The national intelligencer and Washington advertiser. (Washington City [D.C.]), 1805-04-08 00:00:00

NATIONAL INTELLIGENCER, AND WASHINGTON ADVERTISER.
VOL. V. WASHINGTON CITY, PRINTED BY SAMUEL HARRISON SMITH, PENNSYLVANIA AVENUE. NO. DOCH. FIVE DOLLARS PER ANNUM. MONDAY, APRIL 8th, 1805. PAID IN ADVANCE.
IMPEACHMENT. OF JUDGE CHASE.
MONDAY, FEBRUARY 18.
[Continued.]
WILLIAM MARSHALL called in. Mr. Randolph. Have you not been clerk of the federal court ever since its establishment.
A. Yes, Sir.
Mr. Randolph. Have you ever known an instance of the circuit court adjourning from one time to another, and in the interim holding another court.
A. I knew it once to adjourn from Tuesday to Friday. I have never known it hold another court in the interim.
Mr. Randolph. Was that in relation to a particular case.
A. Yes, Sir. The adjournment took place to give the gentlemen of the bar an opportunity of qualifying in the superior court.
Mr. Harper. We have heard in this case much about political opinions, and of the effects they were intended to have on the trial of Callender. What was the political character of Mr. Nelson, district attorney, at that time?
A. I considered his politics as violently opposed to the then administration of the general government.
Mr. Harper. Was he in strong and decided opposition to it?
A. He was at that time.
Mr. Harper. Do you know any instances that occurred before Judge Chase went to Richmond, of a decision in the circuit court that the state law of Virginia respecting the affixing the fine by the jury did not apply in that court, and what were they?
A. There had been two instances of indictment in the circuit court at Richmond. In one case Judge Iredell presided, and in the other Judge Wilson. In both it was decided that the jury should not affix the fine, but the court. The indictment in one case was quashed; and in the other the judgment was arrested, so that the decisions were not final.
Mr. Nicholson. In what manner did the court decide that the jury should not affix the fine?
A. In one case the jury was about to be sworn—when the court said they would certainly affix the fine.
Mr. Nicholson. Was any question made of the right of the jury to affix the fine?
A. It was mentioned; but was not, I think, decided.
To an interrogatory put, Mr. Marshall answered—that he knew a case in which a capias issued, it was a case in which a felon was rescued from the civil authority.
Mr. Martin. Was he tried the same term he was arrested?
A. Not in that case; but I have known repeated trials the same term; and in some instances trials have been had the same day the indictment was found.
Mr. Randolph. Have you known motions to be made for a continuance, and what was the decision?
A. I have generally agreed to them; but not as a matter of right.
Mr. Nicholson. In what courts were you public prosecutor?
A. In the court of Hustings for the city of Richmond.
Mr. Nicholson. Was that court created by a law of the corporation?
A. No, Sir, by an act of the assembly.
Mr. Nicholson. You stated that in going to Judge Chase's lodgings you met Mr. Heath, I think in the passage?
A. I stated that I was uncertain whether I met him within or without the house.
Mr. Nicholson. Are you rather inclined to think that you met him in the passage?
A. I cannot speak with certainty.
Mr. Nicholson. How is the door of Judge Chase's chamber situated as to the other parts of the house?
A. As well as I recollect there is but one door in a narrow passage leading to Judge Chase's room.
Mr. Nicholson. Are there other doors leading to the passage?
A. I believe there are—but I am not certain, as I have not been at the house since Judge Chase lodged there, and had not been there before.
Mr. Clark. Did I understand you to say that misdemeanors are tried on the same term that the indictment is found?
A. Yes, Sir.
Mr. Clark. How was the defendant got into court?
A. He was bound in a recognizance.
Mr. Randolph. Was it at Crouch's tavern that Judge Chase lodged?
A. I do not know where he lodged—His sitting room was in the upper end of the house.
Mr. Randolph. The house stands on the side of a hill, and may be said to have two ground floors; was his room on the upper or lower floor.
A. He sat in a room on the upper floor.
Mr. Harper. Do you recollect instances of motions for postponement which you opposed?
A. Yes, Sir—I recollect one such instance in which a man was charged with receiving a hoghead of tobacco, and was imprisoned six months and fined one hundred dollars.
President. I understand that you were prosecutor for the commonwealth of Virginia?
A. I was, Sir—I was appointed to prosecute for Richmond, while colonel Innes was attorney general. I applied to him, and to his successor, Mr. Brooks, for information as to the practice; but I could never find that there was a fixed practice. I therefore acted according to my best judgment.
Mr. Harper said that before he proceeded in the examination of other witnesses he would correct a misapprehension which had arisen with regard to the testimony of Mr. D. M. Randolph. For the purpose of correcting it he would read a letter he had just received from that gentleman.
[Mr. Harper here read the letter to show that though Mr. Hay had in conversation with Mr. Randolph stated his opinion that it would be either impossible, or extremely difficult to find Callender, and his belief that he would surrender next term, yet it was not the impression of Mr. Randolph that this was done to influence him in the discharge of his official duty.]
Mr. Nicholson observed that he wished, at this stage of the trial, to suggest a question which had arisen in his mind. Some of the witnesses on the part of the prosecution were absent. He did not know whether the court considered itself authorized to issue attachments for absent witnesses. There were some witnesses absent whose testimony the managers were extremely anxious to obtain. If the court deemed itself authorized to issue attachments, he would make a motion to that effect.
President. The court cannot take order on hypothetical cases. If any witnesses summoned have disobeyed the orders of the court, the court will take proper order for securing their attendance on a proposition being made to that effect.
Mr. Harper. I will proceed to show the practice of the circuit court in the state of Maryland, where Judge Chase resided, and also in Delaware. It has been a common practice in Maryland ever since the federal courts were organized, to adjourn, whenever a necessity for it appeared to the court to exist. In the state of Maryland there is no limitation to the session of the state courts.
JUDGE WINCHESTER called in. Mr. Harper. Do you at an adjourned court try causes?
A. No doubt. We progress with causes at an adjourned court, in the same manner as at an original court.
Mr. Harper. Do you not try criminal as well as civil actions?
A. I do not recollect any instances of criminal cases. We have very few instances of criminal cases in the circuit court.
Mr. Harper. Has this practice existed as long as the court has existed?
A. It has been the constant practice ever since I was on the bench. A postponement often takes place for the convenience of the bar—to allow time for making up the issues, which cannot be done during the hurry of business.
Mr. Harper. Has Judge Chase ever adjourned the circuit court for Baltimore, and after holding a court in Delaware, opened the adjourned court at Baltimore?
A. I do not recollect. I think there was one case of an adjournment, during the interval of which he went to Delaware.
Mr. Key. The circuit meets at Baltimore on the first Monday of May—and the general court of Maryland at Annapolis on the first Tuesday of the same month. Do you recollect an instance of the circuit court adjourning
the first week in May to September, and that a circuit court was in the mean time held by Judge Chase in Delaware.
A. I do not recollect this precisely. But I recollect the circuit court having adjourned from May to September; and I believe Judge Chase held a court in Delaware in the mean time.
Mr. Randolph. Have you ever known any other judge to make a similar adjournment?
A. I do not recollect. There is very little business in the circuit court, and generally all the business is transacted without a necessity for an adjournment.
Mr. Key. It has been the invariable practice of the circuit court to adjourn to intervening periods between the stated terms, at the discretion of the court—also in the state courts.
A. It has.
WILLIAM RAWLE called.
Mr. Harper. Please to state what you know of the practice of the circuit court for Pennsylvania as to adjournments and meeting in the intervening time?
A. The first time I recollect the subject to have been discussed in the Pennsylvania district, was when Mr. Jay presided. On some occasion, which I do not remember, it accorded with the views of the court to adjourn for a few days, or perhaps a week. At first I was inclined to doubt whether this could be done. Mr. Jay and Mr. Peters called upon me to state my ideas, and desired me to consider the case and look at the acts of Congress. The next day I gave it as my opinion that the court had a right to adjourn as the length of their session was not limited by law. Mr. Jay and Mr. Peters were of the same opinion; but what took place I do not recollect.
I recollect in 1795, at the trials arising out of the Western insurrection, many of the trials lasted till 3 or 4 o'clock in the morning, and that in one instance the court adjourned from the 16th to the 18th of the month. I recollect, another instance, when Judge Chase presided, where at the instance of the bar, an adjournment took place until the first Monday in August, and that the court met that day, and did some chancery business.
Another instance in which the question was discussed was during the trials before Judge Iredell arising out of the Northern insurrection. Mr. Iredell then thought it the safest way for him to come to the court at 10 o'clock, and adjourn the court from day to day, stating however that he did not know that this was necessary.
The next instance I recollect was in the year 1804 when Judge Washington presided, when, at my instance, in consequence of large bodies of land having been ordered to be sold, the court adjourned from May to some day in July. I do not recollect any other instances.
Mr. Harper. Do you recollect an adjourned court being contemplated to be held in January?
A. I do. Judge Washington agreed with Judge Peters, if the yellow fever should occur at the usual time of holding the court, that the latter should open and adjourn the court. But the calamity not occurring that year, there was no necessity for the adjournment.
Mr. Randolph. Did not the first case you mentioned arise from Mr. Jay having been appointed an envoy extraordinary?
A. I do not recollect.
Mr. Hopkinson. Is it not the invariable practice of the court of common pleas to do every species of common business at an adjourned court.
A. Unquestionably—The period of the adjourned court is regularly fixed; and all the jury trials take place at an adjourned court.
Mr. Harper said that he considered it his duty to do justice to a gentleman (Mr. Nicholas) to whose testimony he had alluded in his remarks on opening the defence. He had stated that it could be proved, contrary to his testimony, that he had himself issued a capias in a particular case. He had since inspected the record, and found that it did not warrant the inference.
Mr. Harper then said that to show what was the practice in Virginia he would call Mr. E. Lee.
EDMUND LEE called.
Mr. Harper. Please to inform the court whether you are acquainted with the criminal practice in any and what parts of Virginia.
