The national intelligencer and Washington advertiser. (Washington City [D.C.]), 1808-05-11 00:00:00

National Intelligencer.
WASHINGTON ADVERTISER.
VOL. VIII.
WASHINGTON CITY, PRINTED BY SAMUEL HARRISON SMITH, PENNSYLVANIA AVENUE.
NO. 1182.
FIVE DOLLARS PER ANNUM.
WEDNESDAY, MAY 11, 1808.
PAID IN ADVANCE.
CONGRESS.
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES.
MONDAY, APRIL 11.
DEBATE on the reference of certain petitions from sundry inhabitants of Massachusetts on the subject of FISH, which are presented from exporting by the Embargo.
Mr. QUINCY presented petitions from five towns in Massachusetts, respecting fish, stating the peculiar distress under which they labor from the operation of the embargo; that it falls unequally upon that class of citizens to which they belong; that they are the class least able to bear it; that their soil is miserable and sandy; and that they depend wholly upon the fishing business for support. Having no other employment than fishing; that to carry it on with any success, they should have the right of exportation, as great part of the product of their labor is consumed in foreign countries; that the common home consumption is much reduced by the present low price of other articles for the support of life; that the whole of their product now on hand is of a perishable nature, and great danger will arise in consequence of its perishing in summer; that in their opinion it would be better to lose part by capture than to lose the whole from the denial of the privilege of exportation. They pray therefore that they may be allowed to export in foreign ships; they consider that the principle admitted by the permission granted to vessels in ballast to bring home property from abroad, applies here, as that principle was the only mode of saving property, and the proposed mode is the only one which may be devised for saving a valuable property in fish; if this be denied, they pray that the Secretary of the Treasury may be allowed to buy their fish.
In connection with these petitions, Mr. Quincy said he would offer the following resolution, and would preface it but by one observation; that these petitions came from a great number of the laboring class of citizens, stating that their very subsistence was at stake; and that some mode must be devised by which they may escape from perishing:
Resolved , That a committee be appointed to take into consideration the peculiar hardships and sufferings to which the citizens of the United States immediately interested in the fisheries are subjected by the various acts laying an embargo, and that the committee be instructed to enquire, whether any, and if any, what relief ought to be extended to them, and that it have leave to report by bill or otherwise.
The House agreed to consider the resolution, Ayes 72.
Mr. NEWTON moved that the resolution be referred to the committee of the whole House, to whom was referred the report on the petition of certain merchants of Philadelphia, praying for liberty to export flax seed. He saw no reason why a different direction should be given to these petitions.
Mr. D. R. WILLIAMS hoped, if the gentleman from Massachusetts persisted in his motion, that it would not be agreed to; if for no other reason, because it contained a misstatement. It authorized the appointment of a committee to enquire into the peculiar hardships and sufferings of the fishermen in consequence of the embargo; when, if their condition varied from the common lot at all, it was, that they were peculiarly favored. The gentleman from Massachusetts surely did not wish the House to commit itself by a declaration precisely the reverse of the fact; for he was well convinced that they were the peculiarly favored people.
Mr. QUINCY said that even supposing the position taken by the gentleman from South Carolina to be (which he denied) correct, there was no affirmative declaration contained in the resolution. It went merely to appoint a committee to consider, under certain suggestions of certain petitions whether there were any peculiar hardships on that class of citizens. As this is a subject so very important, said Mr. Q. I must beg the indulgence of the House for a few moments. I maintain that there is something peculiar in the situation of the fishermen; and I believe I can so convince the gentleman from South Carolina,
with all his prejudices and preconceived opinions on this point. The nature of this kind of business is in itself peculiar, in this single fact: that it is not profitable to those who carry it on, but of immense importance to the nation. It is not to the individual a profitable mode of employing his industry. The reward of the fisherman is the least, and his hazard the greatest. His recompense is never above mediocrity. He lives upon the sea coast in a shed which scarcely protects him from the storm; his trade is on the bosom of the deep. And what is his reward? A scanty pittance from his daily labour. The receipts from the fish are merely an income which he spends within the year; and if that perishes he has no capital with which to carry on business and support his family.
In order to shew that I am correct, I beg leave to read extracts from a report from the present President of the United States while Secretary of State, on the subject of the fishing trade. He says "The cod and whale fisheries, carried on by different persons, from different ports, in different vessels, in different seas, and seeking different markets, agree in one circumstance, in being as unprofitable to the adventurer as important to the public." In another part of the same report he says "The profits of the sales in 1787-8, were too small to afford a living to the fisherman, and on those of 1789, there was such a loss as to withdraw thirty-three vessels, of the town of Marblehead, alone, from the further pursuit of this business: And the apprehension is, that, without some public aid, those still remaining will continue to withdraw, and this whole commerce be engrossed by a single nation. This rapid view of the cod-fishery, enables us to discern under what policy it has flourished or declined in other nations; and to mark the fact, that it is too poor a business to be left to itself, even with a nation the most advantageously situated." Thus, though highly advantageous to the public, it is productive of little or no profit to the individual. Gentlemen will say, then why follow this business? Why pursue this unprofitable avocation? Why not enter into some other business?
The nature of their soil compels them to pursue it, sir; it will not yield them support. There is another reason for it: it is their habit; the mode of life which they receive from their fathers. They seek their subsistence from the ocean, as much as the sea-birds by plunging among the waves. I ask gentlemen to observe how the embargo acts on these people, and see whether the gentleman from South Carolina be correct; and whether this class of men are not at least entitled to have their petitions considered, and to have some way devised for their relief, that they may not have their whole property left to perish on their hands. The reason is so simple as to strike every gentleman. Much of the product of the fisheries is destined for foreign and but little for internal consumption, and that little now lessened from the depreciation in the price of flour, beef and pork, in consequence of the embargo. The external consumption is destroyed by the direct operation of this law; and the internal diminished by the inevitable effect of the law upon other parts of the community.
I ask the House what is the value of these fisheries in a national point of view. By the statement of the Secretary of the Treasury made in March last, the whole amount of exportation of fish is 2,804,000 dollars; and the amount of tonnage employed is nearly 70,000 tons. By calculation we find that the persons employed in the fisheries will average about one man to every ten tons. Thus 7,000 men are now employed in this business, who derive from it their whole livelihood, the happiness and support of their families. If we divide the sum we shall find that there is to each individual an annual income of 400 dollars; not only his whole income, but the whole hope and reliance of his family. This is all destroyed; and this is the effect of the embargo. If it were tobacco, cotton, or any article that could be stored, it would not be lost; even flaxseed would not suffer so much; for although flaxseed may be destroyed, the farmer has still his capital and stock, while the embargo cannot touch; while our fish-
ermen have their whole substance taken away.
There is one other reason which I will suggest to the House, why some peculiar consideration is due to this subject: that these men will be lost to their country, if some relief be not afforded. Mr. Jefferson, in the report before referred to, speaking of the measures of the English and French governments, and how they seized the opportunity of pushing theirs. "They had some little time before turned their attention to the southern fishery, had given very great bounties in it, and had invited the fishermen of the United States to conduct their enterprises." "In 1788 they increased their bounties, and the temptations to our fishermen, under the general description of foreigners who had been employed in the whale fishery, to pass over with their families and vessels to the British dominions either in America or Europe, but preferably to the latter." "The fishermen of the U. S. left without resource by the loss of their market, began to think of accepting the British invitation, and of removing some to Nova Scotia, preferring smaller advantages in the neighborhood of their ancient country and friends, and others to G. Britain postponing country and friends to high premiums." If Mr. Jefferson was then afraid in consequence of not granting the ordinary encouragements to lose our fishermen by competition, how much more is it to be apprehended, when you not only do not give them an equal chance, but take away their market altogether; when you not only destroy their future market, but past product. In a national point of view then it is highly proper that the House should consider the situation of this class of the people, and not suppose that they do not suffer more than rich individuals who suffer nothing but the suspension of their annual sale.
Mr. BURWELL said, from the tenor of the observations of the gentleman from Massachusetts, he understood him as wishing to convey an impression that the distress of our citizens was caused entirely by the embargo. Now, Mr. B. said, the distress of that class of citizens was not produced by the embargo, but by the state of things in Europe, by the actual prohibition of every branch of our trade by the powers of Europe previous to the imposition of the embargo. I think it important, said he, in every point of view, that this question should be kept strongly before our eyes, not only for our own particular information, but for that of our constituents; that they may be enabled to judge of the stagnation of business produced, not by the embargo, to which alone it is erroneously imputed; but, by the arbitrary measures of foreign governments. I ask the gentleman from Boston this question: what proportion of these fish is consumed in Europe, in ports prohibited by the British orders of council? For really I had been impressed with the idea that a great portion of this fish was consumed in the Mediterranean, in Spain, Portugal, and other Catholic countries. Does the gentleman suppose that the consequence of our relaxing would be that the British would relax? He cannot believe it. It is therefore very important that the people should understand that the evils recited by the gentleman from Boston, as far as they are true, are not produced by our own voluntary acts, but by the injustice of other nations, whose hopes of plunder by our measures we have counteracted. It is then absurd to talk about the stagnation of trade by the embargo. Where would fishermen send their fish, if it were not embargoed? The British have prohibited it all. I perceive they have lately imposed a new regulation on our commerce in relation to the article of cotton. The exportation of it to France was permitted on payment of a considerable duty; but now from excessive tenderness to the U. States, they are inclined to prohibit the exportation altogether. One reason for this measure is, that the French manufactures will be more effectually checked by a prohibition than by a duty; and another is, that they will give less offence to America by prohibiting exportation to France altogether, than by laying a duty on it. They seem to wish to
remember America a little in this: I wish to God they would in all things.
