The gazette (Portland, Me.), 1798-08-20 00:00:00

The Gazette.
By ELEZER ALLEY JENKS, Portland, Maine.
[NUMBER 17.]
[VOLUME 1.]
Monday, August 20, 1798.
A Hint.
MR. JENKS, As many towns in this District have not yet strictly attended to that part of the Militia Law, directing a supply of ammunition, &c you are requested to publish the section making such provision. It is most earnestly hoped that the proper officers will pay every attention to it at this interesting and alarming crisis.
WATCHMAN.
SECTION 37.
"And be it further enacted, That every town within this Commonwealth, shall be constantly provided with sixty four pounds of good gunpowder, one hundred pounds of musket balls, one hundred flints, and three tin or iron camp kettles, for every sixty four soldiers in the Militia of such town, enrolled as aforesaid; and the same proportion of each of the aforesaid articles for a greater or lesser number: And every town which shall neglect to keep constantly provided with the said articles, shall forfeit and pay for the use of the Commonwealth, for every sixty four men in such town which shall be unprovided with said articles, the sum of six pounds, to be recovered by presentment in the Court of General Sessions of the Peace, in the county to which such town shall belong: And it shall be the duty of the Brigade Inspector annually to inspect the magazines of each town within the brigade to which he belongs, and to make complaint to the Grand Jury of the county against all towns which shall neglect to keep constantly provided as aforesaid."
Explanatory Article,
To be added to the Treaty of Amity, Commerce and Navigation between the United States and his Britannic Majesty.
WHEREAS by the twenty eighth article of the treaty of Amity, Commerce and Navigation, between his Britannic Majesty and the United States signed at London on the nineteenth day of Nov. one thousand seven hundred and ninety four, it was agreed, that the contracting parties would from time to time, readily treat of and concerning such further Articles, as might be proposed, that they would sincerely endeavour to form such Articles, as that they might conduce to mutual convenience, and tend to promote mutual satisfaction and friendship;—and that such Articles, after having been duly ratified, should be added to and make a part of that Treaty. And whereas difficulties have arisen with respect to the execution of so much of the Fifth Article of the said Treaty, as requires that the Commissioners appointed under the same, should in their description particularize the latitude and longitude of the source of the River, which may be found to be the one truly intended in the Treaty of Peace, between his Britannic Majesty and the United States, under the name of the River St. Croix, by reason whereof it is expedient, that the said Commissioners should be released from the obligation of conforming to the provisions of the said Article in this respect. The undersigned being respectively named by his Britannic Majesty and the United States of America, their Plenipotentiaries for the purpose of treating of and concluding such Articles as may be proper to be added to the said Treaty, in conformity to the above mentioned stipulation, and having communicated to each other in their respective full powers, have agreed and concluded, and do hereby declare in the name of his Britannic Majesty and of the United States of America—That the commissioners appointed under the 5th Article of the above mentioned Treaty shall not be obliged to particularize, in their description, the latitude and longitude of the source of the river, which may be found to be the one truly intended in the aforesaid Treaty of Peace, under the name of the River St. Croix, but they shall be at liberty to describe the said river, in such other manner, as they may judge expedient, which description shall be considered as a complete execution of the duty required of the said Commissioners in this respect by the article aforesaid. And to the end that no uncertainty may hereafter exist on this subject, it is further agreed, That as soon as may be after the decision of the said Commissioners, measures shall be concerted between the Government of the United States and his Britannic Majesty's Governors in America, in order to erect and keep in repair a suitable monument at the place ascertained and described to be the source of the said River St. Croix, which measures shall immediately thereupon, and as often afterwards as may be requisite, be duly executed on both sides with punctuality and good faith.
This explanatory Article, when the same shall have been ratified by his Majesty and by the President of the United States, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate and the respective ratifications mutually exchanged, shall be added to and make a part of the Treaty of Amity, Commerce and Navigation between his Majesty and the United States, signed at London on the nineteenth day of November, one thousand seven hundred and ninety four, and shall be permanently binding upon his Majesty and the United States.
In witness whereof, We the said undersigned Plenipotentiaries of his Britannic Majesty and the United States of America have signed this present Article, and have caused to be affixed thereto the seal of our arms. Done at London this fifteenth day of March, one thousand seven hundred and ninety eight.
(Signed) GRENVILLE. (L. S.) RUFUS KING. (L. S.)
Science of Electricity.
From the Columbian Centinel. Mr. Ruff—Pursuant to a vote of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, at their last meeting, I have to request you to publish in the Columbian Centinel, the following communication from the Hon. Loammi Baldwin, suggesting an improved mode of constructing Lightning Rods.
JOHN DAVIS, Rev. Sec.
Boston, July 30, 1798.
Woburn, January 25, 1797.
SIR, THE partial effects of the electrical rods, which have been erected for the protection of buildings, &c. have led me to think, that they are not upon the best construction, especially those that terminate in one point.
The philosophy of electricity seems to be developed in much obscurity. Electric and non electric exist in nature—positive and negative, progress and direction are properties not without their evidence, yet want explanation.
From the experiments & observations which I have made, I am inclined to think, that upon the sudden assemblage of the clouds in the time of a thunder storm the electrical fluid is excited and disposed unequally, in strata, at different altitudes, which are continually varying their situation, according as the explosion of the lightning flings the power of attraction; and it is highly probable, that there are, at those times, strata of non-conducting atmosphere intervening between other strata differently affected: Now if this be really the case, and the height of the points of the rod do not happen to correspond with the level of the stratum affected, the use of the rod will in a great measure be lost.
It is a well known fact, that the electrical fluid enters and escapes by points and angles more readily than by spherical terminations.
From these circumstances I think it must appear that an electrical rod, prepared like the table which accompanies this paper, would be better adapted to equalize the fluid, than the common cylindrical rod in use; for the infinity of the points, or rather the continuation of them, from the bottom to the top of the rod, provides for the entrance or escape of the fluid of any stratum however affected, at any level, at or below the summit point, which I think must be considered an additional advantage; at any rate, such a rod will as well as the other kind.
I gentlemen would make this addition when they erect any new rod, the effect would soon be known, and it is my opinion that a rod might be denominated, in the manner proposed, at less expense than square bars could be reduced into a cylindrical form.
