Alexandria advertiser and commercial intelligencer (Alexandria [Va.]), 1802-02-13 00:00:00

Alexandria AND COMMERCIAL
Advertiser INTELLIGENCER.
Wm. Carlton
Vol. 11.]
SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 13, 1852.
No. 300.
Sale by Auction.
On WEDNESDAY next, At ten o'clock, will be sold at the Auction
Room, Rum in hlds. and bls.
 Sugar in do.  Coffee in bags,  Soap and Candles in boxes,  Raisins in do.  Starch in do.  Starch in kegs, &c. Also,  A quantity of Dry Goods,  Viz. 
 Kendal Cottons,  Kerseys,  Halticks, Plains,  Plaids, Coatings,  Duffs, Flannels,  Irish and Sheetings Linens,  German Osnaburgs,  Calicoes, Durants,  Shawls, Hankerchiefs,  Ladies' Silk Gloves,  Sewing Silks, Threads, &c.  H. and T. MOORE, Auctioneers
Public Sale.
On TUESDAY , At ten o'clock, will be sold at the Vendue
 3d and 4th proof Antigua and Jamaica Rum in hlds. and bls.  French Brandy in bls.  Holland Gin in bls.  Tortoise Wine in casks,  Cordials in bls.  Sugar in hlds and bls.  Molasses in hlds.  Rice in tiers and bls.  Soap in boxes,  Queens and Earthen Ware in crates, handsomely assorted,  30 boxes Havana Segars,  Cotton in bales---on a credit. 
ALSO, A variety of DRY GOODS,
 —AMONG WHICH ARE—  Broad and narrow Cloths,  Flannels and Planes,  Carpeting and Carpeting.  Irish and German Linens,  Worsted and cotton Stockings,  Calicoes and Coughans,  A variety of Muslin Handkerchiefs and Shawls,  Table Cloths, Hats,  Boots and shoes,  Hardware, and  A number of other articles. 
P. G. MARSTELLER, Feb. 8. Vendue Master.
FOR SALE,
A likely MULATTO GIRL about 15 years old. Enquire of the Fruit is. Feb. 10. d3w
In obedience to a Decree of the Court of Alexandria county, on Saturday the sixth day of March next, will be offered for sale on the premises, for ready money,
A Lot of Ground
Containing half an acre; lying upon the east side of Alfred Street and south side of Cameron Street, in the town of Alexandria; extending on Alfred Street 175 feet 7 inches, and on Cameron Street 123 feet 5 inches. There are a convenient two story frame dwelling house, with kitchen and other out houses upon the lot. The lot is subject to an annual rent which will be made known on the day of sale. As the lot is large it will be divided into smaller dividends, and sold either in parcels or altogether as will best suit purchasers. This sale is made to satisfy a debt due from Thomas Richards to Thompson and Veitch.
JAMES KEITH, } Comrs. JOHN JANNEY, } JOHN DUNLAP, } Feb. 3. d
JUST RECEIVED,
And for sale by the subscriber, at his Grocery and Fruit Store, lower end of Prince Street, Fresh Oranges and Lemons in boxes from Lisbon, Do. figs in frails, 30 boxes fresh bloom Raisins, Soft shell'd Almonds, Tamarins.
Also, Apples by the barrel, Shenandoahs do. Good Cyder do. Soap and Candles in boxes, Mould Candles do. R. Island Cheese and Potatoes of a superior quality, Queens Ware assorted, And every other article in the GROCERY LINE.
Thomas Simms.
GERMAN LINENS.
Joseph Riddle & Co. HAVE FOR SALE Best white Ticklenburgs, Second qual. do. Brown do. Osnaburgs, Brown Hemp Roll, White do. Holland do. Brown Holland and Dowlas. ALSO ON HAND, A Quantity of Turk's Island, Isle of May, and Cadiz SALT. December 29. d
ROBBERY.
One Hundred Dollars Reward. THE subscribers' store was last night broke open and the following Cash and Goods taken therefrom, viz. About 100 dollars in cash, Cross-barred and striped coarse swansdown, 1 Piece of superfine brown cloth, 1 do. do. dark bottle green, 1 do. of dark brown superfine, 1 do. dark mixed brown superfine, 2 do. of blue fine cloth, 1 do. of dark mixed fine cloth, 3 do. lapet muffs, Of sprigged muffs a number—also dimities; camel hair shawls; brown, red and blue bandannos; yellow flags and cinnamon silk shawls; a number of India book muffs; womens' blue and white worked and cotton stockings, mens' fancy cotton stockings; a few pieces of Marcellies vest patterns and silk nankeen, together with a variety of other articles not particularly recollected. The above reward will be paid to any person for discovering the Cash and Goods and convicting the thief or thieves; or Fifty Dollars for all the Goods, or in proportion for any part of the Goods recovered. It is hoped all well disposed persons will interest themselves in discovering and bringing to condign punishment the perpetrators of this daring attack upon the property of citizens.
J. & M. SCHOLFIELD. January 2. d Such Printers as are disposed to detect villainy are requested to insert the a.
To Hire, By the Month or Year, A young Negro Man. He has served as a domestic servant, is clean and active, and of a good temper. Apply to Dr. DOUGLASS. Jan. 29. e07t
JANNEY & PATON Have just received and offer for Sale, A quantity of New-England Rum, and Liverpool Ware in crates.
William Harthorne Has for Sale at his Mill, or in Alexandria Plaster of Paris by the ton, or ready ground by the bushel, Indian Meal and Rye Meal, bolted or unbolted, Corn, or any other grain, ground for toll at the mill.
