The national intelligencer and Washington advertiser. (Washington City [D.C.]), 1802-11-26 00:00:00

NATIONAL INTELLIGENCER, AND WASHINGTON ADVERTISER.
Vol. III.
WASHINGTON CITY, PRINTED BY SAMUEL HARRISON SMITH, PENNSYLVANIA AVENUE.
No. CCCXIX.
FIVE DOLLS. PER ANN.
FRIDAY, NOVEMBER 26th, 1802.
PAID IN ADVANCE.
National Intelligencer.
A very interesting invention has lately been made by Mr. Greathead of England, of a LIFE BOAT, the object of which is to save the lives of persons wrecked on coasts.
A plan and description of this boat, with other papers, have been received by Mr. JEFFERSON, from Mr. William Tatham, of London, who has accompanied them by a letter from which the following is an extract.
"By enclosing to you authentic documents concerning the late inestimable discovery of the Life Boat, which has been introduced into full practice, in saving the crews of vessels wrecked amidst the most tremendous breakers of this coast, I acquit myself of a duty to my fellow-citizens and to my country. I flatter myself this contrivance will be found of great use on the Jersey coast, such places as the Hatteras Shoals, &c. and I can have no doubt of its general utility in venturing out upon the lakes, where a fixed point of land, resisting every wind that agitates a circumscribed surface of water, must necessarily raise the waves to a most awful surge."
Convinced that this invention will be of eminent use here, as it already has been in England, and that the humanity and public spirit of our citizens will seize an occasion so congenial to their feelings, we shall first present a description of the boat, and afterwards an abridgement of the report of a committee of the British house of commons, to whom was referred a petition of Mr. Greathead; in consequence of the favourable complexion of which, we understand, an allowance of fifteen hundred pounds sterling has been made him from the public treasury.
Mr. Greathead, having been desired by the committee to explain what had suggested to him the particular construction of the Life Boat, stated that the following idea had frequently occurred to him, from which he had conceived the principle of his invention, viz. Take a spheroid, and divide it into quarters, each quarter is elliptical, and nearly resembles the half of a wooden bowl, having a curvature with projecting ends; this, thrown into the sea or broken water, cannot be upset, or lie with the bottom upwards.
CONSTRUCTION.
"The boat to be built from a given length. The breadth is one third of the length, with both ends alike. The keel of the boat is a plank bearing a proportional breadth in the midships, narrowing towards the ends to the thickness of the bottom of the stems, and forming a convex downwards. The stems are the segment of a circle with a considerable rake. The bottom section to the floor-heads is a curve with the sweep of the keel. The floor has a small rise from the keel to the floor-head, curving. A bilge plank is worked on each side, next the floor-head, with a double rabbit groove, of a thickness nearly similar to the keel, on the outside of which are fixed two bilge-trees, corresponding nearly on a level with the keel. The ends of the bottom section form the part of the cable bow, more elliptical to the top, projecting considerably, each end the same. The sides, from the floor-heads to the top of the gunwale, flanch on each side in proportion to nearly half the breadth. The breadth of the boat is continued well towards the ends, leaving a sufficient length of straight side at the top. The shear is regular along the straight side, and more elevated towards the ends. The gunwale is fixed on the outside. The outside is cased with cork the whole length of the regular shear from the under part of the gunwale to twenty-three inches down the depth of the side. The cork has several thicknesses, so as to project at top a little without the gunwale, and is secured with plates of copper. The thwarts are five in number, all flanching, and row, double banked, with ten oars. The oars are short, fixed by iron thole pins, and slung with grummets to enable the rowers to pull either way. The boat is steered by an oar, at either end; and the steering oar is one third longer than the rowing oar. The platform, in the bottom, is placed horizontally. The length of the midships, and the sides, from the bottom to the under part of the thwarts, is cased with cork. At the ends, the platforms are more elevated, for the convenience of the steersman, and to give him a greater command of power with the oars."
PRACTICAL REMARKS.
"The curving keel and bottom permit the boat to be turned with facility; she is kept more easily in equilibrium than
any other shape; is more easily steered, and safer among the breakers: the great rake of the stems, and fine entrance below, forming part of the cable bow. This construction is superior to all others in a high sea and broken water; and, with the projection to the top of the gunwale, is the means, when the boat is conducted to head the sea, of dividing the waves which generally break into a common boat. The breadth, being continued well to the ends, supports the boat when rowing against the waves. And, both ends being similar, she is always in a position to be rowed either way without turning. The addition of the flanchings, under the thwarts, admit the boatmen to act with a firmer force; and, in the instance of the boat's striking the ground, the weight of the men, by the communication of the flanchings, will, in some degree, resist the shock. The advantage of a short oar, in a high sea, is obvious. It is more manageable, and permits the rower to keep his seat; but the long oar in the midst of agitated waves would be unwieldy, and the stroke frequently uncertain. The cork, on the outside, is a most excellent defence; and displaces a large column of water. And it has been proved, by experience, to float the boat with the principal part of her bottom above the water. The great projection of the cork, also, on the outside prevents her being overturned. The best method of conducting the boat is to head the sea; which, from her construction, aided by the force of the oars, will launch her over the water with rapidity, without taking in any water."
"The person who steers the boat should be well acquainted with the course of the tides, in order to take every possible advantage; and great care should be taken, in approaching the wreck, that the boat be not damaged, as there is frequently a strong reflux of the sea near the wreck; when the wind blows to the land, the boat will return to the shore, before the wind and sea, without any other effort than steering."
(Signed)
"HENRY GREATHEAD."
Report of the Committee.
The committee directed their enquiries to
"First; The utility of the Life-Boat; "Secondly; the originality of the invention claimed by Mr. Greathead; "Thirdly; Whether he had received any, and what remuneration."
To ascertain these facts, the committee examined "Ralph Hillary, a seaman, who stated, that he has been 45 years at sea, in the Greenland and coal trade, and has resided always at Shields. And being asked, Whether he had seen the Life Boat? he informed your committee, that about three years ago he was in the Northumberland Life-Boat (which was presented to North Shields by the duke of Northumberland) the first time she went off; she went to the relief of the shipwrecked on the Herd Sands, about a mile and a half from shore; she was brought to an anchor before the Life Boat got to her, and she continued striking the ground so heavily, that she would not have held together ten minutes longer, had they not got to her; they made her cut her cable, and then took seven men out of her, and brought them on shore. The sea at that time was monstrosely high, 'tis high, that no other boat whatever could have lived in it."
(To be Continued.)
The Washington Jockey CLUB RACES.
ON the last Tuesday in November, a purse of 50 GUINEAS will be run for over the Washington course, the four mile heats; the 2d day a purse of 30 GUINEAS will be run for, the three mile heats, and the third day, a purse of 20 GUINEAS the two mile heats; agreeable to the rules of the Washington Jockey club. The subscribers are requested to pay their subscriptions to Mr. M'Laughlin, and the members of the club are also requested to meet at his Tavern the evening preceding the first days race, on business relating to the club.
It is expected that all four wheel carriages (the Proprietors of which not being members of the Jockey Club, or subscribers to the 3d days Race) will pay at the gate to the person appointed to receive the same—one dollar, for admission on the ground, two wheel carriages half a dollar, and Horsemen one quarter of a dollar. The practice of paying to races on rented ground, wherever a Jockey Club is established is now common.
Nov. 24
epson.
From his Excellency JOHN FRANCIS MERCER, Governor of Maryland, To the GENERAL ASSEMBLY.
COUNCIL CHAMBER, ANNAPOLIS, November 10, 1802.
Gentlemen,
EXECUTIVE communications to the representative body are frequently indispensable, and although functioned by long usage, yet as they are not expressly directed by our constitution, their form has been various with us. The following observations are therefore offered in a mode that has been preferred, as involving no responsibility but my own, and as most consonant to the spirit of that clause of the constitution which commits to the governor alone "the exercise of all other executive powers of government, where the concurrence of the council is not required, according to the laws."
Your honorable body will receive herewith the census of the United States, lately completed.—This instrument discloses an augmentation of our national population in the last ten years, of more than 1,200,000 persons, on an original number of somewhat less than 4 millions. So rapid an advance to power and opulence, during a period of great and almost general calamity to the civilized world, furnishes a flattering and decisive proof of the value of our political institutions; but the result, as it respects this state individually, has disappointed the expectations that were raised, by the great and acknowledged increase of our commercial importance, during the same period; this census, even as corrected, gives us only an addition of 29,966 persons on our former number of 319,728, inclusive of the territory of Columbia, north of Potomac. The causes which have retarded our relative progress offer an interesting object of inquiry to the legislature.—There is indeed one important view arising from the document, on which I have deemed it my duty to submit the observations contained in the enclosure No. 1. intended only for the private perusal of the members; this object will be found so intimately connected with the military preparations of the state, as to render the following information necessary, and may excuse the latitude of observation with which it is accompanied.
Happily, public opinion coincides with the principles of our constitution, resting our defence on a national militia, and no doubt ought to be entertained that proper regulations may render it competent to the purpose; but if these be neglected, and the community cannot rely on its efficacy, the first imminent danger may lead them to provide some other and more dangerous resource; for they will never consider their country, their constitution or their property their own, unless they can perceive some adequate means of defending them. A state can merit little praise, whatever may be its constitution or its laws, if it neglects its military defence, for upon these, all other political institutions must ultimately depend for their support.
Notwithstanding every exertion made by former executives, there has been no return yet made in the militia of Maryland, since its organization in 1793; after reviewing these various and inefficacious efforts, the executive council addressed a letter to each colonel, or commanding officer of a corps, in June last, inclosing blank returns, which they were requested to complete and forward. Only six officers had complied on the first of this month.
The books of the council shew that the militia has been arranged into 3 grand divisions, 2 on the western and 1 on the eastern shore, under 3 major-generals; they compose 12 brigades, commanded by 12 brigadier generals, and 50 regiments, divided into 100 battalions, exclusive of 4 extra battalions. Commissions have also issued to 25 troops of cavalry and 5 companies of artillery.
The officers of all these corps are still nearly complete; but we have no document to ascertain the number of men enrolled. Was a judgment to be formed from the average numbers of the six returns received, the militia of Maryland might be estimated at 30,000 commissioned, non-commissioned officers and privates.
