The national intelligencer and Washington advertiser. (Washington City [D.C.]), 1805-09-13 00:00:00

NATIONAL INTELLIGENCER, AND WASHINGTON ADVERTISER.
VOL. V.
WASHINGTON CITY, PRINTED BY SAMUEL HARRISON SMITH, PENNSYLVANIA AVENUE.
No. DCCLXIX.
FIVE DOLLARS PER ANNUM.
FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 13, 1805.
PAID IN ADVANCE.
HISTORY
Of the West Indies :
A WORK in the contents of which every citizen of America must be interested whether devoted to business, or desirous of information through the medium of amusement.
A new & revised edition of Mr. EDWARDS's History of the West Indies, with a third volume, (completed by its amiable author a short time previous to his death) has lately been published in London. This third volume contains the interesting and important history, with a large map of the island of St. Domingo, or Hispaniola, as also that of Tobago; likewise a history of the war in the West Indies from its commencement in 1773, and a tour of Mr. William Young through several of the islands. It is accompanied by a highly finished portrait of Mr. Edwards, a history of his life written by himself, and a predatory advertisement by Sir William Young, Baronet, M.P. F.R.S. &c. under whose editorship it has been given to the public.
The publisher, impressed with a sense of the great importance a general knowledge of the history, civil and commercial, of the West Indies, must be to every citizen of America, and of the great celebrity of the above work, proposes to print it by subscription, and respectfully offers the following for public patronage and encouragement.
Proposals for Printing,
From the London copy, 3 volumes quarto,
THE HISTORY, CIVIL AND COMMERCIAL, Of the British Colonies in the West Indies.
BY EDWARD EDWARDS, ESQ. F.R.S. &c. Containing, with a variety of other matter:—
A political and topographical survey of the islands.
A comprehensive account of the ancient and present inhabitants, agriculture, productions, laws, government, constitution and commerce.
An historical review of the slave trade; including observations on the character, genius, disposition, and situation of the enslaved Africans.
An historical review of St. Domingo, comprehending an account of the former government of the French part of that island, its political state, populations, productions, and exports; a narrative of the calamities which have desolated the island ever since the year 1789; and a detail of the transactions of the British army in that island.
Also, a tour through the islands of Barbadoes, St. Vincent, Antigua, Tobago and Grenada, by Sir William Young, Baronet, &c.
A history of the war in the West Indies from its commencement in 1773, &c. &c.
CONDITIONS.
It will be printed in four volumes, large octavo, on a perfectly new and beautiful type, and on a handsome large medium paper, agreeable to a specimen, which may be had at the subscriber's Book Store.
The price to subscribers to be three dollars the volume, in boards; each volume to be paid for on delivery.
With the last volume will be given an ATLAS, (without any additional price) containing the following maps, viz.
 1. A large general map of the West Indies.  2. A map of Jamaica.  3. Barbadoes.  4. Grenada.  5. St. Vincent.  6. Dominica.  7. St. Christopher's.  8. Nevis.  9. Antigua.  10. Virgin Islands.  11. St. Domingo, or Hispaniola.  12. Tobago. 
To prevent disappointment or complaint, it is now promised that on the publication of the second volume the subscription price will be advanced to three dollars and a half the volume, and on the publication of the last volume the price will be again enhanced.
With the last volume, besides the Atlas, will be given an elegant engraving of the celebrated author. Also a list of the subscribers names.
The London copy of the foregoing work in three volumes cannot be sold in America, in boards, under sixty dollars.
JAMES HUMPHREYS.
Subscriptions are received by said Humphreys at his book-store the corner of Second and Walnut Streets, and by the principal Booksellers through the Union. Philadelphia, July 15—
STELLE'S HOTEL & CITY TAVERN.
THE Subscriber takes this method of thanking his friends and the public for their favors whilst on the Capitol square and begs leave to acquaint them that having purchased and now occupying the tavern, late Tunnicliff's hotel; which he has commenced enlarging and improving—he respectfully solicits a continuance of the patronage of his friends and the public, assuring them that 'tis his full determination to fit up his present hotel, and to conduct it, as to merit, be Lops, the preference of the public travelling, as well as those coming to the permanent seat of the Government of our Land at Liberty.
PONTIUS D. STELLE.
Washington City, March 23—48
FROM THE ENQUIRER.
VINDICATION OF MR. JEFFERSON.
No. II.
First approach of the enemy to Richmond.
"Col. Wm. Tatham, says: being at Richmond in the time of Arnold's invasion 1780-1, and hearing that an express had arrived at the governor's with intelligence of the approach of an invading enemy, I immediately rode to his house, and met governor Jefferson walking out. He had received such an express, but as other intelligence led him to suppose, they were nothing more than a foraging party. Unless he had further information to justify the measure, he should not disturb the country by calling out the Militia; he would thank me nevertheless if I would go down to the Maj. Gen. Baron Steuben who was at Wilton, (six miles below Richmond) and receive his orders if needful. The Baron dispatched me to general Nelson at Williamsburg, where I found the town in confusion, expecting an immediate attack; the enemy being at anchor, and having a boat taking the soundings towards the shore, at King's mill (four miles below Williamsburg.)"
They proceeded, however, up the river, and I remained in the suite of gen. Nelson several days, when I was desired by him to be the bearer of some dispatches to the governor, of such importance, that I must avoid all risk of being taken. Knowing the country well I ventured in among the plantations, until I got to that of Dr. Truett, near the Meadow Bridges, on Chickahominy; I learnt that the enemy's picket was just called in, and retired from the Bridges towards the main body at Richmond. I followed the picket carefully, entered Mr. Duvall's house, at Mount Comfort, while the floors were wet with liquors spilt by the British soldiers, and pushed into Richmond, from whence the army had first retreated. Here one of our well affected citizens (I think old Richard Crouch) referred me to Moses Treadway, in Manchester, who conducted me to Mr. Jefferson, at a house then occupied by Doctor Evans, and here I delivered my dispatch, and spent part of the evening. I understood the enemy encamped that night at Four Mile creek, about ten or twelve miles off, and were then on their retreat."
In 1796, Mr. Hylton, before Doctor Wm. Foushee, (a person qualified to administer an oath) made the following deposition:
Henrico county. "That in 1781 when Arnold invaded this place, I was living near the foundery at Westham; that I was going out to join the militia to oppose Arnold, when I was stopt by Mr. Jefferson then governor of the state, and requested by him to attend to the removal of the powder, ammunition, arms and other property belonging to the public, then in the magazine near Westham; that his orders were to have every thing removed with all possible expedition across the river: that on the night preceding Arnold's arrival at the foundery, Mr. Jefferson was at the subscriber's house, as late as eleven or twelve o'clock at night, attending and giving directions about the public property; that he then said he should go up the river about eight miles to his family, cross the next morning and come down to Britton's opposite Westham, and that carriages, &c. should be provided to take off the property; that this was done; that a very considerable quantity (I suppose about fifteen tons) of gun-powder and ammunition, with a number of arms, stores, &c. were transported as directed, and thereby saved to the public; that the enemy were so close to us, that I was obliged to have about three hundred stand of arms thrown into the river, the greater part of which were afterwards recovered: that in the night preceding the day of invasion, the wagons (driven by white men) employed to bring records, &c. from Richmond, by mistake attempted to get to the magazine, instead of the landing on the river, and near the magazine, overset and broke some arms, &c. That in consequence of this accident, the packages which I afterwards found contained records, were lodged at the magazine and carriages could not be procured in time for the removal, as the alarm was so great and sudden, that almost every person in the neighborhood was endeavoring to put his property in a state of safety by removing it; that it then and ever has appeared to the subscriber, that the said Mr. Jefferson did every thing which the nature of the case and his situation would admit for the public interest."
(Signed)
D. HYLTION.
Such are the asseverations of a man, which no individual acquainted with his character will dare to deny.
James Currie, of Richmond, well known for his talents as a physician, and his uniform candor as a man; thus expresses himself. "On application made to me, if I recollect any thing in regard to the loss of the public records and other valuable papers in the year 1781,
during the invasion of the British army when Mr. Jefferson was governor, I well remember that he appeared extremely anxious, and very active in having them removed from Richmond, and deposited in a place of safety, and if possible, entirely out of the reach of the enemy; and for that and other duties of his office as chief magistrate, did remain in town fully as long, as was either proper or prudent for him so to do, without manifest danger of becoming the prisoner of the invading army, who were fast approaching the seat of government, without any efficient force that could at that time be brought against them to stop their march; and that his conduct was then perfectly proper, and that of a real patriot and friend of his country, will be very fully evinced by the concurrent voice of the gentlemen who then acted with him in council as well as the unanimous approving voice of the Virginia legislature at the subsequent meeting of assembly of the state."
A similar request being made of Mr. A. B. late clerk of the council, a gentleman of the fairest character, he made the following statement: "I well remember that Mr. Jefferson was extremely active in removing all public records from Richmond, and I have reason to believe the chief loss was occasioned by a mistake of the waggoners conveying them to the foundery of Westham, where they were to have been thrown over the river, if pursued by the enemy; Mr. Jefferson desired me as clerk of the council to continue with him, and to take with me the public seal, and such papers as might be immediately wanted. I accordingly procured a servant, and horse, to carry a small trunk containing the papers, and on the afternoon preceding Arnold's taking possession of Richmond, Mr. Jefferson desired me to proceed to Tuckahoe, where he could come to me. I sat out at sun set, and left Mr. Jefferson busy in getting off the records."
(Signed)
A. BLAIR.
October 12, 1796.
Mr. John Beckley who was then clerk to the Virginia legislature, and at this time clerk to Congress, has authorised me in his name to make the following statement.
"In four days from the arrival of Arnold's fleet, he proceeded 150 miles up the river, and landed his troops in 24 miles of Richmond: The night before his march to that place, all the militia of the state which could be armed, being then out under the command of gen. Nelson in the neighborhood of Williamsburg, and no defence at hand for the security of Richmond but about 200 half armed militia under the command of Baron Steuben, who could do nothing more than cover the removal of the records and militia stores across James river from Richmond to Manchester, and secure the boats and batteries on the Manchester side to prevent the enemy's passing. He remained in Richmond with the last detachment of militia that passed the river with records and stores, and until the enemy the next morning were entering the lower part of the town, and began to flank it with their light horse. He saw Mr. Jefferson the night before issuing his orders and using every exertion to remove the records and stores: he afterwards saw him at Westham, five miles above Richmond, when Arnold pushed a detachment to destroy the stores at that place, and which thro' Mr. J's. exertions were almost entirely saved. After the British evacuated Richmond, on his return the first man he met with was Mr. Jefferson."