At his Store in town, Hay in bundles, Corn by the bushel, Loaf and lump Sugar by the hoghead or barrel, First and second quality James R Tobacco, in kegs, A few very good Mill Spindles, Two good Scale Beams.
For Sale, One Share in the Potomac Company, A number of valuable Lots in town. Also, for Sale or Rent, A valuable Brick House on King Street, now in the tenure of Thomas Cruse.
To Let, A two story Frame House on Duke Street, with a large garden and well of good water at the door. 13 mo. 18. d
Alexandria Library Company. THE members of the Alexandria Library Company will please to take notice, that an election will be held at the Council Chamber, on Monday the 15th inst. at 3 o'clock in the afternoon, for a President and eleven Directors for the ensuing year.
JAMES KENNEDY, sen. Sec'y. Feb. 1. d
JANNEY & PATON HAVE FOR SALE, 90 Pieces of Russia Duck, 30 Ravens do. 6 Chests of Souchong Tea, Havanna white & brown Sugars in boxes, West-India do. in hlds. and barrels, Coffee in bags and barrels, Holland Gin in barrels, Sweet Oil in boxes 12 bottles each, Castile Soap in boxes. Shoes in boxes assorted, East-India Goods.
Also, The Cargo of the Schooner Lucy, captain Snow, consisting of 43 Tons Plaster of Paris, 60 Casks of Lime, 10 Barrels of Tanner's Oil, 115 Reams of Wrapping Paper, 40 Boxes of dipt Candles. January 22. d
JUST RECEIVED, COARSE WOOLLENS,
Consisting of Nap'd cottons, hair thick, pladdings, striped blankets and kersey duffs...For sale on very moderate terms by the package, on the usual credit. Wm. HODGSON. Oct. 6. d
For Sale, Antigua Rum by the hhd. Raisins by the box, Sugar by the barrel, Dates, fresh from the coast of Barbary, With a variety of other FRUITS and GROCERIES.
ABEL WILLIS. The HOPE will sail for Norfolk on Thursday next. Jan. 11. d
Wanted to Purchase Marine Shares of Alexandria. Apply to WILLIAM HODGSON. January 22. d
Printing in all its variety executed at this office.
GEORGE KOCH, Manufacturer of Chip and Straw Hats and Scoops,
AT GRACETOWN, Having entered into contracts which preclude him from disposing of these articles by the Box, takes the liberty of requesting his friends and customers to direct their future orders to Mellis. A. and I. SHRIVER, IN FREDERICK-TOWN; with whom he is under contract for a regular and extensive supply, and where orders will be properly and respectfully attended to, upon terms fully as advantageous, and more convenient, than would have been in the power of the manufacturer.
Fredrick Town, Feb. 12. 3w A stated meeting of the St. Andrew's Society, will be held at Gadsby's Tavern, on Tuesday the 16th inst. at 6 o'clock. By order of the President, A. HENDERSON, Feb. 12. Sec'y.
For Charter. THE SCHOONER LUCY, Captain Snow, 90 Tons burthen, to Europe, or any port in the West-Indies—apply to the Master on board at Vowell's Wharf or to the subscribers. JANNEY & PATON, January 22.
JUST RECEIVED, And for sale on a liberal credit, or to exchange for Flour, 1900 bushels of excellent Turk's Island Salt, and 40 bls. prime Beef. I have also, 20 quarter casks Port Wine. WM HODGSON.
FOR SALE, The Cargo of the brig Little Sally, capt. Coxen, From Rhode-Island, now landing and consisting of
 French Brandy,  Holland Gin (entitled to drawback)  Country Gin,  West-India Rum, N. England do.  Loaf Sugar,  Castile Soap, Tanner's Oil,  R. I. Cheese of an excellent quality,  Soal Leather,  Russia and ravens Duck and Sheetings,  Cordage, 1 bale of Ticklenburgs, &c.  For Sale, Freight or Charter, The said brig Little Sally , burthen about 650 bales, an excellent vessel and well equipped. Apply to J. G. LADD. Jan. 4. d
ROBERT L. MOORE & CO. Have imported by the ship Fabius , from Liverpool, 56 crates Earthen Ware, well assorted.
They have likewise on hand, Lisbon Wine of a superior quality, in or casks; Sugar by the hhd. or barrel; Coffee by the bag—broad and narrow Hoes, Spades, Shovels and Frying Pans, And a variety of German Linens. Feb. 5. eo
DIRECT FOR LONDON. THE SHIP PAULINA, Capt. JOHN BORROWDALE, Will sail in eight days. For CABIN PASSAGE, only, apply to the master on board, lying at Wilson's wharf. Feb. 9. e03t
Printing in all its variety executed at this office, with neatness and dispatch.

SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES.
Tuesday, January 19.
JUDICIARY BILL.
Mr. Calhoun, of South-Carolina—
Much time, Mr. President, has been spent in the important debate on the resolution before you; great ingenuity, great abilities, and much eloquence have been displayed on the occasion, by gentlemen on both sides of the question, and the subject presented in almost every possible point of view. For me, therefore, at this late stage of the debate to rise, for the first time in this House, on a subject of such magnitude and intricacy, already so ably discussed, and expect to throw much light on the subject, or find much new ground to tread on, would be presumptuous. But, thinking as I do, that the present question, both in principle and in its consequences, is of the highest importance to the union; under this impression, under this conviction, I should be unfaithful to my own feelings, were I to give a silent vote on the occasion. If I can, therefore, throw but the weight of a feather in the scale that I think ought to preponderate, I shall think myself justified in doing so.—But, sir, the subject has been so much exhausted, as well as the patience of the House, that I shall endeavour to be as concise as possible, and draw into as narrow a circle as so extensive a subject will admit, the leading features of the case, which I apprehend, should have most weight in deciding the question. First then I shall endeavour to shew, that the present resolution in its effects is repugnant to the express letter and spirit of the constitution.—And secondly, I shall contrast the obvious and natural consequences that will arise from agreeing to the resolution, with those that would follow, should we disagree. On the first point, the most important, as well as the most proper question is, have we power under the federal constitution to repeal the late act of Congress, so far as it respects the office and salary of the judges appointed under that act? If by the letter and express words of the constitution we have not that power, then farther reasoning on the subject would be unnecessary, and argument drawn from expediency or inexpediency would be useless and irrelevant to the question.
