The national intelligencer and Washington advertiser. (Washington City [D.C.]), 1806-01-31 00:00:00

NATIONAL INTELLIGENCER, AND WASHINGTON ADVERTISER.
Vol. VI.
WASHINGTON CITY, PRINTED BY SAMUEL HARRISON SMITH, PENNSYLVANIA AVENUE.
No. DCCCXXIX.
FIVE DOLLARS PER ANNUM.
FRIDAY, JANUARY 31, 1806.
PAID IN ADVANCE.
Further extracts from An examination of the British Doctrine, which subjects to capture a neutral trade not open in time of peace.
[CONTINUED]
In July, 1667, a treaty was concluded with the United Provinces, of which art. 111 provisionally adopts certain articles from the treaty of Breda, between the United Provinces and France, on the subject of maritime commerce; until a fuller treaty could be perfected between the parties. The articles adopted, in relation to the trade between the subjects of one of the parties and the enemies of the other, declare that the trade shall extend, without impediment, to all articles not contraband, and to all places not besieged or blockaded.
In February, 1667—8 the same parties, then under a perpetual defensive alliance by virtue of a treaty of 21st July, 1667, and in a league moreover with Sweden by the triple league of 1668, resumed the subject of maritime and commercial affairs, and repeated, in the first article of their treaty, the precise stipulations adopted provisionally from the treaty between France and the United Provinces.
A treaty with Denmark, in 1669, stipulates, that they may trade each with the enemies of the other, in all articles not contraband, and to all places not blockaded, without any other exceptions.
On the 11th July, 1670, another treaty of alliance was concluded with Denmark, the xvi. art. of which declares that "neither of the parties shall be impeded in furnishing to the enemies of the other any merchandise whatever; excepting only articles of contraband, as described in the treaty, and ports and places besieged by the other."
It is worthy of notice in this treaty, and the remark is applicable to others, that the v. art. having stipulated a right mutually to trade in the kingdoms, provinces, marts, towns, ports, towns, ports, and rivers of each other, it was immediately provided in the next article, that prohibited ports and colonies should be excepted. If it had been conceived that such ports or colonies of enemies were not to be traded with, under the general right to trade with enemies acknowledged in the xvi. article, it is manifest that they would have been as carefully excepted in this as in the other case, out of the meaning of general terms equally comprehending them. This treaty proves also, that as early as 1670, colonies began to fall under attention in making treaties.
In a marine treaty of Dec. 1. 1674, with the United Provinces, stating in the title that it was "to be observed throughout all and every the countries and ports of the world by sea and land," it is stipulated again, in art. 1. to be "lawful for all and every the subjects of the most serene and mighty prince, the king of Great Britain, with all freedom and safety to sail, trade, and exercise any manner of traffic in all those kingdoms, countries, and estates, which are, or any time hereafter shall be in peace, amity, or neutrality with his said majesty; so that they shall not be any ways hindered or molested in their navigation or trade, by the military forces, nor by the ships of war, or any kind of vessels whatsoever, belonging either to the High and Mighty States General of the United Netherlands, or to their subjects, upon occasion or pretence of any hostility or difference which now is, or shall hereafter happen between the said Lords the States General, and any princes or people whatsoever, in peace, amity, or neutrality with his said majesty;" and so reciprocally.
Art. 11. "Nor shall this freedom of navigation and commerce be infringed by occasion or cause of any war, in any kind of merchandise, but shall extend to all commodities which may be carried in time of peace, those only excepted which follow in the next article, and are comprehended under the name of contraband."
Art. 111. enumerates the articles of contraband.
Art. iv. contains a negative list, which with all other articles not expressly included in the list of contraband, may be freely transported and carried to places under the obedience of enemies, except only towns or places besieged, environed, or invested.
This recital has been made the more minute, because it is necessary, in order to understand the whole force of the explanatory declaration between the parties bearing the same date; a document so peculiarly important in the present discussion, that its contents will be recited with equal exactness.
This document, after stating "that some difficulty had arisen concerning the interpretation of certain articles, as well in the treaty marine concluded this first day of December, 1674, as in that which was concluded the 17th February 1667—8 between his majesty of Great Britain on the one part, and the states general, &c. on the other part," proceeds to state "that sir William Temple, &c. on one part with eight commissioners on the other, have declared, and do by these presents declare, that the true meaning and intention of the said articles is, and ought to be, that
ships and vessels belonging to the subjects of either of the parties, can and might, from the time that the said article were concluded, not only pass, traffic & trade, from a neutral port or place, to a place in enmity with the other party, or from a place in enmity to a neutral place, but also from a port or place in enmity to a port or place in enmity with the other party, whether the said places belong to one and the same prince or state, or to several princes or states, with whom the other party is in war. And we declare that this is the true and genuine sense and meaning of the said articles; pursuant whereunto we understand that the said articles are to be observed and executed on all occasions, on the part of his said majesty, and the said states general, and their respective subjects; yet so that this declaration shall not be alleged by either party for matters which happened before the conclusion of the late peace in the month of Feb. 1673—4."
Prior to the peace, neither of them could claim the rights of neutrality against the other.
This declaratory stipulation has been said to be peculiarly important. It is so for several reasons:
1st. Because it determines the right of the neutral party, so far as may depend on the belligerent party, to trade not only between its own ports and those of the enemies of the belligerent party, without any exception of colonies, but between any other neutral port and enemies ports, without exception of colonial ports of the enemy; and moreover, not only between the ports, colonial as well as others, of one enemy and another enemy, but between the different ports of the same enemy; and consequently between one port and another of the principal country; between these and the ports of its colonies; between the ports of one colony and another, and even to carry on the coasting trade of any particular colony.
2d. Because it fixes the meaning not only of the articles in the two specified treaties; but has the same effect on all other stipulations by Great Britain, expressed in the same or equivalent terms; one or other of which are used in most, if not all her treaties on this subject.
3d. Because it made a part of the treaties explained, that free ships should make free goods; and consequently, the coasting and colonial trade, when combined with that neutral advantage, was the less likely to be acknowledged, if not considered as clearly belonging to the neutral party.
4th. Because the explanatory article was the result of the solicitation of England herself, and she actually claimed and enjoyed the benefit of the article, she being at the time in peace, and the Dutch in war with France.
In the treaty with France, February 24, 1677, articles 1. II. and III. import that each party may trade freely with the enemies of the other, with the same merchandise as in time of peace, contraband goods only excepted, and that all merchandise not contraband, "are free to be carried from any port in neutrality, to the port of an enemy, and from one port of an enemy to another; towns besieged, blocked up or invested, only excepted."
In 1689, England entered into the convention with Holland, prohibiting all neutral commerce with France, then the enemy of both. In consequence of the counter treaty of Sweden and Denmark, for defending their neutral rights against this violent measure, satisfaction was made, according to Vattel, for the ships taken from them; without the slightest evidence, as far as can be traced, that any attempt was made by either of the belligerent parties, to introduce the distinction between such part of the trade interrupted, as might not have been allowed before the war, and as was therefore unlawful, and such part as having been allowed before the war, might not lawfully be subject to capture.
We are now arrived at the treaties of Utrecht, an epoch so important in the history of Europe, and so essentially influencing the conventional law of nations, on the subject of neutral commerce.
The treaty of navigation and commerce, March 31, 1713, between Great Britain and France, art. xvii. imports, that all the subjects of each party shall sail with their ships with all manner of liberty and security, no distinction being made who are the proprietors of the merchandise laden thereon, from any port, to the places of those who now are, or shall hereafter be, of enmity with the queen of Great Britain and the christian king, and "to trade with the same liberty and security from the places, ports and havens of those who are enemies of both or of either party, without any opposition or disturbance whatsoever, not only directly from the places of the enemy aforementioned to neutral places, but also from one place belonging to an enemy, to another place belonging to an enemy, whether they be under the jurisdiction of the same prince or under several."
Art. xviii. "This liberty of navigation and commerce, shall extend to all kind of merchandise, excepting those
only which follow in the next article, and which are specified by the name of contraband."
Art. xix. gives a list of contraband which is limited to warlike instruments.
Art. xx. specifies others, many of which are in other treaties on the list of contraband, declaring that these with all other goods, not in the list of contraband in the preceding article may be carried and transported in the freest manner by the subjects of both confederates, even to places belonging to an enemy, such towns or places being only excepted as are at that time, besieged, blocked up round about, or invested.
Could the principle maintained against Great Britain be more clearly laid down, or more strongly fortified by her sanction?
To give to this example the complete effect which it ought to have, several remarks are proper:
In the first place, on comparing the description given of the free trade which might be carried on between the neutral party and an enemy of the other party, with the description of the free trade allowed between the parties themselves, by the 1st article of the treaty, it appears that in order to except the colonial trade in the latter case, the freedom stipulated in article 1, is expressly limited to Euro ...
The terms are, "that there shall be a reciprocal and entirely perfect liberty of navigation and commerce between the subjects on each part, through all and every the kingdoms, states, dominions of their royal majesties in Euro ..." In the stipulation relating to the neutral commerce of either with the enemy of the other (who, if a maritime enemy, could not fail to possess colonies out of Europe) the terms are, "that all merchandise, not contraband, may be carried in the freest manner to places belonging to an enemy, such towns or places only being excepted, as are at that time besieged or blockaded, &c."
without any limitation to Europe, or exception of colonies any where. It is obvious, that the terms here used comprehend all colonies, as much as the terms in the first article would have done, if colonies had not been excepted by limiting the freedom of trade to places "in Euro ;" and consequently that if any distinction between the colonial and other places of an enemy, had been contemplated in the neutral trade of either party with him, as it was contemplated between the colonies and European possessions of the parties in their commerce to be carried on between themselves, the distinction would have been expressed in the latter case, as it was in the former; and not being so expressed, the trade in the latter case was to be as free to the colonies, as would have been in the former, if the colonies had not been excepted by the limitation of the trade to Europe.
Secondly. But the treaty not content with this necessary construction, in favor of a neutral commerce with the colonies of an enemy, proceeds, in conformity to the example in the declaratory convention between England and Holland in 1674, explicitly to declare the freedom of the neutral party, to trade not only from any port, to the places of an enemy, and from the places of an enemy to neutral places, but also from one place to another place belonging to an enemy, whether the places be under the same or different sovereigns. Here both the coasting trade and the colonial trade, which, in relation to the parent country, is in the nature of a coasting trade, are both placed on the same footing with every other branch of commerce between neutral and belligerent parties, although it must have been well known, that both those branches are generally shut to foreigners in time of peace, and if opened at all, would be opened in time of war, and for the most part, on account of the war.
