The national intelligencer and Washington advertiser. (Washington City [D.C.]), 1802-11-15 00:00:00

NATIONAL INTELLIGENCER,
AND WASHINGTON ADVERTISER.
Vol. II.
WASHINGTON CITY, PRINTED BY SAMUEL HARRISON SMITH, PENNSYLVANIA AVENUE.
No. CCXIV.
FIVE DOLLS. PER ANN.
MONDAY, NOVEMBER 15th, 1802.
PAID IN ADVANCE.
FOR SALE OR RENT,
THAT elegant three story BRICK HOUSE, on the corner of Falls & Frederick street, in George Town, lately occupied by Mr. Picton.
Likewise,
THE two well finished three story BRICK HOUSES, adjoining that occupied by Mr. Samuel H. Smith, Printer, on the Pennsylvania Avenue, east of the centre Market House, City of Washington—Apply to GEORGE THOMPSON, George Town. Geo. Town, Oct. 20.
Advertisement.
On Thursday the 18th day of November, if fair, if not the next fair day, will be exposed to sale on the premises, in the Town of Alexandria, the following parcels of land, late the property of John Fitzgerald, deceased, sold pursuant to the directions of his will, for the payment of debts, to wit:
One parcel of land lying upon the East side of Union street, and to the North of Wilkes street, being a wharf or made ground upon which there is a Frame Warehouse, it will be sold altogether or laid off into convenient lots, to accommodate purchasers—the ground is subject to an annual rent of £9 17 6. One half of a Brewery, commonly called Wales's Brewery, with the necessary instruments and utensils for carrying on that business, and the ground appertaining to the Brewery; the whole of the Brewery is now under a lease at 600 dollars per annum. A piece of ground immediately joining on the Brewery, fronting on Water street and a twenty foot alley, extending on Water street above forty feet, and upon the alley 150 feet. A piece of ground fronting upon Wolfe and St. Asaph streets—this will be laid off into convenient lots. A piece of ground lying upon the South side of King street, fronting thereon upon 22 feet, and extending 82 feet to a 12 foot alley, upon which is erected a two story brick house and a frame warehouse.
On the same day, if there be a sufficient time after the sale of the above property, if not, on the next day will be exposed to sale—also on the premises, a small tract of land contiguous to the Town, containing 37 acres—this is subdivided and will be sold in small parcels, containing from four to six acres. The terms of sale are one fourth of the purchase money in hand, one fourth in six months, one fourth in twelve months, and the remainder in eighteen months; the latter payments to be secured by a trust upon the land, which will be conveyed to the purchaser on payment of the said fourth part of the purchase money.
Trustees, DICKENS, } Acting executors of JAS. KEITH, } J. Fitzgerald, dec. Alexandria, Oct. 22. ept8N.
City Hotel,
BROADWAY NEW-YORK.
THE Subscriber most respectfully informs his friends and the public, that the above Hotel will be opened on the first of May ensuing, when their patronage is earnestly solicited. He avails himself of this opportunity to return his sincere and grateful thanks to those societies, parties, and gentlemen, who have given him their support, and assures them that a continuance of their favors will be a stimulus to future exertions to please; and that the utmost attention shall be given for their comfort and accommodation.
Boarding may be had by the day, week, month, or year. Families travelling, may be elegantly accommodated with lodging and sitting rooms; and, if preferred, have dinners &c. in their apartments.
The Hotel being so well known, it is almost useless to say, that it is situated in one of the most healthy and pleasant parts of the city; commanding an extensive view in every direction, not only of the city itself, but also of the Narrows, the North and East Rivers, the State of New-Jersey, York and Long-Island, &c. &c.
A handsome coffee-room will be fitted up in the principal story; where gentlemen may have tea, coffee, chocolate, soups, and refreshments in general, at the shortest notice. All the leading newspapers in the union, will be regularly taken in.
Public dinners and suppers in a plain or elegant style either for large or small parties. Also, beef steaks, oysters, &c. regularly furnished. An ordinary every day at half past 2 o'clock, by the public's obedient servant,
JOHN LOVETT. N. B. Rooms to let by the month or year. April 21, 1802. eptf
CHARLES VARDEN,
MERCHANT TAYLOR from Philadelphia, Capitol Hill, New-Jersey Avenue. HAS received an assortment of summer goods consisting of the best superfine Cloths.
Cassimere, Silk Borraher, English Striped Nankeens, White India Dimities, White and printed Marcellas, With a variety of other articles suitable for the summer season.
N. B. Ladies Habits, Regimentals and Navy uniforms, made in the first style of fashion. July 2, 1802. eptf
L I M E.
JUST Received and for Sale by the Subscriber, a quantity of Rhode Island Lime.
M. CLEARY.
Thomas Carpenter, TAYLOR,
HAS just received an elegant and fashionable assortment of summer goods, consisting of London superfine cloths and cassimere; India, Manchester, and silk striped nankeens; cotton cassimere, boglepoor, Bengal elegant white chord for pantaloons, white and coloured marcellas, janes and satin croissers, silk ginghams, black and other coloured striped satins, &c. All which he will make up on the most reasonable terms, and in the most neat and fashionable manner—Pennsylvania Avenue, west of the President's square. May 24, 1802. eptf
The George Town and Annapolis STAGE,
WILL commence on the first Monday in October next to run three times a week; leave Annapolis every Monday, Wednesday and Friday, and return from George Town every Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday—Fare and allowance as usual.
JOSEPH SEMMES, JOHN SMITH. This is intended to accommodate such gentlemen and ladies as are going to and from Frederick and Hagerstown. October 11th, 1802. eptf
170,038 Acres of Land.
THIS body of land, in one entire and inclusive survey, is offered for sale to any individual or company, who may incline to purchase for the purposes of settlement and emigration. It is situated in the state of Virginia, on the Great Kanawha River, Montgomery county, and is distinguished by the name of "The Great Bent of the Kanawha," being intersected by the Piney river, Great and Little Bluecone rivers, Coal river, and uyandot river, as also by numerous other creeks and waters, running into said rivers. Numerous mill-sites, inexhaustible bodies of coal, and great appearances of ores, metals, salt springs and salt licks, are to be found on this tract, besides which, sugar may be made thereon to any amount, the sugar tree abounding in almost every part.
For fertility of soil, growth of timber, fitness for cultivation, salubrity of climate, and natural advantages, this body of land stands unrivaled by any tract of equal quantity in Western America; it will be submitted for sale to an entire purchaser, until the first day of June next, on very advantageous terms; after which, it cannot be disposed of at any price, the present proprietor being compelled to a division thereof. An indisputable title will be given, and for further particulars, as to terms of sale and payment, enquire of JOHN BECKLEY, Esq. Clerk to the House of Representatives of the United States, at the city of Washington. November 1, 1802. eptf
TO RENT,
And possession given immediately,
A TWO STORY brick house on F Street near the War Office, containing two parlors, six bed rooms, and a kitchen, with an excellent garden, coach house, stable, &c. The house is newly painted and papered; it was formerly occupied by Mr. Dexter, and lately by Mr. John Brown. Enquire of Clement Dorsey, Esq. George-Town; or of the subscriber, who has for sale a well finished three story brick house opposite the Six Buildings, and a variety of City Lots in the most eligible situations. The above House will be sold for less than any gentleman could build it. The payments will be made easy on the whole of the above property. WILLIAM DYER. April 7, 1802. eptf
Building Materials will be taken in part payment. W.D.
ADVERTISEMENT.
By virtue of a Deed of Trust from OWNERS RENTERS to the Subscriber, will be exposed to Sale, for ready money, on the Premises, on Wednesday the 18th day of November, if fair, if not, then the next fair day.
ONE half of that LOT OF GROUND in the city of Washington, lying in square No. 256, and designated in that square by the No. 10; the moiety intended to be sold fronts upon the open area on the Pennsylvania Avenue, and joins upon the lot No. 11 in that square, has a front of 24 feet 2 inches and an half, and 93 feet 5 inches deep; upon it is erected a frame Dwelling House. JAMES KEITH, Trustee. Oct. 15. ept8N.
PUBLIC SALE.
IN Pursuance of a second order of the Orphans Court for the County of Washington, in the District of Columbia will be exposed to public Sale, on Thursday the 25th day of November, at ten o'clock in the morning, at the corner of South E. Street and New-Jersey Avenue, in the City of Washington.
ALL the personal property of JASPER DE CARNAP, late of the City of Washington, deceased, which remained unsold at the Sale in June last—Consisting principally of Household Furniture—Also, one Negro Girl about 13 years of age, who has been accustomed to Horse work. Terms of Sale Cash. HENRY INGLE, Adminr. ERIZABETH DE CARNAP, Admtx. Nov. 3. ept25N.
From the MONTHLY MAGAZINE.—1802.
BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS
OF THE LATE
DR. DARWIN.
(CONCLUDED.)
II. As a PHILOSOPHICAL AGRICULTOR,
Dr. Darwin must ever be entitled to the highest consideration; in order to profit by the multitudinous experiments of Hales, Grew, Mulhens, Bonnet, Du Hamel, Bullon, Spallanzani, Priestly, &c. collected in the Phytologia , it is not necessary to take possession of the air-built theory of vegetation which is there constructed, and securely inhabit it as an edifice whose solidity is equal to its elegance. Whether the analogy is in fact so close between the parts and functions of animal and vegetable beings; whether the anatomy of the one so suitably corresponds with that of the other, as to induce a belief that the latter are in reality an inferior order of the former, possessed of a brain, uterus, muscles, and complete nervous system, is an inquiry, which, however curious, must surely be subordinate, otherwise than as it may possibly lead to a more successful culture of those vegetable products which immediately or remotely are essential to the subsistence of man. And this does not always appear to be the case: whether the ascent of sap is owing to capillary attraction, facilitated by an expansion of the gaseous fluids, or to certain irritative motions of the absorbent—whether the spiral vessels of a vine are in fact, the bronchia of Malpighi and Grew, or the nurture bearing absorbents of Darwin—whether the motions of the Dionaea Muscipula , the Mimosa , the Hedysarum gyrans , &c. are the exertion of a muscular power, or the effect of some external excitement acting on an irritable organ—whether, as the leaves of vegetables are supposed to serve them as lungs, to the coal or petals of a flower are to be considered as a pulmonary organ belonging to the "anatomical parts," the anthers, and the stigmas—and whether the leaves of both are furnished with a venous and arterial apparatus the one distributed over the upper surface, exposing its contents under a thin moist pellicle to the action of the light and air; the other receiving them thus oxygenated, and conducting them on the under surface to the leaf-bud in the one case, and to the anthers and stigmas in the other—these, and many other similar questions, however curious in themselves, and whatever physiological skill and delicate analogies may be displayed in the investigation of them, must, as before observed, be ever considered as subordinate in comparison with those grand and indispensable discoveries which the application of chemistry to agriculture has brought to light.
Comparatively speaking,
therefore, a small portion only of the Phytologia is devoted to that fanciful system of vegetable physiology in the illustration of which Dr. Darwin has displayed such a wantonness of conjecture, and apparently such a waste of ingenuity.
