The national intelligencer and Washington advertiser. (Washington City [D.C.]), 1809-09-11 00:00:00

National Intelligencer.
WASHINGTON ADVERTISER.
WASHINGTON CITY, PRINTED BY SAMUEL HARRISON SMITH, PENNSYLVANIA AVENUE.
NO. 1532.
VOL. IX.
MONDAY, SEPTEMBER 11. 1809.
PAID IN ADVANCE.
FIVE DOLLARS PER ANNUM.
FOR THE NATIONAL INTELLIGENCER.
Washington, 1808.
THE SWORD.
Encrusted with rust hung the sword of my sire, Which often had forced from my bosom a sigh; For its owner had gone To those regions unknown, Where hasten the good and the brave When their life's day is o'er; While affection weeps mournfully as they retire, And drops the salt tear, As passes each bier, In remembrance of virtues so rarely found here!
When told of his deeds, and the laurels he won, Asserting his rights, and his country to save; O my blood it did boil, And my mother would smile, To see her young hero in miniature rave: And I wished for the hours to roll speedily on, In hopes that the flame Which fired my young flame Might enable my manhood to gain a fair fame.
But vain were my hopes; for the phantom has fled, And claims me no more to a laudable strife; As she could not endure, A disciple so poor, She left me obscurely to plod on through life.
And I sighed for the hours, which so happily sped, While fancy was kind, And I as yet blind To the cares which embitter the joys of mankind.
Yet while I regret the dark gloom that surrounds, And shuts me from prospects which lately seemed near; I will never despair, But make virtue my care, Preserving my honor unspotted and clear; And thus keeping my passions within proper bounds, I'll pity the great, Who think an estate Can give merit to him, who's deny'd it by fate.
Tho' fortune unkindly should frown on me still, Or make me the sport of some humorous freak; By afflictions thus cross'd, Shall my manhood be lost? O no! I thank God, I am not so weak: But relying with patience on heaven's high will, And firm to the last, My hope I'll keep fast, Tho' adversity here every prospect should blast.
A MARINE.
Town and Country.—A serious contest has taken place in New England, between town and country; between the town of Boston, or rather the monied aristocracy of that town, and the people who "live remote." As the affair relates solely to money, there can be no question which side will gain the victory. The monied men and bankers of Boston are determined to crush the country banks, and depreciate the currency in general circulation to that degree that it will become an object of great speculation to buy it up. The town of Boston controls the internal commerce of New England. The banks of Boston are controlled by a few rich men, who exercise despotic sway over the merchants of that town, and through them, over the Eastern states.
This is matter of fact. The means used to accomplish their views are very simple, and such as even a school boy might wield with effect. The consequences flowing from the use of them, are disastrous in the extreme. The whole mercantile interest of Boston is indebted to the banks of that town. The payments to those banks must be made in Boston bills or specie. Every country trader is indebted to the merchants of Boston, and the people of the interior to the country trader. The circulating medium of the country is the paper issued from the country banks. Payments for merchandise or debts due to Boston merchants were, of course, made in this sort of paper.
The Boston banks have stopped discounting. It is therefore impossible to raise, specie on any security, or for the merchants who receive country bills to negotiate them for specie.
It was not until very lately that the circulation of country bank bills was stopped in Boston. Owing to the vast capital concentrated there, under the control of the Bankers, it has always been in their power to destroy the country banks, provided they would use this capital to do it. This has been done. And these effects must necessarily follow—
1st. The country banks will have more bills presented for payment than they can redeem in specie.
2d. These bills will be sold at a great discount.
3d. There will be a great scarcity of money.
4th. The country banks will be compelled immediately to call in their debts.
5th. The people will be unable to pay.
6th. An immense number of suits will be commenced.
7th. General distress will follow. These will be the necessary consequences resulting from the iniquitous combination which exists in Boston, to destroy the credit of what they are pleased to call foreign bills.
Anti-Monarchist.
FROM THE LONDON MONTHLY MAGAZINE.
Extract of a recent letter from Madrid.
"The Spanish theatre still retains many of those mysteries, which founded the dramatic art in modern Europe. Las profecias de Daniel form at present a favorite spectacle; and certainly no subject can be better adopted for combining a splendid variety of pageantry in one oration, or sacred opera. The jubilee of adoration to the golden colossus of Bel; the flaming auto de fe for the refractory holy children; the voluptuous dances exhibited during the meal of Belshazzar; the sacrilegious use of the chalices from Jerusalem; the sudden wrath of heaven, the gloom, the thunder, the shadowy hand-writing on the wall in characters of lucid fire; and the armed irruption of the besiegers to renew a scene of pure triumph, form a series of picturesque magnificence, which you would enjoy to see repeated some Sunday evening at Drury lane. The popularity of this play, may especially be ascribed to the continual allusions of the Spanish patriotic writers, to the seizure and profanation of sacramental chalices by the French."
"Another new and very singular drama opens with Bonaparte, who soliloquizes about Spain. Allegorical demons stand watching around, and when he has confessed the whole atrocity of his purposes, they seize and carry him off in a fiery car to the place of torment. Next appears Ferdinand VII. a ballet of angels listen to his promises of virtuous sway, and crown him, during their dance, with wreaths of victory. Finally appears King George the III. who declares his horror for the tyrant, his affection for the virtuous and native monarch, and who is entertained by Santiago and the Virgin Mary, or by figures representing the genius of Spain, and the genius of christianity, with a performance in full chorus, of our God save the King. How popular we heretics are become within the very precincts of the mother church!"
FROM A LONDON PAPER.
AGRICULTURE.
AN ESSAY ON MANURES, BY A. YOUNG, ESQ.
This essay obtained the reward of the first Bedfordian Medal, which was voted by the Bath Agricultural Society to the author who produced "the best essay, founded on practical experience, on the nature and properties of manures, and the mode of preparing and applying them to various soils: in which essay shall be pointed out the cheapest manner of collecting and preparing the different kinds of manures, and the state, season and quantity in which they should be applied." In this essay the author considers the subject of manures under the several heads of their nature, their properties, the mode of collecting them, the state in which they are applied, the manner of application, the season when applied, the quantity required, and on what soils the respective kinds are most beneficial. In classing the various bodies which may be applied as manures, he divides them into
1. Such as are dry or made on a farm, and
2. Such as are usually purchased.
Marle, of the manures of the first class, is the most common in England, in some one of the denominations of clay, stone, or shell marle; it may be distinguished by various colors, but these are no otherwise material than as indicative of iron.—It is by nature a fossil substance, usually composed of earthy clay, and calcareous earth; it
falls in pure water, as well as by exposure to the atmosphere. The property that renders this manure particularly valuable is the calcareous earth it contains, and there is great reason to believe that the calcareous earth is the part taken up by vegetables. The common way of collecting marle is by digging—it may, however, be sometimes dredged up from the bottoms of rivers, particularly the Shannon. In searching for marle, therefore, these places ought not to be overlooked, but should be bored as well as the other parts of a farm. This manure requires no preparation, &c. as to the state in which it is applied, whatever benefit may result from exposure to the atmosphere, it must be attained after spreading; it, however, it be obtained from the bottom of lakes or rivers, the heaps should be left for six or twelve months. The application requires more extensive notice: the bulk of this manure renders carriage so expensive that every means should be used for lessening it. As marle should be very long exposed for the atmosphere to melt it down, and as the roots of the grass combine it with the surface of sward land, whether applied to this or to arable, it should be applied in such a manner as to remain as long as possible undisturbed. The most experienced farmers are apprehensive of turning marle in too deep with the plough. This manure is usually applied on so large a scale as to preclude choice in the season it must be done when the teams have most leisure; it should, however, be suspended whenever the ground is much cut by the carting. The most advantageous quantity, though an object of extreme importance, has not been satisfactorily ascertained, it is better, however, to lay on too little than too much, as the application may be repeated in the former case, & the latter is sometimes productive of deterioration of the soil, and must be regulated in some manner according to what soil it be applied. On loose and sandy soils, the Norfolk farmers frequently apply from one hundred to one hundred and fifty cubical yards to an acre, and on soils of more firmness, eighty, and even sixty yards have been found sufficient. If turnips produce deformed strings of roots, or if the rush-rooted grasses prevail, the experienced farmer will pronounce the land to want marling, and upon wet loose loams, which are found when manured with dung to be more productive of straw than corn, marle has generally been found an effectual remedy.
Chalk differs so very little from marle as to make it necessary to point out only the variations; it naturally possesses more calcareous earth, and is comparatively harder, and consequently its properties are not very different; it is usually collected by digging from pits, which, for the convenience of application, should be opened at small distances; and it may be applied in all states, and at all seasons. The quantity required is smaller than that of marle, and the soils abounding with wild sorrel have been found to be highly improved by it, and indeed it is used successfully on all soils on which marle has been found to answer; on moors, peat-bogs and peat-fens, chalk is more beneficial than marle, as containing a larger proportion of calcareous earth.
