The gazette (Portland, Me.), 1798-05-21 00:00:00

The Gazette.
By ELEZER ALLEY JENKS, Portland, Maine.
[NUMBER 4.]
[VOLUME 1.]
Monday, May 21, 1798.
A CARD, to Publishers of Papers.
THOSE gentlemen who publish newspapers in the United States, are requested, if agreeable, to exchange GAZETTES with the Editor, and forward them by the address of "E. A. JENKS Portland." These liberal Printers who wish for a dissemination of Federal Principles, in this extremity of the Union, will doubtless comply.—It is here proper to inform those who have received letters offering an equivalent, signed by the person who was to have been concerned in this paper, that they are void on my part; and that THE GAZETTE only is intended. Printers of daily gazettes, will send as many as they please, and receive the cordial thanks of their humble servant, E. A. JENKS.
Worthy of Americans!
'Tis good, 'tis noble, to see the manly youth Of our free country, warm'd by the godlike Spirit of their sires, rise th'雄 bulwark Of their nation's rights. The aged statesmen, And the good old chiefs, with joy glance backward From the cold eve of life, and with delight Behold their long-fought freedom safe.
At Philadelphia,
On Monday the 7th instant, a procession of upwards of Twelve Hundred Young Men, between the years of 18 and 23, attended by an immense concourse of spectators, martial music, the American standard, and characteristic cockades, waited on the PRESIDENT of the United States, and presented the following Address.
To JOHN ADAMS,
PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES.
The ADDRESS of the YOUNG MEN of the city of Philadelphia, the district of Southwark, & the Northern Liberties.
SIR,
AT a period so interesting to the United States, permit us to believe that an Address from the Youth of Philadelphia, anxious to preserve the honour and independence of their country, will not be unwelcome to their Chief Magistrate.
Actuated by the same principles on which our forefathers achieved their independence, the recent attempts of a foreign power to derogate from the dignity and rights our country, awaken our liveliest sensibility, and our strongest indignation.
The Executive of the United States, filled with a spirit of friendship towards the whole world, has resorted to every just and honourable means of conciliating the affections of the French republic, who have received their propositions of peace with determined hostility and contempt; have wounded our national independence by insulting its Representatives; and calumniated the honour and virtue of our citizens, by insinuating that we were a divided, subordinate people.
The Youth of the American nation will claim some share of difficulty, danger, and glory of its defence; and although we do not hold ourselves competent to form an opinion respecting the tendency of every measure, yet we have no hesitation in declaring, that we place the most entire confidence in your wisdom, integrity and patriotism; that we regard our liberty and independence as the richest portion given us by our ancestors; that we perceive no difference between the illegal and oppressive measures of one government, and the insolent attempts now made to usurp our rights by another; that as our ancestors have magnanimously resisted the encroachments of the one, we will no less vigorously oppose the attacks of the other; that at the call of our country, we will assemble with promptitude, obey the orders of the constituted authorities with alacrity, and on every occasion act with all the exertion of which we are capable; and for this we pledge ourselves to you, to our country, and to the world.
The foregoing Address was received by the PRESIDENT in person; who with a countenance expressive of the pleasure he felt, returned the following Answer; in which he happily blended the dignity of the Chief Magistrate and the affection of the Father.
To the YOUNG MEN of the city of Philadelphia, the district of Southwark, and the Northern Liberties,
GENTLEMEN, NOTHING of the kind could be more welcome to me than this address, from the ingenuous Youth of Philadelphia, in their virtuous anxiety to preserve the honour and Independence of their country.
For a long course of years, my amiable friends, before the birth of the oldest of you, I was called to act with your fathers, in concerting measures the most disagreeable and dangerous, not from a desire of innovation, not from discontent with the Government under which we were born and bred, but to preserve the honour of our country, and vindicate the immemorial Liberties of our Ancestors. In pursuit of these measures it became not an object of predilection and choice, but of indispensable necessity, to assert our independence, which with many difficulties and much suffering, was at length secured. I have long flattered myself that I might be gathered to the ashes of my Fathers, leaving unimpaired and unassailed, the liberties so dearly purchased; and that I should be summoned a second time to act, in such scenes of anxiety, perplexity and danger as War of any kind always exhibits. If my good fortune should not correspond with my earnest wishes, and I should be obliged, to act with you, as with your ancestors, in defence of the honour and independence of our country, I sincerely wish that none of you may ever have your constancy of mind, and strength of body put to so severe a trial as to be compelled again in your advanced age to the contemplation and near prospect, of any war of offence or defence.
It would neither be consistent with my character nor yours, on this occasion, to read lessons to gentlemen of your education, conduct, and character; if however I might be indulged the privilege of a father, I should with the tenderest affection recommend to your serious and constant consideration that science and morals are the great pillars on which this country has been raised to its present population, opulence and prosperity; and that these alone can advance, support and preserve it.
Without wishing to damp the ardour of curiosity, or influence the freedom of inquiry, I will hazard a prediction that, after the most industrious and impartial researches, the longest liver of you all, will find no principles, institutions, or systems of education more fit in general, to be transmitted to your posterity than those you have received from your ancestors.
No prospect or spectacle could excite a stronger sensibility in my bosom than this which now presents itself before me. I wish you all the pure joys, the sanguine hopes, and bright prospects which are decent at your age; and that your lives may be long, honourable and prosperous, in the constant practice of benevolence to men, and reverence to the divinity, in a country persevering in liberty, and increasing in virtue, power and glory.
The sentiments of this address, every where expressed in language as chaste and modest, as it is elegant and masterly, which would do honour to the youth of any country, have raised a monument to your fame, more durable than brass or marble.—The Youth of all America must exult in this early sample, at the feat of government, of their talents, genius and virtues.
America, and the World, will look to our Youth, as one of the firmest bulwarks. The generous claim which you now present of sharing in the difficulty,
danger, and glory of our defence, is to me, and to your country, a sure and pleasing pledge, that your birth-rights will never be ignobly bartered or surrendered: but that you will in your turn, transmit to future generations the fair inheritance, obtained by the unconquerable spirit of your Fathers.
JOHN ADAMS.
Philadelphia, May 7.
At Boston,
The Young Men have no less displayed a love for their country. The following Address has been forwarded to the President, signed by upwards of ELEVEN HUNDRED Young Men, from the age of 16 to 24.
To JOHN ADAMS,
President of the United States.
AT a period, when a powerful and perfidious nation, aspiring to the domination of the world, annuls in the career of her pride, all bonds of national amity; when, the most conciliating measures which the pacific disposition of our government has adopted, have been repelled with indignity, SILENCE would become COWARDICE, and NEUTRALITY, TREASON.
At this eventful crisis, the Young Men of Boston, solemnly impressed with the ideas of independence, which they have derived from their ancestors, in that unequivocal language which admits of no adulation, beg leave to express to the First Magistrate of the Union, their sentiments and resolutions.
Ushered into life at a time when our fathers were struggling for the rights to which God and Nature entitled them, we date our existence coeval with the independence of our country. With our first breath we imbibed a detestation of servility to any nation, and we have not yet learned to submit to the humiliation of foreign controul.
