The national intelligencer and Washington advertiser. (Washington City [D.C.]), 1803-01-05 00:00:00

NATIONAL INTELLIGENCER,
AND WASHINGTON ADVERTISER.
WASHINGTON CITY, PRINTED BY SAMUEL HARRISON SMITH, PENNSYLVANIA AVENUE.
No. CCCLXV.
11025
FRIDAY, JANUARY 5th, 1803.
PAID IN ADVANCE.
GOVERNOR MONROE'S LETTER TO THE HOUSE OF DELEGATES OF VIRGINIA.
and, December 6, 1802.
THE General Assembly to the public cannot otherwise than be full to the members who in making the following on, I derive much satisfaction from the objects which attention. In the affairs of the United States, in member of the union, as the same family, we are ed, there is much cause ourselves on the blessings we enjoy, and to entertain confidence that they will long to us.
of the public buildings as in a great measure verification that was made of it tion. The jail or penitentiary which before that period, subservient to all the objects tion, is now almost finished. The edifice has been long the interior of the front and finished. The foundry for been necessarily postponed nt. This part of the intelli very important, appear urgent than that which was the manufacture of small e with these, since the infant strength of every army, and a comprizes the mass of the e foundry however may be he course of the next year. any portion of the building ation to admit it, a suitable tists who had been previ- were called into service factory commenced. This served since. Some diffi- attend new establish- of this kind, in their ent, which yield to the knowledge of the agents at in motion. Such have n felt on the present occa- heles the experiment made, a result as favorable as our ation suggested. A num- ete stands are made of the In comparing them with e of other countries, which hose most distinguished for e are led to conclude, that all equal to any. I submit the Superintendent, of the buildings, the sum requisite them, the number of arms their cost per stand, also the public warehouse in this ci- intended as a depository for ple of our country.
I presume, he otherwise story to our constituents, ion of such vast importance commended and advanced to maturity, under their he first of these, the system, is founded in a though not unknown, was reduced to practice, in t and with like advantage emisphere. It was reserved and free governments of the rth of the United States, ucples it is peculiarly cha- make a fair experiment of nt system; a system which er any circumstances an lation of a fellow citizen: ites the doctrine, that in mes, the society or rather nt ought not to indulge the enge: that makes example t being sanguinary: that rmation in the correction -I am happy to add that xperiment has gone, it is wisdom of the policy which By a report of the keeper, the number of criminals sent to the jail by the dif- the institution was esta- on a comparison of terms increased of late: that not one elarged from confinement een returned to it; that fe- were discharged had acquired ndustry and useful trades: ly had escaped, and that er establishment, the manu- ms, though founded apparent- principles, is nevertheless, in
the present state of the world, of the utmost importance to society. While war is a practical science, and the destruction of the human species, an ordinary pursuit of the ambition of most powers, we ought not to presume that we shall be at all times exempt from its calamities. Our distance and love of peace are not a sufficient security to us. Where powerful navies and armies are kept in service they must be occasionally employed, however slight the pretext. Inaction gives time for reflection, which is unfriendly to establishments, the more burthensome and oppressive, while they are apparently useless.
A defenceless state invites to insult and invasion, and no situation is so much so, as that of a people unarmed. The experience of our revolution sufficiently demonstrated that we ought not to rely on obtaining a supply of arms from foreign countries. An independent nation should always possess within itself the means of its own preservation. It is an improvident, indeed a criminal oversight, to leave to hazard the obtaining objects of such vital importance. It is sometimes the policy of other countries to prohibit the exportation of arms altogether; this might happen at a period of the greatest emergency to us. At no time will they dispose of any but the refuse of their arsenals, such as were probably taken in war from different nations, old, variant in caliber and inferior in quality. Happily our manufactory promises at no very distant period of time, if it is pursued with vigor, to put us in a state of defence by arming the whole of our militia, and furnishing supplies for our arsenals. A reliance on this resource is the more patriotic and expedient, as it will call into service our own artists, and create a demand for our own materials, such as iron, coal and other articles.
To carry these institutions to the greatest degree of perfection of which they are capable, it may be deemed worthy the wisdom of the legislature to revile them, and introduce into each such amendments as experience suggests the propriety of adopting. The judges of the general court have turned their attention to the criminal law, and will, I am taught to believe, present to the legislature, through this department, in the course of the session, their sentiments on this subject. No persons are so capable of judging correctly of the merit of any system as those, who, being employed in the execution, are in the daily habit of witnessing its effect. And by no persons can opinions be given, especially on such a subject, which are entitled to so much consideration as from the enlightened, patriotic, and virtuous judiciary of our country. I therefore take the liberty to refer the legislature to the proposed communication from that department, for such remarks as are applicable to the penitentiary system. With respect to the manufacture of arms, two ideas occur which I think proper to submit to your consideration. It is important that the artists should remain uninterrupted at their labour. The care of the building, of the instruments, materials and arms deposited there, require their continued presence. If incorporated with other militia corps the ordinary duties would take them away and leave these objects exposed to danger. It is submitted whether it might not be proper to form themselves into a distinct corps, under its own officers, subject to the order of the executive alone? Such a corps always embodied as this would be in effect, would contribute much to strengthen the police of the town, while it would add to the security of the public property in it. The other idea contemplates an improvement in the economy of the institution, without affecting the product. It is important to carry it on with the least possible expence to the public; it is equally so to diffuse a knowledge of the art of making arms throughout the community. Both these objects may be obtained by instructing the youth if an opportunity is furnished for the purpose. It may happen that a sufficient number of young men may offer their services there, as the reward of their instruction; but as that may not be the case, may it not be expedient to promote the object by legislative provision? It is the duty of the overseers of the poor in the several counties, by a wise and humane provision of the law, to take charge of orphans, who are otherwise unprovided, and bind them for certain terms to suitable persons, to be instructed in useful trades. Might it not be proper for the legislature to direct the attention of the overseers, in the discharge of that duty, to this institution? If such an arrangement is found eligible in other respects, it cannot be doubted, that it would promote essentially the special objects that are proposed by it.
