The national intelligencer and Washington advertiser. (Washington City [D.C.]), 1808-10-03 00:00:00

National Intelligencer.
WASHINGTON ADVERTISER.
VOL. VIII.
WASHINGTON CITY, PRINTED BY SAMUEL HARRISON SMITH, PENNSYLVANIA AVENUE.
NO. 1245.
FIVE DOLLARS PER ANNUM.
MONDAY, OCTOBER 3, 1808.
PAID IN ADVANCE.
AN ACT, Providing for the safe-keeping, cloathing and maintenance of lunatics.
BE it enacted by the First and Second Chambers of the City Council of Washington, That the sum of one hundred dollars be, and the same is hereby appropriated to defray the expense incurred, or that may be incurred in the safe-keeping, cloathing, and maintenance of lunatics previous to the first Monday of June, 1809, to be expended under the direction of the Mayor.
C. W. GOLDSBOROUGH, President of the First Chamber. E. B. CALDWELL, President of the Second Chamber. Approved, Sept. 22, 1808. ROBERT BRENT, Mayor.
AN ACT, Authorizing the conveyance of water from C street west to Pennsylvania Avenue.
BE it enacted by the First and Second Chambers of the City Council of Washington, That the inhabitants of squares No. 460 and 461 have permission to convey water from C street west to the Pennsylvania Avenue, and to continue the same, on said avenue, as far as their funds will enable them.
C. W. GOLDSBOROUGH, President of the First Chamber. E. B. CALDWELL, President of the Second Chamber. Approved—Sept. 22, 1808. ROBERT BRENT, Mayor.
FROM THE ENQUIRER.
It has reached the U. S. through a variety of sources, that France proposes some relaxation or modification of her decrees. The surmise is stated in letters from France and England, as well as in the London prints. This communication is said to have been carried to England in the St. Michael's, the government vessel of the U. States.
It is probable, that there is some truth in these reports. It is possible, that Bonaparte has given some assurances to our minister in Paris, that he would hereafter except the American commerce from the operation of his decrees. It seems to be a FACT, that the American vessels have been permitted to sail from the ports of Holland.
Let us suppose, that Bonaparte has given the most explicit and positive assurances to this effect. Let us suppose that these assurances will be communicated to the British government, and that the British cabinet is required to exempt the American commerce from the operation of their orders. What will be the consequence?
In the first place, it is not probable that the British cabinet will now acquiesce in our just demands. These orders are too directly aimed to injure the trade and to influence the politics and Presidential election of the U. S. to be immediately withdrawn. The situation of the affairs of Spain, and the encroaching spirits of the cabinet, will add new incitements to the continuation of this system. The cabinet will conjure up some plausible plea for the concealment of these views and propensities. Perhaps they may refuse to respect our rights, and to repeal their own orders, until France has made a public and most formal revocation of all her decrees. It was in the very same spirit, that they pretended to pass their orders of November. Although France had given us the most formal assurances that she would except the American trade from the operation of the Berlin decree, although these assurances were precisely observed, except in one solitary case, which could not have been known to the British cabinet; although these assurances and their fulfilment were communicated to that government; yet they had no kind of effect upon the policy and proceedings of that cabinet. The November orders are a decided proof of this position.
Let us then suppose, that such a state of things is submitted to the Congress of the U. S. The least thing, which is required of them by the rights and honor of our country, is to pursue the very course which was sketched out by themselves during the last session; to remove the embargo as to all those countries
which do not interrupt our commerce, and to continue it as to the ports and possessions of other belligerents—But it seems that another course, which they could pursue, would be to adopt one of the resolutions suggested to the Senate of the U. States at their last session; "to prohibit after the day of all commercial intercourse," with the nation, "whose edicts against the neutral commerce of the U. States render such prohibition expedient."
Trenton, Sept. 21. Delegates from the several counties of this state, appointed to select from the list of nominations, candidates to be recommended to the citizens of this state, to be supported as representatives to the eleventh Congress, and for electors of President and Vice-President of the United States, met in convention agreeably to appointment, and chose JAMES LINN, President; and ABRAHAM BROWN, Secretary.
When it was unanimously resolved, That
Adam Boyd, Henry Southard, William Atkinson, James Cox, Thomas Newbold, Jacob Hilly,
Be recommended to the citizens of this state to be supported for members of the eleventh Congress.
And for electors of President and Vice-President of the United States.
James Mott, James Morgan, Amos Harrison, David Welch, Benjamin Egbert, Thomas Hendry, George Burgin, Abijah Smith.
The following address was unanimously agreed to, ordered to be signed by the President and Secretary, and published with the foregoing proceedings:—
To the REPUBLICAN ELECTORS of the State of New Jersey.
Fellow-Citizens,
We are sensible of the important trust which you have delegated to us, and which we have endeavored to execute with fidelity.
We have selected four of our present members of Congress for your support, who have uniformly and steadily supported the measures of the present administration of our general government—measures in our opinion founded in wisdom and sound policy. The other candidates which we beg leave to recommend for your suffrage, have been for several years members of the legislature of this state, and we are fully convinced of the soundness of their political principles.
For electors of President and Vice-President, we have also selected candidates in whose political principles we repose entire confidence, and who, we have no doubt, will give their suffrages for James Madison for President, and George Clinton for Vice-President of the United States.
In making this selection, you will observe that we have kept in view the accommodation of every part of the state, as the means of preserving union and harmony in the republican interest.
At this important crisis, when a party whose political principles we believe dangerous to our country, are straining every nerve to regain their lost ascendancy in the general government, we conceive union and exertion of the utmost importance on our part; and therefore hope that the selection which has been made will meet with your approbation and support; and we confidently expect that every republican will be found at his post at the election to be held on the first Tuesday in November next.
By order of the Convention. JAMES LINN, President. ABRAHAM BROWN, Secretary.
MR. FULTON'S COMMUNICATION. (CONCLUDED.)
From Philadelphia to the Susquehannah at Columbia, is 74 miles; that road if I am rightly informed, cost on an average, 6,000 dollars a mile, or 444,000 for the whole. On it, from Columbia to Philadelphia, a barrel of flour, say 200 weight pays one dollar carriage. A broad wheeled waggon carries 30 barrels or three
tons, and pays for turnpike 3 dollars; thus for each ton carried the turnpike company receive only one dollar.
I will now suppose a canal to have been cut from Philadelphia to Columbia, and with its windings to make 100 miles, at 15,000 dollars* a mile, or for the whole 1,500,000. On such canal, one man, one boy and horse, would convey 25 tons 20 miles a day, on which the following would be the expence:
 One man, 1 00  One horse, 1 00  One boy, 50  Tolls for repairing the canal, 1 00  Tolls for passing locks, inclined planes, tunnels and aqueducts, 1 00  Interest on the wear of boats, 50  Total, $ 5 00 
This is equal to 20 cents a ton for 20 miles, and no more than one dollar a ton for 100 miles, instead of 10 dollars paid by the road. Consequently for each ton carried from Columbia to Philadelphia on the canal, the company might take a toll of six dollars instead of one, which is now got by the road; and then the flour would arrive at Philadelphia for 7 dollars a ton instead of 10, which it now pays. The merchandise would also arrive at Columbia from Philadelphia, for three dollars a ton less than is now paid; which cheap carriage both ways would not only benefit the farmer and merchant, but would draw more commerce on the canal than now moves on the road, and thereby add to the profits of the company.
But to proceed with my calculations, I will suppose that exactly the same number of tons would move on the canal that are now transported by the road. Again, let it be supposed that at one dollar a ton the turnpike company gains five per cent. per annum on their capital of 444,000 dollars, or 22,200 dollars, consequently 22,200 tons must be carried, which at six dollars a ton to the canal company, would have given 133,200 dollars a year, or 8 1-2 per cent. for their capital of 1,500,000 dollars.
The reason of this vast difference in the expence of carriage by roads or canals, will be obvious to any one who will take the trouble to reflect, that on a road of the best kind four horses, and sometimes five, are necessary to transport only three tons. On a canal one horse will draw 25 tons, and thus perform the work of 40 horses; the saving therefore is in the same of the horses, their feeding, shoeing, greets, waggons, and attendance. These facts should induce companies to consider well their interest, when contemplating an enterprise of this sort, and what would be their profits, not only in interest for their capital, but the benefit which their lands would receive by the cheap carriage of manure and of their productions.
In considering the profit to accrue to a company from a canal instead of roads, there is another important calculation to be made, and for that purpose I will proceed with the Lancaster turnpike, supposing it to extend to Pittsburgh, 320 miles. On which the carriage being at the rate now paid from Columbia to Philadelphia, that is 10 dollars a ton for 74 miles, the ton from Pittsburgh would amount to 42 dollars, at which price a barrel of flour would cost 4 dollars in carriage, an expence which excludes it from the market. Thus grain, the most important and abundant production of our interior country, and which should give vigor to our manufactures, is shut up in the districts most favorable to its culture; or to render it portable and convert it into cash, it must be distilled to brutalize and poison society. In like manner all heavy articles of little monied value, can only move within the narrow limits of 100 miles; but were a canal made the whole distance, and by one or more companies, they might arrange the tolls in the following manner:
* On averaging the canals of America 15,000 dollars a mile will be abundantly sufficient to construct them in the best manner, particularly if made on the inclined plane principle, with small boats, each carrying 6 tons.