In addition to the testimony already cited, we may consider the following letter to Mr. Huntington, the president of Congress, dated Richmond, January 20, 1781, as an authentic source of intelligence, because it was written at a time when the circumstances were fresh in the recollection of every observer, and because it was addressed to a body intimately informed on the subject by innumerable means, and who would not have failed to have exposed the slightest attempt made to deceive them at a crisis so important and by a man of such elevated standing.
SIR,
"It may seem odd, considering the important events which have taken place in this state within the course of ten days past; that I should not have transmitted an account of them to your excellency sooner. But such has been their extraordinary rapidity, and such the unremitted attention they have required from all concerned in the government, that I do not recollect the portion of time which I could have taken to commit them to paper. On the 31st of December a letter from a private gentleman to gen. Nelson, came to my hands, notifying that in the morning of the preceding day 27 sail of vessels entered the capes, and from the tenor of the letter we had reason to expect, within a few hours, further intelligence whether they were friends or foes, their force and other circumstances. We immediately dispatched gen. Nelson to the lower country, with powers to call on the militia in that quarter, or act as exigencies should require; but waited fur-
ther intelligence before we would call for militia from the middle or upper country. No further intelligence came until the 2d (of January) inst. when the former was confirmed. It was ascertained they had advanced up James river to Warrasqueek bay. All arrangements were immediately taken for calling in a sufficient body of militia for opposition; in the night of the 3d, we received advice that they were at anchor opposite Jamestown. We then supposed Williamsburg to be their object. The wind, however, which had hitherto been unfavorable, shifted fair, and the tide being also in their favor, they ascended the river to Kempen's that evening, and with the next tide came up to Westover; having on their way taken possession of some works we had at Heods, by which two or three of their vessels received some damage; but which were of necessity abandoned by the small garrison of 50 men placed there on the enemy's landing to invest the works. Intelligence of their having quitted the station at James Town, from which we supposed they meant to land for Williamsburg, and that they had got in the evening to Cannon's, reached us the next morning at five o'clock, and was the first indication of their meaning to penetrate towards this place or Petersburg. As the orders for drawing the militia here had been given but two days before, no opposition was in readiness. Every effort was therefore necessary to withdraw the arms and other military stores, records, &c. from this place. Every effort was accordingly made to convey them to the foundery six miles above this, till about sunset of that day, when we learned the enemy had come to an anchor at Westover that morning. We then knew this and not Petersburg was their object; and we began to carry across the river many things remaining here, and to remove what had been transported to the foundery and laboratory to Westham, the nearest crossing, seven miles above this place, which operation continued till they had approached very near. They marched from Westover at 2 o'clock in the afternoon of the 4th, and entered Richmond the day following. A regiment of infantry, and about 30 horse continued without halting to the foundery; they burnt that, the boring mill, magazine, and two other houses, and proceeded to Westham, but nothing being in their power there, they retired to Richmond; the next morning they burnt some buildings of public, and some of private property, with what stores remained in them; destroyed a great quantity of private stores, and about 12 o'clock retired towards Westover, when they encamped within the neck the next day. The loss is not accurately known. As far as I have been able to discover, it consisted in this place of about 800 muskets, some soldiers' clothing to a small amount, some quarter master's stores, of which 120 sides of leather was the principal article, part of the artificers' tools, and 3 wagons; besides which, 5 brass 4 lb's, which we sunk in the river were discovered to them, raised and carried off. Within 48 hours from the time of their landing, and 19 from our knowing their destination, they had penetrated 33 miles, done the whole injury and retired."
Their numbers, from the best intelligence I have had, are about 1500 infantry, and as to their cavalry, accounts vary from 50 to 120, the whole commanded by the parricide Arnold; our militia, dispersed over a large tract of country, can be called in but slowly. On the day the enemy advanced to this place, 200 only were embodied; they were of this town and its neighborhood, and were too few to do any thing. At this time, they are assembled in pretty considerable bodies on the south side of James river, but not yet brought to a point. On the north side are 2 or 3 small bodies, amounting in the whole to about 900 men. The enemy were at 4 o'clock yesterday evening still remaining in their encampment at Westover and Berkeley Neck. In the mean time, Baron Steuben, a zealous friend, has descended from the dignity of his proper command to direct our smallest movements. His vigilance has in a great measure supplied the want of force in preventing the enemy from crossing the river, which might have been very fatal. He has been assiduously employed in preparing equipments for the militia as they assemble, pointing them to a proper object, and other offices of a good commander. Should they loiter a little longer, and it is found practicable to collect an adequate force, I flatter myself they will not escape with impunity. To what place they will point their next exertions, we cannot even conjecture. The whole country on tide waters, and adjacent to them, is equally open to similar insult."
(Signed)
THOMAS JEFFERSON.
Upon this subject we will only add an extract from a letter written by gen. John Minor, of Fredericksburg, to his friend—
"That being in company with gen. Steevens and others, when the charge brought against Mr. Jefferson by Chas. Symmes, the present collector of the port of Alexandria, was the subject of
conversation, gen. S. expressed the warmest indignation; said it was a falsehood to his certain knowledge; that he despised the idea of effecting any political purpose at the expence of truth; that it was true he and Mr. J. differed in their sentiments, but nevertheless he did not believe there was a man in the U. S. more attached to the interest of his country than Mr. J. He then stated particulars—that he was at Richmond, a member of the legislature, and was among the last who quitted Richmond on the alarm being given that the enemy were coming into the city. that he saw Mr. J. there long after he thought it prudent that he should be gone; that he told him so and urged him to be gone; stated to him what effects his capture might have upon the state; that as he had no troops he could do no possible good by staying; Mr. J. replied his reason for staying was to save as many of the public records as possible; that he would effect more by his presence than by agents; that he was well mounted, and was not apprehensive of being taken. I think he added that he believed Mr. J. did not leave the city until the enemy were entering the lower part of it. From thence he went to Westham, and there took measures to secure the public arms. He then spoke of the affair of Charlottesville, and I distinctly remember acquitted him of all blame."
That man must be blind indeed who after reading the testimony here adduced can see "any thing indicative of timidity, unwarranted by any immediate movement of the enemy, and forbidden by a regard to those duties, which belong to the station he held."
There is some testimony so strong and so conclusive that every man is capable of deducing the proper inferences. Of this nature is the testimony which we have now advanced. We sincerely believe, that there is scarcely a single individual whom this accumulated evidence will not serve to convince that Mr. Jefferson so far from meeting the reproaches is entitled to the gratitude of his country, for his services during this period of the war: that to his activity and prudence we principally owe the preservation of most of our military stores, and some of our public records; and that during this perilous period, his presence of mind, his unruffled tranquility, the unshaken spirit of his soul were not less conspicuous than his activity and prudence. That Mr. Turner should not have touched upon this part of Mr. Jefferson's history is true but it is passing strange. Was it because he was unable among his "oldest and most respectable inhabitants of Richmond" to collect any facts which he might deem derogatory to Mr. Jefferson's reputation? Was it, that like other correct historians, he was really ignorant of that portion of our history, which records the first invasion of Arnold upon the capital? Or was it that he really confounded this event with the precipitate march from Petersburg and occupation of Manchester? Under any of these constructions, the vindication of Mr. Jefferson from the attacks of Mr. T. requires an additional force. If it was the first, Mr. Jefferson stands acquitted for his conduct during the first invasion, by the forced silence of an opponent, whose rancour had not yet exhausted its force, and whose industry would have eagerly seized upon the slightest means of accusation. If it was either the second or the last, the statement of Mr. Turner will be invalidated by his ignorance. For what credit will be then due to the assertions of an historian, when expatiating upon the details and minutiae of events, who proves himself ignorant of the difference and number of the most striking epochs!
FOR SALE.
THAT valuable Tract of Land where it now live called Brookefield, containing 418 acres and 3-4 of an acre; the soil is peculiarly good; there are a great number of well bearing apple, pear, and peach trees. It abounds with yellow Locusts, and has a sufficiency of oak for every necessary use. There is a large dwelling newly finished with four brick chimneys, two piazzas, four commodious rooms and a passage on each floor, and a large convenient kitchen adjoining it, a spring sink house, meat house, stables, carriage house and an overseer's house with a brick chimney, four tobacco houses, a large new quarter, corn houses, and granaries; a great proportion of swamp land very rich and well secured from freshes—like-wise 120 or 30 acres of wood land about three miles and a half distant from the aforesaid tract, a level public road leading to it. The dwelling plantation is about 3 1/2 miles distant from the port of Nottingham, 7 1/2 from Upper Marlbro', 18 from Alexandria ferry, and about the same distance from the Federal city. Any person wishing to purchase will apply to the subscriber.
THOS. BROOKE.
Brookfield, Sept. 4—w3t
REMOVAL.
THE CITY TREASURER'S OFFICE COUNCIL HALL is removed to the Brick House next west of the Theatre. August 23—w3t

THE ARRIVAL OF GEN. WILKINSON AT ST. LOUIS.
On the 11th day of July, 1805, his Excellency James Wilkinson, Governor of the territory of Louisiana, arrived at St. Louis, escorted by a troop of cavalry, composed of the citizens, who, for that purpose repaired to meet him six miles below the town. At the bridge near St. Louis, he was saluted by a body of Indians of different nations, about 100 in number, who discharged their pieces 100 times in honor of the General, as he passed by. On Main Street, in front of his house, stood a body of 240 regular troops, with their officers, who, in due military order, saluted their General on his arrival; whilst from the fort was heard the reiterated sound of the artillery.
On the third a select committee, attended by a number of the citizens of Saint Louis, waited on the General and presented him with the following
ADDRESS.
To his Excellency James Wilkinson, general and commander in chief of the United States' army, and Governor of the territory of Louisiana.