Thirdly. It is well known, that this particular treaty underwent great opposition and discussion, both without and within the British parliament; and that it was for some time, under a legislative negative. Yet it does not appear, either from the public debates, or from the discussions of the press, as far as there has been an opportunity of consulting them, that the difficulty arose in the least from this part of the treaty. The contest seems to have turned wholly on other parts, and principally on the regulations of the immediate commerce between the two nations. This part of the treaty may be considered, therefore, as having received the complete sanction of Great Britain. Had it indeed been otherwise, the repeated sanctions given to it on subsequent occasions, would preclude her from making the least use of any repugnance shown to it on this.
On the 28th November, 1713, a treaty of peace and another of commerce and navigation, were concluded at Utrecht with Spain, renewing and inserting the treaty of May 13th, 1667, the xxi. and xxvi. articles of which have been seen to coincide with the rules of neutral commerce, established by the treaty at Utrecht, between Great Britain and France.
Genoa and Venice were comprehended in the treaty of Utrecht, between Great Britain and Spain.
The above treaty of 1713, was confirmed by article xii. of a treaty of December 3, 1715, between Great Britain and Spain.
From the above date to the treaty of 1748, at Aix la Chapelle, the following treaties between England and other powers took place; in each of which, the principles established by her treaties at Utrecht, are reiterated:
With Sweden, January 21, 1720, art. xviii.
With Spain, June 13, 1721, article 11—confirming the treaty of 1667 and 1713.
With France and Spain, November 9, 1729, article 1—renewing all treaties of peace, of friendship and of commerce, and consequently those of Utrecht.
With the emperor of Germany and the United Netherlands, March 16, 1731, article 1—Renewing all former treaties of peace, friendship and alliance.
With Russia, December 2, 1734—stipulating in article 11, a free trade between either party and the enemy of the other, in all articles except munitions of war; and consequently articles permitted after, though not permitted before the war.
With Spain (a convention) January 14, 1739, article 1—Reiterating among former treaties, those of 1667 and 1713, above cited.
The treaty of Aix la Chapelle concluded in 1748, forms another memorable epoch in the political system of Europe. The immediate parties to it were Great Britain, France and the United Provinces.
The 111. Art. of this treaty renews and confirms, among others, the treaties of Utrecht.
This treaty was acceded to by Spain, Austria, Sardinia, Genoa, and Modena.
In 1753, in the treaty between Great Britain, France, and Spain, to which Portugal acceded, the 1st Art. expressly renews and confirms, among other treaties, the treaties of peace and commerce at Utrecht.
The treaty with Russia in 1766, Art. x. stipulates a free trade between either party, being neutral, and an enemy of the other, with the sole exception of military stores, and places actually blockaded.
In a convention with Denmark, July 4, 1780, explanatory of a list of contraband settled in a former treaty, it is expressly determined that merchandise not contraband, may be transported to places in possession of enemies, without any other exception than those besieged or blockaded.
The treaty of peace in 1783 with France, by Art. II. renews and confirms, among others, the treaties of Westphalia in 1648, of Utrecht in 1713, of Aix la Chapelle in 1748, and of Paris, 1763; in all of which the neutral right, now denied by Great Britain, was formally sanctioned by her stipulations.
In her treaty of the same date, with Spain, the same confirmation is repeated.
In the treaty of commerce again with France in 1786, deliberately undertaken in pursuance of Art. xviii. of the treaty of 1763, the articles above recited from the treaty of Utrecht are inserted word for word; and thus received a new the most deliberate and formal sanction—Chalm. vol. 1. p. 350.
It may be here again remarked, that although this treaty underwent the most violent opposition in Great Britain, it does not appear that the opposition was at all directed against the articles on the subject of neutral commerce.
The treaty of 1786 was explained and altered in several particulars, by a convention bearing date August 31, 1787; without any appearance of dissatisfaction, on either side, with the articles on neutral commerce.
In the negotiations at Lisle, in 1797, it was proposed on the part of Great Britain, by her ambassador, lord Malmsbury, to insert, as heretofore usual in the articles of peace, a confirmation of the treaties of Utrecht, Aix la Chapelle, &c. which was opposed by the French negotiators, for reasons foreign to the articles of those treaties in question.
On this occasion, lord Malmsbury, in urging the proposed insertion, observed, "that those treaties had become the law of nations, and that if they were omitted it might produce confusion." This fact is attested by the negotiations, as published by the British government.
If the treaties had become, or were founded in, the law of nations; such an omission, although it might be made a pretext for cavil between the parties, could certainly have no effect on the law of nations; and if the treaties expressed the law of nations on any subject at all, on what subject, it might be asked, have they been more explicit than on that of the maritime rights of neutrals?
This series of treaties, to which Great Britain is an immediate party, lengthy and strong as it is, has not exhausted the examples by which she stands self-condemned. One, in particular, remains for consideration; which, if it stood alone, ought forever to silence her pretensions. It is the treaty with Russia on the 5—17 of June, 1801.
A very important part of the treaty is the preamble:
"The mutual desire of his majesty the king of the United Kingdoms, &c. and his majesty the emperor of all the Russias, being not only to come to an understanding between themselves with respect to the differences which have lately interrupted the good understanding and friendly relations which subsist between the two states; but also to prevent, by frank and precise explanation upon the navigation of their respective subjects, the renewal of similar alterations and troubles, which might be the consequence of them; and the common object of the solicitude of their said majesties being to settle, as soon as can be done, an equitable arrangement of those differences, and an invariable determination of their principles upon the rights of neutrality, in their application to their respective monarchies, in order to unite more closely the ties of friendship and good intercourse, &c. have named for their plenipotentiaries, &c. who have agreed, &c."
With this declaratory preamble in view, attend to the following sections in article 111.
"His Britannic majesty and his Imperial majesty of all the Russias having resolved to place under a sufficient safeguard the freedom of commerce and navigation of their subjects, in case one of them shall be at war while the other shall be neutral, have agreed:
"1st. That the ships of the neutral power may navigate freely to the ports and upon the coasts of the nations at war.
"2d. That the effects embarked on board neutral ships shall be free, with the exception of contraband of war and of enemy's property; and it is agreed not to comprize under the denomination of the latter, the merchandise of the produce, growth or manufactures of the countries at war which should have been acquired by the subjects of the neutral power, and should be transported on their account; which merchandise cannot be excepted in any case from the freedom granted to the flag of the said power." &c. &c.
These extracts will receive additional weight from the following considerations:
First. This treaty made with Russia, the power that took the lead in asserting the principles of the armed neutrality, was, with exceptions not affecting the point in question, acceded to by Sweden and Denmark, the two other European powers most deeply interested in, and attached to those principles. It is a treaty, therefore, of Great Britain, as to this particular point, as well as to most of the others with Russia, Sweden and Denmark.
Secondly. The treaty had for its great object, as appears by its adoption of so many of the definitions of the armed neutrality, to fix the law of nations on the several points therein, which had been so much contested; the three northern powers yielding the point of free ships, free goods; & Great Britain yielding to all of them, those relating to the coastings, as well as every other branch of neutral trades; to blockades, and to the mode of search; and yielding to Russia, moreover, the point relating to the limitation of contraband. With respect to the case of convoys, a case not comprehended in the armed neutrality of 1780, but of much subsequent litigation, and inserted in that of 1800; a modification, satisfactory to the northern powers, was yielded by Great Britain; with a joint agreement, that the subjects on both sides should be prohibited from carrying contraband or prohibited goods, according to an article in the armed neutrality of both dates.
Thirdly. The treaty is expressly declared to be an invariable determination [fixation] of their principles upon the rights of neutrality, in their application to their respective monarchies.
It cannot be pretended that this stipulated application of the rights of neutrality to the contracting parties, limits the declaratory effect, which is equally applicable to all neutral nations. Principles and rights must be the same in all cases, and in relation to all nations; and it would not be less absurd than it would be dishonorable, to profess one set of principles or rights in the law of nations towards one nation, and another set towards another nation.
If there be any parts of the treaty, to which this declaratory character is regarded as not applicable, it cannot be pretended that they are the parts relating to the rights of neutrals to trade freely to the ports and on the coasts of nations at war; because, as already observed, the main object of the treaty was to settle the questions involved in the armed neutrality; of which this was a primary one, and is here placed by the structure of the article under the same precise stipulation, with the liability to confiscation, of enemy's property in neutral ships; a point above all others which Great Britain must have wished to congregate as the law of nations, by declaratory acts for that purpose.
It cannot be pretended that the new

rights here declared, do not extend to the colonial as well as coasting trade of belligerent nations, because the colonial trade is not only included in a "free trade to the ports and on the coasts" of such nations, but because it is expressly declared that the effects belonging to neutrals, and transported on their account from countries at war, cannot be excepted from the freedom of the neutral flag in any case, and consequently not in the case of colonies more than any other portion of such countries. It is not improper to remark that this declaratory stipulation is not only included in the same article, which recognized the principle that enemy's property is excepted from the freedom of the neutral flag, but is associated with that recognition in the same section of the article, and even in the same sentence.
If it were possible to controvert the construction here given to the treaty, a reference might be made to a very able speech delivered by Lord Grenville in the British House of Lords in November, 1801, in which this very construction is fully demonstrated. The demonstration is rendered the more striking by the embarrassed and feeble opposition made to it by the ingenuity of the very able speakers who entered the list against him.
Such is the accumulated and irresistible testimony borne by Great Britain, in her own treaties, against the doctrine asserted by her.
It will be in order now to resume the notice of treaties to which she was not a party, but which authorize some inferences and observations contributing still further, if possible, to invalidate her novel pretensions.
The review heretofore taken of this class of treaties was limited to such as preceded the armed neutrality. Those now to be added, are principally the treaties and conventions entered into in the years 1780 and 1800.
The treaties of 1780 declare the right of neutrals in the case under discussion, in the following terms: "That all vessels shall be permitted to navigate from port to port, and on the coasts of the belligerent powers." Those of 1800 are in terms too little varied to require recital.
It has never been questioned, that these definitions of the neutral right were as applicable to colonies as to any other of the territories belonging to a belligerent nation. All the British writers have so understood the text, and in that sense, have employed their pens against it.