The second part of the Phytologia
treats on the economy of vegetation:
the first section is a very elaborate and
interesting one on the growth of seeds,
buds, and bulbs; in which a curious
analogy, interspersed with much useful
matter, is instituted between animal and
vegetable propagation. A very important
chapter succeeds on "Manures;"
this subject had already been treated
by Mr. Kirwan, and the Earl of Dun-
donald, in a very masterly manner, but
was not exhausted. The question which
Dr. Darwin first asks himself is,—What
is the food of vegetables? The em-
bryon plant in the seed or fruit is surrounded
with saccharine, mucilaginous, and
oily materials, like the animal fetus in
the egg or uterus, which it absorbs and
converts into nutriment: the embryon
buds in deciduous trees are supplied with
a saccharine and mucilaginous juice by
the roots or sap-wood of their parent
trees. Adult plants, having no stomach
enabling them to decompose by a chemical
process either animal or vegetable
substances, must wait for that decompo-
sition which is continually going on in
those soils and climates, and those sea-
sons of the year which are most friendly
to vegetation. For the purpose of
supplying adult vegetables with a larger
portion of nourishment than they could
obtain without our assistance, the philo-
sophical agricultor first considers what
kinds of matter are most prevalent, or
most necessary in their composition: se-
condly, what of these substances they
can absorb without previous decompo-
sition; and lastly, how to expedite that
process when it becomes necessary. A
valuable section succeeds on draining and
watering lands; here some useful hints
are thrown out for detecting the situation of springs, and for conveying away the water from those plains and morasses where there is no obvious channel for its escape: the benefits of flooding land enlarged on; some necessary cautions introduced respecting the process, and suggestions made for the extension of the practice, not only by taking advantage of the natural falls of brooks and springs, and by occasionally damming them up to supply higher situations, but by the use of various machinery.
A section on the aeration and pulverization of the soil succeeds, in which the uses of fallowing are philosophically estimated, and the management of the wheat crop enlarged on. The transplantation of wheat is here recommended in a very unqualified manner; we have ourselves tried it, on a scale of between four and five acres, with complete success.
The succeeding section treats on light, heat and electricity: under the last of these three heads one cannot but smile at the "profitable application of electricity," which is intimated to the gardener of the agricultor, as the oxygen of hydrogen gasses may exist in the summer atmosphere in a state of mixture, but not of combination, and as the electric spark or flash of lightning may combine them and produce water instantaneously, "it is probable that in dry seasons the erection of numerous metallic points on the surface of the ground, but a few feet high, might in the night time contribute to precipitate the dew by facilitating the passage of electricity from the air into the earth; and that an erection of such points higher in the air, by means of wires wrapped round tall rods, like angle rods, or elevated on buildings, might frequently precipitate showers from the higher part of the atmosphere." An interesting and valuable section on the diseases of plants, concludes the second part; these diseases are divided into those which appear to originate from internal causes, those from the external elements, and those from the nidification or depredations of insects: to which is added, the destruction by vermin. Under the third head is given a very curious account of the aphids, together with various methods for destroying it; and the ingenious one is suggested of propagating its greatest enemy, the larva of the aphidivorous fly, and thus devouring one insect by the means of another.
The third part of the Phytologia , on agriculture and horticulture, is divided into six sections, the first treats on the production of fruits; in which the four methods are enlarged on of procuring fruit trees for the purpose of horticulture, by seeds, by rootcuttings, by planted scions, and ingrained scions: the author next proceeds to show how a tree may be necessitated to increase the number of flower-buds, in preference to its leaf buds. The means of perfecting, enlarging, and preserving fruit, are then severally insisted on. The important subject of the production of seeds, occupies the next section; in which rules are laid down for producing them early, and in great quantity—for ripening them—for generating the best kinds—for collecting good seeds, and determining their goodness—for the preservation of seeds, and for sowing them advantageously. The two next sections treat, one on the production of roots and barks, and the other on the production of leaves and wood; and the last contains a plan for disposing part of the vegetable system of Linnaeus into more natural classes and orders. The plan here suggested, of adopting the situations, proportions or forms, with or without the numbers of the sexual organs, as criterions of the order and classes, are well worth the attention of botanists. While the number of stamina and pistilla are subject to variation, both from luxuriant & deficient growth, implicit confidence cannot be placed on that alone, as indicative either of an order or class. As the proportions and figures and purposes of the stamina and pistilla are immutable, Dr. Darwin imagines they would form a preferable standard, both for classical and ordinal arrangement.
But it is time that we should consider Dr. Darwin in his third character, namely, as a Poet. Dr. Darwin lately said to a friend, that in his poetical works his great aim was to present an object to meet the eye, and that he was not anxious to touch the heart. A more severe criticism could scarcely have been pronounced: there is, notwithstanding, a fullness in the remark which is not to be disputed, and we are happy that himself has relieved us from the pain of making it. It must be observed, however, in mitigation of the censure, that a Didactic Poem, and as such we must consider the "Botanic Garden," is rather
addressed to the understanding than the heart: it is not to be expected that we should be fired at the description of an ardent stamen , or melt with sympathy at a languishing pistillum : where the author's own feelings were excited, he fails not to touch a corresponding chord. If an imagination of unrivalled richness—a felicity of allusion to whatever can throw lustre on his subject—to ancient mythologies and modern discoveries—to the works of nature and of art; if these are some of the essentials of poetry, Dr. Darwin may certainly claim them as his own. No man, perhaps, was ever happier in the selection and composition of his epithets, had a more imperial command of words, or could elucidate with such accuracy and elegance the most complex and intricate machinery.
Who but Dr. Darwin would have thought of describing a porcelain manufactory in verse; the enormous powers and curious construction of a steam engine; the delicate mechanism of a watch; and the infinite complexity of a cotton-mill? These and many similar descriptions to be found in the "Botanic Garden," are inimitable in their way; and that they do not "touch the heart," is attributable to the subject, and not the poet: the sweet simple music of an old Scotch air is infinitely more affecting than the rapid complex movements of a modern concerto; but a vagrant minstrel could compose the melody of the one, though it requires the scientific hand of a master to combine the various harmony of the other.
After all, we are quite ready to acknowledge that Dr. Darwin is not a poet who stands very high in our estimation; the ear is fascinated and seduced by the mellifluousness of his numbers, but there is a hardness in his embellishments which is to us unpleasing. His cadences are not sufficiently varied for a poem of such length as the "Botanic Garden;" indeed there is an evident mechanism in the construction of his lines, which it is by no means pleasant to detect; one half of the verse is frequently a perfect equi-poise to the other. We are even so fastidious and delicate as to be cloyed with the uniform sweetness of his versification; the current of Dr. Darwin's poetry is untroubled and serene; its surface smooth and polished—"Still as the sea ere winds were taught to blow;" but oftentimes we would gladly transport ourselves to where
"The rich stream of musie winds along, Deep, majestic, smooth, and strong."
Dr. Darwin is peculiarly happy in some of his minor effusions: the beautiful little song "to May," is exquisitely finished; and it would be difficult to find thirty lines in the "Botanic Garden," to rival in dignity and pathos the "Address to Swilcar's Oak," introduced in the Phytologia , XVIII. 2. 16.
There is a noble and indignant eloquence poured forth in the translation of a few lines from the eighth satire of Juvenal ( Stemmata quid faciunt, &c. See Zoon. Vol. II. class iii. 1. 2. ) which seems to flow immediately from the heart. These (particularly the two last) and some detached passages in the "Botanic Garden," possess a chasteness and simplicity of colouring, the want of which can never be compensated by the temporary lustre of any varnish: it is this artificial gloss, the too lavish use of this deceitful varnish, which displeases us in the poetry of Dr. Darwin. As a prose writer, Dr. Darwin was incorrect: his grammatical errors are numerous. He was even deficient in orthography; his faults in spelling were sometimes corrected by his son the attorney. He gave early evidence of a poetical genius and a philosophical turn of mind; whilst he held the appointment of Lord Exeter's scholarship, he distinguished himself by his poetical exercises, and acquired an uncommon facility in the composition of them. In the year 1758, he published in vol. L. of the Philosophical Transactions , "an attempt to confute the opinion of Henry Earl, concerning the ascent of vapour;" and "an account of the cure of a periodical hæmoptoe, by keeping the patient awake." This was followed by "Experiments on Animal Fluids in the exhausted Receiver."
Dr. Darwin printed in the Derby Mercury , an elegy written at Matlock, and addressed to Mrs. Darwin; another piece was inserted in the same paper, occasioned by the appearance of a most fatal distemper amongst horned cattle at Calke, near Derby. It consisted of instructions to give an immediate stop to its rapid and alarming progress. A third article was
* These and some other peculiarities were admirably imitated in the "Loves of the Triangles," a parody which appeared in the Anti-jacobin .

written on occasion of the earthquake which several years ago was at Derby, and in the following year, in the year 1782, the Botanical Society of Litchfield published a translation of Linnaeus's Systema Vegetabilium, the execution of which was principally confided to Dr. Darwin one of its two principal members. The doctor's other works have already been mentioned in the course of this biographical sketch. He has left a poem entitled "The Shrine of Nature;" which is now in the Press, and will shortly be published.
Next to Medicine, Mechanics and almost every branch of Natural History engaged his attention. He not only pursued these studies with great ardor and diligence himself, but also embraced every opportunity of cultivating and encouraging them amongst his numerous connections and acquaintance. Very soon after he settled in Derby, he instituted and established a philosophical society and library, both of which were in a flourishing condition at the time of his decease. The society, of which he was President, consists of members who reside in different parts of Nottinghamshire, Derbyshire, and Leicestershire. He also took pleasure in encouraging works in natural history.
But though the learning, taste, and genius of Dr. Darwin were eminently displayed in these pursuits, yet there was one great end, to the attainment of which all his talents and views were earnestly and uniformly directed. He did not hesitate openly and repeatedly to declare in public company, that the acquisition of wealth was the leading object of all his literary and takings! He once said to a friend, "I have gained 9000 by my Botanic Garden, and 9000 by the first volume of Zoonomia; and if I can every other year produce a work which will yield this sum, I shall do very well." He added; "Money and not fame is the object which I have in view, in all my publications."
But Dr. Darwin was by no means insensible to the value of reputation. During the last years of his life, the love of fame was a passion which had great power over his mind—and the instance of praise was so very pleasant to him, that flattery was found to be the most successful means of gaining his notice and favor.
The conversation of Dr. Darwin, abounded with very unequal sallies of wit; when he found himself engaged with a powerful antagonist, in argument, he had a most complete resource to ridicule, a weapon which he did not always handle with dexterity, for he was affected with an impediment in his speech, which rendered his enunciation scarcely intelligible.
There are reasons for suspecting that Dr. Darwin was not a believer in Divine Revelation; but a belief is a matter of necessity, not choice. The religion of a man is a private affair between himself and his Maker; we have nothing to do with it. A few days before his death, a gentleman to whom we are indebted for the materials of a considerable portion of these memoirs, endeavoured to discover whether he entertained a belief and expectation of a future state of existence; the doctor was observed to speak with a considerable degree of sedateness on the subject and remarked, that it was natural to extend our wishes and views beyond the present scene, and that it was right to pursue such measures as are likely to secure our happiness in another world; "but," he added, "let us not hear any thing about hell."