The important object of arming the
militia according to law, has been pursued in the mode which was communicated to the legislature at the last session. The transportation by water is preferred in all cases where it lessens the expence. The counties are arranged into districts, in reference to some town or other place of deposit in each, where agents are appointed, who receive the arms destined for the regiments in such districts, and forward them to their respective commanders. But as the legislature with a view to foster our infant manufactory, wisely prohibited the purchase of more arms, at its last session, the number since distributed is comparatively inconsiderable. It consists only of such as were apportioned among the several regiments at that time. In the interim the executive has endeavoured to hasten as far as circumstances permitted, the delivery of the arms already contracted for, which is nearly accomplished. I submit a return of those distributed or subject to distribution under a former apportionment; of those deposited in the public arsenal in this city; and of those which are yet to be received by contract. Supposing that a knowledge of the attention which had been paid to this great national object by the other states, would be satisfactory, and even useful to the general assembly, I take the liberty to annex a communication which I have received from the Secretary of War on the subject. The legislature will, I am persuaded, find in it much cause to commend the wisdom and patriotism of some of our sister states, who have already armed the greater part of their militia; much cause to approve the measures which have been taken here in pursuit of the same policy.
In compliance with a resolution of the 10th of February 1800, authorising the executive to appoint commissioners to meet such as might be appointed on the part of Tennessee, to settle the boundary between the two states, that trust was committed, by the advice of the council, to Gen. Joseph Martin, Creed Taylor and Peter Johnston, of which information was given in due time to the Governor of Tennessee. It is understood, that in conformity to a previous arrangement between them, a meeting of the commissioners took place at Abingdon on the first Monday in October last, and that they entered on the execution of the important duty assigned them. I have not since heard from our commissioners, but have no doubt that they will settle the boundary in question on principles of justice, in a manner that will prove honorable to themselves and satisfactory to the legislature, and in time to report the result to the present session.
Soon after the rising of the last Assembly I transmitted to the Governor of Maryland a copy of the resolution of the 26th of January last, on a proposition of that state, to appoint commissioners to settle its western and southern boundary with this commonwealth. I also informed him that the Executive was authorised and prepared to appoint commissioners for the adjustment of the western boundary of that state, it being represented that it was not designated with sufficient accuracy; but that as the southern boundary was so distinctly marked and well known, and had been so long established and acquiesced in by both states, the General Assembly thought it consistent with its duty to postpone a decision on so much of the proposition as respected that object, until a statement of the nature and extent of the claim of Maryland was received and duly considered, which I requested he would be pleased to communicate to me for your information. The Governor did not hesitate to transmit the document requested, but declined proceeding to the adjustment of the line to which our powers extended, and in consequence the Executive took no step on its part in reference to the object. A copy of the statement of the claim of Maryland and of my correspondence with the Governor accompanies this communication.
I have the pleasure to submit to the General Assembly reports from the President and Directors of the several companies instituted for the improvement of our interior navigation, stating the progress which has been made in it by each since your last session. By these reports you will perceive that this bold and useful undertaking continues to be pursued with activity and zeal by those to whom it is entrusted: that the work is advanced in every branch, and in respect to the principal rivers nearly accomplished. After removing the great and more durable obstacles in the James and Potomack (in which latter we have a joint interest with our sister state of Maryland) from their falls almost to their sources, the attention of the Directors has been turned to such as a
occasional, arising more especially from rare and extraordinary droughts, for which they are providing remedies, by contracting and deepening the beds of the rivers, which cannot fail to produce the desired effect. A profit has accrued on the transportation of produce and other articles on these rivers, which was subject to distribution, and in the case of James river, has been attributed among the stock-holders; but in that of the Potomack, where the impediments referred to were greater, the Directors, in the true spirit of the undertaking, seemed disposed to prefer the application of it to the more important object of the association, the greater improvement of the navigation. The demonstration is however satisfactory, that according to the sums deposited, it will become a very productive source of revenue.
Due attention has been paid to the act of the last session, which proposes to open a road from the upper navigation of James to that of Kanawha river. Andrew Moore, John Preston and Samuel Vance were appointed commissioners to view the country between the head waters of those rivers, and report the most convenient route for the proposed communication. These gentlemen have been some time engaged in that interesting duty, and will I am persuaded execute it with the judgment and propriety that was expected from their appointment. Their report will be presented to the Legislature as soon as it is received.
