Alexandria advertiser and commercial intelligencer (Alexandria [Va.]), 1802-03-01 00:00:00

Wm. Earleton
Alexandria Advertiser AND COMMERCIAL INTELLIGENCER.
VOL. II.]
MONDAY, MARCH 1, 1804.
[No. 379.
Sale by Auction.
On WEDNESDAY next, At ten o'clock, will be sold at the Auction Room,
Rum in hhds. and bds.
Sugar in do.
Coffee in bags,
Soap and Candles in boxes,
Raisins in do.
Starch in do.
Tobacco in kegs, &c. —ALSO,
A quantity of Dry Goods,
Viz.
Kendal Cottons,
Kerseys,
Half-thicks, Plains,
Plaids, Coatings,
Duffils, Flannels,
Irish and Sheeting Linens,
German Osnaburgs,
Calicoes, Durants,
Shawls, Handkerchiefs,
Ladies' Silk Gloves,
Sewing Silks, Threads, &c.,
H. and T. MOORE,
Auctioneers.
Feb. 8.
Public Sale.
On TUESDAY,
At ten o'clock, will be sold at the Vendue Store,
3d and 4th proof Antigua and
Jamaica Rum in hhds. and bds.
French Brandy in bds.
Holland Gin in bds.
Teneriffe Wine in casks,
Cordials in bds.
Sugar in hhds and bds.
Molasses in hhds.
Rice in tiers and bds.
Soap in boxes,
Queens and Earthen Ware in crates,
handsomely assorted,
30 boxes Havana Segars,
Cotton in bales...on a credit.
ALSO,
A variety of DRY GOODS,
—AMONG WHICH ARE—
Broad and narrow Cloths,
Flannels and Planes,
Carpets and Carpeting.
Irish and German Linens,
Worsted and cotton Stockings,
Calicoes and Ginghams,
A variety of Muslin and Muslin Hand
kerchiefs and Shawls,
Table Cloths, Hats,
Boots and Shoes,
Hardware, and
A number of other articles.
P. G. MARSTELLER,
Vendue Master.
Feb. 8.
Public Sale.
At the house of Mr. A. CAYOL, Prince street, next door to Mr. M. Miller's, will PEREMPTORILY BE SOLD, on Thursday next, at 10 o'clock,
A VARIETY OF
Household and Kitchen
FURNITURE,
And
A quantity of JEWELRY:
Consisting of gold and silver watches, gold necklaces and watch chains, bracelets, ear rings, rings, silver table and tea spoons, with a number of other articles.
P. G. MARSTELLER,
Vendue Master.
Feb. 25.
PUBLIC SALE.
On TUESDAY next, at half past ten o'clock, will be sold the Vendue Store,
Two bales of
INDIA MUSLIN,
and a number of other Dry Goods.
P. G. MARSTELLER, v. m.
February 27.
Cash given at this office for clean Rags.
William Hawthorne Has for Sale at his Mill, or in Alexandria, Plaister of Paris by the ton, or ready ground by the bushel, Indian Meal and Rye Meal, bolted or unbolted, Corn, or any other grain, ground for toll at the mill.
At his store in town, Hay in bundles, Corn by the bushel, Loaf and lump Sugar by the hoghead or barrel, First and second quality James Tobacco, in kegs, A few very good Mill Spindles, Two good Scale Beams.
For Sale, One Share in the Potomac Company,
A number of valuable Lots in town. Also, for Sale or Rent,
A valuable Brick House on King Street, now in the tenure of Thomas Cruse.
To Let, A two story Frame House on Duke Street, with a large garden and well of good water at the door. 18 mo. 18. d
ROBBERY.
One Hundred Dollars Reward. THE subscribers' store was last night broke open and the following Cash and Goods taken therefrom, viz.
About 100 dollars in cash, Cross-barred and striped coarse swansdown, 1 Piece of superfine brown cloth, 1 do. do. dark bottle green, 1 do. of dark brown superfine, 1 do. dark mixed brown superfine, 2 do. of blue fine cloth, 1 do. of dark mixture fine cloth, 3 do. lapet muslins, Of sprigged muslins a number—also dimities; camel hair shawls; brown, red and blue bandannoes; yellow flags and cinnamon silk shawls; a number of India book muslins; womens' blue and white worsted and cotton stockings, mens' fancy cotton stockings; a few pieces of Marseilles vest patterns and silk nankeen, together with a variety of other articles not particularly recollected.
The above reward will be paid to any person for discovering the Cash and Goods and convicting the thief or thieves; or Fifty Dollars for all the Goods, or in proportion for any part of the Goods recovered.
It is hoped all well disposed persons will interest themselves in discovering and bringing to condign punishment the perpetrators of this daring attack upon the property of citizens. J. & M. SCHOLFIELD. January 2. d
Such Printers as are disposed to detect villainy are requested to insert the above.
JUST RECEIVED, And for sale on a liberal credit, or to exchange for Flour,
1900 bushels of excellent Turk's Island Salt, and
40 bds. prime Beef. I have also,
20 quarter casks Port Wine. Wm. HODGSON. Feb. 3. d
JUST RECEIVED, COARSE WOOLLENS,
Consisting of Nap'd cottons, half thicks, pladdings, striped blankets and kersey duffils...For sale on very moderate terms by the package, on the usual credit. Wm. HODGSON. Oct. 6. d
Cash given for rags.
FOR SALE, The Cargo of the brig Little Sally, capt. Cozens, From Rhode-Island, now landing and consisting of
French Brandy, Holland Gin (entitled to drawback) Country Gin, West-India Rum, N. England do. Loaf Sugar, Castile Soap, Tanner's Oil, R. I. Cheese of an excellent quality, Seal Leather, Russia and ravens Duck and Sheeting, Cordage, 1 bale of Ticklenburgs, &c. For Sale, Freight or Charter, The said brig Little Sally, burthen about 650 barrels, an excellent vessel and well equipped. Apply to J. G. LADD. Jan. 4. d
JUST RECEIVED.
Just received by the subscriber, at his Grocery and Fruit Store, lower end of Prince Street,
Fresh Oranges and Lemons in boxes from Lisbon, Do. figs in frails, 30 boxes fresh bloom Raisins, Soft shell'd Almonds, Tamarins.
Also, Apples by the barrel, Shellbarks do. Good Cyder do. Soap and Candles in boxes, Mould Candles do.
R. Island Cheese and Potatoes of a superior quality, Queens Ware assorted, And every other article in the GROCERY LINE.
Thomas Simms. Feb. 6. d
JANNEY & PATON
HAVE FOR SALE, 90 Pieces of Russia Duck, 30 Ravens do. 6 Chests of Souchong Tea, Havanna white & brown Sugars in boxes, West-India do. in hhds. and barrels, Coffee in bags and barrels, Holland Gin in barrels, Sweet Oil in boxes of 12 bottles each, Castile Soap in boxes, Shoes in boxes assorted, East-India Goods.