In the foregoing sketch, the intention has been merely to state a few plain facts; the excellencies of Dr. Darwin have been noticed, and his errors exposed, with equal openness; biographers, like jurymen, should deliver a verdict according to the evidence, uninfluenced by fear, favor, or affection.
THORNS FOR HEDGES.
The Subscriber has for sale, and now ready for delivery, at his nursery near the Little Falls of Potomac, a few thousand of each of the following sizes of the native White Thorn of America, and at the rate annexed to each for per thousand viz.
 Seedlings, small, at 3 dollars.  Do. of a larger size, and suitable, without being transplanted in a nursery, to form a hedge in a clean rich soil, 5 dollars.  Transplanted Thorns, 6 dollars.  Do. all beautiful plants, 7 dollars.  Do. Very large, with thick stems and excellent roots, particularly adapted to make a quick fence for a garden or small lot, or where smaller plants would be more liable to be injured, 8 dollars. 
It may perhaps be, as yet, premature to recommend this mode of fencing to general attention, until its advantages are more completely demonstrated by full experience; for however well adapted it may be to the necessities, the soil, climate, and rural economy of this part of America, it is here an infant art, and will require time to overcome the difficulty of the timid cultivator. But to those who are already convinced of its superior efficacy, cheapness, neatness and beauty, and who are willing to bestow that proportion of care and attention which is absolutely indispensable for the protection and culture of the young hedges the subscriber will be happy to furnish plants and to give the best information in his power upon the subject.
Purchasers in the neighbourhood he can accommodate with a labourer who understands the planting &c. and who for reasonable wages will perform the work.
NB. The Fall, or in the open weather in the winter season, is the best time for planting particularly on a dry soil.
THOMAS MAIN. November 13th.
FOR THE NATIONAL INTELLIGENCER.
CATO, No. VI.
MR. SMITH, Have the present administration incurred the least possible taxation and expense?
THEY HAVE. And this single act will speak louder than all the trumpets of delamination that are sounded against them. Taxes, unnecessary, odious, and oppressive, have been taken off. Expenses that originated in folly, or were the offspring of that system of patronage which legalised bribery, and gave the government a support distinct from, and often opposed to the interests and wishes of the people, have been reduced in one year to the amount of more than a million of dollars.
The reductions made have been of two kinds. First—Of expenditures which are casual or temporary, and which ought not to be brought into the estimate in ascertaining our yearly burdens, or in forming an opinion of the different systems contended for. Of these are the erecting and repairing fortifications. The appropriations for the support of seamen, and the like. The expenditures of this kind for the current year have been lessened about one hundred and sixty thousand dollars.
Second—Those expenses which, according to the late system of politics were permanent and annual, and may be fairly taken into view, to determine which political party is best entitled to national confidence.
Of these expenditures, from the peace establishment of the late administration, the following reductions have been made by the Executive and by Congress at its last session.
  By the Executive in reducing various offices whose existence depended on his will, & other economical arrangements made before the session of Congress, was effected an annual saving of 161,695 91   By a further reduction of the marine corps just ordered with a view to pay only those who are actively employed, has been procured a further saving of 39,000   By Congress—by reducing a part of the army 522,000   By reducing a part of the navy 200,000   By repealing the whole system of internal taxation, there has been saved to the people out of the fees of the excise officers 135,000 dollars, over and above the sum necessary to defray the collections of imposts to an amount equal to the whole revenue derived from internal taxation; it being the difference between the expenses of the two systems 135,000   By abolishing the late judicial system and establishing the former system 33,000   By reducing the commission of the collectors of customs, say 17,000   Total amount of Dollars. 1,107,695 91 
Annual savings one million, one hundred and seven thousand six hundred and ninety-five dollars and ninety-one cents."
Whence this rigid economy? This scrupulous saving of public money? This sacred regard to a faithful stewardship?
It is owing, say the enemies of the administration, to a love of popularity; and this is a disgraceful motive unworthy of enlightened statesmen! Let us examine this imputation. What is the love of popularity? Is it criminal or virtuous? This depends upon circumstances. It is sometimes the vice, and sometimes the other. When popularity is prized as the reward of disinterested and distinguished public services, when it recompenses the performance of rare and arduous duties, it is dear, and ought to be dear, to the heart of every good man. The esteem of our fellow men is the most precious addition that can be made to the reward of an upright conscience. Nor does that man live, whose happiness is not increased by the esteem of others.
In the present case the motive is disputed. Let us look at actions. They may assist our research. The administration have the annual expenditure of a million. To this extent taxation is diminished. This, in itself, abstractedly considered, is a great national blessing. One million of dollars, heretofore consumed by public agents, is returned to the use of individual enterprise. The effect is precisely this. The labours of public agents are altogether unproductive. They do not add even a blade of grass to the mass of consumable matter. Further, the agents themselves consume as much of that which is produced by the labour of others, as if they contributed their full quota. Hence labour to a vast amount is annually lost to the community by their exemption from that kind of employment which adds to the stock of consumable articles.
But further—They consume as much
as if they laboured in the common vineyard. Nay more. For it is an undoubted fact, that while those who themselves labour consume the least, those who live on the labour of others consume the most, and in general from double to ten times the amount of the former. It is not possible, in this casual view, to attain precision; but we may be certain that the loss is at least equal to the first million above stated, which, added to the one million, forms the aggregate of two millions annually saved to the people. The saving is the same as if so much money was distributed among the people, in addition to what they now hold. This is well understood. The meanest apprehension knows that a saving is equal to a gain.
It is said, however, that these retrenchments are premature. That the government requires all its old resources to defend the country and to pay off the national debt. But if the country is as well defended now as it ever was, and if the national debt is in progress to discharge more rapid than at the period when a former administration borrowed eight millions, at the exorbitant interest of 8 per cent, which the present administration is now paying without the aid of any loans, if every demand on the government is paid as soon as settled, if the stocks are higher than they ever have been since the era of bubbles and scrip, can any mind, not infatuated to delusion with the prejudices of party, withhold its approbation of measures which have produced such effects?
The measures are in themselves correct, they are productive of great national benefits, while they are productive of no injury. If it be the inevitable tendency of such measures to render their authors unpopular, does not such popularity carry the strongest external proof of the goodness of the motives in which they originated.
Let us, for a moment, reverse the picture. Though it is incumbent on the calumniators of the administration unequivocally to show, by direct and positive proof; not by implication (for all implication is against them) that these measures, productive of so much national benefit, flowed from corrupt intentions—Yet, for a moment, let us cloach ourselves with all their prejudices, and torture our invention for the darkest motives that can be assigned. In doing this, all that I ask, is not to consider the present rulers as fools. Infamous as is the destruction heaped upon them, it has never made this charge. It is allowed then, that in their measures they have rational objects.
These corrupt rulers then have destroyed at one blow one thousand holders, and a greater than a relative proportion of officers. By this they have saved half a million of dollars. Have they pocketed the money themselves, or even kept it in the Treasury to squander on favourites or favourite measures? This would have been corrupt. No. They have removed a weight of equivalent taxation, and with this the instrument of corruption is gone. Has the disbanded army, the wandering private and the clamorous officer, been hereby converted into the friends of those who dismissed them? If such had been the intention of rulers, it would have implied sinister purpose. But so far from this being the case, these men have become the most violent of detractors. This effect was anticipated. There was not a child in the country, who had not sense enough to convince him that this would be the case. Does it bespeak corruption in rulers, when they dismiss a host of dependants, whose tongues in peace, no less than their arms in war, are ever ready to support and defend their good masters? In the room of this left patronage what remains? The good opinion of the people. Nothing else under heaven; and is it treason in a republican government to possess this? Yes, fellow-citizens, it is treason to federal policy, that always viewing the people as its enemy, because it is their enemy, is equally hostile to the people and their friends.
These remarks apply with the same strength to the reduction of the navy, to the demolition of that mighty host of federal power created under the wing of the internal taxes, composed of 500 officers, to the abolition of the political courts of the United States, to the reduction of the commissions paid to collectors of customs, to the diminution of the marine corps, and to every other item of the new economical system. By all of them the administration has lost instruments of sinister purpose, if entertained by them, instruments that, independent of, perhaps in opposition to the public voice, would have sustained all its measures. By all of them, the administration has lost every thing, to which it can look for support, but the confidence of the nation. With this, however it may laugh at the frowns, and gather strength from the storms of faction.
CATO.
NOW LANDING.
FOR SALE. On Messrs. R. & G. Barry's Wharf. TEN bds. Molasses, twenty barrels brown. Sugar, two thousand pounds of the green Coffee, fifteen hundred pounds of Carroll's best Petersburg chewing Tobacco, in small kegs, and a few excellent Cheeses—Also, soap and a few casks of low priced Tea. Apply to the Subscriber near the 20 Building. R. FRAZER. Oct. 18.
WASHINGTON CITY.
MONDAY, November 15, 1802.
Appointment by the President.
GABRIEL DUVAL, Comptroller of the Treasury, in the room of John Steele, resigned.
The following are the votes given in the legislature of Maryland for the Council. The first five are elected, and are republican.
  F. Digges 53   A. B. Ducket 52   Edward Hall 52   R. Gheildin 52   D. Davis 50   Th. Buchanan 25   Abraham Shaff 26   John Davidson 24   S. Rideout 23   John Gibson 23 
MASSACHUSETTS ELECTION
For Representatives in Congress. In Middlesex, J. B. Varnum, republican, in 4 towns out of 33, has 341 votes, and T. Bigelow, federal, 208 votes.
In Norfolk, E. Seaver, republican, in 11 towns out of 25, has 704 votes, and O. Everett, federal, 360 votes.
In Plymouth, I. Mitchell, federal, has 1400 votes, and H. Warren, 1002 votes.
In Bristol, P. Bishop, republican, in 10 towns out of 14, has 1116 votes, and L. Wheaton, federal, 674 votes.
In Worcester South, S. Hallings, federal, in 18 towns out of 23, has 1138 votes, and Mr. Bangs, republican, 705 votes.
In Worcester North, W. Stedman, federal, in 13 towns out of 27, has 922 votes, and Mr. Whiting, republican, 233 votes.
Of the 17 Representatives, it is ascertained that five republicans, and three federalists, are elected.
It is probable that eight or nine republicans will be elected.
NEW JERSEY LEGISLATURE.
Mr. Frelinghuysen from the committee of elections, reported, that they have heard and considered the testimony offered in support of the petition against the election of Gloucester county, and are unanimously of opinion, that the same was conducted with fairness and impartiality, and that the petition ought to be dismissed.
Which report was read and agreed to.
The votes in the legislature of Connecticut for Senator U. S. were for Mr. Hillhouse 127—Mr. Kirby 53, and 3 scatterings.
The Parliament of England is summoned to meet a Westminster on the sixteenth day of November.
Extract of a letter from a respectable house in Paris, under date 15th September, 1802.
