The national intelligencer and Washington advertiser. (Washington City [D.C.]), 1804-08-24 00:00:00

NATIONAL INTELLIGENCER, AND WASHINGTON ADVERTISER.
Vol. IV.
WASHINGTON CITY, PRINTED BY SAMUEL HARRISON SMITH, PENNSYLVANIA AVENUE.
No. DCV.
FIVE DOLLS. PER ANN.
FRIDAY, AUGUST 24th, 1804.
PAID IN ADVANCE.
For the National Intelligencer.
Mr. Editor,
A volume of that justly reputed work—Smith on the wealth of nations, having fallen lately into my hands, I was so forcibly struck with the application of his account of and observations on the Banking system in Scotland some years ago, to the Bank-mania which is now prevailing in this part of our country, that I have transcribed part of them, and take the liberty to send them to you for the purpose of giving them to the public, through the medium of your valuable paper, should you think them, or the few remarks with which they will be accompanied, worth inserting. In his chapter on “money, considered as a particular branch of the general stock &c.” Mr. Smith says,
“It is now more than five and twenty years since the paper money issued by the different banking companies of Scotland was fully equal, or rather was somewhat more than fully equal, to what the circulation of the country could easily absorb and employ. Those companies, therefore, had so long ago given all the assistance to the traders and other undertakers of Scotland, which it is possible for banks and bankers, consistently with their own interest, to give. They had even done somewhat more. They had overtraded a little, and had brought upon themselves that loss, or at least that diminution of profit, which in this particular business never fails to attend the smallest degree of overtrading. Those traders and undertakers, having got so much assistance from banks and bankers, wished to get still more. The banks, they seem to have thought, could extend their credits to whatever sum might be wanted, without incurring any other expense besides that of a few reams of paper. They complained of the contracted views and dastardly spirit of the directors of those banks, which did not, they said, extend their credits in proportion to the extension of the trade of the country; meaning, no doubt, by the extension of that trade the extension of their own projects beyond what they could carry on, either with their own capital, or with what they had credit to borrow of private people in the usual way of bond or mortgage. The banks, they seem to have thought, were in honour bound to supply the deficiency, and to provide them with all the capital which they wanted to trade with. The banks, however, were of a different opinion, and upon their refusing to extend their credits, some of those traders had recourse to an expedient, which, for a time, served their purpose, though at a much greater expense, yet as effectually as the utmost extension of bank credits could have done. This expedient was no other than the well-known shift of drawing and re-drawing, the shift to which unfortunate traders have fometimes recourse when they are upon the brink of Bankruptcy. The practice of raising money in this manner had been long known in England, and during the course of the late war, when the high profits of trade afforded a great temptation to overtrading, it had been carried on to a very great extent. From England it was brought into Scotland, where, in proportion to the very limited commerce, and to the very moderate capital of the country, it was soon carried on to a much greater extent than it ever had been in England.”
“When two people, who are continually drawing and re-drawing upon one another, discount their bills always with the same banker, he must immediately discover what they are about, and see clearly that they are trading, not with any capital of their own, but with the capital which he advances to them. But this discovery is not always so easy when they discount their bills sometimes with one banker, and sometimes with another, and when the same two persons do not constantly draw and re-draw upon one another, but occasionally run the round of a great circle of projectors, who find it for their interest to assist one another in this method of raising money, and to render it, upon that account, as difficult as possible to distinguish between a real and a fictitious bill of exchange; between a bill drawn by a real creditor upon a real debtor, and a bill for which there was properly no real creditor but the bank which discounted it; nor any real debtor but the projector who made use of the money. When a banker had even made this discovery, he might sometimes make it too late, and might find that he had already discounted the bills of those projectors to so great an extent, that, by refusing to discount any more, he would certainly make them all bankrupts, and thus, by
ruining them, might perhaps ruin himself. For his own interest and safety, therefore, he might find it necessary, in this very perilous situation, to go on for some time, endeavouring, however, to withdraw gradually, and upon that account making every day greater and greater difficulties about discounting, in order to force those projectors by degrees to have recourse, either to other Bankers, or to other methods of raising money; so as that he himself might, as soon as possible, get out of the circle. The difficulties, accordingly, which the Bank of England, which the principal bankers in London, and which even the more prudent Scotch Banks began, after a certain time, and when all of them had already gone too far, to make about discounting, not only alarmed, but enraged in the highest degree those projectors. Their own distress, of which this prudent and necessary reserve of the banks was, no doubt, the immediate occasion, they called the distress of the country; and this distress of the country, they said, was altogether owing to the ignorance, pusillanimity, and bad conduct of the Banks, which did not give a sufficiently liberal aid to the spirited undertakings of those who exerted themselves in order to beautify, improve, and enrich the country. It was the duty of the banks, they seemed to think, to lend for as long a time, and to as great an extent as they might wish to borrow. The banks, however, by refusing in this manner to give more credit to those, to whom they had already given a great deal too much, took the only method by which it was now possible to save either their own credit or the public credit of the country. In the midst of this clamour and distress a new bank was established in Scotland for the express purpose of relieving the distress of the country. The design was generous; but the execution was imprudent, and the nature and causes of the distress which it meant to relieve, were not, perhaps, well understood. This bank was more liberal than any other had ever been, both in granting cash accounts, & in discounting bills of exchange. With regard to the latter, it seems to have made scarce any distinction between real and circulating bills, but to have discounted all equally. It was the avowed principle of this bank to advance, upon any reasonable security the whole capital which was to be employed in those improvements of which the returns are the most slow and distant, such as the improvement of land.”
“To promote such improvements was even said to be the chief of the public spirited purposes for which it was instituted. By its liberality in granting cash accounts, and in discounting bills of exchange, it no doubt issued great quantities of its bank notes.”
“But those bank notes being, the greater part of them, over and above what the circulation of the country could easily absorb and employ, returned upon it, in order to be exchanged for gold and silver, as fast as they were issued. Its coffers were never well filled. The capital which had been subscribed to this bank at two different subscriptions, amounted to 160,000 pounds, of which eighty per cent. only was paid up. This sum ought to have been paid in at several different installments.”
“tions of this bank seem to have produced effects quite opposite to those which were intended by the particular persons who planned and directed it. They seem to have intended to support the spirited undertakings, for as such they considered them, which were at that time carrying on in different parts of the country; and at the same time, by drawing the whole banking business to themselves, to supplant all the other Scotch banks; particularly those established at Edinburgh, whose backwardness in discounting bills of exchange had given some offence. This bank, no doubt, gave some temporary relief to those projectors, and enabled them to carry on their projects for about two years longer than they could otherwise have done. But it thereby only enabled them to get so much deeper into debt, so that when ruin came, it fell so much the heavier both upon them & their creditors. The operations of this Bank, therefore, instead of relieving, in reality aggravated in the long run the distress which those projectors had brought both upon themselves and upon their country. It would have been much better for themselves, their creditors and their country, had the greater part of them been obliged to stop two years sooner than they actually did.”
“It does appear to me evidently, that most of the newly projected institutions of this nature have originated in the chimeras or distresses of that class of projectors which our author describes, that the real wants of the country require no such additional artificial capital, for artificial I must consider it, when I reflect that, in a community, in which the Banking system had been already dealt out with a most liberal hand by the legislative authority, by erecting those institutions no additional specie capital is called into action—but the operation is to divide with the banks previously established the deposits of specie before placed in their vaults, thereby lessening the power of the older establishments to make loans, and taking only a part of the means they before held to circulate their paper; and so far it might be innocent as related to the community at large, but from the forcing the circulation to a point beyond what the capital and resources of the country will bear, & which to accommodate their friends and to produce a good interest to their stockholders they will all, in this rival state, undoubtedly attempt, incalculable mischiefs must sooner or later be expected. The legislatures of some of the states I mention have turned their attention lately to this abuse of banks. In New-York by a law of their last session they have dissolved, what is called the merchants bank in the city of New-York, which had gone into operation without a charter;—in Massachusetts, they have passed a law prohibiting under heavy penalties the erecting any bank without a charter previously obtained, and making it necessary to the petition for a charter, that the company proposing such an establishment, should have first obtained their whole contemplated capital in specie, and by importation; it is very much to be wished that some such legislative provision, as this last, was made to embrace every portion of the union.”