Also,
The Cargo of the Schooner Lucy, captain Snow, consisting of 43 Tons Plaister of Paris, 60 Casks of Lime, 10 Barrels of Tanner's Oil, 115 Reams of Wrapping Paper, 40 Boxes of dipt Candles. January 22. d
GEORGE KUCH, Manufacturer of Chip and Straw Hats and Scoops, AT GRACEHAM,
Having entered into contracts which preclude him from disposing of the articles by the Box, takes the liberty of requesting his friends and customers to direct their future orders to
Messrs. A. and I. SHRIVER,
IN FREDERICK-TOWN; with whom he is under contract for a regular and extensive supply; and where orders will be properly and respectfully attended to, upon terms fully as advantageous, and more convenient, than would have been in the power of the manufacturer.
Frederick-Town, Feb. 14. d3w
JANNEY & PATON
Have just received and offer for Sale, A quantity of New-England Rum, and Liverpool Ware in crates. Feb. 2. d
An Apprentice wanted
In obedience to a Decree of the Court of Alexandria county, on Saturday the sixth day of March next, will be offered for sale on the premises, for ready money,
A Lot of Ground
Containing half an acre; lying upon the east side of Alfred Street and south side of Cameron Street, in the town of Alexandria; extending on Alfred Street 176 feet 7 inches, and on Cameron Street 123 feet 3 inches. There are a convenient two story frame dwelling house, with a kitchen and other out houses upon the lot. The lot is subject to an annual rent which will be made known on the day of sale. As the lot is large it will be divided into smaller dividends, and sold either in parcels or altogether as will best suit purchasers. This sale is made to satisfy a debt due from Thomas Richards to Thompson and Veitch.
JAMES KEITH, JOHN JANNEY, JOHN DUNLAP, Com'rs. Feb. 5. d
Notice.
LAWRENCE OWEN having assigned all his property, for the benefit of his creditors, to the subscribers, all persons having demands against him are requested to present their accounts to
Wm. W. SMITH, Philadelphia, or KENNEDY OWEN, Baltimore, Assignees. Feb. 24. d
Twenty Dollars Reward.
ELOPED from the subscriber, this morning, a Negro woman, called
TEANY,
about 18 years of age. She had on, when she ran away, a jacket and petticoat of blue plains, an oznaburgh apron and a flannel under coat. She has naturally a wild look, and has a large welt upon her back, occasioned by a burn. It is very probable, if she has left town, that she has made for her parents who live at Mr. Turberville's Quarter, about 20 miles from Alexandria, on the Fall's Church road. The above reward will be given to whoever apprehends and secures the abovenamed woman, so as I may get her again.
THOS. RICHARDS. Feb. 23. d
APPLES.
JUST received, and now selling, a parcel of excellent Apples in bds. Apply to J. G. LADD. Feb. 23. d
FOR SALE,
A likely MULATTO GIRL about 15 years old. Enquire of the Printers. Feb. 10. d3w
JUST RECEIVED
And for sale by the subscriber, lower end of PRINCE-STREET, a few barrels of
APPLES.
THO. SIMMS. Feb. 25. d
GERMAN LINENS.
Joseph Riddle & Co.
HAVE FOR SALE
Best white Ticklenburg, Second qual. do. Brown do. Osnaburgs, Brown Hempen Rolls, White do. Hessian do. Brown Holland and Dowlas.
ALSO ON HAND,
A Quantity of
Turk's Island, Isle of May, and Cadiz SALT. December 22. d

Congress of the United States.
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES.
Wednesday, February 17.
Debate on the bill received from the Senate entitled "An Act to repeal certain acts respecting the organization of the courts of the U. States."
(Mr. Thompson's Speech concluded.)
Let us then enquire, Mr. Chairman, by what tenure the judges hold their offices—"The judges both of the supreme and inferior court, shall hold their offices during good behaviour." Const. Art. 3, Sec. 1. The gentleman from North Carolina enquires, if they have been guilty of any misdemeanor. How then are we to break down this constitutional rampart, with which they are entrenched? How, (to use the gentleman's own expression) are the judges to be burled from their offices? There is no gentleman, Mr. Chairman, within these walls, who would more sincerely wish the judiciary to possess a due and proper independence than myself; but although I do not admit the right of the legislature to hurl these judges from their offices, yet I must contend and shall ever contend for the right which congress possesses to abolish an office, or in other words to repeal a law creating an office, whenever it shall be plainly proved to them that such an office is unnecessary and oppressive. They may hold their offices during good behaviour, if their offices exist; but most certainly the moment the office is legally destroyed, that is, the moment the law establishing the office is repealed, there must be an end of the tenure. Those sages, who formed the constitution, Mr. Chairman, never contemplated a privileged order of men in that society for whose happiness they formed that instrument. The exposition, which is now given to it, is very different indeed from that which was intended by them. I have read and have heard, sir, that this is a government of experiment. That in the annals of nations it has no likeness—No prototype—The effects of this particular department of the government were not better understood than the effects of the other departments of the government—it was to be tested by experience, the touchstone of truth; if one system in its operation did not answer the expectation of the legislature, ample room was allowed for the introduction of some other, and for the abolition of the former; hence come the expressions "from time to time ordain and establish"—What says the constitution? "The judicial power of the United States shall be vested in one supreme court, and such inferior courts, as congress shall from time to time ordain and establish." Congress may then or congress may not from time to time ordain and establish courts. But if they establish courts, so likewise may they abolish courts. Into what a variety of absurdities shall we be plunged, if we reject this reasonable interpretation? The right to modify the law being conceded, but not the right to deprive the judges of their offices, our country would exhibit a spectacle which it never has yet and I hope never will exhibit—officers without offices—judges without courts—A privileged order out of the reach of the constitution, (for being deprived of their offices they can not be impeached) drawing money from the treasury, and rendering no services for their salaries. Is this the meaning of that constitution which declares that "the judges during their continuance in office shall receive a compensation for their services; a compensation?" But suppose, Mr. Chairman, they perform no service: Suppose there be no service for them to perform, what then is to be their compensation? Will the judge say to the legislature, increase my duties, make them proportionate to my salary, and I will perform them? Not so Mr. Chairman; an increase of salary is never objected to; a diminution of duty is never objected to; but if duties are increased, salaries must also be increased. If I understand the word compensation, it signifies a something given for a something performed. But if there be no duty performed (and if there be no office there can be no duty) then there ought to be no compensation. In the English language there is such a word as sinecure. This is a word, Mr. Chairman, which as yet we do not practically understand. This is a word abhorrent to the spirit of our constitution. Yet, sir, if the construction of the constitution,
which is now contended for, be admitted, this will be a word which we shall soon practically feel, and practically understand. We shall have a set of men receiving the public treasures not in consideration of public services, but without any services whatever being performed; or in other words, we shall lay the foundation of a sinecure system, the consequences of which will be incalculable, and the effects of which will be indescribably destructive.