A. I have been a practitioner of the
law for about nine years. My practice has been confined to the upper court in three counties, and to one district court. I have never appeared in the character of a public prosecutor; but generally in defence of the accused. In the county courts of Virginia, the usual practice on presentments for offences not capital, and not prosecuted by way of indictment, is to issue a summons. There are some offences, which according to the laws of Virginia, are tried solely by the court without the intervention of a jury—such as neglect of duty on the highway, profane swearing, Sabbath breaking. When the grand jury present offences of this sort, the penalty attached to a number of which does not exceed five dollars, a summons issues against the party to appear at the next court, and on his appearance the court examine him and proceed to judgment.
There are also some offences which may be prosecuted before the district court, when the penalty does not exceed five dollars. In these cases the court also proceeds to judgment without the intervention of a jury.
There are other offences solely prosecuted by way of information. On a presentment by a grand jury, a summons issues.
But in the courts in which I have practised, I have never known a summons against a person to answer an indictment for any offence. The practice in the courts in which I have had occasion to attend is this; when the party is proceeded against by indictment, the attorney for the state sends the indictment to the same grand jury that found the presentment—they return it a true bill; and a capias is then issued.
Mr. Harper. Then the distinction is between indictable offences, and those founded on presentment or information.
A. Yes, Sir.
Mr. Harper. I understand you to say that it is the practice to issue a capias in cases as low as assault and battery.
A. In the county courts.
Mr. Harper. Do you recollect a question lately made under the law of Virginia in the district of Columbia.
A. Yes, Sir. In the district court for Alexandria it has been determined on argument that a capias is the proper process on all indictments; and Mr. Mason, who has for some years prosecuted on the part of the United States has in all cases for assault and battery issued a capias.
Mr. Harper. And this under the law of Virginia?
A. Yes, Sir—the laws of Virginia are by act of Congress made the law for Alexandria.
Mr. Lee. Is a capias the mode of process for misdemeanors used in Virginia?
A. That is either used, or a warrant.
Mr. Randolph. I wish to know whether it is regular to take the professional opinions of witnesses?
President. Gentlemen are enquiring into the practice.
Mr. Lee. Is not a capias the usual mode of process for arresting offenders for misdemeanors?
A. I never knew any other mode.
Mr. Randolph. You have mentioned that it is usual for a capias to issue on an indictment. Did you ever know a capias to issue on a presentment?
A. I have not when the punishment is only fine.
Mr. Randolph. When a capias issued in the cases you have mentioned, when was it returnable?
A. To the next court.
Mr. Clark. Where bail is required, is it not the practice to take the engagement of the attorney instead of security?
A. I have never known an instance.
Mr. Randolph. I think you said you have not been much engaged in this kind of practice?
A. Except in the district court, and some counties of Virginia.
Mr. Harper. You have stated that in cases where indictments have been found you have known a capias ordered, but not on a presentment. Have you ever known a man for an offence of an indictable nature taken on a magistrate's warrant, and held to bail?
A. Yes, Sir, in a case of assault and battery, a magistrate brought the man before him, and compelled him to give security to appear at the next court.
Mr. Harper. In cases of presentment for indictable offences before the indictment was found, have you ever known a summons issued?
A. No. I do not recollect an instance of any process issued before the finding of the indictment.
Mr. Harper. Suppose process should issue before, what, do you conceive it would be?
A. I do not know.
Mr. Harper. I will examine one witness more as to this very notable and doubtful practice.
PHILIP GOOCH called.
Mr. Gooch said that he had practised thirteen or fourteen years in the district court of Charlotte, and in the county courts, and observed that when the punishment was only pecuniary, it was usual to issue a summons; and if the party did not appear on the return day, a capias was issued. It the case were important, the general practice was to apply to a magistrate for a warrant, or for the bye law to carry the offender before a magistrate.
Mr. Harper. It is not then an object in your part of the country that offenders should escape?
A. No, Sir. A magistrate may issue his warrant, and apprehend persons punishable for misdemeanors. I do not recollect any instance of the kind on a presentment. But at the district court, where Judge Tucker presided, I understood that a capias issued against a person for throwing a stone at the court.
Mr. Harper. Was it on an indictment or presentment?
A. Neither. It was for a contempt of the court.
Mr. Harper. They do then punish for contempt in Virginia?
A. Certainly.
Mr. Harper. I will ask you a question relative to another part of this case. Have you ever known an instance in Virginia in which a question was proposed to a juror of this kind—"Have you ever formed and delivered an opinion respecting the matter in issue?"
A. In the county where I resided, the British merchants had a great many claims against the citizens, called British debts, some of which I was employed to prosecute. It was found that it would be impossible to get a jury, if the having formed an opinion was admitted as an excuse, as every man had formed an opinion. The court determined that unless a man had delivered as well as formed an opinion he was a good juror.
Mr. Harper. As the Virginia practice is extremely unsettled, I will proceed to show what the practice of Maryland is, in which state Judge Chase was brought up.
Mr. Randolph. I am of opinion that the counsel might as well adduce the law in Turkey. The article only charges the respondent with a breach of the Virginia law.
Mr. Lee. I hold it as undeniable that when a high officer is brought before this high tribunal, charged with high crimes and misdemeanors, he may produce evidence from any source whatever that repudiates the evil intention wherewith he is charged. When testimony is produced by the managers to show what the judge said in the presence of strangers, jeeringly, and with unsuspicious freedom, to prove an evil intent, how comes it, when we attempt to show by indisputable evidence that there was no evil intent, that we are denied the right. This high court, which I have the honor of addressing, is I apprehend, a court of Impeachment, and not of errors. When an error is alleged to have been committed by the judge, shall we be denied the right of adducing evidence to show, that if it was an error, it was common to the judicial tribunals before he was raised to the high place he now holds; that during the whole course of his professional career he retained the opinion, now charged as an error; that in all cases he held and supported this opinion, and that he ever acted under the conviction that he was faithfully discharging his duty; that he sat as a judge in criminal cases for six years; and that it was his uniform practice to have the capias returned to the same term on which it issued, and that it was his practice to try for offences at the same term that they were indicted. Will the court deny this right? If the conduct of the judge shall be deemed an error, will not this be considered as some excuse?
Mr. Randolph said, had he known that his remark would have occasioned so long an argument, he would not have said a word. He was ready to admit as proven that or which the gentleman meant to produce testimony—that the practice was such as they stated it to be in Maryland.
Mr. Key. I understand then that it is admitted to be the universal practice in Maryland in criminal cases, before the indictment is found, to issue a capias or bench warrant.
Mr. Randolph. admit it.
Mr. Key. And that in all cases where there is a presentment, a capias or bench warrant issues instanter .
Mr. Randolph. I admit that it is the general practice.

Mr. Key. That is sufficient. Mr. Martin. And that is the general practice to try the first term. Mr. Nicholson. I admit that this is the case in capital cases; but not in lighter cases, if the party accused oppose it. Mr. Martin. The reverse is the case. The court will rather avoid pressing a trial in capital cases, where the life of the party is involved.
Mr. Wright said he wished to put a question to Mr. Martin in his capacity of a witness. In what cases have you ever known a bench warrant to issue?
Mr. Martin. I have practiced for twenty-seven years; and the invariable practice is to issue a bench warrant immediately on the presentment; in all cases from the lowest to the highest offenses.
President. Is there any difference between a capias and a warrant?
Mr. Martin. They are the same, except that one is issued by a magistrate, and the other by the court.
Mr. Lee here adduced a number of authorities, (the greater part of which he barely referred to,) for the purpose of exhibiting fully the grounds of the defence. As these were again introduced in the arguments of counsel, we shall only, in this place, refer to them. He referred to the 34th section of the Judicial Act of the United States;—2d Dallas 411—Gilbert's law of evidence—pa. 307, 308—also pa. 313—the 14th section of the Intercourse act of Congress—Dallas 235, 341.
Mr. Harper said they would proceed to adduce testimony relative to the 7th article.
GUNNING BEDFORD sworn.
Mr. Harper. Please to state to the court whether you were present in your judicial character at a circuit court held at Wilmington in 1800, and relate the circumstances which occurred.
A. I attended that court on the 27th of June. Judge Chase presided. I arrived in the morning about half an hour before Judge Chase. We went into court about 11 o'clock. The grand jury was called and empanelled. The Judge delivered a charge; they retired to their box; after an absence of not more than an hour they returned to the bar. They were asked by the Judge whether they had any bills or presentments to make to the court. They said they had none. The court called on the attorney of the district to say whether there was any business likely to be brought forward. He replied that there was none. Some of the grand jury then expressed a wish to be discharged. Judge Chase said it was unusual for the court to discharge the grand jury so early in the session; it is not the practice in any circuit court in which I have sat. He turned round to me, and asked, Mr. Bedford, what is your usual practice? I said it depended upon circumstances, and on the business before the court; that when the court was satisfied there was nothing to detain them they were discharged. Mr. Chase then turned to the jury, and observed, "But gentlemen of the jury, I am informed that there is conducted in this state (but I am only informed) a seditious newspaper, the editor of which is in the practice of libelling and abusing the government. His name is——but perhaps I may do injustice to the man by mentioning his name. Have you, gentlemen of the jury, ever turned your attention to the subject?" It was answered, no. "But, resumed the Judge, it is your duty to attend to things of this kind. I have given you in charge the sedition act, among other things. If there is any thing in what is suggested to you, it is your duty to enquire into it." He added, "It is high time that this seditious printer should be corrected; you know that the prosperity and happiness of the country depend upon it." He then turned to the attorney of the district, and said, Mr. Attorney, can you find a file of those papers? He answered that he did not know—A person in court offered to procure a file. The attorney then laid as a file was found, he would look it over. Can you, said the Judge, look it over, and examine it by to-morrow at 10 o'clock. Mr. Attorney said he would. Mr. Chase then turned to the grand jury, and said, "gentlemen, you must attend to-morrow at ten o'clock." Other business was gone into, and the court adjourned about two o'clock.