“Am one of those who consider the banking system as valuable to a certain extent, but that it may be very much abused; this abuse I think I see coming now much into practice; be this as it may institutions of this nature which have such intimate relations with the general interests of our society ought not to be permitted to take off without previous legislative sanction. The interest of the community require this, that of their own stockholders make it necessary.—How far the property of every individual subscriber, over and above his stock, may be liable in case of an accident to an incorporated bank, I shall not undertake here to discuss: I know it is the opinion of some of our fondest lawyers, that no device which can be used in their articles of incorporation or in their promulgated terms of business, can subvert the great principle of the law of the land, that a partner in the profits of any trading company, a matter in how small a degree, shall be liable for the debts to the amount of his whole fortune if the company become insolvent; but a bank not incorporated as in the case with the Merchants Bank at New-York, always liable to be dissolved by legislative interference.”
“In none of the newly proposed Banks, and many might be pointed out in each project, do I see such glaring inconsistencies as in the terms of the Bank of
Potomac, as it is to be called, at Alexandria. This is really sui generis . I have before heard of no Bank erected, or attempted to be erected, not having previously obtained legislative authority, that had not, at least a charter in prospect, and which did not take originally some steps calculated to secure one. It has been reserved for the projectors of the Bank of Potomac, to undertake not only to establish a bank without the possibility of obtaining a charter, but to attempt to put such an institution into operation, under the palpable evasion of two existing laws; the one of the Congress of the United States, the other of the state of Virginia. The 12th section of the act of Congress incorporating the subscribers to the Bank of the United States, is in the following words—“ and be it further enacted that no other bank shall be established by any future law of the United States during the continuation of the corporation hereby created for which the faith of the United States is hereby pledged. ” Now Alexandria is in the District of Columbia, placed some years since under the exclusive and absolute jurisdiction of Congress. If this newly designed bank be in Alexandria—to ask for a charter of the only competent authority would be vain—to obtain it would be impossible—and how far Congress may consider, that to tolerate such an institution, would be tantamount to their sanction, and a violation of their faith thus solemnly pledged, may be well worth the reflection of its advocates—it is true, there is a provision in the articles of association, that in the event of their obtaining a charter from the state of Virginia, the bank may be removed out of town, across the lines of the District into Virginia; but what possible chance is there for a charter from that quarter? Will Virginia be more disposed to favour the prayer of the advocates, foreigners to her, living under a different government, than that of her own citizens, who from the county neighbouring to Alexandria it appears have already petitioned for a branch of the institution in which the state has largely interested herself?”
“In December 1785 the legislature of Virginia passed the following law entitled “ an act, to prevent the circulation of private Bank notes. ” “ Be it enacted, &c. That it shall not be lawful for any person to offer in payment a private Bank bill or note for money payable to bearer; and whoever shall offend herein, shall not only forfeit to the informer ten times the value of the sum mentioned in such bill or note, but may be apprehended by warrant of a justice, & upon due proof of the fact made to him or upon his own acknowledgment thereof, be bound to good behaviour, or if he afterwards offend in like manner it shall be deemed a breach of the recognizance. ” Revised code, chap. ix.
That part of the District of Columbia to the south of Potomac in which Alexandria lies contains at most a territory of four square miles. This was cut off from Virginia; all its internal trading relations are with that state; every thing she exports she buys of Virginia; every thing she imports she sells to Virginia; all the circulation then of this projected bank, if there be any, must be in Virginia, and yet, the moment her circulation begins there, it is flared full in the face, by an act entitled an act “ to prevent the circulation of private Bank notes. ” If this bank be not authorised by law, it must be, in the full import of the term, a private bank . But it may be said the notes will not be made payable to bearer in the body of the bill—that they will be filled to the teller, or any other officer of the bank, who will endorse them in blank, and thus the law will not reach the case. Surely when this blank endorsement is put on, it is intended as a means to make them payable to bearer, and it will still be a circulation “ of private bank notes; ” which by the title the law is intended to prevent—yet admit that this evasion of the letter, in the teeth of the spirit of the law, should be permitted by the courts of justice, which I cannot conceive, is it to be presumed that the state of Virginia will thus permit a paper to pervade her country long ago guarded against—and the more particularly now to the injury of the institutions she has lately established, and become interested in? Will early notice not be taken of it by her legislature, and the evasion be provided for?
Placed then as will be this singularly constituted bank between Scylla and Charybdis, should it go into operation, it is not very difficult to foresee what will be the course and duration of its career. N. P. Aug. 16th, 1804.
CONGRESS.
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES.
DEBATE on Georgia Claims.
Continued.
SATURDAY, March 10.
Mr. LYON. Although, Sir, I have no wish to assume the character of the cunning and sagacious fox of the temperate zone, I am willing to be allowed to possess a share of the magnanimity of the animal whose name has accidentally fallen to my lot, with which magnanimity I will meet the resolutions of the gentleman from Virginia. Certain I am that I come forward on this occasion with clean hands and a pure heart, wishing for a discussion of this subject, on the broadest basis. I wish to let my constituents and all the world know, the principles that govern me; I am willing to publish my creed, on all questions of civil policy involved in this or any other subject, that shall come before this house.
The gentleman from Virginia has brought forward certain resolutions, which have been published, and have been called the articles of the creed of the democrats. I am a democrat, and I am very free to declare that they are not the articles of my faith. Those articles in their present shape contain what I call political heresy, and rather than be obliged to swallow them, I would be willing to risk the imputation of schism, and should it take place in the democratic church, I am willing to leave the democratic republicans of America to judge who has been the cause of this schism. He who attempts to force his unqualified creed on the public and on Congress, or he who offers amendments and cannot swallow it, in its present crude state.
A few days since I mentioned my intention of introducing in the course of the discussion of this subject some amendments, which with others, that on deliberation I think necessary, I will now read in order to declare my intention of getting them incorporated with the original resolutions—(here Mr. Lyon read twenty-one amendments with the original resolutions of Mr. Randolph, as they would read when such amendments were incorporated) as follows:*
1. Resolved, That the legislature of the state of Georgia were, at no time, invested with the power of alienating the right of soil possessed by the good people of that state in and to the vacant territory of the same, but in a rightful manner, and for the public good: of which such legislatures are the constitutional judges.
2. That when the governors of any people shall have betrayed the confidence reposed in them, and shall have exercised that authority with which they have been clothed for the general welfare, to promote their own private ends under the basest motives, and to the public detriment; it is the unalienable right of a people, so circumstanced to revoke the authority thus abused: to resume the rights thus attempted to be battered, and to abrogate the act thus endeavouring to betray them: provided that the public faith, and the confidence necessary to be placed by men in each other, and the confidence necessary between the government and individuals, be not impaired.
3. That it is in evidence to this house, by ex parte depositions, that the act of the legislature of Georgia, passed on the seventh of January, 1795, intituled “ an act for appropriating a part of the unlocated territory of this state for the payment of the late state troops and for other purposes, ” was passed by persons under the influence of gross and palpable corruption practised by the granters of the lands attempted to be alienated by the aforesaid act, tending to enrich and aggrandize to a degree, almost incalculable, a few individuals, and ruinous to the public interest: but whether it is so or not this house is by no means competent to decide, nor does it possess the means of forming a just and impartial decision upon the subject.
4. That the good people of Georgia impressed with general indignation at this act of supposed atrocious perfidy and unparalleled corruption, with a promptitude of decision highly honorable to their character, under such impressions, did by the act of a subsequent legislature passed on the thirteenth of February, 1796, under circumstances of peculiar solemnity and finally sanctioned by the people, who have subsequently engrafted it on their constitution, which * The parts in italic, with several omissions and alterations of words, are Mr. Lyon's amendments.