I am not, sir, disposed to advocate the late judiciary system in all its modifications, as I think it imperfect and not adequate to the purposes intended, and that it is not such an arrangement of the judiciary as ought to have been adopted. But, as it has got into existence, and is in operation, and the judges appointed under the act, commissioned, agreeable to the constitution, during good behaviour; the ground is now changed; and although previous to the adoption of the act, opposition to the inexpediency of the measure would have been right, would have been proper; yet now under existing circumstances, as the law has passed and the constitution has attached to the office of the judges appointed under it, durability of office co-extensive with good behavior, to amend would be proper, but to repeal the act, at least so far as it affects the judges, would be unconstitutional; for I am of opinion, that as soon as their appointments were completed and their commissions during good behavior received, that then their offices as judges were completely beyond the reach of legislative power; and that therefore the present resolution in its operations, so far as it respects the office of the judges, is unconstitutional, and ought not to be agreed to.
Permit me here, sir, to define the legal rules of explaining a deed, a law, or constitutional point, and then to apply the part of the constitution in question to that rule. The rule of law is, to make such an exposition of the section or clause under consideration, as will comport with the plain meaning, when the words were taken in their common and usual acceptation, agreeable to the English language; if the clause is composed of dubious and uncertain expressions that will admit of different meanings, or if several parts of the instrument seem to contradict or be repugnant to each other, then the rule is, to make such a construction, if possible, as will be consistent with reason and agreeable to the intention and purview of the whole instrument
taken together. I think I am correct on the rule of law, let us now examine the parts of the constitution connected with the present subject, and apply to them the rules of law; amongst the detailed powers of the legislature under the 8th sec. of the 1st art. of the constitution, we find the following, to wit: "To constitute tribunals inferior to the Supreme Court."
If this was the only clause giving the powers to establish the inferior courts, I would readily grant, that the legislature could make the law and at pleasure repeal it, and that the judges, as to the tenure of their office under the act, would be at the will of the legislature, the existence of the law determining the office of the judge, precisely in the same manner, and on the same footing, as of the secretary of state, the secretary of the Treasury, and the Secretary of the Navy. But the subject is more fully expressed and explained under the proper head, in 1st sec. of the 3d article of the Constitution, where it says, "The judicial power of the United States shall be vested in one supreme court, and in such inferior courts as congress may from time to time ordain and establish.—The judges both of the supreme and inferior courts, shall hold their offices during good behaviour; and shall, at stated times, receive for their services a compensation, which shall not be diminished during their continuance in office."
Here the intention of the Constitution is explicit, and cannot be doubted;—plainer words and a more clear constructed sentence cannot be penned. "The judges, both of the supreme and inferior courts, shall hold their offices during good behaviour." We all fully and at once understand what is meant by good behaviour in a judge, the oath he takes and the very nature of his office shews it; to act with justice, integrity, ability, and honor, and to administer justice speedily and impartially, is good behaviour; if he acts contrary, it would be misbehaviour, and the constitution in that case has given a remedy by impeachment. If the clause therefore admits a certain, clear and consistent construction, and no other part of the constitution contains any article contradictory to it, which I contend is the case, the construction given by the gentlemen on the other side, being by implication only, and that against the plain and express words of the clause, will not be warranted by the principles of law;—for if the constitution is paramount to an act of the legislature, then to hold an office during good behaviour, and during the pleasure of the legislature, are synonymous terms, it must be so or the act would be repugnant to the constitution.—The Constitution on the face of it appears to have been drawn with precision and correctness, nothing superfluous, nothing difficult. Had the convention intended the construction now insisted for by the favourers of the resolution, to wit: That the judges of the inferior Courts hold their offices not during good behaviour, but at the will of the legislature;—an explanatory clause after the words "good behaviour" would have been necessary and should have been inserted to this effect: "Provided always, that the judges of such inferior courts shall hold their offices only during the existence of the law under which they may be appointed." By the clearness with which every part of the constitution has been penned, it is right, it is fair, by analogy of reasoning, to say, that as no such provision is inserted, no such supposed construction was intended, and that therefore the plain letter and spirit of the Constitution must prevail.—But, if possible to make the matter more clear and conclusive, I beg indulgence, whilst I state three collateral arguments which greatly strengthen and enforce the construction, which I advocate, of that part of the Constitution. The first is, that all enlightened Statesmen, at least since the American Revolution, with concurrent testimony agree, that the judiciary ought to be kept separate from, and independent of, the legislative and executive powers;—that without this check and controul, there could be no true and rational liberty. Secondly, that the framers of the constitution, who were themselves among the best informed and most distinguished citizens of the Union, intended to keep them distinct and separate, as the three great divisions and supporting pillars of the constitution; this appears from the dis-