SIR,
The political wishes of the citizens of St. Louis are accomplished. The many vicissitudes of government which they have lately experienced, are at length brought to a close. An apprehension of our future destiny; the clouds of uncertainty, of inquietude, of anxiety, consequent on the late negotiation in the cabinets of Spain, of France and of the United States, respecting the cession of this extensive territory, are dissipated by the dawn of political liberty, which now begins to expand and brighten in the western hemisphere.
The arrival of a governor of known principles and worth—whose deportment during many years of public service, is characterized by prudence, stability and firmness—with a disposition to promote the happiness of civil society, on the broad basis of equal laws, order and the rights of man—vested too with power to procure these salutary objects for the members of the society over whom he is to preside, and among whom he is to make his residence, has anticipated the most sanguine expectations of the citizens of St. Louis.
These, Sir, are objects of the most flattering nature: These are objects whose intrinsic value can never be too highly appreciated.
Actuated, therefore, by a sense of the importance of these advantages, we beg leave, with the most sincere and profound respect, to congratulate you, Sir, on your arrival here, as a man, as a member and ornament of society, and as Governor of the territory of Louisiana.
And at this moment, we beg leave to assure you, of our inviolable attachment to the general government of the United States; and of our full determination to support, with unalterable firmness, the constitution and present administration, by whole wisdom and energy we have the inexpressible pleasure to reflect that, liberty, security, and the pursuit of happiness are guaranteed to us and our posterity. Accept our best wishes for your health and prosperity; and a long and happy administration of the government of the territory of Louisiana.
(Signed)
Charles Gratiat, Augt. Choteau, Aut. Soulard, Robert Wescott, J. Darnelle.
To the foregoing address, the Governor, in that persuasive eloquence of which he is so great a master, immediately delivered the following energetic
REPLY.
Gentlemen,
I received with great complacency your very obliging salutation, and am highly flattered by the courteous stile in which it is conceived.
I am sensible you have greatly over-rated my merits and my capacities; but I am certain your most sanguine anticipations do not exceed the zeal, integrity and ardor, with which I shall promote your substantial interests, and your true happiness.
Born, bred and educated under a government of laws and not of men, I well know, that did I possess the disposition, I do not enjoy the power to injure you essentially; because it is the infallible security of republican systems, that official depravity should find its antidote in the condemnation of the constituent power.
But impelled through life by a strong current of philanthropy, it has been my pride and my pleasure to promote the good fortune and happiness of my fellow creatures, from the untutored Indian to polished man; your confidence cannot therefore be misplaced when duty and inclination take the same direction.
When addressing you, gentlemen, I speak to men of discernment, of candor, integrity and honor, and therefore I will not restrain myself to the bare expression of my solicitude for your happiness, or my thanks for your partiality; but I will avail myself of the occasion, freely to expound to you my opinion of the conduct best calculated to forward the prosperity of your country.
I consider personal factions the bane of social harmony, and political strife hostile to human felicity; we should therefore sedulously endeavor to expel the gall of party spirit from our scattered feeble community, and encourage a rivalry in benevolent deeds, an accord in sentiment—a concert in policy, and a cheerful support of the government and the laws, under which we fortunately find ourselves: much, very much indeed of our reputation abroad, of our tranquillity at home, and our prosperity every where, will depend on our co-operation and union in these particulars.
And on my part, gentlemen, to advance these important objects, I shall steadily maintain a course of conduct, conciliatory, amicable, impartial and just; but at the same time firm and independent: With such dispositions, I will hope for pardon, while I express a wish that I may never be approached by insidious intrigue, or inordinate ambition, whose office it is to waylay every generous sentiment, and rob it of its commission, for sinister purposes.
I beg you, gentlemen, and the inhabitants of St. Louis, to be assured, that the demonstrations of personal respect with which you have been pleased to honor me, are extremely grateful to my affections; they excite my sincere gratitude, and were it possible, would inspire me with redoubled zeal, to discharge with fidelity the high trust confided to me by the President of the United States.
Signed,
J. WILKINSON.
To Messrs. Gratiat, Choteau, Soulard, Wescott and Darnelle, on their own part and that of the inhabitants of St. Louis.
On the fourth, was celebrated a festival as well in commemoration of the Independence of the United States of America, as in honor of the arrival of the Governor.
For this purpose, the citizens made choice of an eminence, which commanded an extensive view of the Mississippi river, a beautiful landscape on the eastern shore, the whole town of St. Louis on the south, and to the westward, an elegant prairie covered with flowers and herbage, and adorned with trees interspersed at convenient distances; which exposed to the view of the spectator, numerous flocks and herds of domestic animals browsing on the natural and spontaneous productions of a luxuriant soil.
On this delightful spot, was erected a table of 100 feet in a direct line from east to west, thence continued on angles of 45 degrees south west, and south east, each 100 feet—making in the whole, a table of 300 feet in length, which was abundantly furnished with all the delicacies of the season: in front of which was raised on a standard, the flag of the United States: opposite to which was raised, in like manner the pendant of the Union; which supported by a gentle zephyr, exposed to view the symbol of eternity.
The dinner was announced by the discharge of a cannon. His excellency accompanied by the civil and military officers, and a vast number of the most respectable citizens took their seats; and at the same moment, was raised, as if by magic, on the table, a pyramid, which had for inscription "sex super omnia." To the right, appeared in letters of gold, the initials of the United States; under which was placed, "Glory and power." To the left appeared, in like manner, the initials of General James Wilkinson, Governor of the territory of Louisiana; under which was the symbol of "protection." Without, stood a circle on which was raised 17 pyramids, which indicated that the centre was a composition of 17 states, supported by prudence, morality, wisdom and law.
[A number of appropriate and patriotic toasts were drank, which want of room compels us to omit.]
At 9 o'clock in the evening was opened an elegant ball—here the ladies invited in the most elegant, brilliant and graceful manner celebrated in their turn, by the innocent pleasures of the dance, the festival, which began in the morning. Here beauty sparkled before the enchanted eye. Here the courteous and affable manners and fascinating charms of the fair, reduce and soften into love, the haughty man! Here was exhibited a new testimonial of the superior taste, elegance and beauty of the Ladies of Louisiana.
The amusements did not cease till the gentle Aurora with a lighted taper in her rosy fingers, conducted each angelic form to her downy pillow. Ind. Gaz.
FROM THE AMERICAN PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS.
A memoir on the persimmon, by Mr. Isaac Barram.
THE American philosophical society having proposed at one of their meetings in November last, that a trial should be made for drawing a spirit from the fermented juice of the persimmon, I was appointed to make the experiment.
The season being then so far advanced, I apprehended it was too late; but being still urged by the society to make the essay, I purchased about half a bushel of the fruit in the month of December, which was so much damaged by the frost and rain that I almost despaired of success; the proper time for gathering it being in the month of October.
I however proceeded in the following manner:
I caused the persimmons to be well mashed, and put them in a 5 gallon keg, to which I added 2 gallons of water and about two-penny worth of yeast, in order to promote a fermentation. This being completed, I committed the whole to the still, and drew therefrom near half a gallon of proof spirit, of an agreeable flavour.
From the success of this experiment, I think it may be concluded, that the persimmon may be rendered very beneficial to those who have many of them growing on their plantations, and that they are worthy of the public attention, as many advantages may be reaped from the culture of the trees; some of which I shall hint at in the course of this paper.
To those who would undertake to collect large quantities of this fruit for distillation, I would recommend the following process:
Let a number of empty hogsheads, in proportion to the quantity of fruit, be provided; take out one of the heads of each, and in the other let a hole be bored, at about four inches from the chimb, into which fix a plug, which may occasionally be taken out from the lower end, when the casks are fixed upon trusses at a small distance from the ground. In these casks, over the holes, lay a number of small sticks, covered with straw, about 2 or 3 inches thick, to prevent the pulp from choking them.
Your hogsheads being thus prepared, fill one of them half full of persimmons which have been well mashed; add water until it rises within one third of the top; then cover the cask with the head that had been taken out, and let it stand nine days; by this time the pulpy or feculent part of the fruit will be separated by the act of fermentation; you are then to draw off the liquor by the hole in the bottom of the hogshead and put it in a tight cask, closely bunged up to prevent a second fermentation, whereby your liquor would become acid and unfit for the still.
Having thus extracted the more vinous parts from the hogshead, let as much water be added as before, which must be well stirred and mixed with the pulp, thereby to procure the whole strength of the fruit.
A second hogshead is then to be charged half full of fruit, well mashed as the first, and instead of pure water, fill it two thirds full with the second extract of the first hogshead, leaving it to ferment as before directed. This fermentation being perfected, draw off the liquor, and let it be bunged up close. The third hogshead is to be treated as the second, and in like manner every succeeding cask. After you have in this manner converted all your fruit into a fermented liquor, let it be kept at least one month before it is distilled, if it can be preserved without danger of its becoming sour. I have observed that vinous spirits, drawn from new fermented liquors, are not equal in flavour to those which have been meliorated by age.
The persimmon tree is of a quick growth, and yields great quantities of fruit in a few years after it is planted. The wood is hard, has a fine close grain, and may be applied to many mechanical purposes: it burns well and its ashes contain a very large proportion of salts.
These trees grow spontaneously near all our tide water rivers, and succeed in almost any kind of soil. They thrive best when planted in an open place. I would therefore recommend that they should be fixed at about ten feet apart round the fields, by which means they would be no incumbrance but contribute to the support of the fences, as they would serve for live posts. The leaves soon rot and become a good manure, insomuch that it is remarkable that grass grows better under these trees than any other.
Every farmer who has fifty acres of land, might plant three hundred trees round his fields; which being disposed as before directed, would be a great addition to the beauty of his farm.
Let us suppose that each full grown tree will produce two bushels of fruit upon an average (some I have seen bear thrice that quantity.) From a farm then of fifty acres, six hundred bushels of fruit might be gathered; and as from the foregoing experiment a bushel is found to yield a gallon of very agreeable spirit, every farmer having that number of trees might make six hundred gallons of liquor as good as rum.
The expenses attending the process we will suppose to amount to one half of the value of the liquor when distilled, which admitting it to be worth but two shillings per gallon, will leave a profit of thirty pounds per annum; a sum equal to the interest of a farm that would cost five hundred pounds.