"There is every appearance of American claims being settled one way or another, and that before a long time elapses. I am assured that, some for the years 3, 4, and 5, have been offered 50 per cent. for by speculators—and enquiry has been made of myself, if I had any to sell. On these conditions, I have given in to be liquidated all I had in this way, and expect to be funded at 5 per cent. per year. I have for about 100,000 livres worth of General Le Clerc's bills on this government.—I am promised payment in the most positive manner; they fall due the day after to-morrow."
Yesterday arrived brig Samuel, Captain Tubbs, from Malaga, which he left the 2d of October, and on the 3d, off the rock of Gibraltar, spoke the United States frigate Adams, on a cruise, all well.
New-York, November 8.
We this morning received London papers to the evening of the 24th of September, by the ship Juliana capt. Brown, in 40 days passage. Their most interesting contents will be found in this day's paper. Lloyd's list to the 24th, and Prices Current to the 21st, are also received.
An article from Leghorn mentions that the American squadron which blockaded Tripoli, having attempted a landing with two thousand men, were completely defeated. We totally distrust this report, as the whole of the crews of the squadron most probably did not exceed that number. A small force landing for provisions was probably harassed or surrounded, and to no further extent is the rumour to be credited.
From the Aurora.
The United States bank shares have been a subject of much mistake and of some groundless uneasiness. It has been asserted, that the sale was injudiciously effected. Suppose Pennsylvania had adopted the plan of a new Improvement Bank: Would the United States bank stock have fallen or risen? Suppose the quarrels about German indemnities
or about the division of Turkey, had brought on a new war. All or any of these things would have affected our bank stock and public flocks. The flocks might have been rendered slow, and difficult, and even impossible at so great an advance upon the cult. There may have been many things unfavorable to our flocks and banks, known to the cabinet ministers of the general government, which may have influenced the secretary of the treasury.
The sum sold was a vast one. No American purchaser or company would or could buy so great a number of shares at once, in the most plentiful state of money matters. But it would be more difficult in the midst of the embarrassments among trading men on the late sudden peace. The farmers never could command money for such great purchases, and the general fall of produce has made money more scarce among them than in 1801.—Besides, if so much stock had been brought for sale at once in America, it would have lowered the price instantly. Had the secretary openly and publicly offered to sell, the very knowledge that he was going to dispose of such a vast sum would have made every body hold back, and the bank stock would have fallen greatly in the market, to the injury of the United States, and of all private holders. The foreigners would then have got our bank stocks at very low prices. There would then have been a great clamor against the secretary, that he could not keep his own secrets till he had made his bargain—But this is not all. The object of the sale was to raise a large sum of money to pay debts in Europe. Had Mr. Gallatin gone into the market to buy bills of exchange, to so great an amount, he must have raised bills as much as he must have lowered bank stocks. When bills are raised on the merchants by the public, it is a great injury to them, and they raise the prices of goods upon the people. All this would have been put upon the shoulders of the secretary. It would have been justly said, that he had raised the prices of our clothing and of all kinds of European goods. The importers of dry goods and the wearers and consumers of dry goods would all have had cause to complain. By selling to a great European concern (which unites the Dutch Hopes & Co. and the English Barings, and a number of their European and American connections) and by stipulating, pay in bills at par (or without the least advance or premium) it is clear and certain, that the secretary has avoided a great reduction of the price of bank stocks and a great advance in the price of bills.
It is probable that good safe bills could not have been bought to such an amount in America at one moment in addition to the necessary demands of the merchants. If a large sum of bills had proved bad, what would have been said of the federal government? This vast risk (always great risk on a sudden peace) has been avoided, and every merchant knows it to be no pretence. In these times of unbounded enterprise and speculation, merchants and bill drawers of the greatest credit fail monthly in every country. Had the bills proved bad, the public credit of the U. States, never so high as in the time of the present administration, must have been deeply wounded by the consequent failure to discharge the interest of the due part of the principal of the Dutch loans.
There is another consideration of some importance, in this case. The government of the United States, by ceasing to be interested in the bank, leaves the institution in a more safe situation. There is no bottom so pleasing or so solid for a bank, as numerous private or individual stock holders. Most of the banks, which have been injured or ruined in Europe, have suffered from their too great connections with the governments, which from their vast shares and influence led them astray. The stock holders of the bank of the United States, and of all other American banks are under real obligations to Mr. Gallatin for so managing this great and important transaction as to keep up and help to produce the present high price of bank shares. Every man of judgment knows this to be true; and every candid man will acknowledge it with pleasure. It will be found, that the republican administrations of the union and of the states have served the cause of property, both public and private, by their economy, by good management, and by its steady defence.
NECKER.
FOR RENT,
SEVERAL Houses in New Jersey Avenue, well calculated for Boarding Houses and private families.
Wm. BRENT, Atty. for Thomas Law, Esq. Sept. 29, 1802. capt. D.
FOR SALE.
Stock and Common Bricks, Scantling, Firewood, Slate, Coals. Apply to JAMES O'BRIEN, Carrollburg. Oct. 29. epam.
WANTED,
TWO ROOMS, genteelly furnished, with the use of a Kitchen and Kitchen Furniture. Apply to THOS. DUNN. City of Washington, Nov. 12. straw

THOMAS PAINE, TO THE CITIZENS OF THE UNITED STATES.
LETTER THE FIRST. AFTER an absence of almost fifteen years, I am again returned to the Country in whole dangers I bore my share, and to whose greatness I contributed my part.
When I sailed for Europe in the spring of 1787 it was my intention to return to America the next year, and enjoy, in retirement, the esteem of my friends and the repose I was entitled to. I had flood out the form of one revolution and had no will to embark in another. But other scenes and circumstances than those of contemplation were allotted me. The French revolution was beginning to germinate when I arrived in France. The principles of it were good, they were copied from America, and the men who conducted it were honest. But the fury of faction soon extinguished the one, and sent the other to the scaffold. Of those who began that revolution I am almost the only survivor, and that through a thousand dangers. I owe this, not to the prayers of priests, nor the piety of hypocrites, but to the continued protection of Providence.
But while I beheld with pleasure the dawn of liberty rising in Europe, I saw, with regret, the failure of it lading in America. In less than two years from the time of my departure some distant symptoms painfully suggested the idea that the principles of the revolution were expiring on the soil that produced them. I received, at that time, a letter from a female literary correspondent, and in my answer to her I expressed my fears on that head in the following pensive soliloquy.
"You touch me on a very tender point when you say, that my friends on your side the water cannot be reconciled to the idea of my abandoning America even for my native England. They are right. I had rather see my home Button eating the grass of Horse-dentons or Moricane than see all the pomp and show of Europe. A thousand years hence, for I must indulge a few thoughts, perhaps in less, America may be what Europe is now. The innocence of her character, that won the hearts of all nations in her favour, may found like a romance, and her inimitable virtue as it had never been. The ruins of that liberty for which thousands bled may just furnish materials for a village tale, or extort a sigh from rustic sensibility; whilst the fashionable of that day, developed in dissipation, shall deride the principle and deny the fact."
"When we contemplate the fall of Empires, and the extinction of the nations of the ancient world, we see but little more to excite our regret than the moulderings ruins of pompous palaces, magnificent monuments, lofty pyramids, and walls and towers of the most costly workmanship: but when the empire of America shall fall, the subject for contemplative sorrow will be infinitely greater than crumbling brass or marble can inspire. It will not then be said here stood a temple of vast antiquity, here rose a babel of invisible height, or there a palace of sumptuous extravagance; but, here! an painful thought! the noblest work of human wisdom, the grandest scene of human glory, the fair cause of freedom ROSE and FELL. Read this, and then ask if I forget America."
I now know, from the information I obtain upon the spot, that the impressions that then distressed me, for I was proud of America, were but too well founded. She was turning her back on her own glory, and making hasty strides in the retrograde path of oblivion. But a spark from the altar of SEVENTY SIX, unextinguished and unextinguishable through that long night of error, is again lighting up, in every part of the union, the genuine flame of rational liberty.
As the French revolution advanced it fixed the attention of the world, and drew from the perfidious pen of Edmund Burke a furious attack. This brought me once more on the public theatre of Politics and occasioned the pamphlet, RIGHTS OF MAN. It had the greatest run of any work ever published in the English language. The number of copies circulated in England, Scotland, and Ireland, besides translations into foreign languages, were between four and five hundred thousand. The principles of that work were the same as those in Common Sense, and the effect would have been the same in England, as it had been in America, could the vote of the nation been quietly taken, or had equal opportunities of consulting or acting existed. The only difference between the two works, was, that the one was adapted to the local circumstances of England, and the other to those of America. As to myself, I acted in both cases alike; I relinquished to the people of England, as I had done to those of America, all profits from the work. My reward existed in the ambition to do
good, and in the independent happiness of my own mind. But a faction, acting in disguise, was rising in America that had lost sight of its first principles. They were beginning to contemplate government as a profitable monopoly, and the people as hereditary property. It is therefore no wonder that the Rights of Man was attacked by that faction, and its author continually abused. But let them go on, give them rope enough, and they will put an end to their own insignificance. There is too much common sense and independence in America to be long the dupe of any faction foreign or domestic.
But, in the midst of the freedom we enjoy, the licentiousness of the papers called federal (and I know not why they are called so, for they are in their principles anti federal and despotic) are a dishonour to the character of the country, and an injury to its reputation and importance abroad. They represent the whole people of America as destitute of public principle and private manners. As to any injury they can do at home to those whom they abuse, or service they can render to those who employ them, it is to be set down to the account of noisy nothingness. It is on themselves the disgrace recoils; for the reflection easily presents itself to every thinking mind, that those who abuse liberty when they possess it, would abuse power could they obtain it; and therefore they may as well take as a general motto for all such papers, WE, AND OUR PATRONS, ARE NOT FIT TO BE TRUSTED WITH POWER.
There is in America, more than in any other Country, a large body of people who attend quietly to their farms, or follow their several occupations, who pay no regard to the clamours of anonymous scribblers, who think for themselves, and judge of Government, not by the fury of newspaper writers, but by the prudent frugality of its measures, and the encouragement it gives to the improvement and prosperity of the Country, and who, acting on their own judgment never come forward in an election but on some great occasion. When this body moves all the little barkings of scribbling and witless curs pass for nothing. To say to this independent description of men you must turn out such or such persons at the next election, for they have taken off a great many taxes and lessened the expenses of Government; they have dismissed my son, or my brother, or myself, from a lucrative office in which there was nothing to do, is to shew the cloven foot of faction, and preach the language of ill-digested mortification. In every part of the Union this faction is in the agonies of death, and in proportion as its fate approaches it gnashes its teeth, and struggles. My arrival has struck it as with a hydrophobia; it is like the fight of water to canine madness.
As this letter is intended to announce my arrival to my friends, and to my enemies, if I have any, I ought to have none in America, and as introductory to others that will occasionally follow, I shall close it by declaring the line of conduct I shall pursue. I have no occasion to ask, and do not intend to accept, any place or office in the government. There is none it could give me that would be any ways equal to the profits I could make as an author, for I have an established fame in the literary world, could I reconcile it to my principles to make money by politics or religion. I must be in every thing what I ever have been, a disinterested volunteer. My proper sphere of action is on the common floor of citizenship, and to honest men I give my hand and my heart freely. I have some manuscript works to publish, of which I shall give proper notice; and some Mechanical affairs to bring forward that will employ all my leisure time. I shall continue these letters as I see occasion, and as to the low party prints that chuse to abuse me, they are welcome. I shall not descend to answer them. I have been too much accustomed to such common stuff to take any notice of it. The Government of England honoured me with a thousand martyrdoms by burning me in effigy in every town in that country, and their hirelings in America may do the same.