The existing disorganization of this body cannot wholly be attributed to the neglect of the state government; the militia being subject to the joint direction of congress and the states, the state laws on this subject must essentially depend on the outlines prescribed by the general government. The present combined system has been perhaps too generally and too hastily condemned, as in-
capable of producing an efficient militia; and as such, in a great measure abandoned, by the public functionaries; for we have information that cannot be discredited, that the northern states, under these very laws of congress, aided by their own regulations, have long possessed a powerful and organized militia, consisting of proportionate corps of artillery, cavalry and infantry; in general uniformed, well provided with small arms, and furnished with formidable trains of field artillery. The causes of this difference between them and the southern states, particularly Maryland (perhaps the most defective of them all in military preparations) merit investigation.
One cause is the want of a due execution of the laws; for a law unexecuted, is, in effect, no law at all; another, and perhaps the original cause, is that the fundamental law of congress is better adapted to the local and moral circumstances of the northern, than of the southern states; from this source probably originated a first failure in the execution, which generally augments in an arithmetical progression, until the law itself becomes a dead letter. The places occupied by our slaves are filled in the northern states by free persons; their militia are therefore much more compactly situated, and a company or even a battalion, may assemble for exercise without trouble. Their duty from this source, becomes a recreation instead of an inconvenience. In this respect they resemble the militia of our towns, where we established excellent corps, even under the present laws. There is yet perhaps a moral difference of considerable influence. The desire of pre-eminence, natural to man, is easily gratified in a country where the conditions of master and slave are unknown, by appointments to public office; these constitute almost the only distinction that their state of society will admit of; but where those domestic relations have widely spread the distinction of rich and poor, those of office are almost lost in that of wealth. Many opulent masters are too apt to despise the limited authority of equal laws; they refuse to sacrifice either their pride or their ease to the means of obtaining the suffrages of their fellow-citizens, and then they affect to disregard command, if committed to those whom they consider as occupying inferior stations in private life; such persons generally prefer paying moderate fines to personal attendance at musters, and the poorer citizens, disgruntled by a burthen apparently unequal, are frequently disposed to follow their example, and become equally inobedient. Such general principles derived from the nature of man, although strongly counteracted by the wisdom of our constitution, and the general patriotism of our citizens, have still their silent operation; and the evils resulting would perhaps be best remedied by raising militia fines so high as to render them an object even to the wealthy; no injury can well arise from this measure, as both rich and poor might avoid them, by complying with their duty, or offering a reasonable excuse; should this be done, it might also be proper to authorise the executive to mitigate or release them, in like manner as other fines; a provision operating in the nature of an appeal, could not fail to be salutary; as all judiciary proceedings, particularly those of courts martial, require some revision to protect the citizens from the abuse of power. But whether fines be raised or not, still it may be found necessary to alter the present arrangement for their collection and appropriation; shameful abuses certainly exist with regard to both, and these would probably be more easily detected, and more effectually remedied by rendering the sheriffs accountable for them to the levy courts; under their direction, they would soon form a sufficient county fund for the supply of colours, military music, and whatever uniforms would be found necessary to complete the select militia.
It is to be apprehended that obstacles arising from natural and moral causes will continue to obstruct the establishment of an efficient militia, in this state on any other principle than that of a select militia, a system which the present laws of congress fully authorise, and which has been already partially adopted by the state. By encouraging the principle of voluntary enrolment, and resorting to draughts only to supply the ultimate deficiencies; by permitting the companies to recommend their own officers as high as the grade of captain, and by granting certain indulgencies and preferences to the privates, some of which will be suggested; it is probable that the present select companies, which are now apportioned by law only one to a regiment, may be speedily increased to one for each battalion; they
would then constitute 104 companies, which, if complete, would amount to 7000 infantry, exclusive of officers. The present troops of horse should be filled or the officers discontinued, and their number, if completed to 30, might be organized into three regiments of cavalry, 2 for the western and 1 for the eastern shore; the 5 companies of artillery being also augmented by 5 more, might form a regiment, and these united corps being placed under an appropriate number of general, staff and field officers, and properly armed and disciplined, would form a body of troops sufficiently powerful to meet any emergency to which the state would probably be exposed.
But to carry this plan into effect, it is indispensable that the state furnish muskets, bayonets, cartridge boxes and belts, for the infantry; swords and pistols for the cavalry; field pieces and carriages for the artillery. To teach men the use of arms, without arms, is almost as hopeless an attempt as to teach the blind the use and distinction of colors. The state possesses at present arms and accoutrements sufficient to equip a body of infantry proposed, and possibly, by an arrangement with the government of United States an unsatisfied claim for military supplies furnished during the western insurrection, might produce swords and pistols for the cavalry. Where soldiers have served seven years in the select militia, they might be discharged, with an honorary certificate of their services, if merited; if then enrolled in the reserve of the militia, they might rank as cadets, and be entitled as such to promotion; they might be exempted from all future draughts and tours of actual duty except when the reserve might be called into service en masse; all persons also serving in the select militia, who should be deemed unable to provide uniforms, in the opinion of the levy court, might be furnished from the produce of militia fines, or such other funds as should be appropriated by law.
A defect in the present militia law, providing for the arming of the select companies, merits the attention of the legislature, as it has rendered the provision almost ineffectual; it is the clause which requires the officers to pay their own bonds for the arms to be distributed to their companies; the officers have been unwilling to subject themselves to this risk, nor is the propriety readily perceived of rendering an officer responsible for the solvency of a private soldier, to whom he must deliver a load of arms, whatever may be his opinion of his circumstances or principles; perhaps all that could be reasonably required of the officers, would be to take an obligation from each soldier, for the safe keeping and due return of the arms, and in the event of his discharge or quitting the corps, to use due diligence in recovering the arms or their value, or in default to become liable himself.
Without arms in their hands, men cannot possibly be disciplined, and although patriotism may call them to the field when roused by impending danger, yet some motive, acting with more uniformity, is necessary to induce them to acquire and preserve the habits of military discipline, without which they may be sacrificed, and their country not saved. Many appeal to the history of our revolution to prove discipline unnecessary; but those who waded through it will recollect the enthusiasm which embodied and disciplined our active citizens, near twelve months before the sword was drawn; and they can never forget the cruel loss of invaluable lives, and the gloomy train of misfortunes that pursued us until dear-bought experience taught us the principles of modern warfare. At the commencement of the revolution we were subordinate colonists, armed by despair; but in possession of independence, and such ample resources, we should be criminal towards our fellow-citizens, to politerly and to mankind, were we to risk our interests, our rights, our existence as a people, and the principles of representative government, which has here made its last stand, on the precarious dependence of sudden and unprepared exertions. A military spirit should at all times be encouraged; for of all virtues, military virtue is the most valuable to a country. Abstracted philosophers may lament that mankind continue to idolize those as heroes who have been the butchers of the human race; yet it is because they cannot separate the use from the abuse of those qualities, without which our country, and all that it contains, falls prostrate before the sword of the conqueror.
A military spirit among the militia should be fostered by government, and in aid of patriotism, which acts only occasionally, the natural pride of man and

his fondness of distinction should be re- flected to the most permanent basis of military discipline; for this purpose, re- views should be held as frequently, and with as much state, as circumstances will permit. It may be also essential to re- store salaries to those brigade majors or rather adjutants, who may be appointed to the select militia; and it is believed that no other organ of military discipline can be well substituted in place of the adjutant-general, the officer already des- ignated by law as the most active agent of the system; if he does his duty he will merit his pay, but he cannot per- fectly perform his duty unless he resides near the commander in chief.
The governor of the state, from the establishment of our constitution, has ever been considered, and has uniformly acted, as commander in chief of its military force. By the law of 1793, among many other duties assigned to the command- er in chief, he is particularly directed to review the militia. Some doubt has been suggested, whether the governor can, or how far he may issue orders to the militia, when embodied only for the purpose of military parade, or whether he may command in person in his mili- tary capacity at reviews, consistently with the provisions of our constitution and laws. However decided a governor may be in his own judgment, yet, if he is doubtful that doubts of this nature exist with others, it must necessarily confine his exertions to those exigencies that im- mediately involve the public safety; to give him confidence to act with energy and effect in promoting the ordinary dis- cipline of the militia, it may perhaps be proper to render his powers so explicit as to exclude cavil. A governor might ac- tually review the select corps, and in- spect the state of their equipments, one year on the Western, and the next on the Eastern shore; and this measure, if properly executed, would probably tend more to excite and preserve a military spirit among them, than any other that could be devised. If such an arrange- ment should be made, it will be neces- sary to designate by law the number and rank of his aids, and also to revise the present laws respecting courts martial, to enable the commander in chief to call of- ficers to account who should be found deficient in their duty.
The enclosure (No. II.) exhibits the most correct statement that can be now procured of the arms, accoutrements and military stores, belonging to this state; the small arms yet undistributed may be considered as fit for service, as provision has been made to repair those that were not in order. The arms, accoutrements, &c. at Frederick town, have been re- moved into rooms prepared in the bar- racks, by which means the state saves the expense heretofore paid for an improper deposit; the allowance being already made for reparation, in future the ex- pense may be limited to the moderate salary of an armorer already appointed; measures authorized and directed by the act of November session, 1785. Should it be the determination of the legislature to place the arms we possess in the hands of the select militia, it would probably be gradually effected, and a redundant supply, to be deposited in the different arsenals, might in time be provided for the body of reserve. Frederick town, se- cure against foreign invasion, would no doubt continue the principal depot, but as it is too remote to be used against an internal enemy, it would be prudent to keep 1500 or 2000 stands of arms at the seat of government, under the immediate disposition of the executive.
Of the field artillery, the two brass six pounders at Annapolis have been repaired; a four pounder, heretofore totally neglected, has been mounted, and the three pieces are now completely fitted for field service; a shed has also been built, (on terms accommodated to the public,) near the state house, where the pieces, and their entire equipments, are kept in preservation and readiness, which has been also done under the authority of the law of 1785; and an excellent artillery company of militia has also been raised and instructed in the use of these guns, by the direction of the present executive. The two brass four pounders in Balti- more, are attached to captain Stodder's company. A single regiment of artil- lery, consisting of ten companies, com- manded by a captain and two lieutenants each, would require twenty brass six pounders, and five 6 1-2 inch howitzers, in addition to what we possess. It is not to be expected that the state would pro- vide immediately for what may be ulti- mately necessary, but a small sum annu- ally appropriated, would gradually and probably in due time effect these impor- tant objects without any sensible inconve- nience.