On my way to Judge Chase's lodgings, I said to him, my friend, I believe you know not where you are; the people of this county are very much opposed to the sedition law, and will not be pleased with what you said. Judge Chase clapped his hand upon my shoulders, and replied, "My dear Bedford, no matter where we are, or among whom we are, we must do our duty."
The next day we went into court about 10 o'clock. The grand jury went to their chamber, and I believe Mr. Read returned with them into court. They were asked if they had any thing to offer to the court; and the Attorney was called on again to state whether he had found any thing in the file of a seditious nature. He had a file of the papers before him, and he said he had found nothing that was a proper subject
for the notice of a presentment, relating to Judge Chase himself. The Judge answered, take no notice of that, my shoulders are broad and they are able to bear it; but where there is a violation of a positive law of the United States it is necessary to notice it.
Mr. Harper. Did Judge Chase say nothing about a seditious temper in the town of Wilmington in Newcastle county?
A. I do not recollect that he did. The subject has occupied my attention since I saw Mr. Read's testimony given to the Committee of Enquiry of the House of Representatives; and I have not been able to trace in my mind any recollection of the kind. What I said to the Judge shews that I did not hear such remarks. Another circumstance strengthens my conviction that no such remarks fell from him. There was a publication in the Mirror on the 4th of July, giving an account of the proceedings of the court; in which many circumstances that occurred appeared to me to be highly exaggerated; and yet in that publication no such remarks are ascribed to the Judge.
Mr. Harper. Was there any thing authoritative or commanding in the language of Judge Chase to the Attorney of the district; or was what he said in the nature of a request?
A. It was a request made in the usual style of a request.
Mr. Harper. Was the business conducted with apparent good humor?
A. It appeared so to me. Mr. Harper. From what source did the printer obtain his statement of the proceedings of the court?
A. The printer stated that he had it from a person in court.
Mr. Randolph. Was the title of the paper mentioned at the time?
A. I think not—I believe, I suggested the title, when enquiry was made as to the procuring a file.
Mr. Rodney. In what manner did the Judge address the grand jury?
A. In his usual manner of speaking; but without passion.
Mr. Rodney. Do you recollect whether on the 2d day there was not an unusual concourse of people in court?
A. I believe there was.
Mr. Rodney. Did not Judge Chase ask whether there were not two printers in town?
A. I believe he did ask that question.
Mr. Rodney. You do not recollect a suggestion by the district attorney that the paragraph you have alluded to did not come within the sedition law?
A. I do not recollect it.
Mr. Nicholson. Do you recollect the particular expression of Judge Chase when he asked if there were not two printers?
A. He spoke very much in these terms—"Perhaps I am going too far—I may do the man injustice. Have you not two printers?"
Mr. Nicholson. In the town or state?
A. I do not recollect—I think it is more than probable that he mentioned the town.
Mr. Nicholson. You are not certain whether Judge Chase cited the title of the paper?
A. I am not certain.
Mr. Nicholson. What induced you to consider what he said as applicable to the Mirror?
A. We had two papers printed in Wilmington, one of which was federal, and the other, the Mirror, democratic.
Mr. Rodney. Do you recollect whether it is the general practice in Delaware to discharge the grand jury the same day they are empanelled?
A. I believe it is the general practice.
Mr. Randolph. Do you recollect whether the Judge, when speaking of the printer, said "and one of them, if report does not much belie him, is a seditious printer and must be taken notice of. I consider it a part of my duty, and it shall or must be noticed. And it is your duty, Mr. Attorney, to examine minutely and unremittingly into affairs of this nature—the times, Sir, require that this seditious spirit which pervades too many of our presses, should be discouraged and repressed."
A. I have no recollection of such words.
Mr. Harper. Do you know who gave the information to Judge Chase about the printer—was it yourself?
A. It was not—I had not the opportunity, as I came to town at a late hour. (To be continued.)
Schuylkill Permanent Bridge.
The following communication was laid before the Directors of the Schuylkill Permanent Bridge, by the President, at their last meeting.
Gentlemen, After many fruitless attempts by others, to raise funds and institute plans for erecting a Permanent Bridge over the Schuylkill, I was fortunate enough, through many difficulties and much opposition to obtain (owing to its own merit urging on and assisting my perseverance) the law under which the erection of the present structure has been effected. I hold it therefore a duty peculiarly incumbent on me, who originated, and have faithfully laboured in the
execution of an enterprise, in which so many have embarked their property, to make an effort for the completion and safety of a work, on which the value of their advances so materially depends.—Under these impressions, I bring before you the subject of covering the Bridge ; and herewith present several drafts of covers, adapted to the frame. From the time of the first idea of a wooden superstructure, I have never wavered in my opinion of the indispensable necessity of the cover. I was surprised (a long time after I had conceived it to have been a general sentiment) to find myself in a minority on this subject, though I was not entirely alone. I have reason now to hope that the sentiments of several of the Directors and great numbers of the Stockholders have materially changed; or returned to original impressions. I have been accustomed to this situation in many of the most important parts of the work, and subjects connected with it.—I have now, as heretofore, waited for the candor of the Board and Stockholders to produce convictions; and have generally been gratified by the event.—In some former communications it will appear, that I have never approved of painting, or coating with composition, or resinous substances, the surface of unseasoned and massive timber. I gave my reasons for this opinion, which comport with long experience and observation, however singular it may appear. I endeavored in vain to prevail on the board, or the building committee, to cause the straight timber to be bored through the heart; that the air might pass and the sap, there evaporate; which, when confined fecalates, and sooner or later, rots and ruins all large timber. Since this has not been done, I am not displeased that the timber is splitting; and, thro' crevices, giving opportunities of escape to this intestine and deadly foe. Casing of such timber with lead, tin, copper or wood, in immediate contact, and thereby closing the pores and preventing the emission of the feculating sap, I have endeavored to shew to have been found, in most instances, worse than fruitless; because mischievous. Nothing has been proved to be effectual, as covering the whole of a frame, constructed of large timber, with a roof; and, at the sides, excluding rain, without preventing an uninterrupted circulation of air. The cover I propose is calculated to be sufficiently strong for its own support; but if tempests, uncommonly violent assail it, the covering may blow away before the frame can be injured. The light fails may, by sudden squalls, be detached, and yet the ship remain staunch. These causes of apprehension have, however, never struck me with any force. Bare and improbable possibilities, ought not to be subjects of reasonable and sober calculation. What is certain far outweighs conjectural prognostics—The Bridge, if left uncovered will most assuredly decay in 10 or 12 years. Experience is the best teacher in all cases.—The modes of protection proposed in these drafts, have proofs to support them, drawn from long and respectable experiment. Among others, the Schaffhausen Bridge was a strong instance. It had been by its cover, effectually preserved from decay for 38 years, and was perfectly found, at the time the French destroyed it. We have never heard of its being injured by tempests, though in a situation much exposed to them. In the 11th report of the British Parliament, by the commissioners of land revenue, dated Feb. 6, 1792, it will be found stated, from settled facts, that timber, secured in the manner here proposed, is of very long duration. "Ships built under cover are the most durable." "In Venice ships have, for a long course of time been built and preserved under cover—That practice has also been introduced into Sweden; and is mentioned by Mr. Neckar, in his treatise on the finances of France." "The Venetian ships of war are built and preserved from the weather while building, under sheds covered with tiles, resembling the roofs of houses; supported mostly by brick walls on each side, to defend the workmen in winter, from the inclemency of the weather; which walls are as high as the upper parts of the ships reach, and secured by cross beams, high enough to admit of ships being launched under them.—The sheds cover the ships completely on both sides; but are open at the stem and stern; only projecting a few feet farther out; and there they have temporary covers of boards, to keep out the rain." Eighteen large ships, some pierced for 89 guns, had been thus preserved, perfectly sound (in 1792) for 59 years, under the sheds.
I contrast with the foregoing facts, those I have collected on the subject of timber, generally; and those relative to the uncovered wooden bridges in America, particularly. It is to be regretted that all these structures are thus destitute of the means of preservation. I now confine myself to the account of them I recently received from Mr. Timothy Palmer; in a letter dated the 10th of December last, in these words: "To some questions you put to me some time since, relative to the durability of timber bridges, without being covered, sides and top, I answer, from the experience that I have had in New England and Maryland—that they will not last for more than
10 or 12 years; to be safe for heavy carriages to pass over. The bridge near Newburyport, over the Merrimack, was built in the year 1792. It was repaired in the year 1802. The bridge at An-dover, across the same river, was built in 1793. It was rebuilt in 1803.—Piscataqua Bridge, near Portsmouth, New Hampshire, was built in 1794. I believe there have been no repairs since—except the draw. But I have lately been informed it was much decayed, and is to be repaired next season. The bridge that I built over the Potomac at Georgetown, in 1796, is not safe for heavy teams to pass over." "Some have tried paint in the joints, others turpentine and oil, but all to no great effect. I am an advocate for weather-boarding and roofing, altho' there are some that say, I argue much against my own interest. Notwithstanding, I am determined to give my opinion as appears to me to be right. And it is sincerely my opinion, that the Schuylkill bridge will last 30 and perhaps 40 years, if well covered. You will excuse me in saying that I think it would be sporting with property, to suffer that beautiful piece of architecture (as you are pleased sometimes to call it) which has been built at so great expence and danger, to fall into ruins in 10 or 12 years!" Need much be added on the subject generally, after these statements, and remarks of this practically-intelligent and worthy man?