But, Mr. Chairman, I will shew you a precedent and a recent one too, where the legislature put a different construction upon the constitution; I will shew you a precedent where a federal congress, our immediate predecessors, did not hesitate to exercise the powers we contend for: by the 27th Sec. of the law of the last session, which I have had occasion before to advert to, the circuit courts are abolished. Then that congress not only thought themselves justifiable in touching the judges of the inferior courts, but of the supreme court likewise; for you will find that the same law which constituted the supreme court, particular and express duties or officers, that is, to perform the duties of a judge of the supreme court, as is in that law defined, and to perform the duties of judges of the circuit court as is likewise defined in that law; and in abolishing the circuit courts, half the office of the judges of the supreme court were abolished.
Perhaps, Mr. Chairman, that congress had as great a right to abolish the whole office as half the office: but whether that was an infraction of the constitution, or whether it would be an infraction of the constitution to abolish the office of a judge of the supreme court, I will not now detain you to enquire, because it appears to bear but little upon the immediate subject before us, it not being the intention of the bill, as I understand it, to interfere with the offices of the judges of the supreme court, further than to restore them to that firm, that rightful, that constitutional ground, on which they stood previously to the passage of the law of the last session, and to all the duties and immunities of which I most sincerely wish to see them restored.
But, Mr. Chairman, the gentleman from Pennsylvania has informed us, it is acknowledged that the law of the last session is constitutional; in this I can by no means agree with that gentleman.—There is one section in that law, Sir, which in my humble opinion is a flagrant violation of the constitution. By the 24th section of that law the district courts of Kentucky and Tennessee are abolished. Had our predecessors stopped at this point, we should have no cause on this day to charge them with a violation of their charter, they would have done no more in principle than we now contend we have a right to do. But they went further—they usurped a power in my opinion, not given them by the constitution, they usurped a power exclusively vested in the president and senate. By the 7th section of the same law, the judges of the district courts of Kentucky and Tennessee, are appointed circuit judges in fact, not indeed in name, but in reality the duties of circuit judges of the sixth circuit are assigned them. The district courts of Kentucky and Tennessee are abolished, and I wish to be informed if they are not circuit judges to all intents and purposes, and I wish further to be informed, if they are not circuit judges appointed by the legislature, and in direct violation of that article of the constitution, which has, in the most express terms, vested this power in the president and senate. Sir, did I apprehend the gentleman from Pennsylvania aright, when I understood him to say, the name of a judge does not define or constitute the duty of a judge?
This is indeed a melancholy exemplification. Shall I be told that by the law they are still district judges? How long Mr. Chairman, are we to be imposed on by sound, how long are we to be entangled with the cobwebs of sophistry. But, sir, the gentleman from North Carolina, has warned us, solemnly warned us, against the violation of the constitution. Was that gentleman a member of this house, when the law which I have just been speaking of, passed? I perceive by your journals that he was—why then, Sir, were not these sensations which he now experiences with such exquisite sensibility, awakened? Why were they not awakened a year ago, when he might
perhaps have prevented an actual Violation of the constitution? I ask the honorable gentleman, Sir, when with a sacrilegious hand this vital wound was inflicted on the constitution, if he raised no plaintive cry of spare, oh! spare the constitution of my country? Yesterday, Sir, the gentleman informed us if the bill on your table should pass he would heave no sigh, he would drop no tears over the expiring constitution. When that law passed, did he heave no sigh did he drop no tear? Oh no sir, very different was the course which was then pursued. With cool, with cruel deliberation, the devoted victim was immolated, and the blood which issued from the gaping wound will forever stain the pages of your statute book.
Mr. Chairman, the expediency of the law now under consideration, and the propriety of adopting a measure of this nature, at the present time, have been so fully and so satisfactorily discussed in the senate, not many days ago, that to this point I shall apply but few observations. Coming from a state where justice is administered with promptness and frugality, I confess that the stupendous fabric of the federal judiciary excites my astonishment. I had, Sir, supposed, that the document which has been furnished by the executive, would be a full and complete answer to any thing that could be said on this division of the subject; but, Sir, the gentleman from Pennsylvania, has informed us that if the unascertained causes of the state of Maryland were added, the aggregate number of depending cases in the courts of the United States would probably amount to sixteen hundred, and he enquires if it is practicable for the courts, after the repeal of the law of the last session, to determine this number of causes, scattered over the United States. Sir, when I cast my eyes across the Potomack, and call to my recollection the system of jurisprudence established in my country, I cannot hesitate a moment in giving him an affirmative answer.
I have not, Mr. Chairman, nor was it possible for me to procure, documents from the district courts of my state to shew the committee the number of suits which are depending in them. But, Sir, when I reflect how often I have seen a venerable citizen of that state respectable for his great learning, respectable for his irreproachable life, and respectable for his years, (being aged I believe full seventy) who is judge of the high court of chancery there, devoting his days and his nights to the avocations of his office, in the plain garb of a common citizen, dispensing justice and satisfaction to the multitude of citizens whose causes are tried before his tribunal; when I reflect on the number of decisions which are made in his court in the course of a year; and when I overlook a document which I have now in my possession from the clerk of that court, and which I shall presently offer to the view of this committee, I can have no difficulty in pronouncing the sincere opinion which I entertain that he performs more duty, and perhaps with greater ability, than the whole judicial corps of the United States. [Read the document from the clerk of the high court of chancery of Virginia.]