It would certainly be prudent, even in our present circumstances, to keep con- stantly in a state of preparation a small quantity of fixed ammunition; it would seem necessary that at least twenty-four rounds should be delivered out with every stand of arms, which the public author- ity may judge proper to place in the hands of the militia, and at least an equal quantity should be reserved in the arse- nals. A like provision should be made for the field artillery. These things re- quired little more than the attention and trouble of providing them; indispensable as they are, their expense is trifling; they are hardly objects of legislative direction;
they would be more properly left to the discretion of the commander in chief, whenever his authority and duties are correctly defined and understood. The powder belonging to the state is now ex- tremely old, and unfit for any real ser- vice; it will require remanufacturing. The other military stores, camp equipage, &c. are in good order, and of their kind abundantly sufficient for any probable purposes of the government.
Many of the objects presented to the legislature are necessarily connected with the pecuniary resources of the state, a full detail of which, as exhibited by the treasurer, has been already forwarded to your honorable body by the governor and council. On this statement it should be understood, that to the sum of £17,498 13 3 1 2 (the balance remaining unap- propriated on the 31st October) may be added the farther sums of £21,093 15, received for interest due on city loans, and the principal sum of 50,000 dollars, that became due on the 1st November, also £2,515 11 1, received from the eastern shore, constituting an aggregate amount of £41,138 19 9 1 2 cash, now in the treasury, after providing for all demands on the state up to the first of November.
The ordinary annual income of the state should be estimated thus:
Interest and reim- bursement on pub- lic stock and state loans, £23,845 17 0 Annual taxes on law proceedings, fines, forfeitures, &c. 15,000 0 0 Interest on debts due solvent debtors. 2,150 0 0 £40,795 17 0
The interest on the 50,000 dollars, city loan, already repaid, is of course deduct- ed in this estimate. The product of the Potomac canal stock is estimated at 6 per cent. instead of three, which has been the first year's dividend; it will more probably produce 8 or ten per cent. instead of £6,500 0 0, which the treasurer calculates as the probable receipts for the ensuing year from the solvent debtors, comprehending a por- tion of the capital due, a net interest on the whole sum due is preferred, as it ex- hibits this interest of the state in the form of a perpetuity, instead of annuity; it is true, that the reimbursement on the six per cent stock, amounting annually to about 7000 dollars, is included above, although it stands on similar principles; this payment being not subject to the control of the state, she must continue to receive it, and the growing deficiency of the fund can only be supplied by e- quivalent investments in other produc- tive funds.
The ordinary annual expenditure of the state, according to the items in the treasurer's account, should be estimated at not more than £34,463 2s. 6d. as in his estimate for the ensuing year pro- vision is made for two sessions of the le- gislature, whereas only one can be pro- perly chargeable to any one year; al- though it may be prudent always to re- serve that sum in advance. There will be therefore remaining an annual surplus of ordinary revenue beyond the ordinary expenditure, of £6,331 14s. 6d.; to this sum may be added whatever the journal of accounts may amount to less than 30,000 dollars, and also what the state may gain under the laws of last session in the expense of juries, as the treasurer has continued the old estimate; from 5 to 7000 dollars may be allowed for these items. The forty one thousand pounds cash will not probably remain un- productive in the treasury; should £30, 000 of it be applied, as it may be safely done in the course of the year, in a man- ner to produce only six per cent (and the state have a right, by paying up their shares to that amount in the Baltimore bank, to realize at once 33 per cent on their capital,) it would produce £1,800 ann. The legislature may therefore safely cal- culate on an annual surplus from our pre- sent resources of considerably more than £10,000 a sum fully sufficient to meet the extraordinary expenses of govern- ment, replace the annual reimbursement of stock, and provide for arming of our militia completely, in the course of a few years.
These estimates are made without re- ference to the important interest belong- ing to the state in stock of the bank of England and five per cent, annuities; the amount of these, as appears by a letter of Mr. Murdoch, of the 10th De- cember, 1801, was worth, at the then selling price, £192,000 0 0 sterling; from the dividends since accruing, and the general rise of stock since that period, this sum may be now safely estimated at the increased value of £220,000 0 0 ster- ling, which, after every deduction for the transfer in favor of the Hanburys, the commissions to Mr. Chase, bills for- merly drawn and all incidental charges, ought to produce in our treasury here more than the net sum of 800,000 dol- lars. So large a property, detained in violation of the principles of justice, good faith, and those rules which ordi- narily govern the civilized world, merits the earnest attention of the legislature. Is not the government of the United States bound in duty and interest to re- cover this money for the state of Mary- land! The state of Maryland, in com- mon with the other states of the union,
have relinquished their national charac- ter to the United States; they are no longer known abroad or can transact their public concerns, but through the United States; through them they must obtain justice, or not at all. Where the individuals of one nation are denied jus- tice in the tribunals of another, or meet with a delay that amounts to a denial, the injured has a right to claim the na- tional protection and interference. Great Britain has lately exerted this right against the United States with but little pretensions to justice, and with less cere- mony—Her citizens have been forcibly and fully compensated. The duty of the United States is in this instance strongly connected with their interest. The wealth and resources of the United States, like those of all other govern- ments, consist of the wealth and resources of the public bodies, and individuals who compose them; they are the property of the United States for every legal and constitutional purpose—These 800,000 dollars would not in fact go directly into the treasury of the United States, but they would constitute a fund on which a legal and just government would have a right to calculate, whenever the fair ne- cessities of government would render it essential to the national safety. Would it not be well for the legislature to direct the executive to confer with the presi- dent of the United States on what far- ther steps would be necessary in this bu- siness? A verbal message from Mr. King, in London, through Mr. Christie to the governor of Maryland, gives the last in- formation received on the subject. It will be found in the separate note mark- ed No. 3, to avoid an official publicity that might embarrass our minister.
I have the honor to transmit to the le- gislature a memorial of the governor and directors of the Susquehanna canal com- pany (No. 4.) In September last I met governor McKean, by his desire, at Hav- re-de-Grace; we passed, in a large bar- ge, through the canal and locks, con- structed by the company, from the main river below into the main river above the canal, and we entirely coincided in opinion, that they constitute probably the most important national work on this side the Atlantic, and that, as far as completed, they do high honor to the judgment and zeal of the company; they are constructed with a strength and soli- dity that promise to prolong their advan- tages to distant posterity; but we also agreed in opinion, that the great national object contemplated can never be real- ized but by the joint exertions, and un- der the joint authorities, of the two states of Pennsylvania and Maryland. It ap- peared to be governor McKean's opinion, and it certainly was mine, that the half toll was but a nominal thing, that could neither injure individuals nor benefit the company to any extent, as it was impos- sible to suppose, from our view, that the bed of the river would be used for the purposes of navigation, if the canal should be completed, by extending cor- responding improvements into Penn- sylvania; but as the corporation had a vested right, which caused uneasy sen- sations in both states, to unite in pur- chasing it up, in order to extinguish it, and that it would be the interest of the company to dispose of it. I was myself happy to find that the company saw this measure in a proper view, and the prop- osals they have made, I hope will prove satisfactory to the legislature. Since this period I have received the enclosed letter from his excellency the governor of Pennsylvania (No. 5.) he seems to have misconceived, entirely, the principle on which the law of Maryland was founded, as I should have endeavored to explain to him in my reply; yet as it is never prudent to convince our friends that they are wrong unless absolutely ne- cessary, it might perhaps be more for the public interest to adopt the plan proposed by governor McKean, (or such other as the legislature may prefer) to promote the united interests of both states, leav- ing for the present the right of Maryland to rest on the general principles, that it is no argument against the existence of a right that it may be abused; and that the state in this instance have not abused the right, as appears evident from the incon- trovertible testimony, that the individ- uals with whom they have contracted are willing to relinquish their bargain, on the return of the principal and interest they have expended.
The legislature having heretofore had in contemplation a plan for rendering the punishment of criminals subservient to their reformation, I do myself the honor of forwarding to them a publication trans- mitted to this executive, by a benevo- lent and enlightened individual, Mr. Thomas Eddie, descriptive of the build- ings, and explanatory of the regulations of the state of New-York, on this sub- ject; together with a detail of the suc- cess with which they have been attended.
The eight hundred dollars appropriated during the last session for the purchase of furniture for the government house, under the direction of the governor, has been expended; and an account for eight hundred and four dollars has passed the auditor. The accounts for repairs of the buildings, lot, enclosures, &c. are not yet finished; they may amount to somewhat more than 1,200 dollars, but will be far within the 2000 dollars con- templated by the legislature. It may be
also proper here to suggest, that the gar- den, &c. has been repaired at no incon- siderable private expense of the gover- nor, and that, exposed to such tempo- rary occupation, it will probably require some permanent resident to keep it in re- pair, who might also protect the house and furniture, during the intervals be- tween the governor's periods, that have always occasioned loss and depredation on this public property.
Whilst I offer to the legislature my warm and grateful acknowledgements for the renewed testimony of their ap- probation, they will permit me to assure them, that my objects in public life have ever been limited and directed by the de- sire of being useful, and to hope that they will receive favorably the assurances of my devotion to the state, and per- sonal respect for themselves.
I have the honor to be, Gentlemen, Your obedient servant, JOHN F. MERCER.
[The documents referred to in the above communication, have not come to hand.]
From the AMERICAN, &c. THE DEMOCRAT, No. IV.
ON THE SOVEREIGNTY OF THE PEOP- PLE.
IT has been stated that in Mon- archy and Aristocracy, the sovereign- ty essentially resides in a distinct and privileged order; whilst in demo- cracy, however their ordinary govern- ment may be committed to responsible agents or substitutes, the sovereignty is still retained by the body of the people; the peasant and the magistrate remain- ing equal in their rights: This form of government being in the nature of a commission limited and revocable, the personal rights of the magistrate are not altered by the official power delegat- ed to him by his fellow-citizens, he be- comes the servant of the public, but his private relation to each individual re- mains the same. He is neither their servant, nor master, as the general ag- gregate of public authority is as much constituted by his contribution of per- sonal rights and power, as by that of any other individual.