No one would be more disposed to take off the embargo than myself, if the state of our foreign relations would permit it; but if we were instantly relieved from the embargo, what would be the effect on our commerce? I see no part of the world where our produce could get but to England; every article of our produce is confined to a market where perhaps not one fifth of it can be consumed; and practising upon the principle they have adopted in relation to cotton, we shall be prohibited from trading any where but to G. Britain; where but 21 or 22 millions of dollars are consumed, of the 108 millions which you export. Nothing is more evident to me than that by removing the embargo, we should hold out to foreign nations the greatest encouragement to perpetuate that system which would produce the ruin and utter annihilation of the commerce of the U. S.
What would be the effect on our seamen and shipping by a removal of the embargo? Will gentlemen say that more than one fourth of them would be employed in our direct commerce with G. Britain? I presume not; because in proportion to our exportation to any part of the world, is the shipping employed in that trade. If one fifth of our exports are consumed in G. Britain, one fifth of our seamen and shipping will be employed in carrying on the trade. How then would relief be afforded by a removal of the embargo, when no employment would be afforded to our shipping or seamen; when they would only fall a prey to the cruisers of the belligerents? I do contend that if the merchants of this country were true to themselves, instead of raising clamours against the government, they would confirm the people in a confidence in their own resources, and demonstrate to them, as they must well know it, the policy of the measures we have adopted; and in so doing they would display much more patriotism and eventually render much more service to the permanent interest of the country, than by pursuing the line of conduct which has produced these petitions.
Gentlemen say that they are disposed to remain neutral; the gentleman himself has said this was the course to be pursued. How are we to remain neutral if we take off the embargo? Does the gentleman believe, with all the patriotism of the merchants, that they would remain patient while their ships were captured in every sea? Does the gentleman recollect the effervescence which took place amongst them two years ago? Will they be more patient when their whole property was destroyed? You would hear as much patriotism from them as you did once before, and it will desert them in as short a time. If we mean to continue neutral, it appears to me that we must continue in our present situation. When the time arrives that the effects of the embargo shall be more injurious than war, I well know what shall be my course; but I am willing to give foreign powers time to accept or propose liberal arrangements against all difficulty—and if they are disposed to recede, I am willing to relax. Let me ask the gentleman from Massachusetts, if we extend benefits to the fishermen, why not to others of our citizens? Does not the gentleman know that the citizens of every part of the U. S. feel precisely the same impression as the fishermen do? Does not every merchant concerned in exportation feel quite as much? If he had listened to the discussion on the bill for raising a military force, he would have heard it said that every man is paralyzed. If you extend relief to one, do it to all.
I will improve the opportunity while up on this subject, to make some remarks on the course which has been taken in the U. S. in relation to it. The manner in which this measure was opposed when first introduced, and the predictions which were then made must be familiar to all. How have those predictions been fulfilled? When the embargo was first laid, it was objected to as a measure peculiarly to operate on G. Britain, and which would produce immediate war between the two coun-
tries. What is the consequence of it? So far from G. Britain having considered it as a measure aimed at herself, she considers it expressly levelled against France; and if I am not misinformed the ministry have justified their orders of council on the ground of their being issued before the embargo was laid; for if the embargo had been laid before the orders of council, they would have considered the measure as a resistance to the decree of France of November, 1806; and it would have taken from them every pretext for issuing the countervailing orders.
Mr. QUINCY said, the gentleman was anxious to take a distinction, and that it should be marked, that the evils resulting from a stagnation of business were not the result of the embargo, but of the conduct of the belligerents towards the U. S. To answer this fully, said Mr. Q. would oblige me to enter into a discussion of the wisdom of the measure, which I am not disposed to do on an abstract resolution; I will make one observation, however, which if this House will not admit, the nation will: that so far as respects the oppression of industry in its first sources, the active farmer and mechanic, the whole oppression is imputable to the embargo, and not to foreign nations. Suppose the embargo had not been in existence, and all the products of the country had been swept from the ocean by the belligerents. Upon whom would the loss have fallen? Upon the merchants, the insurers—the rich class of the community; upon those classes who are able and willing to bear it. But its operation is such that it stops the profits of industry. Its first weight falls upon the poor; and this is the cruelty, the misfortune—I had almost said the madness of it. The gentleman asks if the embargo were removed, to what ports we could carry our product? It seems to me that the fishermen are better judges than the gentleman from Virginia or myself. They do not say, but I do for them, better would it be that they should be permitted to sell to the merchant, and let the loss fall upon him, than upon the fishermen—the active labourers of the community. This is the misfortune of the policy of this embargo; that you undertake by your laws to do what laws never did do—what they never can do. You undertake to protect better the property of the individual than his own sense of personal interest would enable him to protect it. The interests which society has in the property of the merchant, are much better secured by his own prudence and understanding of his business, than by any general law. This is the great mistake; and it is an error which will be understood because felt by the people. The true course of policy in such a case would have been to say to the merchant, we will not defend you, here are facts; these are the orders of one nation, these the decrees of the other; you see your danger; we have given you all the information in our power; now do what you please. What would have been the consequence of this? The merchant has his eyes open; he buys up the produce of the country, and sends out adventures. The article is captured; it is lost. It gets to a foreign market; which being under-stocked, he receives a better price for it. If it be lost, who loses it? The insurer, sir; not the planter, grower, farmer or fisherman; not industry in its first sources. I could branch out this idea further into a wide field; but I do not wish upon a particular resolution to enter into it. A gentleman from Virginia (Mr. Randolph) the other day touched a point in relation to the constitution, which is worthy the consideration of this House and the nation: whether in the constitution itself the power of laying an embargo be given. If such a power exist, it is idle to say that this is the last time it shall be exercised; the commercial states will not rest till they shall bring forward amendments by which the power shall be limited. There is not an instance in all history of a perpetual embargo; it is a new experiment. It was impossible that the framers of the constitution should presume that a power would be exercised which should exceed any exercised by the most despotic governments in the world. No such thing ever had been heard of as a perpetual embargo.

I have not a particular detail of all the ports to which fish are sent. I presume that a great proportion go to ports under the dominion of France; but this is a risk which the merchant and fisherman are willing to take; and it would be better that it should be still left under the guardianship of the individual, and not that society should protect that which belongs to the individual. This is the general answer; and from what I have said, as to the particular case, I hope the House will consider the subject: for the fish must either be destroyed or sent out of the country before the summer.
(DEBATE TO BE CONCLUDED.)
WASHINGTON CITY.
WEDNESDAY, MAY 11.
The Election in the state of New York for representatives in Congress and the state legislature has, in several of the counties heretofore republican, resulted in the return of the federal candidates; and the federal prints are sanguine in the expectation of having a majority of the new members of Congress and state representatives on their side. There are not, however, any certain data on which to make an accurate calculation; and until these reach us we shall refrain from going into detail. It is also said, on the same authority, that the new legislature, recently chosen in Rhode Island, is federal. But this likewise wants confirmation.
These results are altogether to be ascribed to the want of correct information, in truth to the flagrant misrepresentation spread through these districts; and we venture to predict that the triumph of federalism will be fugitive. It was to have been calculated upon as probable that many men, who felt their interests affected by the embargo, would express their feelings in this way; some from sordid, others from mistaken views. With regard to the former, their defection is rather a political acquisition. The latter will return to their old paths as soon as they shall have received that information which is in a state of rapid diffusion among the people. Had these elections been deferred for a few months, we have no doubt but that a far different result would have been experienced; as in that event the full disclosure made by the government of the situation of the country would have been viewed as an ample justification of its measures, and have operated as a decisive antidote to the poison which has been so industriously diffused.
At a General Court-Martial assembled on board the United States ship the Chesapeake, in the harbor of Norfolk and state of Virginia, on Monday the fourth day of January, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and eight, and continued by adjournment from day to day, until Monday the eighth day of February, in the same year.
PRESENT,
Capt. JOHN RODGERS, President.
Captains WM. BAINBRIDGE, HUGH G. CAMPBELL, STEPHEN DECATUR, Jr. and JOHN SHAW.
Masters Commandant. JOHN SMITH, and DAVID PORTER.