It need scarcely be remarked that the treaties in question were framed with a view, not of making a new law of nations, but of declaring and asserting the law as it actually stood. The preamble to the convention of 1800, for the re-establishment of an armed neutrality between Russia and Sweden, explains the object in the terms following: "In order that the freedom of navigation and the security of merchandise of the neutral powers may be established, and the principles of the law of nations be fully ascertained, &c."
The preamble to the convention of 1780, states the principles avowed by the parties to be the principles derived from the primitive rights of nations.
The treaty of 1780 was originally concluded between Russia and Denmark. But it was acceded to by Sweden, Prussia, the United Provinces, Austria, Portugal and Naples; and in effect, by France and Spain. The principles of the treaty had the sanction also of the United States of America in their cruising ordinances. Thus it is seen that with the exception of Great Britain alone, all the powers of Europe materially interested in the maritime law of nations, have given a recent and repeated sanction to the right of neutrals to trade freely with every part of the countries at war. And although several of those nations have, on some of the points contained in these treaties, as on the points of contraband and enemy's property under neutral flags, entered into adverse stipulations; not one of them has by treaty or otherwise relinquished the particular right under consideration, whilst Great Britain, as we have seen in her treaty with Russia, has herself expressly acceded to the right.
(To be continued.)
LETTER
From ACHMET BASHAW to the President of the United States.
[Accompanying a message from the President of the United States of the 13th January, 1806.]
EXCELLENCY,
For nearly eleven years, I have been laboring under the weight of misfortune; but, notwithstanding which, my distress was never equal to that which the actual combination of circumstances has made it.
My residence was near Cairo, when there arrived in Alexandria, a brig, commanded by captain Hull, in company with gen. Eaton, who came recommended to Mr. Briggs, H. B. M. consul, and enquired of him where I could be found. My place of abode being made known, a courier was dispatched for Cairo, by order of the general, and on his arrival at Razid a second one, which came to Cairo, directed to the house of Tursuf Bashaw, an officer of the Ottoman Porte, who received a letter in which he was requested to suffer to me to pass without interruption, in order that I might co-operate with the Americans to take Tripoli. These things being communicated to me, caused me to reflect seriously, whether they could be true or not. All doubts were dissipated by general Eaton meeting in Cairo, my secretary, named Mahumed
Mezaluna, to whom he consigned another paper, and in company with two Maltese, arrived at Said, my place of residence, and delivered to me a dispatch, urging me to leave that place immediately, in order that we might have a meeting (as really happened) in the city of Damiatum, where the general was made known to me, as one who had been sent thither by your excellency for the conquest of the kingdom of Tripoli. I engaged to go with him to Syracuse, and also to keep myself secret, from which circumstance, I was necessarily compelled to abandon all I possessed, and thus lose my horses, camels, &c. Previous to my leaving Damiatum, general Eaton assured me the peace would never be made, unless I was placed in my own seat (throne) and often swore by himself that he would never take me from where I was for the sole purpose of making the conquest.
I did not, however, fail to suggest to the general, that in case Jussuf Bashaw should actually remain conqueror, what part he would take in my favor, as I should not be able to remain any longer in the Turkish dominions. I was answered, that the combinations of war should prove favorable to Jussuf Bashaw, that a pension would be granted me, sufficient to maintain my family and suite; the people and money demanded by me, to effect this object (for such a movement) were ready; and that I had better expedite my secretary to captain Hull, to inform him, that the general had conduct me from Upper Egypt to Syracuse, but that I could not trust myself at sea, in the manner he had. My envoy having executed his commission, arrived first in Syracuse, and afterwards in Malta, in consequence of the absence of captain Hull from the first (place) and whom he afterwards found in the second place (Malta) and executed his embassy. He was answered by the same (Hull) that every thing I could possibly want was ready, and in fact, there was sent me a vessel, laden with supplies and provisions, accompanied by the brig commanded by captain Hull, which arrived at Bomba, delivering to the general and myself a dispatch (to him directly) from the commodore, in which he renders Hull responsible for every thing I might want: I then asked for cannon, powder, and other warlike supplies, and was answered that a frigate was hourly expected, and that they would be sent to me. I afterwards left Bomba, in company with gen. Eaton, and we pursued our route towards Derne, arriving near it in 12 hours. Such a voyage made me extremely happy, as well as my people, while the manner in which we were treated by the general, excited universal admiration; his dignified soul (conduct) merits applause. We were scarcely on the 12th hour of our voyage, when we saw a schooner, which brought us 2 pieces of cannon, and nothing more. After an attack of 2 hours, in which all the troops applaud & admire the courage of gen. Eaton, Derne was taken (as the people of that country were much in our favor) and in which attack the general was wounded in the hand.
After the capture of the city, we received from the chiefs of the brigades, letters offering to join us. After 10 days a troop of cavalry and infantry (of the enemy) advanced; they were twice broken and put to flight by us. We now asked from the schooner, which had been sent us, people and arms, while there remained a respite and peace, and were waiting an answer, respecting our demand for people and arms, in order that we might go and take Bergaza and Tripoli; in the mean time arrived a frigate which we supposed had brought us people, but she landed a Turkish ambassador from Jussuf Bashaw, who informed the general of the alliance of Jussuf Bashaw with your excellency; saying that the said Bashaw would restore my family, and that your excellency would give me in the name of the U. S. a pension. The same evening of the arrival of the frigate, the general informed me, that I must embark with all my people; and thus was again compelled to abandon all I possessed—the general having prevented the Turkish ambassador from landing, and thus we parted for Syracuse, where we found the whole squadron.
I daily expected my family, when finally I was told that he (the Bashaw) would not let them go; having thus broken his word, I demanded of the general, to be replaced in my own country, which was also denied me, saying that he had no orders to that effect from your excellency, and it is thus I find myself in this country, with the small pension of two hundred dollars per month, and on which sum I am to support myself with a number of people. Such a state of things makes me feel that the weight of misfortune has only increased; and for the first time am completely abandoned, and by a great nation; I therefore fling myself on the mercy of your excellency, who under the influence of just laws, will not fail to render me that justice which oppression and misfortune entitle me to.
With the hope of an early reply from your excellency, I remain, &c. &c. &c. (Signed)
ACHMET BASHAW, SON OF ALI BASHAW, &c. &c. Syracuse, August 5th, 1805. His excellency the President of the United States of America.
D. PETER
NOTICES to such gentlemen as have heretofore made consignments to Mr. William Murdoch, London, or may in future be disposed to do so, that he is duly authorized to conduct his business at this place, and make such advances upon shipments as the prices in Europe will justify. George Town, Jan. 24—3t
SENATE UNITED STATES.
JAN. 22, 1806.
Mr. SMITH of Maryland, agreed to notice given yesterday, asked and obtained leave to bring in the following bill, which was read and ordered to a second reading.
A BILL for classing the MILITIA, & assigning to each class its particular duties.
BE IT ENACTED, by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America, in Congress assembled, That every free able bodied white male citizen of the United States, of the age of eighteen years, and under the age of forty-five, whose principal occupation is not on the high seas, or the tide waters within the United States, shall be of the militia for the land service of the United States. The persons so to constitute the land militia, shall be enrolled by their names and ages, in their proper districts, and in books kept for that purpose; such enrollment to be made without delay of those now within the description, and from time to time as to others who shall hereafter become so, always noting the date of the enrollment, and placing in a distinct page or part of the book, those of every different year of age, from forty-five down to eighteen.
The said militia shall be distributed into classes as follows, to wit:—The junior class shall be composed of those above twenty-one, and under twenty-six years of age; the middle class of those above twenty-six, and under 35 years of age; the senior class of those above thirty-five, and under forty-five years of age; and those above eighteen, and under twenty-one years of age shall compose the minor class.
The junior class shall be liable to perform all active services within the United States, or the countries next adjacent, by tours of duty, not to exceed one year in any two; and in order that the said services may be required of them equally, those of every battalion shall by its commanding officer be immediately divided by lot into ten parts, or portions, as nearly equal as may be; each portion to be distinguished by its particular number from one to ten, and to be called into duty in the order of their numbers, such call extending to so many numbers as the exigency may require, and every person so called on, may be assigned to the service of the artillery, infantry, cavalry, or of any other description, as the competent authority shall direct.
In consideration of the assiduous discipline required from the junior class, and of the services they shall have performed, or been liable to perform while in it, they shall never after passing into the middle class, be liable to actual service, but where the junior class for the time being is inadequate to the exigency; and then in their own or one of the adjoining states only, and by tours not exceeding three months in any year; for which purpose they shall be distributed into portions and numbers, and called on in routine, as is provided in the case of the junior class.
The senior and minor classes shall be liable to be called on, to do duty within their own state only, and by tours not exceeding three months in any year, and they shall be separately distributed into portions and numbers, and called on in routine as provided for the other classes.
Exemptions from militia duty, except in cases of religious scruple against bearing arms, shall only extend to the ordinary duties of mustering and disciplining, after having entered the middle or senior class, but all exemptions shall be enrolled in their classes and numbers, and when called on for actual military service, shall be bound as others are to perform their due tours.
If any person called on to do the actual duties of his class, shall refuse, or unnecessarily delay to enter on duty, he shall be arrested as a deserter either by the civil or military authority, shall be delivered to the proper military officer, and either punished as a deserter, or compelled to perform his tour of duty. But any person so called on, may commute his personal service, by tendering as a substitute, an able bodied white man, a citizen of the U. S. fit for the service in the judgement of the officer who is to command him, and willing to engage therein. And all persons while engaged in performing a tour of duty, shall have the pay and rations allowed in the army of the U. S. and be subject to the rules, regulations, and articles, provided for the government of the same.
SEC. 2. And be it further enacted, That all provisions in any law of the U. S. or of any particular state, or territory, inconsistent with those of this act, are hereby repealed; and all provisions in the laws of the U. S. or of any particular state or territory not inconsistent herewith, shall be understood to be left in force, and liable to alteration by their respective enacting authorities.
the Washington Building
Company having determined to suspend payment on their shares after FIFTY DOLLARS shall have been paid on each share.
Resolved, By the Building Committee That one certificate be issued by the Secretary in favor of each share upon which there shall have been paid the full sum of fifty dollars, together with all stock, fines, and monthly payments accruing thereon, which certificate shall specify that all dues and demands on the said share have been paid.
All persons concerned as aforesaid, are notified that unless they comply with the said payments on or before the first day of February 1806, they will at that time, forfeit their shares agreeable to the articles of the company.