Were we to extend this calculation to what every fifty acres of cultivated land in this province only would produce, we should find that we might soon become independent of the West Indies for the expensive article of rum, and thereby yearly save many thousand pounds to this colony.
A valuable gum exudes from this tree; for the collecting of which, the society established in London for promoting arts and manufactures, offered a premium of twenty pounds sterling for the greatest quantity, not less than fifty pounds weight, that should be collected from the persimmon tree in any of the British colonies in America, and imported from thence into the port of London between the first of April, 1762, and the first of April, 1763. And for the next greatest quantity, not less than twenty-five pounds weight, a premium of ten pounds sterling.
I have also been informed that an excellent beer is made of persimmons in some of the southern provinces.
Hence it will appear, that the cultivation of the persimmon tree is an object worthy the attention of our farmers, as it promises great profit to themselves, and still greater advantages to the community in general.
Philadelphia, 1771.
TO A CHILD SLEEPING UNDER A TREE.
HAIL, pleasing shade; hail, beauteous Spreading tree; I've come to give to solitude and thee One tranquil hour—But, Heaven! what strikes my eyes? Here on the cover'd sod an infant lies! Alarming scene! how came the cherub here? On its fair cheek is loit'ring still the tear; It sobs aloud; in fancy seems to weep— Sure it has cry'd, unheard, itself to sleep. Sleep on, sweet babe! in quiet slumber rest! Let balmy sleep compose thy troubled breast. Sleep, little angel! sleep away thy grief, Then wake and in a stranger find relief. Thy snowy locks I'll gently smooth aside, Dishevell'd tresses infant beauty hide; In the soft breezes while they loosely play, I'll steal one kiss and wipe the tear away. Sure thou hast strayed from thy fond mother's arms! Yes; gracious Heaven protect thy infant charms: Soft and alone, far has thy infant feet Wander'd to find this breezy calm retreat; Through the tall grass, across the lengthen'd mead, Till weary, here thou laid'st thy little head. Sleep on, dear boy! no harm shall thee o'ertake; Safe will I guard thee till thou dost awake. But hark! thy half distracted mother calls; The sound vibrates from yonder cottage walls; This way she comes, then back again she flies; Wild is her heaving breast, and loud she cries. Now her affrighted fancy paints thee dead, Where a wild herd, promiscuous grazing, tread; Till lo! alarming fear begins to rave, Then she consigns thee to a wat'ry grave. From place to place in wild disorder flies, And fancies oft she hears thy infant cries. Wake, lovely boy! the fast approaching night Will but augment thy anxious mother's fright; Wake! let me aid thee to her tender arms; Thy absence ev'ry feeling breast alarms; Rise, and I'll bear thee in my arms away, No more again across this mead to stray.
Runaway Negro.
WAS Committed to the jail of this county on the 18th day of August last, a negre man by the name of
RALPH
about 43 or 44 years old, about 5 feet 10 or 11 inches high, has a scar on his throat or neck, and two of his fore teeth out; his clothing is a tow shirt and trowsers, old swandown jacket, old wool hat, two pair striped cotton trowsers and an old linen shirt, says he belongs to James Wyatt near the Red House, Prince William county state of Virginia. His owner is desired to come, prove property, pay charges, and take him away, otherwise he will be sold for his prison fees according to law on the 20th day of November next.
L. HILLEARY, Sheriff, Allegany
county, Maryland. Cumberland, Sept 11—w3t
LOST.
IN George Town, District of Columbia on the evening of the 31st ultimo; one SILVER WATCH, double cased, marked R. B. on the outside, and R. B. in small letters on the side—maker's name Ellicott, London. Whoever will stop the said watch, & person having it and give notice to the printer hereof, shall receive FIVE DOLLARS reward. Sept 4—w3t
Runaway Negro.
WAS committed to the jail of Frederick county, on the 25th of July last, as a runaway, a negro man named JIM, about 23 years of age, five feet four inches high; His clothing is a velvet jacket, oam-burg shirt and trowsers, and a wool hat. He says he belongs to Mr. Evans, of Natchez, and that he was purchased of Rezin Mammond, of Anne-Arundel county, Maryland. His owner is desired to release him, or he will be sold for his jail fees agreeably to law.
GEORGE CRAIG, Sheriff of Frederick County.
Aug. 16th—1805—kavgw
WASHINGTON CITY.
FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 13.
Few legislative bodies have evinced more diligence, or seem more fully to have consulted the great and permanent interests of society, than the legislative council of the territory of Orleans. In the period of a short session they have, not only attended to the immediate and pressing wants of their fellow-citizens, but have laid the foundations of numerous institutions of invaluable utility. In these arrangements they have displayed a liberality, nay a munificence of spirit, not unworthy of the most enlightened communities, and which constitutes a pledge of the future grandeur which awaits, at no distant day, the inhabitants of Louisiana. Freedom has in this favored region already, perhaps, achieved more miracles, than even enthusiasts have fancied it capable of effecting. The abolition of restraint and monopoly, the introduction of good laws, the gradual approximation to the right of self-government, have unfolded energies and resources which our brethren did not know they possessed. They demand our respect and affection; the more especially as those who display them evince a steady attachment and warm gratitude to their new associates.
Among the new institutions planned is the establishment of a company for the purpose of improving the Inland Navigation of the territory, under whose direction it is proposed to employ a capital of 200,000 dollars, to be raised by subscription.
The general power to cut canals is given.
Certain specified objects are directed in the first instance to be effected.
A limited toll is allowed for the passage of vessels.
After the clear receipts shall exceed fifty per cent. for three successive years, the residue is to be appropriated to the general purposes of the territory.
A letter from Gibraltar dated 14th July last, mentions that Bacris, Busnachs and other principal jews, the friends of the Dey of Algiers, were murdered at Algiers, as was his favorite jew at Oran.
The public will find, in the following toasts, communicated for publication, a new evidence of the spirit that animates our western brethren.
THE FOURTH OF JULY has been universally celebrated in the TERRITORY OF LOUISIANA, in almost every village and settlement; and the sentiments which prevail, if we may judge from the toasts, prove that the people of that country are generally attached to the government and laws of the United States, and that the noise and clamor which has been raised by a few factious individuals, has no weight or influence among the great body of the citizens.
The following toasts were drank in the principal settlement on the Missouri, called Bon Homme, under a discharge of musketry from a company of infantry which attended for that purpose.
Captain Richard Caufk presided at the table, and during the whole time the greatest order, joy and sobriety prevailed.
1. The 4th July 1776—The nativity of the American Republic, a proud day for the friends of freedom, and a day of humiliation to tyrants.
2. Thomas Jefferson, President of the United States—The undeviating, firm and inflexible republican.
3. George Clinton, Vice-President of the United States.
4. The Congress of the United States—May the wisdom of their measures promote the prosperity of the union, and their example accelerate the progress of republicanism throughout the world.
5. The memory of General George Washington.
6. Louisiana—May it prove a pillar of adamant to the union, and its acquisition a blessing to those who inhabit it.
7. The memory of our deceased revolutionary heroes, and Franklin who snatched lightning from the heavens and the sceptre from tyrants.
8. Liberty—Founded on equality and law, and law on the broad basis of the public good and sound policy.
9. The sons of Columbia—This day assembled around the festive board, may their hearts be united in genuine republican principles.
10. Gen. James Wilkinson, governor, of the territory of Louisiana, we welcome him to this country; his patriotic principles will endear him to our citizens.
11. The press—Let it continue a scourge to those who under the insidious pretext of restraining its licentiousness, would rob it of its most valuable benefits; in a contest with error, truth will prevail.
12. The Fair of Louisiana—May they rival the matrons of Rome in patriotism and infuse the love of freedom into the hearts of their offspring.
13. The militia—Our best reliance in peace, and for the first moments of war till regulars shall supply their place.
14. Education to the rising youth—May the friends of freedom never forget that the palladium of rational liberty rests on the foundation of correct information.
15. Agriculture, manufactures and commerce—May they mutually promote the prosperity of each other.
16. The union of the states—Contempt for those who dare attempt the destruction of the constitution.
17. "Peace with all nations, entangling alliances with none"—May a steady adherence to this policy long continue.

our country the abode of happiness and an asylum to the oppressed. By Homme , July 7, 1805.
Extract of a letter from Mr. Gavino, to the Secretary of State, dated July 12th.
"I beg leave to congratulate you on the restoration of an honorable peace with Tripoli—adding thereto the agreeable account of capt. Bainbridge, with the other late captives, having got to Sicily."
Copy of a letter from commodore Rodgers to consul Gavino, transmitted to the Secretary of State.
"U.S. ship CONSTITUTION, MALTA, 8th June, 1805."
"SIR, "I have the honor to make known to you that peace was concluded between the U.S. of America and his excellency the Bashaw of Tripoli, by Tobias Lear, esq. commissioner on the part of the U.S. and the said Bashaw of Tripoli, in behalf of himself and subjects, on the 3d inst. on terms the most honorable and advantageous to the U.S."
"Our unfortunate countrymen, capt. Bainbridge, officers and crew of the frigate Philadelphia are again restored to liberty and their country: and I beg of you to give these communications publicity."
Extract of a letter from Capt. Bainbridge.
"On board the CONSTITUTION frigate,
"MALTA, June 8, 1805."
"I am here with all the officers of the late frigate Philadelphia in good health, having been liberated in consequence of a treaty, honorable to our country, made with the Bashaw of Tripoli on the 3d inst."
"I have solicited a Court of Enquiry, which I expect will be held in about 8 days."
Though Mr. Jefferson has ever been the reputed author of the Declaration of our Independence, and though that paper breathes a spirit of liberty which could scarcely be counterfeited, yet have the federalists thought proper to deny his attachment to American independence. They pretended last year to quote a petition to the king of Great-Britain, which according to them was draughted and signed by Mr. J. praying to be restored once more to the favor of the throne. Useless would be the task of repeating the refutation of this ridiculous charge. It would be like slaying those who have been "thrice slain." All who heard the circumstances of the case were not only satisfied that Mr. Jefferson was not the author of the petition, but they were satisfied with the reasons which induced him to sign it. Not a doubt however remained when they perused "the summary rights of British America," which was also re-published in our papers, and when they were told that this paper was not only the undoubted production of Mr. Jefferson's pen, but that at the time when it was composed, he had stripped the opinions of his most enlightened contemporaries. There was not a man who could have read that paper without believing that its author was the devoted friend of American independence.