To this House appears to be strong testi- mony that the said legislature had not previous right so to do, declare the proceeding act, and the grants made un- der it, in their lives, null and void, and the said act should be extinguished from the records of the state, and be publicly burnt, which was accordingly done; provision, at the same time, being made for restoring the pretended purchase money to the grantees by whom, or by persons claiming under them, part of the said purchase money has been withdrawn from the treasury of Georgia.
5. That a subsequent legislature of an individual state has no doubt right to repeal any act of a preceding legisla- ture, provided such repeal be not forbid- den by the constitution of such state or of the United States; and provided that such act is not a pledge of faith to any individual or body politic or corporate, or does not impair the vesting any indi- vidual or body politic or corporate, with any individual right.
6. That the aforesaid act of the state of Georgia, passed on the thirteenth of February 1795, was not forbidden by the constitution of that state, nor by that of the United States, unless it affected the rights of some individual or body politic or corporate.
7. That the claims of persons derived under the aforesaid act of the seventh of January, 1795, are recognized impli- catedly by compact between the United States, and the state of Georgia and by an act of the federal government, passed at the last session of the 7th con- gress:—Therefore,
Resolved, That the five millions of acres referred to for satisfying and quieting claims to the lands ceded by the state of Georgia to the United States, and ap- propriated by the act of congress passed at their last session, shall be appropriat- ed to quiet or compensate any claims de- rived under any act, or pretended act of the state of Georgia passed, or al- ledged to be passed, during the year 1795 after making provision for other claims secured by law.
These resolutions thus amended, said Mr. L. I am willing should be considered as the articles of my faith, so far as they go; but as other gentlemen have taken the liberty to depart from the ques- tion of postponement, and enter into the merits of the whole subject before the House, I hope I shall be indulged in now submitting the observations, I had contemplated to have delivered on the bill, when regularly under considera- tion.
Among the various subjects which have called for the attention of this House, the present session, I believe no one has caused so much irritation as the present, and in no one have I been more mortified to be obliged to give my vote and opinion contrary to that of many gentlemen of this House with whom I have been in the habit of thinking and acting. This makes it the more proper for me to detail the reasons which have governed the vote I have given on this occasion, and will govern those it will be necessary for me to give.
In the first place I will endeavour to take a concise view of the history of this subject as it occurs to me.
The state of Georgia claimed a great country lying between the settled part of that state and the Mississippi; part of this territory was claimed by the U. S. and I believe part by South Carolina. Georgia was with the other states (hav- ing claims on unappropriated territories) invited to cede those claims to the U. S. the acquisition of these countries hav- ing been effected by the common exert- ions of the people of all the states.— Georgia has suffered more and I believe had fought more in the revolutionary war, according to the number of her voting inhabitants, than any other state; she felt her sufferings, she met with harsh treatment and neglect from the federal government in the early part of its ad- ministration, and she was not disposed to relinquish her claim to the western country. As early as 1789 it seems the legislature of that state made a bargain to sell a great part of that country, to certain companies called the Virginia and South Carolina Yazoo companies. On account of non payment or owing to some other causes that bargain was not consummated, and the legislature of Georgia in or about the year 1795 ob- literated the bonds for sale, and did actu- ally by an act of their legislature dated 7th of January 1795, and by executive acts founded thereon, fell and convey- ed their claim and title to about 40 millions of acres of that territory, for which they received the compensation agreed on. The succeeding legislature it seems did not like the bargain their predecessors had made. They thought they did not get price enough for the land, or they thought if they did, they put too much of the money in their own pockets. Until now I never heard it con- tended that the legislature of 1795 had not as ample power to dispose of the land as any succeeding legislature would have had, in case it had not been sold. They, after declaring the sale null and void on account of its being effected by fraud, bribery and corruption, endea- voured to erase and destroy every evi- dence of the transaction. The proceed- ings of the legislature of Georgia on this subject in 1796 can on the very face of them a doubt of their ability to do
away the title given in 1795, when they endeavoured to perplex the holders of it, by the destruction of the records.
By commissioners on the part of the U. S. and on the part of Georgia, an agreement has been entered into lately by which all the title and claim remain- ing to Georgia on that territory has be- come vested in the U. S. But this has not been done without fair warning be- ing given on the part of the purchasers under the act of Georgia of 1795, wherein they state to the President their purchase and the ground of their claims.
By the act of Congress passed March 3d, 1803, the Secretary of state, Sec- retary of the Treasury and the Attorney General were authorized to receive propositions of compromise and settle- ment from the several companies of per- sons claiming lands in that territory. This law has been published and has oper- ated as an invitation to those claimants to come forward with their propositions for a compromise of their title; and pro- positions have been accordingly made which it seems it is in our power to comply with, notwithstanding the severe limitation of Georgia which does not allow the United States to give more than 5,000,000 of acres of those lands to quiet all the claims. This severe li- mitation is another strong expression on the part of Georgia of their doubt of the possibility of their doing away by acts of legislation the title given by the act of 1795. I call it a severe limita- tion, believing as I do that the legisla- tive and executive acts of Georgia did notwithstanding the alleged bribery legally and authentically convey to the purchasers in 1795 all the title of Geor- gia to the land, so sold, and I do think that the possibility of compromise ought to have been left on a broader basis.
When I saw the convention between the U. S. and Georgia, I feared at this limitation that every attempt at compromise would prove abortive, that the holders of that title would not ac- cept of what it was in the power of the U. S. to give, limited as they were in that territory. Thus all my hopes for the speedy settlement of that country were blasted, but I comforted myself before I left home with the thoughts by the acquisition of Louisiana the gov- ernment would be able to add (to what Georgia had consented should be given in compromise) a tract on the west of the Mississippi. Feeling as I do, a high interest in the settlement of that coun- try lying between me and the Ocean, & between my residence and the seats of commerce on the Mississippi, a country which is now, & has long been a har- bour for bands of the most desperate robbers and murderers that ever infested any part of North America, who al- most weekly rob or murder some of my neighbours on their return to their homes from market, the settlement of which country I well know must be retarded by the doubt of the title which is offered while two claims exist, or if settled un- der those disadvantages it must be settled by people who, not being owners of the soil, will do but little good on it. Feel- ing as I do on the subject, sir, I could not but be extremely pleased to find by the report of the committee to whom this subject has been referred, that a compromise was to be expected without looking to any other resource than the five millions of acres which Georgia had consented should be applied for that purpose.
And nothing could come more unex- pected to me than the opposition to this compromise and the arguments made use of to support this opposition.
In the first place it is urged that the claimants under the act of Georgia of '95 having obtained their title by means of bribery it cannot be valid. I fear Mr. Speaker, that if this principle was to be adopted very few titles in the United States would bear investigation. I believe it was generally understood be- fore the revolution, that there was no ap- proaching the great personage who con- trolled the lands we now inhabit his own, for the purpose of obtaining a grant, or even coming at any of his agents in Europe or America for that purpose, through any other medium than the av- enues of bribery, by presents and dona- tions which were to be distinguished even among the lowest class of domestics and I believe very little of the price of the American lands ever went into the Treas- ury, besides all other presents and dona- tions, there is supposed to be at least 350,000 acres, the best lands in New- Hampshire and Vermont which were reserved by royal governors directly for themselves, the validity to their title to which I have never heard called in question.
This principle, carried to its extent, would shake the very foundation of the title to landed property in this country; but it has happily never been adopted by any of the courts of the United States. On the contrary, those courts who have the sole power of deciding in cases like this, having the rules, maxims and precedents before them by which all disputes respecting landed property are to be settled, have decided that the title given by Georgia in 1795, is a valuable consideration that binds the obligor of a bond given for that title to pay his bond.