THOMAS PAINE. City of Washington } Nov. 12, 1802. } District of Columbia, } Washington County. } By the Orphan's Court, 10th Nov. 1802, JOHN A. BURFORD, having made application for Letters of Administration on the estate of JOHN BENNETT, late of the Boston Frigate, deceased, claiming the same as a Creditor.—It is ordered that he give public notice of his application by inserting a copy of this order in a newspaper of the City of Washington, three successive weeks—that any person interested may show cause on or before the second Tuesday in December next, why the said letters shall not be granted him.
JOHN HEWITT, Reg. Nov. 15. 1802. The Subscriber has for Sale, London particular Madeira Wine, in pipes and quarter casks; West-India Rum in hhd. and barrels; Brown Sugar of excellent quality; and 55 bbls of Cargo Beer. W.M. BRENT. Washington, Nov. 18.
NOTICE.
THE inhabitants of Washington are particularly requested to give in to the Treasurer correct lists of their property, real and personal, on or before the 15th of the present month. To those who are assessed in August and September, 1801, it will only be necessary to list such additional property acquired since that time, and such property as may have been transferred. To render as little trouble and inconvenience as possible to the inhabitants, those living in the eastern part of the city may leave their lists in the letter-box at the Marshal's office; those of the western part, at the post office. Others, and all, if they chuse, will be thanked for leaving their lists at my lodgings, at Mrs. Johnson's, on F Street, near the Bank.
By recurrence to the corporation law, authorizing the levying and collection of a tax, they may see what property is liable to be taxed. It will be necessary for all the lists left at the places described, to be signed by the proprietor, and directed to me. It is earnestly hoped the inhabitants will comply with these requests, as the short time allowed by law for completing the assessment cannot be complied with without these measures.
WASHINGTON BOYD, Treasurer of Washington City. Novem. 15.
Public Sale.
By order of the Orphan's Court of Washington county, in the District of Columbia, will be sold to the highest bidder, on Tuesday the 23rd of November next, at the dwelling house of the subscriber, on New-Jersey Avenue, in Washington, at 11 o'clock P.M.
The Personal Property of John Fownes, deceased, consisting of a variety of Store Goods, Household Furniture, and other Articles.
Terms of sale:—All purchases under thirty dollars, Cash; on all purchases above that sum a credit of six months will be given, the purchasers giving bond, with good security, for payment, with interest from the day of sale. SARAH FOWNES, Administratrix. Washington, Oct. 29. 1803.
PROPOSALS
FOR CARRING Mails of the United States On the following Post-Roads, Will be received at the GENERAL POST OFFICE at WASHINGTON, until the 18th day of January, inclusive.
IN DELAWARE.
1. From Wilmington by New-Castle, St. George's-town, Cantwell's bridge, Duck Creek, Dover, Frederica, Milford, Georgetown, Tapp, Snowhill, Horntown, Drummond and Northampton c. h. to the Ferry Landing, three times a week.
April 1st to November 15th.
Leave Wilmington every Monday, Wednesday and Friday, at 11 a. m. arrive at Dover same days by 9 p. m. Leave Dover every Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday, at 4 a. m. and arrive at Drummond the next day, Wednesday, Friday and Monday, by 8 p. m. and arrive at the Ferry Landing on Thursday, Saturday and Tuesday, by noon.—Returning—Leave the Ferry Landing every Monday, Wednesday and Friday, at noon. Leave Drummond every Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday, at 6 a. m. arrive at Dover the next day on Wednesday, Friday and Monday, by 8 p. m. Leave Dover every Thursday, Saturday and Tuesday, at 4 a. m. and arrive at Wilmington the same days by 2 p. m.
November 15th to April 1st.
Leave Wilmington every Monday, Wednesday and Friday, at 6 a. m. arrive at Dover same days by 6 p. m. Leave Dover every Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday, at 5 a. m. and arrive at Drummond on Wednesday, Friday and Monday, by 8 p. m. and arrive at the Ferry Landing on Thursday, Saturday and Tuesday, by noon.—Returning—Leave the Ferry Landing every Monday, Wednesday and Friday, at 10 a. m. and arrive at Dover the next Wednesday, Saturday and Monday, by 8 p. m. Leave Dover every Thursday, Saturday and Tuesday, at 6 a. m. and arrive at Wilmington same days by 6 p. m.
IN MARYLAND.
2. From Frederica by Berry-town and Whittelsburg to Greenboro', in Maryland, once a week. Leave Frederica every Friday at 4 a. m. and arrive at Greenboro' by 11 a. m. Leave Greenboro' every Friday at 1 p. m. and arrive at Frederica by 8 p. m.
3. From Lewistown by Broadkiln Landing, George-town, Bridge Branch, North W.F. Bridge and New-Market, Md. to Cambridge, Md. once a week. Leave Lewistown every Tuesday at 6 a. m. arrive at George-town by noon. Leave George-town every Tuesday at 1 p. m. arrive at Cambridge on Wednesday by 6 p. m. Returning—Leave Cambridge every Thursday at noon, and arrive at Lewistown on Friday by 2 p. m.
4. From George town by Concord and Laurel to Salisbury, Md. once a week. Leave George-town every Friday at 6 a. m. and arrive at Salisbury by 5 p. m. Leave Salisbury every Saturday at 6 a. m. and arrive at George-town by 6 p. m.
5. From Elkton by Warwick, Sassafras-town, Massys-town, Bridge-town, Sadlers, Bear-town, Greenboro', Denton and Hillboro', to Easton, once a week. Leave Elkton every Tuesday at 6 a. m. and arrive at Easton on Thursday by 10 a. m. Returning—Leave Easton every Thursday at 2 p. m. arrive at Greenboro' by 3 p. m. and arrive at Elkton on Saturday by 6 p. m.
6. From Wilmington, De. by Christiana, Middletown, Warwick, Georgetown, Chester-town, Church-hill, Centreville, Queens-town, Shark-town and Kent Island, to Annapolis, twice a week. Leave Wilmington every Tuesday and Friday at 5 a. m. and arrive at Chester-town by 8 p. m. Leave Chester-town every Wednesday and Saturday at 4 a. m. and arrive at Centreville by 10 a. m. and at Annapolis by 8 p. m. Leave Annapolis every Friday and Tuesday at 4 a. m. arrive at Centreville at 2 p. m. Leave Centreville at 3 p. m. arrive at Chester-town by 8 p. m. Leave Chester-town every Saturday and Wednesday at 5 a. m. and arrive at Wilmington by 6 p. m.
7. From Centreville to Easton twice a week. Leave Centreville every Wednesday and Saturday at noon, and arrive at Easton by 6 p. m.—Returning—Leave Easton every Tuesday and Friday at 7 a. m. arrive at Centreville by 1 p. m. Leave same at 2 p. m. and arrive at Chester-town by 8 p. m.
8. From Annapolis by Queen Ann's and Lower Marlboro' to Washington city, once a week. Leave Annapolis every Monday and Thursday at 6 a. m. and arrive at Washington by 6 p. m. Leave Washington every Monday and Thursday at 6 a. m. arrive at Annapolis by 6 p. m.
9. From Easton by Cambridge, Vienna, Salisbury, Snowhill, Princess Ann, Vienna, Salisbury and Cambridge, to Easton, once a week. Leave Easton every Thursday at 5 a. m. arrive at Cambridge by 11 a. m. and arrive at Snowhill on Friday at half past 8 p. m. Leave Snowhill every Saturday at 6 a. m. and arrive at Easton on Monday by 6 p. m.
10. From Hartford to Bell-Air once a week. Leave Bell-Air every Tuesday at 7 a. m. arrive at Hartford by 9 a. m. Leave Hartford at 11 a. m. and arrive at Bell-Air at 1 p. m.
11. From Baltimore by Liberty-town to Frederick-town, and from thence by New-Market to Baltimore, twice a week. Leave Baltimore every Thursday and Saturday at 6 a. m. arrive at Frederick-town by 6 p. m. Leave Frederick-town every Friday and Sunday at 6 a. m. arrive at Baltimore by 7 p. m.
12. From Baltimore by Ellicott's Lower Mills, Brookville, Montgomery c. h. and Charlesburg, to Leesburg, Va. once a week. Leave Leesburg every Thursday at 6 a. m. arrive at Baltimore on Friday at 10 a. m. Leave Baltimore every Friday at 2 p. m. and arrive at Leesburg on Saturday by 6 p. m.
13. From Baltimore to Annapolis three times a week. Leave Baltimore every Monday, Wednesday and Friday, at 8 a. m. and arrive at Annapolis same days by 5 p. m.—Returning—Leave Annapolis every Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday, at 8 a. m. and arrive at Baltimore same days by 5 p. m.
14. From Annapolis by Tracey's Landing, Lower Marlboro', Huntingdon and Calvert c. h. to St. Leonard's, once a week. Leave Annapolis every Tuesday at 6 a. m. arrive at St. Leonard's on Wednesday by 10 a. m. Leave St. Leonard's every Wednesday at 2 p. m. arrive at Lower Marlboro' on Thursday. Leave Lower Marlboro' every Monday at 8 a. m. and arrive at Annapolis by 5 p. m.
15. From Washington city by Unity-town, Hobbs-town, Brookville, Howard, Pulley's mill and Wright's mill, to Taneyton, once a week. Leave Washington every Wednesday at 6 a. m. and arrive at Taneyton by 6 p. m. on Thursday. Leave Taneyton every Friday at 6 a. m. and arrive at Washington on Saturday by 6 p. m.
16. From Washington city by Georgetown, Montgomery c. h. and Clark'sboro' to Frederick-town, three times a week. Leave Washington every Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday, at 4 a. m. arrive at Frederick-town same days by 6 p. m. Returning—Leave Frederick-town every Monday, Wednesday and Friday, at 4 a. m. and arrive at Washington same days by 6 p. m.
17. From Frederick-town by Woodlboro', Taneyton, Peterham, Pa. and Hanover to York, Pa. once a week. Leave Frederick-town every Monday at 6 a. m. arrive at York by 5 p. m. Returning—Leave York every Tuesday at 6 a. m. arrive at Frederick-town same day by 6 p. m.
18. From Frederick-town by Middletown, Boonboro', Hager's-town and Green-Calle, to Chambersburg, Pa. twice a week. Leave Frederick-town every Sunday and Friday at 4 a. m. arrive at Hager's-town by 11 a. m. Leave Hager's-town at half past 11, and arrive at Chambersburg same days by 7 p. m. Returning—Leave Chambersburg every Monday and Friday at 11 p. m. arrive at Hager's-town on Tuesday and Saturday at half past 12 p. m. Leave Hager's-town at 1 p. m. and arrive at Frederick-town same days by 3 p. m.