I submit to the General Assembly a return of the militia of the Commonwealth, comprising the infantry, cavalry and artillery. The strength of the infantry is believed to be about 75,000, the cavalry 3,000, and the artillery 2,000. The returns however are incomplete, although due exertions have been made to obtain them. It is proper to add that the deaths of Major General Morgan and Meade, very meritorious officers of our revolution, and the removal of Major General Clarke to the state of Kentucky, have created vacancies in their respective offices, which the Legislature will have to supply. I also submit a statement from the Auditor of public accounts, of the receipts and expenditures of the public revenue for the last year, ending on the first of October 1802, with a list of balances due from public collectors.
By this view of the objects which claim your attention, it appears that the affairs of the commonwealth are in a regular course of increasing prosperity.
Its interfering claims with other states are in a train of fair and amicable adjustment. Its laws in those cases which are a subject of this communication, seem to be directed to proper objects, and to produce their desired effect. Too much commendation however cannot be bestowed on the wisdom of those measures which tend to facilitate, by means of canals and roads a communication between the eastern and western parts of the commonwealth. It is a course of proceeding which is due to the interest of our western brethren, if it was prompted by no other consideration. Our western settlements, especially those beyond the Alleghany mountain, are comparatively in an infant state, and require the fostering hand of the government. Their distance from navigation, subjects them to disadvantages which ought to be remedied in all cases where it is practicable. By such improvements the Legislature anticipates the wants and satisfies the just claims which a part of the community has upon the whole. An enlarged policy never fails to produce a correspondent effect in the bosom of a just and generous people; while it is the invariable and well merited fortune of a narrow and selfish one, to counteract its object and throw things into confusion. But the good effect of these measures will not be confined to our western brethren. It will be felt equally by those on the eastern waters, and in many respects by the United States.
It is important to the towns and counties in this quarter, that the bulky and valuable productions of the western country should find marked here. It is equally so that the bond of union between the several parts of the state should be made as strong as possible; and it is certain that no system of policy can be devised, so effectually to accomplish that end, as one, which by facilitating the communication and promoting the intercourse between the citizens in every quarter, connects them together by the strong ties of interest, acquaintance and affection. What the western part of this state is to the commonwealth, the western states and territory are to the union. They are important parts of a great whole whose rights and interest merit the protection which they receive. They com-
prise a fertile country whose population is rapidly increasing, whose productions will be vast, and military force very reliable. The accession which that country will make to the commerce, navigation and political importance of the United States, when it obtains its just measure of population, and equal station in the union is incalculable. It is highly expedient therefore to strengthen the bond of union between the western and Atlantic states, in all cases where it is practicable, by a just, a generous and fostering policy. It lies without the scope of this communication to pursue the subject farther. I thought it my duty to advert to it so far as it was connected with that before you, the beneficial effect of the improvements referred to will be felt throughout the whole extent of the western country, and in the degree, on the principle above stated, by the United States. The advancement of the interest of the union by a state, is at all times not only a legitimate but a patriotic motive of action. It is one to which I trust the General assembly of this commonwealth will always give its sanction.
If you turn your attention to the affairs of the United States you will I am persuaded find equal cause of satisfaction. So completely and happily is our system of union incorporated, that although the national government is organized on principles entirely distinct from and independent of states, yet as it acts on the people who compose the states, we are affected by its measures and deeply interested in its fortunes. The national prosperity or adversity constitutes that of the members which compose the nation. On a view of what has occurred since your last session, I am happy to have it in my power to add, that I consider our situation under that government essentially improved, in many points that are intimately connected with the public welfare. The military force is diminished without endangering our security: the internal taxes are repealed some of which were burthensome and vexatious, without hazard as we have reason to believe, to the public faith: the administration of justice is placed on an eligible and economic footing: our amicable relations with foreign powers are preferred with dignity and effect: our liberty is cherished; and what is also very important, there has taken place in the public mind, a degree of tranquility and peace which are highly conducive to the public happiness. These measures have a tendency to rest the government on the people, by whom, and for whose benefit it was founded. A strong military force, heavy taxes, and extensive patronage, are contrary to the spirit of free government and often prove the means of subverting it. Circumstances may sometimes require a recourse to such expedients, but the urgency should be great, and apparent to justify it in any case, and they should be dispensed with as soon as the occasion ceased. The strength of free government consists in that of the people, in their population, their patriotism, their ability and promptitude to discharge all the duties which the public exigencies demand. Whenever the government collects a force or otherwise acquires an artificial strength, distinct from and independent of the people, there is just cause for apprehension and alarm; less it is admitted, in these states than elsewhere, yet principles are eternal and ought never to be left out of sight.
The United States occupy an extensive and important section of the globe, happy in its soil, its climate, and distance from the old world. With a population already considerable, which increases with an unexampled rapidity, we are destined to be a great people, and if we are not the most blind and worthless of mankind, we must be a happy one. Our political institutions are in many respects new, and carried, especially in government, to greater perfection than was ever known before. More fortunate than Greece or Rome, we enjoy a greater portion of true liberty, than existed under those celebrated republics of the ancient world, which by means of a better organization we are exempt from the turbulence and anarchy to which they were subject. More fortunate than monarchies of ancient or modern times, our governments possess their greatest energy, with a degree of liberty which is incompatible with the hereditary system. Protected by the union, the bulwark of our safety, let us unite, on sound principles, in exertions to confirm our republican form, to amend its defects where it has a y, and to encircle the circle of harmony to necessary to the welfare of societies and the happiness of individuals.