Lime has furnished matter for volumes; but the best chance of obtaining the plain truth will be, to reject opinions and examine experiment alone. Of the exact nature of lime, there is some difference among chemists: it may be obtained from the burning of all hard calcareous substances whatever, as marble, limestone, chalk, spar, &c. The operation of fire expels from these substances certain portions of water and carbonic acid, leaving nearly pure calcareous earth. From this circumstance its properties are sufficiently apparent, and are the same as those of chalk and marle as far as calcareous earth is concerned; it neutralizes acid salts, and consequently will act powerfully on all peat soils, but will not give the tenacity to sands, or the friability to clay, which chalk will effect: it is, when slacked, of such extraordinary divisibility, that it is capable of much more intimate combination with other substances than either marle or chalk. It may be collected almost in every situation; for limestone exists in many districts unknown to the farmer: the common test of the stone is by pouring upon it a strong acid; yet
this is not always practically correct. Calcination or burning is the preparation of lime, a process too common to need description. The state in which lime is applied is either fresh from the kiln while hot, or else after it is slacked; each method has its advocates: where putrefaction is the object of the application, it should be made as soon after it is burned as possible. Summer is undoubtedly the best season for the application of lime, but it may be laid on at other periods. The quantity of this manure varies more, perhaps, than in any other: it has been used up to seven hundred bushels to an acre, but the improvement has not been always in proportion to the quantity; for much depends upon the soil. Upon peat-bogs and moors and mountains, experience speaks an uniform language; on these the benefit of applying lime is great and decided; its caustic powers destroy the spontaneous productions of the soil, and convert them into a mucous, which the atmosphere turns into vegetable mould. All wastes are best reclaimed by lime. When Meriden Heath, in Warwickshire, was inclosed, part was treble folded, part well dressed with rotten dung, and part limed: oats were sown over the whole; the part folded produced scarcely any corn, and the seed not worth saving; the part dunged succeeded very little better, but that which was limed produced an excellent crop. It does worst of all on a cold hungry soil, and on strong deep clay extremely retentive of moisture no perceptible good is produced by it.
Limestone has been tried and found excellent in ameliorating such soils as other calcareous manures operate upon successfully. The suffrages of Dr. Anderson and Lord Kames are decidedly in its favor. When pulverized and reduced by breaking, it is not very dissimilar from lime which has been slacked: it is the best of all manures for improving a bog, its great weight giving the pressure so much wanted on peat-moss.
Clay, loam and sand are substances which have been used as manures upon the largest scale. Their effect depends upon the deficiency of the soil. Clay is beneficial on sand, but sand not equally so on clay: what is called clay is sometimes found on examination to be loam, and always improves a sandy soil. Sea-sand, from the quantity of shells it contains, partakes of the nature of marle.
Burnt clay, marle and earth are frequently applied as manure in every part of the united kingdom. Their nature and properties will vary with the proportion of calcareous earth they contain, as that is converted by burning into lime.
Paring and burning are mechanical operations; and though nothing is directly added to the soil by them, yet the effects are frequently very beneficial. The nature of the ashes resulting from this operation must necessarily vary according to the nature of the earth burned; but in all cases the operation reduces the roots of vegetables to coals and ashes, and thus prepares a stimulant and nutriment for plants. The effect of heat in this operation is visible wherever burning is practised, by the spots where the fires were made assuming a deeper green than the rest of the field. The properties of the ashes may also vary with the soil, but they all operate as a very powerful manure: the practice of paring and burning has never been adopted without success. The common practice of collecting the turf is to pare on some soils from two inches thick to half an inch in others; but an inch may be considered the average depth; and the chief attention required in burning is to guard against too great a calcination. A considerable variation of the state in which the ashes are applied exists in common practice; some farmers spread and plough them in immediately; others leave them for a considerable time in heaps exposed to the atmosphere. In the application they should be kept as near the surface as possible, and care should be taken not to bury them very deep in the furrow; and as this work can only be done in dry weather, this season is necessarily limited to the summer months. The quantity of this manure must depend on the depth of paring, and on moist soils it may be applied with success. Experiments have confirmed the beneficial effects of paring and burning on clay, loam, sand, chalk and peat.
The second class of manures, or
those which are usually purchased, the author divides into animal, vegetable and fossil; and as this subdivision is not merely imaginary, the several substances are noticed in their respective orders, with observations common to each.
Night soil is to be had in quantities only in the neighborhood of cities. In such situations it is largely used, and much experience has arisen from the application. The common quantity for an acre is 200 bushels. It is the best of all manures, and, if dry, the cheapest: it does well on all soils and for all crops. It has been diluted along with rape-cake dust, with much benefit by Mr. Coke at Holkham.
Bones are used to a considerable extent about London; about five or six loads to the acre, which contain, on an average, 250 bushels. They are most beneficial on strong soils, and their duration exceeds that of any other manure. The effects have been visible for more than thirty years. The dust and refuse of bone manufactory is also a valuable manure, particularly for drilling.
Sheeps' trotters are a powerful manure, and usually sold by the quarter with felt-monger's cuttings: they are commonly applied in the proportion of four or five quarters to the acre, but eight are sometimes used. They should be ploughed in not less than six or eight inches deep, to prevent the attraction of vermin and dogs.
Feathers are found to be a powerful manure, and twenty-five bushels an acre have been spread with much success; ten bushels to an acre yielded a produce of forty-eight bushels of white wheat, while the same quantity unmanured produced only twenty-eight bushels.
Fish of all kinds is one of the most effective manures that can be carried into our fields. The whale blubber offal never fails of producing great crops wherever it is applied; pilchards and herrings produce the same effect. In Dorsetshire, Mr. Davis spread them fresh at one shilling per load, and ploughed them in for wheat, with much benefit, but they are usually applied mixed with salt. In the fens, the small fish called stickle-backs are obtained out of rivers, and applied to this purpose.
Graves, or tallow-chandlers' refuse is purchased for manure, and from ten to fifteen hundred weight are commonly spread upon an acre. The effects from them on poor sandy soils are very great in turnip crops.
Woollen rags, chopped in small pieces, are frequently applied as manure, from 10 to 1500 weight to the acre. It has been noticed in Hertfordshire, that they are most beneficial in dry and sandy soils. They become the food of plants in common with all other animal substances, and also attract and retain much moisture from the atmosphere.
Carriers' shavings and furriers' clippings are bought in London and other populous places. When corn soils high they are eagerly sought for; for though they are expensive, yet they are a beneficial manure, but do best on dry soils.
Horn shavings are also bought, and applied at about thirty bushels to the acre; they are applicable to all soils, but succeed best on all in wet seasons.
These manures are all animal substances, and their nature and properties are in all resolvable into the same parts as yard & stable dung; they contain the principles which by every consistent theory of vegetation are necessary to the food of plants, and the practice of the farmer is in perfect unison with the theory of the chemist; for every husbandman knows, or ought to know, that every animal matter whatever will fertilize his fields. The only question of preparation which can arise, is whether these substances should be immediately applied to the soil, or prepared by fermentation in a dunghill; & the common practice is to make the application of them to the soil in the state in which they purchased. The season must be determined by the opportunity of purchase, and the quantity has been remarked under each article; and as to soil, all animal substance act as manures powerfully on all.
Wood ashes were found to be a manure in consequence of some experiments undertaken to disprove a suggestion of a Mr. Hazentratz, who thought that all alkalis were not manures. The nature of them is well known, and whether they have been

and they have proved a valuable manure. Their property is to attract carbonic acid from the air, they are applied without preparation, and the spring is the proper season; and forty bushels to the acre is the common quantity on all soils.
Peat ashes are common manure in all countries where peat bogs are found; their value usually depends on the blackness & density of the peat, & the neighborhood of Newbury in Berkshire supplies the best: the usual quantity of these is ten or twelve bushels to the acre, but of other kinds from twenty to forty bushels have been used; their effect is the greatest on dry soils.
Coal ashes are used all over the kingdom, from fifty to two hundred bushels to an acre; they are most effective when spread on clover, sainfoin or seeds, in the spring, and are beneficial on grass lands and green wheat. The effect on them is considerable on the dry chalk lands of Herefordshire. The knowledge of their properties is very imperfect.
Peat dust, if the peat be black and solid, is resolvable into a greater portion of hydrogen gas than most other manures; it is also strongly attractive of humidity, which renders it very advantageous on dry and sandy soils. The use of it as a manure is not general, but it is well known, and much esteemed, in Bedfordshire and Herefordshire.
Soot is composed of oil, volatile alkali, carbon and earth; no wonder, therefore, that it should be found a very powerful manure. Its component parts are so minute that they may be washed into the ground by a single shower, and become the immediate food of plants. Twenty bushels to the acre is the common quantity, & the season of application is the spring. Green wheat and clover are much benefited by this manure, the effect of which is great on moist soils, but least upon strong or wet clay.
Potash waste is a powerful manure; and ten loads, or three hundred and fifty bushels, are commonly applied to an acre. Much good is produced by it on low meadows, and in general on all grass lands.