As Americans, we feel an enthusiasm in applauding your arduous administration, together with that of your illustrious predecessor, ever designated by the firmest virtue, which danger has not been able to appal and obloquy has in vain assailed. While we have admired the dignified moderation, which has marked the successive attempts at a reconciliation with our Gallic allies, we have witnessed with regret our proffered terms of adjustment, contemptuously rejected by the rapacity of avarice, and the insolence of power. The insulting demands by which France has so glaringly developed her punic faith, and her insidious designs, we conceive would be more characteristic of the despotic requisitions of a conquerer, than of proposals to a high spirited, and we believe, an unconquerable people.
Although we presume not to arrogate to ourselves the office of judging on intricate questions of politics, yet where gratitude claims the tribute, we must feelingly eulogize the unfulfilled patriotism and uniform wisdom of our Supreme Executive.
Justly appreciating the sweets of peace and the reign of equal laws, spurning acquiescence to any presumptuous power to the degradation of national honour, and determined to guard the inviolability of our Constitution, as the palladium of our rights, we the Youth of Boston, united by indissoluble ties in one common love to our country, most solemnly offer, when its voice demands the energy of action to sacrifice our youthful prospects, and our lives, in unnerving the arm of sedition, and repelling the inroads of oppression; fervently according in those noble sentiments that "neutrality ought never to be purchased by the violation of public faith, the tarnishing of moral character, or the abandonment of Independence."
National Concerns.
Documents from our Envoys.
[The following are the Documents mentioned in the last Gazette—which the President transmitted to both houses of Congress on the 4th instant.]
Paris, February 7, 1798.
DEAR SIR,
WE transmit to you in this inclosure, our last letter to the Minister of Foreign Relations; although dated the 17th ult. it was not on account of the time taken to translate so long a letter, delivered until the 31st. In our communications here, although we have, agreeably to your instructions, written in our own language, we at the same time have taken the precaution, lest our meaning should be misrepresented or misunderstood, to accompany them with an accurate translation. We have not yet received any answer to this communication, and should no notice be taken of it in a few days, we shall apply in a more explicit manner for our passports.
The councils have passed the decree mentioned in No. 5, as having been recommended by the Directory, to capture and condemn all neutral vessels laden in part or in whole with the manufactures or productions of England, or its possessions. We inclose you the official copy of the report on that subject, and shall represent to this government the injustice and injury which it must inevitably occasion us.
We have the honor to be, with great respect, Your most obedient humble servants,
CHARLES C. PINCKNEY. J. MARSHALL, E. GERRY.
Col. PICKERING, Secretary of the United States.
To the MINISTER OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS of the FRENCH REPUBLIC. CITIZEN MINISTER.
THE undersigned envoys Extraordinary, and Ministers Plenipotentiary, from the United States of America to the French Republic, have been hitherto restrained by the expectations of entering on the object of their mission, in the forms usual among nations, from addressing to the Executive Directory, thro' you, those explanations and reclamations with which they are charged by the government they represent. If this expectation is to be relinquished, yet the unfeigned wish of the United States, to restore that harmony between the two republics, which they have so unremittingly sought to preserve, renders it the duty of the undersigned, to lay before the government of France, however informal the communication may be deemed, some considerations, in addition to those already submitted, relative to the subsisting differences between the two nations.
Openly and repeatedly have France and America interchanged unequivocal testimonials of reciprocal regard.—These testimonials were given by the United States with all the ardor and sincerity of youth. It is still believed that on the part of France they were likewise the offspring of real esteem.—They were considered on the other side of the Atlantic as evidencing a mature friendship, to be as durable as the Republics themselves. Unhappily, the scene is changed; and America looks around in vain for the ally or the friend. The contrast both of language and of

conduct; which the present so avowedly exhibited to a portion of the past, has been repeatedly attributed by France, to a disposition alleged to exist in the government of the United States, unfriendly to this Republic, and partial towards its enemies.
That government, astonished at a reproach so unfounded in fact, so contradicted by its declarations and its conduct, could scarcely consider this charge as serious, and has ever cherished the hope, that a candid review of its conduct founded on the documents, and aided by the arguments with which the Executive Directory has been furnished, would have removed from it the injudicious suspicion. This hope seems not to have been realized. The undersigned, therefore, deem it proper to precede their application for that justice which they claim from France by an effort to remove the cause, which is alleged to have produced the injuries of which they complain. With this view, they pray the attention of the Executive Directory to a serious and candid reconsideration of the leading measures adopted by the government of the United States, and they persuade themselves, that however various and multiplied the channels may be, through which misinformation, concerning the dispositions of that government, may have been received, yet this reconsideration must remove unfounded prejudices, and entirely exculpate the American nation from an accusation it knows to be unfounded, and believes to be supported by no single fact.
When the war which has been waged with such unparalleled fury, which in its vast vicissitudes of fortune, has alternately threatened the very existence of the conflicting parties, but which, in its progress, has surrounded France with such splendor, and added still more to her glory than her territory; when that war first involved those nations, with whom the United States were in habits of friendly intercourse, it became incumbent on their government to examine their situation, their connexions, and their duties. America found herself at peace with all the belligerent powers. She was connected with some of them by treaties of amity and commerce, and with France by a treaty of alliance also. These several treaties were considered with the most serious attention, and with a sincere wish to determine by fair construction the obligations which they really imposed. The result of this inquiry was a full conviction, that her engagements by no means bound her to take part in the war, but left her so far the mistress of her own conduct as to be at perfect liberty to observe a system of real neutrality. It is deemed unnecessary to annul those treaties in order to support the propriety of this decision, because it is not recollected ever to have been questioned, and is believed not to admit of doubt.
Being bound by no duty to enter into the war, the government of the United States conceived itself bound by duties the most sacred to abstain from it. Contemplating man, even in a different society, as the friend of man, a state of peace though unpolished by treaty, was considered as imposing obligations, not to be wantonly violated.
These obligations created by the laws of nature, were in some instances strengthened by solemn existing engagements, of which good faith required a religious observance.
To a sense of moral right, other considerations of the greatest magnitude were added, which forbade the government of the United States to plunge them unnecessarily into the miseries of the bloody conflict then commencing. The great nations of Europe, either impelled by ambition, or by existing or supposed political interests, peculiar to themselves, have consumed more than a third of the present century in wars. Whatever causes may have produced so affliction an evil, they cannot be supposed to have been entirely extinguished, and humanity can scarcely indulge the hope, that the temper or condition of man is so altered as to exempt the next century from the ills of the past.
Strong fortifications, powerful navies, immense armies, the accumulated wealth of ages and a full population, enable the nations of Europe, to support those wars in which they are induced to engage, by motives which they deem adequate, and by interests inclusively their own. In all respects different is the situation of the United States; possessed of an extensive unsettled territory, on which bountiful nature has bestowed with a lavish hand all the capacities for future legitimate greatness, they indulge no thirst for conquest, no ambition for the extension of their limits. Encircled by no dangerous powers they neither fear, nor are jealous of their neighbours, and are not on that account obliged to arm for their safety. Separated from Europe by a vast and friendly ocean, they are but remotely, if at all, affected by those interests, which agitate and influence this portion of the globe. Thus circumstanced, they have no motive for a voluntary war. On the contrary, the most powerful considerations urge them to avoid it. An extensive and undefended commerce, peculiarly necessary to a nation which does not manufacture for itself, which is and for a long time to come, will be agricultural, would have been its immediate and certain victim. The surplus produce of their labour must have perished on their hands, and that increase of population so essential to a young country, must, with their prosperity, have sustained a serious check. Their exertions too would not have been considerable, unless the war had been transferred to their own bosoms.