Were it now to be established, Sir, that the agents who were constitutionally authorized to grant out the lands of a state by interlocking themselves in the purchase, have rendered invalid the title, deplorable must be the situation of some states in this union. I remember a grant of land made by a legislature of a state, in which the name of every mem- ber was intended to be inserted as a grantee, and publicly read. I remember many other grants made in which the members were concerned to what extent they pleased, yet no fault was found. Whenever it was thought that the members acted improperly, they were punished by the neglect of their constitu- ents, but no one thought of invalidating the title.
(To be continued.) For the NATIONAL INTELLIGENCER. MR. SMITH, Sir,
HAVING observed in the letter of capt. Andrews, published in your paper of the 22nd inst. a statement of part of a conversation, I had with him, some time since, which being somewhat incorrect, and susceptible of producing an erroneous opinion of the motives which actuated me in the vote I gave on the bill for the establishment of public schools, I request you will give place in your next publication, to the following communication, which I deem necessary on this occasion. But, previously permit me to observe that I think it incorrect to give publicity to the opinion of an in- dividual expressed upon a subject in an incipient state, and before it had been brought under the consideration of the body of which he was a member, because in a subsequent discussion, additional light might be thrown upon the measure, and a free and candid reciproc- ation of ideas and information might remove prejudices, and alter opinions.
The conversation alluded to by capt. Andrews, originated in some remarks upon the effects of the freshets, which had shortly before taken place, and the injuries which the city, as well as indi- viduals, had thereby sustained. I lament- ed that the necessary repairs would re- quire a considerable expence upon the part of the corporation, and that I believ- ed the bill for the establishment of schools, then among the unfinished business of the last council, must be postponed, as, un- der existing circumstances, it might not be expedient to appropriate so large a sum of money as the bill contemplated, for that object, but I did not make use of the word "defeated" because I was not opposed to the principle of the bill, but had supposed it would be impolitic to bring it into operation during the present year.
The day on which the bill passed the First Chamber, I was not present till the latter part of the second reading of it; I then expressed my fears that the funds of the city would be inadequate to the accomplishment of this measure and other necessary purposes, and that I was apprehensive that no considerable aid would be obtained by subscription. This gave rise to a discussion, in which it was stated that the additional re- venue which the corporation would be shortly in possession of, would enable it to discharge the important duty of pro- viding for the education of youth, and at the same time carry other necessary objects into execution, and that the more liberal the endowment, the more probability there would be of obtaining generous subscriptions. These and other arguments were produced, but to recapi- tulate the whole would render this communication too prolix.
I had been desirous of modifying the bill, so as to render it more consistent with the sentiments I entertained of it, but it was then too late to attempt it, nor did I believe any effort of that na- ture would succeed, as none of the members seemed to participate in the apprehensions I had expressed, but on the contrary appeared to coincide in the arguments adduced in answer to them. This circumstance, and the information which the discussion produced, together with that I had received from an authen- tic source, that the friends of the city in Congress were induced to exert them- selves to procure the additional powers for the city, which the supplement to the act of incorporation has confined upon it, by the expectations which the applicants on the part of the late coun- cil held forth, that the produce of certain taxes would be, most probably, applied to the endowment of public schools, deter- mined me not to stand alone in the ne- gative against a bill, the principal of which I highly approved. This deter- mination will appear the more correct, when it is considered that as Ayes and Nays in the Council, upon all im- portant subjects, will be probably pub- lished hereafter, unaccompanied as they must generally be by the reasons which may have influenced the members in giv- ing their votes, it might give rise to an opinion, if I had voted in the negative on the final passage of the bill that I was hostile to a measure calculated to pro- mote the best interests of the city, and society in general.
I shall conclude by observing that the inference drawn by Mr. Andrews from what occurred in the private conver- sation between us, is founded upon erro- neous premises, he having placed my name in the list of the opponents of the bill. Firmness of mind in supporting an opinion maturely weighed, and adopted upon the best considerations is truly laud- able, but when it degenerates into a pertinacious adherence to every opinion, however hastily pronounced, or prema- turely formed, it becomes an obstinacy originating from a weak pride, which in vain courts the appearance of infalli- bility, discussion then becomes useless, and it is the acme of folly to argue with a person predetermined to resist conviction.
I am, Sir, respectfully, Yours, HENRY HERFORD. Washington 23d Aug. 1804.
WASHINGTON CITY.
FRIDAY, August 24.
The following article is taken from the Frederick Town Advocate: With the Editor of that Print we ardently hope, that an example so patiotic will be extensively imitated. On this point the Roman history is replete with use- ful lessons. During the brightest period of the Republic, when the people enjoy- ed the most liberty, no man sued for office. It was the reward of merit; and the people, even Montesquieu al- lows, bestowed it with a virtuous and enlightened discrimination. With the gradual subversion of liberty, the scene changed; the love of office became a mercenary passion; and men coveted appointments, not through patriotic, but personal motives. At first they fought by eloquence and insinuating manners, to gain the public suffrage, and had the assurance openly to urge their own pretensions. The most shameful bribe- ry and corruption followed, until a ty- rant seized the throne.
At a meeting of a number of the repub- licans of Woodbury, convened by public notice at the house of Mr. Frederick Dern, on the 4th inst the fol- lowing very spirited & truly Republi- can resolutions were unanimously en- tered into.
Mr. John Baltrick, Chairman, Mr. Joseph Hedges, Secretary.
Resolved unanimously, That this meeting highly disapprove the practice, so inimical to republican principles, of individuals announcing themselves in the public prints as candidates for of- fices in the gift of the people, and pledge themselves to oppose, by all proper means in their power, the election of any person persisting in such indelicate practice."
A portrait of Hamilton has been drawn in an Eastern print by a writer, whom the New-York Evening Post states to be Fisher Ames, which contains the following remarks:
"The body of the people, who can not feel a spirit of rivalry towards those whom they see elevated by nature and education so far above their heads, are more equitable, and supposing a compe- tent time and opportunity for informa- tion on the subject, more intelligent judges," (than their associates in coun- cil or action.)
This remark has been often made by republicans; but we do not recollect to have before traced it to a Federalist. It is worthy of remembrance.
The writer says "He (Hamilton) knew that factions had ever in the end prevailed in free states, and as he saw no security, and who living can see any ad- equate, against the destruction of that liberty which he loved," &c.
Here is an unequivocal declaration that liberty is to perish.
It is denied that Hamilton was am- bitious. "Of what, says the writer, was he ambitious? Was it of popu- larity? That weed of the dung hill, he knew, when rankest, was nearest to withering."
Again—"It may be very long before our country will want such military ta- lents. It will probably be much longer before it will again possess them."
Ought we to feel surprised at Ame- ricans, capable of avowing such senti- ments, entertaining no reluctance to proclaim ideas that necessarily lead to a dissolution of the union? The paper in which the portrait appears informs us, that is the production of one "whose writings have long given a cha- racter as they have given intelligence to New-England."
More Amity—The Leander and Cam- brian British ships of war are now cruiz- ing off Sandy Hook.
The Leander on Thursday evening captured the ship Hibberts, from Ha- vanna for this port with a cargo of ma- hogany and logwood, and sent to Hali- fax.
The ship Little Cornelia, from Bour- deaux for this port, captured on the 6th inst. by the Leander off Sandy Hook, and sent to Halifax for adjudication, was retaken by the captain, mate and cook on the 9th instant, and has put into New London.
Am. Citizen:
Capt. Jones, of the ship General Green, arrived at Philadelphia from Gaudaloupe, informs that, the day on which he failed, the crew of the New- York vessel, lately captured by the French and carried to Point Petre, were to be marched over to Bellerre. It was apprehended that but few would be able to survive the fatigue and hard- ships of this march. As a pointed indignity to the Americans, they were compelled to this cruel service, while the English prisoners were transported.
New-York paper.