Sugar-Bakers' waste is supposed to be a powerful manure, but its effects are not known from experiment; it can be procured only at five or six places in the kingdom.
Tanner's bark, if useful anywhere, ought to be so on calcareous soils; mixed with lime it has been beneficial. But as the tanning principle is in all cases hostile to vegetation, whatever benefit is derived from tanner's bark must arise either from the lime or the animal impregnation. Experiments do not recommend it.
Malt dust has been used with success wherever it has been applied. Particular experiments have proved its value, if laid on from fifty to sixty bushels to the acre. It gives great improvement to cold grass lands, and is consistent with all kinds of soil.
Rape cake has been common in Norfolk for more than half a century, and the quantity was usually half a ton to the acre; an advance of price has however now compelled the agriculturists to lessen the quantity, and Mr. Coke makes a ton do for five or six acres by drilling it with turnip seed. When ploughed in with wheat, it has been found more forcing to the crop than either dung or fold; but the turnips after the wheat have not been so good as after those manures. Malt dust and soot were found equal for wheat, but rape dust better than either. The operation of this manure is assignable to a very obvious theory; for all organic bodies abound greatly with hydrogen and carbon, and their utility consequently must be great.
These manures are all vegetable substances and their nature and properties do not differ from the vegetable substances in the first class; the most beneficial quantity has been mentioned under each.
Among fossil manures coal ashes might have been classed, but for obvious reasons they are mentioned with other ashes: lime has also been treated of in the part of the essay; there only then remain to be noticed salt and gypsum.
Salt, by various experiments and by observations made apparently with care, has been decided to act as a manure in some cases to a degree that proves its excellence, when properly applied, but other persons have reported unfavorably of it. The knowledge of this manure is yet in its infancy, but experiments have generally shown it to be beneficial, but more especially when added to any dung or dunghills; and it probably acts as an assistant to putrefaction.
Gypsum is scarcely known at all as a manure: the reports of those who have made experiments with it are very contradictory. In this state of our knowledge both of this and the preceding article it is wise to accept the favorable reports, and attribute the
failures to soil, season or some unrelated circumstance. The quantity of gypsum usually applied has been about six bushels to the acre.
Experiments on mixtures of composts, are extremely difficult, and must be very unsatisfactory. If composts be resorted to, to promote putrefaction, that is inconsistent with the idea that putrefaction should be retarded till the manure be applied to the land; they may be useful to get rid of an evil, as to mix pot-ash, or lime, or chalk, with pond mud to destroy its sterility; but here it seems is to end the benefit of composts.
The food of plants deserves much consideration in the application of manures. From experiments extremely numerous, & observations made by eminent chemists, it appears that the two substances which play the greatest part in vegetation are hydrogen and carbon (the presence of light and heat is always to be supposed): those manures, then, which supply the greatest proportion of these, must be most beneficial in promoting vegetation. Theory has furnished many conjectures on this subject, but experience has confirmed few facts; and the enquiry belongs rather to chemistry than agriculture.
FROM THE PITTSBURG COMMONWEALTH OF AUG. 30, 1809.
PROSPERITY OF THE WESTERN COUNTRY.
A cursory view of the principal manufactures in and adjacent to Pittsburgh.
We feel a peculiar pleasure in taking this hasty glance at our rising manufactures, whose increase and success we sincerely pray for, believing it the surest and most solid basis on which our country can rest its future independence and happiness: not throwing out of view, by any means, the culture of our forests, and the requisite improvements in agriculture; for these, with manufactures, like man and wife, must go hand in hand. Let the agriculturist and manufacturer, therefore, join hands, and bid the farming world defiance: let them sit down together under their own vine and fig tree, and enjoy the fruits of their honest labors; whilst the maddened nations of Europe are destroying each other, & spreading death and desolation over some of the fairest portions of the globe.
We should like to have taken a more extended view of the manufactures of the Western country, had our information been adequate, or the contracted nature of our limits permitted. We must content ourselves with what follows, and beg indulgence for any miscalculations or errors which we may have undesignedly committed.
Glass works. —Of these we have three in handsome operation, and the fourth at New Geneva, 50 miles up the Monongahela river. Two of these in town make all kinds of flat glass, tumblers, wine-glasses, decanters, &c. to the amount of about $30,000 annually. The other two make green bottles, window glass, &c. to the value of say $60,000 annually. Stone or pit coal is their fuel, which costs five cents per bushel.
Cotton Mills. —We have two, one works 99 and the other contemplates working shortly 230 spindles. They manufacture cords, chambrays, jeans, dimities, checks, tickings, girthings, &c. to the value of about $20,000 annually. The machineries are set in motion by the power of horses. Both have wool, carding and picking machines under the same roof. There are a few smaller cotton mills through the country, and increasing; wool carding machines are numerous, some going by water and others by horses. Cotton from the Mississippi country brought to this place, sells at 20 cents per pound. [We are informed that 557 spindles are at work in Slippenburg, (Pen.) which spin about 83 doz. or 44 lbs. of cotton yarn daily.]
In Lexington (Ken.) there are several cotton cloth, duck and bagging manufactures on large scales, which, it is said, work up 800 tons of hemp into bagging annually, besides vast quantities of fashionable cotton wares. One was erected in Frankfort, but it was unfortunately burnt down, and has not been rebuilt, notwithstanding the generous offers made for that purpose by the mechanics and others of the place. The one at Louisville was also consumed, but by the generous exertions of the mechanics of the town, it has been rebuilt, and is in complete operation again.
The Legislature should endeavor to prevent by exemplary punishments, the configuration of established manufactures.
Buttons. —We have a manufactory of white metal buttons to the extent of 40 or 60 gross per week, and can be extended. Of the buttons made at this manufactory, one of our merchants tells us he expects to sell 2000 gross in the course of this year.
Iron grinding mill. —One has recently got into operation for grinding flat irons, axes, scythes, chisels, &c. and being attached to the air foundry, will be a considerable saving in the carriage of heavy articles from the sea ports.
Ironmongery. —Of this there is about 12 or $15,000 worth made annually of chisels, claw hammers, steel yards, shingling hatchets, drawing knives, cutting knives, shovels, tongs, hickies, gimblets, augers, squares, door handles, jack-screws, files, stocklocks, spinning-wheel irons, axes, hoes, chains, kitchen ware, &c. Scythes, sickles and augers, are made in great numbers throughout the country.
From late experiments it has been found that but hinges, and anvils can be made here to advantage. The face of these anvils are cast on a thick, cold iron plate, which renders them as hard as the steel faced anvils, and at less than one third of the price of wrought anvils. They are called stock cast anvils. Our smiths begin to use them, and highly approve of them. Ingenious and well contrived iron bark mills are cast at our air furnace, together with large quantities of hollow ware, mill irons, &c. and lately cast 70 tons of cannon ball for the U. States. We have seen a handsome small field piece of its casting. Bistered and Crowly steel is made at Bedford in this state; the extension of this manufacture, and a spade and shovel manufactory is much wanted in this country. [We have seen neat penknives
made here, and we believe as good and as cheap as those imported of the same patterns.]
Nails. —We have several manufactories of these in town, which make about 300 tons of cut and wrought nails of all sizes annually. The manufacture of nails is considerable throughout this country, Ohio and Kentucky.
Bridle bits and stirrups. —A manufactory of these has been recently established in town, and bids fair to do well.
Tin, copper and japanned wares. —We have six manufactories briskly carried on, which are supposed to manufacture wares to the value of about 30,000 dollars worth annually. Copper stills, a very heavy article in this line, are made in numbers. Copper and tin wares are manufactured considerably in Brownsville, Charlestown, &c. and more or less in Ohio and Kentucky.
Wire weaving. —This business is carried on to a very considerable amount. Sieves, ridles, screens, &c. could be made we should suppose, in sufficient quantities to supply the whole western country. Was wire drawn here, it would be attended with considerable advantages. There is also a wire weaver at Brownsville.
Glass cutting. —This business has been recently established by an ingenious German, (Eichbaum) formerly glass cutter to Louis XVI. late king of France. We have seen a six light chandelier, with prisms of his cutting, which does credit to the workman, and reflects honor on our country, for we have reason to believe it is the first ever cut in the U. States. It is suspended in the house of Mr. Kerr, innkeeper, of this place.
Increase of weavers. —In the year 1800, there were but 5 looms in Pittsburgh; in 1807 there were 13, and at this time (1809) we have 44. It is calculated they weave about 52,900 yards annually, of linsey woolsey and cotton and linen mixed, which is worth upon an average 66 cents per yard, amounting to $38,848. There was also considerable quantities of rugs, table-cloths, rug carpets, coverlets, &c. woven.
Linen. —About 80,000 yards of flaxen linen, coarse and fine, brought to the Pittsburgh market yearly, averaging from 25 to 40, and some at from 75 to 100 cents per yard, (the two last qualities are increasing in quantity) besides about 10,000 yards of cotton and linen mixed, and 5000 yards of linsey-woolsey; all made in this and the neighboring counties, by the industrious families of farm houses.