And what, Mr. Chairman, is the compensation which this venerable citizen receives? Fifteen hundred dollars; no more—compare this with the sum which supports and decorates the fair composite column, which we are informed is one of the strong pillars of our government; and to touch which we are told will occasion the beautiful fabric to tumble in the dust. Have we not state courts diffused in abundance over every commonwealth composing this union? are they not competent to the decision of all cases of controversy between citizen and citizen? Is not the jurisdiction of the federal court extremely limited from the true and genuine construction of the constitution? Where then was the necessity of the law of the last session which ramified and encreased these courts? But, sir, the honorable gentleman from North Carolina has found another use for them; he has told us "the people when they established this constitution did not delegate the power of legislation to the House of Representatives alone. They established the Senate as a check upon the House of Representatives, knowing the violent impulses which often actuate popular assemblies, they gave the President too the power to negative laws. When a law had passed these various branches of the government, it became necessary to erect a third department, called the judiciary, not holding their offices dur-
ing pleasure but during "good behaviour." Did I comprehend the argument of gentlemen when I supposed it went to the establishment of this department, as a check upon the legislature, and did I comprehend the argument of the gentleman from Pennsylvania when he cited judge Paterson's charge, which I have not seen but from which as he read, I noted these words "I hold it to be the duty of the court in such case, to declare the law null and void." If I have not misunderstood the gentleman, I confess my eyes are now opened. I begin to see some of those apprehensions which have been so strongly talked about, and which heretofore I have not been accustomed to experience. Not, sir, from a fear of usurpation of power on the part of the legislature—for they are biennially responsible to their constituents for the sacred observations of the charter of their rights; not, sir, from a fear of usurpation or power on the part of the executive, for the term of his service is limited to four years, and therefore he is liable to lose his office in case of an infraction of the constitution on his part; but from a desire which I fear this check-department of the government has to grasp at all power. Give the judiciary this check upon the legislature, allow them the power to declare your laws null and void, allow the common law, a system extending to all persons and to all things, to be attached to the constitution, as I understand it is contended; and in vain have the people placed you upon this floor to legislate; your laws will be nullified, your proceedings will be checked. As long as the office exists the judge holds it during good behaviour; he is then independent. Being independent, and not having that degree of responsibility attached to his office which is attached to the legislature or to the executive, the powers granted by the constitution are to be strictly construed; nothing is to be left to implication; nothing to construction; the letter is to determine the extent of their power, and I conceive it never was intended they should transcend it. I have, sir, looked into the constitution with a scrutinizing eye, to discern, if possible, whence these pretensions are derived. There are but two clauses of the constitution, which can even give a pretence for the power which is contended for. The first is as follows "The judicial power of the United States shall extend to all cases in law and equity, arising under this constitution, the laws of the United States, and treaties made, or which shall be made, under their authority." To declare a law null and void is certainly not such a case, either in law or equity, arising under the constitution, as was contemplated to be embraced by the paragraph I have cited. It will be in vain to say, that without such a construction the constitution cannot be satisfied. I am not now to learn that there are two descriptions of cases which will be fully sufficient to satisfy the terms there expressed, in their utmost extent, as where cases shall arise between citizens of different states, or between citizens and foreigners which are to be decided either by state laws or by foreign laws; or where cases shall arise between citizens of the same state in consequence of an unconstitutional exercise of power on the part of the state, in emitting and making bills of credit a lawful tender. The other clause of the constitution is as follows: "This constitution and the laws of the United States which shall be made in pursuance thereof, &c. shall be the supreme law of the land, and the judges in every state shall be bound thereby." This, certainly, from the words with which it concludes was intended as an instruction or direction to the judges of the state courts; and if they were transposed perhaps would more fully communicate the intention of their framers, reading in this form, "the judges in any state shall be bound by this constitution, &c." Is there any reasonable person, sir, after this explanation, will say that by either or by both of the clauses a power is given to your judiciary to declare your laws null and void? They may, to be sure, for a while impede the passage of a law, by a decision against its constitutionality; yet notwithstanding, the law is in force, is not nullified, and will be acted upon, whenever there is a charge of opinion. The legislative, executive and judicial departments should be kept separate and distinct. This I agree to, it has become an axiom in politics that they should. Yet, I enquire, will this be the case, if you allow the judiciary the pow-

er to annul your laws, and concede that the common law is attached to the constitution? I am persuaded you thereby concentrate all power in one department. The common law is the constitution; and the court may, if they please, declare it void.
But I have not heard it explained whether the common law simply, without statutory amendments—or the common law with statutory amendments—or with what statutory amendments, is to be attached to the constitution? I believe it is intended they have a right to apply such parts of it as are applicable to the constitution. The common law extends to all persons and all things. The judges have the right of adopting this law, or such parts as they deem applicable; they annul your laws. If these powers are really contended for on the part of the judiciary, and if these powers should ever be conceded, they would without doubt possess an unlimited and uncontrollable power of legislation. I am free for my own part to declare, that I had rather live under the government of a lenient despot than such a government of judges. And if these powers are really contended for I feel no hesitation in informing you, Mr. Chairman, that this is the tree where despotism lies concealed. And this too is the auspicious moment, when those branches should be pruned away, which of late have vegetated with extraordinary luxuriance. But, sir, nurture it with your treasure, stop not its ramifications, and suffer me seriously to enquire what will be the consequence? It will overshadow your executive republic; your soil will become too sterile for the plant of liberty; your atmosphere will be contaminated with its poisonous effluvia, and your soaring eagle fall dead at its root.
BOSTON, February 16.
Arrived, schr. Three Brothers, Staple, from Cape Francois. Left there only a few Americans, none of whom had lately arrived; amongst them was the Augusta, Davis, of Gloucester; and Catherine, Cloutman, of Marblehead; the others belonged to the southward. Sailed in comp. brig Dove, Lambart, for Boston, schr Junio, for New-York, and several for Charleston. Markets glutted.
Frig Ranger, Harris, from Lisbon, Left there Ocean, Monson, of Boston; Neutrality, Peterson, ditto; Lucy Robbins Plymouth; schooner Hawk, Bacon, do; American Hero, Lindsey, Savannah, in distress, from Liverpool; belonging to New-York; of Philadelphia, and of Norfolk Sailed in co. Catherine Ray, Lenthall, for Rhode Island; Atlas, Wilson, New-York; Wilmington, Woodward, Philadelphia; Sally, Dove, Baltimore.
NEW-YORK, Feb. 22.
Arrived, brig Amiable, Depeyster, from Amsterdam. Sailed in company with ship Foxwell of Boston, bound to Batavia; ship Samuel Smith, of and for Baltimore; ships Resource and Anna-Wan for the Isle of May, Ship Matilda of Philadelphia left Amsterdam a few days before. Left, ship John Jay, Prior of Prov. for Batavia; ship John of Charleston; ship Iris, of Philadelphia; ship Liberty, of Philadelphia, Payne; brig Augustus, Washington, Mitchell, New-York.
Ship Columbia Heard, from Amsterdam. Left there, ship Mary, Baine, and ship Chesapeake, Tombs, both of this port.
Particulars relative to the loss of the brig Enterprize, capt. George Creed, of this port. To the Editor of the Mercantile Advertiser.
SIR,
We failed from Kingston, (Jam.) on or about the 28th of March, 1801, in deep fair ballast, having a quantity of specie on board, bound direct for New-York. Four or five days after leaving port, wind blowing fresh, began to make water very fast, so as to keep one pump continually going, and at times two, which induced the capt. to try to fetch the Havanna in order to stop her leaks. On the 6th of April, between the hours of 12 and 1, the suddenly went down, of Cape Antonio, without giving any previous notice, both pumps going at the time, at one of which the survivor was. Capt. Creed had taken the sun and had gone down in the cabin to put up his quadrant, as the survivor believes; from which time he never saw him afterwards, as the brig went down so sudden that the men in the forecastle and capt. and boy in the cabin had not time to fetch the deck.