JOHN DOUGLAS, Chairman pro tem. Dec. 2—W.F.R.
WASHINGTON CITY.
FRIDAY, JANUARY 31.
The awakened spirit of the nation will hail with satisfaction the resolutions laid by Mr. Gregg, on the table of the House of Representatives on Wednesday. There are those who regret, and we rank ourselves of the number, that the unjust conduct of Britain has not received from the representatives of the nation an earlier notice. As soon as that injustice appeared to be deliberate and systematic, we considered it as requiring a firm and vigorous resistance. Entertaining no doubt of the adequacy of our resources to command redress, or to punish injustice, we should have rejoiced, if Congress had refused an attention to all minor concerns until they had unequivocally manifested their determination to repel the aggressions of this power.
But another course has been pursued. And now, although we cannot but deprecate the delay which has taken place, we are ready to acknowledge that it has been attended with some peculiar benefits. It has served to convince every one that our councils, exempt from a spirit of precipitation or passion, have been solicitous to shew by their patience and forbearance, an ardent desire for a good understanding with foreign nations. It has likewise given an opportunity to our fellow-citizens in every part of the union to make themselves acquainted with the important subject presented to their consideration, and to express their sentiments on it, together with the course proper, in their opinion, to be pursued. It has further enabled the representatives of the people to become better acquainted with the subject than they might otherwise have been; and no doubt can be entertained but that they have by this time reflected calmly and dispassionately on the best course to be pursued without being exposed to that aberration which sometimes springs from the vehement collision of conflicting opinions.
In every aspect, in which the subject can be viewed, it is now ripe for legislative discussion. And never, perhaps, has the legislative discussion of a great national question presented itself under more favorable auspices.
The people are indignant at the wrongs committed upon them; and there is but one sentiment as to the necessity of taking some firm and vigorous steps. While, however, the undissenting voice of the nation demands some measures of vigor, reposing confidently in the discernment, the fidelity and the spirit of the government, there has been no premature or embarrassing dictation of measures. The field of legislation is large and unoccupied. Those who are to bear the responsibility are left free to adopt the measures which shall be deemed by them the most expedient. And let them rest assured, that whatever diversity of sentiment may exist on this point, there is not a good citizen, who will not, when the legislature shall have prescribed the course to be pursued, not merely acquiesce in it, but who will not with a vigor suited to trying occasions, give it that energetic support that shall insure it a complete success.
With justice on our side, with the bold consciousness it inspires, and with an undiminished love of peace, we may, perhaps, be compelled by the folly of others, to develop the energies of a republican government. Should this prove the case, we shall be woefully mistaken, if it is not made to appear, that the power of a free people is not only competent to the maintenance of their own rights, but that it may likewise be made terrible to those who invade them.
Even the proposed measure, pacific as it is, and short of the length to which circumstances may eventually drive us, will, if carried into effect, strike dismay throughout the empire of Britain. Her embarrassed trade and ruined manufactures, should she persist in her ill-starred policy, will present a more eloquent remonstrance than she has been accustomed to hear. It may be, and we sincerely hope it will be, that the foresight of these evils will induce her to abandon the unjust principles and practices which have produced this solemn crisis.
In connexion with this topic, we offer to our readers the following account by Cobbett, in his Political Register of the 26th October, of the dispute between the United States and Great Britain. The subject is so important, that the fullest information should be given upon it; nor is it uninteresting to be apprised of the feelings and impressions of the adverse party.
DISPUTE WITH AMERICA.
AS this dispute is of considerable importance in itself, and as it is likely to give rise to much public discussion, it will be proper to state, at the outset, the nature of the case, in a manner somewhat more full and correct, than it has yet been stated in the public prints. The first information of the existence of the dispute was communicated to the public through the Morning Chronicle of the 10th instant; and, as it is pretty evident, that the article alluded to came from the pen of some one who wished to put the people of this country upon the American side of the dispute, the insertion of the article here, previous to my statement of the case, will, I hope, be regarded as a proof of that fairness, which, it is my wish, should be apparent in every part of that share, however trifling it may be, that I shall venture to take in the discussion.
"It appears (from the American papers) that an account of the decisions which have recently taken place in
our courts of admiralty, had been received in America, and had given rise to the most serious complaints against this country. The papers are full of the matter, and they threaten retaliatory measures in a way which demands, on our part, a little reasonable reflection on our conduct. The Americans complain of all the European powers in different ways, and perhaps with reason. It is material that our readers should know the precise nature of their complaint against us, and we shall endeavor to state it in few words. So long ago as the year 1799, an American ship called the Essex, Captain Orne, took in a cargo of wine at Barbary for Salem. It was landed at Salem, and paid the custom-house duties there; it was then re-shipped on board the same vessel, and the ship sailed for the Havana. In her voyage she was taken by an English cruiser, and carried into a West India island, where, after a long discussion, she was declared a lawful prize, as Spanish property. An appeal was made to England, and the case came on to be argued here about eight months ago, when the counsel for the captors set up an argument, for the first time, founded on an old and almost obsolete practice, that the touching at Salem, and landing of cargo there, was a mere subterfuge, that the original intention was to carry the cargo to the Havana, and that, in fact, the voyage from Salem to the Havana was a continuation of the original voyage. The lords of appeal said this was a most important consideration, and required time to deliberate on it. After an interval of three months they decided upon this argument, that it was a lawful capture. As soon as this decision became known in our navy, the cruisers seized and brought in a number of vessels under the same circumstances, and several decisions have been made. The first was the case of an American vessel, which took in a cargo of sugar at Guadaloupe, carried it to New-York, there landed the sugars, paid the port duties, &c. & forth with reshipped them, and sailed for Antwerp. In the voyage the ship was taken, and on a trial before Sir William Scott, he solemnly decided, on the new argument, (which, however, he said, was founded on an old doctrine) that it was a continuation of the original voyage, and the ship was condemned. Many others followed. It was a God-send to our men of war and privateers, for the Americans conceived themselves perfectly safe in pursuing this course, as it had been acted upon without question through the whole of the last war. Several instances have occurred indeed, where the ships brought in upon this pretext have been released. Whenever the captured party could exhibit satisfactory proof that the cargo was originally intended for the American market, that it was advertised for sale, exposed in an open store, offered at a price, &c. and that it was evidently reshipped only because the owner could not find a purchaser; then it has been held that the capture was not legal. But the course of the trade was the other way; and though it was a doctrine good only until it came to be known, yet the depredations upon America, to which it has given rise, is enormous. And this complaint is that the practice having gone on, without interruption or question, during the whole of the last war, and until this decision on the case of the Essex, they ought, in fairness, to have had notice of our return to the old obsolete practice; and that all the condemnations made without such notice, are unjust, violent, and hostile. These are the facts as we understand them. We trust we have stated the case fairly. A strong memorial has been presented by the American Minister to Lord Hawkesbury on the occasion; and his answer, as transmitted a few days ago, was, that it was a case of such importance as to demand time for serious investigation. We trust it will receive serious investigation, and also a candid, speedy, and fair answer. We have had too much of hasty violence and tardy atonement. Our maritime strength does not so much depend on our power of seizure as on the freedom of our commerce. And we ought not, either in justice or in policy, to drive America to measures of reprisal. If she should lay an embargo on all exports to our West India islands for only six months, what would be our and their condition? And even without that act of vengeance, a non-importation agreement of British manufactures for one year, would be a loss to this country of seven millions sterling. The observations, with which this article closes, will demand some little notice by-and-by. At present it is necessary only to say, that they appear to betray the origin of the statement; and, if it should be found that I am correct, it will certainly be evident, that this statement is not so. (Conclusion of remarks in our next.)
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES.
WEDNESDAY, JAN. 20.
Mr. JACKSON called for a consideration of the Unfinished business of yesterday, viz. the motion of Mr. Smith to discharge the committee of Ways and Means from the further consideration of so much of the President's message as relates to the invasion of neutral rights by some of the belligerent powers.
On taking up this business the House divided—Ayes 57—Carried.
The motion having been submitted from the chair—Mr. Dawson opposed it. He said the wish of the gentleman from Pennsylvania to bring this subject under the view of the com-

mittee of the whole on the state of the union might at any time be gratified by going into that committee and moving any resolution he might see fit, as the message generally was referred to the committee of the whole on the state of the union. He believed, however, that the floor of the House was not the proper place to make declarations of what is the law of nations. He believed that a volume of such declarations would be of no avail; it was the duty to act and not to declare on such subjects; and whenever the gentleman from Pennsylvania or any other gentleman would bring forward measures calculated to prevent an infraction of our neutral rights, they should receive his support. At present he must be against adopting the resolution.
Mr. SMILIE said he did not expect any opposition to the motion he had made. If the committee of Ways and Means should be discharged from the business, it would consequently come before the committee of the whole on the state of the union without any motion, as the message was generally before that committee.
In reply to the remark that this motion would be treating the committee of Ways and Means with disrespect, Mr. Smilie said, he thought the ground on which he had placed the business would have removed every idea of the kind. He did not say the committee of Ways and Means were not as competent to the business as any other selector or standing committee; but he had declared from the beginning that in his opinion, in point of principle, the reference ought to have been made to the committee of the whole. This is the ninth week of the session, and gentlemen charge us with having done nothing. Do not gentlemen see, from the deranged state of the committee of Ways and Means, that this course has become absolutely necessary? Shall a business, of the first importance that can occur during the session, be neglected on this account? Not only the eyes of all America, but likewise of all Europe are looking with anxiety on the steps which we shall take in this business. For all the maritime powers of Europe are interested in this great question relative to neutral rights. Are we, then, in consequence of the deranged situation of a select committee, to remain with our hands tied up? For myself I do think, that the interests of our country call upon us to take immediate steps. I repeat it, that on a similar occasion with this, a similar course was pursued. Gentlemen will remember, that in the third Congress, when we before suffered from the misconduct of Great Britain, certain resolutions which became the subject of discussion originated in a committee of the whole House. What, indeed, are we to expect from the committee of Ways and Means? Are they in possession of the general sense of the House on this subject, as a guide in making their report? This is not the case, as we have had no discussion of the subject; and until it shall be brought under a view of a committee of the whole House, it is impossible to tell in what the opinions of members will centre.