Great as are the means and resources of the United States for self defence, 'tis only in self
defence, that those resources can be completely displayed. Neither the genius of the nation, nor the state of its finances, admit of calling its citizens from the plough, but to defend their own liberty and their own fire sides. How criminal must have been that government which could have plunged its constituents in a war, to which they were neither impelled, by duty or solicited by interest; in which they committed so much to hazard; in which they must suffer, in order to act efficiently, and could only display their energy too in repelling invasion? But motives still more powerful than the calamities of the moment, have influenced the government of the United States.
It was perhaps impossible to have engaged voluntarily in the existing conflict, without launching into the almost boundless ocean of European politics, without contracting habits of national conduct, and forming close political connections which must have compromised the future peace of the nation, and have involved it in all the future quarrels of Europe. A long train of armies, debts and taxes, checking the growth, diminishing the happiness, and perhaps endangering the liberty of the United States, must have followed the adoption of such a system. And for what purpose should it have been adopted? For what purpose should America thus burthen herself with the conflicts of Europe? Not to comply with any engagements she has formed, not to promote her own views, her own objects, her own happiness, or her own safety, but to move as a Satellite around some greater Planet, whose laws she must of necessity obey. In addition to these weighty considerations, it was believed that France would derive more benefit from the neutrality of America, than from her becoming a party in the war.
The determination then of the government of the United States to preserve that neutral station in which the war found them, far from manifesting a partiality for the enemies of France, was only a measure of justice to itself and to others, and did not even derogate from that predilection for this republic, which it has so repeatedly expressed and displayed. Having avowed this determination, increased motives of honour and of duty commanded its faithful observance.
It is not a principle which remains now to be settled, that a fraudulent neutrality is no neutrality at all; and that the nation which would be admitted to its privileges must also perform the duties it enjoins. Had the government of the United States, declaring itself neutral, indulged its partialities by granting favours unreciprocated by treaty, to one of the belligerent powers, which it refused to another, it could no longer have claimed the immunities of a situation of which the obligations were forgotten, it would have become a party to the war, as certainly as if war had been openly and formally declared, and if it would have added to the madness of wantonly engaging in such a hazardous conflict, the dishonor of insincere and fraudulent conduct: it would have attained circuitously an object which it could not plainly avow, or directly pursue, and would have tricked the people of the United States into a war, which it could not venture openly to declare.
It was matter of real delight to the government and people of America, to be informed that France did not wish to interrupt the peace they enjoyed.
The undersigned have been induced to rest upon the first necessary and decisive step taken by their government, altho its propriety may not be controverted, from a conviction, that if the right of the United States, to observe a fair and honest neutrality be established, the general charges of an unfriendly disposition, made against them by France, must be relinquished, because the facts, by which those charges are supported, will be found to have grown inevitable out of that situation.
This measure was accompanied by another, which, in repelling so astonishing a charge as partiality for the enemies of France, deserves to be noticed. Soon after the government of the United States had noticed to its citizens the duties which its neutrality enjoined, Mr. Genet, the first minister from this Republic, arrived at Philadelphia: altho his conduct had been such as to give cause for serious alarm, altho before he was even acknowledged as a minister, or had reached the authority which could inspect his credentials, he had assumed the functions of the government to which he was deputed. Yet the government resolved to see him only the representative of a Republic, to which it was sincerely attached, gave him the same warm and cordial reception which he had experienced from its citizens, without a single exception, from Charleston to Philadelphia. The then situation of France deserves to be remembered.
While the recollection adds, citizen minister, to the glory with which your nation is encircled, it establishes the sincerity of the United States.
The most formidable combination the world had ever seen, threatened the extermination of this Republic. Austria, Germany, Prussia, Britain, Spain, Holland and Sardinia, were in arms against France, and Russia was leagued in the coalition. Nor was this all. The Republic, distracted by internal divisions, contained numerous enemies within its own bosom, and a considerable portion of its proper force was arrayed against itself. In such a state of things, the most sanguine might fear, and the most ardent hesitate. Confident in their strength, and relying on success, the coalesced powers sought to arm in their cause the residue of the world, and deemed it criminal to acknowledge the sovereignty of the Republic. The nations of Europe, even those who had not entered into the contest, were either of them
selves unwilling to acknowledge this sovereignty, or were deterred by fear from doing so. Had the partialities of America been against France, this example would have been followed. According to the rules of ordinary calculation, the measure would have been safe, and consequently a government feeling the attachments now so unjustly attributed to that of the United States, would have indicated those attachments by its adoption. Far from pursuing such a system, the United States, unawed by the strength of coalition, received with open arms the minister of this Republic, acknowledged with enthusiasm the government which had deputed him, overlooked his extraordinary attack on their sovereignty and manifested a cordial friendship for his nation and a sincere will for its success.
Scarcely were the first ceremonies of his reception over, when Mr. Genet displayed a disposition to usurp and exercise, within the United States, the choicest and most important duties and powers of sovereignty. He claimed the privileges of arming and embodying the citizens of America within their own territory, to carry on from thence expeditions against nations with whom they were at peace, of fitting out and equipping within their limits privateers, to cruise on a commerce destined for their ports, or exercising within their jurisdiction, an independent judiciary, and of arraigning their government at the bar of the people. The undersigned will not ask in what manner France would have treated any foreign minister who should have dared so to conduct himself towards this republic? But in what manner would the American government have treated such a minister, if the representative of a nation it viewed with coldness, or even indifference? In what manner would it have treated him, had he been the representative of any other nation than France? No man acquainted with that government can doubt how these enquiries ought to be answered. From the minister of France alone could this extraordinary conduct be borne with temper. To have continued to have borne it, without perceiving and feeling its extreme impropriety, would have been to have merited the contempt as well of France as of the other powers of the earth. The government of the United States did feel it; but far from transferring to his nation that resentment, which such conduct could not fail to excite, it distinguished strongly between the government and its minister, and the representations it made were in the language of a friend afflicted but not irritated by the injuries it complained of. The recall of that minister was received with universal joy, as a confirmation that his whole system of conduct was attributable only to himself; and not even the publication of his private instructions could persuade the American government to ascribe any part of it to this republic.
(To be continued.)
THE GAZETTE.
PORTLAND.
REVIEW of NEWS.
The last accounts from Europe are to 17th March—at which time the belligerent powers were engaged in the most vigilant measures, offensive and defensive.—The most material articles of news are:
Destruction of a French Convoy.
The accounts state, that Sir J. B. Warren, with an English squadron had taken and destroyed a French convoy of 60 sail, and burnt the frigate conveying them. Sir John, in the Canada of 74 guns, chased some of these vessels under the batteries of the Isle of Bas, with one of which that ship had a warm contest but which she at last silenced and beat to pieces by the superiority of her fire.
Ports of Havre-de-Grace & Brest.
By the last accounts from admiral Strachan, who blockades Havre, it appears that there are nine frigates & corvettes in that port ready to put to sea; and a considerable number of gun boats, but nothing goes in or comes out since being blockaded.—Twenty sail of the line are said to be at Brest, 18 of which are supposed to be fit for sea, and nine were ready to sail at a moment's warning.
Subjugation of Switzerland.
The Swiss Republic has been squeezed out of existence by the fraternal hug of barbarous and destroying France. Americans may view this as the pernicious effect of French influence.