A rod upon these principles, may be prepared in the following manner. Take a number of square bars of iron, as they come to our market of almost an inch in thickness, and connect them together by a scarfed or haunched joint at the ends securing them with screws. When a sufficient number of bars are thus connected, to make the height intended, (which should always be as high as the rod can possibly be sustained) then take them asunder at the joints and place each single bar, in succession on a blacksmith's vice, with the jaws about half an inch apart, one angle of the bar to rest between without bruising, while the workman proceeds with a cold chisel, well prepared to raise a barb at the distance of every inch or half inch; and when that corner is done, bring up another angle in the same position, and so proceed until the whole is finished.
Rods upon this construction may terminate with three points, but I should prefer a light star or glory at the top of the rod, and the lower end sunk pretty deep in the earth, perhaps to a level with the springs of winter, and the hole filled up with charcoal about the rod.
Perhaps in some particular states of the atmosphere, such a rod might assist in restoring the equilibrium of the fluid among the strata differently affected, by its entering at one place in the rod and escaping at another, whilst the earth remained neutral.
If you should think that any thing can be collected from these hints to improve the Electrical Rod, I am willing they should be communicated to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences for their consideration.
I am, with much respect, Sir,
Your most obedient humble servant.
LOAMMI BALDWIN.
Rev. JOSEPH WITTELAND, D. D. Vice President of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.
Commercial Information.
To those Merchants of the United States, who have suffered from the illegal capture of their property by British vessels of war.
FELLOW CITIZENS,
FROM the inquiries daily made, by letter or in person, respecting the claims lately under my care, it has occurred to me that by presenting to your view some information, and some remarks, the result of more than three years acquaintance with the business, I might render service to many, with whom I have not the means of a personal intercourse.
It is necessary to remind you that the only cases which the government of the United States consider as peculiarly under its charge, and for the costs in which it has made itself responsible, are those in which the capture took place, from the commencement of the present war between Great Britain and France, to the exchange of the ratifications of the late treaty between the United States and Great Britain, viz. the 28th October, 1795. All cases of his description, and no others, are within the cognizance of the board of commissioners appointed agreeably to the provisions of the 7th article of the late treaty with Great Britain. When I left England in March last, it was expected that all cases within this class would, in a short time, be laid before the board of commissioners, for decision—that awards would be made in the greater part of them—and that such sums as might be awarded would be paid in the course of the present year.
In these cases the papers were left in charge of my successor, Samuel Williams, Esq. with whom the parties concerned (whose business is not in the hands of private agents) will in future correspond on the subject of their respective claims. There are very few instances, I presume, in which claims have not already been instituted for losses arising from captures made prior to the 28th October, '95. Should any such, however, exist, the parties interested are reminded that no claims can be received by the board of commissioners after the 10th of October next. The two years allowed by the treaty for the exhibition of claims before this board, will then expire.
In all cases where the capture has been made subsequently to the 28th October, '95, it is expected that the American claimants will employ their own private agents, and will prosecute their appeals at their own expense.
It is now generally known through the United States, that all appeals from the sentences of British courts of vice admiralty, legally constituted, must be entered and prosecuted in England. That regularly the appeal should be there entered, within nine months from the date of the sentence in the vice admiralty court—where a claim has been made, and in twelve months where no such claim was made.
In too many instances the parties have unfortunately thought it sufficient to enter their appeals in the vice admiralty courts, under a persuasion that by this means their right to prosecute the same in the high court of appeals was secured. With many this proved a most costly error.
The effect of such a step amounts only to a formal notice of an intention to prosecute the appeal in question. In every case of appeal from the sentence of a legal vice admiralty court, the inhibition should be extracted from the registry of the high court of admiralty in London, within a year from the date of the sentence appealed from. To this rule the lords of appeal have of late very rigidly adhered. Several recent cases have occurred in which claimants by accident or want of information, having been prevented from entering their appeals in London, within the time prescribed by law, have lost their right and been refused the liberty of appealing.
To persons interested in cases of this description it will be pleasing to learn that late accounts from London advise, that on the representation of the Minister of the United States, an act of parliament has passed authorizing the high court of appeals in prize causes, to admit appeals in cases where the parties have been prevented by unavoidable impediments from entering their appeals in due season.
But great care should be taken by claimants to set forth under oath or affirmation, clearly and fully, those circumstances which have operated to prevent their obtaining from the registry of the high court of admiralty in London, an inhibition within the nine or twelve months (as the case may be) from the date of the sentence of the vice admiralty court.
Such of my fellow citizens as have suffered by recent captures, and such whose property may in future be captured by British cruisers, should with the least possible delay, after receiving advice of the capture or condemnation of their property, write to their agent or correspondent in London, stating distinctly as they can from the information transmitted them:
1. The name of the vessel captured, and of her master.
To be Sold, by the Subscriber,
A QUANTITY OF
St. Croix RUM,
the hoghead or barrel—Also, a number of barrels MIDDLING PORK—Likewise, a
HOP in Fish-street, to let.
THOMAS SANFORD.
Portland, August 1, 1798.
Clear the Streets!
THE Subscriber, Surveyor of the Highways in the southern district, requests the owners of Lumber, rocks, &c which lie in the streets of said district, to remove the same without delay; otherwise they will be removed at the expence of the owners.—Federal and Union streets are much incumbered.
H. WHEELER.
Portland, August 9, 1798.
Stone Lime.
Jonathan Bryant, has for sale at his Store and Lime kiln, fresh LIME, which he will warrant to be of the first quality. Portland, July 30.
List of Letters,
Remaining in the Post-Office at, Wells, July 25 1798.
ADAM Clark, Wells.—John Elwell, Kennebec.—Capt. Benjamin Mason, Arundel.—Thomas Marshall, Kennebec.—Jonathan Stevens, Hannah Symons, both of Wells.
Nathan Longfellow's Estate.
NOTICE is hereby given, that the Commissioners appointed by the Hon. STEPHEN JONES, Esq. Judge of Probate for the District of Washington, to receive and examine the claims to the several Creditors to the Estate of Nathan Longfellow, late of Machias, deceased, represented intestate, that they will at the house of RAPEL BOWLES, Esq. at said Machias, the 1st Tuesday in September next, and the five following months, from two o'clock until five o'clock in the afternoon on said days. Machias, 17th July, 1798.
Soldiers Wanted!