19. From Hager's-town by Hancock, Berkley Springs, and Old-town, to Cumberland, once a week. Leave Hager's-town every Tuesday at 2 p. m. arrive at Cumberland on Thursday by 2 p. m. Leave Cumberland every Saturday at 8 p. m. arrive at Hager's-town on Tuesday at 10 a. m.
20. From Frederick-town by New-Castle, Harper's ferry, Charles-town and Shepherd's-town, to Martinsburg, Va.
once a week. Leave Frederick-town every Wednesday at 8 a. m. arrive at Charles-town by 5 p. m. Leave Charles-town every Wednesday at 6 p. m. arrive at Martinsburg on Thursday at 9 a. m. Leave Martinsburg every Thursday at noon, arrive at Harper's ferry by 8 p. m. Leave Harper's ferry on Tuesday at 9 a. m. arrive at Frederick-town by 6 p. m.
21. From Frederick-town to Leesburg once a week. Leave Frederick-town every Friday at noon, arrive at Leesburg by 8 p. m. Leave Leesburg every Thursday at 8 p. m. arrive at Frederick-town on Friday by 11 a. m.
22. From Washington city by Piscataway, Port-Tobacco, Allen's Creek, Newport, Chapotico, Leonard-town, Great Mill and St. Inigoes, to the Ridge.—Leave Washington every Monday and Friday at 7 a. m. and arrive at Port-Tobacco by 5 p. m. Leave Port-Tobacco every Tuesday at 4 a. m. arrive at Leonard-town by 4 p. m. Leave Leonard-town at half past 4 p. m. and arrive at the Ridge on Wednesday by 4 p. m.—Returning—Leave the Ridge on Thursday at 6 a. m. arrive at Port-Tobacco Friday by 6 p. m. Leave Port-Tobacco on Saturday at 4 a. m. arrive at Washington by 4 p. m.
23. From Piscataway to Alexandria once a week. Leave Piscataway every Saturday at 6 a. m. arrive at Alexandria by 10 a. m. Leave Alexandria every Saturday at 2 p. m. and arrive at Piscataway by 6 p. m.
24. From Washington by Upper Marlboro', Nottingham, Lower Marlboro', Aquasco, Benedict and Charlotte Hall, to Chapotico, once a week. Leave Washington every Saturday at 5 a. m. and arrive at Chapotico on Sunday by 6 p. m. Leave Chapotico every Monday at 8 a. m. and arrive at Washington on Wednesday by 3 p. m.
IN VIRGINIA.
25. From Hagerstown, Md. by Williamsport, Martinsburg, Winchester, Stevensburg or Newton, Strasburg, Woodstock, New Market or Harrisonburg to Staunton once a week. Leave Hagerstown every Tuesday at 2 p. m. arrive at Winchester on Wednesday by 10 a. m. Leave Winchester at 11 a. m. arrive at Staunton on Friday by 5 p. m.—Returning—Leave Staunton every Friday at 2 p. m. and arrive at Hagerstown the next Monday at 10 a. m.
26. From Washington City by George town to Prospecthill once a week.—Leave Washington every Tuesday at 9 a. m. and arrive at Prospecthill by 3 p. m.—Returning—Leave Prospecthill every Monday at 10 a. m. and arrive at Washington by 5 p. m.
27. From Alexandria by Prospecthill, Hillboro', Leesburg, Waterford, Charlestown and Bailestown to Winchester once a week. Leave Alexandria every Tuesday at 10 a. m. arrive at Prospecthill by 3 p. m. Leave Prospecthill at half past 3 p. m. and arrive at Charlestown on Wednesday at 5 p. m. Leave Charlestown at 6 p. m. arrive at Winchester on Thursday by noon. Returning—Leave Winchester on Saturday 11 a. m. arrive at Charlestown by 6 p. m. Leave Charlestown at 7 p. m. arrive at Prospecthill on Monday by 9 a. m. and at Alexandria by 4 p. m.
28. From Washington City by Fairfax c. h. Centerville, Middlesex, Goosey, Millwood, Paris, Winchester, Romney and Western-port to Green Glades, once a week 172 miles. Leave Washington City every Friday at 2 p. m. arrive at Fairfax c. h. by 5 p. m. Leave Fairfax c. h. at half past 5 p. m. arrive at Winchester on Sunday by 8 a. m. arrive at Romney on Monday at 7 a. m. and at Green Glades by 8 p. m.—Returning—Leave Green Glades on Tuesday at 4 a. m. arrive at Romney at 5 p. m. arrive at Winchester on Wednesday by 5 p. m. at Fairfax c. h. on Friday by 5 and a half a. m. Leave Fairfax c. h. at 6 a. m. and arrive at Washington by 9 a. m.
29. From the Green Glades by Clark'sburg to Marietta once a week, 168 miles. Leave the Green Glades every Tuesday at 4 a. m. arrive at Marietta on Friday by 10 a. m. Leave Marietta every Friday at 2 p. m. arrive at the Green Glades the next Monday by 8 p. m.
30. From Romney by Springfield, Frankfort and Cresap'sburg to Cumberland once a week. Leave Romney every Monday at 9 a. m. arrive at Cumberland by 6 p. m. Leave Cumberland every Tuesday at 6 a. m. arrive at Romney by 6 p. m.
31. From Romney to Moorfields once a week, and from thence by Frankfort to Bath c. h. once in two weeks. Leave Romney every Monday at 9 a. m. arrive at Moorfields by 4 p. m. Leave Moorfields every other Monday at 4 p. m. arrive at Bath c. h. on Wednesday by 7 p. m. Leave Bath c. h. every other Thursday at 6 a. m. arrive at Moorfields on Saturday by 9 a. m. Leave Moorfields every other Saturday and every other Tuesday at 9 a. m. arrive at Romney by 7 p. m.
32. From Alexandria by Fairfax c. h. Centerville, Hay Market, Buckland, Fauquier c. h. and J. Herlinton to Culpeper c. h. once a week. Leave Alexandria every Friday at 2 p. m. arrive at Fairfax c. h. by 5 p. m. Leave Fairfax c. h. at half past 5 p. m. arrive at Culpeper the next Monday at 10 a. m.—Returning—Leave Culpeper c. h. every

Monday at 2 p. m. arrive at Fairfax c. h. the next Friday by 5 and half a. m. Leave Fairfax c. h. at 6 a. m. arrive at Alexandria by 9 a. m. 55. From Centerville to Leesburg once a week. Leave Centerville every Saturday at 6 a. m. arrive at Leesburg by 11 a. m.— Returning —Leave Leesburg every Saturday at 1 p. m. arrive at Centerville. 54. From Fredericksburg by Stevensburg and Culpeper c. h. to Madison c. h. Orange c. h. Culpeper and Stevensburg to Fredericksburg once a week. Leave Fredericksburg every Tuesday at 10 a. m. arrive at Culpeper c. h. on Wednesday by 11 a. m. Leave Culpeper c. h. at noon, arrive at Madison c. h. by 2 p. m.— Returning —Leave Madison c. h. every Sunday at 3 p. m. arrive at Fredericksburg on Tuesday by 6 a. m. 55. From Fredericksburg by Orange c. h. and Milton to Charlottesville twice a week. Leave Fredericksburg every Wednesday and Saturday at 6 p. m. arrive at Charlottesville on Friday and Monday by 10 a. m.— Returning —Leave Charlottesville every Monday and Friday at 2 p. m. arrive at Fredericksburg on Tuesday and Saturday by 9 p. m. 56. From Charlottesville by New-York, Staunton, Middlebrook, Brown'sburg, Lexington, Natural Bridge, Fincastle, Montgomery c. h. and New-Dublin to Wythe c. h. once a week. Leave Charlottesville every Friday by 2 p. m. arrive at Wythe c. h. the next Monday by 8 p. m. Leave Wythe c. h. every Tuesday at 4 a. m. and arrive at Charlottesville next Friday by 10 a. m. 57. From Wythe c. h. by Abingdon, Sullivan c. h. Roanoke, Hawkins c. h. Oresville and Rutledge to Knoxville once a week. Leave Wythe c. h. every Tuesday at 4 a. m. arrive at Knoxville next Friday by 10 a. m. Leave Knoxville every Friday at 2 p. m. arrive at Wythe c. h. the next Monday by 8 p. m. 58. From Staunton by Kinkead's, Warm Springs c. h. Bath c. h. Morris's, Callaghan's and Sulphur Springs to Lewisburg and from thence by Union-town & the Sweet Springs, Callaghan's, and the same route from thence to Staunton once a week. Leave Staunton every Saturday at 11 a. m. arrive at Lewisburg on Monday by 10 p. m. Leave Lewisburg every Tuesday at 6 a. m. and arrive at Staunton the next Saturday at 8 a. m. 59. From Lewisburg by Bowyers, Huffs and Morris's to Kanawha c. h. once in two weeks. Leave Lewisburg every other Tuesday at 6 a. m. arrive at Kanawha c. h. on Thursday at 4 p. m. Leave Kanawha c. h. every other Friday at 6 a. m. arrive at Lewisburg next Monday by 6 p. m. 60. From Fredericksburg by Thornburg, Cadesburg, Chesterfield c. h. Oxford, Crewsboro, Goochland c. h. Columbia, Yanceyville, Louisa c. h. Hyde's old Store, and Spottsylvania c. h. to Fredericksburg once a week, to pass from Fredericksburg alternately by Spottsylvania c. h. and by Thornburg. Leave Fredericksburg every Tuesday at 11 a. m. and arrive at Goochland c. h. on Thursday by 6 p. m. Leave Goochland c. h. every Friday at 6 a. m. arrive at Fredericksburg the next Tuesday by 7 a. m. 61. From Fredericksburg by Port-Royal, Layton's, Lloyd's, Tappahannock, Urbanna, Shackleford's and Gloucester c. h. to York-town once a week. Leave Fredericksburg every Wednesday at 2 p. m. arrive at Tappahannock on Thursday at 6 p. m. Leave Tappahannock at 7 p. m. arrive at York-town on Saturday by 6 p. m.— Returning —Leave York-town every Saturday at 6 p. m. arrive at Tappahannock on Monday by 7 p. m. Leave Tappahannock at 8 p. m. arrive at Fredericksburg on Wednesday by 10 a. m. 62. From Fredericksburg by King George c. h. Broadfield, Mattox Bridge, Leeds-town, Templeman's Cross Roads, Richmond c. h. Farnham, Kinfales, and Northumberland c. h. to Lancaster c. h. once a week. Leave Fredericksburg every Wednesday at 2 p. m. arrive at Lancaster c. h. the next Saturday by 6 p. m.— Returning —Leave Lancaster c. h. every Saturday at 10 p. m. and arrive at Fredericksburg the next Wednesday by 10 a. m. 63. From Richmond by Goochland c. h. and Columbia to Charlottesville once a week. Leave Richmond every Wednesday noon and arrive at Charlottesville on Friday by 10 a. m. Leave Charlottesville every Friday at 2 p. m. arrive at Richmond on Monday by 6 a. m. 64. From Charlottesville by Warren, Wamintler, New-Market, New-Glasgow and Madison to Lynchburg once a week. Leave Charlottesville every Friday at 2 p. m. arrive at Lynchburg on Monday by 5 p. m. Leave Lynchburg every Wednesday noon, arrive at Charlottesville on Friday by 10 a. m. 65. From Richmond by Hopkins' Powhatan c. h. Carterville, New-Canton, Buckingham c. h. Bent Creek, Lynchburg, New-London and Liberty to Fincastle once a week. Leave Richmond every Wednesday at noon, arrive at Powhatan c. h. on Thursday at 9 a. m. arrive at Fincastle the next Saturday by 6 a. m.— Returning —Leave Fincastle every Saturday at 10 p. m. arrive at Powhatan c. h. the next Tuesday by 3 p. m. Leave Powhatan c. h. at 4 p. m. and