† One horse will draw on a canal from 25 to 30 tons, 20 miles in one day. I have stated the least they ever do, and the highest rate of charges, that no deception may enter into these calculations.
ner, so as to favor the long carriage of heavy articles.
The expence of man, boy, and horse, as before stated, would cost only 3 dollars to boat one ton of flour 300 miles, this is 30 cents a barrel; suppose then, that the company receive 70 cents a barrel or 7 dollars a ton, flour could then come from Pittsburgh to Philadelphia for one dollar a barrel, the sum which is now paid from Columbia; thus the canal company would gain $7 a ton by a trade which could never move through a road of equal length. Here we see that on canals the tolls may be so arranged as to draw to them articles of little monied value, & it would be the interest of the company or companies to make such regulations. But on turnpike roads no such accommodation of charges in proportion to distance, can be effected, because of the number of horses which cannot be dispensed with.* Even were the roads made at the public expense and toll free—still the carriage of one ton for 300 miles would cost at least 35 dollars. But where canals made at the public expense and no other toll demanded than should be sufficient to keep them in repair, a ton in boating and tolls would only cost 3 dollars for 300 miles; and for 35 dollars, the sum which must be paid to carry one ton 300 miles on the best of roads, it could be boated three thousand five hundred miles, and draw resources from the centre of this vast continent.
But striking as this comparison is I will still extend it. The merchandise which can bear the expense of carriage on our present roads to Pittsburgh, Kentucky, Tennessee, or any other distance of 300 miles, and which for that distance pays 100 dollars a ton could be boated on canals 10,000 miles for that sum.
As these calculations are founded on facts which will not be denied by any one acquainted with the advantages of canals, it is the interest of every man of landed property, and particularly of the farmers of the back countries, that canals should be immediately constructed, and rendered as numerous as the funds of the nation will permit, and the present population requires; and as inhabitants multiply most towards the interior, and must extend westward, still moving more distant from the sea coast and the market for their produce, it is good policy and right that canals should follow them. In 25 years our population will amount to 14 millions; two thirds of whom will spread over the western countries. Suppose then that 3,500,000 dollars were annually appropriated to canals, such a sum would pay for 300 miles of canal each year, and in 20 years we should have 6000 miles circulating through and penetrating into the interior of the different states—such sums, though seemingly large, and such works, though seemingly stupendous, are not more than sufficient to keep pace with the rapid increase of our population, to open a market and carry to every district such foreign articles as we near the coast enjoy. With this view of the subject, arises a political question of the utmost magnitude to these states—which is—
That as our national debt diminishes, and the treasury increases in surplus revenue, will it not be the best interest of the people to continue the present duties on imports; and expend the products in national improvements?
To illustrate this question, I will state some examples of the rate of duties and the expense of carriage, to prove that by keeping on the duties and making canals with the revenue, goods in a great number of instances will be cheaper to the consumer, than by taking off the duties, and leaving the transport to roads.
 FIRST EXAMPLE.  Brown sugar pays in duty two and a half cents a lb. or for 100lb. $2 50  It pays for waggoing 300 miles, 5 00  Total, $7 50 
* In my work on small canals, published in 1796, page 129, there is a table showing a mode of regulating the boating and tonnage in such manner, that a ton may be transported 1500 miles for 5 dollars. By this method canal companies would gain more toll than by any other means yet practised.
By the canal, it would cost in boating 15 cents for 300 miles; consequently the boating, and duty would amount to $2 65; therefore by keeping on the duty and making canals, sugar would arrive at the interior 300 miles, for $2 35 the hundred weight cheaper than if the duties were taken off and the transport left to roads.
 SECOND EXAMPLE.  One bushel of salt, weighing 56lb. paid in duty, $0 20  To carry it 300 miles by roads, the expence is, 2 50  Total, $2 70 
By the canal it would cost for boating 300 miles, seven and a half cents. By keeping on the duties and making the canals, it would arrive to the interior consumer at $2 22 1-2 the bushel cheaper than were the duties taken off, and the transport left to roads.
 THIRD EXAMPLE.  Molasses pays 4 cents a gallon duty, this is for 100 lb. $0 73  It pays for waggoing 300 miles, 5 00  Total, $5 73 
By the canal the carriage would cost 15 cents, and it would arrive at the interior, at $4 10 the hundred weight, or 27 cents a gallon cheaper than were the duties taken off, and the transport left to roads.
Numerous other articles might be stated to show that the real mode of rendering them cheap to the interior consumer, is to keep on the duties and facilitate the carriage with the funds so raised. These, however, may be considered as partial instances, and not sufficiently general to warrant keeping on the duties. But there is a point of view in which I hope it will appear that the advantages are general, and will be felt throughout every part of the states. It is by reducing the expence of all kinds of carriage, and thus economise to each individual more than he now pays in duty on the foreign articles which he consumes.
FOR EXAMPLE: Wood, for fuel is an article of the first necessity—it cannot bear the expence of transport 20 miles on roads; at that distance it is sent out from the market, and the price of fuel is consequently raised the amount of the carriage; were a cord of wood carried 20 miles on roads, it would pay for waggoing at least 43 dollars; on a canal it would pay 20 cents; thus, on only one cord of wood, there is an economy of $2 39—which economy would pay the duty on 14 pounds of tea, at 20 cents the lb. duty; Or 140 pounds of sugar, at 2 cents the pound duty; Or 56 pounds of coffee, at 5 cents the pound duty; Or 14 bushels of salt, at 20 cents the bushel duty; Or 56 gallons of molasses, at 5 cents the gallon duty.
I will now suppose a city of 50,000 inhabitants, who for their household and other uses, will consume 50 thousand cord a year, on which there would be an economy of 140,000 dollars, a sum in all probability equal to the duties paid by the inhabitants. For the duties divided on the whole of the American people, are but $2 28 to each individual. Here I have estimated each person to pay $2 80, yet this estimate is made on one cord of wood to each inhabitant of a city; were I to calculate the economy on the carriage of building timber, lime, sand, bricks, stone, iron, flour, corn, provisions and materials of all kinds which enter or go out of a city, it would be five times this sum; and thus the towns and cities are to be benefited. The farmer or miller who lives 20 miles from market, pays at least 22 cents to waggon a barrel of flour that distance; by the canal it would cost 2 cents; the economy would be 20 cents; at 100 miles the economy would be 100 cents, and at 150 miles it would be 150 cents; beyond this distance flour cannot come to market by roads; yet at this distance the economy of 150 cents on the carriage of one barrel of flour would pay the duty on 7 1-2 pounds of tea; Or 75 pounds of sugar;

Or 30 pounds of coffee; Or 7 1-2 bushels of salt; Or 30 gallons of molasses; Thus it is, that the benefits arising from a good system of canals, are general and mutual. Therefore should peace and the reduction of the national debt, give an overflowing treasury, I hope you, and the majority of Americans, will think with me, that the duties should not be taken off nor diminished; for such an act, instead of relieving the people, would really oppress them, by destroying the means of reducing the expense of transports, and of opening to them a cheap mode of arriving at good markets.
To proceed with these demonstrations, let us look at the rich productions of our interior country.
Wheat, flour, oats, barley, beans, grain and pulse of all kinds; Cider, apples and fruits of all kinds; Salt, salted beef, pork and other meats; Hides, tallow, beeswax; Cast and forged iron; Pot and pearl ashes, tanners bark; Tar, pitch, rosin and turpentine; Hemp, flax and wool; Plaster of Paris, so necessary to our agriculture; Coals, & potters' earth for our manufactures; Marble, lime and timber for our buildings.
All these articles are of the first necessity, but few of them can bear the expense of five dollars the hundred weight to be transported 300 miles on roads. Yet on canals they would cost in boating only 15 cents the 100 weight for that distance.
There is another great advantage to individuals and the nation arising from canals, which roads can never give. It is that when a canal runs through a long line of mountainous country, such as the greater part of the interior of America, all the ground below for half a mile or more may be watered and converted into meadow and other profitable culture.
How much these conveniences of irrigation will add to the produce of agriculture and the beauties of nature, I leave to experienced farmers and agricultural societies to calculate.
In Italy and Spain it is the practice to sell water out of the canals, for watering meadows and other land. In such cases tubes are put into the canal, under the pressure of a certain head of water, and suffered to run a given time for a fixed price; the monies thus gained add much to the emoluments of the canal companies.