BY an act of Congress of the 27th of April last, the President of the United States is authorized to engage, by voluntary enlistment, an additional regiment of
Artillerists & Engineers,
to serve for the term of 5 years, unless sooner discharged. PORTLAND is established as the principal place of rendezvous, for the recruits raised in the District of Maine; where provisions, clothing, and other necessaries are provided for them; and to which all persons, who are properly qualified, and who are ambitious to serve their country, are invited to repair. It is requisite that all recruits (except musicians) be 5 feet 6 inches in height—above 18 and under 45 years of age—healthy and robust—able to bear the fatigues, and to acquire the honors of soldiers. Each recruit will be entitled to 12 dollars bounty—six only of which will be paid him at the time of enlistment; the other six will be paid him on his union with the regiment, or be included in the first monthly pay roll. His daily rations will consist of one pound and a quarter of beef, or three quarters of a pound of pork, eighteen ounces of bread or flour, and one gill of rum, brandy or whiskey, exclusive of a proportionable allowance of salt, vinegar, soap, and candles. He will receive yearly the following articles of clothing, viz. one blanket, one hat, one flock and clasp, one coat, one vest, four shirts, two pair of woollen and two pair of linen overalls, four pair of socks or stockings, four pair of shoes, and one pair of buckles. The monthly pay of the recruits is established as follows, viz. Serjeants, 8 dollars; Corporals, 7 dollars; Musicians, 6 dollars; and Privates 5 dollars. A number of artificers, such as Wheelwrights, Blacksmiths, Carpenters, and Armourers, are also wanted; and their monthly pay will be 10 dollars. None but such as have served regular apprenticeships in their respective trades, need make application. These several descriptions of men if they have an inclination to engage in service, may apply to the subscriber at the COLUMBIAN TAVERN, in Portland.
AMOS STODDARD,
Capt ad Regiment, United States Art. & Engineers. Portland, August 1, 1798.

2. Of the owner or owners of the same with clear account of the property, claimed, that has been legally condemned.
3. The name of the captor.
4. And (as nearly as can be ascertained) the substance of the decree of the vice-admiralty court.
This information will always be sufficient to obtain an inhibition, and to secure the entry of an appeal—after which the parties as opportunities present, may procure authentic copies of the proceedings of the court below, and transmit them to the agents in London.
In order to obtain those copies of proceedings before the vice-admiralty court, the lords of appeal hold it necessary that the persons applying for the same should tender payment for them; otherwise, the registers of the different courts are not bound to deliver the copies required.
It is necessary to observe, that what has been said above is applicable only to appeals from the sentences of vice-admiralty courts, legally constituted. Where proceedings have been had before a court without authority (such as the one now held at Cape N. Mole, by the pretended Judge Combauld) no appeal lies. The proceedings in such cases are considered as void, and the parties must institute their claims in the high court of admiralty in London. There is no precise time limited for making such claims, but the interest of the parties will naturally dictate every decree of expedition that is practicable. The copies of proceedings before such court are not indispensably necessary, but they may prove useful. Every kind of proof in the possession of the claimants, legally authenticated, should be forwarded to London with the least delay possible.
To the further proof that is frequently ordered by the high courts of admiralty and of appeals, and that may be directed by the board of commissioners, the earliest and most particular attention should be given. It is not useful for the British courts of admiralty to specify the nature or degree of the further proof required.
They leave this to the judgment of the claimant and his counsel. If dissatisfied with the further proof, they not unfrequently require still further proof. In cases of this kind the claimants should without delay, furnish the best evidence in his power. We should send duplicates and triplicates of this evidence, duly authenticated, by different conveyances, & should satisfy himself that one of these copies had been received by his agent and put into his proctor's hands. His proctor should be directed to submit it to counsel, and have its deficiencies (if any should exist) distinctly pointed out. The claimant should be advised of these immediately, and should supply them, if in his power, by the first conveyance.
Early provision should also be made for defraying the heavy expenses that attend the prosecution of a suit in the British courts of admiralty.
The usual costs in a suit before the court of admiralty are from 150 to 200l. and in the court of appeals from 250 to 300l. sterl. Of these sums the proctors expect an advance from 1/4 to 1/2, and when a decree is obtained a settlement of their entire bill.
Although the charge of this business (in consequence of the permission given me to return home) has devolved on another, yet feeling still interested in the success of the American claims, I shall on all occasions be happy in aiding those who have suffered by the illegal capture or condemnation of their property; but it is requested that such persons as write to me on the subject of their respective business, will direct to me under cover to the Secretary of State.
I shall be excused for adding that the utmost confidence may be reposed in the attention and exertions of my successor, and that he will at all times receive every necessary assistance which the eminent talents, zeal and prudence of the minister of the United States can afford.
SAMUEL BATARD.
Philadelphia, August 1, 1798.
Letter
To the Society of QUAKERS in America.
I AM one of those who entertain the highest respect for your society, and think your principles more favorable to humanity, and more conformable to the true doctrines of Christ, than any other sect in the world; but there is one of your tenets which I always considered as a mere prejudice, and one so particularly dangerous at the present time, that I feel it incumbent on me to give you my sentiments on it. It is your total disapprobation of war, either just or unjust.
Attend for a moment to a friend and fellow-citizen. It is our duty at all times to listen to reason; but the time is now arrived when this prejudice, if proved to be such, makes the man criminal who indulges it. Be not offended neither that I call it so, for prejudices are common to all mankind, and the your society is eminently raised above the general lowliness and depravity of the world, you will surely never think yourselves exempt from the weaknesses of human nature.
Your opinion of the unlawfulness of war, is chiefly founded upon the injunction of our Saviour in the 5th chapter of Matthew, where he tells them to resist not evil, but whosoever shall smite thee on the right cheek, turn to him the other also, &c.—Now what has this prohibition to do with war? It is private, not public, revenge that Christ forbids. It is by smiting the cheek that
individuals avenge their private quarrels; but it is not, nor ever has been, the mode of warfare between nations. Christ says further, If any man take away thy coat, give him thy cloak also, and whosoever shall compel thee to go a mile, go with him twain. What an unreasonable perversion of the sense of the scriptures it is, to suppose this sentence contains the most distant allusion to the operations of war. Is a public enemy ever sued at the law? Or is it by taking away their coats, and cloaks, that we oppose a hostile army?—Surely not. It is clear that he alludes to the bickerings between individuals; for it is the battles of individuals only that answer this description. If Christ had meant that his prohibition should embrace an object of such magnitude as the rights of nations, he would have been more explicit: and not have left such a mighty evil to be done away by the feeble influence of a forced implication. We know that all gross crimes are forbidden to individuals in express terms; then why not war, in which so many thousands engage, and which, if it be of itself sinful, makes whole nations of sinners at a stroke? Even in the (formerly) innocent practice of taking oaths, he takes care that words should be decisive. He commands, Swear not at all. The phrase 'not at a time' implies every occasion. I will therefore allow that swearing is unlawful, tho' it be in a court of justice. In short, many of your tenets are reasonable, and a manifest improvement of former religions; but the opinion in question is certainly erroneous.