In the following resolutions we have a new and incontestible proof of the fact. These resolutions were moved by Mr. J. in the assembly of Virginia during the spring of 1778. If the "summary rights of British America," demonstrate that its author was among the earliest friends of our independence, the following resolutions will prove his spirit in the support of liberty undaunted and unabated. They will prove him as anxious to embrace every energetic expedient to accomplish the revolution, as the first paper showed him anxious to undertake it.
Resolved unanimously, That a proposition from the enemy to all or any of these United States for peace or truce separate from their allies, is insidious and inadmissible.
Resolved unanimously, That a proposition from the enemy for treaty with any assembly or body of men in America, other than the Congress of these United States, is insidious and inadmissible.
Resolved unanimously, That this assembly will not listen to any proposition nor suffer any negotiation inconsistent with their national faith and federal union.
Resolved unanimously That this assembly will exert the utmost powers of the state to carry on the war with vigor and effect until peace shall be obtained in a manner consistent with our national faith and federal union.
Enquirer.
A new History of England.
The following literary notice appeared in the last monthly magazine, and it announces the design of a new and valuable work, which cannot be viewed by the intelligent part of the public without considerable interest. "William Godwin, author of the life of Geoffrey Chaucer, the first English poet, and of other works, wishes to give this public notice, that he has undertaken to compile a work, to be entitled The History of England , from the earliest records of events in this island to the revolution of 1688, to be written on a scale not smaller than that of the History of England during the same period, by Hume. He therefore invites all persons who may possess rare books, manuscripts or documents of any kind, calculated to illustrate the annals of this country, to favor him with the inspection and use of them. He pleads him-
self to a just and punctilious conduct respecting the articles which may be entrusted to him, and will thankfully acknowledge the facility which may be afforded to his pursuit. He would not have undertaken such a work, were he not animated with the ardent hope, by study and diligence, to throw a new light upon our annals; and it will be the first object of his vigilance to divest himself of such partialities and prepossessions as might lead him in any degree to distort or misrepresent any transaction or character, of which he shall have occasion to treat."
An agricultural society has lately been established in Orleans county, Vermont. Its object is to encourage domestic manufactures, economy and the agriculture of our country. Samuel C. Crafts has been chosen President, and Royal Corbin, secretary. After the organization of the society, the following resolutions were passed:
"Resolved, That this society recommend to each of its members to disuse foreign woollen cloths, particularly the fine, and all others as soon as may be. And that, so far as practicable, each member appear clothed in our own manufactures, at the next meeting. And also, that the spirits to be procured for the future refreshments of the society, be of the distillation of our own country."
"Resolved, That three dollars be given by the society, at our next meeting, under the regulations which the President and committee may direct, as a premium, to any person residing within the circuit of this society, who shall produce, of his own manufacture the present season, the best piece of woollen cloth, of at least the quantity of a coat's cloth; for a second best, two dollars; and for a third, one dollar."
If this example of the Green Mountain Boys were followed by the citizens of every county in New England, the necessity of importing cloths, &c. from foreign countries would soon be removed; and the specie which is now carried to Europe to purchase such articles, would be retained in our own coffers. The former consideration ought to induce every lover of his country, and the latter every lover of money to enter into similar associations.
Pol. Observatory. We republish the following from the Philadelphia Gazette , in corroboration of the statements recently made in this paper.
FURS & PELTRIES. From the animadversions that have lately appeared in the public prints of this city, on the exportation of some of these articles by the agent of the United States' Indian factories, the public may have naturally inferred, that this measure is a novelty most highly injurious to the hatters and furriers of this country, and that neither by individuals or the government have any been heretofore exported. A respect for the public opinion induces me, contrary to my former determination, once more to appear on this subject—justice to the government and to myself, also requires that the truth should be made known.
Having for the last six years employed vessels in a regular trade between this place and London, I am enabled to assert that so far from the export of furs and peltries being a new operation, that by every one of these vessels large quantities of these articles have been shipped.
From April 1798, to June 1804, there were exported to London in my vessels alone, one thousand one hundred and sixty two bales and puncheons of skins, furs, and peltries, and many more by other vessels; and yet no clamour was raised. By whom it will be asked were they shipped? I answer, that two hundred and forty-nine of these packages were shipped by one hatter of Philadelphia, and the remainder by Furriers, merchants, and by the United States—for, I go on to state, that in the year 1798, large quantities of furs and peltries received from the Indian factories, were exported from hence to London, by and for account of the United States—and Mr. Andrew Tybout, one of the most considerable hatters in this city, prepared in July 1798, one hundred and five hogsheads of these furs and peltries, which were shipped in the Two-Friends , captain John M'Dougal, for London; and in December 1799, and March and April 1800, other shipments of these articles were made for account of the U. States from Savannah to London, all under the administration of Mr. Adams. Two statements, containing the detail of these facts, are left with Mr. Relf, and any person so disposed may examine and compare them with the manifests at the custom house, and thereby obtain proof incontestible of their accuracy.
Why then it will be asked has such a clamor been raised against the recent and comparatively trifling shipments of articles, principally deer and bear skins, which the hatters never purchase, and which if they had been sold here, the dealers would as usual have exported—let those who have engaged in the clamour give a conscientious answer. The public will discover and judge of it. WM. DAVY.
From the MORNING CHRONICLE.
No event that has happened during the present administration, confers upon it greater lustre than the recent success of our arms against Tripoli. While other nations have disgracefully crouched before the powers of Barbary, the United States, tho' young in arms and resources, tho' separated by a vast expanse of waters from her savage enemies, has yet bravely defied, opposed, and conquered them. Our infant na-
tion has set a bright example to European powers, and the world will perhaps be indebted to her for a generous spirit of independence which shall form a part of her ever-remembered name. In the face of oppression, she may have given the fatal stroke to that depredatory warfare, which drags its enemy into slavery, and feast on his miseries. This glorious event has also released the bonds of our captive brethren, and restored them again to the bosom of their country. While my heart swells with generous emotions at those joyous tidings, while the amor patriae glides rapidly through my veins, and my breast beats high with national pride and enthusiasm; it is with the keenest indignation that my eye glances upon sentences like the following.
"The eagerness with which the above news is received, evinces the strong sensibility felt by the people, for the hard fate of their unhappy countrymen, who have so long been groaning in the dungeons of Tripoli, and sweating under the burdens of cruel Turkish task-masters, while their own government have been so intent on preserving a starving economy, as to leave them to their fate, unthought of, and unheeded."
Is it possible that a charge of this nature can be seriously brought against the government? Where is this "starving economy" of which the Field Marshal speaks? Has it been evinced in the determination not to submit to the arbitrary exactions of this despotic power? Has it been evidenced in the fitting out a large and efficient armament to carry desolation and war into her own ports? Has it been shewn in the procuring a large and powerful army to invade the Tripoline territory, and bear the terror of our nation into the very heart of their country? Have not the government as well as individuals sympathised in the distresses of our captive countrymen; exhibited a proper regard for their situation; and shewed a desire to free them from their bonds? Would this gentleman have required the government to pour its treasures into the lap of those barbarians, and redeem our brethren at the expence of national character and glory?
This miserable editor, after thus introducing his comments upon the defeat of the Tripolitan forces, observes, that it is not his intention to damp the "generous sympathy" that prevails, and then in order to preserve his promise, proceeds with a column of invectives against both the enterprise, and the administration that planned it. He declares decidedly that he knows nothing of the consequences of this victory; nothing of the treaty that has occasioned it; or of the particular advantages which it may produce to our nation. Yet in the plenitude of ignorance he premises two questions; one, whether the peace was bought? and next, at what price? These two, he confides as naturally arising from the subject, although he allows that our arms have been victorious, and that a negotiation has been forced & not bought. After cavilling at what he supposes the terms, although he acknowledges their utter ignorance , he concludes:
"After all the immense expence of squadron after squadron, frigates and gun boats, we are indebted for the peace, and the liberties of our unfortunate fellow citizens, to the intrepidity and boldness of an individual by land, heading an army of rebellious subjects , in the pious work of advancing a pretender to his brother's throne."
Here is another specimen of editorial logic, wound up with an address to the feelings. In his exordium he speaks of the "starving economy" of our government; "in his close" of the "immense expence of squadron after squadron." Now because an attack by land has been the dernier resort of our forces, and has ensured victory, he seems to consider that our naval armament has been useless, because it was not the immediate cause of success. This short sighted individual has not considered that to our navy we are indebted for the security of our commerce in the Mediterranean; the close blockade of Tripoli; the continual harraiment which it has occasioned to that port, and the great alliance it must have afforded, and the confidence it must have infused in the invasion of the country. It does not occur to him that the continual expectation of our attack by sea, while they were closely pressed by land, must, after a defeat have driven them to despair, and made them eager to negotiate.
The last remark that we have affixed an Usurper "in the pious work" of dethroning his brother, is very affecting, and must occasion the keenest emotions in the bosom of sensibility. Who is this brother? A TYRANT, who, after the death of his father, assassinated his elder brother, and usurped the throne—a wretch has made war upon humanity, who committed depredations on the weak and defenceless, who has rioted on the groans of the captives, and fattened on the sufferings of his victims; who has trampled upon the laws of nations, who has insulted our flag, invaded our commerce, and carried our BRETHREN INTO CAPTIVITY. Is he an object of our compassion? Is he entitled to gene-
ral commiseration? Away with such nonsense. It is ever right to hurl the tyrant from dominion, and to level him with the dust. Even had he a right to rule, he had no right to oppress. If he has abused power, let that power be taken from him and placed in better hands.
And so much for this bundle of editorial trash and contradiction. This is the manner in which this silly editor prates eternally about the administration and its conduct. Like a grovelling mongrel, he continually howls at every act of the government, however righteous and expedient, and whether he has sense enough to comprehend its ability or not. This nonsense of his own he calls the language of his party, and entitles it "support of the federal cause."