Lieuts. JOSEPH TABBELL, JACOB JONES, JAMES LAWRENCE, and CHARLES LUDLOW.
The Court pursuant to an order from the Honorable Robert Smith, Secretary of the Navy of the United States, to Captain John Rodgers directed, bearing date on the seventh day of December, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and seven, proceeded (as therein they are directed) to try James Barron, Esq., a captain in the Navy of the United States, upon the charges in the said warrant stated, and therein preferred against him: and having heard all the evidence, and the prisoner's defence, and very maturely and thoroughly considered the same, gave the following OPINION:
The first charge stated against captain James Barron in the warrant of the honorable Secretary of the Navy is in these words:
"For negligently performing the duty assigned him."
"SPECIFICATION."
1st. "In that he did not visit the frigate Chesapeake, during the period she remained in Hampton Roads, and before she proceeded to sea, as often as he was in duty bound to do."
2d. "In that when he did visit her,
he did not, as it was his bounden duty to do, examine particularly into her state and condition."
In deciding upon this charge, the court will make the following statements:
1st. It appears to the court, that captain James Barron did visit the frigate Chesapeake twice during the period she remained in Hampton Roads, and before she proceeded to sea, that is between the fourth and twenty-first days of June last. And as by the naval regulations, issued by the command of the President of the United States, the number of visits which the commander of a squadron is directed to pay to the ships of his squadron or division is left to his own discretion, the court is of opinion, that captain Barron was made the judge upon this subject himself—and seeing in the evidence, no reasons existing at that time, to question the proper exercise of his discretion in this respect, the court are of opinion that this first specification is not proved.
2d. It does not appear to the court, that when captain James Barron did visit the frigate Chesapeake, he examined particularly into her state and condition. But as it has been clearly established by the evidence, that captain Barron during this period was acting under the orders of the honorable the Secretary of the Navy, whereby he was appointed a commodore or commander of a squadron, that by other orders derived from the same source, a master and commander had been appointed to act as captain of this particular ship, under the said James Barron as commodore, and that this acting captain was then on board the ship, the court are of opinion, that it was not the bounden duty of commodore Barron to examine particularly into her state and condition, and therefore that this second specification is not proved.
The omission to visit the frigate Chesapeake during the period she remained in Hampton Roads and before she proceeded to sea, as often as he was in duty bound to do, and the omission when he did visit her, to examine particularly into her state and condition, being the only circumstances averred in the accusation as establishing this first charge, "for negligently performing the duty assigned him;" and the court being of opinion that he did visit the frigate Chesapeake as often as he was in duty bound to do, and that it was not his bounden duty to examine particularly into her state and condition, when he did visit her, must of course decide that captain James Barron is NOT GUILTY under this first charge, as limited and explained by these specifications.
The second charge against captain Barron stated in the warrant of the honorable Secretary of the Navy is in these words:
"For neglecting on the probability of an engagement to clear his ship for action."
"SPECIFICATION."
1st. "In that certain threats on the part of some commander of a British vessel of war, that he would take by force if he could not otherwise obtain them, certain men from on board the frigate Chesapeake, and that such threats were known to or heard by the said James Barron, and still he neglected to clear his ship for action."
2d. "In that there were various indications of a hostile disposition towards the frigate Chesapeake, exhibited by the British ship of war the Leopard, to wit, her putting to sea after certain signals had been seen and noticed by the said James Barron, when there was no other vessel in sight, or any other object to induce her to go to sea but the Chesapeake; the ports of the said ship Leopard were triced up, and her tompions were out a considerable time before she commenced firing upon the Chesapeake; and still, that notwithstanding these suspicious appearances, which were seen and observed by the said James Barron, he neglected to clear his ship for action."
3d. "In that by various manoeuvres which are set forth in the opinion of the Court of Enquiry hereto annexed, the British ship of war Leopard did manifest an intention to fire upon the said frigate Chesapeake, and still that the said James Barron neglected to clear his ship for action."
4th. "In that the said ship Leopard did approach the said frigate Chesapeake, under all the appearances of being prepared for action, and still the said James Barron neglected to clear his ship for action."
5th. "In that the said James Barron did receive from the commanding officer of the Leopard a communication clearly intimating that if certain men were not delivered up
to him, he should proceed to use force, and still the said James Barron neglected to clear his ship for action."
6th. "In that the said James Barron did verily believe from the communication he received from the commanding officer of the said ship Leopard, that the said ship would fire upon the said frigate Chesapeake, or take by force, if they could not be obtained by other means, any British Deserters that could be found on board the Chesapeake, and still the said James Barron neglected to clear his ship for action."
In deciding upon this charge the Court will make the following statements:
1st. It does not appear to the Court, that any threats were ever used on the part of any commander of a British vessel of war, that he would take by force, if he could not otherwise obtain them, certain men from on board the frigate Chesapeake, (except the threats which may be considered as contained in the documents hereafter referred to, and which constitute the subject of another specification.) Of course it does not appear that any other threats were known to or heard by captain James Barron. The Court must therefore decide that this first specification is not proved.
2d. It appears to the Court, that the British ship of war the Leopard did put to sea after certain signals had been seen and noticed by captain James Barron. Whether any other vessel was then in sight of her, or whether she then had any other object to induce her to go to sea but the Chesapeake, it is impossible from the nature of things that this Court can now decide, nor is it necessary that they should decide.
It appears to the Court also, that the ports of the said ship Leopard were triced up a considerable time before she commenced firing upon the Chesapeake. But when the Court adverts to the relations between Great Britain and the United States at that time, to the situation of the British squadron which had been lying in Chesapeake Bay for many months preceding this, and to the state of the wind and weather at this period, the Court cannot consider the putting to sea of one of that squadron, in consequence of signals made to her, or the triced up ports of a two decker, in warm weather and a smooth sea, as indications of a hostile disposition towards the frigate Chesapeake, whether any other vessel was in sight at that time or not.
What was the probable object of the Leopard in putting to sea, the history of that day enables the Court now to conjecture with some certainty. But at that time, and in her situation, there were such a variety of innocent objects equally probable to be then held in view by her, that this Court cannot impute to captain Barron any blame whatsoever for not divining her real intentions at that time.
It appears to the Court that the tompions of the Leopard were out some time before she commenced firing upon the Chesapeake, and this the Court considers as an indication of a hostile disposition. But as it appears to the Court also from the evidence upon this head, that so soon as captain Barron was informed of this fact, he ordered his men to quarters, the Court are of opinion that no part of this second specification is proved.
3d. This Court having heard all the testimony relative to the various manoeuvres of the Leopard after she put to sea, must form its opinion from the facts established by this testimony, and not from the opinion of the Court of Enquiry, on which they do not consider themselves bound in any manner to decide. Judging of these manoeuvres from these facts, the Court are of opinion, that there were no intentions to fire upon the frigate Chesapeake manifested by the British ship of war Leopard, at any time before an officer of the Leopard was sent on board the Chesapeake, & therefore that this third specification is not proved.
4th. It does not appear to the Court, that the said ship Leopard did approach the said frigate Chesapeake, under any of the appearances of being prepared for action, and therefore the Court are of opinion that this fourth specification is not proved.
5th. It appears to the Court, that captain James Barron did receive from the commanding officer of the Leopard, a communication clearly intimating, that if certain men were not delivered up to him, he should proceed to use force; and that the said James Barron yet neglected to clear his ship for action. The Court are therefore of opinion that this fifth specification is fully proved.
6th. It appears to the Court from part of the communications of captain James Barron to the honorable the Secretary of the Navy, and from the
evidence of witnesses with whom the said James Barron conversed upon this subject, that he did verily believe from the communication received from the commanding officer of the said ship Leopard, that he would take by force if they could not be obtained by other means, any British deserters that could be found on board the Chesapeake, and still that the said James Barron neglected to clear his ship for action—The Court are therefore of opinion that this sixth specification is fully proved.
Part of the facts specified in the accusation as establishing this second charge being thus fully proved, and the Court being of opinion that the facts so proved are sufficient of themselves to support this charge, decide that the said James Barron is guilty under this second charge "for neglecting on the probability of an engagement to clear his ship for action."
The third charge against captain James Barron, as stated in the warrant of the hon. the Secretary of the Navy is in these words:
"For failing to encourage in his own person his inferior officers and men to fight courageously."
"SPECIFICATION."
1st. "In that he did not on the first moment of an indication of suspicious appearance of a hostile intention on the part of the said ship Leopard, order his men to quarters."
2d. "In that he did not after he was satisfied that an attack upon his ship would be made, use prompt and officerlike measures to prepare his ship for battle."
3d. "In that when he did order his men to quarters, he did not order them as became an officer of the American navy."
4th. "In that he ordered that the drum should desist from beating, & that the men should be got to quarters secretly without beat of drum."
5th. "In that from the manner in which he ordered his men to quarters, he did not evince a determination bravely to defend his ship."