But with all these immense advantages which canals give, it may be a question with many individuals, whether they can be constructed in great leading lines from our sea coast & navigable rivers, to the frontiers of the several states, or pass our mountains & penetrate to the remote parts of our interior country. Should doubts arise on this part of the plan, I beg leave to assure you that there is no difficulty in carrying canals over our highest mountains, and even where nature has denied us water. For water is always to be found in the valleys, and the canal can be constructed to the foot of the mountains, carrying the water to that situation. Should there be no water on the mountains, or its sides, there will be wood or coals; either or both of which can be brought cheap to the works by means of the canal. Then with steam engines the upper ponds of canal can be filled from the lower levels, and with the engines the boats can on inclined planes be drawn from the lower to the upper canals. For this mode of operating it is necessary to have small boats of six tons each. As the steam engines are to draw up and let down the boats on inclined planes, no water is drawn from the upper level of canal as when locks are used. Consequently when the upper ponds have been once filled, it is only necessary that the engine should supply leakage and evaporation. There is another mode of supplying the leakage and evaporation of the higher levels; On the tops & sides of mountains there are hollows or ravines which can be banked at the lower extremity, thus forming a reservoir to catch the rain or melted snow. From such reservoirs the ponds of canal can be replenished in the dry months of summer. This mode of reserving water is in practice in England for canals, and in Spain for irrigation. In this manner I will suppose it necessary to pass a mountain 800 feet high; then 4 inclined planes each of 200 feet rise, would gain the summit, and four
* Animals are now driven to market 300 or more miles, at a considerable expense and loss of flesh, for two principal reasons: first, the expense of transporting the salt to the interior; and second, the expense of carrying the salted meats to market.
would descend on the other side.—Total 8 inclined planes and 8 steam engines. Each steam engine of 12 horse power would cost about ten thousand dollars, in all 80,000 dollars; each would burn about 12 bushels of coal in 12 hours, or 96 bushels for the 8 engines for one day's work.
The coals in such situation may be estimated at 12 cents a bushel, or $11 52 At each engine and inclined plane there must be 5 men—to at forty men at one dollar each 40 Total $51 52
For this sum they could pass 500 tons in one day over the 8 inclined planes, which for each ton is only 10 cents.
Suppose the mountain to be 20 miles wide, boating for each ton would cost 20 do.
Total 30 cents a ton for passing over the mountain, which will be more or less according to circumstances. These calculations being only intended to remove any doubts which may arise on the practicability of passing our mountains—
Having thus in some degree considered the advantages which canals will produce in point of wealth to individuals and the nation, I will now consider their importance to the union and their political consequences.
First, their effect on raising the value of the public lands, and thereby augmenting the revenue.
In all cases where canals shall pass through the lands of the United States, and open a cheap communication to a good market, such lands will rise in value for 20 miles on each side of the canal. The farmer who will reside 20 miles from the canal can in one day carry a load of produce to its borders. And were the lands 600 miles from one of our seaport towns his barrel of flour, in weight 200lb. could be carried that distance for 50 cents, the price which is now paid to carry a barrel 50 miles on the Lancaster turnpike. Consequently, as relates to cheapness of carriage, and easy access to markets, the new lands which lie 600 miles from the sea ports, would be of equal value with lands of equal fertility which are 50 miles from the sea ports. But not to insist on their being of so great value until population is as great, it is evident that they must rise in value in a 3 or 4 fold degree, every lineal mile of canal would accommodate 25,600 acres. The lands sold by the United States in 1806, averaged about 2 dollars an acre, and certainly every acre accommodated with a canal, would produce 6 dollars; thus only 20 miles of canal each year, running through national lands, would raise the value of 512,000 acres at least 4 dollars an acre, giving 2,048,000 dollars to the treasury, a sum sufficient to make 136 miles of canal. Had an individual such a property, and funds to construct canal, to its centre, he certainly would do it for his own interest. The nation has the property, and the nation possesses ample funds for such undertakings.
Second, on their effect in cementing the union, and extending the principles of confederated republican government. Numerous have been the speculations on the durations of our union, and intrigues have been practiced to sever the western from the eastern states. The opinion endeavored to be inculcated, was that the inhabitants beyond the mountains were cut off from the market of the Atlantic states; that consequently they had a separate interest, and should use their resources to open a communication to a market of their own; that remote from the seat of government they could not enjoy their portion of advantages arising from the union and that sooner or later they must separate and govern for themselves.
Others by drawing their examples from European governments, and the monarchies which have grown out of the feudal habits of nations of warriors whose minds were bent to the absolute power of few, and the servile obedience of the many, have conceived these states of too great an extent to continue united under a republican form of government, and that the time is not distant when they will divide into little kingdoms, retrograding from common sense to ignorance, adopting all the follies and barbarities which are every day practiced in the kingdoms and petty states of Europe. But those who have reasoned in this way, have not reflected that men are the creatures of habit, and that their habits as well as their interests may be so combined, as to make it impossible to separate them without falling back into a state of barbarism. Although in ancient
times some specks of civilization have been effaced by hordes of uncultivated men, yet it is remarkable that since the invention of printing and general diffusion of knowledge, no nation has retrograded in science or improvements; nor is it reasonable to suppose that the Americans, who have as much, if not more information in general, than any other people, will ever abandon an advantage which they have once gained. England, which at one time was seven petty kingdoms, has by habit long been united into one. Scotland by succession became united to England, and is now bound to her by habit, by turnpike roads, canals and reciprocal interests. In like manner all the countries of England, or departments of France, are bound to each other; and when the United States shall be bound together by canals, by cheap and easy access to market in all directions, by a sense of mutual interests arising from mutual intercourse and mingled commerce; it will be no more possible to split them into independent and separate governments, each lining its frontiers with fortifications and troops, to shackle their own exports and imports to and from the neighboring states; than it is now possible for the government of England to divide and form again into seven kingdoms.
But it is necessary to bind the states together by the people's interests, one of which is to enable every man to sell the produce of his labor at the best market and purchase at the cheapest. This accords with the idea of Hume, that the government of a wise people would be little more than a system of civil police; for the best interest of man is industry and a free exchange of the produce of his labor for the things which he may require.
On this humane principle, what stronger bonds of union can be invented than those which enable each individual to transport the produce of his industry 1200 miles for 60 cents the hundred weight? Here then is a certain method of securing the union of the states, and of rendering it as lasting as the continent we inhabit.
It is now eleven years that I have had this plan in contemplation for the good of our country. At the conclusion of my work on small canals, there is a letter to Thomas Mifflin, then governor of the state of Pennsylvania, on a system of canals for America. In it I contemplated the time when "Canals should pass through every vale, wind round each hill and bind the whole country together in the bonds of social intercourse;" and I am now happy to find that through the good management of a wise administration, a period has arrived when an overflowing treasury exhibits abundant recourses, and points the mind to works of such immense importance.
Hoping speedily to see them become favorite objects with the whole American people.
I have the honor to be, Your most obedient, ROBERT FULTON. To ALBERT GALLATIN, Esq. Secretary of the Treasury. Washington, Dec. 8, 1808.
TO OUR SUBSCRIBERS.
Subscribers in arrears are earnestly requested to comply with the terms of this Paper, which, it will be recollected, require the annual payment of Five Dollars in advance. As no period, in the affairs of our country, has been more momentous than the present, so, never has there been a time that required greater exertions from the public prints. While the most indefatigable and unremitted efforts are made to mislead the public mind, and to give it a direction destructive to the great interests of the nation, it becomes the duty of the republican prints to be firm, vigilant and active in the diffusion of truth. This duty shall be performed by us. As heretofore the public shall be presented with a full and faithful view of the proceedings of the government, including the Debates of Congress, and the interesting Documents that emanate from the several departments of the government. If we are to judge from passing events, no session since the era of the government will have been more important than the one at hand.
To enable the Editor the more satisfactorily to discharge these duties, he has associated with himself, JOSEPH GALES, Jun. who, during the sittings of Congress, will be principally occupied in reporting their proceedings; a department in which he has already shown his competency and impartiality.
As this, together with other arrangements, will involve great additional expenses, we are compelled, notwithstanding the peculiar circumstances of the times, to address ourselves to the justice of our subscribers, under the hope that they will, by their punctuality, enable us faithfully to comply with our engagements.
JOHN W. HOLLINGSWORTH, MERCHANT TAYLOR FROM BALTIMORE, Near the Navy Yard in Silverside.
RESPECTFULLY informs his friends and the public in general, that he has for sale a quantity of ready made goods, viz. Coats, Shirts, Jackets, &c. and also a quantity of Hair Powder, suitable for Barbers at a moderate price.
October 3—3t
WASHINGTON CITY.
MONDAY, OCTOBER 3.
Yesterday the PRESIDENT of the UNITED STATES, arrived from Monticello.
Mr. MADISON Secretary of State, Mr. GALLATIN Secretary of the Treasury, and Mr. SMITH Secretary of the Navy arrived last evening.
The performance, signed An Alexander , was received too late for insertion previously to the Maryland Election.
The Elections of Maryland and Georgia, for members of Congress, and state representatives, take place to day, and those of Pennsylvania, Delaware, and South Carolina, the beginning of next week. The result of all these will, we believe, be decidedly republican, excepting Delaware, which is doubtful. Collectively these states send forty representatives to Congress. The result of these elections, consequently, decides unequivocally the political complexion of the next Congress.