NEW YORK, July 9. By the ship Oliver Ellsworth , captain Bennett, which arrived at this port at a late hour last evening in 41 days from Liverpool, London papers to the 25th and Liverpool papers to the 27th, both inclusive, have been received. They are 8 days later than any previous accounts, but furnish no political intelligence of moment. The following are amongst the principal articles.
LONDON, JULY 22. The report that Portugal will be obliged to renounce all connexion with this country, or be attacked by France or Spain, is renewed; and it is said that a French army is forming at Perpignan, to march through Spain. This however, is not yet ascertained.
Admiral Cornwallis, on being apprised of the return of the combined fleets to Europe, recalled a squadron of five sail of the line, which he had detached under the orders of Sir Richard Strachan, with a view, as was supposed, to reinforce the Rochefort and Ferrol squadrons.
The blockade of Cadiz is, in the last accounts from Madrid, admitted to have been resumed by an English squadron.
A reconciliation is stated to have taken place between Bonaparte and his brother Jerome, on condition that the latter renounces his wife, and serves at sea for a certain number of years, in expiation of his offence.
July 23.
Attempts have been recently made by some of the enemy's emissaries to ascertain the defensive state of our forts along the coast. Tuesday, two persons, supposed to be spies from the enemy's coast, were detected in the act of endeavoring to bribe the centinel to gain admittance into Deal castle. Their questions as to the state of the fort, the calibre of the ordnance, with all its means of defence, were overheard by one of the foot guards, who observed them while taking minutes of the answers they received, followed them into Deal, and caused them to be apprehended.
July 24.
The Americans, to their infinite honor, have triumphed over that petty African tyranny to which the several states of Europe have so long submitted, and supported by their inglorious and impolitic subsidies. We on Saturday received accounts from Messina, dated the first of June, which communicate the following interesting intelligence:
Colonel Eaton having landed with a body of marines, &c. from the American squadron in Egypt, advanced into the Tripolitan territory, and after some severe contests, in which he was wounded in the arm by a musket ball, and in which many of his people fell, he carried Derna and Bangasi by assault. The Tripolitans alarmed at this success, immediately made overtures of peace, proposing to liberate captain Bainbridge and the people of the Philadelphia, &c. Colonel Lear is gone to Tripoli in the Essex frigate, to negotiate with the Bashaw; and the Constitution and Vixen have been sent to Tunis to enforce on the Bey a better observance of peace than he has of late seemed disposed to adopt.
July 25.
A Gottenburgh mail arrived yesterday and brings the important intelligence that, in consequence of Bonaparte's late proceedings in Italy, M. Novoziloff has received orders from his court not to proceed to Paris. We understand that Government have received information to this effect. It is said, too, that M. Novoziloff will come to London instead of going to Paris, in order to wait further instructions and to consult with this government. The letters brought by the Gottenburgh mail state that the king of Sweden is about to put all Swedish Pomerania under the protection of Russia.
No accounts have been received of Lord Nelson and the combined fleet.
July 25.
Mr. MUNRO, the American minister, has arrived at Blake's hotel, Jermyn street, from Madrid.
To be Sold,
ON the 10th of October next, if fair, if not the next fair day, by order of the Orphans Court of Prince George's county, at the plantation of WILLIAM HUGHSON near Upper Marlboro', to the highest bidder on 9 months' credit, all the personal estate of JOHN T. WILLETT, late of Prince George's county, deceased, viz. seven negroes, consisting of women, boys and girls, horses, cows and hogs, some household furniture—the purchaser to give bond with approved security bearing interest from the date, the sale to commence at 12 o'clock.
NINAN T. WILLETT, Adm'r. Sept. 13—tawgaw
NOTICE:
THE subscribers having obtained letters of administration from the Orphan's Court of Prince George's county upon the personal estate of JOHN FRANCIS HARDY deceased; they therefore give notice to all those indebted to the estate of the said John Francis Hardy to settle their respective debts. Those who have claims upon the estate are requested to exhibit them legally authenticated.
ELIZABETH HARDY, } Adm'r. RICHARD S. GORDON, } Magruder's Ferry, Prince George's county Sept. 13—3w
SULLIVAN'S LECTURES,
PROPOSALS
By THOMAS B. WATT & Co. FOR PRINTING, BY SUBSCRIPTION, AN HISTORICAL TREATISE
ON THE
FEUDAL LAW,
AND THE
CONSTITUTION AND LAWS OF
ENGLAND;
With a Commentary on Magna Charta, and Illustrations of many of the English Statutes.
BY THE LATE
FRANCIS STOUGHTON SULLIVAN, L. L. D.
Royal Professor of Common Law in the University of Dublin.
To which authorities are added, and a Discourse is prefixed, concerning the Laws and Government of England. BY GILBERT STUART L. L. D.
THE Lectures of Professor
Sullivan, delivered to the students in the University of Dublin, are in very high repute among all Lawyers of eminence, and have been uniformly recommended as an elementary book to those young gentlemen who begin the study of Law with a view to render themselves respectable in the profession.
However obsolete the feudal policy may now seem to be, it having gradually disappeared as mankind grew more civilized and became better acquainted with their natural and inalienable rights and privileges; yet a research into the history of the government of jurisprudence of the nations of Europe, will satisfy any one, that many consequences of that system still exist and influence the opinions and decisions of the highest and most enlightened tribunals of justice. Every author who has undertaken to give a regular and systematic account of the rise and progress of modern nations, has felt himself obliged to resort to the history of feuds and feudal rights, as the fundamental principle from which all existing civil and political institutions have taken their rise; and every jurist who has employed himself in explaining the constitution and laws of his country, has gone to the same source for the correct materials of his essays and dissertations. Robertson, in his history of the Emperor Charles V. has with great beauty and perspicuity illustrated so much of the feudal policy as was necessary to enable the scientific reader to understand that valuable book; and Sir Wm. Blackstone has in the course of his commentaries, led the student to a contemplation of the ancient tenures, many of which depend upon the doctrine of feuds, as established in England by the Norman conqueror.
But in both those invaluable productions, the feudal policy was adverted to, only as incidental to the principal object of the authors, and therefore cannot be supposed to furnish so complete and satisfactory an account, as would be given by so distinguished a lawyer as professor Sullivan, who declares the great purpose of his lectures to be the full discussion of the subject, which was of necessity but partially considered by the other writers.
This work has become so scarce in this country, as to be seldom seen, even on the shelves of a practicing lawyer; a fact to be accounted for only by the difficulty of obtaining the book: for it cannot well be supposed that any one of the profession, who has higher views than the mere pecuniary advantages of the practice, would willingly neglect an enquiry into those ancient institutions, upon which, notwithstanding the lapse of ages, most modern improvements are founded. But it is not to the profession alone, that this book may be considered useful. In this rising empire, where political knowledge to a certain degree is claimed by all, and actually possessed by many; a book which so lucidly and so judiciously brings to view the laws, institutions, manners and customs of those nations from which our English ancestors descended, must be peculiarly useful as it will enable young politicians to trace all our civil regulations to their source, and thus to account methodically and scientifically for many modern usages and practices, of which their knowledge is extremely superficial. In this book they will see how our ancestors struggled for the establishment of those privileges which artful monarchs and a proud nobility were continually attempting to destroy; and they will also learn that the persevering industry of the people, aided by the wealth which their skill and enterprise brought into the country, finally obtained a complete victory in the establishment of principles and customs, which, transplanted into America by our progenitors, terminated in those glorious constitutions which distinguish the people of America, for liberty and happiness, from every other people on the earth.
CONDITIONS.
The work shall be elegantly printed, in two octavo volumes, on five wove paper, with a new and beautiful type. It will be delivered to Subscribers, bound in calf, at Five Dollars; and in boards at Four Dollars—To non-subscribers the price will be enhanced. No money will be required till the delivery of the work.
Those who subscribe for ten sets shall have one gratis. To booksellers the usual allowance will be made.
Portland, June 24—
THE above work will be printed from a correct London Edition—The few copies of an 18th Edition now circulating in this country are considered by the full law character as extremely incorrect, and not to be relied on by historical authority.

WASHINGTON RACES.
ON Tuesday the 29th of October next, will be run for over the Washington course, a JOCKEY CLUB PURSE , the four mile heats free for any horse, mare or gelding, agreeably to the rules of the club.
WEDNESDAY, A OCKEY CLUB PURSE the three mile heats, free as aforesaid, the winning horse of the preceding day excepted.
THURSDAY, An Elegant Fifty Guinea Silver Cup. Ten subscribers—Single four miles, and a handsome City and Town Purse. The two mile heats free as aforesaid, the winning horse of the preceding day excepted.
Weight as follows.   Aged Horses 126 lb.  6 years old 120  5 do. 112  4 do. 100  3 do. 86 
Mares and Geldings allowed 3 lb. The members of the Club will meet at the Town Room on the evening before the Races, in order to make proper arrangements for the same. Those who cannot attend are particular, y requested to forward their dues to the subscriber.
CH. M. AUGHLIN, Sec. & Treasurer, W. J. Club. N. B. The amount of the Purse cannot at this time be ascertained, as they are in part to be raised from toll at the gates and rent of booths. C. M. L. Sept. 6, 1805—cpst.
Sale at Auction OF FURNITURE.
ON Tuesday 17th September will be sold at public auction, next door to Mr. Harrison Smith's on Pennsylvania avenue, a variety of furniture the property of Mrs. SALLY DANIEL, consisting of beds, bedsteads and furniture, Mahogany dining and card tables, an elegant side board, chairs, bras and irons, shovels and tongs, mahogany bureau, fine carpets, and a quantity of blankets all in excellent order, also a quantity of kitchen furniture. The terms of sale for all sums amounting to 20 dollars cash, for all sums over 20 dollars, negotiable notes with approved indorsers at the city bank, to bear interest from day of sale. Sale to commence at 10 o'clock in the forenoon. JOHN TRAVERS, Auctioneer. Sept. 11—3t
PUBLIC SALES.
Of Houses, Lots, and lands situated in Fredericktown, and in the county of Frederick and state of Maryland.