The survivor, on finding the water on deck which was the first notice, called to the mate who was at the helm, that the brig was going down; on which the mate laid himself across the tiller. The survivor then made an attempt to alarm the men in the forecastle; and saw one man trying to get out, but was unable, as the water beat him back; on which the survivor jumped into the sea. On his fetching the surface of the water, he found the brig had disappeared and not a soul to be seen. The survivor then got on a spar that floated; and, after lying in the water (as he supposes) about an hour, was picked up by a Danish schooner, bound to New-Orleans, where they arrived twelve days after. The survivor, after some time, got passage on board a vessel to come home, as he expected, which cleared out for Charleston; but was taken by two Spanish vessels and carried into Campeachy, where they were kept in prison four or five months. He at last obtained a passport, and took passage on board a brig bound to Charleston; was captured by La Seine, British frigate, who took out all hands, and ordered the brig for Kingston. On the frigate's arrival at Kingston, he effected his escape; took passage on board the palace ship Fanny, and arrived here on the 16th instant.
GEORGE X JARVIS, mark.
Names of the persons lost with the brig; George Creed, master; Joseph Holcombe, mate; Samuel Titus, seaman; Jonas Hagger, ditto; Peter Platt, ditto; Charles Kiffam, a black; Morris Kiffam, ditto, cook; James Lincoln, a boy; and one man working his passage home.
February 23.
Extract of a letter from Cayenne, received in this city via Baltimore, dated January 3d.
"By the definitive peace between France and Portugal, the limits of the French and Portuguese Guayana being fixed at the Caramatuba river, Citizen Victor Hugues, agent of the colony at Cayenne, has just sent suitable persons to reconnoitre and take possession thereof. The colony is in a state of the most perfect tranquillity."
February 24.
A letter from capt. Law, of the ship Fame, of this port, received on Monday, by Messrs. Bedient and Hubbell, the owners, dated Ramsgate, Dec. 21, informing of her arrival there from Alexandria, in 31 days. Capt. Law informs, that in a gale on the 10th of Dec. about 30 sail of vessels parted their cables in the mouth of the Thames; amongst which was a valuable East-Indiaman, belonging to Philadelphia, which lost her bowsprit and fore-mast and put into Ramsgate.
BALTIMORE, February 27.
A meeting of the printers, and others concerned, was held at Mr. James Bryden's this evening, the 26th instant, pursuant to notice in the public papers, to take into consideration the expediency of presenting a memorial to congress, against the proposed additional duty on printing types—George Hill, in the chair, and Mathew Brown, secretary. After a short discussion on the object of the meeting, and the tendency of the contemplated duty, it was
Resolved, That Samuel Butler, Vincent Benfall, and Mathew Brown, be appointed a committee to prepare a memorial to congress on the subject, and that they report to this meeting, to-morrow evening at 7 o'clock.
Resolved, That the proceedings of this meeting be published in the different papers, and that those concerned, be requested to be punctual in their attendance, at the time appointed.
GEORGE HILL, Chairman. M. BROWN, Secretary.
February 26.
Alexandria Advertiser.
MONDAY, MARCH 1.
Our correspondent THEOPHILUS, is requested not to attribute the non-appearance of his production to an intention on our part not to publish it; but to the lengthy and interesting debates on the judiciary system, which we conceive, at this time, demand our earliest attention—As soon as it is decided whether we shall be permitted on the "temptuous sea of liberty," or permitted to sail down the smooth surface of order and good government, under the auspices of the constitution, we shall give it an early place.
Extra of a letter from a respectable commercial house in Liverpool to their correspondent in Boston, dated Liverpool, Dec. 22, 1801.
"By an order in council dated the 12th inst. the exportation of Grain and Flour, the produce of this country, and also salted provisions, is prohibited for six months, and for the like period, permission is given to import foreign corn, rice, beef, pork, hams, &c. free of duty. This together with other circumstances, seems to imply on the part of our ministers, an apprehension that, notwithstanding the abundant harvest, it is still probable, that economy in the use of the existing stocks of provisions will be found necessary, as well as an increase of them by further supplies; and it appears to us, that the prices of provisions generally may be expected to be higher in the spring than they are at present.
"Man is the forest, surest foe to man." DR. YOUNG.
This is language no less of scripture than of experience. From the pulpit we are constantly reminded of the fall of man—of his natural propensity to sin—the predominance of his passions over his reason, and of the necessity of some superior control, in order to restrain him from the perpetration of evil. Every day's experience, no less than the history of every age of the world, confirms the truth of these positions. To what era of time can we refer when the hand of man was not listed against man—when some petty dispute about a small portion of land, or point of honor, did not drench the earth with the blood of its children! Yet were we to listen to the tales of certain dreaming Philosophers of the present day—to the VIRTUOUS REPUBLICANS of our own country, we should be persuaded in the very face of history and experience, that man was a harmless creature, made up of the milk of kindness, and alike indisposed to give and to take offence. From philosophers and politicians of this stamp, we hear nothing that is harsh to the popular ear. When the public are told the wholesome truth, which is the radical principle of all government, that it is the primary object of political constitutions and municipal justice "to save the people from themselves," what an outcry is raised by demagogues against the eloquent and able senator who has the firmness to avow this sentiment. The expression is repeated, and reprobated as a calumny on the people. For this Mr. Morris is held up as an aristocrat, as an enemy to the liberties of his country—and yet, if his idea be not just and true, all our codes of criminal jurisprudence are nonsense. Why are we daily told from the bench of justice, that in society the right of private revenge is taken away? That altho' a man has a right to defend himself, he has no right to retaliate an injury? Are not all courts of justice, in fact, founded on the principle of "saving the people from themselves?" and does not the constitution of every state, and of the United States, rest on the same basis? The object of each is to preserve society from anarchy, that is to prevent the people from preying on each other.
Happy, most happy, had it been for the first Philosophic Legislators of miserable republican France, had they set out on this wholesome and sound principle, and not on the assumed maxim, that "man was a peaceable and inoffensive animal;" or to use the word of our democratic but visionary President, borrowed most probably from his friend Condorcet, "that government should be founded not on the fears or follies of man, but on his sense of rights, and on the predominance of his social over his dis-social passions, and should be so free as to restrain him in no moral right, and so firm as to protect him from every moral wrong." Let our systems of government once be founded on this speculative plan, worthy of a Godwin or a Paine, and soon we should have our La Vendee—our revolutionary tribunals—our republican marriages—our fusillades and our noyades—that is in plain English, the prevalence of general anarchy—the demolition of the rights and bulwarks of our property—the uncontrolled reign of the passions, unchecked by knowledge or by principle—and vice, ignorance and idleness, triumphing in the spoils of virtue, industry and over the restraints of law, justice, and humanity.