tinct position they assigned each on the face of that instrument. And thirdly, by the latter part of the 1st sec. of the 3d article, the legislature have no power to lessen a judge's salary, even to the amount of one cent. This restriction must refer to the legislature, as they alone have controul over the funds of the government, for the rule of law is, "that is certain, which can be rendered certain." If, therefore, this clause restrains the legislature from even diminishing the salary of the judge, a fortiori, it prevents the removal from the office itself, as the words composing the whole clause are equally plain and expressive. Thus then it appears at least to me, by the plain and obvious construction of the words of the constitution, confirmed and explained by the makers of it, that all the judges have a right to hold their offices during good behavior, and that the legislature as a creature of that constitution, cannot by any legislative act, remove them. The gentlemen, who advocate the resolution, in support of the measure, say that Virginia, Maryland, and the last congress afford examples of a legislature abolishing courts, and removing from office judges, who under a constitution held their appointments, as in the present case, during good behavior. Let us examine the fact and see if they apply. Virginia had a general court, with common law jurisdiction, which extended throughout their state, a court of chancery with equitable jurisdiction, equally extensive, and a court of admiralty; the judges of these three courts, constituted the court of appeals. About the year 1787, the legislature of that state found it necessary to establish circuit courts, and in the law, enacted, that 'the judges of the court of appeals, should be the circuit judges.' This law the judges refused to execute as unconstitutional, and said, 'they considered themselves as forming one of the three pillars on which the great fabric of government was erected, and that, when this pillar was endangered, a resignation would subject them to the reproach of deserting their stations, & betraying the sacred interests of society intrusted with them; that the propriety and necessity of the independence of the judges, is evident in reason and the nature of their office, and that this applies more forcibly to exclude a dependence on the legislature, a branch of whom, in cases of impeachment, is itself a party.' This was the opinion formed on the law, by the then judges who were some of the ablest lawyers, and greatest statesmen in the Union. I believe the event was, they protested against the law as unconstitutional, resigned their offices, had the resignations recorded, and afterwards were appointed circuit judges. If this statement is correct, which I presume in substance it is; can it be said, that it affords an example that would justify, or in the smallest degree support the principles of the resolution? In the case of Maryland, I have not had full information, therefore, I cannot decide. In the case of Tennessee and Kentucky, the district courts were abolished; the judges were not removed from office; but by law continued as circuit court judges with additional duties and additional salary of 500 dollars each. They neither vacated their office, nor had to take a new oath or new commission; therefore in this case, there was no violation of the constitution. But to sum the business up, the case of Virginia, is against them; the case of Kentucky and Tennessee, not in point, and Maryland, should it afford an example, is the only and solitary one. But let us now suppose for argument sake, though the fact is otherwise, that half of the states in the Union passed such laws; if those laws are founded on wrong and unconstitutional ground, should they be a precedent for us? Surely not. If they are founded in error, we ought to correct and not continue the error. Some gentlemen have said, although we cannot remove the judge from the office; yet we can remove the office from the judge.—To me, this a paradox in legislation. Do we mean to act indirectly, what we would not profess to do openly and directly? Are the gentlemen prepared to meet this question in all its consequences? Let me suppose they are, and sketch a law founded on the consequences of their repealing act, and exhibit the case in its real and true light. In framing a law the preamble should state facts, and explain the reasons for pass-
ing the act. Suppose then, we should introduce, instead of their present repealing law, the following, viz. Whereas A, B, C, &c. the sixteen federal judges appointed under the late act of congress; although, they have been commissioned during good behaviour, and have discharged the duties of the office with integrity, ability and honor, yet, we the legislature in congress assembled finding their number to be more than we judge necessary for the administration of justice to the good people of the United States, and deeming the law under which they act not the best possibly system that could be adopted, and thinking also, that the public good requires, that the judges of the interior courts should not hold their offices during good behavior, but should hold them at the will of the legislature: Be it therefore enacted, &c. that the said sixteen federal judges shall be, and they hereby are removed and discharged from their respective offices as judges, and shall not be entitled to any compensation or salary after the passing of this act. This act and preamble would be in truth only what the repealing act in its effects intended and will naturally produce.
FROM THE NEW-YORK EVENING POST.
THE EXAMINATION.
NUMBER IX.
The leading points of the message have been sufficiently canvassed, and it is believed to have been fully demonstrated, that this communication is chargeable with all the faults which were imputed to it on the outset of the Examination. We have shewn that it has made or attempted to make prodigal sacrifices of constitutional energy, of sound principle, and of public interest. In the doctrine respecting war, there is a senseless abandonment of the just and necessary authority of the executive department, in a point material to our national safety. In the proposal to relinquish the internal revenue, there is an attempt to establish a precedent ruinous to our public credit; calculated to prolong the burthen of the debt, and generally to enfeeble and sink the government, by depriving it of resources of great importance to its respectability, to the accomplishment of its most salutary plans, to its power of being useful. In the attack upon the judiciary establishment, there is a plain effort to impair that organ of the government; one on which its efficiency and success absolutely depend. In the recommendation to admit indiscriminately foreign emigrants of every description to the privileges of American citizens, on their first entrance into our country, there is an attempt to break down every pale which has been erected for the preservation of a national spirit and national character; and to let in the most powerful means of perverting and corrupting both the one and the other.
This is more than the moderate opponents of Mr. Jefferson's elevation ever feared from his administration; much more than the most wrong-headed of his own sect dared to hope; it is infinitely more than any one who had read the fair promises in his inaugural speech could have suspected. Reflecting men must be dismayed at the prospect before us. If such rapid strides have been hazarded in the very gristle of his administration, what may be expected when it shall arrive to manhood? In vain was the collected wisdom of America convened at Philadelphia. In vain were the anxious labors of a Washington bestowed. Their works are regarded as nothing better than empty bubbles destined to be blown away by the mere breath of a disciple of Turgot ; a pupil of Condorcet .