Barclay, in his 'Apology for the doctrines of the Quakers' says, in defence of this principle, that 'if the magistrate' (meaning any governing power in a country) 'be truly a Christian, he ought himself to obey the commands of Christ, viz. Love thine enemies, by which he could not mean that we should kill them.' I am sorry that such an able defender of your tenets should, in this case, have used such a frivolous argument. I answer it by the remark I made before, that it is your own private enemies, and not the enemies of your country that are here meant. But allowing him to have spoken of the public enemy, I say that the remark of Barclay is inconsiderate, and shews that he did not attend to the distinction between the duties of a public officer and a private man. A magistrate is merely an instrument of the public; and when he declares war, it is not for personal vengeance, but public utility. He may follow the dictate of Christ in loving his enemies, and yet act for the welfare of his constituents. He may also bear a sincere love to the enemies of his country, and at the same time he may, without violation of the divine law, take care that they do not lay waste the liberty and happiness of his native land. I would ask you, my friends, whether it is shewing 'love to our enemies' to let their ambition run on to a height of madness, destructive not only of ourselves, but of their own morality, and their own peace of mind? Rather say, to evince a proper love to them, would be to restrain their criminal barbarity, and render them less odious in the sight of God.
But whatever your sentiments may be in regard to just wars in general, you cannot but be sensible that the war that this country is now entering into with France, is a war of a peculiar nature, and by no means liable to the common objection. It is not simply a just, it is an indispensable war, on the success of which depends not only the welfare of the country, but that very religion which you so forbid you to mix in it. Consider the danger your own society stands in. Call to mind the disposition of the enemy, as displayed in all those countries where their arms have succeeded. Has not their principle aim been to overturn every thing sacred? Have they not declared themselves a nation of infidels, and at war with the whole religious world? You cannot think that if they conquer this country, they will treat you with more respect; neither can you think that the Almighty will perform miracles to save you. Miracles are not experienced in the present day; events are brought about by natural causes; and your safety in the struggle must depend upon your own exertions.
If you dreaded the evil of war as much as I do, you would come forward at once, and show yourselves to the enemy. The appearance of spirit amongst us will do much to keep them away. Our country, to be sure, with the present unexampled firmness and union of its citizens, has nothing to fear from an ordinary force; but the armies of France are immense, and if they do land upon our territory, they will give employment to every one of us.
War ought always to be put an end to as soon as possible, because, amongst other bad effects, it corrupts the morals of a country in a degree that no victories can recompense; and every man who thinks a contest just, ought to join to help it on, and bring it to a speedy conclusion. But this attack from the French infidels, as I said before, is peculiarly pernicious: It cuts up morality and religion by the root, and abolishes every principle of honesty and honor. On this consideration, I really think it is deserting the cause of God not to join in repelling it.
Only picture to yourselves an abandoned French soldiery, in possession of our principal cities, and committing all those shameful excesses which characterize them. Surely no man can contemplate such a scene without horror, or without endeavouring to prevent it with all his soul, and with all his strength. To beat them off, I will venture to say, will be the saving of hundreds of souls. Such a mass of corruption must necessarily taint some of us; it cannot be otherwise. You know the force of example;
and what must be the dreadful effects of fifty or a hundred thousand atheistical introduced into our country, confirmed by a seven years war, in all the vices of pillage, drunkenness, murder and ravishment? These are the calamities that French troops bring along with them wherever they gain footing.—Do not therefore determine to view their progress without opposing it. If we wish for the help of God, we must all put our shoulders to the wheel. He will assist us only so far as to inspire us with courage to face the danger; and it is a folly to expect that he will intercede any other way. He will never build a balloon for us, and hold us suspended in the Heavens till the storm passes under us. But, unless you are waiting for some such event, whence is it that you refuse to act, and forbid every member of society, upon pain of expulsion, to bear arms for his country.
A JERSEY-MAN.
FOR THIS GAZETTE.
To every Federalist in the United States.
GENTLEMEN,
HAVE deferred addressing you for a long time in hopes some lucky chance would turn that I might have a better opportunity of being heard; but seeing no prospect of that, I am resolved to put it off no longer; for the evil of which I am about to complain, has got to be palpable. Not to stand dallying in a preamble, I will at once make it known that we government haters to a man do take it as an affair worthy to be grumbled at, that we must be dinned every day of our lives, from grog-shops, from taverns, from turns and corners, from the streets and highways, from newspapers, and from the pulpit itself with the discordant and rascally sound of Jacobins. You, gentlemen, have no idea how this horrid sound grates upon our nerves and sets our teeth a chattering. Jacobin!—was it not for a single reason, which will come out before I have done, I would instantly turn Federalist merely to get rid of this cursed evil—this degrading epithet—this worse than death. Jacobin! I had rather be called Belzebub. But I will try to be calm, and tell you of what kind of folks our party is formed, compounded and made up: hoping thereby to convey so much light into your heads as will compel you to bestow an epithet somewhat less asperating. Our party then is made up of—
First. The men of noise. I happen to be one of them. We join the party for two reasons—first, because our talents are in no demand on your side, and, secondly, because they are in great demand on ours. And this is the reason hinted at above why I don't join you. I am one of the heads of our party, but should be viewed as in the lowest grade of yours. You all know what Cæsar said. And here I can't help triumphing over some of your party who have been upon a wrong scent in fixing upon Squire W. and Capt. W. as the heads of our folks in Boston: these gentlemen, tho' of excellent use in their places, are but in the second and third grades;—no, 'tis the worthy Mr. Z—r U—r who holds the first rank; he being allowed to take the lead upon this head by at least three bars length.
Secondly. The man who claims the next rank can boast that he is neither Christian, jew, mahometan nor pagan: but has the honor to be of the same religion with a hog; and, like his master Volney and a hundred others—all very worthy gentlemen, and all Frenchmen—expects to die exactly like one. These excellent people are of our party for the same reason that episcopalian were tories in 1775.