Conspiracy in Ireland.
Accounts from Cork state that a conspiracy had been discovered. That Lord Fitzgerald, counsellors McNiel, Ewett and Sampson, were found in the act of sitting as the DIRECTORY of IRELAND, with all the commissions for
the navy and army signed and disposed of, but a week before St. Patrick's day, the day fixed on for a general massacre. Fitzgerald and Sampson escaped; the others were secured.
Authentic from Amsterdam.
Mr. Bourne, Consul at Amsterdam from the United States, in a letter to Mr. B. Russell, dated 20th March, says, "I avail myself of the first opportunity to acquaint you that the ship America, Capt. Henshaw from Newyork, lately brought in here by a French cruiser, has been immediately released by the consul of that nation; and I am happy to add that every thing will be done here to support and protect the intercourse with the United States."
[This is another bait for Americans. These lawless plunderers—these demons of injustice (the French) understand their business. It is now their policy to slacken their depredations, until we again scatter our commerce, unprotected over the globe, and then they will require some extra papers as pretence for capture. Beware of French faith; it will betray!]
The same letter says, "My letters by the last mail from Paris mention that our envoys have lately had several conferences with the minister of foreign affairs—the result not known."
Another letter from the above gentleman says, that Mr. Gerry informed him that the envoys had had three conferences with the minister of foreign affairs, and that the negotiation appeared to be in good train.
[More French policy. To sooth matters, and to prolong the negotiation, until they can bear from their party in this country, is the aim of the Directors. On hearing of our unanimity they will doubtless be more fond of coming to terms; but it is hoped that our envoys will insist on immediate indemnification; and that an armed neutrality, at least, may supersede any treaties. How idle would it be again to confide in that faithless nation, who in violation of the most sacred treaties, plunder and oppress their allies? May the spirit of Americans teach them justice.]
Congress,
Have for some time past been employed on the Provisional army Bill. It has passed—authorising the President to raise and officer an army of 10,000 men, during their recess, if any exigency occurs which he may conceive to render such troops necessary. Several other bills are now before Congress, which will be published soon as possible.
The DOCUMENTS,
Commenced in this day's Gazette, afford another proof of the excellence of the American character. The Memorial is one of the best State Papers ever laid before the public, and richly merits a careful perusal. It is very lengthy, and the great pressure of interesting matter, together with local concerns, renders it impossible to publish it entire in one sheet. It shall, however be given with the utmost expedition.
Some Commotions
have occurred at Philadelphia. Some of the "Exclusivist Patriots," assumed the French cockade, and paraded before the President's house in a very disorderly manner. The true Columbians assembled; and after argument, used force, which soon dispersed them.
Duel at Newyork.
By a Newyork paper of May 10, we learn, that in consequence of a publication in the Argus, of the preceding Saturday containing some remarks on James Jones, Esq. which were deemed of a disrespectful nature, this gentleman demanded of the publisher of that paper the name of the author; who gave up as such Mr. Brockholst Livingston. A fracas took place on the battery between Mr. Jones and Mr. Livingston, in consequence of which they met in the afternoon of the 9th inst. on the Jersey side of the Hudson; and it is with extreme regret we have to add that a wound received by Mr. J. in the groin, which opened a main artery, in a few minutes proved fatal to that respectable and worthy character.

Young Men of America.
The many addresses of the youth of this country cannot be perused without emotions of pleasure by those who pride themselves in their country. And the charming answers of our beloved President, must awaken the sensibility of all who are not sunk in apathy and indolence. Young men! read them with attention, and let their precepts be indelibly imprinted in your hearts. Let a love for your country begin with the first dawn of manhood. Cherish a native pride for your birth rights, and swear ever to defend them. Quit now the trifling sports of youth, the insipid pleasures that unnerve you, the lounging tavern, and the sickly haunts of indolence and ease—and learn the healthful exercise of arms. The useful soldier, and the accomplished gentleman, will then increase your worth, and lead you to the road of fame. So shall you meet the grateful plaudits of a nation, and the praise of every patriot mind. The young men of Philadelphia are enrolling themselves in military companies. They have assumed the American cockade. From Newyork, Baltimore, Norfolk, &c. the young men are forwarding addresses. Indeed, the flame has overspread the continent.
MILITARY DISCIPLINE.
The discipline of our militia is now strictly attended to, in many parts of this State. The Captain of the Medford light infantry, has been tried by a Court Martial, and broke, for non-attention. This is a good example for those who neglect the calls of their country.
General Rochefontaine has been dismissed from the service of the United States, by a Court Marshal.
LITERARY.
A valuable MS. of Virgil has lately been brought to light at the Hague.—It was formerly the property of Daniel Heinzius, and is entitled in his catalogue, Virgilius cum Commentariis Servii MS. This MS. is next to the Florentine, the oldest extant.
There was a public sitting of the Berlin Academy of Belles Lettres, about the end of January.—M. Achard read a treatise on the effect of condensed air, the object of which was to prove from experiments made before the academy, that condensed air accelerates the germination of plants; and that animals live five times longer in air which is compressed in the proportion of three to one, than they do in common air. He afterwards produced an apparatus for injecting the germs of plants.
Professor Klaproth read a chemical enquiry respecting the elements of the different gold mines in Transylvania, and announced the existence of a new metal, or a particular kind of gold which he called Tellurium .
Viscount Goyon read a third paper on the "Influence of Women in the principal events of ancient and modern history." This essay includes the characters of Clelia, Veturia & Volumnia .
BOWDOIN COLLEGE.
On Wednesday last the Trustees and Overseers of Bowdoin College held their semi-annual meeting at Brunswick; and we have the pleasure to hear, that an institution so liberally endowed and patronized, is at length in a state of inception if not of progress.—The town of Brunswick and certain individuals having added 300 acres to 30 given before for the situation of the College, the Trustees and Overseers determined to build a house 50 feet by 40 and three stories high, the present year, as introductory to the erection of another of the size of Hollis hall at Cambridge, containing 8 rooms on a floor, and 32 in the whole; which probably may be raised and finished in a year or two more.—As subscriptions are now open to assist in any part this highly interesting work, we cannot but express the most fervent wish that the hearts of our fellow citizens may be opened, and that of their abundance they will spare a little towards the erection of the temple of learning in the District of Maine.
BERWICK ACADEMY.
On Tuesday the 3d inst. was the first public Exhibition of the Berwick Academy, in presence of the board of Trustees, and a large and respectable number of spectators.
The institution of this little seminary for the education of both sexes, reflects honor upon its liberal benefactors; and the lively specimens of oratory, genius and literary acquirements of the pupils, justly give credit to the abilities of its Preceptor, Mr. Benjamin Green.
Although the growth of this literary institution hath in some measure been neglected, yet we hope that under the auspices of its present instructor, it will become a respectable seminary of learning.
Mr. WOODBURY STORER, was chosen on Monday last, to represent this town in General Court.
Major DANIEL ILSLEY is chosen as Representative for Falmouth.
JAMES BRIDGE, Esq. is chosen Representative for the town of Augusta.
The Hon. GEO. CABOT, is nominated by the President of the U. States, Secretary of the navy.
THOMAS B. WAIT, is appointed Surveyor and Inspector for the port of Thomaston,—vice Samuel Winlow, declined.
FIRE!