Though the most prominent features of the message have been portrayed, and their deformity exhibited in true colours; there remain many less important traits not yet touched, which, however, will materially assist us in determining its true character. To particularize them, with minuteness would employ more time and labor than the object deserves; yet to pass them by wholly, without remark, would be to forego valuable materials for illustrating the true nature of the performance under examination.
There remains to be cursorily noticed, a disposition of our chief magistrate, far more partial to the state governments, than to our national government; to pull down rather than to build up our federal edifice; to vilify the past administration of the latter; to court for himself popular favor

by officers not to be approved of, either for their dignity, their candor or their patriotism.
Why are we emphatically and fallaciously told, that "the states individually have the principal care of our persons our property and our reputation, constituting the great field of human concerns"? Was it to render the state governments more dear to us, more the objects of affectionate solicitude? No! surely was necessary on this head; they are already the favorite of the people, and if they do not forfeit the advantage by a most gross abuse of trust, must, by the very nature of the objects confided to them, continue always to be so. What is then to prevent too large a portion of affection from being bestowed on the general government? No pains on this head were requisite, not only for the reason just assigned, but for the further reason that the more peculiar objects of this government, though no less essential to our prosperity than those of the state governments, oblige it often to act upon the community in a manner more likely to produce aversion than fondness. A candid every day furnishes proof, that it is not the spoiled child of the many. On this point the high example of the president himself is pregnant with instruction. Was it to indicate the supreme importance of the state governments over that of the Unit? As far as it was a little useful, as it was correct. Considering the vast variety of humour, propensities and localities, which in the most diversified composition of these states, militate against the weight, and authority of the general government, if union under that government is necessary, it can answer no valuable purpose to depreciate its importance in the eyes of the people. It is not our duty to come to the care of the Federal government as a distinct object, the great general interest on which all particular interests materially depend; our duty in respect to these governments; our duty in respect to each other; the mere good and mutual commerce of the states; the establishment and regulation of the money of the country; the management of our national finances; industry, the security of liberty by guardianship of a republican form of government in each state; the security of property by the introduction of laws violating the obligation of contracts and usurping the means of paper money under state authority; (from both of which causes the right of property had experienced serious injury) the prosperity of agriculture and manufactures as intimately connected with that of commerce, and as depending in a variety of ways upon the agency of the general government: In a word, it is the providence of the general government to manage the greatest number of those concerns which its provident activity and exertion are of most importance to the people; and we have only to compare the state of our country antecedent to its establishment, with what it has been since, to be convinced that the most operative causes of public prosperity depend upon that general government. It is not meant, by what has been said, to insinuate that the state governments are not extremely useful in their proper spheres; but the object is to guard against the mischiefs of exaggerating their importance in derogation from that of the general government. Every attempt to do this is, remotely, a blow at the union of these states; a blow to our collective existence as one people—and to all the blessings which are interwoven with that sacred fraternity.
If it be true as insinuated that "our organization is too complicated—too expensive"—let it be simplified; let this, however, be done in such a manner as not to mutilate, weaken and eventually destroy our present system, but in a manner to increase our energy, and insure the duration of our national government THE ROCK OF OUR POLITICAL SALVATION.
In this insinuation, and in the suggestion that "officers and officers have been unnecessarily multiplied" in the insinuation that appropriations have not been sufficiently specified, and that the system of accountability to a single department has been disturbed; in this and in other things to minute to be particularized, we discover new proofs of the disposition of the present executive, unjustly and indecorously to arraign his predecessors.
As far as the message undertakes to specify any instance of the improper complexity of our organization, namely, in the instance of the judiciary establishment,
the late administration has been already vindicated.
As to the "undue multiplication of officers and officers," it is substantially a misrepresentation. It would be nothing less than a miracle, if in a small number of instances, it had not happened that particular officers and officers might have been dispensed with. For in the early essays of a new government, in making the various establishments relative to the affairs of a nation, some mistakes in this respect will arise, notwithstanding the greatest caution. It must happen to every government that in the hurry of a new plan, some agents will occasionally be employed who may not be absolutely necessary; and this, where there is every inclination to economy. Similar things may have happened under our past administration. But any competent judge, who will take the trouble to examine into it, will be convinced, that there is no just cause for blame in this particular.
The President has not pointed out the cases to which he applies the charge; but he has communicated information of some retrenchments which he has made, and probably intends that the truth shall be inferred from this.
Three instances are particularly presented; these shall be briefly examined; it will be seen that they do not justify the imputation. They respect certain ministers at foreign courts; some navy agents at particular ports; and some inspectors of the revenue in particular states.
As to the first, it is believed to be a pretty just idea, that we ought not greatly to multiply diplomatic agencies. Three permanent ones may, perhaps, be found sufficient in the future progress of our affairs: for France, Spain, and England. The expediency of having these, is recognized by the conduct of our present chief magistrate. But, others must be employed, and during particular seasons it may be wise to do it for a considerable length of time. Indeed there is strong ground for an opinion entertained by very sensible men, that there ought to be a permanent minister at every court with which we have extensive commercial relations.
Two other ministers were employed by both the former administrations, one with Portugal, the other with Holland; and it is asserted without fear of denial, that this was done by the first president with the approbation of Mr. Jefferson. One other minister was employed by the late president at the court of Berlin.