Thirdly. and lastly. This rank is composed of those valuable people who can vaunt that their whole stock of goodness lies entirely in themselves:—being so extremely lucky as to be free and clear of most encumbrances of the truth of this world. In the name of our whole party, I hereby acknowledge that we are indebted to them to the full amount of four sevenths of our whole phalanx. We also consider them as the Sans Culottes of our party; and tho' they take the last rank here in the cabinets, they will take the first in the field. They fall in with us for a most substantial and conclusive reason. I said they were so lucky as to possess no trash of their own: they are still more lucky in having laudable and strong cravings for that of their neighbours. Now if we once can set the revolutionary wheel a going, it may possibly turn out something to satisfy these considerable cravings. Is not this very natural? and does it not exactly tally with the principles of those very worthy gentlemen in all great cities who nocturnally cry Robbery in the streets?—You will note that every individual is not composed of a simple ingredient; some indeed are, but many are so happy as to partake of two and even of all three of them. Thus, for the reason above stated, I have told you all about who and what we are: and am confident I have done it in such a manner as to be believed; and that not only by the whole of our party, but also by seven eighths of yours;—my meaning is, I have told the truth. And now, gentlemen, I don't ask you to call us brothers, friends, or fellow citizens—but I entreat you to baptize us anew:—call us Frog-Eaters, Monkeys, Mollochs, Boreas, Atheists, Sans culottes, Demons, Infidels, Ragamuffins—only for mercy's sake, for pity's sake, and for God's sake don't call us Jacobins. When you leave gentlemen I will venture for once to assume the name of
An Empty Hoghead.
Portland, Aug. 18th.
THE LAST MAILS, Furnish no intelligence from Europe later than has been already communicated. There is reason soon to expect something highly interesting from the agitated quarter of the globe. Peace must be entirely out of our thoughts until a check is given to insolent, and rapacious and mercenary France. Philadelphia writer says, "That there is a new coalition forming against the infernal power is confirmed from every quarter. We have as yet no certain advice of the effect produced in the Directory, [directory] by the measures adopted in America; and therefore it is impossible to say what they may do respecting us. It is by some conjectured, that they will stoop, wheedle, fawn & coax their "dear allies" back again. That they are base enough to do this, is well known; but I think they are too cunning. Such a step would sink them in the eyes of all Europe, and even of those of their own degraded slaves. The resistance of America, the manly and resolute conduct of the President, would become an example for other nations who have, like these States, long borne their insults and oppressions. All the world have seen with what contemptuously and contempt they have treated the humble solicitations of America, who has wearied the very echoes with her cries for reconciliation with the tyrants; and what then will be the effect of their bowing down before this humiliated power, the moment she has dared to raise her head? It will as I said before, serve as an example to those who wish to shake off their abomidable yoke, and cannot fail to rouse a spirit of resistance to them, in every country not completely under the terror of her arms. For these reasons they will be very unwilling to recede, particularly as, by the late papers, they seem to be full of confidence in their faction in this country. There are few party men who are not, at times, blinded. Their faction here is extremely cunning. It is composed of the most indefatigable rascals that ever existed, and I have not the least doubt that they possess very accurate information; but, their all the salvation of their very lives depends on the predominating influence of France, or in other words, a revolution in this country. The accounts therefore which they have given of their strength have been calculated to induce the tyrants not to give up the hope of accomplishing their plans, but rather to encourage them to send out aid as soon as possible. All the poor, the laborious, the hardy part of the people have been represented to them as devoted to their cause, and ready to take up arms not to oppose, but to join a French army.—With these false accounts before them, and with the certain fatal effects of turning tail on their minds, it is to be expected that they will hector, at least. If they should resolve on war, they will try their old trick once more. They will declare war against "John Adams and the British faction;" and will at the same time declare all the slaves in the southern states free. All the patriots will be encouraged to oppose the government, which they will call the Oligarchy, and they will declare them under the protection of France. This, unless they are restrained by a powerful combination in Europe, will most assuredly be the plan of operation." It is not yet known where Buonaparte has gone. It is interesting to Americans. The affairs of Ireland were detailed last week. Mr. Fox, at length gives up the French, and calls their system an execrable tyranny. Pichegrue, Barthelemy, and others have certainly escaped from banishment at Cayenne.
THE FRENCH WESTINDIES, are in a most distressing situation since the operation of the spirited measures.

adopted by our government: A letter from Cape Francois says, "Unless some carrier is respected and protected, should the non-intercourse act continue, I foresee misery and misfortunes, which from motives of humanity, I could wish to be averted from the people of any nation." Hedouville, Directorial agent in St. Domingo, with true French cunning, has issued his Arreter , inviting Americans to "supply the means of plundering themselves and friends;" and with promises as fair as ever were held out by a sharper to entrap an honest adventurer. This Hedouville, also gives an outline of the French character, and conduct, of late; which, had it been given by an American, would have been denounced as false and scandalous by our sapient Jacobin-French apologists.—He says, the piracies on American commerce have been committed by "a set of vagabonds , who have usurped the title of French corsairs, and who have delivered themselves up to excesses , which call down upon their heads the severity of the laws of all nations; who have exercised the most crying vexations , upon neutral vessels, even while entering the ports of the republic, and of nations allied to it, and at their departure from the same ports; who not content with pillaging them, abuse their crews; who have carried their inhumanity so far, and so far forgotten the principles adopted by the French nation, as to sell the miserable victims fallen under their power, and even to assassinate those to whom they owed testimonies of respect." This is the language of Hedouville; and he has in consequence called in all the picaroon shaving mills ; and given new directions to the regular privateers. All this is mere decoy— Starvation threatens the islands—Force and fraud have not been able to avert it.—Duplicity and cunning are now resorted to—But they come too late.—All intercourse with the islands is broken off by law; and it ought to be made death to supply them, through the medium of the neutral islands until Justice and Honor supply the places now filled by Robbery and perfidy.
It is said, that Hedouville and Toussaint have intimated, that should hostilities against France be resolved by the United States, the Cape should be declared a neutral and independent port.
THE UNITED STATES,
Are vigorously pursuing the means of defence, by land and by sea. The uncommon vigilance of all classes of people, will insure us that freedom and safety which is alone the reward of a moral and virtuous nation.
Governor Pinckney, of South Carolina lately called a meeting at his house of all the members of both branches of the legislature who were in town, to advise with them such measures as the important crisis demanded, for putting the State in a posture of defence. A very excellent arrangement was unanimously agreed to, authorizing the expenditure of a sum of money equal to the providing tents and camp equipage for the first quota of 80,000 militia; repairing the forts, building magazines, and mounting all the cannon in the State.