On Saturday night last, a house and two barns, with 8 oxen, belonging to Mr. Jedediah Leighton, of Presumpscot, were destroyed by fire. Particulars not known.
The stable of Mr. Stockbridge of Freeport, has also been destroyed by fire. Three horses were burnt in it. Mr. Stockbridge is the gentleman who conveys the mail from this town to Wiscasset. A subscription is said to be on foot for this respectable citizen.
50 or 60 dwelling houses and stores besides small buildings, were lately destroyed by fire, at Wilmington, N. C.
A late Chronicle, contained a Jacobin letter abusing the people and government of this country; which was said to be from this town. This must have been a rank Chronicle assertion; for there is not a person belonging here, but would be ashamed to own it. Thus it is, that these wretches palm their falsehoods upon the public.
To the PRINTERS of the 'TRUMPET.'
The found of your last Trumpet exposes you to censure; but as the senior whistler is reckoned non compos , I shall only notice it as the solo of the 'Junior Whistler.'
While my pride checks me for meddling with a prostrate foe, who has blown his blast, and like a coward shrunk from a contest begun by himself, justice dictates that he should not pass without being held up as the object of ridicule and contempt. This is the punishment I shall at present inflict upon the 'Junior Whistler.' Although deserving of the whip, generosity disdains the bullying act. Reptile, what think? Ingratitude never before found such a servant. Your base attempt to wound my reputation serves only to destroy your own. Here I am known; and every action stamps you with a falsehood. Go, then, and grovel in your native dirt—go, steal yourself into another's notice, and then betray him—go, bear the scorn of every virtuous mind. Know that you merit my contempt. My enmity can never be excited by one so worthless. But look ye, blockhead, the insect that offends is brushed off. So much I'll notice you.
EDITOR.
MARRIED —In this town, by the Rev. Mr. Kellogg, Capt. WILLIAM CRABTREE to Miss HANNAH BAGLEY. By the Rev. Mr. Warren, Mr. Nathaniel Pratt to Miss Mary Tabor.
DIED —On Tuesday last, at his house in Topsham, the Hon. Samuel Thompson, Esq. aged 63—A gentleman well known as a faithful member in the Legislature of this Commonwealth; as an officer in the Executive and Judicial departments of government, and a member of the Overseers of Bowdoin College—His funeral was on Thursday last attended by the Trustees and Overseers of said College, who were on that day convened in the town of Brunswick.
At Scarborough, Mr. Moses Plummer, aged 72 years—famous for curing Cancers. He has left a recipe for this important cure with his son.
In this town Mrs. Alice Grew, widow, aged 20 years. A good neighbor and valuable friend.—At the time this town was burnt, she was almost the only person who remained in it, and when her house took fire she put it out alone.
At Peterborough, STANISLAUS, late of Poland. At Cape-Elizabeth, a child of Mr. Ebenezer Thresher, aged 14 months, was drowned in a pond of water not more than ten inches deep. Every means for its restoration proved ineffectual.
Marine Articles.
Port of Portland.
Last evening arrived here brig Mary Caroline, Capt. Freeman, 20 days from Port Royal, Jamaica. Sailed in company with a ship be longing to Newburyport, a schooner for New London, a schooner for Baltimore, and brig for North Carolina. Spoke brig Olive Branch, Capt. Taylor, from Salem, within 24 hours sail of the Havana. Lat. 33, long. 76, spoke two English frigates and a 64. They did not meddle with him.
On Thursday arrived Capt. Shaw from Philadelphia.
Yesterday arrived Captains Thorlo and Muffey, from Boston, 24 hours. Saw two ships going in.
Arrived at Boston, May 9, sloop Industry Nichols, St. Vincents. Left waiting convoy, the Jefferson of Saco; Dolphin, of Old York; Logan, of Portland; Hancock, Dunbar, of Penobscot, and Betsey, Wiscasset.
D. Hawley, Esq. American Consul at the Havannah, asserts, That a number of French cruisers are ordered to cruise near the mouth of that harbour, for the purpose of interrupting every American vessel, in outward bound; and as many as are caught with British manufactured goods on board, will be considered fit subjects for condemnation, under the French arrete .
Brig Neptune, for Kennebec, failed in company with a vessel arrived at New London.
An armed ship called the Pacific , Capt. Ingraham, has failed from Connecticut for Calcutta. The first enterprize of the kind from that State.
The President of the United States, we learn, is purchasing vessels, to be armed as sloops of war and 20 gun ships. The Ganges and Hamburg Packet , are already bought. The former is a fine ship of 600 tons.
A Spanish fleet, consisting of two 90 gun ships, three 74's and three frigates, arrived at Porto Rico from Spain, on the 10th of April, having under convoy about 60 sail of merchantmen.
The British have ten ships of war on the American coast, in search after French cruisers.
Prices Current at Boston,
PER QUANTITY—MAY 16.
  ASHES, Pot. T. 1334 33c Leather, seal, dried lb. 16 3/4 20c   Pearl, 150d Esopus Vita, T. 15d   Butter, shipping, lb. 18 to 20c Lime, half bld. 1d 75c   Beef, ship flour, bbl. 11 to 12d Lemons, box, 4d 50c   Carry, 8d 50c to 10d Molasses, gal. 56 to 59c   Brandy, Fr. gal. 1d 37 1/2 75c Nail rods, T. 130d to 1334 33c   Spanish, 1d 25 to 1d 50c NAILS, 4d cutt, M. 28 to 30c   Naples, 1d 17 1/2 1d 33c 6d do. 50 to 59c   Coffee, green, lb. 23 to 24c 8d do. 1d 5 to 1d 9c   Cotton, Foreign, lb. 30 to 40c 8d wire, inspec. 