We feel a pleasure in having seen a fine piece of linen made by a lady of this place—it spun 6 dozen cuts to the pound, and is 1600 in quality; it sold for one hundred and fifty cents per yard. We have seen another piece spun by another lady of Allegheny county and wove by her husband, beautiful in quality and texture. If we had a few spinsters, such as these ladies, our country would soon be relieved of the heavy expence of importing linens from Europe. There is no doubt but we have hundreds, nay thousands of excellent spinsters, but they are as lights under a bushel, hid for want of encouragement to show themselves: now is the time—let them throw off the mantle; their country calls for their noblest exertions. Let it no longer be foolishly and roundly asserted, that the American flax will not make, nor can the American women spin, fine linen. The assertion is a libel on our country.
Fine thread. —We are happy to find that fine and beautiful thread is now brought to our market. We have seen some of 12 dozen cuts to the pound, about the quality of No. 28 imported.
Woolen cloth. —We have seen a beautiful piece of fine black cloth made by Mr. John D. Bassa, of Zelienople, Butler county. Pen. a German gentleman of enterprize. It was made from his Merino sheep, and will bear a comparison with imported cloths, such as we buy from our merchants at from 8 to 9 dollars per yard. We have also seen a piece made by Col David Humphreys, of Connecticut, which does honor to the patriotic exertions of its worthy manufacturer; a man whose name will be engraven on the minds of his fellow-citizens, for his noble labors in the encouragement of the domestic manufactures of his country, particularly his rapid improvement of the breed of sheep, by the introduction of the Merino breed. There is a good deal of the coarser woolen cloths made by our farmers for family use. Some flannel is also manufactured.
The Philadelphia Domestic Society, we are informed, have for sale, very handsome woolen cloths, calicoes, and all kinds of cottons. Our western merchants we should suppose, ought to give this society, and all others of the kind, every encouragement.
Rope works. —We have but one, and this on a small scale; there is one at Brownsville and one at Wheeling, on a tolerable large plan. In Lexington, and at Louisville, Falls of Ohio, there are several on a very large scale. At Cincinnati, Ohio, there is a rope walk whose proprietor advertises for 500,000 lbs. of hemp, at five dollars per hundred cwt.
Snuff & Segars. —There are 5000 lbs. of Rapee and Scotch Snuff, and about 800,000 segars manufactured here annually, principally of Kentucky tobacco.
Flour & Whiskey. —Of these articles, a vast and unknown amount is made throughout this country. There is, however, too little foreign demand for the former and too great a home consumption of the latter, for the good of the inhabitants.
A horse full of machines. —At the lower falls of Big Beaver creek, there are, an oil mill, fulling mill, a mill for boring and grinding gun barrels, a wool carding machine, a nail factory, and a mill for sawing whet-stones, all under one roof. At the same place, are a cotton carding machine and spinning jenny, an ingenious machine for cutting and forming at one stroke, cotton and felt, a machine for cutting large screws for tobacco presses and fulling mills, and one for making fullers shears. The greater part of the above machines are made by DAVID TOWNSEND, an indefatigable and ingenious mechanic, and one of the firm.
Boat & ship building. —Kentucky and New Orleans boats, keels, barges, skiffs, &c. are made in great numbers on all our rivers. And there now is a vessel of 150 tons building on the Allegheny river about ten miles above this place by Mr. Robbins. Considerable ship building has been carried on at Marietta and other places on the Ohio, but the business has been slackened by the change of our commercial affairs with Europe, whose system of commerce seems to be that of war and plunder, our peace and justice. These principles are now at issue, (and time they should be) and the great dispenser of events only knows where it will terminate.
Pipes and queensware. —We have a pipe factory in town, and there is a good kind of queensware made at Charlestown, Brooke county, Vir. together with stone wares; stonewares are also made at Wheeling and other places. Earthen potteries are numerous.
Woollen and cotton cards. —There is a factory of these at Brownsville, and one for cotton cards is now erecting at Eddyville, on the Cumberland river, (Ky.) by Matthew Lyon.
Paper. —We have two extensive paper mills, one on Big Redstone and the other near the mouth of Little Beaver creek, which manufacture good paper of different kinds to the value of about 25 or 30,000 dollars worth annually. But they do not supply as much as the market stands in need of. Much of this article is yet brought from the mountains. There are six paper mills we are informed in the state of Kentucky, one of which goes part of the year by the force of steam—[We sincerely admonish our good housewives and their little daughters to save all clean linen and cotton rags, for without these no paper can be made, and without paper books cannot be printed. A good price will be given for them by all the printers of this place.]
Steam mill. —A mill of this kind has been recently erected in town, and of a construction and mechanism that does honor to human invention. It is calculated for three pair of stones, which it is expected will make 100 barrels of flour in 24 hours. The running gears are all of cast iron, of which there is near 10 tons about it. The two cylindrical boilers, which are of wrought iron, are 26 feet in length and 27 inches in diameter; they consume about 20 bushels of coal daily, which costs one dollar. The mill is owned by Owen and Oliver Evans of Philadelphia, and has cost them, it is said, $14,000.
Salt. —There are 300,000 bushels of salt made annually at the Onondaga salt works, in the state of New-York. The two works on Big Yellow Creek, Ohio, make about 5000 bushels a year. The salt works below Chillicothe, say 3000 bushels. In Kentucky there are 15 licks, at which are made about 60,000 bushels. King's salt works, bordering Tennessee, make, say 25,000 bushels. The saline works in the Indiana territory, 15,000 bushels a year. The works newly set into operation in Butler county, (Pen.) by Thomas Collins, Esq. make about 2,000 bushels; amounting in all to about 420,000 bushels of an annual internal supply. And it is thought double this quantity could be made, were these works carried on to their full extent.
A report of Albert Gallatin, of January last, says 'The annual average of imported and consumption of salt, is almost 3,000,000 bushels, weighing each 56 lbs. equal to 75,000 tons, and requiring in fact, 135,000 tons of shipping for its importation.'
Bar iron and castings. —Our country is rich in furnaces and forges. Within 60 miles of this place there about 4000 tons of bar iron, 18,000 tons of pigs & castings, & 400 tons of silt iron, made annually. Exclusive of what is made at these forges, about 500 tons of rolled and bar iron come to our market annually from forges in the mountains.
Shot. —There is an old factory of this article at the lead furnace in Louisiana territory, and we understand a factory for patent shot is about to be erected there on a very large scale. [There are two patent shot factories in Philadelphia, which make vast quantities of this article.]
Powder. —We have several powder mills in this country; but their supplies are not equal to the consumption. Considerable quantities are brought from the manufactories over the mountains.
Saddlery. —This business is carried on briskly; to the value of about $40,000 worth of saddles, bridles, &c. are manufactured here annually; and in Kentucky, we are informed, it is still more extensive.
Cheese. —This article is made in New Connecticut, Ohio, to a very considerable amount, and exported to Kentucky and to this place. Considerable quantities of good cheese is, however, made by the industrious farmers in this neighborhood and disposed of in our market. Mr. Robbins, about a mile from town, it is supposed, makes in three dairies, 9,000 pounds annually, at 12 1/2 cents per pound, is $1125.
Boots & shoes. —These are made in this place to the amount of about 35,000 pairs of shoes, and 15,000 pairs of boots annually. The most extensive manufacturer in this place is Mr. James Riddle, whose annual sales are considerably above $7000. Women's shoes, however, are not made to any considerable extent. A considerable shoe factory is carried on at Harmony, Butler county, (Pen.) a handsome village settled by Germans.
Hats. —We have a great internal supply of hats manufactured throughout the western country. Mr. Abraham Watkins, is allowed, by the best judges, to manufacture hats equal to any in the U. States, or perhaps in the world.
Stockings. —But few of these are made, except those knit in private families, and these of the coarser kind of woollen stockings and socks—they are, however, increasing.
WASHINGTON CITY.
MONDAY, SEPTEMBER 11.
Mr. Jackson, the British Envoy, arrived in this city on Friday last.
It will be seen, by the news under the Baltimore head, that the verbal account of the victory gained by the French over the Austrians is confirmed. Hamburg papers to the 19th, and Danish papers to the 21st have been received at Baltimore by the Eutaw, from Sytt. There are no bulletins in these papers.
Several seamen having deserted from L'Africaine frigate, which brought Mr. Jackson, and is now lying at Annapolis, seven of these persons were apprehended in Baltimore by John Hunter, sheriff, and imprisoned; but when brought before Judge Scott on the 8th inst. they were discharged on the ground of their having been detained without a legal commitment. Their commitment excited considerable indignation among the people of Baltimore, and a large concourse of people attended their release.
These seamen inform that the following American citizens, having been impressed, are now on board L'Africaine, viz. Edward Swaine, John Ferguson, George Wilson, John Butler, John Williams, Ambrose Cross. The three last are men of color.