[This measure is worthy the imitation of every Governor in the Union.]
Governor Jay has convened the New York Legislature for similar purposes. The following patriotic passage appears in his speech:— "The great sovereign of the universe has given us independence, and to that inestimable gift has annexed the duty of defending it. We may be involved in a severe contest, but we have no reason to despair of success. The United States cannot be conquered but by civil discord under foreign direction; and it is useful to recollect, that to this cause all fallen republics have owed their destruction. History will declare to future ages, that the United States were as kind as a neutral nation could with justice be, to the republic of France, in the day when her destiny was doubtful. It is to be hoped that history will also declare, that when on the day of her power, France became tyrannical as well as triumphant, and had indecently required us to descend and take a place among her tributaries: the United States with great magnanimity and not with less wisdom, spurned her requisitions, and maintained their dignity."
The Yellow Fever,
Is again ravaging the city of Philadelphia. Official accounts confirm its mortality. The inhabitants are leaving the city as fast as possible. The physicians to stimulate them to flight are also quitting the city, as the only expedient whereby to give an effectual check to the ravages of contagion.
The Philadelphia papers of the 10th instant, state the burials of the last 24 hours, ending the preceding evening, to be thus—Grown persons 10—Children 8. The whole deaths in Philadelphia, from the 1st to the 8th inst. was, 23 grown persons, and 30 children. Total 53.
Boston Fever.
The Boston papers are silent on the subject of the fever. It is therefore impossible to give a statement of it; tho' it is thought to be alarming.
Attend to this Extract!
"We all need the best air. Pure air is the life of man. In pure air man lives upon half allowance, and without it dies while loaded with plenty. Good air makes the sick well, and the want of it makes the well sickly and debilitated. But to enjoy this parent of temporal blessings we must attend to our cellars, to our sculleries, to our yards, our drains and streets, and to every other object that impoverishes the atmosphere. Every object that pollutes the air must, if possible, be removed, or its influence be destroyed—For, but few souls can stay long in bodies, domesticated in the circle of adulterated, polluted air. As moral pollution destroys the soul of man, so natural pollution frequently destroys the body of man. Long life, according to the course of Providence, is generally connected with purity, temperance, industry and a wholesome air."
The Ship Carpenters, House Carpenters, Ma-fans, and Bricklayers, of New York have it in contemplation to form themselves into military companies, for the defence of their country, against foreign invasion, or next door traitors.
A ship to carry 20 guns is building at Wiscasset, for Mr. Abial Wood, jun. to protect the West India trade from that place.
Boston, Aug. 13.—A man was found dead last Friday, near the dock. The depositions before the Coroner, say, he must have been dead from six to ten days. The overseers ordered him to be buried on Bird-Island.—While a Mr. James Dill, and four others, were digging the grave, and Dill was bringing a large stone to place on the coffin, a sudden explosion of thunder was heard, and sharp lightning seen, but without any rain; when Dill was killed instantly, and Mr. Luddon, the Sexton, knocked down, and did not recover until three quarters of an hour.
Virulent complaints are uttered, by Jacobin railers, against the measures adopted by the Executive of the United States, to dismiss those from its employment, who make use of their influence in office, to weaken the energy of government, to destroy all confidence and to deceive the people. The conduct of our government is said to be unwarrantable and abusive in the highest degree, and epithets the most venomous have been belched out against it.—Who! but such as seek for degradation and the most abject servitude, can be so prostitute as to endeavor to justify and maintain such complaints? And who dares deny in the face and eyes of truth, that those who are friendly to our government, and feel an interest in its welfare, are the only proper persons to be concerned in the administration of it.
If publicly impeaching and continually railing at the measures of government—if a professed inimical disposition towards the official character of those who have ever proved faithful to their obligation in supporting the constitution, and who have been assiduous to preserve the honor, peace and prosperity of the Union, and the happiness of its citizens, can render a man's faith suspected who has sworn to support the constitution and government—if inflaming a jacobinical faction, and in the absence of others higher in influence with the party, leading it on, like a herd of fanatics in their frenzy to assault, and by every possible means to vilify our government, can disqualify one for employment in the service and support of that government, and if one thus disqualified, and who thus comes forward like a most dangerous enemy, ought to be dismissed from office with disgrace, which no friend to the security, happiness and peace of the people, or the prosperity and honor of government will contest, then the dismissions we hear so loudly condemned, are not only completely justified but indispensably necessary; and there remains no reasonable ground for complaint, except that they have been too long delayed.
[Eagle]
It affords pleasure to learn that Capt. Stoddard, of the Federal Artillerists and Engineers stationed in this town, has obtained about a dozen fine fellows for the service of the United States, who are now in complete uniform.—A Drummer and Fifer are very much wanted, to add to the respectability of the troops—who would find good encouragement by engaging in service.
Much praise is due to Capt. S. for his activity in procuring so respectable a number of soldiers in so short a time. It is a happy presage of military emulation in this district.
The fortifications of this place are in active progression.
Capt. Pote's Reprieve!
The Governor has granted the unfortunate Capt. Pote a reprieve until Thursday, the sixth day of September.
Bache, the notorious Jacobin printer in Philadelphia, has had a severe drubbing by a son of Mr. Fenno. It is thus these Jacobin scoundrels should be treated till they are less insolent. It is strange that they are suffered to exist.
The French know their Friends.
The late accounts received from Gaudaloupe state, that much dissatisfaction having appeared therein consequence of the suspension of intercourse with the United States, Victor Hugues had called together his troops, and read to them a paper containing intelligence which he said had just arrived from America. "That the French party in New York, headed by the Livingston family, had risen, and after a pitched battle with the Aristocrats, in which they killed eleven hundred, had taken possession of that city, and that flour and provisions would soon be as plenty as ever." Satisfied with this news and believing the cause in good hands, they had peaceably retired, and when the vessel departed every thing was perfectly tranquil.
A man who was driving a flock of sheep to Boston market on the 10th instant, stopped at Watertown for refreshment: sitting at the garret window, fell asleep, and in a dream it is supposed, thinking a dog was hunting his flock, jumped out of the window, broke both his thighs, and soon expired.
From the Mediterranean.