There is an important consideration, which it behoves the republicans of the state of New York distinctly to understand. This is, that in the great conflict of parties now at issue, it is possible, that her electoral votes will be requisite, in addition to the other republican electoral votes, to give to the republican candidate a constitutional majority. We believe that the votes of Vermont, New-Jersey, Delaware and Pennsylvania will be republican. Nor is there reason to despair of those of Rhode-Island and New-Hampshire. But it being barely possible that all these votes may be federal, in this case the votes of New-York will be necessary to insure the success of the republican candidate. To illustrate this, set down all the following votes as federal:
 New Hampshire 7  Massachusetts 19  Rhode Island 4  Connecticut 9  Vermont 6  New Jersey 8  Pennsylvania 20  Delaware 3 
And allow further, as merely possible that the following states give the federal votes carried out, viz.
 Maryland 4  North Carolina 4  And we have 84 
The following republican votes are reckoned as absolutely certain, viz.
 Maryland 7  Virginia 24  North Carolina 10  South Carolina 10  Georgia 6  Kentucky 8  Tennessee 5  Ohio 3  73 
This result gives 84 federal, and 73 republican votes, independently of New-York. Eighty-nine constituting a majority of the whole votes, and being consequently requisite to the choice of a President, according to the above statement, the votes of New-York, if given to a federal candidate, will make him President, and if given to a republican candidate will make him President.
Now, the votes of New-York can only be given in three ways, so as to make the individual so voted for President.
 1. To a federalist.  2. To a republican supported by the federalists.  3. To the republican candidate. 
In either event the individual, so voted for, will be President.
4. The only remaining way in which they can be given is to a republican, not supported by the federalists, and other than the republican candidate. We assume it as certain that the 73 republican votes enumerated will be given at all events to Mr. Madison. In all those states the expression of the public opinion has been most unequivocally declared in favor of Mr. Madison. There has not been a solitary nomination of Mr. Clinton. It is, therefore, irrational to imagine that they will give way to any predilection of New-York for any other republican, as the idea is altogether destructive of the most essential feature of republicanism, that the will of the majority shall prevail. These seventy-three votes, therefore, cannot be shaken.
1. Is it then possible for the electoral votes of New-York to be given to a federalist? We say boldly, no; it is not possible. To suppose it possible, would be to pass the severest censure upon the republicans of New-York; would be to doubt their patriotism as public men, and their virtue as individuals. We say then this
is impossible. It is, however, very possible that the federalists will resort to every stratagem to induce them to take this disgraceful step; and it is likewise possible that among the republicans in the legislature there may be a few beings capable of this corruption. It becomes, under this view of the subject, their constituents to keep their eyes stedfastly fixed upon them, and to convince them that such a step would consign them to utter ruin.
2. They may be given to a republican supported by the federalists, who, in this event, will be elected President. This is the event, in which, according to the expectations of some men, Mr. Clinton is to become President. As it is impossible for him in any other way to be elected President by the people, while he is kept in view for the Presidency there is strong reason to believe that his advocates are willing that he should receive, and rely upon his receiving the federal votes. Let us see how, in this event, he could be elected. The votes would stand as follows:
He would have eighty four federal and nineteen republican votes, while Mr. Madison would have seventy three republican votes, that is, all the republican votes, except those of the state of N. York.
Now, we will ask—
Would the republicans of the U. States generally be satisfied with a choice made in repugnance to the will of a most decided majority? Could such a choice inspire them with confidence? Could they believe that the individual, who owed his elevation to federal votes, would oppose those who raised him to power amidst their opposition? Could they believe that the federalists would throw away their votes upon one whom they did not feel satisfied would co-operate with them? Could such a President command the respect and co-operation of the republican members of Congress, and particularly of the Senate, which must for many years, in all events, remain republican? What kind of an administration would a republican President, raised to power by federalists, be able to form? Would men of talents place themselves in so suspicious a station?
Every man, of the least discernment or knowledge of human nature, will readily answer these questions; and the answer will prove that such a choice would be destructive of republicanism. If this is thus clear, it must follow that no real republican in the state of New York can agree or give his support to any plan by which the federal votes of that state shall make a President in direct opposition to the wishes of every other republican state in the union.
3. The votes of New York may be given to the republican candidate, who will thereby be elected President. By this act the republican phalanx will remain unbroken; the whole republican confidence will be reposed in one man; there will be no local collision; all will be harmony and vigor at a season that loudly calls for patriotism and conciliation, the foreign world will have the strongest assurance that the great measures of the present administration will be persisted in, and our internal enemies will no longer indulge the hope of rising upon our divisions.
4. If the votes of New York are not given in either of the above ways, they may, finally, be given to a republican, not supported by federalists, and other than the republican candidate. In this case there will be no choice, and the ultimate decision will be left with the House of Representatives.
But where will be the advantage of this course, in any point of view in which it can be offered.
It will be attended with the serious effect of exhibiting an unfortunate division among the republicans, of which their enemies abroad and at home will profit. It is, in the highest degree, important, that at the earliest day, this election should be definitively made, as information of it on the other side of the ocean may be the only means of accommodating our differences. Such are the flagrant misrepresentations propagated there, that until the final vote for President, there will be a hope or expectation entertained of the choice of a federal man.
It may give rise to much useless intrigue in Congress, without that intrigue availing any thing, as no future event can be more certain than the concurrence of the requisite number of states in the House of Representatives in favor of Mr. Madison. He would have the votes of Rhode Island, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Vermont, New Jersey, Maryland, Virginia, North and South Carolina, Georgia, Kentucky, Tennessee and Ohio, being thirteen out of seventeen states.
Further, what security is there that the federalists would not give their electoral votes to the republican thus

voted for by N. York? Who would answer for such an intention being kept a profound secret, and in case it were divulged, as in all probability it would be, would not the federalists unite their votes in the same candidate, and would not the whole be viewed by the people of the U. States as a stratagem made use of to cover a sinister design?
It follows, from these considerations, that, on this occasion, as on all former ones of like importance, the republicans unless ready to sacrifice themselves, must be united; and that every attempt to unite them in any other candidate than Mr. Madison will be mischievous, and may be fatal.
The unimportant affair of French dispatches having been found on Mr. Young, is again pressed into the service of the opposition for electioneering purposes. It is now said, with characteristic contempt of truth, to have caused "the determination of the Council of Seville to suspend the release of American vessels detained under the French decrees."
This affair has been already sufficiently explained. It has been said that it was absurd to ascribe to the administration any participation in an act which it could not have dreamed of, and that the act itself was of a common and harmless nature. If, as is now said, but is not known to be the fact, Murat's dispatches were under cover to Mr. Madison, it may have been an erroneous procedure on the part of Mr. Erving; but it must have been an inadvertent one.
Facts, however, but recently known, show the absolute folly of ascribing the suspension of the release of American vessels to this circumstance.
Mr. Young left Madrid on the 25th of May. On the 28th he was arrested at Eujia and put in prison; then sent on to Seville, where he was detained in prison until after the 10th of June, when he made a protest against these proceedings. On the 27th of May nothing was known in Cadiz of an intended change in the government; the only apprehension being at that time of an attack from the British. On the 15th of June letters were written from Cadiz stating that our vessels in that port were released under an order from the new government there, and intimating a hope that the same would take place at Algesiras. On the 9th of July information was sent from Cadiz that this had been done.
Hence it follows clearly— 1. That so far from Mr. Erving having any knowledge of a new government at Seville, when he sent off Mr. Young, that government had not then got into operation. And 2. That it was after the arrest of Mr. Young, that the order for the release of the American vessels was issued.
LONDON, August 1.
Saturday dispatches were received at the admiralty from Sir Samuel Hood, dated off the island of Moen, in the Baltic, on the 17th ult. They state that the admiral had received intelligence from several gallies, under Necklenburgh colours, that a French force of 20,000 men had assembled at Strausund, for the purpose of invading Sweden, and were in perfect readiness, except that they were obliged to wait the arrival of a great number of boats, which had been collected in the Elbe, and which were to convey them in the first instance to Rugen, where they were to be joined by the Spanish troops.
August 4.
The Catalonians have rendered themselves masters of Fort Monjoie, commanding Barcelona, with a considerable loss on their part, but with the absolute destruction of the whole garrison.
One circumstance we have both pride and pleasure in communicating—which is, that the Supreme Council of Seville has been able to suspend the levying of further contributions, and even to refund out of the money arrived from England, the forced and voluntary loans that had been already advanced. This must give the people of Spain a feeling sense of the interest we take in their concerns; and when compared with the brutal rapacity exercised by the ruffians who are endeavoring to oppress them, will place the character and principles of the two nations in the most striking point of view. Upon this subject we cannot help mentioning a circumstance which was currently reported at Gijon, before the Scorpion sailed; which is, that the people of Cordova, who, as our readers will recollect, were obliged to make the temporary surrender to the French, did it on condition that no plunder should be permitted. Dupont pledged himself to this term; but, on getting possession of the town, gave it up to pillage, and all sorts of excesses, for four hours; which so exasperated the Cordovans, that the whole population rose en
masse, and, after a most sanguinary conflict, forced him to evacuate the town, and absolutely drove him ten miles into the country, where he was encamping himself, for fear of a further attack. Two regiments have actually marched from Gibraltar, through the lines of St. Roque, towards Cadiz, near which a great battle was daily expected to be fought.