6th. "In that he was not at his station during the attack aforesaid, but remained a considerable part of the time at the gangway, as if imploring forbearance."
7th. "In that he drew his men or some of them from their guns, to lowering down a boat or boats to send on board of the attacking ship during her attack upon him."
8th. "In that he ordered his first lieutenant from his quarters during the attack, to carry a message on board of the Leopard, at that time firing upon him."
9th. "In that during the attack he used language in the presence of his men calculated to disparage them."
10th. "In that during the attack he ordered his men to keep down, that they would all be cut to pieces."
In deciding upon this charge the Court will make the following statements:
1st. It appears to the Court, that captain James Barron the first moment after he knew of an indication or suspicious appearance of a hostile intention on the part of the said ship Leopard, that is, after he knew her tompions were out, did order his men to quarters. The Court are therefore of opinion that this first specification is not proved—This specification is understood by the Court to apply exclusively to the appearances exhibited by the Leopard, and not to the letters and communications of her commander before stated, and which constitute the subject of another specification.
2d. It appears to the Court, that after James Barron was satisfied that an attack upon his ship would be made, that is, after he received the communication from the commander of the Leopard above stated, he did not immediately use any measures to prepare his ship for battle. The Court are therefore of opinion, that this second specification is fully proved.
3d. It appears to the Court, that when captain James Barron did order his men to quarters, he ordered them as became an officer of the American navy. The orders given upon this occasion are stated in the next specification, and although not such as are most frequently given, yet the situation of his ship at that time was not a common one, and in the orders themselves under the then existing circumstances, or in the manner of giving them, the Court sees nothing to disapprove or censure. The Court are therefore of opinion, that this third specification is not proved.
4th. It appears to the Court, that captain James Barron did order that his men should be got to quarters secretly, without beat of drum, that the drum did begin to beat notwithstanding this order, and that thereupon he ordered the drum should desist from beating. The Court are there-
fore of opinion that this fourth specification is fully proved.
5th. It does not appear to the court that from the manner in which captain James Barron ordered his men to quarters, he did not evince a determination bravely to defend his ship. The court are therefore of opinion that this fifth specification is not proved.
6th. The Court are not informed of any particular station assigned to a commander during an engagement. It is generally considered that the most proper place for him is on his upper deck, but he is at liberty to go and ought to go to any place where his presence will be of most importance. It appears to the Court, that captain James Barron never did leave his upper deck during the attack, and the Court are of opinion he should not have left it. It does appear to the Court that he remained a considerable part of the time during the attack at the gangway, not as if imploring forbearance, but for necessary and proper purposes. The Court are therefore of opinion that this sixth specification is not proved.
7th. It does not appear to the Court, that captain James Barron did draw any of his men from their guns to lowering down a boat or boats, to send on board the attacking ship, during her attack upon him. The Court are therefore of opinion, that this seventh specification is not proved. It does appear to the Court that captain James Barron did draw some of his men from other stations for this purpose, but in this the Court sees nothing to criminate captain Barron, even if it were admissible to do so under this specification.
8th. It does not appear to the Court, that captain James Barron ordered his first lieutenant from his quarters, during the attack, to carry a message on board of the Leopard, at that time firing upon him. The Court are therefore of opinion, that this eighth specification is not proved. As the decision of the Court upon this subject, when coupled with some parts of the evidence exhibited in this case, proving that Mr. Benjamin Smith, the first lieutenant was in a boat, may perhaps be calculated to throw some imputation upon the reputation of that young officer, who is now dead, the Court take this occasion to express their opinion, that he does not merit any such imputation.
9th. It does not appear to the Court, that captain James Barron did use any language in the presence of his men calculated to disparage them. The Court are therefore of opinion, that this ninth specification is not proved.
10th. It does not appear to the Court, by satisfactory evidence, that during the attack captain James Barron ordered his men to keep down, that they would all be cut to pieces. The Court are therefore of opinion, that this tenth and last specification is not proved. The court are satisfied that some such words were uttered, but are also satisfied that the words actually used were of very different import, and were uttered at a time when they could not have produced any improper effect upon the crew.
The only two specifications annexed to this charge which are proved, are not such as in the opinion of this court establish the proposition, that the accused "failed to encourage in his own person his inferior officers and men to fight courageously." His not using immediate measures to prepare his ship for battle after he was satisfied an attack upon her would be made, was certainly great neglect of duty, but this does not support any charge against the personal spirit of captain Barron. His ordering that his men should be got to quarters secretly, without beat of drum, and his ordering the drum to desist from beating when it began to beat contrary to his orders, so far from proving him deficient in courage, are considered by the court as strong evidences of his coolness and reflection at that moment. Indeed it would require very strong evidence to satisfy this court, that an officer who exposed himself at an open gangway, under a heavy and close fire, who being wounded still remained on his deck during the whole attack, giving his orders coolly and distinctly, and who neither by his words or actions discouraged his crew or any part of it, could be guilty of this charge. Such the court are satisfied was captain James Barron's conduct and situation, and however they may think of his activity or judgment, they feel themselves bound to declare that he is NOT GUILTY under this third charge, "for failing to encourage in his own person his inferior officers and men to fight courageously."
The fourth and last charge stated in the warrant of the honorable Se-

cretary of the Navy against captain James Barron in these words:
"For not doing his utmost to take or destroy the Leopard, which vessel it was his duty to encounter."
"SPECIFICATION 1st. In that the said ship Leopard did fire upon the said frigate Chesapeake, and the said James Barron did fail suitably to repel said attack."
"2d. In that the said frigate Chesapeake was by order of the said James Barron surrendered to the said ship Leopard, at a time when the injuries sustained either on the said ship or her crew did not make such a surrender then necessary."
"3d. In that the flag of the said frigate Chesapeake was by order of the said James Barron struck to the said ship Leopard, when the guns of the said frigate Chesapeake were loaded."
"4th. In that the flag of the said frigate Chesapeake was by order of the said James Barron struck to the said ship Leopard, at a time when the main-deck battery of the said frigate Chesapeake was in a situation which would have enabled the return of a broad-side in a very short time."
"5th. In that the flag of the said frigate Chesapeake was by order of the said James Barron struck to the said ship Leopard, without the said James Barron's having consulted any of his officers, as to whether the flag ought to be struck or not."
"6th. In that the flag of the said frigate Chesapeake was by order of the said James Barron struck to the said ship Leopard, before a single gun of any kind, was fired from the said frigate Chesapeake."
In deciding upon this charge the court will make the following statements:
1st. It appears to the court, that the said ship Leopard did fire upon the said frigate Chesapeake, and that her attack was not suitably repelled. The court are therefore of opinion that this first specification is fully proved.
2d. It appears to the court, that the flag of the said frigate Chesapeake was by order of the said James Barron struck to the said ship Leopard, at a time when the injuries sustained either on the said ship or her crew did not make such a surrender then necessary. The court are therefore of opinion that this second specification is fully proved.
3d. It appears to the court, that the flag of the said frigate Chesapeake was by order of the said James Barron struck to the said ship Leopard, when the guns of the said frigate Chesapeake were all loaded. The court are therefore of opinion that this third specification is fully proved.
4th. It does not appear to the court, that the main deck battery of the said frigate Chesapeake was in a situation which would have enabled the return of a broadside in a very short time after her flag was struck by order of the said James Barron to the said ship Leopard. The court are therefore of opinion that this fourth specification is not proved.
5th. It appears to the court, that the flag of the said frigate Chesapeake was by order of the said James Barron struck to the said ship Leopard, without the said James Barron's having consulted any of his officers, as to whether the flag ought to be struck or not. The court are therefore of opinion that this fifth specification is fully proved.
6th. It appears to the court, that the flag of the said frigate Chesapeake was by order of the said James Barron struck to the said ship Leopard, before a single gun of any kind was fired from the said frigate Chesapeake. The court are therefore of opinion that this sixth and last specification is fully proved.
Although all the specifications annexed to this charge (one only excepted) are fully proved, yet the court are of opinion that those which are proved do not support the charge to which they are annexed. The attack of the Leopard was not suitably repelled by the Chesapeake, because it appears to the court that circumstanced as the two ships then were, boarding the Leopard would have been impracticable, and of course no other means of repelling her attack remained but in the use of the Chesapeake's guns. That all these guns were loaded, and not one of them was fired before the flag of the Chesapeake was struck is most certain. But yet it appears to the court, that captain Barron and the officers commanding divisions did everything which they could do to get them free, and that the colors were not struck until all reasonable hope of succeeding in properly repelling the attack in this way was lost. The injuries sustained either in the Chesapeake or her crew, did not at that time make her surren-
der necessary. Captain Barron might have waited until she had received many more and greater injuries, and had lost the lives and services of many more of her crew, before he could have been compelled by these causes to have struck his flag. But during this interval of certain injury, he could have had no reasonable hope, even after he had sustained it, of doing anything to the annoyance of his adversary. And in such a situation he stands justified in the opinion of the court in striking his flag. The striking his flag without consulting his officers, is a circumstance which this court considers of no consequence. It is not the duty of a commander under any circumstances, and in the situation in which captain Barron then was it would have been highly improper, to consult his inferior officers as to the propriety of hauling down his colors. It is the opinion of the court therefore, that captain James Barron is NOT GUILTY under this fourth and last charge, "for not doing his utmost to take or destroy the Leopard, which vessel it was his duty to encounter," as this charge is explained and limited by the specifications annexed to it.