ON the 23d of October next, at Mrs. Kimbolls in said town, will be sold at auction for the benefit of creditors, viz. in Frederick town. A large, handsome and commodious three story brick dwelling & storehouse, in a central situation for business—Also an extensive range of building, forming a very eligible family residence, in an airy situation with every needful improvement, and an out lot of 21 acres, enclosed with a post and rail fence, now in two tenements well apportioned, with meadow, upland, improvements and timber, distant about 12 miles. The terms, one twelfth in hand, one fourth in one month, the residue in two equal annual installments with interest, on bond and security. JOHN FITCHIE, Trustee. Frederick town, Sept. 11—
Anacosta Library.
NOTICE to the Stockholders.—That the annual election was held at the Library room in conformity to the constitution, on Tuesday the 3d inst. when the following gentlemen were elected officers:
 Doct. A. McWilliams, James Burges, Asaiah Gatton, Matthew Wright, Adam Lindsay, } Trustees.  Gustavus Hyndon—Librarian. Samuel Fowler—Treasurer. Robert Bunyie—Secretary. 
The Library is now removed to Mr. Higdon's, at the corner of L street fourth and 8th street east. R. BUNYIE, Secretary. City of Washington, Sept. 11—3t
District of Columbia, Washington county, ss.
BE it remembered that on the 10th day of September, 1805, Stephen Osbourne, residing near Rock creek church, brought before me the subscriber, a justice of the peace in and for the county aforesaid, a black mare taken up as stray about 6 years old, 14 hands high, a long blaze down her forehead, with a remarkable scar on the right buttock.
Given under my hand the day and year above written. SAML. N. SMALLWOOD. The owner of said mare is requested to prove property, pay charges and take her away. STEPHEN OSBOURNE. Sept. 11—3t.
ISAIAH BALDERSTON, & SON,
AT the sign of the Fan and Screen, No 32 Front street, Old town, and 1 Hanover street (nearly opposite Evans's Tavern) Baltimore, Manufacture and sell the following articles, viz—Fans for cleaning wheat, Wire Scales of the most approved kinds, Rolling & Standing Screens (for merchant mills, and flaxseed Rolling Screens may be had on the common construction, or on Isaiah Balderston's improved plan, which is found to be superior to any heretofore in use for separating garlic from wheat) Riddles and Seives for corn, coal, ore, barley, rye, oats, flax and clover seeds, wheat, cockle, lime, sand, snuff, flatch, and brick dust. Woven Wire for milk houses and cellar windows, together with all kinds of wire work, of which they constantly keep a complete and extensive assortment. Orders for any of the above articles left with Wm. Morgan, George town, or forwarded to them will be executed with punctuality and dispatch moderate terms. 3th Mo. 23—
For sale on a liberal credit, or will be exchanged for ground rents or improved property in Alexandria. George Town or Washington, one half or the whole of the LONG GLADES, containing thirteen hundred and fifty acres of land, situated three miles from the Great Falls of Potomac, in the county of Fairfax, on the post road from Alexandria and the city of Washington, twenty miles from the former, and fourteen from the latter. On this land is the well known White House, half way between Alexandria and Leesburgh. The buildings are convenient and good. The situation for a Public House is inferior to none. A store might be established here to advantage. This property can be divided so as to give an equal proportion of woodland to each part. There is no tract of the same size in the country that is better watered, that has a larger proportion of valuable meadow, nor no one in the state in which a fairer sale can be made. It meets with a ready sale as at Washington or Alexandria. There are on it two mill seats, a stone Quarry, and an excellent situation for a distillery. There are front appearances of copper ore on part of the land that adjoins the mine tract, belonging to Lord Fairfaxville and others. Also a plantation containing 400 acres of good time stone land, situated within 12 miles of Winchester 7 of Newtown, and 7 from the Shenandoah river which is now opening. One half the tract is in heavy timber, has a good proportion of meadow and is well watered. Also, a tract of land containing three hundred and fifty six acres in the district of Columbia, on four mile run between seven and eight miles from Alexandria, and about four from George Town or Washington. More than half this land is in valuable timber; has a large quarry of building stone, and is well watered. The improvements are indifferent. It has several elegant sites for building, that command a prospect of the city of Washington and adjacent country. J. SWITT. Sept. 11—3t.
CHARLES H. VARDEN, MERCHANT TAYLOR.
Has received from Philadelphia a handsome assortment of FALL goods,
consisting of the best London and French superfine cloths, cassimeres, patent Bennet's cord, toiletnets, fancy and white Marceilles, black and figured silk, moleskins, fancy silk, Marceilles, constitution cords, velvets, Genoa cord, silk and satin Florentines, superfine coating, knapped cloths, with a variety of other articles suitable for the winter season. N. B. Ladies habits, regimentals, and navy uniforms made in the first style of fashion. New Jersey avenue near the Capitol, December 10—tf
Preparing for the Press,
AND will be published early in the Spring, in one close printed volume, The spirit of the Public Journals; Being an impartial selection of the best original Poetry, Essays, &c. which have appeared in the newspapers of the United States during the year 1805. The Editors of Newspapers who exchange with the BALTIMORE EVENING POST, are requested to give the above advertisement a few insertions in their papers. When published, a copy of the work will be sent to each office. Sept. 9—
NOTICE to Delinquent Subscribers to the THEATRE.
ALL Subscribers to the Theatre, who have not made full payments on their shares, or contributed the materials and work promised, are hereby notified that unless the same be done on or before the first day of December next, their shares will be forfeited; after which day certificates of stock will be issued to those subscribers who have complied with the terms of subscription on application to the Directors. ROBERT BRENT, WILLIAM BRENT, SAMUEL H. SMITH, } Directors. Sept. 4—tf
For Sale
IN the county of Prince William, Virginia, Mesbico run and its appendages, with four or five thousand acres of land adjoining, near the town of Dumfries, and within four or five miles of the Potomac—the soil is generally adapted to small grain, and if too considerable for one purchaser, will be laid off in Lots suitable for small farms—a description of the land is thought unnecessary—as those wishing to purchase will no doubt first view it: the payments required will be one third cash, and the other two thirds in annual installments, to be secured by a mortgage on the land; and no deed given until the last payment is made; any person wishing to purchase, may know the terms by applying to Mr. Thomas T. Page, living near the premises, who is fully authorized by me to sell the whole or any part. JOHN TAYLOR. August 16—3m.
N. B. A valuable mine bank in Maryland may be had with the furnace if required. J. T.
Few Dollars Reward.
WAS missed on Sunday, the 5th of May a double cased silver Watch, maker's name Croftswate, Dublin, and in the outer case was a watch paper with Mr. Parker's name of Philadelphia.—Whoever will bring the said watch to the office of the National Intelligencer, shall receive the above reward, and no questions will be asked. May 12—tf
ELIAS B. CALDWELL,
ATTORNEY AT LAW, HAS removed his Office, to the house lately occupied by Mr. LAW, on Capitol Hill, Washington, July 26—tf
A Brewery for Sale.
BY virtue of an authority given to the subscriber will be sold upon the premises to the highest bidder, on Monday the 21st day of October next at the hour of twelve, Lot numbered 10 in square east of square numbered 33 in the city of Washington; upon this lot are a malt house and kiln, a dwelling house of four rooms, to which is attached the brew house, containing a copper of 600 gallons and another of 100 gallons, a mashing tun, at present down, a working tun and a number of hogheads; also a small granary with cellar room for sixty rum hogheads—the standing works are convenient and the whole may be put in complete repair for 500 dollars. Annexed to the brewery is a good horse mill. A wharf may be extended from it at a small expense, to receive wood and grain, and beer may be conveyed from it by water to all the more populous parts of the city and George Town. The above property is extremely desirable in all respects to a person wishing to go into the brewing line. The terms of sale are, the purchase money to be paid one half in six and the other in nine months. For which payments security will be expected. Any person wishing to view the premises will please apply to Dr. Conningham residing thereon. MARSHAM WARING. Sept. 2—tdof
The subscriber begs leave
to inform his friends and the public generally, that he has moved from the Navy Yard to the Capitol Hill, in the hotel lately occupied by Mr. P. D. Stelle, where he hopes to be favoured with a part of their patronage. It being a desirable situation, and the conveniences of the hotel excelled by none in the city. He therefore hopes to please those that call upon him in every instance. WILLIAM R. KING. August 30—tf.
To be Sold,
Or exchanged for other property in the City, or its vicinity.
TWO valuable and contiguous TRACTS OF LAND in the state of Kentucky, the one containing 6680 acres, and the other 6252 acres, by late survey. They are under old and indisputable titles of more than twenty years, and situate in a populous county, adjoining flourishing settlements. All taxes thereon have been duly paid. Apply to the subscriber. JOHN BECKLEY. City of Washington, July 17—cpzm
1500 DOLLARS REWARD.
HIGHWAY ROBBERY.
YESTERDAY about 11 o'clock in the forenoon, Mr. JOHN PETER, an Officer of the BANK OF COLUMBIA, was stopped on horseback on the road between this town and Alexandria, and within about 2 miles of the latter place, by some unknown villain, shot through the body with a pistol, and robbed of a sum of money in his possession belonging to this institution which he was taking to Alexandria, for the purpose of exchanging with the banks there. The whole sum taken amounted Eighteen Thousand One hundred and Fourteen Dollars and Sixty five Cents, made up in several packages, among which were,
 1 post note of the Bank of Virginia, for 800  1 do. of the same, for 500  1 do. of the same, for 500  1 do. of the same, for 450  1 do. of the Bank of Potomac in favor of Joseph Kiddie by him endorsed to Washington Bowie, dated 6 July, 1805. No 117 149 05 
A check of the Union Bank, on the Bank of Alexandria, drawn by E. Higginbotham, cashier, in favor of Greenham and Devereau, by them endorsed and by Messrs. Stoddert, and C. Smith, teller.
There were also a parcel of post notes of the Bank of Alexandria for 100 dollars, and for 50 dollars, each. The remainder was in current notes, principally of the banks of Alexandria and Potomac, and some few of the Bank of Virginia of different sizes and denominations.