We are informed by the last packet, that the British government had just ra- tified the 12th article of the American treaty, which has so long been suspend- ed. We shall be anxious to receive a confirmation of this news, so favor- able to the British Sugar Colo- nies, as it gives the American tra- ders the option of receiving the most of their cargoes in any species of our produce. This will have the effect of keeping within ourselves much of the cash which has hitherto been received by the Americans, and laid out with our enemies for sugar, coffee, &c. or laid out in the East India trade.
Jam. Pup.
BOSTON, August 14.
Capt. Lothrop, from Antwerp men- tions a report which had spread there just previous to his sailing, (June 23) that the populace of Paris had assem- bled, demanded the release of Moreau, and discovered other symptoms of dis- loyalty to the new Emperor.
From SPAIN.
Capt. Crownhill, who arrived yester- day from Cadiz, failed from thence on the 24th June. No expectations were then entertained of a war with Great- Britain. The report of an agreement between the British and French fleets off Toulon, it appears was without foundation. The rumor had prevailed at Gad- iz; but on the 20th of June his ma- jesty's ship Gibraltar arrived from the Mediterranean; and her commander informed, that the Toulon fleet had ne- ver ventured out.
NEW-YORK, August 20.
Extract of a letter from Liverpool, of 6th June, 1804, received at Phila- delphia.
"Our prints will inform you, that the report of the committee, respecting the Corn Laws, have not yet been taken fully into consideration, and it is doubted whether any thing will be done this session. We suppose that those who are interested for Ireland, in particular will contend for some better encourage- ment to the agriculture of that king- dom, and the importation of grain from thence into Great Britain, at a lower average price than that supposed. The prices of grain seem to be looking up- wards, yet the demand is languid, it has just come to our knowledge that the orders in council which were heretofore granted immediately, on application, for the admission to entry, for home con- sumption, in this country of certain goods imported in American and other foreign vessels have been refused, and in which refusal it is probable our govern- ment may persist, we think it may be useful to you to be apprised of this."
The master of the ship Barton, from Guadaloupe, has reported to the Collector of the Customs, at Charleston, S. C. the following account of an engagement which happened in lat. 19, long. 65, between a French privateer & two Ame- rican vessels which were armed without any authority from the government of the United States.
The American ship Hopewell, cap- t. Sisson, from New-York, mounting 16 six pounders, manned with 25 men, and the brig Rockland, cap- t. Atkins, from New-York, mounting 12 four pounders, and manned with 25 men, and several

Frenchmen of colour. The privateer mounted 16 six pounders, and was manned with 150 men; she was from Point-Petre, Gaudaloupe. The brig Rockland commenced the action, which lasted two hours; and it is said, that had the ship fought as well as the brig, the privateer would have been beaten off—she, however, captured both the ship and the brig. As soon as the Rockland struck to the privateer, the French people of colour who were on board of her, jumped into the sea and drowned themselves; the master and mate of the ship were both wounded, and it was supposed the master would not recover. The ship and brig lost about 16 men, killed and wounded; several men were killed and wounded on board the privateer.
The French at Gaudaloupe were much exasperated at the conduct of the Americans on board the ship and brig, and their owners; but attached no censure to the government of the United States, as the captains being without commissions, proved the arming of their vessels to be unauthorized by their country. The American seamen were confined in a dungeon, and there to remain until their trial comes on. The masters of American vessels there, offered to subscribe to supply them with necessaries, &c. but this was refused. The consideration that the Americans were affording succor to the Haytians, added to the indignation of the French at Gaudaloupe.
A few days before these vessels were captured, an American Schooner, called the Snake in the Grass, commanded by captain Mansfield, and owned by Messrs John Gardner and Co. of Salem, was taken and carried into Gaudaloupe. The vessel and cargo were condemned, and the master, mate and crew imprisoned in a dungeon, until the trial comes on.
Various were the conjectures as to the probable fate of the unfortunate American seamen.
Extract of a letter from Aux-Cayes to a gentleman in Baltimore, dated July 15.
"This will serve to inform you, that the English admiral, who has communication with the negroes of this island, has put it into the head of Dessalines to cause himself to be proclaimed "Emperor of Hayti;" and he is to be crowned in a few days at Port-au-Prince."
Extract of a letter from a gentleman at Wythe Court-house (Virginia) to his friend in Frederick Town, (Md.) dated July 30, 1804.
"We have for 12 days been clouded with a dark smoke, and this day I was informed by a gentleman from Kentucky that the Clinch mountain had sunk (for many miles) to the depth of 50 feet; after which clouds of smoke issued therefrom, so that the inhabitants at the distance of 20 miles from the place were not able to discover an object at 20 feet distance. This I suppose was occasioned by the burning of the stone-coal which is in the mountain."
GENOA, May 25.
It is probable that a peace, under the mediation of the English Consul, will shortly be effected between the American States and the Barbary States of Tripoli; as the only remaining object in dispute seems to be the extent of the tribute which the Americans are to pay the Barbary Powers.
DISCONTENT IN LOUISIANA.
We some days ago laid before our readers an extract of a letter from New Orleans, representing certain subjects which were to become the grounds of a remonstrance to Congress. Letters and papers of a subsequent date to that extract, confirm it in all its particulars, and furnish us with the proceedings on the subject. A second meeting of the inhabitants was held on the 8th of July, at which J. Etienne Bore acted as President, and Mr. Robelot, as Secretary. The President, as chairman of the committee previously appointed to draft the remonstrance, addressed the meeting in a speech of some length, in which he bears to unanimity, and perseverance in the measures they were pursuing. Several resolutions were then adopted; one, authorizing a committee to distribute the remonstrance throughout the country, and to obtain to it the names of all the inhabitants friendly to its object; another calling on the subscribers for a voluntary contribution to defray the expenses of the deputies who were to bear the representation to Congress.
A ballot also took place for the most suitable characters for this mission; upon which it appeared, that M. Derbigny had 111 votes, M. Distrehar 103, and M. Saure 67, and were accordingly declared elected.
The committee of remonstrance again addressed the meeting.
This address consisted principally of a sketch of the duties expected to be performed by the deputies. It begins by
saying, "on the issue of their embassy depends principally the future destiny of our country;" and then observes, "not that we expect that your committee will be admitted into the august presence of congress to plead the cause of their fellow-citizens; for this we cannot pretend to hope. But in the particular circles where they will find members of the legislature, they will have to answer questions, to discuss their rights, and to prove that they are legitimate." Hence they infer the necessity of the deputies being men of talents, and possessing extensive political information. They should also, it is observed, be men without affection or presumption; "for" says the committee, "remember that they are to appear in the presence of the First Magistrate of America, an illustrious sage, a philosopher, a legislator, a distinguished statesman, who will judge agreeably to strict policy, and while modesty would be wounded, and not flattered by the appearance of show, or arrogance."
FROM THE NEW-ORLEANS UNION.
We understand that on Sunday last, a patriotic meeting of French citizens was held, to take into consideration the situation of this province. That a memorial was presented to the assembly, designed hereafter, to be forwarded to congress, complaining of innumerable grievances, and boldly and magnanimously asserting the rights of the territory to be immediately incorporated into the union as an independent state. Upon this measure we shall forbear, at present, to make any comments. The memorial has not as yet been made public, nor has it been in our power to obtain the most accurate knowledge of its contents. We shall wait therefore with patience until the committee appointed to obtain subscribers to this new bill of rights, framed by citizen Livingston, and supported by citizens Bore, Tupper and others, shall design to submit it to public inspection. At present we shall be content to appeal to the sober good sense of men of all descriptions, to request them to consider and reflect what are the objects, and what will be the inevitable effect of this measure—a measure which we cannot hesitate to pronounce inconsiderate and premature, fraught with pernicious consequences, and calculated—eminently calculated, to disturb the harmony and tranquility which have hitherto been our pride as well as our security.