In my communication to the General Assembly at the last session, I took the liberty to recommend to its attention some of its existing laws on important

...A. with a view to their amendment. They respected the education of our youth, the discipline of our militia, and the improvement of our public highways. The latter object is connected with the commercial interest, the convenience and comfort of our citizens, and the ornaments of our country. The other two are pillars on which the government rests, and should therefore always be kept before us with a view to their greater perfection. As I entertain the same opinion on those subjects that I then did, I consider it my duty to invite your attention to such parts of that communication as respect them.
[To be Concluded in our next.]
JUST PUBLISH'D.
And now selling at WILLIAM DUANE'S Bookstore, between the Capitol and the President's House, Pennsylvania Avenue, A LETTER FROM THOMAS PAINE
TO GENERAL WASHINGTON, TO WHICH ARE ADDED, Several curious and important papers, explanatory of Mr. Paine's conduct and writings. Jan. 5. 3s.
IMPORTANT DISCOVERY
Of extracting pure, wholesome, and fresh water from the salt water of the Ocean, by means of evaporation and condensation.
WITH a new and useful improvement in the carbocle of a vessel for working said machine without any additional expense for fuel, and supplies at sea a sufficiency of fresh water for the ship's use. Invented by SIMEON ROUSE , and by him assigned to JOHN LAMB , who has obtained a Patent from the United States, signed by the President the first day of January 1803.
Many gentlemen have examined the drawing and description of the said machine, and are firmly of opinion that it is of the utmost importance, and will be highly beneficial to all nations forever hereafter. It is understood the Patentee will shortly present the machine (complete) on board one of our National ships (or some other) for satisfactory experiment, when the terms of Vending will be made known and published in the several sea ports in the United States.
The Inventor and Patentee are citizens of the State of New York.
Persons (willing to the public good) will publish the above if they please. Jan. 6. 6s.
The Dey of Algiers.
This beautiful native Arabian Horse, IS NOW FOR SALE.
The proof of his age and origin may be inspected, and the noble animal himself may be seen, by applying to Charles C. Jones at his farm, seven miles from this town: he is young, healthy, and in fine spirits, and condition, and the trial of last season, (the only one he has stood in this part of the world) proves him a sure foal getter. As to his form, let those judge who are inclined to purchase.
The best judges have pronounced him perfect; his coat is white; he is of full stature for his age, measuring exactly 14 hands 2 and an half inches.
As, if not sold, he will be advertised to cover on the 1st February. I cannot receive propositions later than that day.
JOHN MASON.
Orange Town December 22. 1802. 250v
City Repository and Auction Room.
Household Furniture, and goods of every description, received for public and private sale, by JOHN GARDINER , Auctioneer, Pennsylvania Avenue, 4th house west of President's square.
CARTERS will have an Auction every Friday at 11 A. M. and sell by private sale other days. This arrangement he trusts will accommodate all who are desirous to sell cheap for cash; and all who are desirous to buy cheap. Those who have goods they wish to part with, can exhibit them at this repository, and those who wish to purchase, by calling, will probably find what they wish on easy terms.
Variety of House Furniture—Some dry Goods—Books—Earthenware—Ironmongery—Carpenters Tools—A Franklin stove &c. &c. now for sale Cheap.
J. GARDINER.
4th J. n. 1803. 1wtf.
On Thursday next the 6th
instant, at 11 o'clock before noon—if fair, otherwise the next fair day—will be held at public venue at the Navy Yard—A small quantity of STUFF CLOTHING , somewhat damaged, and some damaged BREAD .
IHOS. TINGEY,
Superintendent. Jan. 5. it.
Henry Callaway, & Co.
Bridge street, a few doors above the Union Tavern, George Town, has just received an extensive assortment of Dry Goods, consisting of—
 Superfine cloths and cassimeres, Chintzes and calicoes, flannels, Cotton tassels fringes, Second do. do. Cotton worsted and Fashionable fancy cords, milled hosiery, and velveteens, Muffs and tippets—Coatings & half thick shoes, Fashionable Lace, clock, Fashionable tambour'd silk hose, muslins, Fine ribbed flannel, Cambric muslin, Diaper table cloths and Linen cambricks, Toweling, Federal bed ticking, Irish, German, Plain Flannels, ditto, 4-4s and Russia Shawls, waistcoats of shirtings, rose and striped blanketts, cotton hose, Hats, Slippers and plattil-Bed Laces. 
And a number of other articles too tedious to mention, all of which will be sold very low for cash. Jan. 5. 1m
Congress of the United States.
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES.
Friday, Dec. 31.
A confidential Message was received from the President, including a letter from the Governor of the Mississippi Territory, with an accompanying letter received by him from the Governor of Louisiana.
The Galleries were cleared, and the doors remained shut until past 2 o'clock.