Mr. JACKSON, I have but a single observation to make in addition to those which have fallen from the gentleman from Pennsylvania. So far as relates to myself, it is not my object to discuss in committee of the whole, the abstract question of the law of nations, but of nations, but to adopt measures for the effectual resistance and punishment of the infraction of those laws, as far as we can. If, according to the course pointed out by my colleague, any resolution should be submitted on this subject in committee of the whole, it will be objected that the subject is before a standing committee, and it will be said to be disrespectful to act on it until they shall have reported. If my colleague, therefore, be of opinion, that we should adopt any efficient and prompt measures, the better and speedier way will be for him to join in the motion. I hope that motion will prevail. In the name of Heaven, if we are not disposed to do any thing, let us tell the people so.
Mr. CROWNINSHIELD. From the beginning I was opposed to referring this subject to the Committee of Ways and Means. I saw no reason for its going to a standing committee. Without meaning to cast any censure on the Committee of Ways and Means, I am in favor of the motion. We have been in session seven or eight weeks—the reference was made as early as the 6th of Dec. and we have yet no report. The question is perhaps as interesting as one as has been presented since the establishment of our national government. What is our situation? Our ships are plundered in every sea, our seamen are impressed, 3,000 of them are in the service of one nation. We are a neutral nation, and it is not proper that any belligerent nation should employ them in this manner. Like the gentleman from Virginia, I am ready to act—I want no report to guide my decision. I am prepared—not for war measures, but for a non-intercourse act with Great Britain. I am willing to suspend all intercourse with Great Britain until she shall give back the ships she has stolen from us, and the seamen she forcibly detains. I shall not be more ready to take this step after a report from the Committee of Ways and Means than I am now. The simple question is, whether we shall abandon trade altogether, or resist the unjust aggressions made upon it. But it was not my object in rising, to go any length into the subject; I only rose to express my opinion in favor of the course pointed out by the motion. The Committee of Ways and Means is deranged, disorganized; two members are absent, and the Chairman unfortunately is sick—We have no expecta-
tion of a report; it may not come till the end of the session.
Mr. GREGG. I rise to express a similar opinion with the gentleman just set down. I am in favor of the motion for the reasons which he has assigned, and for another reason; for the sake of consistency. Though the subject be referred to the Committee of Ways and Means, it is likewise referred to the committee of the whole on the state of the union. The memorials from the merchants of New-York and Philadelphia have taken this latter course. This brings the subject before a committee of the whole. We are under the same obligation to take up the business of our constituents as the message; and as the business is of the greatest importance I hope the whole subject will be referred to a committee of the whole.
Mr. BRIDWELL. The gentleman from Pennsylvania has anticipated me in an idea which I meant to have expressed. As the principal document on this subject is the message of the President, I think it proper that that should be placed with the same committee charged with the memorials of merchants from different towns. Another reason may be mentioned in favor of this course of procedure. At the commencement of the session there was a strong reason for referring the subject to a special committee. It was a principal object at that time to enquire into the extent and degree of the injuries received from belligerent nations; as since that time we have received full information on these points from the executive department, that reason is done away, and there is no necessity for any investigation by a select committee.
The motion to discharge the Committee of Ways and Means was then agreed to—Ayes 63.
On motion of Mr. SMILIE, the select committee to whom was referred so much of the message of the President of the U. S. of the 17th inst. as relates to the impressment of our seamen, was discharged from its further consideration, and the subject referred to a committee of the whole on the state of the union without a division.
On motion of Mr. THOMAS, the Committee of Ways and Means were discharged from the consideration of so much of the message of the President as relates to depredations committed on our colonial trade, and the subject referred to a committee of the whole on the state of the union without a division.
NON IMPORTATION WITH G. BRITAIN.
Mr. GREGG said, that he considered the insults offered to our government, and the injuries done to our citizens by some of the belligerent nations, to be of such a nature, as to demand the interposition of government to obtain redress. It appeared from the memorials and remonstrances of the merchants of New-York, Philadelphia, and other of our seaport towns, now on our table, as well as from executive communications, that vessels the bona fide property of citizens of the U. S. have been seized by their cruisers, and they and their cargoes condemned, contrary to our rights as a neutral nation, and to what has long been considered as the law of nations on this subject. Great numbers of our fellow citizens have been impressed, and notwithstanding our repeated remonstrances, they are cruelly retained in bondage, and compelled to act in a service, perhaps very abhorrent from their feelings, far from their country and their friends. To these insults and injuries, said Mr. G. we can no longer submit, unless we are willing to surrender that independence which has been, and I trust always will be our pride and our boast. So great are these injuries and aggressions, and so unremittingly are they persevered in, that I do not know but they might be considered as a sufficient cause, on which to ground a declaration of war. That however is not my object. I deprecate war, and will not agree to resort to it, until other means which we have in our power are tried in vain. We do, I think, possess means, which if properly used, cannot fail of accomplishing the object. To these I hope we will now resort, and for the purpose of bringing them into view, I will submit a resolution to the consideration of the House, reserving any farther observations on the subject, until the resolution shall be taken up in committee of the whole on the state of the union, to which I intend moving its reference.
Mr. GREGG then offered the following resolution:
Whereas Great Britain impresses citizens of the United States, and compels them to serve on board her ships of war, and also seizes and condemns vessels belonging to citizens of the United States, and their cargoes being the bona fide property of American citizens, not contraband of war, and not proceeding to places besieged or blockaded, under the pretext of their being engaged in time of war in a trade with her enemies which was not allowed in time of peace:
And whereas the government of the United States has repeatedly remonstrated to the British government against these injuries, and demanded satisfaction therefor, but without effect,
Therefore, Resolved, That until equitable and satisfactory arrangements on these points shall be made between the two governments, it is expedient that from and after the day of—no goods, wares, or merchandise, of the growth, product, or manufacture of G. Britain, or of any of the colonies or dependencies thereof ought to be imported into the United States. Provided, however, that whenever arrangements deemed satisfactory by the President of the U. S. shall take place, it shall be lawful for him by proclamation to fix a day on which the prohibition aforesaid shall cease.
The House having agreed to consider this resolution.
Mr. THOMAS said he had seconded the motion of the gentleman from Pennsylvania and should give it his decided support. It would however have suited him better, had it gone still further, and interdicted all commercial intercourse with that nation, until she should cease to commit depredations on our commerce, to impress our citizens on the high seas into her service, and abandon the new principles which she had lately interpolated in the maritime code, and which he considered as unjust as they were unauthorized by the acknowledged law of nations.
But as unanimity in the legislature of the nation was desirable at all times, and particularly so on great national questions, he was disposed, in order to produce that result on the present occasion, to yield a part of his own opinion to meet the views of other gentlemen.
The present was an important question, and he hoped the honorable mover would consent that it should lie a day or two for consideration, and moved that it be printed.
Mr. GREGG said his wish was to refer the resolution to a committee of the whole on the state of the union, and made a motion to that effect which was agreed to without a division, and the resolution ordered to be printed.
On motion of Mr. THOMPSON the House again resolved itself into a committee of the whole—Mr. J. C. SMITH in the chair—On the report of a select committee in favor of authorising the erection of a bridge over the Potomac.
Messrs. THOMPSON, CLARK and ELMER advocated; and Messrs. EARLY, SLOAN and FINLEY opposed the report; when the committee rose, without coming to a decision, and obtained leave to sit again.
A message was received from the President of the United States, enclosing a memorial from the merchants of Baltimore, on the depredations committed on the commerce of the U. S. which was referred to a committee of the whole on the state of the union.
The speaker laid before the House a letter from the treasurer of the United States, rendering a general statement of the civil accounts, as well as those of the navy and war departments from October 1, 1804, to October 1, 1805.
THURSDAY, JAN. 30.
Mr. J. RANDOLPH said it would be recollected that, very early in the session, so much of the message of the President of the U. S. as relates to the invasion of neutral rights by belligerent powers, had been referred to the committee of Ways and Means. It would also be recollected that another message on the same subject, or one connected with it, had been referred to the same committee of Ways and Means. Understanding, said Mr. R. (for my indisposition has not permitted me for some days past to attend to the duties of my seat) that a motion has prevailed to discharge the committee of Ways and Means from the consideration of that subject. Inasmuch as this discharge may have been effected under an impression that the committee have been delinquent in executing the duty devolved upon them, I feel it my duty, before I surrender the papers connected with this subject, to give some account of the proceedings of the committee. On the 11th of Dec. the committee instructed their chairman to write a letter to the secretary of state, which I will read. Mr. R. here read the letter as follows:
COMMITTEE ROOM, Dec. 11, 1806.
Sir, The Committee of Ways and Means have instructed me to request you will cause to be laid before them such information, on the subject of the inclosed resolution, as the department of state can furnish.
The peculiar objects of our research are—
1. What new principles, or constructions, of the law of nations have been adopted by the belligerent powers of Europe, to the prejudice of neutral rights? 2. The governments asserting those principles and constructions? 3. The extent to which the commerce of the U. S. has been thereby injured?
I am, with very great respect, Sir,
Yours, JOHN RANDOLPH.
The Secretary of State.
On Saturday night the 25th instant, the Committee of Ways & Means received an answer to this letter, which I will deliver to the clerk, in order that it may go to the new committee, to which this business has been referred. It is unnecessary for me to add any thing more. The House must be sensible that while the Committee of Ways and Means were in the dark they could not proceed in the discharge of the duties assigned them, and that after receiving information from the secretary of state so late in the day, it was impossible for them to have made a report by this day; and if I am not mistaken, the motion to discharge the Committee of Ways and Means was made before the answer of the secretary of state was received.
The Clerk accordingly read the letter of the Secretary of State, as follows:
ANSWER.
The Secretary of State presents his respects to Mr. Randolph, and has the honor to transmit him a copy of a report this day made to the President of the United States, respecting interpolations by foreign powers, of new and injurious principles, in the law of nations. This report, with the communications made by the President to Congress, particularly that of the 17th inst. will, it is hoped, afford the information requested, for the Committee of Ways and Means.
Means, by Mr. Randolph's letter of the 11th inst.
Department of State, Jan. 25, 1806.
When on motion of Mr. J. Randolph, the papers laid by him on the table, were referred to a committee of the whole on the state of the union.
The Speaker laid before the House the following letter from the secretary of the navy addressed to the House:
Sir, In obedience to the resolution of the House of Representatives of the 27th inst. directing the Secretary of the Navy "to lay before the House a report on the condition of the frigates, and other public armed vessels, belonging to the U. S. distinguishing the frigates fit for actual service; distinguishing such as require repair, and the sum necessary for repairing each; and distinguishing also such as it may be the interest of the U. S. to dispose of rather than repair." I have the honor to state,
That the frigate Constitution is now in a state of thorough repair, and in all respects prepare for service.