That the people of Louisiana have a right to remonstrate to Congress on the subject of any real grievance no man can deny who merits to be the citizen of a free country: but in all cases of popular remonstrances the quo animo is a matter of very serious consideration. In the case of Mr. Livingston's memorial it becomes a question of no little curiosity to determine what are the claims which the people, the very people who have become subscribers to it, really wish that the government of the United States should grant. To say that Louisiana is capable of forming a state at the present moment, according to the constitution of the United States, is flying more, I believe, than M. Bore could prove. As this great question however, is determined, and since we are told that it is a truth unquestionable, that we have the right not in future, but at present, and that congress have violated the treaty of cession, in not having given us before this the exercise of that right, viz. of framing a constitution of government for ourselves and becoming an independent state of the American Union, we may certainly be permitted to enquire how, and in what manner, is this state to be formed?—What is to be the extent of its territory?—Where is to be the seat of its government? and what will be the annual expense of its establishment? If these questions cannot be satisfactorily answered, we must conclude that the authors of this memorial complain of grievances, which they themselves must be conscious do not exist, and demand rights, which if congress were at this moment to grant, they would not accept. In other words, we must look for the motives of these sudden patriots, and determine for ourselves whether they are not hazarding the happiness and prosperity of this country, for the gratification of their own private views and individual ambition.
Translated from the Louisiana Monitor.
NEW-ORLEANS, July 7.
At the time when I proposed to render an account to the king, my master, of the extraordinary libel inserted in the Telegraph , No. 55, and also of the manner in which I had refuted the misrepresentations contained in that publication, in order that the respect due to the Spanish government should not be injured by men who express themselves in such violent terms, I experienced great satisfaction in being able to assure your majesty, that if one or two inhabitants clandestinely assembled, assuming the name of "Friends to the Louisianians," have expressed their disaffection to the
Spanish government, the most respectable part, and a vast majority of the inhabitants, of a far different disposition have shown their gratitude by expressing the sentiments of their hearts, in a manner by no means equivocal; as will be seen by the following letter, which has been addressed to me, signed by a considerable number of inhabitants, to evidence hereafter the gratitude with which they are penetrated, for the benefit they have experienced while under your majesty's government.
(Signed) THE MARQUIS DE CASA CALVO.
To the Marquis De Casa Calvo, commissary of his Catholic majesty in Louisiana.
Sir, There is no inhabitant of Louisiana, at least within our knowledge or acquaintance, who could have read without the most lively emotions, the extract from the royal orders, which you caused to be inserted in the "Moniteur" of the 27th of last month.
This last act of uncommon beneficence on the part of a government towards a people no longer governed by its laws, completes the numberless proofs which his Catholic majesty has never ceased during the course of forty years to give us of his solicitude and tender affection towards us. At the same time, it will forever secure to his Catholic majesty, the respect and gratitude of all his ancient and faithful subjects in Louisiana.
These sentiments, be persuaded, sir, are general, in the hearts of all honest men among us. I regard them, and permit not his Catholic majesty to be made acquainted with the vile imprecations which a few base and doubtful obscure individuals have dared to utter against his government, in the 55th number of the "Telegraph." The veil with which these wretches have carefully concealed themselves attests at once their turpitude and the shame which they themselves feel for their conduct. Observe also the general indignation which they have excited, and you will be yourself convinced, and ready to assure his majesty, that if Louisiana contains in its bosom a few perfidious and ungrateful beings, by far the greatest proportion of its inhabitants is composed of men, upright, faithful, grateful, and in a word worthy, by their attachment to his august person, of the numerous benefits which they have received at his hands.
We are, with respect sir; Your most humble, and most Obedient Servants. (Here follows the signature) Certified conformable to the original, MARQUIS DE CASA CALVO.
* The remaining inhabitants would have followed the example, if time, and the distance of their residence had permitted.
ERRATA.
In the communication of George Andrews after the word "Bill" insert NEWS : Captain SMALLWOOD permitted his NAME to be inserted among the AYES , not wishing to appear a solitary NAY , believing the time premature for the establishment; our funds being so inadequate at present.
Notice to Subscribers.
SUBSCRIBERS to the National Intelligencer in arrears are requested to make immediate payment. It may be proper to remind subscribers, that the indispensable term of the Paper is the annual payment of Five Dollars in advance; and that unless the term be complied with, their papers will be discontinued.
Valuable property FOR SALE.
I WILL sell on reasonable terms the farm on which I reside, containing about 1000 acres of valuable land. The soil is well adapted to wheat, corn and tobacco, and the cedar and locust which puts up in every uncultivated spot will afford a never failing supply of wood and timber. The farm is handsomely situated on the Patuxent river, and commands an elegant and extensive view. Its form is nearly a square, one side of which is bounded by the river, and another by Battle creek which is deep and navigable for the largest vessels employed in the Bay trade, so that the farm may be enclosed at half the labor and expense that would be required by one of equal size that is not so fortunately situated. It is very convenient to the Baltimore, Norfolk and George-Town markets, to either of which places the produce may be safely and expeditiously conveyed in vessels that can lie along side the beach for the purpose of receiving it. The improvements are a new two story dwelling house, not quite finished, containing four commodious rooms and a large passage through the house on each floor and a cellar beneath of the same form and dimensions—An excellent granary, corn house, stables, &c.—the river and creek abound in the different seasons with fish, oysters and wild fowl of the best quality.
The terms of sale may be known by application to MICHAEL TANEY. Calvert County, Aug. 23—3w.
WANTED TO HIRE, for one or two years.
A middle aged BLACK WOMAN, who is acquainted with washing, ironing and plain cooking—It will be expected that she produces satisfactory testimonials as to character, and that she has no followers.
ALSO, A Black Girl, of from 12 to 15 years of age, who has been accustomed to tend on children, and wait at table. The wages of both for the whole time will if required, be paid in advance. Enquire of the Printer. August 23—3r.
In the case of CHARLES NEVITT AN INSOLVENT DEBTOR.
District of Columbia, Washington County, to wit:—
On the petition of Charles Nevitt an insolvent debtor confined in the prison of Washington county, for debt. It is ordered that notice be given to the creditors of the said Charles Nevitt, that on the 19th day of August, inst. at 3 o'clock A. M. at the court room in the Capitol, the oath of an insolvent debtor will be administered to the said Charles Nevitt and a trustee appointed agreeably to the act, for the relief of insolvent debtors within the district of Columbia, unless sufficient cause be then and there shown to the contrary. It is also ordered that this notice be published in the National Intelligencer and Washington Federalist, twice prior to said day.
By order of the hon. Wm. Cranch, assistant judge of the circuit court of the district of Columbia.
URIAH FORREST CLK. August 23—2t.
To be Sold,
On Thursday the 27th day of September on the premises to the highest bidder, if not disposed of by private sale before that day.
THE tract of land whereon I now live in Fairfax Co. Virginia, on Popes Head creek, containing 55 acres, the situation is agreeable and healthy; there is on it an excellent mill seat on the above mentioned creek, with an inexhaustible quantity of grey free stone, and an abundance of good red and white oak, poplars, and hickory timber to erect the dam and necessary buildings on the spot; there is on this creek which washes this tract, for about two miles, a very considerable portion of the first quality meadow land, there is a considerable quantity of fresh land, just opened, and nearly half of the tract to cut; it is situated about 20 miles of George Town, Washington, Alexandria and Dumfries, it is considered the best piece of forest land in the country—the terms of payment will be one third paid down, one third in 12 months and the other third in three years; an indispensable title will be made to the purchaser. The public is assured that the sale will take place if not privately disposed of before the day of sale, as I am determined to remove to the state of Kentucky this fall—Also on the same day and place, will be sold, all my stock of every sort, plantation utensils, household and kitchen furniture and the present crop now on hand for ready cash.
THOMAS POLLARD. August 22—tdof
TO BE SOLD
On Tuesday 28th August, at Rhodes's Hotel on a credit of 6 and 12 months by notes negotiable, bearing interest with approved endorses in either the George Town or City banks.