Capt. Hopkins, who arrived at Boston on Wednesday from Leghorn, was one of the first who armed in defence of his property and rights; and is the first to return from Europe, in evidence of the wisdom and policy of the measure. He informs, that on the 5th June, the French and Venetian fleet, amounting in ships of war and transports to 250 sail, passed by Leghorn, on their way up the Levant, destination unknown. Several French privateers were laying off Leghorn, watching the departure of neutral vessels; while coming out, several approached Capt. H. but observing his convoy and himself armed sheered off. On his outward bound passage, he fell in with a French Buckaneer, but on opening his port holes, and shewing a few guns the plunderers moved off.
The American Navy,
Increases very rapidly. In a few years it is hoped it will be established on a firm and liberal basis, adequate to the protection of our trade.
The United States, Commodore Barry, of 44 guns; the Constitution, Capt. Nicholson, of 44; the Constellation, Capt. Truxton, of 36; the Delaware, Ganges, General Greene, and Governor Taz, sloops of war, are cruising. The United States, and Delaware sloop are supposed to have gone to the West India latitudes. The Constellation has a cruising ground off the southern States; and the Constitution off the middle and northern States. The latter is to put at times into Newport, to receive orders.
Three ships are building at New York; a 44, a 36, and a 32, are in various stages of forwardness. The first is to be commanded by Capt. Talbot, the 32 by Capt. Morris.
The Herald, of 20 guns, and Pickering of 14, now lie in Boston harbour ready for sea.
"A Friendly Address," by the Buxton Committee, has been handed me for publication. After the decisive avowal of my politics, I did not expect to be troubled with pieces of this complexion. Did these persons expect that "a piece," and a "number of subscribers" would induce me to prostitute my press to the vile purpose of propagating Jacobin sentiments? They are assured of the contrary. When this paper cannot be supported without thus abusing the freedom of the press, I will seek other means for a subsistence.—A printer must be a fawning tool to become subservient to partisans; and he is unworthy of conducting a press, who has not spirit and independence to support its importance, and preserve it inviolate.
DIED—At Philadelphia, 30th ult. Mr. David Purnington, jun. of this town, aged 20 years, youngest son of David Purnington of Windham. At Falmouth, 10th inst. Mr. Webster Webb, son of Mr. William Webb.
In this town. Mr. John Burnham, jun. aged 24—Mils Mary Tibbetts, aged 20.—Mrs. Elizabeth Newman, wife of Mr. Cornelius Newman, aged 21.
Extract from an Ode to the Times.
"On the fierce whirlwind's nodding crest sublime, "Reptile of chaos; elaph-skin of time; "Grim from the pit of pandemonian race, "Begot by Sin on grisly Dea's embrace, "Fed by infatiate rapine, spoils of fame, "A phantasm hung, and JACOBIN his name."
Genteel Boarding.
Mrs. Anne Heyliger, respectfully informs the public, that she has opened a Boarding House at the north part of the town near Clay Cove, in the same building with Mr. Peter Billiard room.
Those gentlemen who may favor her with their custom may be accommodated with separate apartments—The price is three dollars per week.
Single meals will also be furnished at the shortest notice.—Every attention shall be paid, and the smallest favors thankfully received.
Portland August 20, 1798.
Thomas Slemons' Estate.
WE the subscribers, having been appointed by the Hon. William Gorham, Esq. to receive and examine the claims of creditors to the estate of THOMAS SLEMONS, late of Falmouth, yeoman, deceased, represented insolvent, do hereby give notice, that six months from the nineteenth day of June last, were allowed to said Creditors to bring in and prove their claims; and that we shall attend that service at the dwelling house of WILLIAM SLEMONS in said Falmouth, on the last Tuesday of this and the four following months, from nine to six o'clock.
ARCHELAUS LEWIS, ISAAC LOEDILL.
Falmouth, August 15th, 1798.
For Sale,
A smart Horse, six years old.
TO BE LET,
A convenient apartment under UNION SCHOOL—calculated for a large Store, and may be easily fitted for other purposes, a few months—Apply to
THOMAS M. PRENTISS.
Union-street, Portland, August 13, 1798.
Thomas Hodges' Estate.
THE Subscribers hereby give notice to all concerned, that they have been duly appointed Administrators on the Estate of THOMAS HODGES, late of Portland, in the county of Cumberland, deceased, and given bonds as the law directs. They therefore call upon all persons who are indebted to said Estate, to make payment without delay.
JANE HODGES, STEPHEN CODMAN.
Portland, August 7, 1798.
THE Subscribers, appointed Commissioners by the Hon. William Gorham, Esq. Judge of Probate for the county of Cumberland, to receive and examine the claims of the several Creditors to the Estate of THOMAS HODGES, late of Portland, merchant, deceased, intestate represented insolvent, hereby give notice, that they will attend said business on the second Tuesday of this and the five following months, at Mr. Woodbury Storer's Store, No. 3, Union Wharf, Portland, from two to five o'clock, P. M.
ARTHUR McLELLAN, WOODBURY STORER.
August 10, 1798.
Take Notice.
THE Subscriber will attend at his Office in York, from the 14th to the 20th of September, (Sunday excepted) to receive Applications, and grant Licences, to retail Wines, and foreign distilled Spirits; and to receive Entries, and the duties on Wheel Carriages—And will attend at the house of Mr. JOHN HIGGEN, Innholder in Berwick, on Saturday, the 22nd day of said September, for the like purposes, at 10 o'clock in the forenoon.
JOSEPH TUCKER,
Collector of the Revenue, York County. York, August 6, 1798.
TAKE NOTICE.
The Copartnership of
J. & E. Deering,
IS this day by mutual consent, dissolved.—All persons who have any demands, or are indebted to said company, are requested to exhibit their accounts to JOHN DEERING for settlement, at his shop at the foot of Fifth-street.
JOHN DEERING, ELIHU DEERING.
Portland August 6, 1798.
Take Notice.
ALL persons indebted to the late firm of Winslow & Robinson, either by note, bond, or account, are hereby requested to call and settle with the Subscriber, within 40 days; otherwise they will be put in suit.—None excepted.
JONATHAN WINSLOW.
Saccarappa, August 1, 1798.
The above measure is absolutely necessary, that justice may be done to the Creditors of said firm.
Sheep Skins.
WANTED, one or two thousand SHEEP & LAMB SKINS, with the wool on them, for which the highest price will be given—Apply at the Store of the Subscriber in Fore-street, near Mr. Dinsell's tanyard.
S. Bird, Leather-Dresser.
Portland, July 23.