A commercial treaty with Portugal is admitted, on all hands, and for obvious reasons, to be particularly desirable; as very interesting branches of our commerce are carried on in the Portuguese dominions. We are still without any such treaty. To send to that court a diplomatic agent to endeavour to effect one, was a measure of evident propriety; to recall them before a treaty has been effected, must be of questionable expediency. The views and circumstances of nations change; and an opportunity may occur, at some particular conjecture, for effecting what was not before possible, which may be lost by the want of a fit agent on the spot to embrace it. But admitting that the experiment has now been sufficiently tried to justify its abandonment, still it does not follow that it was unwise to have continued it as long as was; and as this must at least rest in opinion, the continuance, if upon an erroneous calculation in this particular, is no proof of a "disposition to multiply officers" or officers. And those who consider the nature and extent of our commercial relations with Portugal, will not cease to think it problematical, whether the expense of a diplomatic agent, especially in a situation in which nothing has been defined by treaty, ought to stand in competition with the benefits which may result from the presence of a minister at the court of that kingdom. This consideration alone is sufficient to repel the charge.
LUCIUS CRASSUS.
NEW YORK, Feb. 9. LATEST FROM FRANCE. The Eaux of the New-York Gazette were yesterday favored by Mr. Dupont, who came passenger in the ship Benjamin Franklin, with Paris papers to the 9th and Bordeaux to the 14th of Dec. They afford but few articles of an interesting nature.
On the 8th December, the minister of Exterior Relations at Paris, presented to the first consul, Mr. Livingston, the envoy extraordinary of the United States of America to the French republic—also
Mr. Smith, late American Minister at the court of Lisbon.
The papers mention, that general Massena was nominated ambassador to Constantinople, and that he would immediately depart for his place of destination.
An article from Brest mentions, that the squadron for St. Domingo, had made an attempt to sail the 30th Nov. but were still detained by contrary winds.
The papers make no mention of the Congress at Amiens, or of the signing of the Definitive Treaty.
PARIS, December 6.
Legislative Body, Dec. 8.
The order of the day was the discussion of the contemplated law relative to the convention concluded between the French republic and the United States. The tribunes, Adet, Legonidec and Felix Beaujour, developed the motives which induced the tribunate to adopt it. The orator of the government, not requesting permission to speak, the discussion was terminated, and the project was decreed.
Captain White, of the ship Oliver Elsworth, in 46 days from Amsterdam, came up last evening in a pilot-boat. He informs us that he was on shore at Dover the 2d of January, and was assured that no intelligence had then been received of the signing the definitive treaty of peace. He brings no English newspapers.
A letter from Amsterdam dated December 6th, announces the total loss of the ship Cygnet of this port, near Dunkirk, on her passage from Yarmouth to Lisbon. Crew saved. The Cygnet was owned by John G. Warren.
Extract of a letter from a merchant in Newport, (R. I.) to his correspondent in this city.
"By a letter just received from Havana, dated January 15th, all of our vessels were on that day permitted to enter their cargoes at the Custom-House."
PHILADELPHIA, Feb. 10.
Arrived, ship Maria Elizabeth, Meyer, Hamburg. Spoke Dec. 24, the ship Atlantic, from Philadelphia to Bremen, the captain said he had sprung a leak, but as he was steering up Channel, I suppose he intended to proceed, and the wind continued fresh till the 30th, when it may be supposed he got in. Jan. 5, spoke the ship Tiger, of and from Liverpool to Jamaica, in lat. 36, long. 23. 28th, spoke the brig Fame, of Philadelphia, from Egg Harbour, to the Windward Islands, lat. 32 long. 65. Feb. 2, spoke the ship Caledonia, from New-York to Jamaica, lat. 37, 47, long. 71, 40.
Alexandria Advertiser.
SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 13.
The Governor of Pennsylvania has returned a bill to the legislature of that state without his signature. Among other reasons for so doing, he assigns the following:
"I conceive the act to be not only unnecessary and inexpedient, but, in the precedent, alarming to all persons holding offices during good behaviour. The tenure of such commissions ought not to depend on every gale that blows. The legislature cannot vacate or impair a contract solemnly made between the commonwealth and an individual. The office may be abolished in many cases, but the officer cannot be removed without being convicted of a misdemeanor in office, unless, where otherwise specially provided for in our constitution."
Congress of the United States.
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES.
Tuesday, February 9.
An engrossed bill to allow a drawback of duties on goods exported to New Orleans; and therein to amend the act entitled "an act to regulate the collection of duties on imports and tonnage," was read a third time and passed. Memorials of sundry inhabitants of Philadelphia were read, praying a repeal of the act, entitled "an act for the more convenient organization of the courts of the United States," passed February 13, 1801.
Referred to committee of the whole. Mr. Sprigg reported the following resolution, which was agreed to by the House:
Resolved, That it is expedient to pass
a law incorporating a company for opening a navigable canal, to connect the waters of the Potomack River with those of the Eastern branch thereof, thro' Tiber creek, and the low lands at the foot of the capitol hill.
A committee was appointed to bring in a bill.
Mr. Davenport, from the committee of revival and unfinished business, presented, according to order, a bill to continue in force "an act to augment the salaries of certain officers therein mentioned," which was read twice, and referred to a committee of the whole on Monday next.
Wednesday, February 10.
Mr. Davis moved a resolution declaring, that the internal revenues (specifying them) ought to be repealed, and instructing the committee of ways and means, to bring in a bill for their repeal.
Mr. Davis assigned as reasons for this motion, that the business enough long submitted to the committee of ways and means, had not yet been reported upon, and the necessity of coming to an immediate decision.
Those opposed to the motion stated, that it had been determined in that committee to repeal the internal revenues; that certain details in the repealing bill were not yet settled, but soon would be; and that of consequence no time would be gained by its adoption.
On the question whether the House would take the above motion into consideration, it passed in the negative.—The yeas and nays were called, and were yeas 44, nays 57.