arrive at Richmond on Wednesday by 10 a. m. 66. From Liberty by Rocky Mount to Henry c. h. once a week. Leave Liberty every Saturday at 1 p. m. arrive at Henry c. h. on Sunday by 6 p. m. Leave Henry c. h. every Friday at 6 a. m. arrive at Liberty on Saturday by 11 a. m. 67. From Powhatan c. h. by Cumberland c. h. Ca Ira, Farmville, Prince Edward c. h. and Charlotte c. h. to Halifax c. h. once a week. Leave Powhatan c. h. every Thursday at 10 a. m. arrive at Halifax c. h. on Saturday by 4 p. m. Leave Halifax c. h. every Saturday at 10 p. m. arrive at Powhatan the next Tuesday by 1 p. m. 68. From Halifax c. h. by Halifax old town, Pittsylvania c. h. Peytonburg, Henry c. h. Patrick c. h. Bishop's Furnace, N. C. to Germanton, N. C. once a week. Leave Halifax c. h. every Saturday at 10 p. m. arrive at Germanton the next Wednesday by 10 a. m. Leave Germanton every Wednesday at 2 p. m. arrive at Halifax the next Saturday by 8 p. m. 69. From Halifax c. h. to Danville once a week. Leave Danville every Saturday at 6 a. m. arrive at Halifax c. h. by 4 p. m. Leave Halifax c. h. every Saturday at 8 p. m. arrive at Danville on Sunday by 6 p. m. 70. From Richmond by Colefield, Genito's bridge, Amelia c. h. Perkiptonville, Painesville, Ligon-town and Jamestown to Farmville once a week. Leave Richmond every Wednesday at 8 a. m. arrive at Farmville on Thursday by 8 p. m. Leave Farmville on Friday at 8 a. m. arrive at Richmond on Saturday by 8 p. m. 71. From Petersburg by Namezzen-bridge, Nottaway c. h. Hungary-town, Double-bridge, Hayleysburg, Brookington, Willeville, Bibbs-ferry, and Scottsburg to Halifax c. h. once a week. Leave Petersburg every Wednesday at 2 p. m. arrive at Willeville on Saturday at 9 a. m. arrive at Halifax c. h. by 5 p. m.— Returning —Leave Halifax c. h. every Saturday at 9 p. m. arrive at Willeville on Sunday by 2 p. m. arrive at Petersburg the next Wednesday by 10 a. m. 72. From Harrisville by Field's-mill, Qualsville, M'Farland's, Lunenburg c. h. Christianville, Marshallville, Mecklenburg c. h. St. Tammany, Geesburg, Edmundson and Fields-mill to Harrisville once a week. Leave Harrisville every Tuesday at 6 a. m. arrive at Marshallville on Wednesday at 5 p. m. Leave Marshallville on Thursday at 6 a. m. arrive at Harrisville on Friday by 6 p. m. 73. From Harrisville by Bellefield and Alexander to Halifax twice a week. Leave Harrisville every Wednesday and Saturday at 5 a. m. arrive at Halifax by 6 p. m.— Returning —Leave Halifax every Thursday and Sunday at 6 a. m. arrive at Bellefield by noon. Leave Bellefield every Tuesday and Friday at 1 p. m. arrive at Harrisville by 6 p. m. 74. From Petersburg by Sussex c. h. Jerusalem and Cross-roads to Murfreesboro, N. C. once a week. Leave Petersburg every Friday at 9 a. m. arrive at Murfreesboro, N. C. on Saturday by 8 p. m. Leave Murfreesboro every Wednesday at 4 a. m. arrive at Petersburg on Thursday by 4 p. m. 75. From Bowling Green by Baily'sville, Creek-bridge, Broadus's Mills, Harrisonville, New-town, Dunkirk, Walkerton, King William c. h. Lilly-point, Pannell's Ferry and Cumberland, to New Kent c. h. once a week. Leave Bowling Green every Wednesday at 10 a. m. and arrive at Dunkirk on Thursday by 7 a. m. Leave Dunkirk every Thursday at 8 a. m. arrive at New Kent c. h. by 3 p. m. Leave New Kent c. h. every Thursday at 4 p. m. arrive at Bowling Green the next Saturday by 10 a. m. 76. From Richmond by Hanover-town and Dunkirk to Tappahannock once a week. Leave Richmond every Wednesday at 2 p. m. arrive at Dunkirk on Thursday at 7 a. m. Leave Dunkirk at 8 a. m. and arrive at Tappahannock by 6 p. m. Leave Tappahannock every Tuesday at 6 a. m. arrive at Richmond on Wednesday at 9 a. m. 77. From Tappahannock to Richmond c. h. once a week. Leave Tappahannock every Friday at 6 a. m. arrive at Richmond c. h. by 11 a. m. Leave Richmond c. h. every Friday at 1 p. m. arrive at Tappahannock by 6 p. m. 78. From Dunkirk by King & Queen c. h. Shackleford's and Gloucester c. h. by North End to Matthews c. h. once a week. Leave Dunkirk every Thursday at 8 a. m. arrive at Matthews c. h. on Friday by 6 p. m. Leave Matthews c. h. every Saturday at 6 a. m. arrive at Dunkirk on Sunday by 6 p. m. 79. From Smithfield by Jerusalem and the Cross-roads to Bellefield once a week. Leave Bellefield every Thursday at 5 a. m. arrive at Smithfield on Friday by 11 a. m. Leave Smithfield every Friday at 1 p. m. arrive at Bellefield on Saturday by 7 p. m. 80. From Norfolk by Kempville N W R Bridge, Tull's Creek, N C Indian-town, Jonesburg, Elizabeth City, Nixon-town and Hertford to Edenton N C once a week. Leave Norfolk every Saturday noon, and arrive at Edenton, N C, the next Thursday by 10 a. m. Leave Edenton every Thursday at 2 p. m. arrive at Norfolk next Saturday by 8 a. m.
IN NORTH CAROLINA. 81. From Suffolk Va. by Edenton, Plymouth and Washington to Newbern twice a week. Leave Suffolk every Monday and Friday at 1 p. m. arrive at Edenton on Tuesday and Saturday at 1 p. m. Leave Edenton at 2 p. m. arrive at Plymouth on Wednesday and Sunday at 6 a. m. arrive at Washington by 6 p. m. Leave Washington at 7 p. m. and arrive at Newbern on Thursday and Monday by 4 p. m.— Returning —Leave Newbern every Friday and Tuesday at 5 a. m. arrive at Washington by 5 p. m. Leave Washington at 6 p. m. arrive at Plymouth on Saturday and Wednesday by 4 p. m. Leave Plymouth at half past 4 p. m. arrive at Edenton on Sunday and Monday by 9 a. m. Leave Edenton at half past 9 a. m. arrive at Suffolk on Monday and Friday by 9 a. m. 82. From Halifax, by Northampton c. h. Princeton, Murfreesboro, Winton, Coleyane, Patch Landing and Windsor to Edenton once a week. Leave Halifax every Tuesday at 5 a. m. arrive at Edenton on Thursday by 10 a. m. Leave Edenton every Thursday at 2 p. m. arrive at Halifax on Saturday by 8 p. m. 83. From Warrenton by Jonesville, Halifax, Scotland Neck, Hogton, William's-town, Daily's, Plymouth and Washington c. h. to Scuppernong once a week. Leave Warrenton every Monday at 6 a. m. arrive at Halifax by 7 p. m. Leave Halifax every Tuesday at 6 a. m. arrive at Scuppernong Thursday by 11 a. m. Returning —Leave Scuppernong every Thursday at 1 p. m. and arrive at Halifax the next Saturday by 7 p. m. Leave Halifax on Sunday at 6 a. m. arrive at Warrenton by 6 p. m. 84. From Warrenton by Williamboro to Hillsboro once a week. Leave Hillsboro every Sunday at 5 p. m. arrive at Warrenton on Monday by 8 p. m. Leave Warrenton every Tuesday at 4 a. m. arrive at Hillsboro on Wednesday by 8 a. m. 85. From Loudburg by Nash C. H., Tarboro and Greenville to Washington once a week. Leave Loudburg every Monday at 2 p. m. arrive at Tarboro on Tuesday by 6 p. m. Leave Tarboro every Wednesday at 6 a. m. arrive at Washington on Thursday by 10 a. m. Leave Washington every Thursday at 2 p. m. arrive at Tarboro on Friday by 6 p. m. Leave Tarboro every Saturday at 6 a. m. arrive at Loudburg on Monday by 10 a. m. 86. From Halifax to Tarboro once a week. Leave Tarboro every Monday at 6 a. m. arrive at Halifax by 6 p. m. Leave Halifax every Tuesday at 6 a. m. arrive at Tarboro by 6 p. m. 87. From Raleigh by Smithfield, Waynesboro, Green c. h. and Kingston to Newbern once a week. Leave Raleigh every Tuesday at 8 a. m. arrive at Newbern on Friday by 10 a. m. Leave Newbern every Friday at 2 p. m. arrive at Raleigh on Monday by 6 p. m. 88. From Raleigh by Haywoodboro, Chatham c. h., Chapelhill, Hillsboro, Orange c. h., Martinville, Salem and Lexington to Salisbury once a week. Leave Raleigh every Tuesday at 2 a. m. arrive at Hillsboro on Wednesday by 8 a. m. Leave Hillsboro at 10 a. m. arrive at Salem on Thursday by 5 p. m. Leave Salem at 4 p. m. and arrive at Salisbury on Friday by 10 a. m. Returning —Leave Salisbury every Friday at 2 p. m. arrive at Salem on Saturday by 8 a. m. Leave Salem at 9 a. m. arrive at Hillsboro the next Sunday by 3 p. m. Leave Hillsboro at 5 p. m. arrive at Raleigh on Monday by 5 p. m. 89. From Salem by Bethania, Huntville, Rockford and Wilkes to Morgantown once a week. Leave Salem every Thursday at 4 p. m. arrive at Morgantown the next Sunday by 6 p. m. Leave Morgantown every Monday at 8 a. m. arrive at Salem next Thursday by 11 a. m. 90. From Morgantown by Asfville, the Warm Springs, Newport, T. and Checks Cross Roads to Orffville, T. once a week. Leave Morgantown every Monday at 6 a. m. arrive at Orffville on Thursday by 10 a. m. Leave Orffville every Thursday at 2 p. m. arrive at Morgantown the next Sunday by 6 p. m. 91. From Salisbury by Statesville, Charlotte and Lancaster S C, to Camden S C and from thence by Lancaster, Charlotte and Cabarrus c. h. to Salisbury once a week. Leave Salisbury every Friday at noon, arrive at Charlotte on Saturday by noon. Leave Charlotte at 1 p. m. arrive at Camden, S. C. the next Monday by 7 p. m. Leave Camden every Tuesday at 6 a. m. arrive at Charlotte on Wednesday by 8 p. m. Leave Charlotte every Thursday at 6 a. m. arrive at Salisbury the next Friday by 10 a. m. 92. From Charlotte by Huntersville and Lincoln to Morganton, once a week. Leave Charlotte every Saturday at 2 p. m. arrive at Morganton on Sunday by 8 p. m. Leave Morganton every Monday at 8 a. m. arrive at Charlotte on Tuesday by 5 p. m. 93. From Morganton by Rutherford and Gowen's store to Greenville c. h. S C, once a week. Leave Morganton every Monday at 6 a. m. arrive at Greenville c. h. on Tuesday by 6 p. m. Leave Greenville c. h. every Saturday at 6 a. m. and arrive at Morganton on Sunday by 6 p. m. 94. From Salem by Germanton, Mount Airy, Scull Camp, Grayson c. h. and Afton to Wythe c. h. Va. once a week. Leave Salem every Saturday at 9 a. m. arrive at Wythe c. h. on Monday by 7 p. m. Leave Wythe c. h. on Tuesday at 6 a. m. arrive at Salem on Thursday by 6 p. m. 95. From Hillsboro by Mount Tirzah, Perion c. h. Leesburg, Caswell c. h. Lenox Castle and Rockingham to Germanton, once a week. Leave Hillsboro every Wednesday at 10 a. m. arrive at Germanton the next Saturday by 10 a. m. Leave Germanton every Saturday at 2 p. m. arrive at Hillsboro on Tuesday by 6 p. m. 96. From Newbern by Trenton and Richland to Wilmington, once a week. Leave Newbern every Tuesday at 5 a. m. arrive at Wilmington on Thursday by 10 a. m. Leave Wilmington every Thursday at 2 p. m. and arrive at Newbern on Saturday by 7 p. m. 97. From Fayetteville by Elizabethton to Wilmington, and from thence by South Washington and Sampson c. h. to Fayetteville, once a week. Leave Fayetteville every Tuesday at 6 a. m. arrive at Wilmington on Wednesday by 7 p. m. Leave Wilmington every Thursday at noon, arrive at Fayetteville on Saturday by 8 p. m. 98. From Fayetteville by Anderville to Wilmington, once a week. Leave Fayetteville every Friday at 6 a. m. arrive at Wilmington on Saturday by 6 p. m. Leave Wilmington every Monday at 7 a. m. arrive at Fayetteville on Tuesday by 7 p. m. 99. From Fayetteville by Moore c. h. Carthage, Randolph c. h. Salisbury, Tindallville, Wadesboro' and Richmond c. h. to Fayetteville, once a week, and the contrary route the next week, so as to carry the mail alternately once a week. Leave Fayetteville every Tuesday at 8 a. m. arrive at Salisbury on Friday by 10 a. m. Leave Salisbury every Friday at 2 p. m. arrive at Fayetteville on Monday by 5 p. m.