MERINO WOOL. —By the latest accounts from England, Merino wool was selling at 26s. sterling per pound. The cause of this increase of price is that the intestine war in Spain has so far destroyed the breed of Spanish sheep as to render the wool very scarce. What few of the sheep remained having been mostly transported to France, England, and perhaps other parts of Europe, it will be some time before they are brought to that perfection in any other country to which they had arrived in Spain previous to the Revolution. The farmers of America have now a fair object of competition with any other country, in endeavoring to exceed in the breed of sheep, and consequently to command a market for their wool, when more shall be raised than is necessary for the consumption of this country; which will not soon happen, however, as the home manufactures in this article are daily increasing. They have every incentive, both of patriotism and interest, to induce them particularly to attend to this object.
There are now several imported Merino Rams in this country. Col. Humphreys of Connecticut, Robert R. Livingston of New-York, and Mr. Dupont of Wilmington, Del. each possess one. Mr. Dupont imported his ram in 1801 or 2, and of course has been breeding from him seven or eight years. Mr. R. Livingston and Col. Humphreys have been crossing the breed from their rams perhaps the same length of time; so that although it is but a very few years since the first of the breed was imported into this country, there are already many of the half, three-quarter and full bred Merinos owned by the best sheep breeders in the northern states. Every industrious and careful farmer should endeavor to obtain sheep of that breed, and it is within the power of almost every one. The benefits of breeding from this description of sheep have already been fully shewn in Mr. Livingston's statements.
ERRATA in the National Intelligencer of the 4th inst. in the article of Gun-Boats. In the 4th column 3d line, for solitary read salutary , and in the 6th, for union-frontier , read iron-frontier .
The following piece was offered for publication on Thursday last, but too late for insertion in Friday's paper. As our correspondents do not appear likely to convince each other, it is to be hoped that they will close their controversy. Some expressions in the following piece, deemed too harsh for publication, have been omitted or changed.
X TO MY NEIGHBOR X.
I was in hopes that after having received a gentle and amicable rebuke for your misrepresentations in regard to this city, you would, at least, not have repeated them. I am however disappointed, and shall take the liberty, although I am one of those plain mechanics whom you say you addressed the other day, of being perhaps a little harsher than I was in my first reply. In this, I presume, I shall be justified by all who now see and hear you perversely declaring that you will maintain all the points you before stated as true, excepting as to the lighting of Georgetown. It is impossible that this can be the effect of ignorance only; it is either an indecent disregard of truth, or at least a combination of the two. You have accused me of personality. I know not where you find it. Surely not in the incidental mention which I made of the names of two or three gentlemen without the slightest indecency either in word or thought towards them. I never before knew that the mentioning of names constituted 'personality' and rendered 'the freedom of the press mandatory.' We must not say then that Washington, Franklin, &c. were the benefactors of their country: that Hampton, Poydrass, Carroll, &c. are wealthy men; that 'Young, Laird and Barlow are monied gentlemen.' I confess I always supposed that 'personality' resulted from, or depended on, the manner in which names were used, and the matter applied to the bearers of them.
By undertaking to serve the new bank, you profess to mean to serve the city. The public confidence is of all other things most important to the city: and you, forsooth, proceed to state that the city is 'languishing' and 'in ruins,' in order to serve the bank! What effect pray has this picture on public confidence, or the opinion of the world? Under pretext of administering a dose of medicine, you infuse a deadly poison. In order to do us a partial good, you do us an universal, or at least a general, evil. Or, to make a comparison familiar to myself, you act as my carter would do, if he were to harness a treble team of horses to the back of his cart, whilst he has but one poor half-starved animal in front. It has lately leaked out amongst us mechanics, that this is not the first attempt you have made to injure the city, notwithstanding your boast that "there is not an inhabitant in the city who in his very limited sphere has labored more for its welfare!" And I now think it my duty thus publicly to pronounce both your publications injurious to the city. It will not benefit you here to complain of my having left unnoted an important sentence in your first publication. To give to it all the force which even you now demand, it would merely go to contradict, in part, or to neutralize the general contents of your libel. Then you mean to prove and disprove the same things, at the same time! We are 'languishing & in ruins,' and our 'improvement is progressing!' But, besides that this neglected paragraph is incorrect in fact, inasmuch as we had the advantage of the branch bank of the U. S. in our most untoward and unprosperous times, it is evidently but a miserable shift dragged in at the tail of your piece not to cover its deformity, but for another purpose. It may, if it be consistent with the rules of rhetoric and composition, of which I am no judge, be called a spur to prick us up. Because one bank has done something, ergo the new bank must do every thing! But as "the subscription is now full & overflowing it is not worth while to say another word upon the subject!" Really! then your only object was to excitate a bank, no matter what becomes of us afterwards! I pray you to take us poor mechanics under your protection. Do not disregard and throw us by, the moment you have our money. Recollect you are "acquainted with many mechanics of skill and industry, some of them having families, who came hither between 1793 and 1794, who have expended the substance and youth they brought hither, and are now too poor to get away, and too much dejected to be benefited by our grow-

ing prosperity." I meant to be a little pleasant, but really I cannot suppress the honest indignation which this ludicrous jumble excites. Are young mechanics so much decayed since '91? Do not some mechanics, and architects also, decay in Philadelphia or in any land, although flowing with milk and honey, and from a thousand causes other than local circumstances? And why should they even wish to depart now, in the times of our "growing prosperity?" And if you know anything about the city, do you not know many mechanics who have made themselves independent here, and others who are rapidly "progressing in prosperity?" &c.
I have said that your publications were injudicious; and I believe there is not a candid man among us who will differ from me: for it is now evident that it was not zeal for the promotion of a favorite new object which hastily betrayed you into errors and inadvertence, which a deliberate review must have detected and corrected. Gratitude, if no other consideration, ought to have prevented you from making these statements. I say gratitude , and, sir, if you do not understand me, I shall endeavor to make myself intelligible. Are not your hostile and angry feelings sufficiently gratified by railing against us in the principal Atlantic cities? Must you proclaim on the house-tops, nay, to the nations of the world, that the metropolis of America is in a state of misery and decay? For shame! I call on you, in behalf of our citizens, to state the proportion of members of our legislature, &c. who are now unable to procure accommodations in this city, and to compare them with their former numbers; to prove the decline or incompetency of our own markets; to show that improvement is repelled, that the energy is wasted, and the property crippled, of all who sit down in the city; to show the ruins of skill and industry that stalk about it, the inhabitants, (for your quibble as to this part of the sentence does not materially vary it) harmonising with our ruined buildings, falling before they are finished, &c. &c. I call on you, I say, to prove those gross assertions, in the face of the notorious facts that our population has trebled in about 9 years time; and that in about 10 or 12 years time our improvements have increased one hundred fold—our business incredibly augmented—our markets astonishingly improved, &c. and that there is but a solitary instance of a fabric's falling before it was finished (an arch in the Capitol) and that I presume you will not ascribe to a want of Bank Capital. Y.
It is impossible that any candid man can here adduce as evidence against my position the buildings about the Point & others similarly circumstanced.
Norfolk, June 1.
A cause of an extraordinary nature was decided at the last term of the Hustings Court of this borough. The case was this: A French privateer about three years since fell in with a vessel belonging to this port, in some part of the Florida Gulph; carried her under the shore, and anchored; plundered her of part of her cargo, materials, and took out two negro slaves belonging to the owner here; afterwards the master of the privateer (as the master of the American vessel stated in his protest, but which was not before the court) compelled the American master to draw a ransom bill for 4000 dollars on his owner, which the latter did. The action was brought to recover the amount of this bill. The case was reserved on points of law for the court, who we understand unanimously decided in favor of the defendant.
We were not present at the argument, but wretched indeed would be the state of our commerce, if our courts were to countenance such actions. The pirates, for they are little better, who infest the seas, would make short work with us; what they could not safely carry off, they would make us redeem by ransom bills .
LATEST FROM EUROPE.
[Translated for the Whig.]
Manheim, July 14. The 5th and 6th instant, are famous in history of the war. The Emperor Napoleon on the 5th crossed the Danube with his numerous army, the 6th began the most memorable battle that was ever fought. It was near Neusiedeln that the French army obtained a complete victory.
According to the news from Munich, a courier had arrived the 9th July, announcing 30,000 prisoners being already taken. Letters from Carlsruhe, state, the number of prisoners taken on the 5th and 6th of July to be 40,000. The 7th, the remains of the Austrian army was pursued:—other letters to the 7th, state the number of dead and wounded to be 50,000—the Bavarian and Saxon troops covered themselves with glory.
Carlsruhe, July 12. Captain Sauter is just arrived, as a courier extraordinary, bringing the news of a grand battle gained by his Majesty the Emperor of the French over the Austrians, the 6th and 7th July.
Linzt, July 8. The victory is now decided, the 4th courier has just arrived and brings us this important news.
The archduke Charles is mortally wounded; the archduke Lewis is also wounded—16 generals killed & wounded or made prisoners—upwards of 30,000 men shared the same fate—100 cannons were taken. In the beginning of the battle, the right wing of the enemy was driven out of its batteries, the centre was next forced—The retreat of the enemy towards Hungary, is cut off. The slaughter was dreadful; the field of battle is covered with dead and wounded—
The enemy is closely pursued. The great drama will be finished in the course of this month.