Never then conceiving, that any objections would be made to covering the bridge, I furnished several sketches for covers (as no person better qualified would do it) contemporaneously with Mr. Palmer's drafting his plan; and always considered the cover as much a part of the plan, as the frame. Knowing the liability of timber uncovered to decay, I should not have thought it justifiable to invite subscriptions to our stock, unless I had taken it for granted, that the bridge would be protected by some cover. I prevailed on Mr. Palmer to suffer me to alter his plan, in several important particulars; with a view to my design for a cover. To this he liberally consented, and now considers these alterations to be valuable improvements; and has declared his intention to adopt them in all his future plans for bridges. The masonry, too, was calculated by Mr. Vickers, agreeably to drafts furnished by me, for a cover similar to that marked No. 1 delineated by Mr. Adam Traquair from my sketches. I mention these facts, not with any view to individual merit, but to shew contemporaneous opinions; for I communicated every thing to those with whom I acted, as I occasionally met them. I present an estimate (as correct no doubt as those generally are) calculated for this design; made at my request by Mr. William Garrigues and Mr. Samuel Robinson then superintendant. It may be applied to any other with no great variation. It amounts to eight thousand dollars, a sum bearing no important proportion to the loss of capital, by the decay of the structure on which it has been expended. No. 2 & 3 are other designs for covers, which I have procured to be made. No. 2 is an improvement on the first sketch made, with the assistance of Mr. Dorsey and Mr. Traquair. Mr. Owen Biddle furnished the sketch No. 3.
It is a mistake (in my opinion) into which some respectable gentlemen have fallen, that the timber will be benefited by remaining for a season uncovered. The leakages during rains, or the meltings of snows, percolating through almost all the joints of the frame and the platform, sufficiently refute this idea. Every week and month this finish to our work is unnecessarily delayed, is an advance to ruin. No time should therefore be lost in preparations for the cover, which I have always considered as a part of the original plan; and not a new or additional measure, tho' the exact design or elevation, was not specifically fixed.
No person can regret more than I can do, the unforeseen but inevitable expenditures of the Stockholders. None can give them more credit than I do, for their patience under long and unpleasant privations. These will, however, now, with the success of our work, be remunerated. But it is their interest and our duty, to secure what with uncommon difficulties and such heavy expences, has been accomplished. Their stock will be appreciated, when the object of it is rendered in its duration, as well as other attributes, really permanent. It would be a reflection upon their understandings, and, with the knowledge we have on the subject, a breach of our trust, to practice a dangerous and false economy, thereby incur the penalty of certain destruction. I beg the thanks of the board for giving my sentiments at length on this subject. It is one on which I thought it my duty, whatever may be the result, to be explicit.
RICHARD PETERS.
Legislature of Pennsylvania.
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES.
The report of the grand committee of the House of Representatives of this
commonwealth, on the subject of a Convention.
The committee to whom was referred a number of petitions from the citizens of different parts of the state, requesting the legislature to take measures for the call of a convention to revise and amend the constitution of this commonwealth, and to whom also was referred, a number of remonstrances against the call of a convention, having deliberated upon the important subject submitted to them, with all the care and attention which its delicacy and its magnitude imperiously demanded, now offer the following report:
When the great Author of nature gave existence to man, he endowed him with mental powers capable of progressive and indefinite advancement, and impressed upon his soul a desire of approximating to the goal of perfection in every art and science, and no man nor generation of men is authorised to lay to the successor, that we have arrived at the acme of perfection in any human institution, beyond which it is impossible for you to pass, and above which it is dangerous and presumptuous for you to aspire; had an assumption of this nature once been a limited, every improvement in arts and sciences, as well in government, as natural and moral philosophy, would long since have ceased; and the active genial current of the soul been chilled, and bound in adamant chains. It is with high felicity that your committee recollect, that the citizens of America were among the first to resist such an assumption of power, to have built the chains with which they were trammelled, and to exhibit to the world, that improvement even in the science of government was practicable. Every art and every science had been studied, improved, and brought to a degree of perfectibility by the progressive labors of succeeding generations, whilst that of government, of all others the most interesting to man, remained for ages nearly stationary, until the era of the American revolution.—The same forms and systems which existed in the remote and dark ages of ignorance and superstition, were continued, and their antiquity substituted in the place of right; and he who dared to investigate their principles, stretched forth his hand to draw aside the veil, or exerted his mental powers to dilipate the mists by which their origin was enveloped, was denounced as a traitor, or immolated as a disturber of the peace and harmony of society: but the citizens of America have not only dared to examine—and to reflect, but to act upon the subject; and taught the world, that ancient forms can be improved and ameliorated, and a system of free government realized.
To the establishment of this noble example, the good citizens of this commonwealth have contributed in no small degree; they have shown that forms of government can be altered and amended without those dreadful and terrific consequences, which have been predicted by those who held power, and were hostile to the equal rights of man.
In the year 1776, although engaged in a bloody contest with an invading foe, they established a frame of free government. In the year 1790, that frame of government was superceded by the present constitution of this commonwealth. In the latter instrument as well as in the former, the principle of progressive improvement is recognized—"That all power is inherent in the people; and all free governments are constituted for their peace and happiness; for the advancement of these ends they have at all times an unalienable and indefeasible right; to alter, reform, or abolish their government in such manner as they may think proper:"—Thus the right of the people to alter and amend the constitution—a right founded in reason and in natural justice, is guaranteed by the constitution itself. Under this sanction, a number of the citizens of this commonwealth have addressed the legislature by their petitions on this deeply interesting subject, and having been thus addressed, it appears to your committee, that it is incumbent on the general assembly to express some sentiment on the subject.
Before the committee proceed to give an opinion, they offer a few preliminary remarks.
It is the prerogative of the sovereign people alone—to alter, amend, or to abolish their government: that the power is not vested in, nor do they conceive it is claimed by the legislature to assume the right of dictating to the people on this important subject: that the committee as members of the legislature have come under the most solemn obligation to support the constitution under which the government is now organized, nor do they feel disposed to infringe in the smallest degree any of its provisions, while it remains unaltered by the people themselves: Yet we conceive, that the legislature has an unquestionable right without violating any obligation, to express an opinion, as to the imperfections of that instrument: and especially as their attention has been called to the subject, by the numerous petitions and remonstrances presented to the legislature.

This opinion perhaps might receive some corroboration by advertizing to the judiciary; a co-ordinate branch of the government, the officers of which are under like obligations with the members of the assembly, to support the constitution of this and of the United States: In Dall's reports, vol. III. p. 274. Respub. versus Cobbett, chief justice M c Kean thus expressed himself—"There is no provision in the constitution, that in such case the judges of the supreme court of the United States shall control and be conclusive, neither can congress by a law confer that power, there appears to be a defect in this matter, it is a casus omissus, which ought in some way to be remedied." In numerous other instances, courts have expressed opinions upon the imperfections of the constitution.
With these preliminary observations the committee proceed to observe, that after the most dispassionate examination they have been able to give the memoirs for and the remonstrances against the call of a convention, they are of opinion, that although there are many excellent provisions in the constitution which ought to remain sacred, yet some parts are defective, and ought to be revised and amended. And that this important object might be obtained by the good people of this commonwealth without risking their liberties, or hazarding their peace or tranquility. They have their own experience—the example of many of their sister states—the example of the United States, the constitution of which has incorporated in it a provision for alteration and which has been put in practice repeatedly without danger or disadvantage to the citizens of the United States.
On the subject of changing or altering constitutions, and the danger which by some is predicted, the committee cannot better express their ideas, than by adopting the language of judge Wilson, "A change of government," said he, "has been viewed as a desperate event, as an object of the most terrific aspect; because it has been thought that government could not be changed without tearing up the very foundations of the social establishment. It has been supposed that in a transition from one government to another, the body making it must be dissolved; that every thing must be reduced to a state of nature; and that the rights and obligations of the society must be lost and discharged."
"In many parts of the world, indeed, the idea of revolutions in government is by mournful and indissoluble association connected with the idea of wars, and of all the calamities incumbent on wars. But joyful experience teaches us in the United States to view them in a very different and much more agreeable light, to consider them only as progressive steps in improving the knowledge of government, and increasing the happiness of society and mankind."
Your committee presume that the citizens of this commonwealth are not less wise, prudent, virtuous, or patriotic, than those who called for and composed the convention that framed the present constitution fifteen years ago; that the people at this time may be as safely trusted with themselves as at any previous period, which the opposers of reform can possibly point out.
But while the committee express these sentiments, they conceive that sufficient time and opportunity cannot be had within the present session of the legislature, for the majority of the people fully to express their opinion, on this very interesting subject: and that the number of petitions already presented are not sufficient to authorize the legislature to take measures for the call of a convention at this time—Therefore offer the following resolutions:
Resolved , That although the House of Representatives are impressed with the opinion that the present constitution is defective, yet the number of petitioners are not sufficient to justify at this time, any measures being taken by the legislature for calling a convention; but they refer the subject to the good people of Pennsylvania, themselves, to whom of right it belongs, to adopt such measures as their wisdom may direct, to give a fair and full expression of their opinion to the succeeding legislature.
Resolved , That as soon as the people shall fully instruct and instruct their representatives in general assembly to call a convention, provision shall be made to accomplish such instructions and directions.
ALBANY, March 29.
On Tuesday last the House of Assembly of this state took into consideration the resolutions from the states of Massachusetts, North Carolina and Kentucky, proposing three several amendments to the constitution of the United States, and adopted the following resolutions. The resolutions, respecting the amendments proposed by the states of Massachusetts and North Carolina, passed the house unanimously.
Resolved , That it is inexpedient for the legislature of this state to agree to the amendment to the federal constitution, proposed by the legislature of the state of Massachusetts, that the representatives be apportioned among the le-
veral states according to the number of their free inhabitants respectively.
Resolved , That it is inexpedient for the legislature of this state to agree to any resolution similar to the resolutions adopted by the states of North Carolina and Massachusetts, having for their object the procuring an amendment to the federal constitution to prohibit the importation of slaves or people of colour from the West India Islands, from the coast of Africa or elsewhere, in the United States, or any part thereof, prior to the year 1808.
Resolved , That the resolution from the commonwealth of Kentucky, having for its object an amendment of the constitution of the United States, so as to confine the judiciary power of the courts of the United States to cases in law and equity, arising under the constitution and laws of the United States, and treaties made, or which shall be made under their authority, calls affecting ambassadors, other public ministers and consuls, cases of admiralty and maritime jurisdiction, controversies to which the United States shall be a party, and to controversies between two or more states, be postponed until the next meeting of the legislature.
NEW-YORK, April 3. 1804.