In giving these opinions it will be perceived, that the court have felt themselves bound to consider the several charges preferred as explained and limited by the specifications annexed to them respectively. The opinion of the court therefore upon those charges of which they have acquitted the accused, is to be considered in no other way, than that he is not guilty under these charges as so explained and limited—No transposition of the specifications, or any other modification of the charges themselves, would alter the opinion of the court as to the firmness and courage of the accused. The evidence upon this head is clear and satisfactory.
The court having agreed in the preceding opinions that captain James Barron although not guilty of three of the charges preferred against him, is nevertheless guilty under that wherein he is accused "for neglecting on the probability of an engagement to clear his ship for action," do further agree, that the said capt. James Barron, being guilty of this charge, falls under part of the fourth article of the rules and regulations for the government of the navy of the United States, adopted by an act of the Congress of the United States, passed on the twenty-third day of April, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred, and entitled "An act for the better government of the Navy of the United States," and they do adjudge and SENTENCE the said captain James Barron to be SUSPENDED from all command in the Navy of the United States, and this without pay or official emoluments, of any kind, for the period and term of FIVE YEARS from this eighth day of February, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and eight.
JOHN RODGERS, WM. BAINBRIDGE, HUGH G. CAMPBELL, STEPHEN DECATUR, JR., JOHN SHAW, JOHN SMITH, D. PORTER, JOS. TARBELL, J. JONES, JAS. LAWRENCE, CHAS. LUDLOW. LITTN. W. TAZEWELL, Judge Advocate.
The above sentence has been confirmed by the President of the U. States.
We understand that the proceedings in the other cases submitted to the court martial at Norfolk have not been yet received.
No. 2. TO THE PEOPLE OF THE UNITED STATES.
Before I proceed to an investigation of the interesting topics, which will form the subject of this address, it is proper to pay some attention to a point which has not been sufficiently noticed; but which is all important to the formation of a correct judgment on the measures adopted by the government. Because we are not embroiled in the horrors of actual war, there are many among us who infer the existence of some radical error in those measures from the obstructions of the ordinary occupations of life and the consequent injuries to individual interest. They make no allowance for a state of things, forced upon us, and which leaves us only a choice of evils. Their jaundiced minds, instead of viewing these evils in their real causes, the injustice and hostility of foreign nations, ascribe them to the means pursued, for removing the causes, either by a removal of the inducements to commit them, or by the punishment of their authors. These men are insensible to the storm that rages around them, and blind to the general wreck of the surrounding
world. Because for seven years past this country has enjoyed unrivalled prosperity, they cannot, or will not realise the change produced by the alteration of its foreign relations; by the dreadful contest which is maintained between the two rival nations of Europe, who, after having attacked each other in all their vulnerable points, have finally determined, as far as they have the power, to make their own cause that of all nations. One belligerent nation, in the furtherance of these views, has virtually denied to neutrals all intercourse with the other; or, in other words, has destroyed the very existence of neutral commerce. The naked truth is that not a neutral ship floats on the ocean but at the will of these powers. So far as that will goes, and as it respects England it is almost omnipotent, our commerce is annihilated; the same, as though it never existed. By imposing conditions upon that portion of it which her power is able to protect, which no government that represents an independent nation will dare to sanction, she has in truth done the same thing, as though she had passed an edict, prohibiting, in express terms, the United States from carrying it on; as though she had said, in so many words, "the United States are hereby prohibited from authorising any vessel belonging to her citizens to navigate the ocean, on pain of capture and condemnation."
Such an undisguised assertion of tyranny would have roused a feeling of universal resentment. No man on American ground would have dared to have been its apologist, or to have thrown obloquy on the government that resisted it. And yet the existing case differs in no respect, except in the terms in which the mandate is couched. The only difference is, that instead of being expressed in such frank, intelligible, honest language; if it be not absurd to ascribe honorable motives to such a detestable exercise of selfish tyranny; the same principle is asserted, and the same evil inflicted in circuitous, insidious and jesuitical terms. Thus it is, that in private life the dagger of the assassin is often wielded under the cover of the night by the hand that has not spirit to hazard the open encounter of day light.
The greater the prosperity enjoyed by a nation, the more sensibly will she feel the blow that suspends it. Such is the universal influence of good fortune, that its possessor seldom realises its fugitive nature, or calculates upon its interruption or loss. He forms his plans under the flattering assurance of a continuance of the same, and often of a brighter sunshine. In a country where every thing is progressive, where the population increases with unprecedented rapidity, and where wealth, in peaceable times, increases still faster, where too the field of enterprise and the sources of opulence are unbounded, it is not surprising that every man lays in his mind the foundation of a wide spread prosperity, that is to render not only himself but his children independent and happy. Such has been, most illustriously, the situation of the United States for the last seven years. The casual clouds that have for a moment darkened the scene have been invariably dissipated by the wisdom, the moderation and the vigilance of a government, exclusively seeking its reward in the happiness of the people.
But, all at once, the scene is overcast; the tempest at length reaches us; and we are compelled to seek a shelter from its fury. Not able to cope with the authors of the menaced evils, and sure either to lose our trade by its exposure on the ocean, or to forfeit our political independence by acquiescence, our government has adopted the only measure calculated to maintain the last unimpaired, and to preserve the first from a total wreck; a measure which, for a time, will have the inevitable effect of producing considerable temporary inconvenience; infinitely less, however, than would have flowed either from war or total commercial ruin.
This measure, in the eye of reason and of common sense, is as much to be ascribed to the belligerent powers, as though they had decreed it. By doing that themselves, which left to us no other alternative, they virtually became its authors. If then its pressure is felt; if it has interrupted the prosperity of individuals; if it has dashed their schemes of future enjoyment; if it has produced a state of suspense, of all states the most painful; let our resentment light on those whose injustice has rendered a resort to it inevitable. Let it not be made the instrument of division among ourselves; the engine of personal piques, of political resentments, of liberal invectives. Let us not, at the moment, when external danger calls upon us for union, exhibit the spectacle of distraction; and embolden
our enemies to cherish the hope, that when all our strength is required to protect our invaded rights, we shall fall a prey not so much to their power as to our own divisions. Let us recollect the derision with which the governments of Europe have uniformly treated republican institutions. Let us recollect that they have ridiculed them as fine spun theories that will not bear a practical application; as the visions of philosophy that will burst at the approach of danger. Let us recollect that they have denied them all energy; and that they have tauntingly told us that while the enemy was at our gates, we should continue quarrelling among ourselves, instead of making an united resistance. Let us recollect these things, and say, whether we are not encouraging these sentiments and the unjust pretensions of our enemies, by bickering among ourselves, by indulging party rancour, by doing all in our power to excite rather than repress our internal divisions.
Let us recollect that the measure, whose efficacy is now put to the test, has been heretofore considered as among the great engines of our power; and that, accordingly as it shall now operate (and its operation must depend altogether on the rigor with which it is enforced) it will hereafter be viewed by the foreign world with dismay or derision.
AN AMERICAN WHIG.
New York, May 6. The captain of the French privateer schooner La Confiance informs us that Guadalupe is blockaded by a British squadron, and has about six month's provisions. Point Petre has a garrison of about 4,000 men, and has been put into a complete state of defence.
The Confiance carries six 6 pounders, one 18, and 47 men; and is the same privateer that captured the British packet Duke of Montrose.
We understand that the United States sloop of war Wasp, is taking on board stores and troops, and will sail in a few days for Passamaquoddy, to prevent the evasions of the embargo law at that place.
Evening Post.
Philadelphia, May 6. The schooner Rover arrived at New York late on Wednesday night from St. Croix, and brings the distressing intelligence that a great part of the town (not known whether Basse or West End) had been laid in ashes, and one hundred and fifty persons perished in the flames!
Baltimore, May 9.
LATEST FROM HOLLAND. On Saturday evening arrived at this port the fast sailing brig Susanna, Samuel Franklin, master, in 45 days from Amsterdam, which port he left on the 25th March, by permission of the Dutch government. In her came passenger Mr. Rittenhouse, the bearer of dispatches from General Armstrong, our minister at Paris; he set off yesterday morning for the seat of government. Captain F. informs, that no vessels had arrived at Amsterdam since the sailing of the Eliza, Huffington, except a brig belonging to Boston, which was captured and brought in by an Amsterdam privateer. The ship Lexington, Gardner, was to sail in 14 days, by permission of that government, with the crews of the American vessels, and other American distressed seamen in that port.