As the attack was sudden, and the wound received of a nature to deprive Mr. Peter instantly of his senses, (although it is now hoped he will recover) the description obtained may not be very accurate.—As far as we are informed the man who perpetrated the act, is of middle stature, good countenance, and had a genteel appearance. He had on a dark blue or black coat, nankeen pantaloons, shoes, and a black hat, he was on foot and alone at the time, but may have had accomplices concealed, and will probably change his clothes.
FIVE HUNDRED DOLLARS will be given to any person or persons, who will detect and bring to conviction the robber; and ONE THOUSAND DOLLARS additional for the recovery of the whole of the money, or in proportion for any smaller sum recovered.—should there be accomplices, and one of them make a discovery, so that it leads to the conviction of the robber, or to the recovery of the money he shall receive the above reward, and interest will be made to obtain his pardon. WILLIAM WHANN, Cashier of the Bank of Columbia. George Town, July 31—
On a liberal credit.
THE subscriber will dispose of at private sale, his estate called Chichester, lying on the eastern branch, immediately adjacent to the city of Washington. This tract of land containing 697 acres is laid off in lots from 83 to 144 acres for the convenience of purchasers. Plats of the estate and the terms of sale are in the hands of colonel Hanson at the navy yard, and Charles Wayman of George Town. The lots will be shown by Mr. Wedden, living on the premises, near the Eastern Branch bridge. ANTHONY ADDISON. Burgby, 12th June 1805—tf
TO BE SOLD, AT PUBLIC VENDUE,
At Gadsby's Hotel, in Alexandria, on Monday the 16th day of September, at 12 o'clock at noon.
ALL that TRACT OF LAND late Presly Thornton, Esquire's, situated in Northumberland county, Virginia, lying immediately on the Potomac river. The following description is given of this property by persons well acquainted with it:—“It contains 2,500 acres, 1700 acres of which are the most valuable low grounds on the river, between 3 and 400 acres heavily timbered, and the remainder very high land extremely productive. The soil of this tract is equal to any in the state for the cultivation of corn, wheat, tobacco, timothy, and small grain of all kinds. On this tract are a large commodious Brick Mansion House and two Offices, a large Brick Stable, valuable Barn, Cow House, and many other out houses. The Orchards and Garden contain a variety of valuable fruit trees, and the waters abound with excellent fish and oysters. It is situated about a day's sail from Baltimore Alexandria and Norfolk. There are two good mill seats for grist and saw mills on the estate, and plenty of cedar and chestnut timber, for which an excellent market may be found at the city of Washington.” The terms of sale are—one fourth cash on, fourth in one year, one fourth in 18 months and the residue in two years from the day of sale. The payments to be secured by bonds, with mortgages on the premises, and to be on interest from the day of sale. For further information, application may be made in behalf of the subscriber, Thomas Robinson, to Richard Peters, jun attorney at law in the city of Philadelphia, or to William Lewis, in the same city, (Philadelphia.) THOMAS ROBINSON, W. LEWIS. June 19—cp Sep. 16
PROPOSALS
For publishing by subscription, A NEW WORK, ENTITLED “PLAIN DISCOURSES ON THE CHEMICAL LAWS OF MATTER”
Containing a general view of the principles and improvements of the science of CHEMISTRY, with a particular detail of such parts as are the objects of more common attention. By THOS. EWELL, M. D. &c. of Virg.
TO THE PROMOTERS OF USEFUL KNOWLEDGE.
I HAVE ventured to present for your patronage a new work. It is a system of Chemistry exempt from technical terms as retard the study, by those not desirous of entering into the wiles refinements of the science; and it will convey particular descriptions of those processes which are for domestic purposes. The object of the work is to render the study of chemistry less difficult, more general and agreeable, as well as to lead to improvements in various arts.
Long has the greater part of mankind labored under difficulties which might have been avoided by learning the discoveries of Philosophers. During the study of most sciences we notice improvements unknown to the majority of the people; and in no one have these become more conspicuous than in the science of Chemistry. Since the wild conjectures of deluded men were banished from its annals, the study has become one of the most useful and interesting to ALL of common understanding. The science is now characterised by a simplicity, hostile only to the pride of the pedantic scholar. Its extensive scenes are open, and with powerful attraction they invite the entrance of the intelligent in the pursuit of pleasure, of information, or of most of the arts. An entrance is desired, that the wonderful beauty and wisdom displayed in the operations of nature may be contemplated with rapture, in parts neglected by the vulgar as a “drearly void.”
To those in the pursuit of pleasure, the study of chemistry affords the greatest delight. The conversion of solids into volumes of vivifying airs, and of airs and other fluids into solids, are processes which altho' inferior to many in chemistry, give unusual satisfaction. To know the composition of the substances surrounding us, with their connection and relation to each other, and to understand many of the arts of chemists—will impart to the mind an agreeable action, while they increase its capacity to make improvements. And such are the fascinating powers attached to the pursuit of this knowledge, that France is fast becoming a nation of chemists, in consequence of the general study of the science by the ladies as well as gentlemen.
Those respectable cultivators of Land will be much benefited by an acquaintance with chemistry. It will teach them the properties of the soil they cultivate, the art of making manures, and the kinds of vegetables as well as manures best adapted for their respective farms. An idea of this may be formed from the famous fact, that by a judicious management of the grave yards at Paris, such quantities of salt petre were procured for the powder manufactories as to enable the French government to procure their war.
To be able to detect the presence, and discriminate between the noxious and innocent metals, as well as to make most useful combinations of them, to ascertain the constituents of medical springs, to detect the adulterations of our drinks, and to correct corrupted airs, must be of consequence to most individuals. The combustion of bodies, the arts of tanning and preserving meats, of coloring and of making glass, of brewing and distilling, as well as many other arts, are chemical operations. No doubt most of them could be improved by a further cultivation of the science, which from its simplicity could be done in but a small part of the time often mispent by the artist. This will be less doubted by reading the following extract from a letter received from the President, Mr. Jefferson, dated Monticello, August 1805.
“Of the importance of turning a knowledge of chemistry to household purposes, I have been long satisfied. The common herd of philosophers seem to write only for one another. The chemists have filed volumes on the composition of a thousand substances of no sort of importance to the purposes of life; while the arts of making
bread, butter, cheese, vinegar, soap, beer, cyder, &c. remain totally unexplained. Chapitali has lately given the chemistry of wine making; the late Dr. Pennington did the same as to bread, and promised to pursue the line of rendering his knowledge useful to common life; but death deprived us of his labors. Good treatises on these subjects should receive general approbation. Accept of my salutations and assurances of respect. TH: JEFFERSON.
But, fellow citizens, for you to know the beauty, the connection and the importance of the science I wish to communicate to you, it is necessary that you know the science itself. To relate in the most intelligible terms the discoveries of chemical philosophers will not be the extent of my labors. I shall offer a new view of the art of ascertaining the fertility of Lands, and of the formation of vegetable juices, which has been approved of by some distinguished characters. I shall also relate some original experiments, a part of which establish a hitherto disputed doctrine concerning heat, & throw light on the art of enriching impoverished Lands.
You will now determine by your subscription, whether the desire of disseminating useful knowledge shall be gratified—whether the proposed publication shall appear. T. EWELL.
TERMS OF PUBLICATION.
As soon as a sufficient number of subscribers are obtained, the work shall be put to the press. It will be comprized in from 4 to 500 pages 8vo. will be printed on good paper with suitable type.—A general Index will be annexed to the work—with proper drawings of the apparatus commonly used by chemists. The work shall be bound in boards and delivered to Subscribers at three dollars per copy.
Those who become answerable for more than five copies, shall receive the usual allowance of Booksellers. Subscriptions received at the office of the NATIONAL INTELLIGENCER, and at Mr. MARCH'S, George-town.
IN CHANCERY, MARYLAND,
August 5, 1805. Hezekiah Berry, vs.
Samuel Smallwood, Amastatia Smith & Cornelius Smith her husband and others.
The object of the bill in this cause filed is to obtain a decree to foreclose a mortgage executed by Henry Smallwood on first day of July seventeen hundred and ninety nine for conveying to the complainant sundry tracts of land in Charles county. The bill states that Samuel Smallwood, Amastatia Smith and Cornelius Smith her husband reside out of the state of Maryland. It is thereupon prayed and ordered that the complainant by causing a copy of this order to be inserted three successive weeks in a newspaper in the city of Washington, before the 25th day of October next, give notice to the defendants of this application and of the substance and object of the bill, that they may be warned to appear here in person or by a solicitor of this court before the twenty-fifth day of February next, to show cause if any they have wherefore a decree should not pass as prayed. Test SAMUEL HARVEY HOWARD, Reg. Cur. Can. Sept. 11—w3t
A Valuable Tract of Land
FOR SALE,
LAYING on the main road, leading from Charlottsville to Washington city, containing 868 acres; six miles from Culpepper Court House, Virginia, convenient to a number of fine merchant and saw mills. The situation pleasant and remarkably healthy, the land level, fertile and well adapted to the production of Indian corn, tobacco, wheat and other small grain, and is remarkably well watered, having the north fork of Cedar Run passing through the center of it, and sixteen bold and never failing springs on it; 140 acres of timothy meadow laid on it, all of which may be put in good repair at a very small expense and a superabundance of large and lofty timber on it. The improvements are a dwelling house, three rooms on a floor, a good kitchen, a very large barn two stories high and other out houses sufficient, and which are strong and well built—2200 bearing fruit trees, principally apple trees, together with all kinds of seed and stone fruits. It is so situated as to admit of being divided into two convenient and profitable farms. I will sell it entire or divide it as may be found most convenient and give immediate possession—there is a good chance to feed a large crop of grain on it this fall. I will take negroes to the full amount of the above land or any part thereof for the accommodation of a purchaser; if the above land is not sold before the 20th of October, it will be sold on that day to the highest bidder; the sale to take place on the premises. MORTON FANNELL, Culpepper county, Virginia. August 21—wt
RAGS.
The highest price, in Cash or Books will be given for any quantity of clean Linen and Cotton RAGS, by Rapine Conrad and Co. Capitol Hill. June 24—
City of Washington, Sept. 9, 1805.
Several persons under the impression that the public lots in this city are to be disposed of in future by public sale only, having made enquiries when the next sale will probably take place, we are requested to state that those lots may at any time be purchased at private sale of the Superintendent of the City.