We learn from the ship Octavia, capt. Hazard, from the Medite ranean, that as the English ship Aurora of 22 guns, and a frigate were conveying a large fleet, near the Barbary coast, they were attacked by two French frigates—In the engagement the Aurora was blown up, and the frigate was taken with 20 sail of merchantmen.
Capt. Fowler, from St. Croix, informs us that the French fleet in the West Indies have taken Nevis, the town of Basseterre in St. Kitts, and were going to Tortola.
Madam LA PAGARIE, mother of the French empress Josephine, was on board L. Villeda Milan, at the time of her capture by the British ship Leander.
A letter from cape Francois, dated the 23d February, says, "Gen. Christophe is nominated general in chief of the army. He left here three days ago, to join the troops which have commenced their march to attack the city of Santo Domingo."
LONDON, February 9.
The king of Sweden has at length acknowledged the Emperor of Germany in his new character of Emperor of Austria. His Swedish majesty, it is said, has determined to send a new minister to London.
A new city, to be called "Napoleon," is, according to a letter from Fontenoy, to be erected without loss of time, in the neighbourhood of which, the emperor will have a mansion, or grand hunting box, with an extensive park, the expence of which is to be defrayed out of the funds of the crown. The building of the town will be commenced without delay, and is expected to be finished in less than two years. The plan has been finally determined upon by the emperor.
WASHINGTON CITY.
MONDAY, April 8.
Our readers will recollect the long and obstinate debates during the session antecedent to the last on the constitutionality of admitting Louisiana in the union. On that occasion an argument was attempted to show that the constitutional right of receiving Louisiana did not exist. From the course of the measures taken at the last session this ground seems to be abandoned by those who first suggested it. The act passed for giving Orleans a territorial government provides that as soon as the free population shall amount to 60,000, the territory shall be admitted as a state into the union. With regard to the provisions of this act, some diversity of sentiment existed on the portion of self government which it was expedient at present to give the citizens of that territory, but there was none on the constitutional question. We may be permitted then to consider this gigantic question as laid to sleep; and to indulge the belief that more mature reflection has convinced the original opponents of the acquisition, that, whatever question might exist on its expediency, the constitutionality of it is indisputable. It is futile to say that the territory once acquired created any new facility to admit it as a state into the union. If the measure was unconstitutional ab initio , no subsequent act could legitimate it, and, considering the acquisition as the foundation on which subsequent measures were erected, they must all be viewed as equally unconstitutional.
This unanimous acquiescence in the constitutionality of the admission of this territory into the union is an evidence, were other proofs wanting, that the opposition to it arose almost entirely from party feelings. In truth the quarter from which this opposition sprang can only rationally be accounted for on this ground. There was abundant
cause for astonishment to perceive those who had most loudly proclaimed the necessity of an energetic government, and who had passed unqualified eulogiums on the perfection of the provisions of the Federal Constitution, and, among others, on that part which provides, without restriction, for the admission of new states into the union, which provision is well known to have flowed from the relation of Candia to the United States—there, was, we repeat, abundant cause of astonishment to hear such men uttering, all at once, the language of timidity, and inculcating doctrines inevitably calculated to paralyse the energies of that system, whose great fault, it would seem had previously been a want of due energy.
But it is the prerogative of man to retract his errors; and, we are pleased to perceive on this occasion symptoms of this magnanimous disposition even in an opponent.
The speech of citizen Van Baffel, in the Batavian legislature, irresistibly gives rise to mournful reflections. What has conducted Holland to glory and happiness, and what have sunk her so precipitately from her proud eminence, are questions of awful interest. Her citizens were virtuous and free, industrious and wealthy. How many of these splendid distinctions have, in a few years, disappeared! Americans, think on these things!—And though, with virtuous pride, you appreciate this compliment paid by the orator, pay a deeper attention to the eloquent delineation of the situation of his country. Recollect that she permitted herself to be entangled in the toils of England, on the opening of the French Revolution, and contemplate the issue!
HOLLAND.
In the secret assembly of the Batavian legislative body, held on the 21 st Dec. in consequence of the extraordinary petitions sent from the state directory, and the proposal made by the same, for consenting, in order to cover the deficiency in the revenue, to a third statement of the extraordinary contribution on property and income for the year 1804.—Citizen VAN HASSELT delivered the following opinion:—"From the report of the committee it appears, that this assembly, having found the nullity of their resistance, must consent to the ulterior proposals of the state directory, requiring, without adverting to the remonstrance they returned on consent to the raising of 1 per cent. on the national property, by granting, provisionally, for the term of 3 months—upon account of the probable deficiency in the 16,570,000 florins granted for fundry items; and also on account of the same deficiency, our consent to a third instalment of the extraordinary contribution for the year 1804; and, in order to compel us thereto, I hear reasons alleged, which appear to be suggested by the most extreme necessity—a stagnation of every department of government and of administration, an incurrion of the army and navy, a general bankruptcy, and moreover, the displeasure of our high ally."
"I do not doubt for a moment, but the committee of this assembly for financial affairs, is convinced, after many deliberations and conferences, of the urgent necessity, and of the danger of our dreadful perplexity. I do not even doubt for a moment but a complete anarchy, introduced constitutionally in 1801, places the state now at the point of annihilation: and I am very certain, that, without the disinterested zeal and co-operation of individuals (true lovers of our country) all exertions to save it would have been fruitless long since."
"Thus, in order to defer that ruin, so long prevented, alas! for three months longer, are we under the deplorable necessity of declaring to the Batavian people, that the state is lost, unless they give up provisionally, for three months, one per cent. of the value of their property; that, all maturely considered and pondered, there remains nothing else, no other means than to repeat this expedient over and over again; and while we give them to understand pretty plainly, and all this to be ascribed to our connection with France, through which we are involved in so long and expensive a war, by which we are obliged to fulfil the most extravagant engagements."
"Sensibly affected by the dismal state of our country, and the fate of a nation, which appears to have freely made (but alas! in vain) such unprecedented sacrifices for the acquisition and preservation of its liberty and independence, for no other purpose, than to purchase, at the expence of such treasure, its entire erasure from the list of powers, I find myself obliged, before I give my vote, in a case where another great sacrifice is again demanded from the nation, to ask, whether the grounds for it do actually exist? Whether we can in conscience declare, that it is impossible for us to save the country by other means; and still further, whether we, as honest men, can ascribe this folly to the consequences of our connection with France."
"Is the nation, I ask—are the people already so greatly oppressed and impoverished, to submit to this command of the directory? Shall the nation, whose known and approved faith, and whose readiness to contribute to the utmost of its power, has ever been most manifest, and which possibly endures the
more hardships, and suffers the greater cruelty on that very account,—shall that nation admit that the reasons of the directory are well founded? Shall the nation allow it to be laid to its charge, that the directory is not satisfied, if the legislature does not resolve blindly to grant its demand? Has that nation (offended and provoked at its being declared to the whole world, that they linger under an oligarchical administration, without love of their country, under which their colonies and foreign possessions have been sold and delivered up to the common enemy) no just cause to ask—"are the reasons given by that administration such as can be depended upon, and ought to be submitted to?"
"Will it not ask, how this measure is to be reconciled with the directory's promise to us all—possibly perjury? And will it not find during this investigation, even without looking into the deeds and relations which prove this more plainly, that the waste of money not only continues, but increases every day from different sources? Will not the nation on being such continued negligence, begin to doubt whether this assembly, assenting to the reasons of the directory, acts honestly, or otherwise?"
"It cannot be denied, that the sentence in the directory's letter, where it affects not to know what this assembly means by retrenchment, is a mockery, when their committee for financial affairs has so frequently pointed it out in their name and if the directory is really ignorant of it, let them be convinced and shewn in every page of that voluminous exposition, what possibility, what certainty there is of many important savings."
"In order to be convinced, that far from thinking of savings, the exigencies of the state should not so extravagantly exceed its income, they rather act as if the republic were at its most splendid pitch; it will only be necessary to look into the expenses of the last year, and to compare them with the resolution of the generality, on the expenses of the alliance of 1792, nay, even with the expenses of 1799 1800 and 1801; whence the progressive increase of expense will appear. You have to compare only, except the item for the legislative body, all the items for disbursements, to be convinced of expenses which exceed all the preceding ones, without any greater advantage derived therefrom."
"Will not the nation, tracing this increase, ask, why such an enormous expence is incurred for the ostensible defence and guarding of colonies which are declared to all Europe to have been twice sold and delivered to the enemy? The nation will ask whether the different offices, especially that of the directory themselves, of the secretaries of state for foreign affairs, of war and of the navy (not to mention the unnecessary expence of the departments and others) work better and harder now than formerly, although they cost a sum infinitely greater. The nation will enquire whether it agrees with our situation, to maintain such expensive ministers every where? and if it were not better to follow the example of the American Government, and to keep only diplomatic agents at such courts as are of the greatest importance? It will be asked whether it accords to our situation, to maintain such a number of fortresses, with their magazines and appurtenances as we never can occupy? and why they are so much increased of late years? The nation will be astonished on perusing the list of pensions, at the numberless officers (to say nothing of the innumerable and very questionable political pensioners) placed on the pension list during the latter years, most of whom were fit and willing to serve?—What occasion is there for four schools of artillery, when we have but one corps of artillerymen? And what will the nation say, whole desire it is to revive once more their ancient naval fame, on beholding the immense sums which are required for the building and maintenance of new ships of the line, whilst roofs are constructed over those we already have, in order to preserve them until peace?"
"Our countrymen will, on tracing the organization of the naval council, of the high military tribunal, and the colleges, as well as the special departmental and very expensive administrations, with the appurtenances; and on asking a thousand other questions, be convinced, that provided only there be no new posts and salaries created at their expence, for individuals and their friends, savings enough may be made to enable us in a great measure, to fulfil our engagements as allies; that the nation need not remain in distress on that account, provided the administration only wills it so; may it not be asked, whether this has ever been the case since the year 1801, whether a single saving has been made since that time? But the directory name it, and leave the nation to judge to whom the terrible consequences that are to be apprehended, are to be ascribed."