Mr. Dennis presented a petition of sundry inhabitants of Washington and George Town, praying that Congress will pass an Act for incorporating an Insurance Company, to be styled "The Columbia General Insurance Company."
Referred to Messrs. Dennis, Van Nels, and Taliaferro.
Mr. Gray called up his resolution, laid some time since on the table as follows:
Resolved, that a committee be appointed to enquire into the expediency of passing a law rendering all persons forever incapable of holding any office under the government of the United States, who shall, at any time hereafter, be concerned in any duel, either in sending, carrying or accepting any written or verbal challenge; and that they report by bill or otherwise.
Mr. Davis opposed the resolution. He said if the House could be made sensible that the resolution embraced a subject on which it could not constitutionally act, they would reject it. To him it was plain that if the House pursued the object of the resolution it laid them on forbidden ground. In the first place it took from the citizens a right which, by their constitution, they had secured to themselves, to wit: the right of free elections—do not the resolution contemplate, and no man can hold a seat here who ever fought a duel, or gave or carried a challenge, although he may be the choice of the people. No such thing is laid in the constitution. The people in that instrument has already decided the disqualification to office—that charter of their rights declares that no person who has been impeached and found guilty "shall hold an office," and I contend that Congress cannot impeach a person for any offence done by him as an individual; two things are requisite to ground an impeachment. First, the person must be an officer of the United States. Secondly, he must have been guilty of some malfeasance in the discharge of the duties imposed on him by that office. If an individual who does not hold an office under the United States commits murder, I deny the right of Congress to impeach him—he is made amenable to the state laws; while we were busy in impeaching him, he might be executed by the statute law of the state. Let it not be understood that I advocate this practice. My observations disclaim the right we have to act on it.
The resolution was negatived.
Monday, Jan. 3, 1803.
Mr. Leib presented a petition from John Miles, and others, gun makers of the City of Philadelphia, praying that additional duties may be imposed on muskets, pistols, and other fire or small arms imported from foreign countries.
Mr. Van Nels, presented a memorial from the Washington Building Company, praying for an act of incorporation.
Referred to a select committee of three.
Mr. Leib observed that during the last session, a proposition had been made, and had passed this House to amend the Constitution respecting the election of President and Vice President, but which had been rejected in the Senate. Mr. Leib said that the citizens he represented were extremely anxious on this subject. He, therefore, considered it his duty to submit a similar proposition, in order to determine whether it would not share a better fate. He then proposed an amendment, substantially, that in all future elections of President and Vice President, the persons voted for shall be particularly designated by declaring which are voted for as President, and which as Vice President.
Referred to the committee of the whole on the state of the union.
Mr. Randolph, chairman of the committee of ways and means, reported a bill making partial appropriations for the naval service during the year 1803.
The bill appropriates 100,000 dollars. Referred to a committee of the whole House to-morrow.
The House resolved itself into a committee of the whole on the report of the committee of claims on the petition of Charles Hyde—Mr. Varnum in the Chair.
After making a few amendments, not affecting the principle of the report, the committee rose, and the House immediately took up their report and concurred therein.
The report directs the proper accounting officer to liquidate and settle the claims of the petitioner, allowing him, as Judge Advocate from Dec. 2, 1792, to July 15, 1794, such pay and emoluments for his services, as were allowed
at that time to officers acting in a like capacity.
Mr. John Cotton Smith, chairman of the committee of claims, soon after reported a bill to this effect, which was referred to a committee of the whole, into which the House immediately resolved itself, reported without amendment, and ordered to be engrossed for a third reading to-morrow.
Mr. Randolph, chairman of the committee of ways and means, reported a bill making appropriations for the military establishment of the United States for the year 1803.
Referred to a committee of the whole to-morrow.
Mr. Eustis presented a petition from Samuel Blodget, praying relief, in the case of a judgment recovered against him in the supreme court of Pennsylvania, for property in the city of Washington, at the suit of the possessors of a prize ticket in a lottery authorised to be drawn for the improvement of the said city in the year 1793, and of which the petitioner was appointed an acting manager and superintendent.
The Speaker presented to the House a report of the Secretary of State on the petition of C. L. Lafant.
Referred to a committee of the whole House.
On motion of Mr. Nicholson, the house resolved itself into a committee of the whole.—Mr. John C. Smith in the chair.—On the bill "For the relief of Insolvent Debtors within the District of Columbia."
The blank in the 4th line of the 1st Sect. fixes the period of residence in the district required to entitle a debtor to the benefit of the act. This, on motion of Mr. Nicholson, was filled with "one year."
Several other amendments were made in the different sections, on the motion of Mr. Nicholson.—The most material of which provided for the liberation of a confined debtor during the vacation of the court by two or more judges.