(N. T. Com. Adv.)
The produce of the post-office in Great Britain, in the year 1751, was only 36,400l. In 1781, it was 142,400l.—and on the first of Jan. 1801, it was no less
than 716,000l. Making an increase in 40 years of 679,600l. sterling.
OFFICIAL.
Applications for commissions for private armed vessels, under the act, entitled, "an act for the protection of the commerce and seamen of the United States, against the Tripolitan cruisers," must be directed to the secretary of the navy. And the names of the gentlemen who will become sureties in the bond, the name of the vessel for which a commission is required, of her commander, and lieutenants, her tonnage, number of guns and number of men, must be set forth, and a certificate from the custom house officer, that such vessel is American property, must also be produced.
For the Alexandria Advertiser.
Messrs. Editors,
Should you deem the following ENIGMA capable of amusing any of your readers, you will please publish it, and oblige, Yours, &c. Z.
1. Three sevenths of a sense, and one fourth part Of what can warm a Stoic's icy heart; One third of that fam'd river, on whose tide Swells the full sail, and matchless navies ride.
2. What's grateful to the way-worn traveller's eyes, When Ssi declines, or batt'ring storms arise, Three fifths encompass of the mighty deep, Where many tribes do sport, and "lobsters creep," Affix a consonant, and then extort, Two sevenths of a hundred years—how short!
3. To mix in contests I would ne'er advise, But when a strife by party does arise, Take seven tenths thereof. Duly these three Arrange in order, and disclosed will be, By far, the greatest blessing man shall ever see.
PUBLIC SALE.
Will be added to to-morrow's Sale, One box of SCOTCH SHIRTINGS, One bale of BRITISH OSNABURGS, And a quantity of COLORED THREADS. P. G. MARSTELLER, March 1. Vendue-Master.
A CARD.
THE subscribers present their compliments to those few ingenious gentlemen who are indebted to them for goods bought at auction, or in any other way, and who are so admirably adapted for parrying their collector, and respectfully solicit the honor of their company at their counting house, prior to the 10th of this month, for the purpose of discharging the claims against them. It is hoped this will be duly attended to, otherwise we are determined to proceed to compulsory measures for the attainment of our just rights, without any kind of respect to persons. H. and T. MOORE.
March 1.
310e
William Hartshorne
Has for Sale at his Mill, or in Alexandria, Plaiter of Paris by the ton, or ready ground by the bushel, Indian Meal and Rye Meal, bolted or unbolted.
Corn, or any other grain, ground for toll at the mill.
At his store in town,
Hay in bundles, Corn by the bushel,
Loaf and lump Sugar by the hoghead or barrel,
First and second quality James River Tobacco, in kegs,
A few very good Mill Spindles,
Two good Scale Beams.
Three boxes 8 by 10 Window Glass, James River Coal,
A number of valuable Lots in town,
A small House on a lot of 28 feet front on Water Street, next door to Major Muncaster's.
Also, for Sale or Rent,
A valuable Brick House on King street, now in the tenure of Thomas Cruise.
To Let,
A two story Frame House on Duke street, with a large garden and well of good water at the door.
3d mo. 1.
d
FOURTH PROOF
JAMAICA RUM
of an excellent flavor, and
BROWN SUGAR,
in hhds. for sale by
JOHN M'KINNEY.

For Sale, Antigua Rum by the hhd. Raisins by the box, Sugar by the barrel, Dates, fresh from the coast of Barbary, With a variety of other  FRUITS and GROCERIES. ABEL WILLIS. The HOPE will sail for Norfolk on Thursday next. Jan. 11 d Twenty Dollars Reward.
RAN AWAY from the subscriber on Tuesday the 16th inst. a Negro Boy, named BOB, about 18 years old, 5 feet 6 or 7 inches high; has a scar on his left cheek, and the end of one his great toes cut off: had on, when he went away, a home-made cloth coat, jacket and breeches of a drab color, hemp shirt, old grey yarn stockings, half worn shoes, and a wool hat, but it is very probable he may change his clothes. Ten Dollars will be given for the said Negro, if found in this county and brought home, or lodged in the county jail—or if committed to the jail of Alexandria, Frederickburg or Rich- mond, and information thereof given so that I get him again, the above reward, to which necessary charges will be added if brought home, JOHN HARLAN. Berkeley County, Vir. Feb. 22. coiwf
VALUABLE PROPERTY FOR SALE.
On THURSDAY, the first day of April next, will be exposed to sale at the Cof- fee-House in Alexandria, at one o'clock, A valuable Lot
of the following description: Beginning at the distance of 140 feet east from Union street, and run- ning thence east parallel to Oronoko street 100 feet to the river Potomac, thence north parallel to Union street and bind- ing on the river 100 feet, thence west pa- rallel to Oronoko street 100 feet, thence south with Union street to the beginning, with privilege of a 10 feet alley through the ground belonging to the heirs of Jesse Taylor, deceased. This lot comprehends the whole front of the wharf commonly called Taylor's wharf; the depth of water is about 28 feet. It is situated at the upper end of the town of Alexandria, and is one of the nearest wharves to the City of Wash- ington and George Town. The naviga- tion of Potomac being now completed ren- ders it an advantageous situation for bu- siness—the wharf is found and substantial. A Ferry is established from the lot to the Maryland shore, which rents for £. 20 per annum, and is daily encreasing in va- lue.
The terms of sale will be one third of 2,550 dollars in cash, the remaining two thirds of 2,550 dollars, in equal payments at 6 and 12 months—on any sum which the property may sell for, above 2,550 dollars, a credit of two years, from the day of sale, will be given. For any further particulars apply to the subscriber, SAMUEL CRAIG, Feb. 24. coisf Trustee.
HUGH SMITH HAS RECEIVED, By the Fabius from Liverpool, an additi- on assortment of  EARTHEN WARE, Which is offered for sale, as usual, on mo- derate terms. Feb. 9. coisf
Robert T. Hooe & Co. Have imported by the ship Fabius, from Liverpool, 56 crates Earthen Ware, well assorted. They have likewise on hand, Lisbon Wine of a superior quality, in qt. casks; Sugar by the hhd. or barrel; Coffee by the bag—broad and narrow Hoes, Spades, Shovels and Frying Pans, And a variety of German Linens. Feb. 5. eo
Mount-Vernon Fishery. THIS Fishery will be carried on as usual in its fullest extent. Custom- ers may be supplied with FISH at the ge- neral prices, and every exertion used for their accommodation. February 18. iawjw
VALUABLE MEDICINES.  SAMUEL BISHOP, STATIONER and BOOKSELLER, Respectfully informs the public that he has received a fresh supply of the following esteemed Medicines from Lee and Co. Baltimore, who have appointed him their only Vendor in Alexandria.  HAMILTON'S WORM DESTROYING LOZENGES.  FOUR YEARS
Have scarce elapsed since the introduction of HAMILTON'S WORM DESTROYING LO- ZENGES into general use, yet in this short pe- riod upwards of One Hundred and Twenty Thousand Persons of both sexes, of every age, and in every situation have received benefit from this extraor- dinary remedy, in various complaints arising from worms and from obstructions in the stomach and bowels.