"Have not many circumstances rather tended to shew since that period, that the ruin of the state must result from the clashings of the different sovereignties, restored within our little one and indivisible republic, in such an excessive manner, and that they must increase the expence and waste of money; and have the directory since that period, ever seriously let about introducing one of the greatest savings, namely, the establishment and putting in activity of general impôts? Have they ever endeavoured to give great and generally salutary establishments to the nation?"
The Aurora states that at a meeting of the members of the two branches of the Pennsylvania legislature held on the 2nd inst. it was agreed to support Simon Snyder, the present Speaker of the House of Representatives, for Governor, for three years from next October, in the room of Mr. McKean, to whom only seven votes were given.
Galanism. —Dr. Aldini, now in London, lately exhibited at the house of Mr. Hawer, some curious experiments on the body of a dog newly killed, by which the company then present were exceedingly astonished by the powers of Galvanism. The head of the animal was cut off. The head and body were put beside each other on a table previously rubbed with a solution of ammonia. Two wires, communicating with the Galvanic trough were then applied the one in the ear, the other at the anus of the dead animal. No sooner had these applications been made than both head and body were thrown into the most animated muscular motions. The body started up with a movement by which it passed over the side of the table. The head equally moved; its lips and teeth grinding violently. A curiosity has been expressed to have these experiments tried on a criminal newly executed. Dr. Aldini has communicated his discoveries as an ingenious paper, to the Royal Society.
and indivisible republic, in such an excessive manner, and that they must increase the expence and waste of money; and have the directory since that period, ever seriously let about introducing one of the greatest savings, namely, the establishment and putting in activity of general impôts? Have they ever endeavoured to give great and generally salutary establishments to the nation?"
The Aurora states that at a meeting of the members of the two branches of the Pennsylvania legislature held on the 2nd inst. it was agreed to support Simon Snyder, the present Speaker of the House of Representatives, for Governor, for three years from next October, in the room of Mr. McKean, to whom only seven votes were given.
Galanism. —Dr. Aldini, now in London, lately exhibited at the house of Mr. Hawer, some curious experiments on the body of a dog newly killed, by which the company then present were exceedingly astonished by the powers of Galvanism. The head of the animal was cut off. The head and body were put beside each other on a table previously rubbed with a solution of ammonia. Two wires, communicating with the Galvanic trough were then applied the one in the ear, the other at the anus of the dead animal. No sooner had these applications been made than both head and body were thrown into the most animated muscular motions. The body started up with a movement by which it passed over the side of the table. The head equally moved; its lips and teeth grinding violently. A curiosity has been expressed to have these experiments tried on a criminal newly executed. Dr. Aldini has communicated his discoveries as an ingenious paper, to the Royal Society.
THE members of the community of the Protestant Episcopal Church, in the city of Washington, and its vicinity, are respectfully requested to meet at Mr. Woodward's center tavern, on the Pennsylvania avenue, on Monday morning the 15th instant, precisely at 10 o'clock.
Washington, 8th April, 1805. The Printers within the territory are respectfully desired to insert the above for the present week.
I have for Sale,
2 hds. Martinique molasses, } WNES. 2 hds. Brown Sugar, 2 pipes, Holland Gin, 60 barrels New Eng and Rum, 2 hds. Jamaica Rum, 2 quarter casks L.P. Madeira, 4 half pipes Brazil, do. 6 hds. L.P. Teneriffe, 1 pipe cargo, do. 1000 bushels Liverpool Salt, 13 boxes fresh Raisins. BULLOCK & COCKE. Navy Yard, April 8—3t
FOR SALE.
ON the 10th of April next, A. M. by virtue of a deed of trust, dated 30th day of November 1804, will be sold at public sale, on the premises, all the right and title of Wm. M'Dono, in a two story Brick House (nearly finished) and Lot, situated near the war office, in q. no. 168, in the city of Washington, and nearly opposite the house occupied by Gabriel Duval, Esq. For the terms and further particulars enquire of
T. O. W. PAIRO.
At the store at the 7 building. March 11—1 Ap.
NOTICE.
THE Subscriber has rented the house in F. street, adjoining that in which the honorable James Madison resides. He intends pursuing the practice of Phylic, Surgery, &c. Those who favor him with their custom, may expect his utmost exertions to render them ample satisfaction in the line of his profession. To such as wish for information respecting his qualifications and character, he only observes that he finished his medical education under the different professors in the university of Pennsylvania, and has practiced medicine upwards of five years in Martinsburg, state of Virginia.
He expects in a few days to add to his present stock of medicine, &c. such articles as will render his assortment complete, and to be able to furnish every article in the apothecary line.
THOMAS PATTERSON. City Washington, April 1805—6w3w.
Was Committed,
TO the jail of Washington county, in the state of Maryland on the 11th instant, on suspicion of being a runaway, a Negro woman, who say she is free, that her name is AGNES, and that she is from Orange county in the state of Virginia, where she lived with a Mr. Kyles—the has on a calico short gown, and striped country cloth petticoat, has lost one of her under fore teeth, and is about 50 years old—The owner, (if she is a slave) will prove property, pay charges, and take her away, or the will be sold agreeably to law.
N. ROCHESTER, Sheriff. April 8—w3t
VENDU.
To be sold at public vendue on Wednesday the 10th of April at 4 o'clock P. M. at the house of John Wall, north of the Seven Buildings.
ONE Light Travelling waggon and Gears for two horses—One Electrical Machine and apparatus—One Mandolin—36 sheets of Paintings of Prospective Views—two Prof. peering Glasses, 40 Portrait Painting—One small Magnifying Glass
Conditions cash.
April 5—rdt

ADAM KING, & Co. At their wine store in High street George Town, have in addition to their stock of old wines, laid in a large and general assortment of all kinds of Liquors and Groceries suitable to the present season; where bills of any description, in their line, will constantly be filled up on the shortest notice and they flatter themselves, from the quality of their wines, &c. they will be able to give general satisfaction to all those who may think proper to favor them with a call—where all kind of commission business as usual, will be attended to with the utmost attention. George Town, November 5—tf
CHARLES H. VARDEN, MERCHANT TAILOR. Has received from Philadelphia a handsome assortment of FALL goods, consisting of the best London and French superfine cloths, cashmeres, patent Bennet's cord, toilettes, fancy and white Marseilles, black and figured silk, molekins, fancy silk, Marseilles, combination cords, velvets, Genoa cord, silk and satin Florentines, superfine coating, knapped cloths, with a variety of other articles suitable for the winter season. N. B. Ladies habits, regiments, and navy uniforms made in the first style of fashion. New Jersey avenue near the Capitol. December 10—tf
One hundred Dollars Reward. ON Friday evening the 22nd inst. ROBERT W. PEACOCK confined in the Jail of Washington County of the District of Columbia, upon a conviction of forgery at December Term, 1834 escaped from said Jail. He was before this conviction a practicing Attorney in the City of Washington, and is very well known in Virginia and Maryland, having resided in both. He is a stout man, 5 feet 10 or 11 inches high, about 34 or 35 years of age, looks young of his age, has blue eyes, full face, fair and ruddy complexion, light hair which he wears tied behind. He is also very much inclined to corpulency. Whoever apprehends the said felon, and secures him in any Jail, so that I get him again, shall receive the above reward from DANIEL C. BRUNI, Marshal of the District of Columbia. March 25—tf
STELLE'S HOTEL & CITY TAVERN. THE Subscriber takes this method of thanking his friends and the public for their favors whilst on the Capitol Square and begs leave to acquaint them that having purchased and now occupying the tavern, late Tunnicliff's hotel; which he has commenced enlarging and improving—he respectfully solicits a continuance of the patronage of his friends and the public, assuring them that 'tis his full determination to fit up his present hotel, and so to conduct it, as to merit, he hopes, the preference of the public travelling, as well as those coming to the permanent seat of the Government of our Land of Liberty. PONTIUS D. STELLE. Washington City, March 25—tf
THE subscribers have opened a GROCERY STORE in the house near the Capitol, lately occupied by Mr. JAMES D. BARAY—where they have for sale, low, for cash or in exchange for country produce. Genuine Cognac brandy, Superior French do. Old Jamaica Spirits, Madeira, } Wines, by the quarter cask Sherry, } and case, or smaller quantity Lisbon, } Claret, } Brown Sugar, 1st and 2d quality Loaf and Lump, do. Molasses, Fixin Butter, Mould Candles, Sweet Oil, Spices of different kinds, Fig Blue, Starch, Almonds, Anchovies, } in bottles. Capers, } Powder and Shot, Excellent Wine Vinegar, Gin, Whiskey, Hylon, } Teas, fresh, and of superior quality. Imperial, } Young Hylon, } Salt Herrings in Barrels. PETER HEALY, & Co. Washington October 31—tf
TO BE SOLD on the 15th day of April next at STELLE'S HOTEL, Capitol Hill —a variety of Household Furniture, consisting of Beds and Furniture, with a large collection of other furniture, belonging to the Hotel, too numerous to mention—All sums under 100 dollars cash, and above, nine months credit, the purchaser giving approved notes with endorsers, on the bank of this place, or George Town, no article to be removed till settled for. Sale to commence at 10 o'clock. Washington, March 22—tdof
A SALE, ON Monday the 15th day of April next, at 11 o'clock if fair, if not the next fair day. The subscriber living on the premises, will offer at public sale to the highest bidder, a valuable