The committee proceeded to the 3d Section, which is as follows:
Sec. 3. And be it enacted , That upon the petitioning debtor's executing a deed to the said trustee conveying all his property, real, personal and mixed, and all his claims, rights and credits agreeably to the oath or affirmation of the said debtor, and on the delivery of all his said property which he shall have in his possession, and his books, papers and evidence of debts of every kind to the said trustee, and upon the said trustee's certifying the same to the court in writing, it shall be lawful for the court to order that the said petitioning debtor shall be discharged from all debts, covenants, contracts, promises, and agreements, due from or owing or contracted by him prior to the date of the said deed, and by virtue of such order the said debtor shall be discharged as aforesaid: Provided that no person who has been guilty of a breach of the laws, and who has been fined or imprisoned for such breach shall be discharged from the payment of such fine, or from his imprisonment; and provided likewise, that any property which the debtor may afterwards acquire by gift, descent, or in his own right by bequest, devise or in any course of distribution, shall be liable to the payment of the said debts, any thing herein to the contrary notwithstanding.
Which being read,
Mr. Randolph observed that by the provisions of this Section, the Bankrupt system was put in force not only as to merchants, but as to every description of citizens. It extended to all persons who might migrate to this sanctuary. It operated in the nature of a repealing law to the laws of all the states. It would also have the operation of an ex post facto law. If these objections should not be answered, he would be compelled to give his vote against the bill.
Mr. Davis, thought the 3d Section liable to the objections of the gentleman from Virginia. It extended the benefit of the Bankrupt system to the people of this territory in a manner different from that which was extended to the citizens of the States. As however the subject did not appear to have been much reflected on, he moved that the committee should rise, and ask leave to sit again.
Mr. Nicholson said he should make at that time but little comment on the remarks of gentlemen opposed to the provisions of the 3d Section. The principle involved in the 3d Section, was certainly a very important one. It would be well, he thought, for the committee to express their sense of it before they rose; to decide whether it should be retained or not. If not retained, the bill would require considerable modification. He would, therefore, make a few observations on the principle of the Section, in the hope that the gentleman from Kentucky would vary his motion, and move in lieu thereof to strike out the 3d Section, in order to try the sense of the House.
Gentlemen were mistaken, when they considered this Section as extending to the citizens of this territory the benefits of the Bankrupt system. If they had been so extended, he could not see any solid objection to it. But the provisions were very different. By the Bankrupt law, when the certificate is
granted, the Bankrupt is discharged from all his debts. By this Section he is not discharged; because it is provided that any property afterwards acquired "by gift, descent, or in his own right by bequest, devise or in any course of distribution," shall be liable for his debts. Under the insolvent laws of Virginia and Kentucky, an insolvent debtor's property is answerable after his liberation. In other states, a different principle prevails.
Mr. N. said, in his opinion, the principle of the bill was an equitable principle. For if after an insolvent debtor shall be liberated from confinement, and shall align over all his existing property, property afterwards acquired by his own personal industry shall be answerable for his debts, you destroy all stimulus to exertion and labour. The evil too is not merely personal to him, but is felt by society at large; because his industry not only contributes to his own personal benefit, but to that also of society. You lose, therefore, a valuable member of society. This is not the only loss. You likewise inflict an essential injury on his family that are under his special protection.
[Mr. Nicholson here intanced the unhappy effects of this rigor on two descriptions of citizens in this place; those who kept boarding-houses and store-keepers.]
He concluded by observing that, in his opinion, the bankrupt law went too far, while the laws of Virginia and Kentucky did not go far enough. While, property acquired by the personal labour of a debtor ought not to be answerable for his previous debts, he was of opinion, that property, otherwise acquired, should be answerable.
Mr. Davis withdrew his motion for the rising of the committee, and moved to strike out the words "all debts, covenants, promises and agreements, due from or owing, or contracted by him prior to the date of the said deed," and to insert in lieu thereof, "imprisonment."
Mr. Davis begged leave to offer a few remarks on what had fallen from the gentleman from Maryland. That gentleman had remarked, that to make property afterwards acquired by the personal exertion of the debtor answerable, would destroy a great stimulus to industry, while he considered it perfectly right that property acquired by descent or gift should be made answerable. Now, is any thing more easy than to evade this provision? If an individual is known to be bankrupt; he presumed none of his friends would give him any thing, because it would be applied to the payment of his debts. They will be sure to vest it in some friends for his use, and thus preclude the ability of the creditor to touch it. The argument of the gentleman, therefore, was not correct. Mr. Davis said, if this section should be struck out, the same provisions would apply to this district, as applied to the states.
Mr. Randolph was again the section. He was not, however, surprised at the support it received from his friend (Mr. Nicholson) from his known humanity, and from his partiality, which it was natural he should entertain, for the municipal regulations of his own state. But he would, on further reflection, find that by extending this far the measure of his humanity to the debtor, he will essentially injure the creditor. Mr. Randolph knew how easy it was to work on the passions of a deliberative body by portraying the miseries of the unfortunate. For himself, he abhorred the incarceration of the body for debt. But he was for taking a middle course between the extreme rigor of our ancestors, and the unjust clemency to the debtor proposed by this section. He would ask by what description of persons the greatest injury had been inflicted on society in this country; whether by debtors under the iron grasp of their creditors, or by debtors whom the mistaken clemency of the law had permitted to ruin their creditors? He believed that a more extensive scene of injury had been inflicted on the country by the villainy (he could call it by no other name) of men who had sported with the property of others, than had been inflicted by the most merciless rigor of creditors.