This leading and all important distinc- tion, which decides the character of the American governments, has for some years rendered the people themselves and their sovereignty, the constant themes of ridicule and abuse. Notwithstanding the check produced by the late changes, Gazettes, of a particular cast, full teem with original and borrowed philippics, (1) against the sovereignty of the pe- ople—the contemptuous expressions of the swinish multitude are translated hither from the latitudinous dialects, of lux- urious & profligate courts, and even re- sponsible public servants are found, so impatient as to represent the people, as the greatest enemies to themselves—in other words as an infatuated rabble.— It is more difficult to foresee future political events, than to discover mo- tives of action: Men confident in their strength and language in their hopes, may well expect that their personal suc- cess will be attended with the establish- ment of their favorite and avowed prin- ciples; and that if the sovereignty of the people, should be indirectly relinquished by the people themselves, bestowing their fu- ture suffrages and power, on those who have always deluded and openly derided the principles, it would not only sancti- on their ridicule and contempt, but it would probably explode in practice and theory the sovereignty of the people hereafter; and leave open the foundation for the erection of a system, better adapted to personal aggrandizement.
It is hoped that such men are mis- taken, and that the people will judge too wily to repay insults with honors: and it is believed that the extent of the late change being found greater than their genius imagine, prudence will dictate to them more decorous language and per- haps safer principles. It is not however intended or wished to irritate or mortify opponents by these observations; it is our duty, at least, to try, to soar above the trifling passions of the day, in search of those all-important political truths, in which ourselves and our country are so deeply interested; and with this temper let us examine those objections which have been made to the sovereignty of the people.—It is correct in my summary, they may be reduced to the four follow- ing.—1st. That the same people cannot be sovereign and subject too, and that a sovereign subject is an absurdity in terms.—2d. That the lower classes of the people being ignorant and vicious are unfit to be entrusted with any power and are ridiculous members of the sovereign- ty.—3d. That history shews that the an- cient democracies, were scenes of tum- ult, cruelty and injustice—and fourth- ly. The recent example of France is produced against the democratic form, as supplying a quantum sufficit in aid of all deficiencies of argument and fact.
The first objection, that the people cannot be both sovereign and subject is rather a ludicrous play on words, than a serious display of argument. It has
been asked triumphantly, if the people are foreign who are their subjects?— The reply is plain and natural; the sove- reignty residing in the people, in their collective or national capacity, does not render each individual a foreigner; for there cannot be even two sovereigns in one nation: In fact, common experience and all approved authority have long solved this illegitimate paradox;— We are in the daily habit of observing corporations, the most common creations of society—on the whole or a majority of the members, powers are conferred, that exist in no one of the individuals; —United they make laws, which, le- gally, they are bound to obey. A de- mocracy is in effect a great corporation, a majority of whom make laws, to which every citizen is subject; as authority. I shall only cite the words of Montesquieu, The People in a democracy are in certain respects, the monarch, and in certain o- thers, the subjects; they are only the monarch by their suffrages (2)—and of Bartolomeu, in dem- ocracies, the sove- reign is a moral person, composed and formed by the reunion of all the chiefs of families in one will. (3)
The second argument drawn from the difficult and tedious characters constitut- ing part of the sovereignty, has been ge- nerally illustrated by an appeal to par- ticular characters—Tom, Dick and Harry, who are drunken and noisy at e- lections, and who are emphatically styled in the fashionable cant of the day, the sovereign people—from what has been just observed, it is hardly worth while formally to deplore them; they are rather more harmless with their grog, than those legitimate sovereigns, Caligula, Ne- ro, Gommodus, Henry the eighth, and Paul, with their crowns and sceptres;— we may safely appeal to our fellow-citi- zens, and ask, have such characters the smallest weight or influence in our gov- ernments? We know they have none. When we are asked for the sovereign people? We reply, look at the males of virtue, wealth, talents and numbers, spread out from New-Hampshire to Georgia, and from the Ocean to the Mis- sissippi, and continually declaring their sovereign will, by their authorized agents, and you then find the real and legitimate sovereign of America! more august and venerable, than the united kings and aristocrats collected from the rest of the globe; we know and feel that they gov- ern this country; and we hope and ex- pect that they will govern it happily.
The third objection is merely an ap- peal to fact, which is to be examined, but this like the two former objections chiefly refer to the simple forms of de- mocracy, and bear but little relation to our representative governments, as shall be more particularly observed. Democracy administered by the pe- ople personally, can have but few, if any advocates in America, it is not only interior in its nature, but it is physical- ly impracticable with us; still however, as it is of the last importance to man- kind, to develop with truth, the princi- ples and practice of self-government, under every form in which it has ap- peared, I shall examine strictly the ob- jections, derived from example & experi- ence.
All history teaches us, that the throne is not more productive of virtue and ta- lents, that the cottage; and our religion informs us, that a manager was selected as the birth-place of the divine mission- ary of our God. In truth, the fa- culties of man only develop as they be- come useful, or necessary to him:—give him but little share in governing him- self, and he will discover but little ca- pacity for the purpose; make it an ex- cuse for a gradual decrease of this share, and his political acquirements will gra- dually diminish, until he will be degrad- ed, with equally apparent justice, to sla- very and almost to brutality; for the examples of Asiatic and African dep- otism warrant a doubt, of the excellence of any ultimate stage of depredation, from whence as, it has been supposed, the e- lastic powers of the human mind, must recover their primitive force and energy. —Under this serious view, with what caution ought we to receive any abuse or calumny of the democracies of the an- cient or modern world, which less admit the misguided and interested condemna- tions of the ignorant and ambitious.
We now know that it was not to the soil or climate, that Greece or Rome were indebted for their virtue, their sci- ence, or their power; for ages have now passed since the banditti who have inhab- ited the country of Socrates and Epi- minondas have been scourged by the rod of Turkish despotism, and long have the descendants of the Scipios and Catos prostrated themselves, to kiss the toe of the Pope, in that capital, where Cicero once thundered from the Forum, and Brutus and Cassius, the last of the Ro- mans, planted their daggers in a tyrant's breast: It was owing then to the virtue and vigor of their popular institutions, that the circumscribed limits of the an- cient democracies of Greece, from the birth of Homer to the fatal battle Cheronea, —scarcely five hundred years, and the walls of the city of Rome, from the ad- mission of Plebeians into the Senate, and the Plebiscita, as laws, to the death of Julius Cæsar, during a period not so long —produced more heroic and moral vir- tue, more learning and more fine arts,

than the whole human race besides, have been able to rival, from their creation to the present day.
PUBLICOLA.
(Subject to be continued.)
(1) See for example in the Washington Federalist of Feb. 20th 1802, a piece styled the Extract. (2) Montesq. Esq. des loix lib. 2. chap. 2. (3) Burlam. Dr. Fel. part 2, chap. 1. sect. 10.
PHILADELPHIA, November 22.
REPUBLICAN DINNER.
The entertainment given to celebrate the re-election of Governor McKean, at Francis's Hotel, on Saturday last, was attended by near one hundred citizens. The GOVERNOR, and Mr. RODNEY, of Delaware, were the only guests invited. The dinner arrangements of the table were in the highest taste. An excellent band of music, and a variety of appropriate songs, contributed much to the pleasure of the day. Thus mirth and good humor prevailed throughout this company, till the approach of 12 o'clock, when each citizen retired to his home, reflecting, with gratitude, upon the change of times, in which a republican might feel happy, and dare to announce it.
The indisposition of Gen. Muhlenberg, prevented his attendance; but Messrs. Jones and Dallas were assisted by Mr. Fox, Mr. Chandler Price, Mr. J. Harrison, Mr. J. Leib, M. Smith and Mr. Colhoun. The following toasts were given, besides a number of ingenious and well adapted volunteers.
TOASTS,
FOR THE 20th NOVEMBER, 1802.
 1. The right of election; which adds this day's festival to the triumphs of republicanism.  2. The revolution of 1776, and the reformation of 1801.  3. The United States: may they long enjoy peace with independence, and prosperity without pride.  4. The president of the United States: his patriotism confers happiness on his country; may his philosophy secure it for himself.  5. The constitutional departments, legislative, executive and judicial; forever united, and never discordant.  6. The State of Pennsylvania.  7. The new star in the federal constellation—the state of Ohio.  8. The rights of man, founded in common sense, and asserted in every crisis.  9. A free press, fairly used.  10. The American fair: their happiness our dearest object; their virtues our best reward.  11. Agriculture, commerce, arts and manufactures.  12. Public confidence; acquired by merit, and preserved by fidelity.  National honor—May the zealots of party, who seek to degrade the government, find they can only debate themselves.  Democratic Economy—a debt paid with honor, a treasury guarded by frugality, no office without use, and no tax without need.  Foreign intercourse—For all nations, friendship without partiality, from all nations justice without strife.  Thanks to Massachusetts and Delaware, and a happy deliverance to New Jersey.  "A union of all honest men," upon the principles which led Washington to the field, and Jefferson in the cabinet. 
VOLUNTEERS.
After the governor retired, Mr. Jones gave, Thomas M'Kean—May each of his calumniators be answered by thirty thousand voices.
The memory of Washington and Franklin, who died patriots; and the virtues of John Dickenson and Samuel Adams, who lived whigs.
Liberty to the friends of liberty all over the world; if we cannot extend it to them, we invite them to share it with us.
May the authority of the people be superior to the interest of individuals in every conflict between legislative acts and judicial interpretation.
The patriots of Ireland, who have chosen America for their country because liberty is there—
"The spark from the altar of '76." The tree of liberty may it never bear Burrus.
The sons of Herman and St. Patrick—successful by their union, may they never forget that by union they stand, by division they fall.
The triumph of republican principles in 1800, a repetition in 1804.
The judges below—as they should be, and the people above them.
The following among other songs was sung on the occasion.
To George on his throne where he reign'd in full glo
The sons of Columbia sent a petition; That he their protector and patron would be, And rescue this country from total perdition:
But he turn'd a deaf ear, To the voice of their prayer, While his face did an aspect of tyranny wear; Then their tears they were fed with the noble design,
To prepare a rich offering at liberty's shrine.
The news to the senate immediately flew. When Old North he pretended to give himself airs; If these miscreants are suffered their schemes to pursue, I no longer must be at the head of affairs. Hark! already they cry, In transports of joy, To our arms my brave boys let us instantly fly; Inferior blessings we'll freely resign, To pay our devotions at liberty's shrine.