TRACT OF LAND, Containing 275 acres, lying in Charles county state of Maryland, within half a mile of Nanjemoy Creek—about one half of the tract is cleared and under a good fence, the other half well wooded. It abounds in never failing springs of water. The soil is well adapted to tobacco, corn and wheat. The improvements are a large comfortable dwelling house, with other necessary buildings. The neighborhood consists of a general society of people, and the situation is pleasant and healthy. There are two mills for the grinding of grain, near to the said land; one within 1/4 and the other within 3/4 of a mile, with many other conveniences and advantages which it is considered unnecessary to mention in an advertisement, as those inclined to purchase may be more satisfactorily informed by viewing the land, &c. The terms will be made known on the day of sale, or at any time previous thereto by application to JOSEPH ELGIN. March 27—tdof
THE highest price CASH, given for clean RAGS, by EDGAR PATTERSON, George town, and SAMUEL STETTENUS, near the Centre market, Washington. March 8—tf. FOR SALE or RENT. THE Tavern for some years past occupied BY PONTIUS D. STELLE, It is situated on the Capitol Hill, and well calculated for a large and extensive business the situation is well known. Possession can be had after the 15th of April next—for terms apply to DANIEL CARROLL, of Duddington. Washington, March 27—tm
PROPOSALS For carrying mails of the United States on the following post roads will be received at the General Post Office until the 20th day of April next. 1. From Washington city to Halifax old c. h. once a week, estimated at 240 miles in three days. Leave Washington every Saturday at 6 a m. and arrive at Halifax old c. h. on Monday by 8 p m. Leave Halifax old c. h. every Tuesday at 4 a m. and arrive at Washington on Thursday by 6 p m. 2. From Halifax old c. h. Va. to Pickenville old c. h. once a week, estimated at 276 miles, in 3 1/2 days. Leave Halifax old c. h. every Tuesday at 4 a m. and arrive at Pickenville the next Friday by 10 a m. Leave Pickenville every Friday at 2 p m. and arrive at Halifax old town on Monday by 8 p m. 3. From Pickenville to Coweta, Indian town on Chattahoochee river, estimated at 280 miles, in 3 1/2 days. Leave Pickenville every Friday at 2 p m. and arrive at Coweta the next Monday by 6 p m. Leave Coweta every Tuesday at 4 a m. and arrive at Pickenville the next Friday by 10 a m. 4. From Coweta on Chattahoochee to Fort Stoddert once a week, estimated at 246 miles, in 3 1/2 days. Leave Coweta every every Tuesday at 4 a m. and arrive at Fort Stoddert the next Friday by 10 a m. Leave Fort Stoddert every Friday at 2 p m. and arrive at Coweta the next Monday by 8 p m. 5. From Fort Stoddert to New Orleans once a week, estimated at 211 miles, in 3 days. Leave Fort Stoddert every Friday at 2 p m. and arrive at New Orleans the next Monday by 8 p m. Leave New Orleans every Tuesday at 10 a m. and arrive at Fort Stoddert the next Friday by 10 a m. NOTE. The contracts are to be in operation on the first day of May next and are to continue in force until the 1st day of July 1836, on the usual penalties for failures and delays and other conditions. GIDEON GRANGER, Postmaster-General, General Post-office, March 18, 1835—tA205
Young Ladies Academy. MRS. O'REILY respectfully informs her friends and the public that she has removed her academy from Baltimore to Alexandria, where she will receive young Ladies who shall be taught the English and French languages grammatically; writing and arithmetic; history, geography and the use of the globe; music, drawing, and all kinds of work, viz. embroidery in chenilles, gold, silver, silk, &c. comprising figures, historical and ornamental, landscapes, flowers, fruit, birds, &c. maps wrought in silk, chenilles, gold, &c. print work in figures or landscapes; cloth work in fruit, birds, flowers, &c. flagstone and varnishing in vases, pyramids, baskets, tea caddies, openers, &c. grotto and shell work, artificial flowers, tambour and Dresden, croks fitch, tent fitch, tapestry, &c. bugle and peal work, painting on velvet, gauze, silk, vellum, &c. Her terms are 200 dollars per annum for board and tuition. For music 18 dollars per quarter. Drawing 8 dollars per quarter. Washing 8 dollars per quarter. Every young Lady furnished with Mrs. O. R. with bed and bedding will be charged 4 dollars per quarter. March 8—tm.
FOR SALE. Eight hundred acres of Land. IN Fauquier county state of Virginia, known by the name of Oakland Farm, distance about 22 miles from Fredericksburg, and the same from Dumfries. About three hundred acres of this land are under a fine growth of oak and hickory timber. The cleared land is inclosed and well adapted to the culture of corn, wheat and tobacco, it is finely watered by a number of never failing springs, dispersed in such a manner in four separate inclosures, so as to afford water for stock in great plenty. On the premises are a small mill and distillery, a strong frame dwelling house 44 feet by 20, finished in a plain and elegant style, a stone spring house compleatly finished, scullery and framing, sufficient for a kitchen and smoke house. Any person inclining to purchase will be shown the land by Mr. Levan Oliver who lives near the place—the terms may be known by an application to Mr. John Love of said county and the title confirmed by the subscriber living in the city of Washington, district of Columbia. THOMAS THORPE. April 3—tf
Bank of Columbia. THE Board of Directors having this day declared a dividend for the half year ending the 20th inst. at the rate of Eight per cent. per annum. The same will be paid to the Stockholders or their representatives, on or after Wednesday the 20th inst. WILLIAM WHANN, Cashier. March 18—6w GARDEN SEEDS. MRS. HEPBURN informs her friends that she has just received an assortment of CABBAGE seed from Philadelphia. Tyber Garden. April 1—2t
PROPOSALS For carrying the Mails of the United States, on the following post roads, will be received at the General post office, in Washington, until the 10th day of July next, inclusive. (Continued.) 33. From Rutland by Cavendish, Chester, Rockingham, Bellowsfalls and Westminster to Walpole once a week. Leave Rutland every Wednesday at 2 p m and arrive at Walpole by 6 p m on Thursday. Leave Walpole every Saturday at 6 a m and arrive at Rutland on Sunday by 10 a m. 34. From Bennington, by Marlboro' Wilmington and Woodford, to Brattleboro' once a week. Leave Bennington every Thursday at 9 p m and arrive at Brattleboro' on Friday by 11 a m Leave Brattleboro' every Friday at 2 p m and arrive at Bennington on Saturday by 4 p m. IN MASSACHUSETTS. 35. From Salem, by Danvers, Topsfield, Boxford, Haverhill and Chester, to Pembroke N. H. once a week—Leave Salem every Monday at 1 p m and arrive at Pembroke on Tuesday by 6 p m. Leave Pembroke every Saturday at 7 p m and arrive at Salem on Monday by 10 a m. 36. From Boston, by Salem and Manchester, to Gloucester three times a week. Leave Gloucester every Monday, Wednesday and Friday at 6 a m & arrive at Boston by 6 p m. Leave Boston every Tuesday, Thursday & Saturday at 6 a m. and arrive at Gloucester by 6 p m. 37. From Salem to Marblehead six times a week. Leave Salem every day (Sunday excepted) at noon and arrive at Marblehead by 1 p m. Leave Marblehead every day at 2 p m and arrive at Salem by 3 p m. 38. From Boston, by Medford, Woburn, Billerica, Chelmsford, Tyngsboro', Dunstable, Amherst, Framingham, Watertown and Claremont, to Windsor, Vt. once a week. Leave Boston every Wednesday at 5 a m, arrive at Billerica by noon and at Amherst by 7 p m. Leave Amherst on Thursday at 5 a m and arrive at Windsor by 6 p m—Returning. Leave Windsor every Monday at 5 a m and arrive at Amherst by 6 p m. Leave Amherst on Tuesday at 5 a m and arrive at Boston by 5 p m. 39. From Billerica, by Patucket bridge, Dracut, Pelham and Windham, to Londonderry once a week. Leave Billerica every Wednesday at 1 p m and arrive at Londonderry on Thursday by 9 a m. Leave Londonderry every Thursday at 10 a m and arrive at Billerica by 7 p m. 40. From Boston, by Concord, Littleton, Groton, Townsend, Ashby, New Ipswich, Jaffrey, Marlboro' and Keene, to Walpole twice a week. Leave Boston every Wednesday and Saturday at 4 a m and arrive at Keene on Thursday and Monday by noon. Leave Keene at 12 1/2 p m and arrive at Walpole by 9 p m—Returning—Leave Walpole every Wednesday and Saturday at 4 a m and arrive at Keene by noon. Leave Keene at 12 1/2 p m and arrive at Boston on Thursday and Monday by 8 p m. 41. From Concord, by Stow, Bolton and Lancaster, to Leominster twice a week. Leave Concord every Wednesday and Saturday at 1 p m and arrive at Leominster, by 7 p m. Leave Leominster every Monday and Thursday at 5 a m and arrive at Concord by 11 a m. 42. From Leominster, by Westminster, Templeton, Gerry, Athol, New Salem, Wendell and Montague, to Greenfield one a week. Leave Leominster every Thursday at 5 a m and arrive at Greenfield by 7 p m. Leave Greenfield every Friday at 5 a m and arrive at Leominster by 7 p m. 43. From Worcester, by Boylston and Sterling, to Lancaster once a week. Leave Worcester every Wednesday at 8 a m and arrive at Lancaster by noon. Leave Lancaster every Wednesday at 1 p m and arrive at Worcester by 5 p m. 44. From Worcester, by Holden, Rutland, Barre, Peterham, Athol, Orange, Warwick, Northfield, New Salem, Wendell and Keene, to Brattleboro' once a week. Leave Worcester every Thursday at 5 a m and arrive at Brattleboro' Friday by 10 a m. Leave Brattleboro' every Friday at 1 p m and arrive at Worcester on Saturday by 7 p m. 45. From Shrewsbury, by Holden, Rutland, Greene, Hardwick, Pelham, Amherst and Hadley, to Northampton once a week. Leave Shrewsbury every Tuesday at 6 a m and arrive at Northampton on Wednesday by 10 a m. Leave Northampton every Wednesday at 1 p m and arrive at Shrewsbury on Thursday by 7 p m. 46. From Brookfield, by Belchertown, Hadley, Northampton, Chesterfield, Worthington, Partridgefield, Dalton, Pittsfield, Hancock and New Lebanon, to Albany twice a week. May 1 to November 1.—Leave Brookfield every Monday and Thursday at 9 a m and arrive at Albany on Tuesday and Friday by 7 p m. Leave Albany every Wednesday and Saturday at 9 a m and arrive at Brookfield on Thursday and Monday by 7 p m. November 1 to May 1.—Leave Brookfield every Monday and Thursday at 9 a m and arrive at Northampton by 7 p m. Leave Northampton every Tuesday and Friday at 5 a m & arrive at Albany on Wednesday & Saturday by 3 p m—Returning—Leave Albany every Tuesday & Friday at 9 a m & arrive at Pittsfield by 8 p m. Leave Pittsfield every Wednesday & Saturday at 5 a m & arrive at Northampton by 8 p m. Leave Northampton every Thursday & Monday at 4 a m & arrive at Brookfield by 7 p m. 47. From Suffield, by Westfield, Southampton, Northampton, Hatfield, White, Deerfield, Greenfield, Bernardston, Hindusdale, Brattleboro' Putney, Westminster, Walpole, Charlemont, Claremont, Cornish, Windsor, Hartland & Plainfield, to Hanover twice a week—Leave Suffield every Monday and Thursday at 4 a m & arrive at Northampton at 1 p m arrive at Brattleboro' on Tuesday and Friday by 10 a m Leave Brattleboro' at 1 p m and arrive at Windsor on Wednesday and Saturday by noon. Leave Windsor at 12 1/2 p m and arrive at Hanover by 8 p m—Returning—Leave Hanover every Monday & Thursday at 6 a m arrive at Windsor by noon. Leave Windsor at 12 1/2 p m & arrive at Brattleboro' on Tuesday and Friday by 11 a m. Leave Brattleboro' at 1 p m & arrive at Suffield on Wednesday & Saturday by 8 p m.
