor or Public Teacher , either in town or country, a young MAN, qualified to teach English, including the practical branches of the Mathematics. A line addressed to C. A. city of Washington, will be duly attended to.
N. B. Unexceptionable recommendations will be given. March 29—2awtf
FIRE ENGINE.
THE Columbia Fire Company having appointed a committee to make a contract for a Fire Engine, it is hoped that all persons indebted to them for fines, or subscriptions, will pay without further delay, to enable the committee to make the purchase. The following is the state of the funds of the company.
  Cash in the hands of the Treasurer, 202 25   Due on the subscription list, 156 00   Due for Fines, 106 00   Dollars 464 25 
A good Engine will cost 600 dollars. There will be some additional expenses. Those who have not subscribed are earnestly called upon to make up this deficiency. It would be insulting both the understanding and the public spirit of the citizens to suppose that so important an object should be further delayed, for the want of a small addition to the funds in hand. Every citizen is deeply interested, and every one should cheerfully contribute his mite. Mr. Nicholas L. Queen is appointed to collect and receive subscriptions, and Griffith Coombe and Henry Tims to collect the fines. By order, and on behalf of the Company.
JOHN COYLE , President. March 17.
NOTICE.
WILL be exposed to PUBLIC SALE on the 15th day of April next at Drummonds tavern Navy Yard, all the right, title, claim and interest of JOHN VINCENT to a part of a LOT in square No. 930, on Eighth street, 20 feet in front, running back 75 feet, with a Two Story BRICK HOUSE thereon, and other improvements, which property Mr. John Dobbins now occupies, taken by virtue of a writ of ferri facias , issued from the Circuit Court of the District of Columbia for the county of Washington, at the suit of Lewis Clephian. Terms of sale cash. Sale to commence precisely at 12 o'clock.
WASHINGTON BOYD , Marshal. March 15—tavis
FOR SALE,
A very likely healthy MULATTO GIRL , About 12 years of age—apply at this office. February 27—4t
FIVE DOLLARS REWARD.
LOST, a SILVER WATCH with hands telling the day of the month on the face of her, and capped—Mott, maker, New York. Whoever will return the Watch to this office, shall receive the above sum, and no question asked. Wednesday, March 1, 1809—
FOR SALE.
WILL be sold at private sale, a valuable tract of LAND , containing three hundred acres, well wooded, within three miles of Georgetown—For terms of sale, which will be accommodating, apply to James Morsell, Esq. of George town, or to EDWARD HALL , of West River. March 24—6t
NEW STORE.
Opened by JOHN LAUB , a few doors above the Union Tavern in Georgetown; where he offers for Sale an Elegant Assortment of the following GOODS , lately received from Philadelphia—
 Ladies Kid, Morocco and Leather Shoes, Misses and Children's do. do.  Ladies Silk and Cotton Hosiery, Plated and plain Parasols, Ladies short, long & extra long Kid Shoes, Silk Lace, Cotton Lace, and Spider Net Sleeves.  Tortoise Shell Combs, Sewing Silks, Sewing Cotton by the ball and hank, Pins, Needles, Tapes, Bobbins, a variety of Fruit and Ladies Work Baskets, &c. &c. 
March 29—3t
ONE CENT REWARD.
RAN AWAY from the Subscribers on Wednesday the 22d inst. an Apprentice Boy by the name of Johnson Crawford , nearly 14 years of age, about 4 feet 3 inches high, dark complexion. Had on when he went away a dark blue jacket and panta-loons. Whoever harbors the said apprentice will be liable to prosecution. Any person that will be at the pains of returning him shall receive the above reward, but no expenses will be paid by
DINMORE & COOPER. March 29—3t
FOR SALE,
THE two story BRICK HOUSE , situate on square No. 930, in the city of Washington, now occupied by Mr. Tuns Craven, as a retail store. The eligibility of this stand for the retail business is exceeded by none in this city; being situated on the principal street to the Navy Yard, and very near the Navy Yard Gate. Any person desirous of purchasing the above property may be shown it by applying to the subscriber, who will also make known the terms of sale. WM. BRENT.
STRAY COW.
TAKEN UP as a stray a Red and White COW, by the subscriber near Mrs. Cassanees in December last—she has a star on her face, and a slit in each ear. The owner may have her again by proving property and paying costs. JOSEPH THOMAS. Washington March 27—3t
NATIONAL MUSEUM.
THE very flattering encouragement the Subscriber has met with from a number of Gentlemen of the highest respectability and talent, among whom he has the honor to name the President of the United States and Dr. Samuel L. Mitchell of New York—has induced him respectfully to announce to the Public, his determination to commence the establishment of a NATIONAL MUSEUM , connected with a GALLERY OF PORTRAITS , in the city of Washington, where a Building well calculated for the purpose is now preparing.
The great and obvious utility of such an institution at the seat of the National Government, it is presumed will strike every liberal and enlightened mind in so forcible a manner as to render any further detail in the present instance unnecessary.
C. BOYLE. March 20—3t
WANTED TO HIRE.
A WOMAN SERVANT , of good character, one that is acquainted with plain cooking, washing and mending, and house work generally, to such a person liberal wages will be given—Apply to TOPPIN WEBSTER , Near to the Six Buildings. Feb 24—4t
Prince George's county court, September Term, 1808.
ON the application by petition in writing, of ROBERT MCKOY , of Prince Georges county, to this court, for the benefit of the act of Assembly passed at November session eighteen hundred and five, entitled "An act for the benefit of sundry insolvent debtors" and the several supplements thereto, to a schedule of his property and a list of his creditors on oath as far as he can ascertain them being annexed to his said petition, and the court being satisfied by competent testimony that the said petitioner is a citizen of the state of Maryland, and that he has resided therein the two last years preceding his application, and being also satisfied that the said Robert M'Koy , is now in actual confinement for debt, and the said petitioner having entered into bond with security for his appearance in this court on the first Monday in April next to answer such interrogatories as his creditors may propose to him. It is thereupon ordered and adjudged that the said Robert M'Koy be discharged from his imprisonment, and the said first Monday in April next is appointed for the said petitioner to deliver up his property and to have a trustee appointed for the benefit of his creditors; and it is ordered that the said Robert M'Koy by causing a copy of the foregoing to be published once a week for three months successively in the National Intelligencer , before the said first Monday in April next, give notice to his creditors