Joseph Bonaparte is said to have arrived at Madrid so early as the 20th of July, seven days before he was expected. He was received with sullen silence; no guns were fired by the Spaniards, nor did any species of rejoicing take place on the occasion. The bell ringers refused their usual office; which being considered an unpardonable offence, three of them were taken into custody, and on the following day, after a summary trial, put to death. It is said, that a few hired tinkers (menders of saucepans and kettles) appeared before the palace, and saluted the new sovereign by the noise produced by beating their pots and kettles with sticks; and these men were "Long live King Joseph." The people positively refused to assemble on the occasion; and every appearance indicated a speedy renewal of the occurrence of the 2d of May.
It is indeed reported, on the authority of a letter from Plymouth, that a most violent tumult had actually taken place at Madrid on the 23d; that in the conflict which ensued the whole of the French troops in that city were either killed or put to the route; and that only 4000 cavalry were enabled to effect their escape. The report adds, that upwards of 20,000 persons fell on this occasion. We must submit these statements without, in any respect, vouching their accuracy. The letter which contains them, was received by a mercantile house in the city. It states, that the account was published at Oporto on the 28th of July, in an extraordinary Gazette, which concluded thus:—
"We have now to offer up our prayers and thanksgivings to the God of Hosts, that Spain no longer contains a single Frenchman who is not in the power of the Spaniards."
Adices may be hourly expected to arrive, of the landing of the expedition under the command of Sir Arthur Wellesley.
Sir Arthur Wellesley had arrived at Oporto on the 25th ult. landed and paid a short visit to the Bishop. He then re-embarked, was soon out of sight and expected to reach Figueira on the 26th. It was rumored, that he was first to proceed to the Tagus, to communicate with Sir C. Cotton, and then rejoin the troops at Figueira. The Portuguese are in the highest hopes, and entertain confident expectations of driving out their oppressors, or destroying them.
According to the Dutch papers, the kingdom of Naples is destined for Murat—his successor in the dukedom of Berg is not mentioned—Bonaparte makes his relations dance about, and change places, like so many puppets in a show—he never suffers them to remain long in a place. One month we see them planted in Italy, the next in Germany; to-day they appear as grand Dukes, to-morrow they start up before us as kings. What a restlessness there is in all this man's actions!
The only other news of importance in these papers is, the proclamation of the provisional government of Tuscany, informing the inhabitants that it is to be united to the kingdom of Italy. The Queen of Etruria, who is to be thus robbed of her dominions, our readers will recollect, has already been robbed of her liberty, being at present a state prisoner in France. The Proclamation, adding insult to outrage, styles the man by whom she has been thus treated, "the protector of religion and morality."
FROM DUTCH PAPERS.
VITTORIO, JULY 14.
On the 11th his Catholic majesty proceeded from Tolosa to Bergara, where he was waited upon and complimented by the civil and ecclesiastical authorities, and by students of the celebrated college of that town.
He also received a deputation from the town of St. Andero, consisting of six persons, who ratified the oath of fidelity already taken by their town, and solicited forgiveness for their error. His majesty received each of them with the greatest friendship, and was engaged in business with his ministers until nine in the evening.
On the following day the king continued his journey to Vittoria. On the boundaries of Guipascoa, the deputation from that province took leave of his majesty, who found the deputation of Alara on their own territory. He also received the magistracy of the place, and made enquiries of them respecting the state of their respective districts.
When about three leagues from the city, he received some dispatch-
es by a courier—he stopped, read the dispatches, and answered them without alighting from his carriage. During this interval, a detachment of the African regiment of infantry were introduced to him, which was so resolutely bent on accompanying his majesty, though repeatedly told, that being on foot, it was impossible to keep up with the carriage, that it nevertheless went on for three long leagues, and never stopped until his majesty arrived at the apartments prepared for him. At his entrance into the city all the troops were under arms, and the houses were hung with carpets. The firing of the artillery, the ringing of the bells, and the course of the inhabitants from all quarters, all contribute to distinguish this event. The day before, his majesty was proclaimed king of Spain and the Indies, in this city, being the capital of the province.
At the distance of a league from Vittoria, his majesty received a special deputation from the province, the civil and spiritual authorities, and all the individuals of respectability, who assembled from the environs in order to be introduced to him.
At nine in the evening a display of fire works took place, and his majesty was pleased to partake in the festivity.
This day, after transacting business with his ministers, his majesty attended mass in the collegiate church. He was received at the entrance by the chapter, who conducted him to a seat under a canopy, which was placed near the grand altar. On his return to his residence, his majesty gave audience to all the deputies from the adjacent towns and villages, as well as those who were introduced to him the preceding day. The festivities of the former day, with the display of fire works, were this day repeated.
On the day of his majesty's arrival the following proclamation was issued:
"Don Joseph Napoleon, by the Grace of God, and the constitution of the State, king of Spain, and the Indies. SPANIARDS!
On entering the territory of a people, the government of whom Providence has confided in me, I feel it my duty to explain the sentiments which I entertain.
"In ascending the throne, I rely upon finding among you some generous souls who will second my efforts to restore this people to the possession of their ancient splendor. The constitution, to the observance of which you are about to pledge yourselves by your oaths, secures the exercise of our holy religion, and of civil and political freedom. It establishes a national representation, and restores your ancient Cortes in an ameliorated form. It appoints a Senate, forming the guarantee of individual liberty, and the support of the throne in critical circumstances, and constituting an honorable asylum and rewards to those who shall have performed signal service to the state.
"The courts of justice, the interpreters of the laws, divested of passion and favor, shall, in pronouncing judgment, be impartial, free and independent.
"Merit and virtue shall be the only claims to holding public offices.
"Unless I am disappointed in my wishes, your agriculture and commerce shall flourish, free from those restraints which have hitherto retarded their prosperity.
"Desirous of ruling according to the laws, I will be the first to give an example of the honor which should be paid to them.
"I enter among you with the greatest confidence, surrounded with those meritorious individuals, who have concealed from me nothing which they thought necessary for your interests.
"Blind passion, false rumors, the intrigues of the common enemy of the continent, anxious only to separate the Indies from Spain, have plunged some of you into the most dreadful state of anarchy. My heart bleeds at the view of it; but this evil, however considerable it may be, may instantaneously cease.
"Spaniards, only unite around my throne. Conduct yourselves so as that internal disturbances shall not deprive me of that time which I wish to employ in laboring for your happiness, nor deprive me of the means of accomplishing that object. I esteem you enough to persuade myself that you will make every exertion to obtain and merit that happiness which is the dearest object of my wishes.
"I, THE KING."
Vittoria, 12th July, 1808.
By order of his majesty,
The minister secretary of state, M. RIANO LUIS DE UNQUIJO.
BOLOGNA, JULY 15.
Her majesty the queen of Spain
arrived here yesterday, on her way from Naples, and made a stay of several hours. Her majesty received a visit from the cardinal Oppizoni and the Prefect of the department, who went to pay their respects to her. The Chamberlain Bianchetta, who was sent by the Viceroy to compliment her on her passage through the Bologna, was received in the most friendly manner, and had the honor of being invited to her table. Her majesty continued her journey the same day towards Bayonne.
MIRANDA, JULY 14.
His majesty set out from Vittoria at 3 o'clock this morning accompanied by the deputies of the town and province of Alava, to the boundaries of their jurisdiction. On the journey he received the magistrates of the different villages, and in this city the Corregidor, the municipality, the civil and spiritual corporations, the director of the post office, and all the magistrates of the towns and villages who had come to be introduced to him, and in a word every person of respectability and rank, who was desirous of that honor.
The anxiety which his majesty shews to inform himself of all that relates to the interests of the districts he passes through, with regard to productions, as well as the improvements of which they are susceptible, and the affability which marks all his enquiries, gain the hearts of all that have access to him.
After the audience, and during the rest of the day, until nine in the evening, his majesty was occupied in business, either in private or with his ministers. His majesty notwithstanding the inconveniences of a journey in the warm season, is in good health.
It is difficult to conceive how a small town, containing only about 300, could furnish the fire works, bands of music, and all that contributed to the splendid festivity which was displayed as a proof of its joy.
JULY 21.
Since the first of this month, general Clarke, minister at war, has dated his dispatches as Count de Hohenburg. Mr. Lance, director general of the conscriptions, has also signed himself Count de Seccas.
BANKS OF THE MAINE, JULY 23.
We are assured that his highness the Prince Archchancellor of the French empire, will after the return of the Emperor, make a journey into Germany; the object of which is said to be the organization of the Confederation of the Rhine. He will first visit the court of the Prince Primate, and at the opening of the approaching sitting of the states, he will propose several important measures, calculated for the support and security of the whole body.
VIENNA, JULY 18.