Wolkersdorf, July 7. —After the battle of Wagram, the enemy's army fled in great confusion, and is pursued in every direction. Our vanguard is at two leagues from Nicholsburg. His majesty's head quarters is at Wolkersdorf, precisely at the same place where the Emperor of Austria was the night before. This unfortunate prince looked from the mountain Hebersbrunn, at the battle, and as soon as he perceived it to be lost, went back to Brunn.
The inhabitants state the amount of wounded and dead to be enormous.
This army, which amounted to two hundred thousand men, is reduced to about 45 thousand men. The amount of their dead is stated to be about 45 to 50 thousand. The dead bodies of 20 generals have been found on the field of battle.
Munich, July 9. —The 5th and 6th inst. will ever be memorable. Yesterday, after skillful manoeuvres, all the enemy's fortifications were carried; he was (the enemy) driven to the plains, and pursued three miles from the Danube.
To day the enemy has been attacked on the heights of Wagram, Baumersdorf and Neusiedeln. All the united forces of Austria have been completely beaten. The victory was decided at 10 A. M. Her losses, in prisoners, cannon and standards are enormous. We have lost no officer of any note. The emperor is in good health.
The French general Moletor has been detached from the grand army to protect Dalmatia.
Taken from the Copenhagen Gazette of the 21st July.
The last news received from the Austrians themselves, attest their defeat.
The following letter has been forwarded from Machren, dated 9th July.
On the 5th the French made a violent attack on the left wing of the Austrians. The city of Enzersdorf was consumed in the evening of the 4th. On the 5th early at Morgen, the French crossed the Danube with 35,000 men, near Fischamend—While the Austrians right wing resisted the French army, the left wing was falling back, fighting. The 6th, the attack was renewed with the left wing, which was in a short time overpowered. The Austrian army was obliged to retire to Bismaberg. By the crossing the Danube by Fischamend, the division of the archduke John was cut off, and was unable to assist the left wing of the main army. News from the French head-quarters mention, that about 40,000 prisoners and 100 pair of cannon have been taken. The loss of the French is not known, but according to the positions the Austrian army had, and the way they fought, the enemy's loss must be enormous, tho' it is related as a fact, that more than 50,000 French soldiers have not had the least share in the battle.
The Austrian field marshal lieutenant D'Aspre, and general Normann, have been killed in the battle of the 5th and 6th; 13 generals besides are said to be wounded or killed.
Hamburg, July 21, 8 o'clock A. M. —This moment a courier from the emperor and king has arrived with a copy of the armistice agreed upon between the two emperors on the 12th inst. and has brought us the agreeable news that peace is very near.
ARMISTICE
Agreed upon between the emperor of France and king of Italy and the emperor of Austria.
Art. 1. There shall be an armistice between his majesty the emperor of the French, king of Italy and his majesty the emperor of Austria.
Art. 2. The line of demarcation, on the part of Austria is boundary between Austria & Bohemia, the circle of Brunn & a line established on the confines of Mahren above Raab. This line begins at Brunn near the Marsh and the Marsh on the other side with its confluence with the Zaya, from thence to St. Johns and along the road from Prespurg, Reissburg and three miles around the city. The river Danube until its confluence with the Raab and three miles from its banks until it reaches Styermark, Carinthia, Istria, (with the exception of Piume which is submitted to the determination of his highness the archduke Charles)
Art. 3. The citadels of Brunn and Gratz shall be immediately delivered up after signing of the armistice.
Art. 4. The Austrian troops shall evacuate the Tyrol and the Vorarlberg; the fort of Sachsenburg shall be delivered up to the French troops.
Art. 5. The magazines, provisions and arms, in those places in the possession of the Austrian troops, may be carried away.
Art. 6. With regard to Poland, both armies shall occupy what they at present possess.
Art. 7. The present armistice shall continue for one month—fifteen days
notice shall be given prior to the commencement of hostilities.
Art. 8. Commissioners on both sides shall be appointed to fulfil the conditions of this armistice.
Art. 9. To morrow (the 13th) the Austrian troops shall begin to evacuate the territories designated in the armistice. Fort Brunn shall be delivered up to the French on the 14th, and Gratz on the 16th July, inst.
Done and concluded by the undersigned, and authorised by both Sovereigns
Baron VON VIMPSEN, Major gen in chief of the staff of the Austrian army.
His Excellency The Prince NEUFCHATEL. Certified by the Gen. of the staff of the 3d corps, REUBEL. The Secretary in the absence of the Commandant, MARINVILLE.
POSTSCRIPT.
By last night's mail we have received the following bulletin, containing the official account of the last battle on the Danube, translated for the North American from the "Hamburg Correspondent" of the 21st of July.
MUNICH, July 12. TWENTY-FIFTH BULLETIN OF THE ARMY.
Wolkersdorf, 8th July. Passage of the arm of the Danube to the Island of Lobau.
On the 4th at 10 in the evening, gen. Oudinot embarked 1500 of gen. Courroux's voltigeurs on the great arm of the Danube. Col. Basté with 10 gun boats carried them out and landed them beyond the confluence of the lesser arm of the island of Lobau in the Danube. The batteries of the enemy were soon silenced, and he was pursued from the wood to the village of Muhlent.
At 11 o'clock in the evening the batteries planted against Enzersdorf received orders to begin to fire. The howitzers reduced this unfortunate small city to ashes, and in less than half an hour the enemy's batteries were silenced.
At 2 o'clock after midnight, the army had (the figure is illegible) bridges, and the left wing debouched, under the protection of the batteries 1500 toises below Enzersdorf, and the right at Wittau. The corps of the duke of Rivoli (Massena) composed the right wing, that of Oudinot the centre, and Auerstadt's (Davoust) the left wing—The corps of the duke of Ponte Corvo (Bernadotte) of the Vice Roy, and of Ragusa (Marmont) the guards and the cuirassiers composed the 2d line and the reserve. The great darkness, a heavy storm and a rain which poured in streams rendered this night as dreadful, as it was favorable to the French army, & glorious as it was to eventuate.
On the 5th at the earliest dawn, every man perceived the emperor's plan, who was now with his army in order of battle at the furthest extremity of the enemy's left wing, had turned all his intrenchments, rendered all his works useless, and had compelled the Austrians to move out of their posts, and to give him battle upon ground which was advantageous. This great problem was accomplished, and without passing the Danube any where else, without even any support from the works, the enemy was obliged to fight three quarters of a league from his redoubt. New was anticipated the greatest and most happy result.
At 8 in the morning, the batteries which played upon Enzersdorf, had produced such an effect that the enemy was fain to take possession of it with 4 battalions. The duke of Rivoli ordered his first aid-de-camp St. Croix to march against it, of which he possessed himself without much opposition, and captured every thing in it.
Count Oudinot surrounded the fortress of Sachsengang, which the enemy had garrisoned, compelled 900 men who garrisoned it to surrender, and took 12 pieces of cannon. Now the Emperor ordered the whole of his army to display upon the immense plain of Enzersdorf.
Meanwhile the enemy, who had committed an error in his plans, recovered from his astonishment, and endeavoured to command some advantage on the new field of battle. For this purpose he detached many columns of infantry, a great number of artillery and all his cavalry, as well of the line as new levies, in order, if possible, to outflank the right wing of the French army, for which purpose he took possession of the village of Rutzendorf. The emperor ordered Count Oudinot to take this village, and ordered the duke of Auerstadt to pass on the right of it, and direct himself against the head-quarters of the Archduke Charles as he was continuing to march from the right to the left.
From noon till nine o'clock in the evening we manoeuvred in this vast
plain. We took all the villages, and as we approached the heights of their entrenched posts, they retired from them as though through magic. The Duke of Rivoli caused them to be taken possession of without opposition. In this manner we got into our power the works of Essling and Gross Aspern, and thus the forty days work of the enemy was rendered totally useless to him. At Raschedorff, which the Duke of Ponte Corvo caused to be attacked and taken, he met with some opposition. The enemy was every where put to flight and annihilated by the superiority of our fire. The immense field of battle remained covered with his fragments.
BATTLE OF WAGRAM.
Greatly dismayed by the progress of the French army, and its great results occasioned almost without an effort, the enemy ordered all his troops to march, and in the evening took the following position: His right wing extended from Stadlau to Gernsdorff, his centre from Gernsdorff to Wagram, and his left wing from Wagram to Neustadel. The left wing of the French army was at Great Aspern, its centre at Raschedorff, and its right at Glinzendorff. In this order night came on, and we prepared for a great battle the next morning. The position of the enemy was reconnoitred throughout in order to hinder him from adopting any system, after we should take possession of the village of Wagram in the night. Wagram was attacked; our troops took the village; but a Saxon column and a French column in the dark took each other for enemies, and the operation miscarried.
Already we were preparing for the battle of Wagram. It appears that the dispositions of the French and Austrian generals were opposed to each other.