That the frigate Chesapeake has lately been repaired and is fit for service.
That the frigates Adams, Essex, and John Adams are also fit for service.
That the brigs Siren, Hornet, Argus, and Vixen, the sloops Nautilus and Enterprise, the bombs Spitfire and Vengeance, and all the gun boats are fit for service.
That the frigates President, United States, Congress, Constellation, New-York and Essex, require to be repaired; but it is utterly impossible, to form an accurate estimate of the "sum necessary for repairing each."
I know of no vessel belonging to the navy, which I consider it would be "the interest of the U. S. to dispose of, rather than repair."
On the motion of Mr. J. Randolph, the 1st and 3d sections of the bill to repeal so much of an act as authorises the evidences of the public debt to be received in payment for public lands, and for other purposes, was referred to a committee of the whole House.
The discussion which ensued on the details of this bill occupied nearly the whole of the residue of the day, of which we shall hereafter take a more particular notice.
The committee having reported the bill, with sundry amendments, it was ordered to a third reading tomorrow.
Mr. STANFORD reported a bill for altering the time for holding the circuit court for the district of North Carolina, which was referred to a committee of the whole tomorrow.
Mr. CROWNINSHIELD presented an energetic and comprehensive memorial from the merchants of Salem, Mass. representing the embarrassed situation of trade; their deep anxiety at the impressment of American seamen; the severe injuries received from the recent principles assumed by Great Britain, and pledging their lives and property in support of such measures as may be taken by the government to defend and protect their rights.
Referred to a committee of the whole on the state of the union.
JAMES FORREST, Esq. is appointed by the legislature of Maryland, Register of Wills for St. Mary's county in the place of Edmund Key, Esq. appointed a judge for the district composed of St. Mary's, Charles and Prince George's counties.
Great Failure. —Captain Meek, lately arrived at Marblehead from Bilboa, reports that the great French banker, REGAMIER, had failed for an hundred millions of livres.
Capt. Poulson, who arrived here this day from Teneriffe via St. Thomas, furnishes us some further particulars respecting the Rochefort squadron, which he derived partly from the American captains, whose ships had been destroyed, and partly from his own observation.
This fleet put to sea in expectation of meeting the combined fleet from Cadiz; for this purpose they cruized some time in a certain latitude, during which they destroyed the neutral vessels. After some time they endeavored to gain the port of Vigo, but the wind heading they made for Teneriffe, where they arrived, consisting of one 3 decker, 4 74's, 3 frigates, 2 brigs, the Calcutta, and 6 merchant ships prizes.
They sailed on the 17th November, with the Calcutta, which they had commissioned. From the small quantity of provisions and water which they procured at Teneriffe, and from the circumstance of taking the captain and crews of the neutral vessels with them, capt. P. concludes they will attempt to enter some port of Spain.
A ship had arrived at St. Thomas, one of the Cork convoy, the captain of which states, that the convoy was met, as stated in the account via Nassau, &c all except 2 or 3 were destroyed by this squadron after leaving Teneriffe.
Norfolk Ledger.
The undersigned begs that those gentlemen who took charge of subscription papers with a view to encourage the publication of his new work, entitled "Plain Discourses on the Chemical Laws of Matter" by procuring subscribers, would be pleased to return them, or inform him of the number of subscribers they have obtained, by private conveyance or by mail, immediately. He hopes that this request will be briefly attended to, as he cannot proceed with the publication of his performance until the number of subscribers is accurately ascertained.
THOMAS EWELL. George Town, Columbia, 31st January, 1806.
The editors of the southern papers are respectfully requested to give the above an insertion in their papers.
The whole flock of the Washington Flock. not being subsided by others before the 27th December last, the remainder was on that day, subsided by the lot owner and placed on lives supposed to be well selected. This flock is now in my hands, for sale at 50 DOLLARS per share, the purchaser taking choice of the lives selected. The price will be raised from time to time, as the increasing value of the flock will justify. Apply at the Tontine Coff. e. JOSEPH FORREST. Jan. 31-32
FOR SALE.
ALL that tract of land which I purchased from Mrs. Mary Jenkins and on which I now reside lying in St. Mary's county on the Chesapeake bay three miles from St. Inigoes creek containing 700 acres more or less. The advantages of this land are numerous, 400 acres are in wood abounding in oak, hickory and poplar. The bay shore affords an inexhaustible source of excellent manure in the form of weed or sea weed as it is commonly called which is at all seasons thrown up in great quantities and is of easy access, being immediately along side of the fields. No place can be better adapted than this for flock of all kinds. The soil is a yield abundance of acorns, and it abounds in grounds well calculated for meadows that produce great quantities of grass. The improvements of this place are likewise considerable, here is on it a good brick dwelling house, every necessary out house, a small water mill, and two tenements now under rent, besides a necessary fencing in good repair. Moreover there are many convenient forges of good water that do not fail in the driest seasons—its situation renders it almost superfluous to mention that it lies convenient to the Baltimore, Norfolk and Alexandria markets. This valuable tract of land will sell for one 4th cash and the remainder in one two and three years. WILFRED M. NUNING. Great Mill, Jan. 31-32 wtf
WASHINGTON ACADEMY.
ON MONDAY, the 20th inst. the Schools under the direction of Mr. WHITE, appointed a PRINCIPAL TEACHER, will be opened at the House, on the Pennsylvania Avenue, west of the President's House and near Major Swann's.
For the admission of Pay Pupils application is to be made to Mr. White; and for the admission of those, whose parents or guardians are unable to pay for them, and for whose education provision has been made by the Council, application is to be made to
SAMUEL H. SMITH, } Superintendent NICHOLAS KING, } THOMAS MONROE, } Committee.
Arrangements were made by the Trustees for opening the schools in the Eastern, on the same day with those in the Western section of the city; but owing to unexpected occurrences they are obliged to defer opening the former schools for a period, which it is hoped will not exceed a few days. Washington, Jan. 17.
By order of the Orphan's Court of Prince George's county, will be sold at public sale, on Tuesday 11th of next month (at Mr. Edith Jones's near Broad Creek) part of the personal property of Joseph Gill, deceased; consisting of one negro man, some valuable mitch cows and one horse. The above property will be sold on a credit of six months, with interest from the day of sale, the purchaser or purchasers giving bond with approved security—sale to commence at 12 o'clock, if fair, if not the next fair day. MARY GILL, Administratrix. January 15-3w
BOLTING CLOTHS.
RECEIVED a general assortment of warranted Bolting Cloths of Oliver Evans of Philadelphia and have constantly for sale at my store in Bridge Street, George Town Columbia. WM. MORGAN. 1st month 1, 1806-22w5w
This is to give Notice,
THAT the subscriber of Prince George's county in Maryland, both obtained from the Orphan's court of Washington county, in the district of Columbia, letters of administration on the personal estate of George Beall, late of Washington county, deceased; all persons having claims against the said deceased, are hereby warned to exhibit the same, with the vouchers thereof, to the subscribers, or before the seventeenth day of July next, they may otherwise by law be excluded from all benefit of the said estate.
Given under my hand, this 17th day of January, 1806. WALTER T. GREENFIELD, Adm'r. January 17-w4t
Advertisement.
THIS is to give notice that the subscriber has obtained from the Orphan's court of Washington county in the district of Columbia, Letters Testamentary on the personal estate of Stanley Byss, late of Washington county aforesaid deceased; all persons having claims against the said deceased, are hereby warned to exhibit the same, with the vouchers thereof to the subscriber, at or before the 11th day of June 1806, they may otherwise by law be excluded from all benefit of the said estate. All persons indebted to the said estate are required to make immediate payment to T. H. GILLISS, Executor. Washington City, Dec. 11-w3m
NOTICE.
ENOCH SPALDING is appointed Collector of fines for the 1st Legion of the District of Columbia. By order, WM. D. BEALL, Clk. January 13-3w

FOR SALE At the Office of the NATIONAL INTELLIGENCER AND AT RAPINE'S BOOK STORE. PRICE ONE DOLLAR. An Examination OF THE BRITISH DOCTRINE, WHICH SUBJECTS TO CAPTURE A NEUTRAL TRADE, NOT OPEN IN TIME OF PEACE. January 17.
CITY OF WASHINGTON, Sept. 9, 1805. Several persons under the impression that the public lots in this city are to be disposed of in future by public sales only , having made enquiries when the next sale will probably take place, we are requested to state that those lots may at any time be purchased at private sale of the Superintendent of the City. Sept. 9—tf
On a liberal credit. The subscriber will dispose of at private sale, his estate called Chichester, lying on the Eastern Branch, immediately opposite the city of Washington. This tract of land containing 697 acres is laid off in lots from 33 to 144 acres for the convenience of purchasers. Plats of the estate and the terms of sale are in the hands of colonel Manion at the city yard, and Charles Wayman of George Town. The lots will be shown by Mr. Wedden, living on the premises, near the Eastern Branch bridge. ANTHONY ADDISON. Barnaby, 14th June 1805—tf
FALL & WINTER GOODS JOHN COX HAS this day received a large addition to his former supply of FALL and WINTER GOODS, which makes his assortment very complete. Most of his goods were bought on such terms as to enable him to offer them by piece or retail lower than the regular importers can afford to sell at. George town, Oct. 18—NI&UGept
NOTICE is hereby given that the partnership of Joseph Cassin & Co. will be dissolved on the 3d of February next by mutual consent. Those persons having claims against the firm are requested to bring forward their accounts for settlement, and those indebted will please make immediate payment to Joseph Cassin, who is authorised to settle the accounts of said firm. JOSEPH CASSIN, JOSEPH COSTIGAN. January 20—6t
STEELE'S HOTEL & CITY TAVERN.
The Subscriber takes this method of thanking his friends and the public for their favors whilst on the Capitol Square and begs leave to acquaint them that he has taken the Spacious Hotel lately erected by Mr. Carroll, near the Capitol. The hotel being above one hundred feet in front, and containing fifty rooms enables the subscriber to offer every accommodation to members of Congress and travellers which can be expected in a public house. PONTIUS D. STEELE. Washington City, March 25—tf N. B.—P. D. S. will rent the house lately occupied by him on the adjoining square.