This medicine, which is innocent and mild as it is certain and efficacious in its operation, cannot injure the youngest infant, or the most delicate pregnant lady, should worms exist in the body; but will, without pain or griping, cleanse the sto- mach and bowels, removing whatever is foul or offensive within, particularly that slimy humor from whence worms and many fatal disorders pro- ceed.
Children generally take this medicine with en- gagement; having a pleasing appearance, and an agreeable taste. A dose of this medicine given occasionally will effectually prevent the vomiting and purging of children, a dreadful disorder which annually de- stroys thousands of the infant part of our cities. It is likewise the mildest and most certain remedy known, and has restored to health and strength a great number when in an advanced stage of this fatal complaint. Particular and plain instructi- ons are given for every part of the necessary treat- ment to such cases.
The celebrity acquired by the Worm Lozenges particularly in the city of Baltimore, renders the further publication of certificates in their favor, an unnecessary expense.
Description of Worms, and the symptoms by which they are known.
Worms which infest the human body, are chief- ly of four kinds, viz. the Terec or large round worm, the Ascarides, or small maw worm, the Lumbicina, or short, flat, white worm, and lastly, the Taenia, or tape worm, so called from its resemblance to tape; this is often many yards long, and is full of joints—it is most hurtful, and most difficult to cure.
Among the symptoms attending worms, are disagreeable breath, especially in the morning— Bad and corrupted gums—itching in the nose and about the seat—Convulsions and epileptic fits, and sometimes privation of speech—starting and grinding of the teeth in sleep—irregular ap- petite, sometimes loathing food, and sometimes voracious—Purgis, with slimy and foetid stools— Vomiting—Large and hard belly—Pains and sickness at the stomach—Pains in the head and thighs, with lowliness of spirits—Slow fever, with small and irregular pulse—A dry cough—Exces- sive thirst—Sometimes pale and unhealthy coun- tenance, and sometimes the face bloated and flushed.
Persons afflicted with any of the above symp- toms, should have immediate recourse to HA- MILTON'S WORM DESTROYING LO- ZENGES, which have been constantly attend- ed with success in all complaints similar to those above described.
Hamilton's GRAND RESTORATIVE,
Is recommended as an invaluable medicine, for the speedy relief and permanent cure of the va- rious complaints which result from dissipated plea- sures—juvenile indiscretions—residence in cli- mates unfavourable to the constitution—the im- moderate use of tea, frequent intoxication, or any other destructive intemperance—the unwholesome or excessive use of mercury—the diseases peculiar to females, at a certain period of life—bad lying, in, &c. &c.
And is proved by long and extensive experience to be absolutely unparalleled in the cure of Nervous disorders, Violent tramps in the Consumption, Stomach and back, Lowness of spirits, Indigestion, Loss of appetite, Melancholy, Impurity of the blood, Gout in the stomach, Hysterical affections, Pains in the limbs, Inward weakness, Aclerations, Seminal weakness, Involuntary emissions, Polar albus, (or whites) Obtinate gleets, Barrenness, Impotency, &c. &c.
The principal operations of this remedy is in the stomach, restoring the digestive powers, and sending from that organ new health and vigor into every part of the system; it enriches and pu- rifies the blood without inflaming it; braces, with- out stimulating too violently the nervous system; strengthens the secretory vessels and the general habit; brings back the muscular fibres to their natural and healthy tone; and restores that nutri- tion which moderate evacuations have destroy- ed, and whose loss had thrown the whole frame into languor and debility.
The Restorative is absolutely above all recom- mendation in removing those weaknesses and in- firmities with which many females are afflicted, the consequences of difficult and painful labours, or of injudicious treatment herein.
The most obstinate female gleets, and the most distressing cases of fluor albus in females, fall par- ticularly under the province of this Restorative— peculiarly yield to its benign operation, and are radically cured, by correcting and purifying the acrimonious humors, restoring a proper degre- of tension to the relaxed fibres, and strengthening the weakened organs.
In cases of extremity, where the long preva- lence and obstinacy of disease has brought on a general impoverishment of the system, excessive debility of the whole frame, and a wasting of the flesh, which no nourishment or cordial could re- pair, a perseverance in the use of this medicine has performed the most astonishing cures.
Dr. HAMILTON'S ESSENCE AND EX- TRACT OF MUSTARD, A safe and effectual remedy for rheumatism, gout, palsy, sprains and bruises, white swellings, old strains, and relaxations, numbness and weak- ness of the joints, stiffness of the neck, pains of the side, head aches, twelled faces, frozen limbs, and every similar complaint. It prevents chil- blains, or chopped hands, and their effects of get- ting wet or damp in the feet. The extract is celebrated for removing cold & windy complaints in the stomach and bowels fly- ing pains, and other spasmodic affections. The testimony of thousands, and daily experi- ence, sufficiently prove the superiority of the above medicine over all others in the cure of the mala- dies we have enumerated.
Dr. HAMILTON'S ELIXIR. A sovereign remedy for Colds, Obstinate Coughs, Asthma, Catarrhs, Sore Throats, and Ap- proaching Consumption. To parents who may have children afflicted with the HOOPING COUGH.
This discovery is of the first magnitude, as it affords immediate relief, checks the progress, and in a short time entirely removes the most cruel disorder to which children are liable—the Elixir is perfectly agreeable and the dose so small, that no difficulty arises in taking it.
Dr. MAHN'S ANTI-BILLIOUS PILLS. The operation of these pills is perfectly mild, so as to be used with safety by persons in every situ- ation, and of every age.
They are excellently adapted to carry off super- fluous bile, and prevent its morbid secretions—to restore and amend the appetite—to procure a free perspiration, and the easy prevent colds, which are often attended with fatal consequences—a dose never fails to remove a cold, it taken on its first appearance. They are celebrated for re- moving habitual costiveness—sickness at the sto- mach, and severe head aches—and ought to be taken by all persons on a change of climate. The GOVERNMENT OINTMENT for the ITCH,
Which is warranted an infallible remedy at one application, and may be used with perfect safety by pregnant women, or on infants a week old, not containing a particle of mercury, or any other dangerous ingredient. However, and is not compared with that tormenting smart which attends the application of other remedies.