The emperor employed the whole night to draw together his force into the centre, where he was personally within cannon shot of Wagram. For this purpose the duke of Rivoli marched to the left of Aderklaa, and left a single division at Aspern, which had orders in case of necessity to retreat to the island of Lobau. The duke of Auerstadt had orders to advance beyond the village of Grosshof, in order to approach the centre. The Austrian general in the mean time weakened his centre in order to occupy and strengthen his wings: to which he gave an additional extent.
On the 6th at day-break the duke of Ponte Corvo occupied the left wing. In his second line was the duke of Rivoli. The Vice King closed in the centre, where the corps of Count Oudinot, that of the duke of Ragusa, the corps of the Imperial Guard, and the division of cuirassiers formed seven or eight lines. The duke of Auerstadt marched from the right wing to reach the centre. The enemy on the other hand placed the corps of Bellegarde at Radlau in March; the corps Collowrath, Lichtenstein and Muller united with the right wing in the position of Wagram, where the Prince of Hohenzollern was, and at the end of the left wing at Neustadel, where the corps of Rosenberg and Auerberg debouched, and by a curved movement at the early dawn fell upon each other and gave the signal for battle.
The emperor also commenced at this period, ordered the duke of Auerstadt to be reinforced by the division of cuirassiers of the duke of Padua, and the corps of Rosenberg to be taken in flank by a battery of twelve pieces of the division of Gen. count Nanzouty. In less than three quarters of an hour the fine corps of Auerstadt defeated the corps of Rosenberg and pursued it beyond Neustadel, and did it great injury.
Meanwhile the cannonade became general through the whole line, and the disposition of the enemy displayed itself every moment. His whole left wing was lined with artillery. It might be said that the Austrian general prepared not to obtain a victory, but that he had in view only the means of taking advantage of it. This disposition seemed so unskilful, that a defeat was anticipated, and the Emperor waited some time before he ordered the small disposition which was necessary to frustrate that of the enemy and to render it a misfortune to him.
He ordered the duke of Rivoli to attack a village which the enemy occupied, and by which the centre of the army was a little galled. He ordered the duke of Auerstadt to take the position of Neustadel and thence to advance to Wagram, and ordered the duke of Ragusa and gen. Macdonald to form in columns to seize upon Wagram the moment the duke of Auerstadt debouched.
After these occurrences we were informed that the enemy made a desperate assault upon the village which the duke of Rivoli had taken; our left wing was surrounded at 300 toises; a violent cannonade was already heard at Gross Aspern, and the whole interval between Gross Aspern and Wagram was occupied by an immense line of artillery. No doubt was left about it.
The emperor in this situation, ordered gen. Macdonald to form the divisions of Broussier and Lamarque into columns for the attack. He ordered them to be supported by the divisions of gen. Nansouty, the horse-guards and forty detachments of different corps. Gen. Count Lauriston march-
ed at the head of this battery of 160 pieces of artillery against the enemy, approached him without firing, till he came within half cannon shot, and then commenced an astonishing fire, whereby slaughter and death were carried into the enemy's ranks. The general of division Reille supported with the brigade of fusileers and tirailleurs the guard of gen. Macdonald. The guard altered its front to render the attack possible. In a moment the centre of the enemy lost a league of ground. His astonished wing marked the danger of the situation in which it was and in great haste moved back. Now the duke of Rivoli attacked him during the flight of the centre and the movement forced the right wing; Neustadel was taken from his left wing, by the duke of Auerstadt, who ascended the hill and marched against Wagram, attacked and surrounded it. The divisions of Broussier and Cubin covered themselves with glory.
It was now 10 o'clock in the morning, and intelligent men saw that the day was decided, and that victory was on our side.
At noon, Count Oudinot marched against Wagram, to support the attack of the duke of Auerstadt. He succeeded, and he got possession of this important station. From 10 o'clock the enemy thought of nothing but his retreat. Since noon, this was plainly going on and in disorder, and long before night came on the enemy was out of sight. Our left wing stood at Jetelsdorf and Ebersdorf, our centre near Ebersdorf, and the cavalry of our right wing was extended, their posts at Schoenkirchen.
On the 7th at day-break the army was in motion, and marched against Korneuburg & Wolkersdorf, and took post at Nicholsburg. The enemy cut off from Hungary and Maleren, found itself on the side of Bohemia driven into a straight.
Such is the representation of the battle of Wagram, the distinguished and ever glorious battle, where from 3 to 400,000 men with from 12 to 1500 cannon, fought for a great interest, on a field which by the enemy was studied and fortified for several months. Ten standards, 400 cannon, 20,000 prisoners, among whom are from 3 to 400 officers, and among whom are a considerable number of generals, colonels and majors, are the trophies of this victory. The fields of battle are covered with dead bodies, among whom were found the bodies of several generals, and among the rest that of Mr. Normann, a Frenchman and traitor to his country, who prostituted his talents against it. All the wounded of the enemy have fallen into our hands. Those whom he was able to carry off at the beginning of the battle, were found in the environs of the villages. We may compute that the result of this battle cost the Austrian army in all about 60,000 men; our loss is estimated at 1500 dead and 3 or 4000 wounded.
At the moment when the duke of Istria was ordering the attack of the cavalry, his horse was killed by a cannon ball. The shot struck the saddle and occasioned him a slight contusion of the thigh.
The general of division Lassalle was killed by a musket ball. He was an officer of great merit and one of the best generals of light horse.
The Bavarian gen. Von Wrede and the gens. Perks, Grenier, Vignolle, Selune and Defiance were wounded. Col. Prince Aldobrandini was struck on the arm by a musket ball. The majors of Chasseurs of the guard, Daumenil and Cobineau, and col. St. Croix were also wounded. The adjutant commandant, Duprat, was killed. The col. of the 9th regiment of Infantry of the line remained on the field of battle. This regiment covered itself with glory.
The general staff is making out a statement of our loss.
A singular circumstance in this great battle is, that the columns, which lay nearest to Vienna, were not 200 toises distant from it. The numerous population covered the towers, roofs and heights, to witness this great spectacle.
The emperor of Austria quitted Wolkersdorf on the 6th at 5 in the morning, and ascended at Belvedere, whence he saw the field of battle, and remained till noon, when he scampered away at full speed.
The French head quarters arrived on the 7th in the morning at Wolkersdorf.
[In the beginning of the bulletin remarks are made on the positions of the armies. The Austrians were in all stated at 200,000 men, and their artillery at from 8 to 900 field pieces.—Note of the German Editor.]
NOTICE.
TO SHEEP BREEDERS, and those particularly who are desirous of improving the Merino breed of sheep. Being disappointed in procuring as many Ewes as I thought would be sufficient to put to my two three-quarter breed Merino Rams, and being requested by several gentlemen to take Ewes for the season, I now propose taking Ewes on the following terms, viz. I will take three healthy young Ewes for the season of one Ewe, or $5 for the season of each Ewe, the Ewe to be taken away and the money paid when she is done with the ram. Any gentleman at a distance desirous of seeing a sample of the wool of my rams, may, by addressing a letter to me, post paid, have samples sent them.
JOSEPH DOUGHERTY.
City of Washington, Sept. 11—1.
CHARLOTTE HALL SCHOOL.
THE Parents and Guardians of the pupils are respectfully informed, that the classes open this day.
GEORGE RALPH, Principal.
September 1, 1800.
THE PRINCIPAL OF CHARLOTTE HALL SCHOOL.
HAVING resigned his appointment in the said school, after the first of January next, a meeting of the trustees will be held on Monday the 19th inst. to adopt the necessary arrangements for the election of his successor.
Signed, NEALE H. SHAW, Regr. Sept. 11—3t.
JUST RECEIVED, and FOR SALE AT D. RAINE'S BOOK STORE, CAPITOL HILL.
A treatise on Martial Law, and Courts Martial, as practised in the United States of America—published by order of the United States Military Philosophical Society; by Alexander M'culloch, Esq.
Proofs of the corruption of Gen. James Wilkinson, and of his connection with Aaron Burr, with a full refutation of his clandestine allegations in relation to the character of the principal witnesses against him—By Daniel Clark, of the city of New Orleans.
D. R. has also received many other new publications, which he will sell on his usual terms. Sept. 11—6t.

PRINCIPAL OF AN ACADEMY AND PASTOR WANTED. THE Rev. W. L. TURNER, Principal of the Patuxent Academy, and Pastor of the city having expressed his intention of resigning...
ROMULUS RIGGS. Has just received and opening at his New Cash Store, a complete and well selected assortment of SEASONABLE AND FANCY GOODS...
FOR RENT. THE upper part of the House I now occupy, which has Six well finished Rooms, and every necessary back building, all newly furnished...
A FARM TO LET. To Let on shares, a Farm containing 61 acres, distant between 2 1/2 and 3 miles from the Centre Market House in this city...
TO BE RENTED OR LEASED. THE Plantation I now live on, containing about 700 acres, with the Negroes, Stock, Plantation Utensils, &c. &c. The situation is healthy and convenient to market...