By denying to the creditor the power of incarcerating the body of his debtor, you proceed as far as justice will warrant. Farther you cannot go; because the obligation to comply with contracts is eternal, and not subject to your regulations. He would say, that if the debtor were an honest man, he would make good his engagements, whatever the law might say to the contrary. With regard to a want of stimulus to industry, which the gentleman from Maryland had assigned as a reason for retaining the section, he would ask if there was no danger to be apprehended from a law which put it in the power of any man, by twelve months residence here, to elude all claims against him? Which most conduced to the public benefit, the exertions of an honest and laborious man, or these you may expect from an insolvent debtor? It is right to respect the miseries of the unfortunate. But these distresses are in more instances the effects of crime than of misfortune.
Mr. Randolph considered the ideas of the gentleman from Kentucky as going as far as they should go. They say, you shall not torture the person of a debtor;
but you shall not receive a pledge from him, if it depends on a man from a distance? What are they to do? They are to dispense power, and he proved it by the pope of old, free indentments as strong as the and other obligations. The same right to do the Is it not as easy to take money of the creditor as that Is it not known that creditors amount are starving lived their sufferings we whole of debtors. What the millions sponged by system? They had gone systems and projects to a given rise. As to the performed a complete stands where he stood before with nothing, and with no ed.
Suppose there should be sure your act and that of der each of which there is ment; which is to give wa dolph concluded by saying important consideration to might be important to oth in case this section was a place would become the re of all descriptions. It wo temple of Mecca.
Mr. Nicholson said he tial to this provision, had existed in the state he re since the year 1774. He notwithstanding, that the land had been turned in Mecca, nor were people flocking to it. Why th rather than to Maryland requires twelve months re a debtor shall be entitled of the provision. If that ficient, increase it. Say extend to two or three yer period. To this he is objection. But he exeri ple, because he deemed it.
What are the objections it? It is said that its is evaded. This is true evaded. But he would a be so changed as to prev Suppose all the property shall be made answerable Will not a fraudulent deb person disposed to leave h vest it in my children, friends, and will not that be fraud upon the creditors gentlemen have described prevented by no law whate
Mr. Nicholson said he w would be the effect upon a family of children depends Would he exert himself to perty when he did not could retain it an hour after tion. He asked if this was of man? As far as his on tended it was not. All were some lenient creditor others that were relentless lay their claims on the fu labour. Will not this deli But gentlemen by this pro bet a moral injury to the True—But what do they fects of the contrary pro debtor? They will liber jail, that he may becom without any inducement to to employ with effect the mind. He would ask if t injury was not the greater i he believed this provision great and good effect. It w the injurious extension o would in this place repel in lots, by reducing proper value, which would contr improvement of the city, persons, by obtaining grov rate terms, to come here to
A similar provision h s ryland for twenty six year there extends to all d btor owe more than 200 pounds other cases it is usual for t to pass an annual law on the debtors. If they pursu a h all their time weuld be occ neglect of business of infini importance. It became t cessary to pass a general subject; in doing which no jury could be done the cre an essential service would b on the debtor.
Mr. Gollard was opposi tion for reasons additional t ed by the gentlemen from V Kentucky. This provision him to extend much farther of the Bankrupt law. By debtor is to present to t list of his creditors, who are Trustee to whom all his prop assig ned, and he is to be i doing this, without their co was not the principle of t acts under which a Bankrupt discharged but by the com two thirds of the creditors bar and number. How easy woul der this bill for a debtor re of his friends only, and by get to appoint an assignee, acco wishes, fraudulently to rob ins This bill was of such a nature rate not alone in the diffico

creditors dispersed among all its creditors. How much therefore, would the his bill, where all these vrd? replied to the obser- dard, by remarking ve left to the discretion five such notice to the new sit, who might e, or within two years, rank, deny all the be- the debtor, who might perjury. He agreed n that under the Bank- d had been committed. e. He had been no law, or one of those ut as most of the states ons on this subject, he e, viewing it as a state, ilar provisions extend-
he could not agree it, as he did not view ple of the bill with that ad been expressed by He had always con- ding that in countries, e, the love of property e over that of freedom. principle once resorted appeared to be acted of court. It could rest on the time of our cofidering us as hav- igin from England— ion of personal liberty e. By them it was freedom of the person infringed but in cases d the breaking of for offences against of the realm. These m confirmed under effor, and again adopt- ma Charta [the words Mitchell here quoted.] ature of that country a violation of this fip- ever was, he believed, d to a spirit of com- e sacre frames, which with one accord, to for liberty. Tracing as first flag, the legisla- y, and an imitation, d from the proceeds of on to the period of ul- ent, in a series of vio- at principles of Magna came necessary for the fere to remove the e- pon their measures, first person of the debtor lavery, and secondly to om his debts.