Places, pensions, and sinecures, courts and le vees, Alas! we forever shall instantly lose: The way to avert such misfortunes as these, Is to found an alarm the dull mob to amuse. Informers no fear on't, Shall soon do their errand, And damme, we'll swing the reformers I warrant, Suspend habeas corpus, the rascals confine, And knock down the building of liberty's shrine.
The placemen and pensioners rose from their seats, Their zeal in support of their leader to show; They talk'd of augmenting the armies and fleets, Crying sic evitable certes this blow, We'll awake from our trance, And boldly advance, Nor ever dast till the rebels have danc'd, 'Til total oblivion their projects confound, When once we've demolished liberty's shrine.
The patriots got up and indignant replied, Degenerate mortals, the hour is at hand; When sham'd and confounded your heads ye shall hide, Whilst freedom & virtue prevail in the land. Haste, haste let's away, Nor longer delay, Our country invites us, her call we obey; To check our enjoyments, tho' despots combine, In vain they conspire against liberty's shrine.
Ye votaries of freedom then join hand in hand, Nor suffer oppression your curse to impede: The bright star of reason illumines the land, You've the function of nature, your cause will succeed. While thus we agree, Our toast let it be, May Columbians be happy, united, and free For mutual defence may we ever combine, And our last sigh be offered at liberty's shrine.
WASHINGTON CITY.
FRIDAY, November 26, 1802.
We are informed that the Executive has received advice, that the port of NEW ORLEANS has been CLOSED against foreign vessels from the ocean, including American, and that the right of depositing American property there has been prohibited, without any other establishment being assigned in lieu of it. The right to export property before despatched was excepted from the prohibition. These regulations, so contrary to our treaty with Spain, were published, at New Orleans, by the Intendant, on the 17 October last.
The Third Letter of Thomas Paine will appear on Monday next.
We invite the attention of our readers to the patriotic communication of Governor MERCER to the legislature of Maryland. It is, with great pleasure, we have perused that part which recommends a more efficient organization of the MILITIA. The ideas of the governor on this point appear to us correct, and his zeal will be the most likely to excite that of the legislative body. The supineness of our public councils cannot, in relation to this interesting object, be too strongly or too frequently condemned. Public opinion should compel them to do something that shall prove efficient; and which shall place the country in such a state of security as to dissipate all alarm from the sword of usurpation, from internal commotion, or from external war.
MASSACHUSETTS ELECTION.
The following representatives to congress are certainly elected:
Republican. Messrs. Eustis, Crowninshield, Varnum, Billings, Cutts, Seaver, and Skinner—7.
Federal. Messrs. Hastings, Dwight, Wadsworth, Cutler, Stedham, Thatcher, Mitchell—7.
In the district of Hampshire, North, there is no election; and in the districts of Barnstable and Kennebec, the result is not yet known.
Extracts from the Journal of an American gentleman of literary character, now in the Mediterranean.
[Communicated for insertion in the National Intelligencer.]
Among the curiosities of Gibraltar are "The Galleries and St. Michael Cave;" the former are cut through the solid rock, with small chambers for the cannon which are mounted; they command the Spanish Lines, and would unquestionably prove the most formidable battery, on the Rock, if the concavity was not too great, for the men who work them. This the English are unwilling to acknowledge, but there are many circumstances, which corroborate the suspicion. They were planned and executed under the direction of Sergeant Ins, who has since received a commission. There are about 36 pieces mounted in the halls and galleries, 504, are total number on the Rock.
"St. Michael's Cave is unquestionably, one of the greatest natural curiosities I ever beheld. The first chamber is nearly circular, and bears more resemblance to the ruin of a Gothic Cathedral than a cavern, rent by nature in her frolicsome moments. You are struck with the innumerable pillars which are formed by the constant dropping of the water, whose shades vary as it is more or less charged with calcareous matter. Many of these petrified columns might vie in beauty and correctness with the finest architecture. There are many other caverns, which present all the variety, that is characteristic of nature's works."
"Among its antiquities are the ruins of the inquisition, the Devils Tower, and the Morish Castle. This demoniacal tower unquestionably boasts of great antiquity, but its use I have not learnt; the probability, however, is, that this was once the sole defence of Gabel Tarif; it is situated near the Spanish line, is circular, its diameter is from 12 to 15 feet, and height about 50, it has but one entrance, viz: at the top—Of the Morish Castle I could gain but little information, and indeed, I would not have visited it, but from a suspicion, that this gave rise, or at least aided, in a particular manner the writers of the Romance, and opera of Blue Beard. I have some historical facts to assist me; the Scene as represented in both, is certainly a correct picture of Gibraltar and the adjacent country. I find in the year 1333, the bishaw Atomilique, son of the emperor of Fez, besieged this place, that it surrendered in five months, and that his descendants held quiet possession of it until 1410; that his character was cruel, unrelenting, and veiled with a mystery which none could unravel; that he had a wife or concubine, by the name of Fatima; his death was sudden, and the manner not accounted for."
"Its ruinous state, I acknowledge, prevented my discovering the blue chamber; but when I got on the terrace, I felt satisfied that I was near the spot where Anna waved her handkerchief; the cloud of dust I noticed, came from the sand bank near St. Roke; the scene, the building, the names, his general character, with a little imagination, will make this as good a Blue Beard's Castle as ever was built."
"While I am with Moorish antiquities I cannot omit the wall, which nearly divides the Rock. This, it is said, was built by the Moors during their captivity, on a sacred promise, that when completed, they should enjoy their liberty. Nothing but such a hope could ever have supported men through such a labour. I would defy Diomedes, or even Ajax, to lift many of the stones which compose this wall. But the work finished, the cruel and perfidious Spaniards inhumanly butchered every surviving Moor; in this I have not assumed the traveller's licence. I give it to you, however talis qualis."
Extract of a letter from a gentleman in Scotland, to his friend in Pittsburg, dated May 10, 1802.
"In no nation have the friends of rectitude and integrity suffered more than in this, from that vile spirit of persecution. With regard to public affairs, the field is too ample for me to enter upon, especially on such a remnant of paper. Those of Britain in particular, are too bad to be touched. "We look back without satisfaction, and forward without hope."
"I now rejoice, most sincerely, to find your country directed by that celebrated man, who has resolution to put into action those principles of the most enlightened policy, which, in the present depraved condition of mankind, have by many, even enlightened men, been deemed impracticable; that of procuring to the community the greatest possible happiness, at the least possible expense; and he who has boldness, and without hesitation or trepidation, laid the axe to the root of those tremendous overgrown trees, peculation and corruption."
"In this country, he who could seriously talk of the practicability of such things was derided, and almost considered as insane, until Jefferson verified them to the admiring world at large, and upon the most extensive scale."
The following is one, among several plans, which have been laid before the Corporation of New-York, for the erection of a new City Hall. It was presented by Dr. Smith.
"It is in the form of an elliptic, having a colonade in the centre, in which are introduced the Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian orders, with correspondent pilasters and wings presenting a front of 300 feet, 63 feet in height exclusive of the dome, commanding by an easy ascent a view of the city, the harbour, and the adjacent country; and the ornaments are such as can be executed in America."
"The dome being 145 feet from the ground, and having a larger and higher object than a cupola, would give an air of grandeur and opulence, serve as a landmark to pilots for the safety of commerce by day, and at night facilitate the safe approach to the city by means of a large lantern hung in the centre."
"In a niche, in front of the second story, within the portico, on an appropriate base of marble, Dr. Smith proposes to
have these lines inscribed to the memory of our late illustrious WASHINGTON. Vain were the task his deathless name to praise, As vain this monumental stone to raise: Each heart that virtue warms shall hail his name, And time preserve him on the rolls of fame. Rome had her Cæsar, Greece their fame has shar'd, Their heroes written, and their lives compar'd; Britain her Wolfe, Gaul Bonaparte may own; Their lives have parallels,—but his his own. Over this base is fixed, before a pyramid of black marble, a sarcophagus supposed to contain the ashes of the immortal warrior. Under a weeping willow on one side stands a female figure representing Columbia weeping over the urn of the Hero, on the other side the figure of Diogenes, with his lantern, in an attitude of surprise at finding the ashes of an honest man."
COPY. Gibraltar, Sept. 6, 1802. Joseph Iznardi, Esq. Sir, I have now to inform you, that four days ago arrived here from Tetuan, 35 Moorish seamen, for the Tripolitan ship laid up here; amongst them is the commander of the Tripolitan brig fold here. They report this day begin to work on her. The report is that she is the Emperor of Morocco's property, going from hence to Tetuan for provisions, and from thence to Tripoli. Please to communicate this to the commanders of the U. States' ships of war, and to all others concerned. I am, Sir, yours, &c. JOHN GAVINO. P. S. A Moroccan ship from Larash has been cut some days.
Alexandria, November 19. Mr. Westcott, Since my return to the District of Columbia, I find that in your paper of 17th September are some editorial remarks upon a piece republished from the Bolton Centinel, entitled "Uniformity of Decision," and signed "A Mouth of Labour," which contain no attempt to excite a suspicion that I was the author of that piece. I request you to make it known, as extensively as the unjust insinuation has circulated, that I am not the author of, nor did I furnish the materials," or any part of them, "for the publication which was the subject of those remarks," that I had no concern whatever in that publication, and have no knowledge of the author.
I am, Sir, your obedient servant W. CRANCH. Washington, Nov. 10, 1802.
Baltimore, Nov. 22.
IMPORTANT.
A letter from New Orleans, dated the 19th October, to a respectable merchant of this city—States, that on the afternoon of that day a Proclamation was posted up by order of the intendant, closing the port not merely against the entrance of produce from the Atlantic in American vessels, but also against ALL PRODUCE FLOATED DOWN THE MISSISSIPPI. This measure had created great consternation among the American merchants there, who had expedited an express by the Charlotte to bring a copy of the order for the information of government, and of our merchants generally. It was even doubtful whether goods deposited would be suffered to be exported in American bottoms, but sugar had positively been prohibited.
New-York, November 22. We are informed by captain Sinclair, of the ship Superior, arrived yesterday, that the port of New Orleans was shut against the entry of American vessels, on Saturday the 16th of October last. The Spaniards have not yet fixed on a place of deposit for American produce, agreeable to the treaty between the United States and his Catholic Majesty; and which the shutting us out of that port may be deemed an infringement of. This is certainly a subject which requires the immediate attention of our government.