A Complete two story BRICK HOUSE, in 14th street west in this city, now in the occupation of the subscriber, containing on the ground floor 2 parlors and kitchen, on the second floor, 3 bed rooms, servant rooms over the kitchen, a good cellar, paved yard, pump with excellent water within 20 feet of the premises—the above premises are in complete repair and fit for the reception of a small general family—the house covers 25 feet front and the title from the commissioners.
At the same time and place will be sold two bay horses, on credit of six months, one 15 hands 1 inch high, steady in harness, six years old and fine figure; the other 14 hands 3 inches, quiet in harness and rides pleasant and well, his quality's well known for two years in this city; also a strong chaise with head & harness complete, and one qr. cask of old Madeira wine of the first quality.
Sale to commence at 4 o'clock precisely. W. M. LOVELL. August 6—11t.
District of Columbia, Circuit court for the County of Washington, August 7 1804.
ON the report of Charles A. Burnett of the sale made by him as trustee of the property decreed to be sold in the suit of Niman Macgruder against Ann Seyle and others, defendants in Chancery.
It is ordered that the sale be ratified and confirmed unless a certificate to the contrary be shown on or before the 25th day of August inst. Provided a copy of this order be inserted at least three times prior to that day in each of the papers in which the sale was advertised. The report states that the said property was purchased by Daniel Reinzel at the sum of twenty four hundred and fifty dollars.
URIAH FORREST CLK. Aug. 7—3r.
RUNAWAY.
WAS committed to the jail of Washington county, in the state of Maryland, on the 24th inst. a negro man named ANTHONY, about 28 years old, has on a country linen shirt and checked linen trousers; he says he belongs to a person of the name of Dorsey, who bought him of a certain Lewis Spiece of this country, and that he ran away from the said Dorsey, near Winchester in Virginia, who he supposed was taking him to the state of Georgia. If his owner does not release him, he will be sold for his jail fees agreeably to law.
N. ROCHESTER, Sheriff of Washington county. August 13—w3t.
(BY AUTHORITY.) Scheme of a Lottery.
To build an Academy in the city of Richmond.
   1 Prize—last drawn ticket, having a blank to its number, Dollars.     1 do. 20,000   1 do. 10,000   5 do. of 1,000 5,000   6 do. of 500 3,000   10 do. of 200 2,000   20 do. of 100 2,000   100 do. of 50 5,000   250 do. of 20 7,500   420 do. of 10 10,500   1,500 do. of 5 30,000   3,000 do. of 1 45,000  
   1 first drawn ticket after 1,000 having a blank to its number, Dollars.     1 do. after 2,000 do. 250   1 do. do. 3,000 do. 250   1 do. do. 4,000 do. 250   1 do. do. 5,000 do. 500   1 do. do. 6,000 do. 500   1 do. do. 8,000 do. 500   1 do. do. 10,000 do. 500   1 do. do. 12,000 do. 500   1 do. do. 13,000 do. 500   1 do. do. 14,000 do. 1,000  
5,325 prizes, 9,575 blanks, not two to a prize. 15,000 tickets at 10 dollars each, 150,000 N. B. Prizes subject to a deduction of 15 per cent.
This lottery has been authorized by the legislature of Virginia, for the laudable purpose of erecting a seminary of learning in or near the metropolis of this state. With this view, it is contemplated to raise 20,000 dollars and 2,500 dollars, in addition, for defraying the expenses attendant on drawing the lottery. Citizens of the first respectability have been selected as trustees, and they have pledged themselves to use their utmost exertions to carry it into effect. The scheme has the advantage of giving to each adventurer, a chance for some very large prizes, whilst the proportion of prizes to blanks, is so great as to invite the friends of the intended institution to partake in the lottery, with very little risk of their becoming losers. The treasurer of the state is to be appointed to receive the money for the tickets as they are sold, and to pay the amount of the prizes to the fortunate adventurers. It is believed that the above considerations will induce a rapid sale of tickets, and the drawing will commence as soon as a sufficient number shall be sold to authorize it—which it is believed will be on the second Monday in December next.
Richmond, March 3—14 55 Tickets to be had of Robert Pollard Esq. John Brockenbrough, jun. Wm. Price (Esq.) Samuel Pleasants, jun. and William Pritchard.
HAT MANUFACTURY.
The subscriber informs his customers and the public generally that he has discontinued business in the city of Washington, and has opened shop on Bridge street near the Union Tavern—he solicits the continuance of former customers, and hopes that all others who may chance to call and purchase his manufacture will be amply suited, if nettles and goodnes be requisites.
JOEL BROWN. George Town, Feb. 17—tf
Travellers Hall.
THE subscriber has lately been induced from the rapid increase of his custom to purchase a lot of ground adjoining that on which he lives for the purpose of building a dining room and assembly room, each 54 feet by 24 feet 10 inches with six additional lodging rooms, and intends to finish them before the ensuing winter; which together with his tavern and stables will occupy a front of near one hundred feet, in the most agreeable part of the town and in the center of business being on the highest part of the public square.
He has considerably increased the furniture &c of his house and stables. His domestics and servants are of the most faithful dispositions and properly qualified for the departments to which they are assigned. He has a constant supply of the best stable forage; imported and country provisions, imported liquors, &c. of the first quality, foreign newspapers, &c. And his ice will most probably last through the hot weather.
The distinguished preference which the first characters have already given him, fills him with gratitude. He offers his sincere thanks to all his good friends and begs leave to assure them that either his time or his purse shall be spared in attempting to render the Travellers Hall a house of entertainment for GENTLEMEN GOZZERS ONLY, equal to any in America.
P. PRADLEY. Lexington, Kentucky, June 12, 1804.
A stage runs from the Travellers Hall to the Olympic Springs in the Gouger, and to Frankfort during the sessions of assembly. June 19—3m
Valuable property FOR SALE.
THE subscriber will sell his Plantation adjoining the town of Upper Marlinton in Prince Georges county, containing eight hundred acres. This plantation is considered among the best in the neighbourhood, it is well adapted to the growth of wheat, Indian corn and fine tobacco, and has a great sufficiency of wood for its support. The improvements are a large and commodious dwelling house, with every other necessary buildings for the accommodation of a large and genteel family, all in good repair. There are also on the premises several large tobacco houses, corn houses, stables, &c. most of which are almost new—A it is presumed that those who are desirous to purchase would wish to view the premises, it is thought unnecessary to be more minute. A liberal credit will be given. For further particulars apply to N. Daniel Crantler residing within eight mile of Washington or to the subscriber.
DAVID CRANTLER. Upper Marlinton July 23—12m The purchaser may be accommodated with negroes, farming utensils, and stock of every kind, W.

County of Washington,
In the District of Columbia, to wit:
WHEREAS Washington Boyd, collector of the county tax, for the county of Washington has this day returned to the Board of commissioners of said county, the following list of Lands and Lots of ground in said county on which there is no personal property to pay the said taxes—to wit:
(Concluded.)
Table with columns for names and lot details. Includes Ephraim Mills, Barbara Marshall, Stephen Moylan, James Mewburn, Thomas Morton, Ebenezer Mackie, Morris Nicholson, Anthony Van Manen, Henry McCreep, R. M. ore, James M'Henry, Michael Nicholas, H. Nicholls, Benjamin Oden, Town sq 485, Aaron Ritenover, Matthias Ritenover, John Randall, Wm. Robinson, Wm. Ragan, Matthew Ridley, David Rofs, Henry Rozier, R. Oles and Higdon, Stoddard & Templeman, Isaac Pollock, Saml. Porter, Henry Pauling, Thos. Pease, Catherine Powell, Edward Parkinson, J. Penrose, Wm. Prentice, James Piercy, Wm. Prout, Wm. Prout and Wm. King, Peter Holmead, David Pollock, Peter and Bayly, Pratt, Francis, and others, Christian Schells, Richard Snowden, Henry Stall, George Small, Jacob Snyder, Michael Shanks, Sarah Slater, John Smarts, George Slay, Jonathan Slaters, Charles Stuart, John Smith, Joseph Slater.