The army of the Grand Vizier, which has been reinforced from time to time by numerous divisions from Asia, has now advanced from Adrianople to Sophia. The Russian colonel Beckleureich has arrived again at the head quarters of prince Prossorski from Constantinople. He, according to the ancient custom of the Sublime Porte, received an answer to his mission from the hands of the Grand Vizier. The Russian army, which has received considerable reinforcements, has taken various positions on the shores of the Danube. The Turkish fortresses are well supplied with provisions and ammunition, and they are indefatigable in raising new works.
LONDON, August 3.
Intelligence of the greatest importance has been received from Spain, and we rejoice in being able to state it is most glorious. Government have received dispatches from Lord Collingwood of the 17th of last month. Seville Gazettes have also been received to the 14th, and Oviedo to the 30th of last month, that is, to last Sunday. The dispatches from Lord Collingwood have brought a confirmation of the success of the Spaniards in Valencia, in Arragon and Catalonia. Near Barcelona the French sustained a defeat, and were forced to retire to the forts. A Madrid article of the 20th, in the Oviedo papers adds, after the enemy had thrown themselves into Fort Montju, which commands the harbor of Barcelona, the Catalonian Patriots resolved to storm it—their loss was very great, between six and seven thousand men; but they succeeded in making themselves masters of it, and immediately put the whole garrison to the sword.
Moncey found a grave for his army in Valencia. A series of actions took place near the wall of that city on the 26th, 27th, 28th, and 29th of June. On the 26th and 27th, the Spaniards are said to have sustained considerable loss, and the French to have succeeded in their object of getting near Valencia, so as to be able to make an attack upon it on the 29th. The Valencians, aware of Moncey's intentions, were posted under the walls.
He began his attack in the afternoon of the twenty-eighth, but the town was so vigorously defended, that he was obliged to retire to his position between Quarte and Misiat, where he had thrown up a battery. There he was attacked by the Patriots on the 29th, and a most sanguinary conflict ensued—But, thanks to Providence!—"The good cause," as the Oviedo Gazette informs us, was ultimately triumphant, and of 18,000 men of whom Moncey's army consisted only 1000 made their escape. These wandered about, uncertain what course to take. At length they effected a junction with a French force at St. Clemente. Such is the fate that has attended the French arms and operations in Valencia. A similar fate has befallen them in Murcia, but the particulars are not mentioned.
The dispatches have brought also a confirmation of the failure of all the attacks upon Saragossa.—And thus in Arragon, Catalonia, and Valencia, the French army have suffered a diminution of near 40,000 men.
Dupont remained in Andujar when the last accounts were received from general Castanos, on the 14th ult. He had by a stratagem evaded one attack from the Spaniards—as the latter were preparing to attack him, they discovered in the enemy's van Spanish women, children, and Monks, whom Dupont had carried off with him from Cordova—The Spaniards shrunk from the idea of getting at the French over the bleeding and murdered bodies of their country women, and the attack was not made. But general Castanos in his dispatches of the 11th ult. to the Supreme Junta of Seville informed them that he meant to attack Dupont on the next day. Dupont was completely hemmed in and reduced to the last extremity.
Two French divisions under generals Frere and Wredel were sent to join him, but Wredel having been routed, Frere did not think it prudent to proceed further than St. Clemente.
The important Port of Figueras in Catalonia, has been taken by the Patriots.
Upon the above intelligence, so important and so glorious, we have not room to make any comments—nor indeed are any necessary. It will fill every British heart with exultation and pride—it will strengthen the belief that the decree is gone forth, is to arrest the tyrant in his course, and to assert and avenge the cause of freedom and of men.
SLOOP UNITY—HAND.
Arrived at Philadelphia the 20th inst. in three days from NORFOLK, is taking in Freight, and will sail soon for this place. October 3—
TEN DOLLARS REWARDED.
DEFERRED on the evening of the 29th of September last, DANIEL HARGEN, a recruit belonging to this rendezvous, says he is thirty-one years of age, but appears older; five feet seven inches in height, has hazel eyes, black hair and sallow complexion, was born in Ireland, and by occupation a blacksmith; had on of the public clothing, a black hat bound with white tape, cockade and Eagle; a coarse shirt ruffled at the waist, white flize vest with an Eagle button marked first regiment, a pair of coarse linen trowsers, short stockings, and shoes. He had on of his own an old cloth coat, of a dark mixture, wore out at the elbows. The above reward with reasonable charges will be paid for apprehending and delivering him to me, or to any other officer of the army, or securing him in any jail in the United States, and giving me or any other officer of the army information thereof.
ROBERT CHERRY.
Commanding Recruiting Rendezvous. Washington City, October 3.
TO BE LET.
A Comfortable dwelling house, with every convenience to accommodate a genteel family, now occupied by the Rev. Mr. Laurie—possession may be had on the 17th of this month—Stable and Carriage House if required. Apply to
PIERCE PURCELL.
Also a Two Story Brick House on F. Street—an excellent stand for business—a large store completely finished, a dry cellar, &c. &c. Stable and carriage house. Apply as above. October 3—3t
PUBLIC SALE.
Will be sold at Auction on Saturday the 8th inst. at 11 o'clock. A. M.
A GOOD Hack Carriage, two strong Horses, well broken to harness or saddle. A likely mare five years old, by the imported horse Dover—A well bred remarkably handsome horse, three years old, in fine order, by the celebrated horse Chiden, and a handsome colt one year old, by the Arabian horse Dey of Algiers. Terms of sale one half cash, the other half six months credit for approved notes. LUND WASHINGTON. Capitol Hill, October 3—3t
SHERIFF'S SALE.
Will be exposed at Public Sale, on Thursday the 29th inst. on the premises, for Cash,
THE FARM whereon Ignatius West now lives, containing upwards of 500 acres of Land, the greater part in woods—late the property of said West, taken by virtue of a writ of Fieri Facias, at the suit of Cornelius Lansdale, assignee of John Hodges of Thomas, who was assignee of Benjamin Oden use of Wm. H. Hous. The sale will commence at 3 o'clock, P. M. JOHN FLEMING, Sheriff of Montgomery county, Md. September 14—7t
N. B. The above Sale is postponed to Tuesday 11th of October, at 1 o'clock, precisely.

CHARLES H. WARREN, MERCHANT TAILOR, RESPECTFULLY informs the gentlemen of the district of Columbia and Public in general, that he has received by a late arrival from Philadelphia, a Choice Assortment of superior Cloths, Cassimeres, single and double milled, superior Coatings, black silk Florentines. Likewise an elegant assortment of Sponcelts & rich silk Mouselins for Waistcoats with a variety of other articles suitable for the season. Remounts and New Uniforms , made in the most elegant and uniform style of fashion. Robert Barwell's celebrated PATENT PARASOLS , suspended for superior to any in the market, as can be had on the same terms retail, as at his Manufactory. November 2.—4f
JOHN GOULDING has now landed from on board the Polly from Baltimore, a few barrels of West India COFFEE and New Orleans SUGAR , Bottles in hampers, Red and White Champagne Wine in boxes, Fresh Tea , &c. On hand, as usual, most kinds of choice old Wines in bottles and in casks; best Albany Ale , Philadelphia Porter and Ale ; Spermaceti Candles , Talcott's Castle Soap in boxes, with sundry articles in his line, to be sold for Cash, and as usual, cheap to his punctilious customers. Georgetown, September 19—2m
THE COMMERCIAL COMPANY OF WASHINGTON. Now landing from an vessel the Rich. Marchant , Prizeworth , and Job SALE , at low prices. Sundries & Spices, Anchors and New England Rum, Muscovado Sugars, Molasses, Coffee, Muscad and Bloom Raisins, Holland and country Gin, Spermaceti Candles, Spermaceti Oil, Spanish Segars, Corks, Powder and shot of the best quality, White Lead in oil, A few crates of Stone Ware, Then in or close at hand, and for Sale, Masters, and a C Wine by the cask. Caledonia, Claret in boxes of 1 dozen each, Cognac and Brandy 4th proof. Bordeaux, Hyson and Young Hyson, Tea, Rose Salid Oil, Mould and Dip Candles, Soap, Whiskey, and A few Lots of Vetching. JOSEPH FORREST, Pres. August 22—
DR. WILLIAM GRAYSON , has taken a part of the house lately occupied by Mr. JOHN TEMPELMAN on Bridge street, two doors above SUMNER'S tavern, where he has leave to offer his PROFESSIONAL SERVICES to the citizens of Georgetown, and the public in general. Georgetown, Sept. 14—4f
ON application to me the subscriber in the recess of the court as Chief Judge of the first Judicial District of the state of Maryland by petition in writing of HENRY ADDISON CALLIS , of Prince Georges county, praying for the benefit of the act for the relief of indigent insolvent debtors, and the several supplements thereto on the terms mentioned in the said acts, a schedule of his property and list of his creditors on oath as far as he can ascertain them, being annexed to his petition; and the said HENRY ADDISON CALLIS , having satisfied me by competent testimony that he has resided in the state of Maryland two years immediately preceding the time of his application, having also filed in his petition that he is now in actual confinement for debt, and not on account of any breach of the peace or for the non-payment of any fine, or penalty for the breach of the laws of this state or of the United States, and having produced to me the certificate of the sheriff of Prince Georges county to that effect, and having prayed to be discharged from confinement on the terms prescribed in the said acts, and having given security for his personal appearance in the next county court to answer any allegations that may be made against him by his creditors. I do hereby order and adjudge that the said HENRY ADDISON CALLIS be discharged from his imprisonment, and by causing a copy of this order to be inserted in the National Intelligencer for three months successively before the first Monday in December next, to give notice to his creditors to appear before the county court at the court house of said county, at 12 o'clock of the said first Monday in December next for the purpose of recommending a trustee for their benefit, on the said HENRY ADDISON CALLIS then and there taking the oath prescribed for the delivering up his property and to show cause if any they have why the said HENRY ADDISON CALLIS should not have the benefit of the several acts of Assembly for the relief of insolvent debtors. Given under my hand this 12th day of August 1803. JOHN GANTT. September 24—3m