POETRY.
A PORTRAIT OF SLANDER.
WHAT mortal but Slander, that serpent hath stung, Whose teeth are sharp arrows, a razor her tongue?
A NEW SONG,
To the tune of—Tol de rol, &c. O horrible times! what a terrible case! That peace can't be found in this once happy place!
With the face of a friend, but an enemy's heart, They have play'd us completely the pick-pock-it's part;
But thanks to our Envoys, who firmly reply'd "We have courage, and reason, and right, on our side;
Then come, all my mess mates, ye sons of the waves, Let us ne'er to the frog-eating reptiles be slaves!
Let us drink to brave Washington, long may he live! To Adams a health in a bumper let's give!
Voltaire.
A Narrative of the death of Voltaire, from Barruel's Memoirs of Jacobinism.
THE Founder of the whole conspiracy against Christianity, which has produced such dreadful effects in France, was Voltaire.
In the midst of his triumphs, a violent hemorrhage raised apprehensions for his life. D'Alembert, Diderot and Marmontel, hastened to support his resolution in his last moments,
Here let not the Historian fear exaggeration. Rage, remorse, reproach and blasphemy, all accompany and characterize the long agony of the dying Atheist.
It was on his return from Theatre, and in the midst of the toils he was resuming, in order to acquire fresh applause, when Voltaire was warned, that the long career of his impiety was drawing to an end.
In spite of all the Sophisters, flocking around him, in the first days of illness, he gave signs of wishing to return to the God he had so often blasphemed.
A few days after he wrote the following declaration, in presence of the same Abbe Gaultier.
tier, the Abbe Mignot, and the Marquis de Villevielle, copied from the minutes deposited with Mr. Moment, No. 49 at Paris.
"I, the undersigned, declare that for these four days past, having been afflicted with a vomiting of blood, at the age of eighty-four, and not having been able to drag myself to the church,
"After two witnesses had signed this declaration, Voltaire added these words, copied from the same minutes: "The Abbe Gaultier my Confessor, having apprized me that it was said among a certain set of people, I should protest against every thing I did at my death;
"Was this declaration a fresh instance of his former hypocrisy? Unfortunately, after the explanations we have seen him give of his exterior acts of religion, might there not be room for doubt?
"Voltaire had permitted this declaration to be carried to the Refector of St. Sulpice, and to the Archbishop of Paris, to know whether it would be sufficient. When the Abbe Gaultier returned with the answer, it was impossible for him to gain admittance to the patient.
"Then would succeed the horrid remembrance of his conspiracy; they could hear him, the prey of anguish and dread, alternately supplicating or blaspheming that God whom he had conspired against, and in plaintive accents would he cry out, Oh Christ! Oh Jesus Christ!
It has been shown before in this History, p. 179, that Voltaire had the mean hypocrisy, even in the midst of his efforts against Christianity, to receive the Sacrament regularly, and do other acts of religion, merely to be able to deny his infidelity, if accused of it.
Extract.
IN France all is venal. The taxes on real estate and merchandise are enormous. Under the monarchy, the Vingtieme, or tax of one-twentieth was hooted at as a grievance, by all the owls of night and sedition.
Humorous.
A fable son of misery at Newark, in the State of New Jersey, on whose natural vivacity of disposition the horrors of a goal have not been able to make any impression, having recovered his liberty after a long confinement for debt, has again commenced business, and thus addresses his customers in a late paper.
THE subscriber, lately returned from captivity and durance vile, has resumed his former occupation as Capital Artificer, and Cephalic Operator, vulgarly called, Hair-dresser and Barber, at the sign of the Pole and Eagle, near the Post-office.
tion of public patronage—he wishes not to engross all, but only to partake a share of the crumbs of comfort, as he pilgrimages along this valley of cares;
With others of his ancient and honorable profession, he professes himself skilful in taking off valor's excrescence on the chin of males,
He cuts the luxurious locks of the frontlet, in so artful a manner, as to correspond with the lineaments of the human face divine, and to conspire with the penthouse and lashes of the eye,
When his recruited circumstances will permit, he engages to lay in a liberal stock of colinetics, combustibles and other notions, for the patronizing friends of
DAVID SIMPSON, A FREE AFRICAN, God's image, tho' cut in Ebony. Newa.k, July 16, 1798.
Isles of Marcou.
AS the public know little of the isles of Marcou, we trust the following particulars respecting them will not prove unacceptable to our readers:—The largest of these islands does not contain above one acre of land;
Chemical.
IT must give real pleasure to every friend of science, to hear of the establishment of two Societies in Philadelphia and New-York, whose principal objects are to form a mineralogical history of the United States,
Whi in France the science of Mineralogy forms a favourite occupation, and in Germany a distinct and honourable profession worthy the protection of Government,
A few mines of Copper, Lead, and Iron have been discovered. Silver is often found mixed with lead and other productions.
The late minister plenipotentiary from France, Monsr. Ader, discovered the sulphate of Barytes, or ponderous spar, in M. Flachauets.
The intention of relating these facts, is to induce gentlemen to pay attention to any mineral productions which fall in their way,
Perhaps many valuable substances may now be thrown away as useless, from an ignorance of their qualities. Black Jack, a composition of sulphur and zinc, was formerly employed to mend the roads in Wales;
Mundic, found in beds of tin in the mines of Cornwall in England, was little regarded, til about eighty years since, when Sir Gilbert Clerk discovered its utility.
This mineral now procures profit of 150,000 guineas a year. A CHEMIST.
Agricultural.
THIS is the proper time to inoculate or bud most kinds of fruit trees—an operation that every landholder should have some knowledge of.
When a tree has finished its growth for the year, a bud is formed at the very tip or the end of the twig—which denotes that it is in the proper state to bud or inoculate.
With a sharp knife slit the bark of any twig, not more than half an inch thick, and not less than a quarter of an inch; carefully cut through the bark (but not wound the wood under it.) Let the slit be rather more than an inch long.
der the bud from the wood. If the eye is left on the wood, you must throw by the bud and take another. Then insert the bud under the T, before described, & bind it down with woolen strings, or well soaked strips of the bark of Bass wood,
This method is, on many accounts, better than grafting. It gives the farmer another chance, provided his grafts fail in the spring. Stone fruits succeed only, or best with inoculation.
In a fruit country, this method ought to be well understood.
A Correspondent says, that cowdung, with the addition of a very little salt, is a good plaster for the wounds of fruit trees.
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