The Spaniards allege, that by treaty the permission to deposit goods in that city, of course expired on the conclusion of the war. The governor and intendant were at variance on the present proceedings.
The Spaniards at New Orleans had heard of the appointment of a commander, and of an armed force, destined for that place, but great uncertainty prevailed at the time of their coming.
Several samples had been received from England, consisting of cotton in the feed, and the seed itself, which had been fraudulently packed in the heart of the bales.
New-York, Nov. 22.
The letter from which the following is an extract was communicated to us by a gentleman passenger in the ship Superior from New Orleans who received it from a person of the first respectability there after the vessel had left port, and whilst he was waiting for a wind in the outer harbour.
New Orleans, October 20th, 1802.
"At 8 o'clock this evening I left the
office of the Intendant, who informed me that the peace had just been proclaimed; and that the neutral Commerce granted to the Americans, in consequence of the regulations of the 16th June, 1798, and the 13th October, 1799, had ceased, by virtue of the fourth article of the treaty the 27th October, 1795. They will not in future be permitted to make a deposit of their cargoes in this place, conformably to the 22d article, which has expired."
New-York, November 22.
A letter from a gentleman in Gibraltar, dated the 6th of October last, (received here yesterday by the brig Dean,) mentions that there were five ships of the line in that place; all of which laid, on the 5th of October, taken in six months provisions and stores of all kinds, and were ordered to sea immediately. It was said that they were going up the Mediterranean. It was so sudden a business, that the best informed people there were not able to tell the particulars of their destination. He adds, that it was evident some mischief was brewing, as on Thursday evening the 2d of October, a brig of war passed that place from Malta; she sent a boat with letters to the Commander of the fleet: after which the Admiral proceeded to take in the above-mentioned stores.—And concludes his letter by saying, that every body there talk of nothing but war.
LEGHORN, Sep. 1.
The loss of the Americans that landed near Tunis seems very much exaggerated, as it appears that not more than four hundred were made prisoners by the Barbarians; the number landed could not amount to two thousand men.
Members of Congress, Travellers,
and those gentlemen whose business call them to the City of Washington, are respectfully informed that the subscriber has established the
UNION TAVERN & WASHINGTON HOTEL,
On Pennsylvania Avenue, first house east of the President's, and one mile from the Capitol.
THERE is a pavement all the way, and the accommodations are equal to any in the United States, having thirty rooms fitted up in an elegant manner. Also, a large Coffee Room, 34 feet by 23—and a room over the same, now finishing, convenient for the reception of any public meetings, with a pleasing view of the Potomac and the surrounding country. All the principal newspapers in the Union are taken and regularly filed.
WILLIAM LOVELL. N. B.—To Let, a coach and single horse
Nov. 26. 3m.
TO RENT,
For 5 months from the 14th December next,
A convenient two story frame
HOUSE on F street, a few doors west of the Bank, with a well inclosed garden, a good stable and wood house, the whole standing on the back of the lot, and well calculated for a private family.
ALSO, Will be sold on the premises on said day, a variety of Household and kitchen furniture, consisting of a number of good beds, & bedding, a handsome Bureau, Tables, Chairs, &c. &c. Sale to begin 10 o'clock, where the terms will be made known by
JAMES NEAL. Nov. 26. tawt14D.
To Rent on moderate terms.
A TWO STORY BRICK HOUSE ON
South Capitol Street—in front is a large
store completely fitted up for the wet and dry goods business, with a Parlor adjoining, which may be used separate from the House, and leave sufficient room for the accommodation of a private family—a kitchen with servants room over—with a small smoke House adjoining—three stall stable and inclosed garden.
Enquire of Mr. CHARLES VARDEN, New Jersey Avenue, or on the premises, THOMAS JONES. Nov. 25. tf.
FOR SALE.
A likely young NEGRO WOMAN.
A GOOD House servant—Enquire at the Office of the National Intelligencer.
ALSO,
TO LET—A convenient Two story Brick dwelling House, &c. near the Capitol—Enquire as above. Nov. 22. tf.
CITY OF WASHINGTON, Nov. 19th.
Having been authorised by an act of the Corporation entitled "an act to open West Fourteenth Street," to contract for opening, clearing, and rendering passable for wagons, the first street from North F street, to its extremity—Notice is hereby given, that I will receive proposals for the execution of this work, until the first day of December next, which proposals may be left at the Register's office for the City.
Having been also authorised by said act, to receive donations from individuals in aid of the funds appropriated by said act to complete this work—A subscription paper has been left at the Register's office for the signatures of those who are disposed to aid the same. ROBERT BRENT, Mayor. 45.

PROPOSALS
FOR CARRYING Mails of the United States On the following Post-Roads, Will be received at the GENERAL POST OFFICE at WASHINGTON, until the 18th day of January, inclusive.
IN DELAWARE.
1. From Wilmington by New-Castle, St. George's-town, Cantwell's bridge, Duck Creek, Dover, Frederica, Milford, George-town, Trap, Snowhill, Horntown, Drummond and Northampton c. h. to the Ferry Landing, three times a week.
April 1st to November 15th.
Leave Wilmington every Monday, Wednesday and Friday, at 11 a. m. arrive at Dover same days by 9 p. m. Leave Dover every Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday, at 4 a. m. and arrive at Drummond the next day, Wednesday, Friday and Monday, by 9 p. m. and arrive at the Ferry Landing on Thursday, Saturday and Tuesday, by noon. Returning—Leave the Ferry Landing every Monday, Wednesday and Friday, at noon. Leave Drummond every Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday, at 6 a. m. arrive at Dover the next day on Wednesday, Friday and Monday, by 8 p. m. Leave Dover every Thursday, Saturday and Tuesday, at 4 a. m. and arrive at Wilmington the same days by 2 p. m.
November 15th to April 1st.
Leave Wilmington every Monday, Wednesday and Friday, at 6 a. m. arrive at Dover same days by 6 p. m. Leave Dover every Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday, at 5 a. m. and arrive at Drummond on Wednesday, Friday and Monday, by 8 p. m. and arrive at the Ferry Landing on Thursday, Saturday and Tuesday, by noon. Returning—Leave the Ferry Landing every Monday, Wednesday and Friday, at 10 a. m. and arrive at Dover the next Wednesday, Saturday and Monday, by 8 p. m. Leave Dover every Thursday, Saturday and Tuesday, at 6 a. m. and arrive at Wilmington same days by 6 p. m.
IN MARYLAND.
2. From Frederica by Berry-town and Whittelyburg to Greenboro', in Maryland, once a week. Leave Frederica every Friday at 4 a. m. and arrive at Greenboro' by 11 a. m. Leave Greenboro' every Friday at 1 p. m. and arrive at Frederica by 8 p. m. 3. From Lewis-town by Broadkiln Landing, George-town, Bridge Branch, North W. F. Bridge and New-Market, Md. to Cambridge, Md. once a week. Leave Lewis-town every Tuesday at 6 a. m. arrive at George-town by noon. Leave George-town every Tuesday at 1 p. m. arrive at Cambridge on Wednesday by 6 p. m. Returning—Leave Cambridge every Thursday at noon, and arrive at Lewis-town on Friday by 8 p. m. 4. From George-town by Concord and Laurel to Salisbury, Md. once a week. Leave George-town every Friday at 6 a. m. and arrive at Salisbury by 6 p. m. Leave Salisbury every Saturday at 6 a. m. and arrive at George-town by 6 p. m.
IN MARYLAND.
5. From Elkton by Warwick, Sassafras-town, Mays's-town, Bridge-town, Sadlers, Bear-town, Greenboro', Denton and Hillsboro', to Easton, once a week. Leave Elkton every Tuesday at 6 a. m. and arrive at Easton on Thursday by 10 a. m. Returning—Leave Easton every Thursday at 2 p. m. arrive at Greenboro' by 3 p. m. and arrive at Elkton on Saturday by 6 p. m. 6. From Wilmington, Del. by Christiana, Middletown, Warwick, George-town, Chester-town, Church-hill, Centreville, Queens-town, Shark-town and Kent Island, to Annapolis, twice a week. Leave Wilmington every Tuesday and Friday at 5 a. m. and arrive at Chester-town by 8 p. m. Leave Chester-town every Wednesday and Saturday at 4 a. m. and arrive at Centreville by 10 a. m. and at Annapolis by 8 p. m. Leave Annapolis every Friday and Tuesday at 4 a. m. arrive at Centreville at 2 p. m. Leave Centreville at 3 p. m. arrive at Chester-town by 8 p. m. Leave Chester-town every Saturday and Wednesday by 5 a. m. and arrive at Wilmington at 6 p. m. 7. From Centreville to Easton twice a week. Leave Centreville every Wednesday and Saturday at noon, and arrive at Easton by 6 p. m. Returning—Leave Easton every Tuesday and Friday at 7 a. m. arrive at Centreville by 1 p. m. Leave same at 2 p. m. and arrive at Chester-town by 8 p. m. 8. From Annapolis by Queen Ann's and Lower Marlboro' to Washington city, once a week. Leave Annapolis every Monday and Thursday at 6 a. m. and arrive at Washington by 6 p. m. Leave Washington every Monday and Thursday at 6 a. m. arrive at Annapolis by 6 p. m. 9. From Easton by Cambridge, Vienna, Salisbury, Snowhill, Prince's Ann, Vienna, Salisbury and Cambridge, to Easton, once a week. Leave Easton every Thursday at 5 a. m. arrive at Cambridge by 11 a. m. and arrive at Snowhill on Friday at half past 8 p. m.
Leave Snowhill every Saturday at 6 a. m. and arrive at Easton on Monday by 6 p. m. 10. From Hartford to Bell-Air once a week. Leave Bell-Air every Tuesday at 7 a. m. arrive at Hartford by 9 a. m. Leave Hartford at 11 a. m. and arrive at Bell-Air at 1 p. m.
11. From Baltimore by Liberty-town to Frederick-town, and from thence by New-Market to Baltimore, twice a week. Leave Baltimore every Thursday and Saturday at 6 a. m. arrive at Frederick-town by 6 p. m. Leave Frederick-town every Friday and Sunday at 6 a. m. arrive at Baltimore by 7 p. m.