Twenty Dollars Reward. AARON, a mulatto man about 43 years old, left the city of Washington early in October, and was seen on the road leading from Alexandria to Leesburg in company with a black woman, who I am informed is the property of some person in the vicinity of this place. He is about 5 feet 10 inches high, has a fair hair, very bald, in one of his eyes a brown (I think it is the left) near his nose, there is an indented scar occasioned by a frolic he received, which fractured the bone in that place, and whenever he has it in his power never fails to drink to excess. It is probable that he has gone to Jefferson or Berkeley county in Virginia, where he formerly resided, and from thence will endeavor to go to Kentucky. The above reward will be paid to any person who will have him committed to jail, and give information thereof to the subscriber in George town, district of Columbia. EDWARD GANTT. Nov. 11—tf
WANTED, A WOMAN that understands plain cooking and house work; likewise a GIRL of about 14 years of age to take care of children—none need apply but those who can bring unexceptionable recommendations. Enquire at the house from the well end of the Six Buildings and at this office. Nov. 27—tf
District of Columbia, county of Washington, ss. ON the petition of Charles Tompkins an insolvent debtor, confined in the prison of Washington county for debt, notice is hereby given to the creditors of the said Charles Tompkins that on Monday the 3rd day of Feb next at 9 o'clock A. M. at the capital in the court room, the oath prescribed by the act of Congress, entitled, "An act for the relief of insolvent debtors within the district of Columbia" will be administered to the said Charles Tompkins and a trustee appointed unless sufficient cause then and there shown to the contrary. It is ordered that this notice be published in the National Intelligencer twice and in the Washington Federalist once before that day. By order of the hon. Wm. Cranch, eq. assistant judge of the circuit court of the district of Columbia. WM. BRENT, Clk. January 27—2t
A BARGAIN. THE subscriber offers for sale the farm he now occupies, containing near 300 acres with or without the flock thereon. It is distant from the cities of Georgetown and Washington, about five miles, and well known as a healthy situation. There is much fine fruit thereon, and abounds with springs, affording as good water as in the United States, a considerable proportion of the land has been in clover, and from thirty to forty acres fit for the scythe the ensuing summer. It is now in a very improving state, being altogether clear of broom ledge, and from 40 to 50 acres ploughed and prepared for a spring crop, and from 30 to 40 acres well set with wheat and rye—some part of the land is calculated for tobacco; and plaster of paris answers well with it all. The dwelling house and other improvements may with small repairs, be rendered very comfortable. From its vicinity to two growing cities many advantages result in supplying the markets. A purchaser may calculate on a good bargain, particularly if an early application be made. Some part of the purchase money will be required in cash or approved negotiable paper: the remainder rendered easy—or negroes received in payment. The subscriber or William Stearly residing on the farm will show it when required, and the terms made known by application to Mr. John Thompson, George Town, or Dr. Wm. Thornton, Washington. Isaac Pollock. Jan. 29—epf
Fruit Hill, Some Lands calculated for the culture of cotton, Indian corn and small grain, situated on a navigable river in the healthiest part of the state of Georgia, will also be sold on reasonable terms or exchanged for negroes. I. P. Jan. 29—epf
NEW INVENTIONS. JUST Published, and for sale by the Author, corner of Market and Ninth streets, Also by Jas. Cruikshank, John Conrad and Co. and P. Byrne, booksellers, Philadelphia, a new scientific work on the principle and power of steam, entitled, The Abortion of the Young Steam Engineer's Guide; (Price, for the first year, neatly bound and lettered, One Dollar and a quarter In Boards One Dollar.)
CONTAINS, An investigation of the principles, construction and powers of different Steam Engines. I. A drawing and description of a steam engine on new principles, and of a new construction, already in useful operation. It is much more powerful, more simple, and less expensive, requiring much less fuel, than engines on the old construction; and is applicable to every purpose for which power may be wanted from that of a man to one hundred horses. II. Drawings and descriptions of four other patented inventions of useful machines, viz. 1. For breaking and grinding plaster and other hard substances. 2. For packing flour. 3. For cutting straw. 4. For removing earth to make turnpike roads, levelling land, &c. III. A description of a machine and its principles, for cooling water and making ice, in large or small quantities, to supply cities or private families, in hot countries. By OLIVER EVANS, Of Philadelphia, author of the Millwright and Millers Guide.
The author conceives that he has laid down a new and true theory, and developed principles of nature that may lead to highly important discoveries and improvements: to the saving of many thousand dollars to those who use steam engines, to great improvements in distillation; to the navigation of the Mississippi, etc. against the current. The author constructs steam engines, on his new principles, suitable for any purpose for which they may be wanted. Dec. 27.
FOR SALE. IN the county of Albemarle Virginia, 971 1/2 acres of land lying on both sides of Hardawar river, generally adapted to small grain corn and tobacco with a great abundance of meadow land. About four hundred acres are cleared most of which are low grounds; and it is perhaps capable of the highest improvement of any land in this part of the world by having an inexhaustible source of rich mud or soil that has been accumulating for ages. The situation is fine, healthy, convenient to two tobacco warehouses, the court house and several merchant mills and in a very respectable neighborhood. Hardawar river is capable of being made navigable into James river from several miles above this tract for which there is an act of assembly. There is on the land a large two story dwelling house, almost new and other convenient houses—at about half a mile from which there is also an old dwelling house, kitchen and store house that may be made with some repairs capable of accommodating a genteel family. There is also on the premises between 90 and 100 oak bricks well burnt which will be disposed of on reasonable terms. The payments required will be one third cash and the remainder at two equal annual instalments. Any person wishing to purchase or view the said land will apply to the subscriber living on the premises. HARLB. WINGFIELD. January 1—6w
LUMBER Wanted Immediately.
PROPOSALS sealed up, post paid & addressed to Robert Underwood, of this city, will be received until the fourth Monday in the present month, stating precisely the lowest terms on which the proposer is willing to contract for supplying the following described lumber, to be delivered at the Tiber creek, in this city, and which is designed for improving the navigation of said creek, so as to admit vessels of One Hundred Tons and upwards to pass up at least 3000 feet from its junction with the Potomac, viz 4 or 500 Red Cedar or White Oak posts from 15 to 18 feet long, capable of squaring 7 inches at the but end, and to designate the price of each kind of timber. Four hundred White Oak Poles, 20 feet long, to square 3 1/2 or 4 inches at the top end. Thirty thousand feet of 2 inch pitch pine plank, from 10 to 12 feet long. Washington city, Dec. 16—tf
CONFORMABLY to an order issued from the hon. court of Calvert County at September term last, the subscribers will offer at Public Auction on Tuesday the 4th day of February next, if fair, if not the first fair day thereafter, at the late residence of Nathan Smith deceased, at the hour of 12 o'clock.
A valuable Tract of Land containing Four Hundred and Fourteen acres, and Fourteen Perches.—This truly fertile spot may justly be ranked as first rate land, the soil being extremely rich, capable of producing wheat, hemp, flax, clover, timothy, Indian corn and fine tobacco; the greater part of this beautiful place lies extremely level, and we should do injustice to it, did we neglect to say that few places are equal and none can excel it; the improvements are convenient and in tolerable repair, and as it is presumably those who are inclined to purchase will view the premises previous to the day of sale, it renders a full detail of the improvements unnecessary. This place lies within four miles of Nottingham and about six from Pig Point, has a sufficiency of timber and wood to support it, a tolerable apple orchard, with other fruit trees. The terms of sale are, that bond and approved security will be required, on the day of sale, payable in two equal payments, the first in twelve, and the second in eighteen months, with yearly interest on the purchase money unpaid, the sale to be subject to the ratification and confirmation of the court, and upon the whole purchase money and interest being paid (and not before) the purchaser or purchasers will receive an indisputable title to the premises so bargained and sold. Possession will be given on the day of sale. This land will be sold altogether or in lots as may appear most conducive to the interest of the representatives. Joseph Blake, Charles Williamson, Richard Ireland, Jun. } Com'rs. Nov. 27—2m
CHARLES H. VARDEN, MERCHANT TAYLOR, NEW JERSEY AVENUE, NEAR THE CAPITOL.
Respectfully informs the gentlemen of the District of Columbia that in addition to his former stock he has received by late arrivals at Philadelphia from London a choice assortment of superfine cloths, single and double milled cassimeres, Bennetts patent cord, woolveteen and waistcoating, fancy and black silk moleteens, all of superior quality and newest fashion, plain and stripe black velvets, constitution cord, knap coatings, flushing flannels, &c. &c. with a variety of other articles in his line, and he pledges himself, to those gentlemen who shall favor him with their orders to complete them in the newest style of fashion. N B Ladies habito, regimentals, navy uniforms, made in the most fashionable manner. Washington, Dec. 18—tf
Twenty Dollars Reward, WILL be given for apprehending negro FAME a very low and tolerable lusty woman about 38 years of age, but from appearance older, very black and much marked with the small pox which occasioned a small defect in one of her eyes, has lost one of her foreteeth, she is very artful and cunning, having procured a false pass, and passes by the name of Charity Shorter; she was formerly the property of John Chittens of this county, and was run away for near eight years, was apprehended and sold to me in 1803 and was hired by me to a certain Thomas King of Prince George's county, from whom she absconded in Oct. 1804 and has been lurking, I do suppose near where she was hired or gone to Calvert county where I have understood her husband has gone. The above reward will be given to any person who will lodge her in jail so that I get her again, or deliver her to Mr. Samuel Speake city of Washington, or to the subscriber living in Charles county Maryland, near Port Tobacco. P. S. I forewarn any person from harboring or employing said woman, at their peril. MASSY SIMMS. Nov. 27—tf
NOTICE, THE Commissioners appointed by virtue of a commission of Bankruptcy issued and awarded on the 10th April 1802 against Washington Bowie, will meet at the Union Tavern on Saturday the 18th day of February next at 10 o'clock A. M. for the purpose of receiving proofs of such claims against the estate of the said Bowie as have not yet been exhibited and proven. They will then also declare a dividend of the assets in hand, from the benefit of which such creditors as shall not then have proved their claims will be excluded. The dividend will be paid on application to the subscriber. WALTER SMITH, surviving assignee of Washington Bowie. George Town, January 1—tf
Prince George County. Pursuant to a decree from the court of chancery, I shall offer for SALE, at PUBLIC AUCTION, in the town of Piscataway, on Monday, the 3d of February next, ALL the real estate, not heretofore sold, of Thomas Clagett, eq. late of Prince George's county, deceased, to wit: That handsome well improved lot, in the town of Piscataway; 350 acres of rich fertile land part of several different tracts, commodiously adjoining each other, on Piscataway branch, near the tobacco warehouse, and on the navigation of Potomac river, well wooded, and a great proportion of rich meadow; it will be sold in one body, or in lots, as may best suit those who wish to purchase. The terms of sale are, that the purchaser or purchasers of the whole, or of any part, shall give bond, with approved security, to the trustee for the payment of the purchase money, with the interest thereon from the day of sale, in four equal annual instalments. On the chancellor's ratifying the sale, and on the payment of the purchase money and interest, and not before, a good deed to be given by the trustee to the purchaser or purchasers, and his, her or their heirs for the land to him, her, or them sold, free, clear, and discharged from all claims of the heirs of the said Thomas Clagett. THOMAS DUCKETT, Trustee. Dec. 23—cp
Fresh Garden Seeds, &c.