VALUABLE FARM FOR SALE. I WILL sell the tract of land on which I reside, called BUSSARD ISLAND, lying on Patuxent river, in Calvert county, and nearly opposite to Benedict...
THE SUBSCRIBER, Having invented an improved Cement, intended as a covering for upright Walls, offers the same to public notice. It resembles stone, and in a very few days after it has been applied to a wall, it possesses a firmness as durable as stone itself.
NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN. THAT the partnership heretofore existing between the subscribers, Silver Smiths and Clock and Watch Makers, under the firm of Bentley and Wood, was this day dissolved by mutual consent.
TWENTY DOLLARS REWARD. ABSCONDED on the 21st of July last, from the subscriber, (manager at the farm of Mr. Isaac Duckett, on South river, near Annapolis) Negro TOM, a small black fellow, lost the sight of one eye.
NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN. THAT the subscriber of Worcester county, has obtained from the Orphans Court of Worcester county in Maryland, Letters of Administration on the personal estate of John Cutler late of Worcester county, deceased.
LANDS IN THE STATE OF OHIO AND KENTUCKY FOR SALE. BY Virtue of the Last Will and Testament of Robert Means, deceased, the subscriber offers for sale, all the Lands of the testator in the states of Ohio & Kentucky.
A VALUABLE FARM FOR SALE. WILL be sold impurchase of the last Will and Testament of Samuel Turner, Esq., deceased, at Public Sale on the premises on the 15th day of November next...
PATENT KNAPSACKS. THE Subscriber having obtained from the United States, a patent for an improved KNAPSACK, which in point of durability and convenience, has been pronounced by the best judges infinitely superior to any hitherto in use.
NOTICE TO COTTON SPINNERS. THE Manufacturing Company of the city of Washington, have erected a machine for carding Cotton on Pennsylvania Avenue, fourth house west of President's Square...
NOTICE. THE subscribers to the Bank of Washington, may receive their receipts for Stock subscribed, and their return money on Friday 8th inst. at Long's hotel, between the hours of 10 A. M. and 3 P. M.
THIS IS TO GIVE NOTICE. THAT the subscribers hath obtained from the Orphans' Court of Prince George's county, Maryland, letters of administration on the personal estate of NATHANIEL NEWTON, late of the said county, deceased.
IN COUNCIL. Annapolis, June 26, 1809. ORDERED, that the act, entitled, An act to alter the thirty-second and thirty-seventh Articles of the constitution and Form of Government, be published twice in each week, for the space of three months...
AN ACT To alter the thirty-second and thirty-seventh Articles of the Constitution and Form of Government. BE it enacted, by the General Assembly of Maryland, That hereafter, upon the death, resignation or removal out of this state, of the governor, it shall not be necessary to call a meeting of the legislature to fill the vacancy occasioned thereby...
AND BE IT ENACTED. That hereafter no governor shall be capable of holding any other office of profit during the time for which he shall be elected. AND BE IT ENACTED, That so much of the thirty-second and thirty-seventh articles of the constitution and form of government as is repugnant to, or inconsistent with, the provisions of this act, be and the same is hereby abrogated and abolished.
AND BE IT ENACTED. That if this act shall be confirmed by the general assembly, after the next election of delegates, in the first session after such new election as the constitution and form of government directs, that in such case this act, and the alteration and amendment of the constitution and form of government therein contained, shall be taken and considered, and shall constitute and be valid, as a part of the said constitution and form of government any thing therein contained to the contrary notwithstanding.
CITY LOTS FOR SALE. THE undermentioned lots of ground are offered for sale, either separately or by squares, on liberal terms either for cash or on credit...
BENJAMIN ADAMSON, CARPET MAKER. Begs leave to inform the public, that he has taken the second floor on Pennsylvania avenue, west of the President's and formerly occupied by Mr. Wren, where he intends carrying on his business in all its various branches...
2000 ACRES OF LAND. Lying on Fighting Creek, Powhatan county, two miles from the Court House, which will be divided into two or more lots to suit purchasers. This land is well watered and calculated for the culture of wheat, corn and tobacco.
LANDS FOR SALE. THE Subscribers offer for sale, the following lands, to wit: about 1100 acres lying on the North-west Branch, in Montgomery county, 14 miles from Washington city, 16 from Georgetown and 8 from Montgomery court-house.
NOTICE. THE Creditors of the late Henry Addison are requested to attend at the Tavern of John Smith Brookes, in Upper Marlborough, on Thursday the 28th day of September next, where a dividend will be made of the money in hand.
NOTICE. The subscriber has commenced the practice of the LAW, and opened an office in the town of Upper Marlborough, Prince George's county. THOS. G. ADDISON.
ABSCONDED. FROM the Subscriber on Sunday evening the 27th of August, my apprentice, named GEORGE LATHAM, is between 18 and 19 years of age, about 5 feet 8 inches high, had on when he went away a round black hat nearly new, a drab colored coatee and blue velvet trousers.
NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN. THAT the Trustees of Charlotte Hall School have abandoned the scheme of a Lottery heretofore proposed by them; and that purchasers of tickets are invited to apply for their money to the persons from whom they bought their tickets.
NOTICE. THIS is to give notice that the Subscriber has obtained Letters of Administration on the personal estate of Adderson Conaway, late of Prince George's county deceased. All persons having claims against the said estate are desired to exhibit the same with the vouchers as soon as possible, and all those indebted to said estate are requested to make immediate payment.
NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN. THAT the subscriber of Worcester county, has obtained from the Orphans Court of Worcester county in Maryland, Letters of Administration on the personal estate of John Cutler late of Worcester county, deceased.
NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN. THAT the subscriber of Worcester county, has obtained from the Orphans Court of Worcester county in Maryland, Letters of Administration on the personal estate of John Cutler late of Worcester county, deceased.
NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN. THAT the subscriber of Worcester county, has obtained from the Orphans Court of Worcester county in Maryland, Letters of Administration on the personal estate of John Cutler late of Worcester county, deceased.
NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN. THAT the subscriber of Worcester county, has obtained from the Orphans Court of Worcester county in Maryland, Letters of Administration on the personal estate of John Cutler late of Worcester county, deceased.
NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN. THAT the subscriber of Worcester county, has obtained from the Orphans Court of Worcester county in Maryland, Letters of Administration on the personal estate of John Cutler late of Worcester county, deceased.
NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN. THAT the subscriber of Worcester county, has obtained from the Orphans Court of Worcester county in Maryland, Letters of Administration on the personal estate of John Cutler late of Worcester county, deceased.
NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN. THAT the subscriber of Worcester county, has obtained from the Orphans Court of Worcester county in Maryland, Letters of Administration on the personal estate of John Cutler late of Worcester county, deceased.
NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN. THAT the subscriber of Worcester county, has obtained from the Orphans Court of Worcester county in Maryland, Letters of Administration on the personal estate of John Cutler late of Worcester county, deceased.
NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN. THAT the subscriber of Worcester county, has obtained from the Orphans Court of Worcester county in Maryland, Letters of Administration on the personal estate of John Cutler late of Worcester county, deceased.
NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN. THAT the subscriber of Worcester county, has obtained from the Orphans Court of Worcester county in Maryland, Letters of Administration on the personal estate of John Cutler late of Worcester county, deceased.
NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN. THAT the subscriber of Worcester county, has obtained from the Orphans Court of Worcester county in Maryland, Letters of Administration on the personal estate of John Cutler late of Worcester county, deceased.
NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN. THAT the subscriber of Worcester county, has obtained from the Orphans Court of Worcester county in Maryland, Letters of Administration on the personal estate of John Cutler late of Worcester county, deceased.
NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN. THAT the subscriber of Worcester county, has obtained from the Orphans Court of Worcester county in Maryland, Letters of Administration on the personal estate of John Cutler late of Worcester county, deceased.
NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN. THAT the subscriber of Worcester county, has obtained from the Orphans Court of Worcester county in Maryland, Letters of Administration on the personal estate of John Cutler late of Worcester county, deceased.
NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN. THAT the subscriber of Worcester county, has obtained from the Orphans Court of Worcester county in Maryland, Letters of Administration on the personal estate of John Cutler late of Worcester county, deceased.
NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN. THAT the subscriber of Worcester county, has obtained from the Orphans Court of Worcester county in Maryland, Letters of Administration on the personal estate of John Cutler late of Worcester county, deceased.
NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN. THAT the subscriber of Worcester county, has obtained from the Orphans Court of Worcester county in Maryland, Letters of Administration on the personal estate of John Cutler late of Worcester county, deceased.
NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN. THAT the subscriber of Worcester county, has obtained from the Orphans Court of Worcester county in Maryland, Letters of Administration on the personal estate of John Cutler late of Worcester county, deceased.
NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN. THAT the subscriber of Worcester county, has obtained from the Orphans Court of Worcester county in Maryland, Letters of Administration on the personal estate of John Cutler late of Worcester county, deceased.
NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN. THAT the subscriber of Worcester county, has obtained from the Orphans Court of Worcester county in Maryland, Letters of Administration on the personal estate of John Cutler late of Worcester county, deceased.