1d 25c to 41c   American, 20 to 30c 10d 1d 41c to 50c   Chocolate, common lb. 16 to 20c 20d 1d 28 to 17c   Wolfs, No 2 to 1,250 30c Sheathing, cutt. 12 to 13d   Runney's No 2 to 1,240 29c Drawing 12 to 13d   Candles, tall, mo. lb. 17c OLL, Florence, cases 30 3/4   do. 15c do. 8d to 8d 50c   Sperm, 50c do. gal. 12 3/4   Cheese, English, 25 to 33c Naples, 12 bds. 6d   American, 6 to 11c common whale, T. 70d   Coal, pit, Foreign, lb. 15d Spermaceti, 240d   American, 12 to 14d Lined, gall. 80 to 90c   Cod Lines, D. 8 to 9d Brer, bbl. 9d 50c to 10d   Duck, Russia, bolts, 17 to 20d PORK, one hog, 18d 50c to 19d   Razors, 10d to 10d 50c one 1/2 bld log, 17d 50c to 18d   FISH, Table, cutt. 6 to 10d Middling pieces, 24 to 26d   Mackerel, 4d 25 to 4d 50c Pitch, bbl. 2d 50c   W. India, 3d 33c to 3d 50c Paper, floating, rm. 4d 50c to 5d   Scal, 2d to 2d 50c wrapping, 83c to 1d   Alouettes, bbl. 4d sugar loaf blue, 10c   Salmon, 8 1/2 to 8d 75c RUM, Jamai, gal 1d 20 to 1d 33c   Herrings, 4d Windward, 1d 4 to 25c   Mackerell, bay, 7d 50c New-England 75c   Nova-Scotia, 6d to 6d 50c Russia Sheetings, pi. 16d 50c to 17d   FURS, Beaver, pelt, lb. 110 to 120 Rice, Carolina, cutt. 2d 50c to 3d   Bear, lb. 50c to 4d Soap, Amer. cubits, lb. 14c   Fox, red, 1d 33c to 1d 50c brown, 10c   red, 83c to 1d 50c Cattle, 18 to 20c   Mink, 10 to 50c Sugar, East-India, cutt. 13 1/2 15d   Musquash, 9 to 17c West-India, 1d 50c to 15d 50c   Otter, 1 to 4d Hav. cubite, 18d 75c to 19d   Fishers, 33 to 83c brown, 12 to 14d   Sables, 25 to 67c Loaf, lb. 20 to 30c   Flour, Sup. fresh, 7d 50c to 8d Salt, St. Ubes, 8bu. 5d 50c to 6d   Fin, 7d to 7d 50c Lisson, 5 to 8d   X Brand, 6d 75 to 6d 25c Cadiz, 4d 50c to 5d   Middlings, 6 to 6d 50c Liverpool, 4d 50c to 5d   Feathers, loose geese, lb. 58c Steel, German, lb. 14 to 15c   Lisson, 17c English, tubb, 9c   Sea Fowl, 41c Blistered, 8d 50c   Flaxseed, casks of 8 bbl. 12d Shot, all sizes, cutt. 9 to 10d   Gunpowder, lb. 75c Patent, 11d   Geneva, Holland, ca. 5d 50c Staves, W. Oak bld. M. 20d   cafe, gal. 4 1/2 to 1d 17c pipe, 39d   American, 6d to 75c head, 35d   GLASS, Bristol cr. bx. 10 to 8, 12d 50c bb. 12c   7 by 9, 12d R. Oak bld 20d   6 by 8, 10d flocks, 1d to 1d 25c   Hamburg, 7 by 9, 9d 50c W O bld. do. 2d 50 to 1d 75c   8 by 10, 9d 50c Spirits Turpentine, gal. 25 to 33c   Boston, 10 to 8, 15d Tallow, Foreign, lb. 10 to 12c   7 by 9, 12d 67c American, 13 to 14c   6 by 8, 10d 50c Tar, bbl. 2d 50c   GRAIN, Barley, South, 85c to 90c Turpentine, bbl 2d 33c to 2d 50c   Corn, Ind. South, 60c T & A. Babca, lb. 56 to 64c   North, 60c Souchong, 92c to 10d   Rye, 78c Hyson, 2d 25 to 2d 42c   Oats, 41c Tobacco, James Riv. cutt. 9 to 10d   Hemp, T. 250d to 260d 50c G. Georgia do. 9 to 10d   Hops, 12 feet, M. 20d Maryland, 8d 50c to 9d   Hog Lard, lb. 14c Twine, Seine, dz. 6 to 7d   IRON, Pig, T. 35d Sewing, 4d 50c   Philadelphia bar, 110 to 115d Whalebone, long, lb. 10 to 15c   Russia, 110d 67c to 115d flort, 10c   Sweden, 113d 33c to 125d WTNES, Madeira, gal. 1d 66c to 2d 66c   Indigo, Caroli, lb. 60c to 1d Lisbon, 83c to 1d   Lumber, Boards, clear, M. 11 to 12d Sherry, 1d to 1d 20c   merch. 8d 50c to 9d Teneriffe, 75c   Shingles, 1d 50c to 2d 50c Fayal, 54c   Claret, doz. 5 to 6d   Malaga, gr. cask, 23d   Red Port gal ad 10 to 1d 25c 
EXHIBITION Of Innocent Amusements.
THIS is to acquaint the Curious, that there will be presented, THIS EVENING, by the celebrated Mr. MAGINNIS, the Comic interlude of
The Launch.
Also, a beautiful view of CHARLES-TOWN, and the adjacent SEATS. The BOATS passing and repassing.—Likewise a striking representation of the launching of the Frigate Constitution.
To conclude with a variety of Curious, Rich and Comic FIGURES, too tedious to insert.
Doors to be opened at sun set, and performance to commence at Candle light.—Admittance 1/6.—Children 9 pence.
N. B. A select party may have private performances on TUESDAY & THURSDAY.
Mr. MAGINNIS thinks proper to inform the public, that the above exhibition will not be performed by shades, but by real Figures; which will walk and speak as natural as life—Nothing immodest or immoral will be introduced. May 21.
David Griffith,
Gold and Silver Smith,
INFORMS his customers that he has removed from his shop in Fore-street, to Mr. QUINCY's in Fish-street; where he carries on the above business as usual. Those who may favor him with their commands shall receive every attention. Portland, May 21.
Small Pox.
ALL persons who intend being inoculated with the Small Pox, are desired to leave their names with either of the Physicians who attended the last season, as the Hospital will be opened again, as soon as a sufficient number apply.
N. B. Not more than one hundred can be accommodated in a class. Portland, May 16.
Mr. Harper's excellent Speech.
PROPOSAL for PRINTING, MR. HARPER'S
SPEECH,
ON THE FOREIGN INTERCOURSE BILL, DELIVERED IN THE House of Representatives of the U. S.
This masterly production carries with it a recommendation that renders any comments unnecessary. It is replete with information and principles that cannot be too generally disseminated amongst Americans. The friend of his country will read it with pleasure—the doubtful politician has only to peruse it and become decided—and the most obstinate jacobin cannot resist the force of its truth and pointed argument.—It is a powerful antidote to the poison of foreign influence; and most admirably exposes the views of French partisans.
TERMS.
 I. It shall be printed on a fair type; and good paper.  II. To contain upwards of 60 pages, octavo, at the moderate price of TWENTY FIVE CENTS.  III. It will be put to press as soon as 300 copies are subscribed for, to be printed without delay. 
E. A. JENKS.
May 21.
Strayed,
FROM the Subscriber on the 2d instant, a dark red COW, with a reddish stripe upon her back. Had large horns, reddish bag, was rather low in flesh. Whoever will return said Cow, or give information that she may be obtained, shall be handsomely rewarded. ABIJAH POOL. May 21.
Wanted—A smart Lad,
as an apprentice to the Mason's business, about 15 years old. Inquire at this office.

POETRY.
SATIRICAL.
The wits of Connecticut, so much admired for their humorous satire, are now sporting with the Vermont press. They are dressing his late elegant speeches, in verse; and it is presumed they will not be displeasing to the reader.
ORATION I.
The Lion commences his oration by asserting his independence, in reply to Mr. A. He speaks much of pedigree, and favours his own, negatively and positively. The Lion remarks on the fondness of some gentlemen for forms and ceremonies—expresses his dislike thereof; and concludes his oration by declaring his resolution to abide with Pompey, the ball-jumper, while the House shall wait on the President.
As full as since the members sat, Expecting royal sum, fir; The speaker gently mov'd his hat, And L—n thus began, fir:—
I'M rugged Mat, the Democrat, Berate me as you please, fir— True Paddy Whack ne'er turn'd his back, Or bow'd his head to Cæsar.
Horum, scorum, randum, roorum, Spitum, spatium, squirto; Tag, rag, derry, merry, ravo head & bloody bones, Sing Langelot, nobody's hurt, O!
The Yankee crew long nobly I knew— At home I drill them daily; There's not a man of all their clan, But knows my old Shelalce,
These gentry sprout of ancient blood— It reddens all their speeches; Zounds, fir! my veins contain as good As theirs who hang'd the witches.