IN SOUTH CAROLINA. 100. From Fayetteville, N. C. by Lumberton, Barefields, Porters Ferry, Lynchville and Wil-low to George-town, once a week. Leave Fayetteville every Thursday at 2 p. m. arrive at Lynchville on Saturday by 3 p. m. Leave Lynchville on Sunday at 4 a. m. and arrive at George-town by 6 p. m. Leave George-town every Monday at 9 a. m. arrive at Lynchville by 6 p. m. Leave Lynchville on Tuesday at 4 a. m. arrive at Fayetteville the next Thursday by 10 a. m. 101. From Richmond c. h. N. C. by Parker's ferry, Chatham, Cheraw c. h. Bentonville, Darlington c. h., Pawleyville, Jeffries and the Clayhouse to Lynchville, once a week. Leave Lynchville every Tuesday at 4 a. m. arrive at Richmond c. h. on Thursday by 11 a. m. Leave Richmond c. h. every Thursday at 1 p. m. arrive at Lynchville on Saturday by 8 p. m. 102. From Charlotte, N. C. by Beggar's ferry and Hill's iron works to York c. h. S. C. once a week. Leave Charlotte c. h. every Sunday at 6 a. m. arrive at York c. h. by 6 p. m. Leave York c. h. every Saturday at 6 a. m. arrive at Charlotte by 6 p. m. 103. From Camden by Staudurg, Jamesville, Nelson's ferry and Moultrie's Corner to Charleston, three times a week. May 1 to Nov. 1—Leave Camden every Sunday, Tuesday & Thursday at 2 a. m. and arrive at Charleston in 32 hours on Monday, Wednesday and Friday at 10 a. m.— Returning —Leave Charleston every Monday, Wednesday and Friday at 2 p. m. and arrive at Camden in 33 hours on Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday at 11 p. m. 104. From Columbia by Winnsboro', Chester c. h., York c. h., Pinkneyville, Union c. h., Spartanburg, Greenville c. h., Reedy Shoal river, Pickenville, Laurens c. h., Belk and Newberry c. h. to Columbia, once a week. Leave Columbia every Monday at 5 a. m. arrive at York on Tuesday by 7 p. m. Leave York c. h. at half past 7 p. m. and arrive at Greenville c. h. on Thursday by 8 p. m. Leave Greenville c. h. on Friday at 4 a. m. and arrive at Columbia on Sunday by 6 p. m. 105. From Edgefield c. h. by Amos Richardson's, Cambridge, Southampton, Abbeville c. h. and Rocky River to Pendleton c. h. once a week. Leave Edgefield c. h. every Wednesday at 11 a. m. arrive at Pendleton c. h. next Saturday by 4 p. m. Leave Pendleton c. h. every Saturday at 9 p. m. arrive at Edgefield c. h. next Wednesday by 9 a. m. 106. From George-town to Charleston once a week. Leave George-town every Monday at 9 a. m. arrive at Charleston on Tuesday by noon. Leave Charleston every Saturday noon, arrive at George-town on Sunday by 6 p. m. 107. From Stateburg by Smpterfield, Salem and Kingstree to Will-town, once a week. Leave Will-town every Tuesday at 6 a. m. arrive at Stateburg on Wednesday at 6 p. m. Leave Stateburg every Thursday at 6 a. m. and arrive at Will-town on Friday at 7 p. m. 108. From Augusta by the Upper Three Runs, Steel Creek, Lower Three Runs and Black Swamp to Coosawhatchie, once a week. Leave Coosawhatchie every Sunday at 6 a. m. arrive at Augusta on Tuesday by 6 p. m. Leave Augusta every Thursday at 8 a. m. arrive at Coosawhatchie on Saturday by 6 p. m.
IN GEORGIA. 109. From Augusta by Little River, Lincoln c. h., Petersburg, Elberton, Franklin c. h. and Gilberts to Clarkboro', once a week. Leave Augusta every Monday at 8 a. m. arrive at Clarkboro' on Thursday by 10 a. m. Leave Clarkboro' every Thursday at 2 p. m. arrive at Augusta next Monday at 4 a. m. 110. From Augusta by Columbia c. h., Washington, Greenboro', Richardsonville, Sparta, George-town and Warrenton to Louisville, once a week. Leave Augusta every Monday at 2 p. m. arrive at Louisville on Thursday by 5 p. m. Returning —Leave Louisville every Friday at 6 a. m. arrive at Augusta next Monday by 10 a. m. 111. From Louisville by Saunderville to Fort Wilkinson, once a week. Leave Louisville every Friday at 4 a. m. arrive at Fort Wilkinson by 6 p. m. Returning —Leave Fort Wilkinson every Saturday at 8 a. m. arrive at Louisville by 8 p. m. IN TENNESSEE. 112. From Sullivan c. h. by Jonesboro' Greeneville, Cheeks Cross Roads and Dandridge to Knoxville once a week. Leave Sullivan c. h. every Friday at 6 a. m. arrive at Knoxville next Monday by 10 a. m. Leave Knoxville every Monday at 2 p. m. arrive at Sullivan c. h. next Thursday by 6 p. m. 113. From Orsville by Powell's Valley, Robinsons Mills, at the foot of Cumberland Mountain, Hazel patch, Richmond and Jessamine c. h. to Lexington once a week. Leave Orsville every Saturday noon, arrive at Lexington the next Tuesday by 6 p. m. Leave Lexington every Tuesday at 4 a. m. arrive at Orsville the next Saturday at 7 a. m. 114. From Knoxville by Sevierville to Newport once a week. Leave Knoxville every Saturday at 6 a. m. arrive at Newport Sunday by noon. Leave Newport every Thursday at noon, arrive at Knoxville on Friday by 6 p. m. 115. From Knoxville to Marysville once a week. Leave Knoxville every Saturday at 6 a. m. arrive at Marysville by 11 a. m. Leave Marysville every Saturday at 1 p. m. arrive at Knoxville by 6 p. m. 116. From Knoxville by Campbells Station, South West Point, Fort Blount, Dixons Springs, Cragfont and Hendersonville to Nashville once a week. Leave Knoxville every Friday at 2 p. m. arrive at Nashville on Monday by 8 p. m. Leave Nashville every Monday at 5 a. m. arrive at Knoxville on Friday by 10 a. m. 117. From Springfield by Port Royal and Clarksville to Palmyra once a week. Leave Springfield every Saturday at 9 a. m. arrive at Palmyra by 4 p. m. Leave Palmyra every Saturday at 8 a. m. and arrive at Springfield next day by 7 p. m. NOTES. 1. The Post-master-General may expedite the mails and alter the times of arrival and departure at any time during the continuance of the contracts, his previous stipulating an adequate compensation for any extra expense that may be occasioned thereby. 2. Fifteen minutes shall be allowed for opening and closing the mail at all offices where no particular time is specified. 3. For every thirty minutes delay (unavoidable accidents excepted) in arriving after the times preferred in any contract, the contractor shall forfeit one dollar; and if the delay continue until the departure of any depending mail, whereby the mails destined for such depending mail lose a trip, an additional forfeiture of five dollars shall be incurred. 4. Newspapers as well as letters are to be sent in the mail; and if any person, making proposals, desires to carry newspapers other than those conveyed in the mail, for his own emolument, he must state in his proposals, for what sum he will carry it with that emolument and for what sum without that emolument. 5. Should any person, making proposals, desire an alteration of the times of arrival and departure above specified, he must state in his proposals, the alterations desired, and the difference they will make in the terms of his contract. 6. Persons making proposals are desired to state their prices by the year. Those who contract will receive their pay quarterly in the months of February, May, August and November, one month after the expiration of each quarter. 7. No other than a free white person shall be employed to convey the mail. 8. Where the proposer intends to convey the mail in the body of a stage carriage, he is desired to state it in his proposals. 9. The Post-master General reserves to himself the right of declaring any contract at an end whenever three failures happen which amount to the loss of a trip each. 10. The contracts for the above routes are to be in operation on the first day of April next; and are to continue in force for one year from that time.
GIDEON GRANGER, Post-master General. General Post-Office, Washington City, Nov. 5, 1842. ept15