An engrossed bill making certain partial appropriations for the year 1802, was read a third time and passed.
A bill to authorize the collection of fees due to the officers of the respective courts of Maryland, by persons residing in the territory of Columbia, was read a third time and passed. On the passage of the bill, the yeas and nays were called, and were, yeas 56, nays 36.
Thursday, February 11.
The House decided on the petition of John Carr, in coincidence with the report of the committee of claims, which rejected the prayer of the petition.
The house took up the amendments of the senate to the bill for the relief of Samuel Dexter, which instead of allowing him six dollars per day, authorize the secretary of the treasury to advance to him the sum of 500 dollars, to account, and committed them to a committee of the whole house to-morrow.
The House went into committee of the whole on the bill to amend an act, entitled "an act to collect a direct tax," on the detailed provisions of which a discussion took place.
Washington Society.
THE Members of the above Society are requested to attend an Anniversary Meeting on Monday the 22d instant, at Gadsby's Hotel, at 10 o'clock, A. M. The society will move in procession precisely at 12 o'clock, to the Presbyterian Church, where an Oration will be delivered by one of its members.
By order of the President.
G. DENEALE,
Feb. 13.
Secretary.
Wanted,
ABOUT 200 WHARF LOGS, delivered at the Eastern Branch Ferry—For which a generous price will be given, if delivered agreeably to a contract to be entered into. Apply to
JAMES O'BRIEN.
City of Washington,
Feb. 13.
2am 6†
Notice.
The tenants of William T. Alexander will please to take notice, that hereafter distress will be made for all rents due over thirty days, without any respect to persons; and where property cannot be found to satisfy the rent, suits against all persons concerned will be instituted by the particular direction of the proprietor.
JESSE SIMMS,
Attorney for W. T. Alexander.
Feb. 4.
6†
FOR SALE,
An elegant GELDING.
Inquire of the Printers.

POTOMAK COMPANY.
THE Locks at the Great Falls being now completed & boats consequently being enabled to pass without interruption to tide water, the president and directors have established toll-gatherers, at Williamsport, Hooker's Falls and the Great Falls, who will receive the respective tolls authorised by law as per table subjoined, and they require all persons who use this navigation, to observe the following regulations, which have been deemed indispensably necessary, for the interest of the institution and the accommodation of the public.
No boat will be permitted to pass the locks at the Great Falls, until the whole tolls payable are discharged; but to obviate the delay of stopping at the different places above the Great Falls, where tolls are demandable, any person may pay the whole tolls chargeable on such boat and cargo, to the toll-gatherer at the Great Falls. The President and Directors, however being desirous of affording every accommodation to the inhabitants of the upper country consistent with the interest of the company, have authorised the Treasurer to enter into such arrangements with the owner or consignee of produce coming down the river, as will save the trouble and inconvenience which may arise from exacting immediate payment of the tolls on each particular cargo, as stipulated by law. Upon application to the treasurer at George-Town, and securing to his satisfaction the payment on demand in George-Town, the City of Washington, or Alexandria, of tolls on produce expected down the river, he is directed to give instructions to the toll-gatherer at the Great Falls, to allow such produce to pass, on receiving from the person entrusted with the carriage of such produce, his order or the order of the owner or shipper of the same, for tolls payable thereon upon the person or persons residing either in George-Town, the City of Washington or Alexandria, according as may have been previously arranged with the treasurer as
aforesaid, but in all cases the amount of the tolls is to be ascertained and endorsed on said order by the toll-gatherer.
II. It is recommended to all persons carrying produce or other articles down or up the river, to bring with the same a manifest signed by the shipper, shewing the place of shipment, the number of packages and contents, to whom belonging, and to whom consigned, in order to enable the toll-gatherers to ascertain the different tollage to which the cargo is subjected, without the trouble and detention to the parties concerned, of unloading the cargoes for that purpose, and to avoid all disputes respecting the payment thereof.
All persons attempting to defraud the company, by passing any of the places where the tolls are payable and not discharging the same at such place or at the Great Falls as herein provided for, will be informed against by the agents of the company, and prosecuted to the utmost extent of the law.
On articles landed at Watt's branch, the same tolls must be paid as are demandable at the Great Falls. Upon articles coming down the river, no tolls are payable at the Little Falls, except upon such as have not paid the Great Falls, and no tolls are payable at the Little Falls upon articles passing up the river, except upon such as may be unloaded between the Little Falls and the Great Falls.—The rates of tolls at the Little Falls are the same as at Conegocheague.
JAMES KEITH, President , JOHN MASON, WILLIAM H. DORSEY, } Directors , JOHN LAIRD.
January 6, 1802.
TABLE OF TOLLS.