Orphan's Court, Prince Georges county, July 19th 1803. IT being represented to this court by petition in writing of Robert McGill administrator of Benjamin Gaither late of said county, deceased, that in consequence of the absence of the deceased's representatives from the state of Maryland, and of doubts being entertained whether the said absent representatives are in existence or have left any issue to represent them, he cannot safely make distribution of the assets in his hands without the interposition of this court. It is therefore ordered, that unless the said absent representatives appear before the 20th day of January next to receive their respective dividends, that the court will then proceed to make distribution of the assets in the hands of the said Robert McGill , among the deceased's representatives residing in the state of Maryland; provided the said Robert McGill shall cause a copy of this order to be inserted in the National Intelligencer for a week for eight weeks before the 20th day of November next. Test, THUEMAN TYLER, Reg. of Wills for Prince George's county. August 29—4f
BANK OF COLUMBIA. THE President and Directors having this day declared a Dividend for the half year ending the 20th inst. at the rate of twenty per cent. per annum. The same will be paid to the stockholders or their representatives on or after Tuesday the 20th inst. WM. WILANN, Cashr. September 19—6m
WASHINGTON JOCKEY CLUB RACES. ON Tuesday the 26th day of October next, will be run for over the Washington Course, a Purse of Five Hundred Dollars , four miles and repeat—free for any horse, mare, or gelding. On Wednesday the 27th will be run for a Purse of Three Hundred and Fifty Dollars , three miles and repeat—free as above, the winning horse of the preceding day excepted—and On Thursday the 28th will be run for, a Purse of Two Hundred Dollars , two miles and repeat—free only for colts and fillies. Each race to be run and conducted agreeably to the rules of the Club. The Purse will probably be considerably larger than has been stated. The amount of each cannot be stated with positive certainty, because it is made up, in part, from the fees collected at the gates, and from the rent of the booths. SAMUEL ROOTES, Sec. George Town, August 31—3f
N.B. The members of the Club are particularly requested to meet at the Union Tavern, at 6 o'clock on the evening of the day preceding the first day's race, in conformity to a standing rule of the Club. N. B. District of Columbia, county of Alexandria. IN the case of Robert Brown James an insolvent debtor, late of the District aforesaid. Notice is hereby given to the several creditors of the said Robert Brown James , to bring in and exhibit to Colin Auld , trustee appointed for the benefit of the said creditors, their respective claims within five months from the 24th day of September 1803—and it is ordered, that notice of this order be published in the Alexandria Daily Gazette , and the National Intelligencer , once in each week, for three successive weeks. By order of the honorable Nicholas Fitzhugh , assistant judge of the Circuit Court of the district of Columbia and acting judge in the case of the discharge of the insolvent debtor, aforesaid. Witness my hand and seal this 24th September 1803. G. DENEALE, C. C. September 30—w3t
Washington and Alexandria Turnpike Company. THE Stockholders of the Washington and Alexandria Turnpike Company are hereby notified that the Third Installment of Ten Dollars on each share, is called for by the President and Directors of the said company, and is required to be paid to Charles Page , Treasurer in Alexandria, on or before the 25th day of October next, agreeable to an act of Congress, entitled "An act for the establishment of a Turnpike Company in the county of Alexandria, in the district of Columbia." By order of the Directors, G. DENEALE, President. September 23—13t
THE LAWYER, OR MAN AS HE OUGHT NOT TO BE, A TALE. Price One Dollar. The above highly interesting work is just published and may be had at J. March's Book-store , Georgetown. September 28—6t
NOTICE. WILL be exposed to Public Sale, on Friday the seventh day of October next, at eleven o'clock in the forenoon, at Mr. Rhode's Tavern , NEGRO SALLY and her Child, the property of the heirs of James R. Beirne , taken for taxes due to the Corporation of the City of Washington. Terms of Sale—Cash. HENRY WHETCROFT. Treasurer of Washington City September 30—3f
FOR SALE OR RENT. THE Hotel at present occupied by P. D. STILLE . The advantage of this situation are so well known, that it is useless to say more of it. It is convenient to the Capitol, is calculated for a large establishment, with stabling for 40 or 50 horses. The Bridge, rapidly progressing over the Potomac, with the turnpike road to Alexandria, also in great forwardness, will add to the many advantages this situation possesses. To a man qualified to carry on such an establishment, no situation can insure a more certain and rapid fortune. Occupation can be had any day before the first of October next. Apply to the subscriber, DANL. CARROLL of Dud'n Washington , August 3—ep10
FOX'S NEW HISTORICAL WORK. Just received from Philadelphia, the History of the Early Part of the Reign of James II. by the Right Hon. Charles James Fox , With an Appendix, containing the correspondence between Louis XIV. and M. Barillon on English affairs, and other original and important papers—Published by Birch & Smith , Philadelphia, and for sale by J. MILIGAN Georgetown, D. RAPINE and R. C. WERTHMAN , Washington city, and J. KENNEDY , sen. Alexandria Price in Boards 2 Dols. 50 Cents, and Bound 3 Dols. September 26—4t
Orphan's Court, Prince Georges county, July 19th, 1803. IT being represented to this court by Petition in writing of Robert McGill administrator of Benjamin Gaither late of said county, deceased, that in consequence of the absence of the deceased's representatives from the state of Maryland, and of doubts being entertained whether the said absent representatives are in existence or have left any issue to represent them, he cannot safely make distribution of the assets in his hands without the interposition of this court. It is therefore ordered, that unless the said absent representatives appear before this court on or before the 20th day of January next to receive their respective dividends, that the court will then proceed to make distribution of the assets in the hands of the said Robert McGill , among the deceased's representatives residing in the state of Maryland; provided the said Robert McGill shall cause a copy of this order to be inserted in the National Intelligencer for a week for eight weeks before the 20th day of November next. Test THUEMAN TYLER, Reg. of Wills for Prince George's county. August 19—w8t
NOTICE. PURSUANT to an act of the General Assembly of Maryland, passed at November session, 1806, entitled "An act authorizing the collection of certain ground rents due on lots in the Town of Cumberland, in Allegany county," and a supplement thereto, passed at November session, 1807, Public Notice is hereby given to all persons holding unproved lots in said town, on which ground rents are now due, that unless the said rents are paid on or before the first day of December next, the said lots will on that day be offered at public sale to the highest bidder, on a credit of 60 days. The sale to be held at Mr. J. King's tavern in said town, to commence at ten o'clock, A.M. and continue from day to day, until the whole are sold. THOMAS BEALL, of Saml. March 21—ep10
FIVE DOLLARS REWARD. STRAYED or stolen from the Common, of this city a Dark Sorrel HORSE , about 15 hands high, seven years old, a blaze on his forehead, has several marks on his back occasioned by the saddle. Had on when he was missed a lock and chain, and supposed to be marked by the chain, in case the lock should be taken off. The above reward will be given by the subscriber for returning said horse. MARY NEVITT. City of Washington, (Navy Yard) September 23—3t
Mr. JOHN RUST. Sir—Your not being a resident of this state, I take this public method of notifying you that I shall proceed to take sundry affidavits at Richmond court-house on the third day of October next, to be read as evidence in an injunction pending in the district Chancery court, held at Williamsburg, state of Virginia, wherein I am plaintiff and you are defendant. You will also take notice that I shall take affidavits to be read as evidence in the above mentioned injunction, at Westmoreland court house on the 5th day of October. PETER RUST , Richmond county state of Virginia. September 14—3w
I WILL REAT for the next year, several LARGE FARMS , situated on the Potomac in the state of Virginia , about 20 miles above this place. These Farms will all be seeded at the proper season with Wheat, and delivered up to the persons that rent on the first day of January next, or sooner if required— they will be shown to any persons desirous of renting by Mr. James Middleton , who resides at McCarty's island near them, or by the subscriber. JOHN W. BRONAUGH. George Town, August 31—4w
AMERICAN HEMP. THE Secretary of the Navy will receive until the 1st. November next, proposals for furnishing water rotted Hemp of the growth of the United States, to be delivered either at Portsmouth, N. H.; Boston; New London; New York; Philadelphia; Newcastle; Baltimore; Norfolk; Wilmington, N. C.; Charleston, S. C.; Savannah, Geo. or New Orleans. For well water rotted and well cleaned American Hemp, the Secretary of the Navy is disposed to allow a liberal price beyond the usual price of such Hemp when dew rotted. Navy Department, May 3—w1N