12. From Baltimore by Ellicott's Lower Mills, Brookville, Montgomery c. h. and Charlesburg, to Leesburg, Va. once a week. Leave Leesburg every Thursday at 6 a. m. arrive at Baltimore on Friday at 10 a. m. Leave Baltimore every Friday at 2 p. m. and arrive at Leesburg on Saturday by 6 p. m.
13. From Baltimore to Annapolis three times a week. Leave Baltimore every Monday, Wednesday and Friday, at 8 a. m. and arrive at Annapolis same days by 5 p. m. Returning—Leave Annapolis every Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday, at 8 a. m. and arrive at Baltimore same days by 5 p. m.
14. From Annapolis by Tracey's Landing, Lower Marlboro', Huntingdon and Calvert c. h. to St. Leonard's, once a week. Leave Annapolis every Tuesday at 6 a. m. arrive at St. Leonard's on Wednesday by 10 a. m. Leave St. Leonard's every Wednesday at 2 p. m. arrive at Lower Marlboro' on Thursday. Leave Lower Marlboro' every Monday at 8 a. m. and arrive at Annapolis by 5 p. m.
15. From Washington city by Unity-town, Hobb's-town, Brookville, Howard, Puley's mill and Wright's mill, to Taneyton, once a week. Leave Washington every Wednesday at 6 a. m. and arrive at Taneyton by 6 p. m. On Thursday. Leave Taneyton every Friday at 6 a. m. and arrive at Washington on Saturday by 6 p. m.
16. From Washington city by George-town, Montgomery c. h. and Clark'sboro' to Frederick-town, three times a week. Leave Washington every Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday, at 4 a. m. arrive at Frederick-town same days by 6 p. m. Returning—Leave Frederick-town every Monday, Wednesday and Friday, at 4 a. m. and arrive at Washington same days by 6 p. m.
17. From Frederick-town by Wood'sboro', Taneyton, Peterham, Pa. and Hanover to York, Pa. once a week. Leave Frederick-town every Monday at 6 a. m. arrive at York by 6 p. m. Returning—Leave York every Tuesday at 6 a. m. arrive at Frederick-town same day by 6 p. m.
18. From Frederick-town by Middle-town, Boonesboro', Hager's-town and Green-Castle, to Chambersburg, Pa. twice a week. Leave Frederick-town every Sunday and Friday at 4 a. m. arrive at Hager's-town by 11 a. m. Leave Hager's-town at half past 11, and arrive at Chambersburg same days by 7 p. m. Returning—Leave Chambersburg every Monday and Friday at 11 p. m. arrive at Hager's-town on Tuesday and Saturday at half past 12 p. m. Leave Hager's-town at 1 p. m. and arrive at Frederick-town same days by 8 p. m.
19. From Hager's-town by Hancock, Berkley Springs, and Old-town, to Cumberland, once a week. Leave Hager's-town every Tuesday at 2 p. m. arrive at Cumberland on Thursday by 2 p. m. Leave Cumberland every Saturday at 8 p. m. arrive at Hager's-town on Tuesday at 10 a. m.
20. From Frederick-town by New-town, Harper's ferry, Charles-town and Shepherd's-town, to Martinsburg, Va. once a week. Leave Frederick-town every Wednesday at 8 a. m. arrive at Charles-town by 5 p. m. Leave Charles-town every Wednesday at 6 p. m. arrive at Martinsburg on Thursday at 9 a. m. Leave Martinsburg every Thursday at noon, arrive at Harper's ferry by 8 p. m. Leave Harper's ferry on Tuesday at 9 a. m. arrive at Frederick-town by 6 p. m.
21. From Frederick-town to Leesburg once a week. Leave Frederick-town every Friday at noon, arrive at Leesburg by 8 p. m. Leave Leesburg every Thursday at 8 p. m. arrive at Frederick-town on Friday by 11 a. m.
22. From Washington city by Piscataway, Port-Tobacco, Allen's Ferry, Newport, Chaptico, Leonard-town, Great Mill and St. Inigoes, to the Ridge. Leave Washington every Monday and Friday at 7 a. m. and arrive at Port-Tobacco by 5 p. m. Leave Port-Tobacco every Tuesday at 4 a. m. arrive at Leonard-town by 4 p. m. Leave Leonard-town at half past 4 p. m. and arrive at the Ridge on Wednesday by 4 p. m. Returning—Leave the Ridge on Thursday at 6 a. m. arrive at Port-Tobacco Friday by 6 p. m. Leave Port-Tobacco on Saturday at 4 a. m. arrive at Washington by 4 p. m.
23. From Piscataway to Alexandria once a week. Leave Piscataway every Saturday at 6 a. m. arrive at Alexandria by 10 a. m. Leave Alexandria every Saturday at 2 p. m. and arrive at Piscataway by 6 p. m.
24. From Washington by Upper Marlboro', Nottingham, Lower Marlboro', Aquasco, Benedict and Charles-Hall, to Chaptico, once a week. Leave
Washington every Saturday at 5 a. m. and arrive at Chaptico on Sunday by 6 p. m. Leave Chaptico every Monday at 8 a. m. and arrive at Washington on Wednesday by 3 p. m.
IN VIRGINIA.
25. From Hagerstown, Md. by Williamsport, Martinsburg, Winchester, Steven'sburg or Newtown, Strasburg, Woodstock, New Market & Harrisonburg to Staunton once a week. Leave Hagerstown every Tuesday at 2 p. m. arrive at Winchester on Wednesday by 10 a. m. Leave Winchester at 11 a. m. arrive at Staunton on Friday by 4 a. m. Returning—Leave Staunton every Friday at 2 p. m. and arrive at Hagerstown the next Monday at 10 a. m.
26. From Washington City by George-town to Prospect-hill once a week. Leave Washington every Tuesday at 9 a. m. and arrive at Prospect-hill by 3 p. m. Returning—Leave Prospect-hill every Monday at 10 a. m. and arrive at Washington by 3 p. m.
27. From Alexandria by Prospect-hill, Hill'sboro', Leesburg, Waterford, Charles-town and Battle-town to Winchester once a week. Leave Alexandria every Tuesday at 10 a. m. arrive at Prospect-hill by 3 p. m. Leave Prospect-hill at half past 5 p. m. and arrive at Charles-town on Wednesday at 5 p. m. Leave Charles-town at 6 p. m. arrive at Winchester on Thursday by noon. Returning—Leave Winchester on Saturday 11 a. m. arrive at Charles-town by 6 p. m. Leave Charles-town at 7 p. m. arrive at Prospect-hill on Monday by 9 a. m. and at Alexandria by 4 p. m.
28. From Washington City by Fairfax c. h. Centerville, Middleburg, Goosey, Millwood, Paris, Winchester, Romney and Western-port to Green Glades, once a week. 172 miles. Leave Washington City every Friday at 2 p. m. arrive at Fairfax c. h. by 5 p. m. Leave Fairfax c. h. at half past 5 p. m. arrive at Winchester on Sunday by 8 a. m. arrive at Romney on Monday at 7 a. m. and at Green Glades by 8 p. m. Returning—Leave Green Glades on Tuesday at 4 a. m. arrive at Romney at 5 p. m. arrive at Winchester on Wednesday by 5 p. m. at Fairfax c. h. on Friday by 5 and a half a. m. Leave Fairfax c. h. at 6 a. m. and arrive at Washington by 9 a. m.
29. From the Green Glades by Charlesburg to Marietta once a week, 168 miles. Leave the Green Glades every Tuesday at 4 a. m. arrive at Marietta on Friday by 10 a. m. Leave Marietta every Friday at 2 p. m. arrive at the Green Glades the next Monday by 8 p. m.
30. From Romney by Springfield, Frankfort and Grafton to Cumberland once a week. Leave Romney every Monday at 9 a. m. arrive at Cumberland by 6 p. m. Leave Cumberland every Tuesday at 6 a. m. arrive at Romney at 6 p. m.
31. From Romney to Moorfields once a week, and from thence by Frankfort to Bath c. h. once in two weeks. Leave Romney every Monday at 9 a. m. arrive at Moorfields by 4 p. m. Leave Moorfields every other Monday at 4 p. m. arrive at Bath c. h. on Wednesday by 7 p. m. Leave Bath c. h. every other Thursday at 6 a. m. arrive at Moorfields on Saturday by 9 a. m. Leave Moorfields every other Saturday and every other Tuesday at 9 a. m. arrive at Romney by 7 p. m.
32. From Alexandria by Fairfax c. h. Centerville, Hay Market, Buckland, Fauquier c. h. and Jefferson to Culpeper c. h. once a week. Leave Alexandria every Friday at 2 a. m. arrive at Fairfax c. h. by 5 p. m. Leave Fairfax c. h. at half past 5 p. m. arrive at Culpeper the next Monday at 10 a. m. Returning—Leave Culpeper c. h. every Monday at 2 p. m. arrive at Fairfax c. h. the next Friday by 5 and half a. m. Leave Fairfax c. h. at 6 a. m. arrive at Alexandria by 9 a. m.
33. From Centerville to Leesburg once a week. Leave Centerville every Saturday at 6 a. m. arrive at Leesburg by 11 a. m. Returning—Leave Leesburg every Saturday at 1 p. m. arrive at Centerville by 4 p. m.
34. From Fredericksburg by Steven'sburg and Culpeper c. h. to Madison c. h. Orange c. h. Culpeper and Steven'sburg to Fredericksburg once a week. Leave Fredericksburg every Tuesday at 10 a. m. arrive at Culpeper c. h. on Wednesday by 11 a. m. Leave Culpeper c. h. at noon, arrive at Madison c. h. by 2 p. m. Returning—Leave Madison c. h. every Sunday at 3 p. m. arrive at Fredericksburg on Tuesday by 6 a. m.
35. From Fredericksburg by Orange c. h. and Milton to Charlottesville twice a week. Leave Fredericksburg every Wednesday and Saturday at 6 p. m. arrive at Charlottesville on Friday and Monday by 10 a. m. Returning—Leave Charlottesville every Monday and Friday at 2 p. m. arrive at Fredericksburg on Tuesday and Saturday by 9 p. m.