'Tis true my grandam never smirk'd And toy'd with the Protector; Nor did she spill the beer that work'd While folks were gone to lecture.
My dam, fir, was a buxom lass— Her milk was rich and good, fir; No cow that's fed on clover grass, Can boast of purer blood, fir.
My sire he was a strapping buck As ever gir! sat eye on; What wonder then they had the luck To bring the world a Lion!
The blue skin'd lads are vastly fond— Of 'lection, shows and raling; They love to strut, like geese from pond, And set the fools a gazing.
We Lions bold abominate To court the great and wealthy; I did it not in Vermont State— I sha'nt in Philadelphia.
Nor was I to this Congress sent To dress like cockcombs fine, fir— To cringe before the President, And taste his cake and wine, fir.
Go you, who like such royal cheer, And stalk in long procession; I'll stay and eat my luncheon here, As at the extra session.
Horum, scorum, randum, roorum, Spitum, spatium, squirto; Tag, rag, derry, merry, ravo head & bloody bones, Sing Langelot, nobody's hurt, O!
THE COLLECTION.
"A THING OF SHREDS AND PATCHES."
AMOR PATRIÆ.—M. de Touville the French admiral meditated a descent upon England; in the beginning of the late king William's reign: as he intended to land in Sussex, he sent for a fisherman belonging to that place, who had been taken by one of his fleet. He imagined he might get some information from him concerning the affection which the people had for the government.
"Do your countrymen (said he) love King James, or are they better affected to the prince of Orange, or king William, as they call him? are they satisfied with the present form of government?"
The fisherman gaped, and stood amazed at these questions. At last, said he, "I never heard any thing of the gentlemen whom you have mentioned; they may be very good gentlemen for aught I know—I will neither of them any harm—they never did any to me—I know nothing at all about them, God bless them!—As for the government, how can you imagine that a man who has never learned to read and write should know any thing about it? I have enough to do to take care of my boat, and my nets, and to sell my fish when I have caught them."
The admiral understanding from the manner in which the fisherman expressed himself, that his ignorance was unaffected, "at least (added he) by your looks I am sure you would make a good sailor, and as all parties are so indifferent to you, you can have no objection to serve on board my ship?" What, I! (cried the fisherman immediately) — I fight against my own country? I would not do it for a king's ransom!"
ELOQUENCE!—The following whimsical specimen of senatorial eloquence is given in a Dublin paper, as a speech delivered by the late lord Moira, on the occasion of the insurrections upon his estates, and in other parts of the north of
Ireland in the year 1778. The following extract is taken verbatim:
"My Lord, I rise to return my thanks to the noble Lord who spoke last. I can testify the truth of all he has asserted. At the time of the insurrections in the north, I had frequent and intimate conversations with that celebrated enchanter, Moll Boggan. I have often seen her riding on a black ram with a blue tail.—Once I endeavoured to fire at her, but my gun melted in my hand to a clear jelly. This jelly I tasted, and if it had been a little more acid, it would have been most excellent. The Noble Lords may laugh: but I declare the fact upon my veracity which has never been doubted.—Once I pursued this fiend into my ale cellar; she rode instantly out of my sight into the bung hole of a beer barrel. She was at that time mounted upon her black ram with the blue tail. Some time after my servants were much surprised to find their ale full of blue hairs. I was not surprised as I knew the blue hairs were the hairs of the ram's blue tail. Noble Lords may stare but the fact is as I relate it. This Moll Boggan was the fiend who raised the Oak boys to rebellion. I was well acquainted with the two cow-boys mentioned by the Noble Lord; they were my tenants, and were certainly endowed with supernatural powers. I have known one of them tear up by the roots an oak two hundred feet high, and bear it upright on his head four miles! his party on that account were called Oak boys. Noble Lords may laugh, but I speak from certain knowledge. The oak tree grew in my garden, and I have often seen five hundred swans perching on its boughs; these swans were remarkable for destroying all the snipes in the country—they flew faster than any snipe I ever saw, and you may imagine a small bird could make but feeble resistance in the talons of a swan. I hope, my Lords, you will pardon my wandering a little from the present subject!"
GEORGE II.—During the rebellion in 1743, George 2 repaired to the Council Board while the council were sitting. He asked the subject of their deliberations, and was told that they were considering how to take care of his sacred person, that he should receive no harm. "Gentlemen," replied he, nobly, "take care of yourselves: as for myself I am resolved to die king of England!"
APHORISMS.—The venal wanton, who robs her cully, is a saint to him who wheedles himself into the confidence of an honest heart, to throw his secrets to the dogs.
He who is always in want of something, cannot be very rich. 'Tis a poor wight who lives by borrowing the words, decisions, mein, inventions, and actions, of others.
Ask not only, am I hated? but, by whom? —am I loved? but, why? —As the good love thee, the bad will hate thee. [LAVATER.]
[* The enmity of a whole troop of animals one half so worthless as the "Junior Whistler" of the Trumpet, might pass unheeded. Young Editor.]
INTERIOR OF AFRICA.
MUNGO PARKE, the gentleman employed by the members of the African Association, to explore the interior of Africa, arrived in London a short time since, with, we are credibly informed, the whole of his papers and observations, which are said to be of rather an important nature to this country.—He confirms the account given by Major Houghton, of the population and extent of the city of Houssa, which lies on the great river near Tombuctoo.—The unfortunate and premature death of the Major is likewise, confirmed beyond all doubt; indeed Mr. Parke himself narrowly escaped a similar fate.—From the discoveries of Mr. Parke, much benefit may, it is presumed, result to this country.—This traveller has penetrated farther into Africa than any European living.—The inhabitants of the city of Houssa, larger and more populous than London, are exceedingly partial to our woolens, linens, Manchester stuffs and hardware, which will of course find there a safe and ready market; and we may receive in return gold and other precious metals, with which the country round Houssa naturally abounds, besides many other productions, which may be rendered highly interesting to us.
Among the discoveries of Mr. Mungo Park, the African traveller, one of the most important is, that the river Niger runs eastward, as is said by Herodotus. It is in most places larger than the Thames, and is navigated by double canoes. Some of the kingdoms near its banks extend two hundred miles in length, and near half as much in breadth. Mr. Park travelled near two thousand miles inland, from the western coast of the ocean. He found the inhabitants Negroes, with a slight mixture of Moors. They cultivate the ground by slaves, using hoes.—They do not make use of ploughs or cattle.—Their manufactures are cloth of cotton, which every family weaves for its own use. They have iron ore, which they fuse with charcoal, and make of it knives, &c. Their towns are meaner than those of South Barbary; the houses of one story, flat roofs, and unadorned by any public monuments.
Through almost the whole extent of Mr. Park's travels, he found the Lotus, which affords a farinaceous substance, made into bread, and which, with the Indian corn, is the chief support of the inhabitants. There is another tree, which he calls the Butter-tree, because the kernels of its nuts afford a substance exactly resembling butter in its taste, as well as colour and consistency.
The natives are ignorant Pagans; physic and conjuring are the most useful trades in tra-
veling through their country. Their medium of exchange consists in gold dust, and the shells called couries, which pass as coin also in India. They are not cruel or unfriendly to strangers. A king of one of the largest districts, about fifteen hundred miles from the western coast, though he suspected Mr. P. to be sent as a spy, yet dismissed him with a present of five thousand couries. Lions and other wild beasts are not formidable obstacles to a traveller. Mr. P. was more afraid of meeting with one Moor than with twenty lions. Eng. paper.