THIS IS TO GIVE NOTICE, THAT the subscribers of Washington City have obtained from the Orphan's Court of Washington county in the district of Columbia, letters testamentary on the personal estate of GEORGE MITCHELL late of said city, deceased. All persons having claims against the said estate are hereby warned to exhibit the same to the subscribers on or before the 1st day of December next, or they may otherwise by law be excluded from all benefit of said estate. Given under our hands this 9th day of May in the year 1808.
JOHN MCGOWAN, MICH. NOURSE. May 11—6t
AUCTION. AT MYER'S HOTEL. I will sell for cash, on Friday and Saturday next, at 2 o'clock P. M. on each day, a large quantity of every description of house, kitchen, and bar furniture—a good saddle horse and a cart horse, a milch cow, carriage, harness, and other stage and stable utensils.
Persons wishing to purchase to a large amount, and on a liberal credit, will please to call and make the arrangement previous to the vendue.
FURTHER NOTICE. All persons who have just demands against me, are requested to call for settlement, and receive payment. Those who remain in my debt will please to remit speedily, or they will be waited on by the proper officers.
SOLOMON MYER. May 11.—2t
WASHINGTON COMMERCIAL COMPANY.
THE Commissioners of the "Washington Commercial Company," request a meeting of the STOCKHOLDERS at Stelle's Hotel, on Monday the 16th inst. for the purpose of electing TWELVE DIRECTORS, agreeably to the constitution, to be kept open from 12 till 6 o'clock, P. M.
May 6—3t
THE COMMISSIONERS appointed under an act of Congress "for the establishment of a Turnpike Company in the county of Alexandria, in the district of Columbia," to receive subscriptions for the capital stock thereof, do hereby give NOTICE, the Books will be open for that purpose, at Gadsby's Hotel, in the town of Alexandria, on Saturday 14th inst. at the hour of 10 o'clock, A. M. The law authorises a subscription for 20,000 Dollars, in shares of Fifty Dollars, each, and the sum of Ten Dollars, must be paid on each share at the time of subscribing.
JONAH THOMPSON, THOMAS SWANN, CHARLES ALEXANDER, EDMUND I. LEE, JACOB HOFFMAN, CUTHBERT POWELL, JOHN MANDEVILLE.
In case the subscription should exceed the number of shares authorised by law, the largest subscriptions will be first reduced, until the excess shall be taken off, or each subscriber be reduced to one share, if the number of subscribers should be greater than the number of shares to be taken, the further reduction shall be made by lot.
Form of Power of Attorney from those who may subscribe by Proxy.
I empower _____ to subscribe for me in my name, for _____ shares of Stock in the "Washington and Alexandria Turnpike Company," under the act for the establishment thereof; as witness my hand this _____ day of May 1808.
WITNESS.
May 11—2t
LUKE KENT Clock and Watch Maker from Philadelphia.
BEGS leave to inform his friends and the public, that he has taken the shop occupied by the late Mr. Suter in F street, Washington, near the Treasury, where he carries on the above business in all its branches. Any orders in his line will be thankfully received and duly attended to. Tea spoons, table spoons, gold ear rings, finger rings, and every other article in the line made to order in the best manner and shortest notice.
May 11—6t
JAMES A. PORTER, ATTORNEY at Law, hath just settled in the city of Washington, and opened his Office in the house of THOMAS HENRY Esq. opposite Mr. Rhodes's tavern, Pennsylvania avenue; where he can be consulted, and employed, in the line of his profession, at almost any time, and will use every necessary attention and exertion to merit public confidence.
May 11—w2m
THIS IS TO GIVE NOTICE, THAT the subscriber, of Montgomery county, hath obtained from the Orphan's Court of the county aforesaid, letters of administration on the personal estate of Stephen Adams, late of said county, deceased. All persons having claims against the said deceased are hereby warned to exhibit the same, with the vouchers thereof, to the subscriber, at or before the first day of November next, they may otherwise by law be excluded from all benefit of the said Estate. Given under my hand this 29th day of April, 1808.
HENNARITTA ADAMS, Exec. wgt of Stephen Adams, dec'd. May 2—
St. Mary's county court, March term, 1808.
ON application of Benjamin Tabbs of St. Mary's county to the judges of the said county court, by petition in writing, praying the benefit of the act for the relief of sundry insolvent debtors, on the terms mentioned in said act, a schedule of his property and a list of his creditors on oath as far as he can ascertain them being annexed to his said petition, and the said county court being satisfied by competent testimony that the said Benjamin Tabbs has resided the two preceding years prior to the passage of the said act, within the state of Maryland. It is thereupon adjudged and ordered by the said court that the said Benjamin Tabbs give notice to his creditors of his intention to apply to the next county court to be held at Leonard Town in said county on the first Monday of August next, for a discharge from his debts, and to warn his said creditors to appear before the said judges on the day and at the place aforesaid to shew cause if any they have why the said Benjamin Tabbs should not be discharged agreeably to his said petition, by causing a copy of this order to be inserted in the National Intelligencer, weekly for three months successively.
By order, JOSEPH HARRIS, Clerk. May 2—w3m
FREEMASON'S TAVERN, &c. THE Subscriber having recently received a supply of European Garden Seeds, &c. which added to the various sorts saved by him the last summer, makes his assortment extensive and which are for sale at his Nursery Garden, Eastern Branch and at Dr. Ott's Medicine Store, Georgetown.
THEO. HOLT Washington city, Jan. 11—tay

RUNAWAYS. WAS Committed to my custody as Runaways, a negro man and woman, who call themselves by the names of Thomas W. Ashton, and Betty Ashton; they say that they obtained their freedom, in Westmoreland county Virginia, at June term 1803. Tom is about 50 years of age, about 5 feet 9 inches high; Betty is of a common size, and appears to be about 45 years of age; their clothing is very indifferent; they are in possession of something like certificates of their freedom, signed by Joseph Fox, clerk of Westmoreland county. The owner or owners of them are desired to take them away, or they will be sold for their expenses agreeably to law. JOHN FLEMING, Sheriff of Montgomery county, Md. May 6-7t
HOTEL SPRING GARDEN. IGNORE JULIEN respectfully informs the Public, that he has taken the House adjoining the Spring in F street near the Chapel, and intends opening it for their accommodation on the 8th inst. He purposes to keep a constant supply of choicest LIQUORS and CORLIERS, &c. &c. Also ICE CREAMS, CAKES, &c. He hopes by attention to his customers to gain their approbation and encouragement. May 6-3t
TO LET. A DWELLING HOUSE Fronting North F Street, situate between Josiah W. King's, esq. and the subscriber's, an agreeable situation for a private family. Possession may be had in a few days. Enquire of JAMES HOBAN. May 4-3t
NOTICE. PURSUANT to an act of the General Assembly of Maryland, passed at November session, 1806, entitled "An act authorizing the collection of certain ground rents due on lots in the Town of Cumberland, in Allegany county," and a supplement thereto, passed at November session, 1807, Public Notice is hereby given to all persons holding unimproved lots in said town, on which ground rents are now due, that unless the said rents are paid on or before the first day of December next, the said lots will on that day be offered at public sale to the highest bidder, on a credit of 60 days. The sale to be held at Mr. J. Rine's tavern in said town, to commence at ten o'clock, A. M. and continue from day to day, until the whole are sold. THOMAS BEALL, of Saml. March 21-eptds
HAVING sustained great injury by the passage of persons through my inclosures, I must give notice that I will prosecute in the law directs, all persons trespassing in that way in future, or hunting within said inclosures with dog or gun. GEO. CALVERT. May 9, 1808. 3t
TAKE NOTICE. STRAYED from the commons of the City of Washington, a light GREY HORSE. He is in very good order, and has lately been trimmed about his feet. Whoever will return him to the subscriber shall receive a handsome compensation for their trouble. CHARLES H. VARDEN, Capitol Hill, Washington City. May 8 3t
NOTICE. THE President and Directors of the Washington Bridge Company will receive sealed proposals at Steele's Hotel on Friday the 13th inst. for the delivery of the whole or any part of the following Bill of SCANTLING: Feet long. Inch. Inch. 140 Piles 36 11 by 14 140 40 11 14 280 18 11 11 200 40 11 14 60 38 12 12 15 Caps 27 13 13 190 37 13 13 190 Med Sills 37 10 12 380 Braces 25 7 9 330 20 9 9 200 Stringers 52 9 16 1540 27 8 16 17,000 Superficial feet of four inch Plank, white pine, or the heart of yellow pine, each plank 18 feet long. The above materials, except the plank, must be of the best heart, hard, yellow pine, or of the best white oak, free of sap. The proposals to estimate by the cubic foot. Written Proposals will be received at the same time for the Iron work, for Carpenters and Laborers. Proposals may be handed in before the day above mentioned to the President. DANIEL CARROLL, of D. Pres. N. B. All the above timber to be squared and delivered immediately. May 4-ept13th