Table with columns for lot numbers and square footages. Includes lots 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13, 14 15 16 sq 436, 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12, 13 14 15 16 17 18 19, 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27, 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35, 36 37 38 39 40 41 42, 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50, 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60, 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70, 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80, 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90, 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100, 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110, 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120, 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130, 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140, 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150, 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160, 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170, 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180, 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190, 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200, 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210, 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220, 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230, 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240, 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250, 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260, 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270, 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280, 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289 290, 291 292 293 294 295 296 297 298 299 300, 301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 310, 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 319 320, 321 322 323 324 325 326 327 328 329 330, 331 332 333 334 335 336 337 338 339 340, 341 342 343 344 345 346 347 348 349 350, 351 352 353 354 355 356 357 358 359 360, 361 362 363 364 365 366 367 368 369 370, 371 372 373 374 375 376 377 378 379 380, 381 382 383 384 385 386 387 388 389 390, 391 392 393 394 395 396 397 398 399 400, 401 402 403 404 405 406 407 408 409 410, 411 412 413 414 415 416 417 418 419 420, 421 422 423 424 425 426 427 428 429 430, 431 432 433 434 435 436 437 438 439 440, 441 442 443 444 445 446 447 448 449 450, 451 452 453 454 455 456 457 458 459 460, 461 462 463 464 465 466 467 468 469 470, 471 472 473 474 475 476 477 478 479 480, 481 482 483 484 485 486 487 488 489 490, 491 492 493 494 495 496 497 498 499 500, 501 502 503 504 505 506 507 508 509 510, 511 512 513 514 515 516 517 518 519 520, 521 522 523 524 525 526 527 528 529 530, 531 532 533 534 535 536 537 538 539 540, 541 542 543 544 545 546 547 548 549 550, 551 552 553 554 555 556 557 558 559 560, 561 562 563 564 565 566 567 568 569 570, 571 572 573 574 575 576 577 578 579 580, 581 582 583 584 585 586 587 588 589 590, 591 592 593 594 595 596 597 598 599 600, 601 602 603 604 605 606 607 608 609 610, 611 612 613 614 615 616 617 618 619 620, 621 622 623 624 625 626 627 628 629 630, 631 632 633 634 635 636 637 638 639 640, 641 642 643 644 645 646 647 648 649 650, 651 652 653 654 655 656 657 658 659 660, 661 662 663 664 665 666 667 668 669 670, 671 672 673 674 675 676 677 678 679 680, 681 682 683 684 685 686 687 688 689 690, 691 692 693 694 695 696 697 698 699 700, 701 702 703 704 705 706 707 708 709 710, 711 712 713 714 715 716 717 718 719 720, 721 722 723 724 725 726 727 728 729 730, 731 732 733 734 735 736 737 738 739 740, 741 742 743 744 745 746 747 748 749 750, 751 752 753 754 755 756 757 758 759 760, 761 762 763 764 765 766 767 768 769 770, 771 772 773 774 775 776 777 778 779 780, 781 782 783 784 785 786 787 788 789 790, 791 792 793 794 795 796 797 798 799 800, 801 802 803 804 805 806 807 808 809 810, 811 812 813 814 815 816 817 818 819 820, 821 822 823 824 825 826 827 828 829 830, 831 832 833 834 835 836 837 838 839 840, 841 842 843 844 845 846 847 848 849 850, 851 852 853 854 855 856 857 858 859 860, 861 862 863 864 865 866 867 868 869 870, 871 872 873 874 875 876 877 878 879 880, 881 882 883 884 885 886 887 888 889 890, 891 892 893 894 895 896 897 898 899 900, 901 902 903 904 905 906 907 908 909 910, 911 912 913 914 915 916 917 918 919 920, 921 922 923 924 925 926 927 928 929 930, 931 932 933 934 935 936 937 938 939 940, 941 942 943 944 945 946 947 948 949 950, 951 952 953 954 955 956 957 958 959 960, 961 962 963 964 965 966 967 968 969 970, 971 972 973 974 975 976 977 978 979 980, 981 982 983 984 985 986 987 988 989 990, 991 992 993 994 995 996 997 998 999 1000.
Table with columns for names and lot details. Includes lots 4 5 sq 845, 923 lot 3 sq 999, 843 lot 9 sq 819, 340 lots 3 4 5 sq 810, Henry Slater lot 6 sq 876, Andrew Smith lots 6 7 20, 21 sq 1077, Wm. Simmes half of lot 8 sq 787, Alex. Shaw half of lot 787, John H. Stare lots 17 18 sq 24, 24 lot 7 sq 159, Nicholas Sluby lots 7 8 sq 105, Jacob Stiner jun. lot 14 sq 105, J. Strange lot 7 sq 127, Walter Stuart lots 8 9 10 11 sq 200, Arthur Shaaff lot 12 sq 214, Francis Shicard lot 1 sq 253, Evan Thomas lot 5 sq 662, 2 sq 59, Richard Tilghman lot 9 sq 598, 598 lot 3 sq 660, 665 lot 12 sq 666, Matthew Tilghman lot 11 sq 601, 601 lot 1 sq 708, James Tomkins part of sq 651, James Tilghman lot 6 sq 663, 15 sq 703, Henry Liens part of sq 690, Ann Tarvin lot 2 sq 702, Edward Tilghman lot 4 sq 703, Thompson and Kennedy lot 1 sq 291, Joseph Thomas lot 13 sq 785, Henry Warman lot 18 sq 81, Appolonia Whitehair lot 10 sq 102, Joseph Wilson sq 103, Thomas Williams lot 2 sq 121, William and E. Waugh half of lot 6 sq 122, John Winters lot 4 sq 123, John C. Wilson part of lot 4 sq 142, Henry Walter lot 9 sq 143, Thomas Wand lot 13 sq 256, B. Wigells heirs half of lot 1 sq 57, William Wooten lot 16 sq 610, 610 lot 4 sq 599, Brazil Waning lot 5 sq 599, James Wharton lot 10 sq 705, lot 6 sq 600, lot 9 sq 667, Ambrose White part of sq 695, Thomas Wilson part of sq 738, John Wilson part of sq 825, Wm. Wilson part of sq 1046, Washington Association sq north of sq 137, sq 156, sq 157, sq 445, Nathan Walker and James Thompson lot 5 sq 759, Wm. Wilson lot 10 sq 864, Levin Winder lots 6 7 8 sq 213, David Williamson lots 6 7 sq 291, Elias Youngman south of sq 104, Wm. Yates lot 1 sq 258, Abraham Young's heirs lots 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 983, 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 982, 984, 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 1027, 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 1028, 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 1030, 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 1032, 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 1033, 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 1034, 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 1035, 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 1036, 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 1037, 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 1038, 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 1039, 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 1040, 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 1041, 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 1042, 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 1043, 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 1044, 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 1045, 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 1046, 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 1047, 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 1048, 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 1049, 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 1050, 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 1051, 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 1052, 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 1053, 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 1054, 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 1055, 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 1056, 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 1057, 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 1058, 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 1059, 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 1060, 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 1061, 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 1062, 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 1063, 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 1064, 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 1065, 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 1066, 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 1067, 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 1068, 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 1069, 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 1070, 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 1071, 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 1072, 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 1073, 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 1074, 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 1075, 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 1076, 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 1077, 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 1078, 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 1079, 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 1080, 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 1081, 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 1082, 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 1083, 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 1084, 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 1085, 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 1086, 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 1087, 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 1088, 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 1089, 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 1090, 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 1091, 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 1092, 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 1093, 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 1094, 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 1095, 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 1096, 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 1097, 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 1098, 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 1099, 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 1100, 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 1101, 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 1102, 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 1103, 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 1104, 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 1105, 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 1106, 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 1107, 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 1108, 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 1109, 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 1110, 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 1111, 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 1112, 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 1113, 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 1114, 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 1115, 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 1116, 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 1117, 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 1118, 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 1119, 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 1120, 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11