This is to give Notice THAT the subscriber, of Prince Georges County in the state of Maryland, hath obtained from the Orphans Court of Prince Georges Co. in Maryland, letters testamentary, on the personal estate of George Lee , late of Washington County in the district of Columbia, deceased. All persons having claims against the said deceased, are hereby warned to exhibit the same with the vouchers thereof, to the subscriber, on or before the ninth day of March next; they may otherwise by law be excluded from all benefit of the said estate. Given under my hand, this third day of September, in the year of our Lord eighteen hundred and eight. JOHN REED MAGRUDER, jun. Executor. Sept. 5—w6t
THIS IS TO GIVE NOTICE THAT the subscriber of Prince Georges county hath obtained from the Orphans Court of Prince Georges county in Maryland letters of administration on the Personal Estate of Isaac Magruder late of Prince Georges county, deceased. All persons having claims against the said deceased, are hereby warned to exhibit the same with the vouchers thereof to the subscriber at or before the 13th day of March next; they may otherwise by law be excluded from all benefit of the said estate. Given under our hands, this 13th day of September 1808. ANN MAGRUDER, THOS. MAGRUDER Administrators. September 14—w6t
PORT-TOBACCO JOCKEY CLUB RACES. WILL be run for, over the Port Tobacco Jockey Club Course, on the second Tuesday in October next, a Purse of three hundred and sixty dollars , four miles and repeat, free for any horse, mare, or gelding, and on the second day a Purse of two hundred dollars , two miles and repeat, the winning horse of the first days race only excepted. Weights agreeable to the rules of the club; and on the third day a handsome Saddle, Bridle, and Martingale , value Fifty dollars, one mile and repeat, by saddle horses. All horses must be entered with the Secretary on the evening previous to their running. WM. D. HARRISON, Sec. August 21—
A RUNAWAY. WAS committed to the jail of Washington county, in the state of Maryland, on the 7th inst. as a runaway, a negro man who calls himself TOM , alias Michael Thomas —says he belongs to Robert Loch , living between Winchester and Romey , Frederick county Virginia; he is about 5 feet 6 or 7 inches high, 21 or 22 years of age; had on when committed, a pair of blue corduroy ciserompan-talons, a tow shirt and an old beaver hat. His owner is desired to take him away or he will be sold for his jail fees, &c. according to law. ISAAC S. WHITE, Sheriff. September 26—3t
PROPOSAL. By JOSEPH MILLIGAN, George Town, For publishing by Subscription, ADELINE MOWBRAY; OR THE MOTHER & DAUGHTER. IN TWO VOLUMES. By MRS. OPIE.
CUSTOM, and perhaps propriety, have rendered it necessary to bespeak the favorable opinion of the public to a new book: but the writings of Mrs. Opie have long held such an undisputed claim to excellence, that nothing more seems necessary than to point out the leading object of the present very interesting tale, to recommend it to general patronage. Those who have attentively read the writings of Mr. Godwin , well know, that however correct his abstract notions, and however logical his deductions may be—still they are, in many instances, by no means suited to the actual state of society. His opinions on the matrimonial engagement would, if generally adopted, infallibly destroy those bonds which are at once the most efficacious restraint upon licentious passion, and the best, nay the only security for domestic happiness. To counteract his fatal theory appears to be the principal design of the work now offered—in which the characters are so well supported, the incidents arise so naturally from the situations in which they are placed, the reasoning is so perfectly just, the whole narrative so beautifully pathetic, and the impression which it is calculated to produce on every ingenuous mind, so favorable to the cause of morality, that the publisher confidently anticipates its meeting the same universal applause in this country which it obtained in England. CONDITIONS. To those who may subscribe before the first of October next, the price will be seventy cents per volume, in boards, after which it will be advanced to eighty-seven and a half cents per volume. August 12—coplm
FOR SALE. ON Monday the 10th of October next, if fair, if not the next fair day, I will offer at public sale, 368 acres of LAND, lying on St. Clement's Bay , and nearly between Chaptico and Leonardtown , handsomely situated on the said Bay, with a large and commodious Dwelling House with comfortable dry cellars, a convenient kitchen, dairy, meat house, corn house, stables, barn and every other necessary outhouse nearly new, and in good order—Eighty acres of the above land is heavily timbered with large white oak, cedar, and some pine—the situation perfectly healthy and within three miles of the river Potomac —fish, oysters, and wild fowl in abundance during the season, and to be had within 300 yards of the door; the soil fertile and a perfect level only whereon the houses stand. One half the purchase money will be required on the first day of January 1809, when possession will be given, and the balance a credit of twelve months will be given from the day of sale on giving bond with approved security. Sale to be on the premises, and to commence at 2 o'clock. JOHN BOND, St. Mary's county, August 24—3w.
Fresh Teas, Nutmegs, sugars, &c. W. & C. SMITH have just received by the Maria from New York, 6 Chests 20 Boxes } Fine Imperial Teas 100 Canisters } 25 Chests } 15 Boxes } Hyson Teas 100 Canisters } 20 Chests } 18 Half do. } Young Hyson Teas 30 Boxes } 1 Chests hyson skin do. 1 Case nutmegs and cloves. 52 Hhds. St. Croix sugars—part of them very first quality. 40 Bags best Martinique green coffee. 12 Bags Corks. 20 Small baskets best Marseilles refined olive oil. 10 Quarter casks London particular Teneriffe wine. Georgetown, June 20—2w1f.
By the Governor of the Commonwealth of Virginia. A PROCLAMATION.
WHEREAS it appears to the Executive by an inquisition held in the county of Northumberland, on the 21st day of September, in the year 1806, before John H. Fallon , esq. coroner for the said county, that on the 2nd day of the said month of September, in the year aforesaid, a certain GEORGE GORDON , late of the county aforesaid, stands charged with the murder of a certain negro slave, named Bartley ; and it appearing that after the perpetration of the said murder, the said George Gordon did immediately, and doth still fly from justice: I have therefore thought fit with the advice of the Council of State to issue this proclamation, hereby offering a reward of ONE HUNDRED DOLLARS to any person or persons who shall apprehend and convey before some justice of the peace for the said county of Northumberland, the said George Gordon , that he may be dealt with as the law directs. And I do moreover hereby enjoin all officers civil and military, and exhort the good people of the commonwealth, to use their best endeavors to apprehend and convey as aforesaid, the said George Gordon , that he may be dealt with in such manner as the law in such cases prescribes. Given under my hand, with the seal of the Commonwealth annexed, at L. S. Hammond , this 5th day of August, 1808. Signed WM. H. CABELL . If George Gordon is about five feet eight or ten inches high, is stout made, has light colored hair, blue eyes and a down look when spoken to. It is believed that he is frequently lurking in the county of St. Mary's, Maryland. August 15—2w
To holders of NON RESIDENT LANDS, within the state of OHIO.
WEL knowing that many gentlemen, non-residents of this state, and who own lands within it, and particularly those who hold it within the Virginia Military District , are subjected to many inconveniences and impositions by men in this state; and, upon a particular examination of the books in the Auditor's office , of this state, I discover that many gentlemen holding lands within the above mentioned district, have, from a non-payment of the taxes due thereon, subjected them to be sold for the taxes so due, by the collector of the taxes on non-resident proprietors' lands for said district. And it frequently happens that the purchaser at such sales will not relinquish his title to the original owner, under one-fourth of the real value of the land. From the circumstances above mentioned, and many more that might be recited of equal if not greater importance to land holders, I am now prompted to come forward and offer my services to such gentlemen, as an agent to superintend the payment of their taxes, the redeeming of their lands sold by the collector mentioned above; and also for the selling of any lands which they may wish to sell, which business I will transact on moderate terms; much more so than those on which many within the compass of my knowledge have their business of that nature transacted. Any gentleman who shall think proper to entrust to me the management of his business, may be well assured that entire justice will be done him. As I reside with the Auditor of this state, and have always access to his books, I have every opportunity of ascertaining the precise situation of any lands within the state, which are subject to taxation, and as I am not engaged in any land speculation, will have no inducement to withhold correct information. By an act of the last session of the legislature of this state, the rate of land tax was raised to the following rates, viz. First rate 100 cents, Second rate 75 cents, and Third rate 50 cents per 100 acres. And after the said act, all lands which are hereafter sold for the payment of taxes, may be redeemed by paying to the purchaser thereof, 100 per cent. and interest on the purchase money and costs: Provided such redemption shall take within one year after the purchase. All lands subjected to taxation within this state, & which shall not be paid between the first day of August past, and the first day of December next, will, as has always been customary, on that day, be offered for sale for the taxes due thereon. Any letters on the above business, postage paid, will be strictly attended to, by CADWALLADER WALLACE. Chillicothe, Ohio, Aug. 15—3w