THEOPHILUS HOLT respectfully informs his friends and the public that he has received from London per ship Mars to Baltimore, and for sale, a very extensive assortment of fresh Garden Seeds, garden tools, grass seeds, bird seed. Split peas and flour of mustard by the pound. He also has for sale a variety of bulbous flower roots, fruit trees, flowering shrubs, Lombardy poplars, &c. &c. The customary allowance made to Gardeners and those who purchase to sell again. Washington City, Dec. 13—2awtf P. S. An assortment of the garden seeds are for sale at Dr. Ott's George Town.
Thirty Dollars Reward, FOR apprehending and securing in jail negro J. COB. who is a low well made fellow, about 25 years of age, complexion rather black, the act deep, has a pleasant countenance, is stout made about the shoulders and breast with small legs, has a lisp in his speech and cannot make a quick reply, when spoken to without flustering his eyes or being in motion, which is very observable, his clothing was blue negro cotton jacket and overalls, osnaburg shirt, and wool hat, though they are subject to change, he was late the property of Richard H. Beall of Fauquier county, Virginia, and eloped about the 6th of Nov.ember last. The constables and others of the city of Washington, George Town, Alexandria, Baltimore, Philadelphia and Norfolk are requested to look out for the said runaway slave, as he above reward will be immediately paid them on the terms specified by JOHN KEDDLE. City of Washington, Dec. 16—2awtf
Twenty Dollars Reward. WILL be given for apprehending and securing in jail a young Mulatto man slave named ANDREW. He was hired by me last year to Mr. Joseph Thomas who keeps the mid ferry to Alexandria, and absconded from that place about the latter end of August last. He is about 23 years of age, 5 feet 8 or 9 inches high, lusty and well made, has short curly hair, and is frequently subject to have several large pimples on his face. He is reckoned to be a sensible fellow of an easy agreeable address for a man in his low sphere of life. As he has not been heard of by me since his elopement, I suspect he has had the address to ship himself as a freeman on board some vessel either at Alexandria or Baltimore. Whoever takes him up and secures him in jail shall receive from me the above reward, as soon as due information thereof is given to me or to Dr. N. P. Cassin at Port Tobacco. G. B. CAUSIN. Maryland Charles County, January 29—tf
Iron Works and Mills FOR SALE.
THE Subscribers will sell by private bargain those valuable iron works, mills and mill seats, situate at or near the mouth of Antiochum creek in Washington county, Md. within less than half a mile of Potomac river, together with all the lands, in Md. thereunto belonging, supposed to be between 7000 and 8000 acres, a sufficient quantity of which, for the use of the works, is rich grass land. Also, all the negroes, (several of whom are skillful foremen) stock, and other property, personal or mixed, appertaining to the said estate. Also, all the property in Virginia belonging to the same, consisting of a small tract of land on the river nearly opposite to the iron works of Denton, accques, which is known to contain iron ore in abundance—a part of the Keep Trythe Ore bank lately recovered, which is distant from the furnace at the Antiochum works about four miles. Several lots in Shepherd's town, improved and unimproved; with the rights of the company, (which though now only conditional will be made complete) to the ferry across Potomac below Antiochum, and the farm to which the same is annexed, containing between 150 and 200 acres of very good land— together with all rights and privileges to other ores, landing places, and conveniences held and claimed by the late firm of Richard Henderson, and Co. making in the whole one of the most valuable estates in America for carrying on iron works of every kind, and for the manufacturing of flour on an extensive scale by a mill, lately built and now in complete order for that purpose, from which the Potomac canals give water carriage to the towns below, the land carriage to George Town being not more than 60 miles, and for an advantageous sale of iron, the very populous country and towns near the works afford a ready market. Possession may be had on the 1st of January next, or at any reasonable time thereafter. For further description of the property, and of quality and quantity of lands with title papers, any person disposed to purchase is referred to Mr. John Ritchie at the works, and for terms of sale to James M. Logan, near George Town, and Wm. Stuart of the house of Stuart and Beall in that place. Dumfries, Vir. 2d Nov. 1805. ALEX. HENDERSON, } Executors J. M. LOGAN, } of Richard JOHN HENDERSON, } Henderson. WM. STUART. Jan. 29—epot
TO BE SOLD OR RENTED, A WHARF,
ON the Eastern Branch, with a two story brick Warehouse and frame Countinghouse thereon, formerly occupied by R. & G. Barry as a lumber yard, an eligible situation for any person wishing to follow that business. Possession may be had on the first March next.— Also a new Three story brick Dwelling House in New Jersey Avenue, completely finished and in excellent repair. Possession may be had on the 1st May next. The terms will be made known and the premises shown to any person applying to the subscriber at the Twenty Buildings. GARRET BARRY. January 29—wim
STOP THE THIEF.
WAS Stolen out of my stable on Thursday night the 9th inst and conveyed the same night by the villain about 12 or 1 o'clock, a B & V MARK, 4 years old next spring, about 14 or 14 1/2 hands high, with a trip on the end of her nose, shod before, rub'd with the waggon grease, and think one hind foot white. I will give Five dollars for the mare if taken 10 miles from home, or for information so that I may get her again, 10 dollars if 20 miles from home, or 20 for the mare and thief if convicted, (so as to be brought to condign punishment, and all reasonable charges taken at a greater distance. JOHN BALL, Sen. Alexandria county, Dist. Col. January 20—w3t
Valuable Lands for Sale.
THE subscriber offers for sale the following valuable property, viz. Four FARMS on the fourth fork of Broad run, near the Cunn Spring, in Loudoun county, about 30 miles from the town of Alexandria and a city of Washington, consisting of about 300 acres. A part of 15 tracts of land in the western parts of Virginia and in the state of Kentucky, viz. eight tracts in Monongahela county, containing 8513 acres, Four tracts in Wood county, containing 4323 acres, three of which adjoin the river Ohio. Two tracts in the county of Kanawha, on the bank of the river Ohio, containing 4300 acres, and one tract in Kentucky, upon the river Ohio, six miles below the mouth of Salt river, containing 4000 acres. Upon these lands are several valuable mill seats, and the titles will be unexceptionable to the purchaser. As I am desirous of selling this property, living very remote from a part of it, I will give a great bargain to the purchaser, and receive in payment, part cash, negroes, horses, cattle, pork, wheat, or merchandise. Application must be made to me, living near the mouth of Little Kanawha river, in Wood county, or to Messrs Israel Lacy, Charles Lewis, Joseph Lewis, junior, and Benjamin James, in London county, who live near the property upon Broad run, and will make known the terms. I must once more request all those who may have any claims or pretended claims against me, to exhibit them properly authenticated to Mr. Benjamin James, before the first day of March next otherwise I shall not consider myself bound to notice them afterwards, and those who may be indebted to me are requested to make payment to Mr. James at the time, as I cannot give any longer indulgence. JOHN SPENCER. January 6—1m2wtf
20 DOLLARS REWARD.
RANAWAY from the subscriber, living in Frederick county, Virginia, near Front Royal, on the 24th inst. a likely mulatto man named BILL WOOD, about 20 years of age, and about 5 feet 6 or 8 inches. The boy was formerly the property of John T. Mason, city of George Town; had on when he went away a blue suitout, a sailor jacket made of white plains, which he has since dyed black or purple, also a pair of mist kersey pantaloons, a pair of white yarn home made stockings, a home made pair of shoes, a pair of spurs, and I think he has a red colored waistcoat, besides a great many other clothes which I cannot describe—I am informed he has stolen a boy horse or mare, which he was seen with at Rappahannan near Leesburg. It is highly probable that he is making towards Annapolis, where he has a mother living, he has also a father living by the name of John Wood. Whoever will apprehend said fellow and secure him in any jail so that I get him again, shall receive the above reward. GEORGE BAYLY. January 3—w4t
ELIAS B. CALDWELL, ATTORNEY AT LAW,
HAS removed his Office, to the house lately occupied by Mr. Law, on Capitol Hill. Washington, July 26—tf
BOARDING & LODGING.
THREE or FOUR gentlemen may be accommodated with Boarding and Lodging, on moderate terms, by applying at Mrs. Sweeney's in F street nearly opposite the Office of Discount and Deposit. January 3—2awtf
IRON WORKS ON POTOMAC.
The Subscriber has for Sale or Rent, a good seat for a Furnace upon the North Branch of Potomac in Hampshire county, with plenty of ore already investigated at considerable expense and found to be good, a coal and sufficient stream with upwards of 30 feet fall, and the wood of more than 9000 acres of well timbered land; enough of which is arable to form a complete establishment. Connected with this may also be rented the forge built by Mr. John Potts at the Great Falls of Potomac, now the property of the subscriber. It is conceived that these two seats are particularly worthy of the notice of iron Masters of capital; as they are fully adequate to the supply of iron, in its various forms, to an extensive country, having great demand for that article, both above and below the Blue Ridge. The Hampshire property is free from every encumbrance, and the payment of a very few thousand dollars due to the proprietor of the fee simple at the Great Falls (my lease of which is for upwards of 900 years at a low rent) for rents in arrears prior to my purchase, will render this property clear; and afford a complete establishment for all the various manufactures of iron, as well as for mills, with a convenient farm, &c. &c. I have seats equally eligible (if not superior) for furnaces and forges, upon the river Shenandoah in this county, with ore, wood, and water, all convenient and abundant; which may be rented for a long term of years, with rich farming land attached thereto. FERDINANDO FAIRFAX. Charles town, Jefferson Co. Virg. November 16—wtf