36. From Charlottesville by New-York, Staunton, Middlebrook, Brown'sburg, Lexington, Natural Bridge, Fincastle, Montgomery c. h. and New-Dublin to Wythe c. h. once a week. Leave
Charlottesville every Friday by 2 p. m. arrive at Wythe c. h. the next Monday 8 p. m. Leave Wythe c. h. every Tuesday at 4 a. m. and arrive at Charlottesville next Friday by 10 a. m.
37. From Wythe c. h. by Abingdon, Sullivan c. h. Rossville, Hawkins c. h. Orefville and Rurledge to Knoxville once a week. Leave Wythe c. h. every Tuesday at 4 a. m. arrive at Knoxville next Friday by 10 a. m. Leave Knoxville every Friday at 2 p. m. arrive at Wythe c. h. the next Monday by 8 p. m.
38. From Staunton by Kinkead's, Warm Springs or Bath c. h. Morris's, Callaghan's and Sulphur Springs to Lewisburg and from thence by Union-town and the Sweet Springs, Callaghan's, and the same route from thence to Staunton once a week. Leave Staunton every Saturday at 11 a. m. arrive at Lewisburg on Monday by 10 p. m. Leave Lewisburg every Tuesday at 6 a. m. and arrive at Staunton the next Saturday at 8 a. m.
39. From Lewisburg by Bowyers, Huffs and Morris's to Kanawha c. h. once in two weeks. Leave Lewisburg every other Tuesday at 6 a. m. arrive at Kanawha c. h. on Thursday at 4 p. m. Leave Kanawha c. h. every other Friday at 6 a. m. arrive at Lewisburg next Monday by 6 p. m.
40. From Fredericksburg by Thornburg, Chichester, Chesterfield c. h. Oxford, Crewltore, Goochland c. h. Columbia, Yanceyville, Louisa c. h. Hyde's old Store, and Spottsylvania c. h. to Fredericksburg once a week, to pass from Fredericksburg alternately by Spottsylvania c. h. and by Thornburg. Leave Fredericksburg every Tuesday at 11 a. m. and arrive at Goochland c. h. on Thursday by 6 p. m. Leave Goochland c. h. every Friday at 6 a. m. arrive at Fredericksburg the next Tuesday by 7 a. m.
41. From Fredericksburg by Port-Royal, Layton's, Lloyd's, Tappahannock, Urbanna, Shackelford's and Gloucester c. h. to York-town once a week. Leave Fredericksburg every Wednesday at 2 p. m. arrive at Tappahannock on Thursday at 6 p. m. Leave Tappahannock at 7 p. m. arrive at York-town on Saturday by 6 p. m. Returning—Leave York-town every Saturday at 6 p. m. arrive at Tappahannock on Monday by 7 p. m. Leave Tappahannock at 8 p. m. arrive at Fredericksburg on Wednesday by 10 a. m.
42. From Fredericksburg by King George c. h. Broadfield, Mattox Bridge, Leeds-town, Templeman's Cross Roads, Richmond c. h. Farnham, Kinfaile, and Northumberland c. h. to Lancaster c. h. once a week. Leave Fredericksburg every Wednesday at 2 p. m. arrive at Lancaster c. h. the next Saturday by 6 p. m. Returning—Leave Lancaster c. h. every Saturday at 10 p. m. and arrive at Fredericksburg the next Wednesday by 10 a. m.
43. From Richmond by Goochland c. h. and Columbia to Charlottesville once a week. Leave Richmond every Wednesday noon and arrive at Charlottesville on Friday by 10 a. m. Leave Charlottesville every Friday at 2 p. m. arrive at Richmond on Monday at 6 a. m.
44. From Charlottesville by Warren, Warminster, New-Market, New-Glasgow and Madison to Lynchburg once a week. Leave Charlottesville every Friday at 2 p. m. arrive at Lynchburg on Monday by 5 p. m. Leave Lynchburg every Wednesday noon, arrive at Charlottesville on Friday by 10 a. m.
45. From Richmond by Hopkins' Powhatan c. h. Carterville, New-Canton, Buckingham c. h. Bent Creek, Lynchburg, New-London and Liberty to Fincastle once a week. Leave Richmond every Wednesday at noon, arrive at Powhatan c. h. on Thursday at 9 a. m. arrive at Fincastle the next Saturday by 6 a. m. Returning—Leave Fincastle every Saturday at 10 p. m. arrive at Powhatan c. h. the next Tuesday by 3 p. m. Leave Powhatan c. h. at 4 p. m. and arrive at Richmond on Wednesday by 10 a. m.
46. From Liberty by Rocky Mount to Henry c. h. once a week. Leave Liberty every Saturday at 1 p. m. arrive at Henry c. h. on Sunday by 6 p. m. Leave Henry c. h. every Friday at 6 a. m. arrive at Liberty on Saturday by 11 a. m.
47. From Powhatan c. h. by Cumberland c. h. Ca Ira, Farmville, Prince Edward c. h. and Charlotte c. h. to Halifax c. h. once a week. Leave Powhatan c. h. every Thursday at 10 a. m. arrive at Halifax c. h. on Saturday by 4 p. m. Leave Halifax c. h. every Saturday at 10 p. m. arrive at Powhatan the next Tuesday by 1 p. m.
48. From Halifax c. h. by Halifax old town, Pittsylvania c. h. Peytonburg, Henry c. h. Patrick c. h. Billop's Furnace, N. C. to Germanton, N. C. once a week. Leave Halifax c. h. every Saturday at 10 p. m. arrive at Germanton the next Wednesday by 10 a. m. Leave Germanton every Wednesday at 2 p. m. arrive at Halifax the next Saturday by 8 p. m.
49. From Halifax c. h. to Danville once a week. Leave Danville every Saturday at 6 a. m. arrive at Halifax c. h. by 4 p. m. Leave Halifax c. h. every Saturday at 8 p. m. arrive at Danville on Sunday by 6 p. m.
(To be Continued.)
REMOVAL.
SPERRY & BARNES, BALTIMORE.
Have removed to No. 135, MARKET STREET, next door to Evans's Tavern.
AND HAVE FOR SALE,
A VARIETY OF
GERMAN LINENS, VIZ:—
Creas la Morlaix Casterillos Plaitillas Lufados Britanicas Entitled to drawback. Peaten, No. 2. Checks and Stripes Dowias
A. L. S. O.
Ofsal rigs Warble & cake irons Towelling Scythes Back laces Gun locks White edgings Nuremberg wares Ribbands, assorted Looking glass Do. black Toilette Goleon plating Looking glass plates Tapes, plain and fringed Burning glasses Bobbins, No. 1, 7 & 107 China, be-craft & Glaves and mittens dinner sets Silver and gilt-hands Decanters, cut, pint and Gilt-taffels and half Beads, of every description Harkness oil, in small Necklaces cases Garnets Umbrellas, quart Coffee mills, assorted pine & half pint below glass, &c
AND NOW LANDING
From the barque Drey, Freunde, From
Hamburg.
Tapes and Laces, and 300 boxes of best Bohemia window glass, assorted, as follows:— 8-10, 9-12, 10-12, 12-14, 12-16, 12-18, 14-16, 14-20, 18-24 20-24, 24-30, 24-32. And from on board the snow Almy, from
Liverpool.
Printed cotton handkerchiefs and shawls, Satin and file ditto. Banlanes and sewing files, and A few well-chosen towing pieces, single and double barreled, of various prices—and Duling pistols. All which, with a few cases of assorted decanters, tumblers and wine glasses, in packages for family use, are offered to Shipping and Country Merchants, on the lowest terms and liberal credit. Oct. 13th aw6yr.
New Invention.
The IMPROVED SAW-MILL, for which the subscriber has obtained a Patent.
THIS improvement saves the sawyer much labour, and the work is also much more expedited. The log being flabb'd, turned down, and the saw started, the whole operation proceeds without further manual aid; for, the instant the cut is finished, the log moves back, and at the same time is guaged to the utmost exactness by the machine, ready for another cut in two thirds of a minute. The saw resumes its action in the log, and thus moves in alternate succession until the whole be cut up in any given dimensions, at which time the mill shuts up if required, or at any number of cuts for which the sawyer prepares, for his attendance is unnecessary.
Any person or persons inclining to purchase the privilege of erecting this valuable and simple machine, or of adding the improvement, which may readily be affixed to any Saw Mill already in use, will please to apply to the subscriber at Wm Brandywine Bridge, on the Philadelphia and Lancaster turnpike road, Pennsylvania; or by application to Dr. Thornton, City of Washington, who is complete operating model may be seen which saws in the most exact manner, and performs all the various movements of a large saw mill. He will also furnish the drawings and description.
In consequence of numerous applications from persons whose saw-mills are not in constant operation, and to render the benefit more extensive, I have thought it proper to reduce the price of the privilege to eighty dollars; and I will return twenty dollars to every person who has already purchased the improvement at one hundred, that no discrimination may be made. The improvement may cost about twenty dollars. The castings may be had already executed, at the City of Washington, at prime cost. MOSES COATES. August 2, 1802. raw
LAND FOR SALE.
The subscriber offers for sale the tract of Land where he now lives, lying in King George County, on Potomac Creek, containing eleven hundred and ten acres;—This Land is very heavily timbered with all the different kinds of timber common to this climate, and a rich soil. Is bounded by the creek about three quarters of a mile, where the water is from eight to ten feet deep. There is an excellent Reef-fishery on it, and at the fishing there (which is considered a good hand for a fisher) there is a store, a dwelling house, kitchen, stable, and corn-house, a good garden, &c. About a mile from the Creek is a good dwelling house, containing five rooms, every convenient out-house, a well enclosed yard, garden, &c. at present occupied by the Subscriber. From the situation of this land the goodness of its soil (which is adapted to the growth of corn, wheat, and tobacco) the quantity of wood it contains, its contiguity to the water, and facility of conveyance to Alexandria and the City of Washington, induces the subscriber to believe that he will meet with a ready sale, as he is determined to take a moderate price to induce a speedy sale. For terms apply to Daniel C. Brent, Esq. and Mr. Jeremiah Booth, of the City of Washington, or to the Subscriber, or in his absence, to Mr. John Murphy, who lives on the premises. LEWIS WAUGH. October 11th, 1802. raw
NOTICE.
THE subscriber intends to petition the Washington County Court, at their next meeting, for License to keep the ferry from George Town to Virginia, known by the name of Beatty's Ferry. JOHN KENNEDY. Sept. 13, 1802.