48. From Springfield, by West Springfield, Russell, Blandford, Louden, Bethlem, Tyringham, Stockbridge and West Stockbridge, to Kinderhook once a week. Leave Springfield every Thursday at 6 a m and arrive at Kinderhook on Friday by 6 p m. Leave Kinderhook every Saturday at 6 a m & arrive at Stockbridge by 6 p m. Leave Stockbridge every Tuesday at 4 p m and arrive at Springfield on Wednesday by 6 p m. 49. From Boston, by Dedham, Medfield, Medway, Bellingham, Milford, Medford, Uxbridge, Douglas, Thompson, Pomfret, Asford and Tolland, to Hartford once a week. Leave Boston every Tuesday at 9 a m and arrive at Hartford on Thursday by 5 p m. Leave Hartford every Friday at 8 a m & arrive at Boston on Monday by 4 p m. May 1 to November 1.—Leave Boston every Monday, Wednesday & Friday, at 5 a m arrive at Providence by noon. Leave Providence by 12 1/2 p m and arrive at New Haven on Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday by 1 p m—Returning. Leave New Haven every Monday, Wednesday and Friday at 3 a m & arrive at Providence on Tuesday, Thursday & Saturday at 4 a m & arrive at Boston same day by noon. November 1 to May 1.—Leave Boston every Monday, Wednesday and Friday at 5 a m arrive at Plainfield by 8 p m. Leave Plainfield every Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday at 4 a m & arrive at New Haven by 8 p m. 51. From Boston, by Milton, Canton, Easton, Taunton, Berkley & Freetown, to New Bedford three times a week. May 1 to November 1.—Leave Boston every Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday at 3 a m & arrive at New Bedford by 8 p m. Leave New Bedford every Monday, Wednesday & Friday at 3 a m & arrive at Boston by 8 p m. November 1 to May 1.—Leave Boston every Monday, Wednesday & Friday at 9 a m & arrive at Taunton by 7 p m. Leave Taunton every Tuesday, Thursday & Saturday at 3 a m & arrive at New Bedford by 7 p m. Returning—Leave New Bedford every Monday, Wednesday & Friday at 9 a m & arrive at Taunton by 8 p m. Leave Taunton every Tuesday, Thursday & Saturday at 4 a m & arrive at Boston by 7 p m. 52. From New Bedford to Nantucket twice a week. Leave New Bedford every Tuesday and Saturday at 9 p m, and arrive at Nantucket in 24 hours—Leave Nantucket every Friday and Tuesday at 3 a m, and arrive at New Bedford by 8 a m—wind and weather permitting. 53. From Boston, by Dorchester, Quincy, Braintree, Weymouth, Hanover, Pembroke and Kingston, to Plymouth three times a week. Leave Boston every Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday at 6 a m and arrive at Plymouth by 6 p m. Leave Plymouth every Monday, Wednesday and Friday at 7 a m and arrive at Boston by 6 p m. 54. From Weymouth by Hingham, Cohasset, Scituate, Marshfield and Duxbury to Kingston once a week. Leave Weymouth every Wednesday at 5 a m and arrive at Kingston by 11 a m. Leave Kingston every Wednesday at 1 p m & arrive at Weymouth by 7 p m. 55. From Plymouth by Sandwich, Barnstable, Yarmouth, Dennis, Harwich, Chatham, Orleans, Eastham, Wellfleet, Billingsgate and Truro to Provincetown once a week. Leave Plymouth every Wednesday at 6 a m and arrive at Sandwich by 10 a m. Leave Sandwich at 11 a m and arrive at Provincetown on Friday by 11 a m. Leave Provincetown every Friday at 1 p m and arrive at Plymouth on Monday by 6 p m. 56. From Sandwich by Falmouth and Holmeholts to Edgartown once a week. Leave Sandwich every Wednesday at 11 a m and arrive at Edgartown on Thursday by 1 p m. Leave Edgartown every Thursday at 4 p m and arrive at Sandwich on Friday by 7 p m. 57. From Sandwich by Wareham, Rochester, New Bedford and Little Compton to Newport once a week. Leave Sandwich every Wednesday at 6 a m & arrive at Newport on Thursday by 3 p m. Leave Newport every Thursday at 6 p m and arrive at Sandwich on Saturday by 5 p m. IN RHODE ISLAND. 58. From Providence by Barrington, Warren and Bristol to Newport six times a week in Summer and three times in Winter. May 1 to November 1. Leave Providence every day (Sunday excepted) at 7 a m and arrive at Newport by 4 p m. Leave Newport every day (Sunday excepted) at 8 a m and arrive at Providence by 4 p m. November 1 to May 1.—Leave Providence every Monday, Wednesday and Friday at 7 a m and arrive at Newport by 4 p m. Leave Newport every Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday at 7 a m and arrive at Providence by 4 p m. 59. From Providence by East Greenwich, Wickford and Little Rest to Towerhill once a week. Leave Providence every Friday at 4 a m and arrive at Towerhill by 11 a m. Leave Towerhill every Friday at 1 p m and arrive at Newport by 7 p m. 60. From Newport by South Kingstown, Charlestown, Westerly, Stonington, Ct. and Groton, Ct. to New London twice a week. May 1 to November 1.—Leave Newport every Tuesday and Thursday at 10 a m and arrive at New London on Wednesday and Friday by 3 p m. Leave New London every Tuesday and Thursday at 9 a m, and arrive at Newport on Wednesday and Friday by noon. November 1 to May 1.—Leave Newport every Monday and Wednesday by noon, and arrive at New London on Tuesday and Thursday by 6 p m. Leave New London every Wednesday and Friday at 4 a m, and arrive at Newport on Thursday and Saturday by 10 2 m. IN CONNECTICUT. 61. From Hartford by Simsbury, Granby and Granville to Blandford once a week. Leave Hartford Leave Blandford 62. From Hartford by Simsbury, West Simsbury, New Hartford, Winchester, Norfolk, Canaan, Sheffield, Hilldale & Claverack to Hudson once a week. Leave Hartford every Thursday at 6 a m, and arrive at Hudson on Saturday by 10 a m. Leave Hudson every Friday at 2 p m, & arrive at Hartford the next Monday by 7 p m. 63. From Hartford by Farmington, Harwington, Litchfield, Washington, New Milford, Danbury, Ridgefield, Salem and Bedford to New York once a week. Leave Hartford every Tuesday at 2 p m, arrive at Litchfield on Wednesday by 9 a m, at New Milford by 3 p m, and arrive at New York on Friday by 11 a m. Returning—Leave N. York every Friday at 6 p m, arrive at New Milford on Monday by 9 a m, at Litchfield by 3 p m, and arrive at Hartford by 10 a m on Tuesday. 64. From Litchfield by Cornwall and Sharon to Poughkeepsie once a week. Leave Litchfield every Wednesday at 3 p m, and arrive at Sharon by 7 p m and at Poughkeepsie Thursday by 3 p m.—Leave Poughkeepsie on Thursday at 5 p m, and arrive at Litchfield on Saturday by noon. 65. From Hartford by Glastenbury, Colchester and Montville to New London once a week. Leave Hartford every Thursday at 1 p m, and arrive at New London on Friday by 7 p m.—Leave New London every Saturday at 9 a m, and arrive at Hartford on Monday by 9 a m. 66. From Hartford by East Hartford, Hebron, Lebanon and Norwich to Chelsea twice a week. May 1 to November 1.—Leave Hartford every Wednesday and Friday at 5 a m, and arrive at Chelsea by 5 p m.—Leave Chelsea every Tuesday and Thursday at 5 a m, and arrive at Hartford by 5 p m. November 1 to May 1.—Leave Hartford every Tuesday and Saturday at 6 a m, and arrive at Chelsea by 6 p m.—Leave Chelsea every Monday and Friday at 6 a m, and arrive at Hartford by 6 p m. 67. From Hartford by Coventry, Windham and Canterbury to Plainfield once a week. Leave Hartford every Thursday at 2 p m, and arrive at Plainfield on Friday by 6 p m.—Leave Plainfield every Wednesday at 6 a m, and arrive at Hartford on Thursday by 10 a m. 68. From Norwich by Canterbury & Brooklyn to Pomfret once a week. Leave Pomfret every Friday at 4 a m, and arrive at Norwich by 10 a m. Leave Norwich every Friday at 2 p m, and arrive at Pomfret by 8 p m. 69. From Middletown by Middle Haddam, East Haddam, Haddam and Pettipaug to Saybrook once a week. Leave Middletown every Friday at 4 a m and arrive at Saybrook by 5 p m. Leave Saybrook every Saturday at 4 a m, and arrive at Middletown by 6 p m. (To be continued.)