CHARLES H. VARDEN MERCHANT TAYLOR, RESPECTFULLY informs the gentlemen of the district of Columbia and public in general, that he has just received by a late arrival from Philadelphia, A CHOICE ASSORTMENT Of superfine Cloths, Cassimeres, single and double milled, superfine Coatings, black silk Florentines. Likewise an elegant assortment of Spangleats and rich silk Mol-skias for waistcoats with a variety of other articles suitable for the season. Regimentals and Navy Uniforms made in the most elegant and uniform style of fashion. Richard Horwell's celebrated patent parrot SUSPENDERS far superior to any hitherto in use can be had on the same terms retail, as at his manufactory. November 27-tf
NOTICE. THE Subscriber being anxious to settle all his business, has sold his entire stock of goods to John Peter; he therefore requests all those indebted to him to call and pay their accounts, (particularly such as are of long standing, as further indulgence cannot be given them). His Books are removed to the counting house of Baker, Riggs, and Co. where all his accounts will be ready for settlement by his assistant Mr. Samuel C. Offutt, or ELISHA RIGGS. George Town, March 16-tf
BURNS AND BELL. WOOLLEN drapers, men's mercers, and tailors, New-Jersey Avenue, opposite the Secretary of the Navy's, respectfully inform the public that they have commenced business in the above line, where they will endeavor to give satisfaction-they have on hand a fresh supply of the most fashionable goods, suitable for the approaching season, all fresh and of the very best quality. N. B. Regimentals and naval uniforms made in the most elegant and fashionable style with neatness and dispatch. October 23-tf
TO RENT. AND possession given the 13th June next, that house on Pennsylvania Avenue, the property of the Washington Building Company, at present occupied by Mr. Solomon Myers-it being so well known, it is not deemed necessary to give a peculiar description of it, suffice it to say, it is calculated for an extensive tavern and boarding house-for terms, apply to Mr. THOMAS HERTY. See to said Company. April 29-tf
LUNIS CRAVEN HAS removed his entire stock of DRY GOODS from Alexandria to Washington, and is now opening, at his new Store, between the Marine Garrison and Navy Yard Gate, an assortment equal to any in the District; among which are, Wood's best London cloths, Do. double milled & plain cassimeres, Bennett's cords and velvets, Constitution Gerrow, hunting, Trafalgar, and silver cords, Velvets, Imperial, Brunswick waistcoating, Silk moleskins do. Toilnets, swansdown do. Plain and figured Marseilles do. Bearskin coatings, Plains, kerseys, halfthicks, Rose and dull blankets, flannels, Superfine green cloth table covers, Calicoes, colored cambrics, Gingham, silk and cotton chambrays, Furniture Chintz, Cambric and jaconet muslins, India and British book do. India mull-mull figured and plain, Plain and figured lenoes, Laced cambrics, Elegant tamboured mills, Grecian robes and Pelisse dresses, 8-4 damask and raw silk shawls, Damask scarfs, Camel's hair and swansdown do. Down scarfs, Long and short lace sleeves, spider & nett sleeves, Extra long and habit kid gloves, Do. do. silk do. Do. do. raw silk do. Cross-barred and plain Mantuas and lutestrings, Persians and Medes, Thread and cotton laces, Lace caps and handkerchiefs, Book muslin and leno cap patterns, 4-4 7-8 Irish linens, Long lawns, linen cambrics, Irish diapers, table-cloths, napkins, Cotton counterpanes, Cambric Dimities, Common do. Furniture do. Ladies and gentlemen's silk, thread, cotton, worsted, lamb's wool & Angola hose, Gentlemen's pantaloons do. Silk cords and buttons, Ribbons, floss threads, Scarlet and other colored bombazets, Hearth rugs, Russia sheeting, tickling, &c. Osnaburgs, baftas, gurrahs, &c. &c. ALSO, Imperial and young hyson tea of a superior quality in small boxes, to suit families, or by the pound-Also genuine Havana segars. T. C. is determined to sell on the lowest terms. February 8-tf
WANTED. I AM desirous of Renting the WHARF and WARE-HOUSE, lately occupied by Mr. Griffith Coombe. The wharf is advantageously situated for the reception and sale of Lumber, and the Warehouse well calculated for storage of flour, or any kind of country produce, as well as West India produce. The terms will be reasonable and immediate possession given. Vessels drawing 13 feet water can come to the wharf. ROBERT BRENT. April 18-3w
VENDUE. Will be sold at public vendue, on Thursday the 12th of May next, at the dwelling house of the late John Beckley, Esq. all the personal property of the deceased, consisting of BEDS, Bedsteads and Furniture, Window Curtains, Tables, Chairs, Sideboard, &c. The sale to commence at 12 o'clock, and will be continued until the whole is sold. For all sums under 20 dollars cash will be required, and for all above that sum a credit will be given of 90 days-the purchasers giving bonds or notes with satisfactory security. MARIA BECKLEY, } Extras. MARY PRINCE, } April 27-ept12M.
ROSS AND GETTY, HAVE for sale at their store George Town, the following articles just received from Philadelphia, by the schooner Carolina, capt. HAND, jun. viz. 30 kegs butter, 20 barrels, New Town, Pippin Apples, 10 do. buck wheat flour, 10 do. Cranberries, and 10 do. shell bark hickory nuts. Also a small assignment of very elegant Looking Glasses, Waiters, Trays, polished steel Shovel and Tongs, with cu and brass heads, &c. &c. January 9-tf
40 DOLLARS REWARD. FOR apprehending and bringing home, or the one half for securing in jail so that we get them again, OLIVER & DAVID who runaway from the subscribers living in Madison county, Virginia, on the 17th of Feb. last, Oliver, a middling stout made fellow, near 6 feet high, about 46 years old, some few grey hairs to be seen about his temples, a little yellow complexioned. David, a large stout made fellow, about 6 feet high, 26 years old, thick lips and full face, and has a brand with the letter G on his right cheek, it looks dim, hardly discoverable without close inspection; dark complexioned. Said negroes runaway last summer, and was apprehended. One was committed to Fairfax jail, and the other was committed to Dumfries jail, and do expect they have gone that way again, aiming for Maryland, and may have provided themselves with a pass and attempt to pass as free people. We do hereby forewarn all masters of vessels and others from taking on board the vessels the said negroes or secreting them any other way under the strictest penalties of the law. THOS. GRAVES, Jun. THEOPHILUS EDDINS. April 25-4w
LINDSAY'S HOTEL. THE Subscriber has taken that well calculated house on the Capitol Hill, late occupied by Mr. Frost formerly by Mr. Stelle-Where he intends to open a Tavern on the 24th October. Those gentlemen who may favor him with their Custom may rely on every attention in the Power of the Public's devoted Servant. GEO. W. LINDSAY. N. B.-EIGHT or TEN BOARDERS may be conveniently accommodated. October 19-tf
PORT WINE. Of very good quality in casks, each one inclosed in a dry case for security against any adulteration, with a small parcel of other excellent Wines in casks and in bottles; among which are Red & White Claret, Dry Lisbon, and very old Brazil Madeira Wine, just received and for sale, by JOHN GOULDING Who has on hand as usual an assortment of choice LIQUORS of most kinds used here. Georgetown, March 25-tf
TO BE LET. After the 20th June next, THAT elegant, well built two story BRICK HOUSE, lately the property of Mr. Wm. Woodward, on Pennsylvania Avenue. The stand is well known. Solomon Myers's lease for three years, at the rate of 250 dollars per annum, will expire on that day.-For terms enquire at Robert Underwood's, directly opposite. April 27-eptf
ONE HUNDRED DOLLARS REWARD. RAN away from the subscriber, in Westmoreland county, near Kinsale, Virga, Henry, a black man, in the year of 1805; was formerly the property of James A. Thompson, deceased. The said Henry formerly waited on Jo. Thompson, James A. Thompson, Chas. Thompson & William S. Thompson, in Alexandria, when the said Thompson was merchant in Alexandria. This said Henry is very well acquainted in all parts, as he did formerly wait on the Messrs. Thompsons in all parts, especially in Alexandria and Georgetown, where he has some relations, and also Washington city, Baltimore, and Philadelphia. This said Henry was born and raised in St. Mary's county, near Leonardtown, in Maryland, where he has some relations, as I believe, as Mr. Richard Jackson informs me, whom I bought the said Negro from, and also Mr. Charles Thompson informs me. Henry is I believe 40 or 45 years old, as near as I can guess, is 5 feet high, has very small legs, as far as I can recollect Henry was brought up a house servant, is an excellent gardener, and a good hostler. Henry when quick spoke to stammers in his speech. Henry I expect has altered his name, and has procured some free papers by some means or other, and passes for one of Carter's free negroes, or some other free negro, as he is a very artful fellow. Any person who will deliver him to me at Kinsale, in Westmoreland county, Virginia, or secure him in any jail in the United States, so that I get him again, shall receive the above reward by me. RICHARD STRAUGHAN. May 4-4t
TO PAPERMAKERS. WANTED To go to North-Carolina in May, a Papermaker, who is a good workman, and is sober and industrious. To such a person good wages will be given. Apply to the Editor of this paper. April 29.