   TOLLS IN STERLING MONEY, AS ESTABLISHED BY LAW. SAME TOLLS REDUCED TO THE CURRENCY OF THE UNITED STATES.   At or near the mouth of Conegocheague. At or near Hooker's Falls. At the Great Falls. At or near the mouth of Conegocheague. At or near Hooker's Falls. At the Great Falls.   Sh. Pence. Sh. Pence. Sh. Pence. Dolls. Cents. Dolls. Cents. Dolls. Cents.     Every pipe or hoghead of wine, containing more than 65 gallons, 1 6 1 6 1 6 3 6 33 18-54 33 18-54 66 36-54   Every loghead of rum or other spirits, 1 3 1 3 1 3 2 6 27 42-54 27 42-54 55 30-54   Every loghead of tobacco, 1 1 1 2 22 12-54 22 12-54 44 24-54   Every cask between 65 and 35 gallons, one half of a pipe or hoghead; barrels one fourth part; and smaller casks or kegs in proportion according to the quality and quantity of their contents of wine or spirits,   For casks of linseed oil, the same as spirits,   Every bushel of wheat, peas, beans, or flax seed, 1/2 1 50-54 50-54 1 46-54   Every bushel of Indian corn or other grain, or salt, 1/4 1/2 25-54 25-54 50-54   Every barrel of pork, 6 1 11 6-54 11 6-54 22 12-54   Every barrel of beef, 4 8 7 22-54 7 22-54 14 44-54   Every barrel of flour, 3 6 5 30-54 5 30-54 11 6-54   Every ton of hemp, flax, pot-ash, bar or manufactured iron, 2 6 2 6 5 8 55 30-54 55 30-54 1 11 6-54   Every ton of pig-iron or castings, 10 1 18 28-54 18 28-54 37 2-54   Every ton of copper, lead, or other ore, other than iron ore, 2 2 4 10 44 24-54 44 24-54 88 48-54   Every ton of stone or iron ore, 5 2 9 14-54 9 14-54 18 28-54   Every hundred bushels of lime, 1 3 1 3 3 6 27 42-54 27 42-54 55 30-54   Every chaldron of coals, 5 10 9 14-54 9 14-54 18 28-54   Every hundred pipe staves, 2 1/2 4 1/2 4 9-54 4 9-54 8 18-54   Every hundred hoghead staves, or pipe or hoghead heading, 1 1/2 3 2 42-54 2 42-54 5 30-54   Every hundred barrel staves, or barrel heading, 1 2 1 46-54 1 46-54 3 38-54   Every hundred cubic feet of plank or scantling, 10 1 18 28-54 18 28-54 37 2-54   Every hundred cubic feet of other timber, 5 1/2 11 10 10-54 10 10-54 20 20-54   Every gross hundred weight of all other commodities or packages, 1 1/2 3 2 42-54 2 42-54 5 30-54   And every empty boat or vessel, which has not commodities on board to yield so much, except an empty boat or vessel returning, whose load has already paid at the respective places the sums fixed at each, in which case she is to repays toll free. 2 6 2 6 5 55 30-54 55 30-54 1 11 6-54  
N. B. A barrel of flour brought from above Conegocheague to tide water pays for tolls in all, 22 cents and 2.9ths of a cent. A hoghead of tobacco brought from above Conegocheague to tide water pays for tolls in all, 88 cents and 8.9ths of a cent.
House of Entertainment.
Randolph Mott, RESPECTFULLY informs his friends and the public in general, that he has opened an INN in the Town of Alexandria, in the house lately occupied by captain Charles M c Knight, where he intends using his utmost exertions to give general satisfaction to those who may favor him with their custom, which from his experience in the business he flatters himself he shall be able to do on the most reasonable terms. January 5. 1aw2teo
JUST RECEIVED
4th proof Jamaica Rum of an excellent quality, Loaf, lump and brown Sugar, Malaga Wine in quarter casks, Pimento, Soft shell'd Almonds; A small consignment of Irish Linens and Calicoes, And a parcel of red Clover Seed. HEWES & MILLER. mo. 4. eo2w
FALL GOODS. CUTHBERT POWELL.
Has received, per the Eliza, from Liverpool, an Importation of Fall & Winter Goods, which he is now opening at the store lately occupied by Messrs. A. and W. Ramsay, on King-street, and which he offers for sale on moderate terms by the piece or package. Also,
25 Crates Earthen Ware, well assorted. Sept. 29. eo
LIVERY STABLE, And HORSES & CARRIAGES TO HIRE.
THE subscriber respectfully informs the public that he takes horses on livery, and keeps some excellent horses and carriages to hire.
Also, A few good SADDLE HORSES for sale. Apply in part of the house formerly the Swan Tavern, King street, to JOHN HODGKIN. Jan. 25. eo18t
Valuable Property for Sale.
Seven hundred and eighty-eight acres in the county of Hampshire, on the waters of Great Cape Capen, about 20 miles from the Warm Springs, and 30 from Winchester. This land is full of wood, oak and pine timber. Two excellent farms may be made, with 300 to 500 acres of bottom, and rich high lands to each; and in the heart of the timber there is a fine seat for a farmhouse. Capt. Daniel Rice will show the lands.
Three thousand eight hundred and forty-five acres in the county of Ohio, on the waters of Grave and Fish Creeks, near the river Ohio, and about 80 miles below Pittsburgh. Some of these lands are very good, with considerable quantities of rich bottom, and plenty of excellent timber. Robert Woods, Esq. the Surveyor of that country will show these lands.
I will sell all or any of the above lands for cash or upon credit, or take in exchange for them lands in Fairfax County, or lots of land in the city of Alexandria, or the city of Washington. R. T. HOOE. October 21.
For Sale or Rent.
THAT handsome, convenient three story BRICK HOUSE, lately occupied by Edmund J. Lee, Esq. in King street, a few doors west of Pitt street. SAMUEL CRAIG. Dec. 15.
Alexandria County, ss.
I do hereby certify, that Wm. Kirby of said county, this day brought before me, A. Faw, one of the justices of peace for said county, as a trespassing affray, taken on his land, a Sorrel Horse, about 14 1/2 hands high, 5 years old, a natural trotter, a blaze in his face, two white feet on the off side, a short twitch tail, shod all round, some saddle spots on his back, has the distemper, and is appraised to fifty dollars.
Given under my hand this 5th day of February, 1802.
A. FAW.
The above notice is given, That whoever has lost said horse, may have him again on application to the subscriber, living near the Four Mile Run Mill, between Alexandria and George-Town, on proving property and paying charges.
Wm. KIRBY. F.B. 10. 1aw3t