SCIENCE OF NUTRITION.
From the London Review, of Count RUMFORD.
THE investigation of the science of nutrition the Count very justly considers as a subject curious in itself, and highly interesting to mankind, and it appears that he has made it a favourite study. We entirely agree with him in the idea that many important discoveries and improvements must result from the pursuit, till we obtain a more perfect knowledge of it; and the specimen he has given in the following philosophical account of the virtues of water, is a convincing proof that great advantages may be derived from future discoveries relative to the mysterious operation of nutrition.
"Since it has been known that water is not a simple element, but a compound, and capable of being decomposed, much light has been thrown upon many operations of nature which formerly were wrapped up in obscurity. In vegetation, for instance, it has been rendered extremely probable, that water acts a much more important part than was formerly assigned to it by philosophers. That it serves not only as a vehicle of nourishment, but constitutes at least one part of the food of plants; that it is decomposed by them, and contributes materially to their growth; and that manures serve rather to prepare the water for decomposition, than to form of themselves substantially and directly the nourishment of vegetables."
"Now a very clear analogy may easily be traced between the vegetation and growth of plants, and the digestion and nourishment of animals; and as water is indispensably necessary in both processes, and is in one of them (vegetation) it appears evidently to serve as food, why should we not suppose it may serve as food in the other? There is, in my opinion, abundant reason to suspect that this is really the case."
After making a variety of experiments in providing food for the poor at Munich, he was confirmed in his opinion, and not a little surprised on discovering the very small quantity of solid food which, when properly prepared, will suffice to satisfy hunger, and support life and health, and the very trifling expense at which the stoutest and most laborious man may, in any country, be fed. This discovery is the basis of all the Count's cheap preparations of food, and of course they consist of soups.
"It was found that the cheapest, most savoury, and most nourishing food that could be provided, was a soup composed of pearl barley, peas, potatoes, cuttings of fine wheaten bread, vinegar, salt, and water, in certain proportions."
The method of preparing this soup is as follows: "The water and the pearl barley are first put together into the boiler, and made to boil; the peas are then added, and the boiling is continued over a gentle fire about two hours; the potatoes are then added, having been previously peeled with a knife, or having been boiled, in order to their being more easily deprived of their skins, and the boiling is continued for about one hour more, during which time the contents of the boiler are frequently stirred about with a large wooden spoon or ladle, in order to destroy the texture of the potatoes, and to reduce the soup to one uniform mass. When this is done, the vinegar and salt are added; and last of all, at the moment it is served up, the cuttings of bread." He afterwards informs us, that it would be better not to put the cuttings of bread into the boiler at all, but to put them into the tubs in which the soup is carried from the kitchen into the dining hall, pouring the soup hot from the boiler upon them; and in giving these directions, one of the numberless tautologies we have complained of occurs. Hard and stale bread, we are told, answers the purpose better than any other, for it renders mastication necessary, and mastication seems very powerfully to assist in promoting digestion; it likewise prolongs the duration of the enjoyment of eating, a matter of very great importance indeed, and which has not hitherto been sufficiently attended to.
BIOGRAPHY.
BUONAPARTE is said by a recent Biographer to be the issue of an amour between Le Count Marboeuf, and Madame Buonaparte.—Educated at the Departmental School of Brienne, he early evinced a thirst for knowledge, and contempt for the pleasures that occupied, not his associates, for he would not have any, but of his school fellows; devoting such hours as were not employed in study, to labour in a garden, of which he was particularly fond.—His first conceptions were military, and when others fled from the inclemencies of the weather, he would employ himself in forming the most ingenious fortifications in frozen snow, which, when he could simulate other boys, he would attack or defend. On passing the required and rigid examination, he was admitted to the College at Paris, under the immediate protection of the Sovereign, where he gave increased proofs of application, activity, and that comprehensive genius that has since so materially operated on the fortunes of the continent of Europe.
AGRICULTURE.
Improved method of raising CUCUMBERS.
"I PROCURED some of the best seeds of the common prickly cucumber I could get; from this, in the spring, I raised some plants on a moderate hot bed, not hurrying them too much in the growth. In May, when the danger of the frost was almost over, I familiarized the plants by degrees to the air, and towards the latter end of the month planted them in the open ground, against a south wall. In this situation they threw apace, and as fast as they put forth runners, I nailed them gently up against the wall. They did not send forth many blossoms till they had run up a considerable height, at least five feet; after which the fruit began to shew itself. I did not give the plants too much water, and this I have since found a necessary precaution. The fruit increased in size daily, was of a fine green colour, and differed greatly from that of some other plants raised from the same seed, but planted in the ordinary way; the runners being suffered to trail on the ground. When I gathered my first cucumber, I was exceedingly delighted at its appearance; for it was long, thin in proportion to its length, of a beautiful green colour, not too deep, with a whitish summit. When I cut, I found the flesh thick and firm, but few seeds, and those very small; and its flavour was inexpressibly delicious, especially to me, who had been so long without eating any of that favourite fruit. It was the same thing with all I afterwards gathered from these vines. I was not, however, so much taken up with the indulgence of my palate, for the present as to neglect providing for a future supply of good fruit; accordingly, I pitched upon some of the finest cucumbers, not at too great a distance from the roots, and left them on the vines to perfect their seed. In this manner have I raised cucumbers for my own eating ever since, and have the good fortune to find that instead of degenerating, they have improved so much as not to be known for the common cucumber. My neighbours in the country are glad when I have any seed to spare them, and always find cucumbers, that year much the better for the using it, tho' they do not grow so large as mine, unless nailed up against the wall. I must own, that in my method the plants do not bear so great a number of cucumbers as in the common way; but then they are, without comparison, larger and of an exquisite flavour."
John Clinton, TAYLOR & HABITMAKER, RETURNS his thanks to the citizens of Portland and its vicinity, for their liberal encouragement, and informs them that he carries on the above branches of business as usual, at his shop in Middle street, where he has for sale,
A handsome assortment of English Goods.
He solicits a continuance of their favours, and assures them that he will pay every attention to their commands.
Gentlemen in the country who may favour him with their orders, may depend on punctuality.
Portland, May 14, 1798.
Count Rumford's Works,
POLITICAL, Economical and Philosophical, are printing in Boston by D. WEST. This edition is printing on a new type, and excellent paper.
Subscriptions received at this Office, and at the several Book stores in town.
The first volume, which is just out of the press, contains six engravings in the Essay of Chimney Fire Places, &c.—Also a striking likeness of the author. May 14.
The GLEANER,
A new work, by a Lady of Boston.
IS ready for Subscribers at Mr. WARREN's Book-store. Persons who may wish to purchase may be supplied at the same place. May 14.
THIS GAZETTE,
Will be regularly published on MONDAYS, at E. A. JENKS's Printing-Office, in Middle street, near the head of Fifth street, Portland; where subscriptions, advertisements, and communications, are received with attention.
The terms are, ONE DOLLAR & FIFTY CENTS per annum, exclusive of postage. Punctual payments are requested.
PRINTING,
in its various branches, executed with attention and dispatch. Orders for Books, Pamphlets, Blanks, Handbills, &c. duly attended to.