FRESH FIGS. THE Subscriber has just received on consignment, 20 Boxes fresh FIGS which he will dispose of on reasonable terms, wholesale or retail. JOHN OTT, Druggist. George Town, May 6-4t
A GREAT BARGAIN. JOSEPH WHEATON Broker and Commission Merchant, has put into his hands for sale, at his office in F street near the Bank, a valuable property in the city of Washington, consisting of 646,453 square feet of city LOTS advantageously situated on the most prominent and valuable streets, and near the Navy Yard and Bridge, and to be had on the most reasonable terms of payment. This great bargain is recommended to gentlemen desirous of securing an early fortune, in this truly growing and flourishing city; the permanent residence and seat of the government of the United States. Other city property to be had-Houses and Lots-Enquire as above. All kinds of Stocks bought and sold. Wanted to Purchase a few MILITARY LAND WARRANTS. Washington city, Dec. 11-tf
This is to give Notice- THAT the subscriber of St. Mary's hath obtained from the Orphan's Court of Saint Mary's county in Maryland, Letters Testamentary on the personal estate of Wilfred Neale, late of Saint Mary's county, deceased. All persons having claims against the said deceased, are hereby warned to exhibit the same with the vouchers thereof to the subscriber at or before the 25th day of September next, they may otherwise by law be excluded from all benefit of the said estate. Given under my hand this 20th day of March 1808. HENRY NEALE, Ex'r. March 25-6w
BAKER, RIGGS & Co. At E. Riggs' old stand, (sign of the Plough) a few doors above the Union Tavern, Have just received a large supply of SPRING GOODS; Among them are fancy muslins, undressed chintzes, ginghams, linen cambrics, cambric handkerchiefs, long lawns, fancy printed robes, long shawls, Leno veils, Italian silks, spring bonnets, gloves, flowers, hosiery, ribbons, ladies' and gentlemen's umbrellas, India crapes, white jeans, fancy Mar-seilles, tablecloths, Irish linens, superfine cloths, 4-4 and 3-4 Russia diapers, and many other fancy and substantial articles; all of which have been selected at the best markets, (principally for cash) enables them to sell very low. Geo. Town, April 25-M&F&W
NOTICE is hereby given that the Subscribers have obtained from the Orphan's Court of Prince Georges county, letters of administration on the personal estate of William Bowie late of said county deceased; all those who have claims against said estate are hereby warned to exhibit the same to the subscribers with the vouchers thereof on or before the first day of October next, otherwise they may be excluded from all benefit of said estate-all those indebted to the above estate are requested to come forward and make immediate payment. Given under our hands and seals the 22nd day of April 1808. JOHN B. BOWIE, WM. M. BOWIE. May 4-3t
War Department, April 13, 1808. NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN: THAT separate proposals will be received at the Office of the Secretary for the Department of war, until 12 o'clock, at noon of Monday the 20th of June next, for the supply of all rations that may be required for the use of the United States, from the 1st day of October 1808 inclusive, to the 1st day of June 1810, within the states, territories and districts following, viz.
1st. At Niagara, Detroit, Michilimackinac, Fort Wayne, Chicago and in their immediate vicinities, and at any place or places, where troops are or may be stationed, marched, or recruited, within the Territory of Michigan. 2nd. At any place or places where troops are or may be stationed, marched, or recruited, within the states of Kentucky and Tennessee. 3d. At any place or places where troops are or may be stationed, marched, or recruited within the state of Ohio and the Indiana and Louisiana territories, except Fort Wayne and Chicago and their immediate vicinities. 4th. At any place or places where troops are or may be stationed, marched, or recruited within the Mississippi and Orleans territories. 5th. At any place or places where troops are or may be stationed, marched, or recruited within the district of Maine, and state of New Hampshire. 6th. At any place or places where troops are or may be stationed, marched, or recruited, within the state of Vermont. 7th. At any place or places where troops are or may be stationed, marched, or recruited within the state of Massachusetts, the town of Springfield excepted. 8th. At any place or places where troops are or may be stationed, marched, or recruited within the states of Connecticut and Rhode Island. 9th. At any place or places where troops are or may be stationed, marched, or recruited within the state of New York, Niagara and its dependencies excepted. 10th. At any place or places where troops are or may be stationed, marched, or recruited within the state of New Jersey. 11th. At any place or places where troops are or may be stationed, marched, or recruited within the state of Pennsylvania.
12th. At any place or places where troops are or may be stationed, marched, or recruited within the states of Maryland and Delaware.
13th. At any place or places where troops are or may be stationed, marched, or recruited within the state of Virginia.
14th. At any place or places where troops are or may be stationed, marched, or recruited within the state of North Carolina.
15th. At any place or places where troops are or may be stationed, marched, or recruited within the state of South Carolina.
16th. At Ocmulgee Old Fields, and at any place or places where troops are or may be stationed, marched, or recruited within the limits of the state of Georgia.
17th. Proposals will also be received as aforesaid, for the supply of all rations which may be required by the United States, for the troops which are or may be stationed, marched, or recruited within the town of Springfield in the state of Massachusetts; and for the armorers and other persons employed in the United States' Armory at that place, from the 1st day of January 1809 inclusive, to the 1st day of June 1810.
A ration to consist of one pound and one quarter of beef, or three quarters of a pound of pork, eighteen ounces of bread or flour, one gill of rum, whiskey or brandy, and at the rate of two quarts of salt, four quarts of vinegar, four pounds of soap, and one pound and a half of candles, to every hundred rations. The prices of the several component parts of the ration shall be specified; but the U. States reserve the right of making such alterations in the price of the component parts of the ration aforesaid, as shall make the price of each part thereof bear a just proportion to the proposed price of the whole ration. The rations are to be furnished in such quantities, that there shall at all times, during the term of the proposed contract, be sufficient for the consumption of the troops at Michilimackinac, Detroit and Chicago, for six months in advance; and at each of the other posts on the western waters, for at least three months in advance, of good and wholesome provisions, if the same shall be required. It is also to be permitted to all and every of the commanders of fortified places or posts, to call for, at seasons when the same can be transported, or at any time in case of urgency, such supplies of like provisions in advance, as in the discretion of the commandant shall be deemed proper.
It is understood that the contractor is to be at the expense and risk of issuing the supplies to the troops, and that all losses sustained by the depredations of an enemy, or by means of the troops of the U. S. shall be paid by the U. S. at the price of the articles captured or destroyed as aforesaid, on the deposition of two or more persons of creditable characters, and the certificate of a commissioned officer, stating the circumstances of the loss, and the amount of the articles for which compensation shall be claimed.
The privilege is understood to be reserved to the U. S. of requiring that none of the supplies, which may be furnished under any of the proposed contracts, shall be issued, until the supplies which have been or may be furnished under contracts now in force, have been consumed; and that a supply in advance may be always required at any of the fixed posts on the sea board, or Indian frontier, not exceeding three months.
H. DEARBORN, Secretary of War. April 15-taw3w
THIS IS TO GIVE NOTICE, That the subscriber of St. Mary's county, hath obtained from the Orphan's Court of St. Mary's county in Maryland Letters Testamentary on the personal estate of Command Plowden late of the county aforesaid deceased. All persons having claims against the said deceased are hereby warned to exhibit the same with vouchers thereof to the subscriber, at or before the 25th day of September next, they may otherwise by law be excluded from all benefit of the said estate. Given under my hand this 18th day of March, eight hundred and eight. HENRY NEALE, Ex'r. March 25-6w
40 DOLLARS REWARD. FOR apprehending and delivering a Negro HARRY to the subscriber in the city of Washington or twenty-five dollars for securing said slave so that I get him again. Harry ran off on the 11th day of March 1808, he is about 5 feet 7 or 8 inches high, well made, thick lips, light black color, has the wool shaved off the back of the head the size of a dollar, and a scar on the same, and a small wen on the breast; had on when he went off a blue cloth coat, drab color bear skin round jacket (as a spencer.) Harry was purchased of Mr. George Cole of Poplar Hill, Saint Mary's county. N. B. Having reason to believe that he was persuaded and aided in his elopement, I offer 50 dollars reward to any person who will prove to conviction in a court of justice the person guilty of such acts. PETER LENOX. April 6-tawtf
NOTICE. SUCH of the creditors of the late General Uriah Forrest, deceased, as have claims against his estate prior to the issuing of the commission of Bankruptcy against him, are hereby notified that the Commissioners of Bankruptcy will meet to make a dividend, at Rhode's tavern in the city of Washington on Monday the 30th day of May next, at 11 o'clock A. M. when and where they will please to attend in person or by attorney. JOHN HEWITT, Assignee. City Washington, April 15-wtm