THE GENUINE PERSIAN LOTION. So celebrated among the fashionable through- out Europe, is an invaluable cosmetic, perfectly innocent and safe, free from corrosive and repel- lent materials (the basis of other lotions) and of unparalleled efficacy in preventing and removing blishes in the face and skin of every kind, par- ticularly freckles, pimples, inflammatory redness, scurf, tatters, ring worms, sun burns, prickly heat, premature wrinkles, &c. rendering the skin delicately soft and clear, improving the complex- ion, and restoring the bloom of youth.
THE DAMASK LIP SALVE.  THE RESTORATIVE POWDER for the TEETH and GUMS.  Dr. HAHN'S TRUE and GENUINE GER- MAN CORN PLAISTER.
An infallible remedy for corns, speedily remov- ing them, root and branch, without given pain.
Dr. HAHN'S GENUINE EYE-WATER. A sovereign remedy for all diseases of the eyes, whether the effect of natural weakness or of ac- cident, defluxions of rheum, dulceness, itching and films on the eyes, never failing to cure those maladies which frequently succeed the small pox, measles and fevers, and wonderfully strengthen- ing a weak sight. Hundreds have experienced its excellent virtues, when nearly deprived of sight.
TOOTH ACHE DROPS. The only remedy yet discovered which gives immediate and lasting relief in the most severe instances.
THE ANODYNE ELIXIR, For the cure of all kinds of Head-Ache.
CHURCH'S COUGH DROP.  INFALLIBLE AGUE and FEVER DROPS. For the cure of Agues, Remittent and Inter- mittent Fevers.
VENEREAL DISEASE. Those whom this may unfortunately concern, are informed that a supply has now been received of
THE PATENT INDIAN VEGETABLE SPECIFIC, Prepared by Dr. Leroux.
The experience of several thousands who have been cured by this medicine (a great proportion of them after the skill of eminent physicians had proved ineffectual) demonstrate its efficacy in ex- pelling the Venereal Poison however deeply root- ed in the constitution, and in counteracting those dreadful effects which often result from the im- proper use of mercury.
The midwifery of the Vegetable Specific is equal to its surprising efficacy, its operation is so gentle that it is given to venereal patients in a state of pregnancy, with the utmost safety, and performs a cure without disturbing the system, or produc- ing any of those disagreeable effects inseparable from the common remedies.
With the medicine is given a description of the symptoms which obtain in every stage of the dis- ease, with copious directions for their treatment, in so as to accomplish a perfect cure in the shortest time, and with the least inconvenience possible.
ANDERSON'S PILLS.  GOWLAND'S LOTION.
A liberal allowance made whole- sale purchasers by application to Lee & Co. Baltimore. Country Printers and Store- keepers will find it advantageous to keep a constant supply of the above Medicines, and will be treated with on liberal terms.— Lee & Co. will give the highest prices in cash for BLACK SNAKE ROOT, GINSENG and BEE'S WAX.
November 16. NOTE—The above Medicines are also sold by John Shaw, at the Post-Office, Leesburg
PROPOSALS, By G. F. HOPKINS, No. 118, Pearl- Street, New-York, For publishing by Subscription, In two handsome octavo volumes,  THE FEDERALIST, ON  THE NEW CONSTITUTION.  BY PUBLIUS. WRITTEN IN 1788. TO WHICH IS ADDED,  PACIFICUS, ON The Proclamation of Neutrality, WRITTEN IN 1793. The whole revised and corrected, with new passages and notes.
THE FEDERALIST was written in a series of numbers, under the signature of Publius, shortly after the promulgation of the Federal Constitution, and addressed to the People of the state of New-York, with the design of enforcing the propriety and necessity of its adoption.
It is principally the production of a man, whose name will be held in sacred respect long after the great attempts which have been made to slander his fame shall have sunk into oblivion. Two other gentlemen, of distinguished talents, occasionally contributed some essays, which will be marked in the publication.
All parties seem at length united in professions of regard for the Constitution; if they are sin- cere, the consideration cannot fail to enhance the value of a work, which, by employing in its fa- vor all the energy of argument, and all the per- suasion of eloquence, was eminently useful in pro- moting its general ratification.
Whoever is desirous of being well informed of the principles and provisions of our Government, and the manner in which they have been sup- ported and vindicated, of the objections that were made to the Constitution by its first oppo- sers, and how they were answered, will find these volumes fraught with ample and satisfactory in- formation. The study of them must form an essential part of the education of the American statesman. Politicians, indeed, of every coun- try, will here discover materials in the science of Government well worthy of their attention; a science, of all others, the most interesting to mankind, as it most deeply concerns human hap- piness. The Federalist contains principles that may be remembered and studied with advantage by all classes of men in other countries than our own, and in other ages than that in which we live. The People of America alone have af- forded the example of a pure Representative Republic. In this work it will appear, that the principles of this form of government have been well understood, and thoroughly developed, and should, unfortunately, the experiment which we have made, hereafter fail, it will be in vain to at- tempt the renewal of similar systems, as no ra- tional hope can be entertained, that mere cor- rect notions on this subject will prevail than are here exhibited.
To preserve these papers, therefore, which have so much intrinsic merit, and such lasting utility, in a dress suitable to their character, is the inducement to their re-publication.
PACIFICUS is from the pen of the same en- lightened statesman who was the chief author of the Federalist. These Essays were written in de- fence of the first leading step which our Govern- ment took to preserve that Neutrality which it continued to maintain during the late Tran- atlantic conflict; a conflict which has annihilated the minor powers of Europe, and shaken the civilized world.
Now that the storm has passed over, and the angry and tumultuous passions which at that time agitated our country, have in some measure sub- sided, these papers will be read with profit and pleasure by the intelligent man of every party. Candor will probably wonder, that any should have doubted of the fitness of the measures which this writer has so ably advocated, and which ex- perience has so forcibly proved to have been the best adapted to the interests of the country.
To give to these latter Essays a form which shall outlive the fleeting impressions of a new- paper, they are incorporated in these volumes.— Publius and Pacificus will serve to keep in just remembrance two very important events in the history of our country.
The first gentleman here alluded to is Ge- neral Hamilton—the other two, Mr. Madison and Mr. Jay.
CONDITIONS.
 I. The Work shall be put to press imme- diately after 400 subscribers are obtain- ed, and finished with the utmost expe- dition.  II. Where practicable, the books shall be forwarded, free of expence, to such places as may be designated, and a per- son appointed to deliver them.  III. It shall be printed on a superfine medium paper, with a neat type, hand- somely bound and lettered, and deliver- ed to subscribers at Two Dollars a vo- lume. To non-subscribers the price will be enhanced.  IV. Subscribers to pay, where conveni- ent, one dollar in advance.  V. Subscriptions received at the Office of the Alexandria Advertiser, and by the different Booksellers in Alexandria. New-York, January, 1802. 
PRINTED DAILY BY  S. SNOWDEN & Co.