He had been thus reference to England, d been adopted there mutandis to this coun- into a detailed specifi- fions for the original ill, which we regret our t from the occasional ce breaking the chain municated to us, con- eption of the opinion, dence was too short, uld be determined to e, he would propose a speaker) was in favor of ng, as he did not think e for a decision. Not- that had been laid, not lightly to violate individuals. Most of lvent laws; and their his subject might per- om the systems of which they lived. As lived that no govern- any man keep proper- l of right to another. an insolvent debtor, is carriage, while his be begging bread in not this show the ne- ? All that could be to liberate the person of ere was no great dan- of the creditor. It was of Americans to seize t was necessary for his
obtained doubts whe- gulating for this district, erty that lay in the leve- of, for instance, that a deed for property in an hile in that state the fold under execution on there. Which would appeared to him to place territory in a very dif- from the citizens in the In other cases Congress lly—Here exclusively. pals a law that shall af- in another state. If ake to pals a law that roperty, there may be and clashing of jurif- cluded by moving that should rise, and ask leave ut a division; and leave
Mr. Varnum moved that the same Committee should be instructed to en- quire into the expediency of repealing the Bankrupt law. Mr. Newton considered the Commit- tee already raised as competent to the en- quiry without any express instruction. Mr. Griswold thought this motion in- compatible with the prayer of the petition from Norfolk and Portsmouth—the one being in favor of an amendment, and the other in favor of a repeal, of the Bank- rupt Act. After it shall appear that it is not susceptible of amendment, it may be proper to agitate the question of re- peal. Mr. Varnum thought there was no impropriety in submitting both proposi- tions to the same Committee, who will en- quire into the merits of the law and the propriety of continuing it. It appeared to him that it was not calculated to pro- tect the happiness of the citizens of the United States. It opened the door to the greatest frauds and inequalities im- aginable. He hoped the subject would be taken up seriously, and expressed his opinion that the law was considered by both political sides as injurious. Mr. Griswold replied, and insisted that the arguments of the gentleman proved the impropriety of referring both points to the same Committee. If the gentle- man is against a continuance of the law, let it be referred to a Committee of the whole, who will be the most proper organ for expressing the sense of the House on that principle. The question was then taken on Mr. Varnum's motion, which was carried— Ayes—45. Noes—25.
TUESDAY, Jan. 4, 1803. Mr. Hemphill presented a memorial from the Chamber of Commerce of the city of Philadelphia, praying that the acts imposing additional duties on foreign ton- nage, and merchandise imported in foreign vessels may not be repealed. Referred to the committee of Com- merce and Manufactures. The Speaker laid before the House a letter from the Secretary of the Treasury, enclosing a statement of the duties and drawbacks on goods, wares and merchan- dize imported into, and exported from the United States during the years 1799, 1800, and 1801. The House resolved itself into a com- mittee of the whole, Mr. John C. Smith in the chair, on the bill for the relief of insolvent debtors within the district of Columbia. Mr. Nicholson said, that when this section was under consideration yesterday, a number of gentlemen had declared themselves decidedly against the prin- ciple of it. He therefore moved to strike out the section, though he should vote a- gainst it. On this motion the question was imme- diately taken, and carried in the affirma- tive by a large majority—Ayes 50. When on motion of Mr. Nicholson the committee rose, the House refused their permission to sit again, and recommitted the bill to the committee who introduced it. The House went into a committee of the whole, Mr. Dawson in the chair, on the bill making a partial appropriation for the naval service during the year 1803. The bill appropriates 100,000 dollars. The committee having gone through the bill, reported it without amendment to the House, who immediately took it up, and ordered it to be engrossed for a third reading to-morrow. The House resolved itself into a com- mittee of the whole—Mr. Dawson in the chair—on the bill making appropria- tions for the military establishment of the United States for the year 1803, who filled up the several blanks and re- ported it with an amendment to the House, who concurred therein, and or- dered it to be engrossed for a third read- ing to-morrow. Mr. Moore, presented a petition from certain inhabitants on Broad river, stat- ing that they have been for some time past, without any regular admin- istration of justice, and praying to be annexed to the state of South Carolina. Referred to a select committee of three. Mr. Dawson called up his resolutions respecting post roads, which, on mo- tion of Mr. Gregg, were referred to a committee of the whole House on Mon- day next. Mr. Griswold observed that there was one subject noticed in the President's message, on which the House had taken no order. It was very important that
the legislature should possess all the in- formation that it was in the power of the heads of department to furnish. He then read that part of the message that relates to the cession of Louisiana to the French; and said that for the purpose of obtaining all the information proper at that time to be given, he made the following motion:
Resolved, That the President of the U. States, be requested to direct the proper officer, to lay before this House, copies of such official documents as have been received by this govern- ment, announcing the cession of Loui- siana to France, together with a report explaining the stipulations, circum- stances, and conditions under which that province is to be delivered up—unless such documents and report will, in the opinion of the President, divulge to the House particular transactions not proper at this time to be communicated. Mr. Griswold considered it respectful to save the President from a request to furnish papers that may be improper at this time. The subject, however, was vassily important; and the cession of the province might require from the legisla- ture some further protection of that fron- tier.
Mr. Smilie hoped the resolution would lie on the table at least till to-morrow. Mr. S. Smith asked the gentleman from Connecticut to explain the diff- erence between his resolution, and that offered at the beginning of the session by the gentleman from Virginia, (Mr. Randolph.) Mr. Griswold replied, that if the gentleman from Maryland would give himself the trouble of reading the reso- lution offered by the gentleman from Virginia, he would perceive the differ- ence. That related to the shutting of the port of New Orleans by Spain—and the other to the cession of the province to France. If the gentleman thought there were any delicate subjects connect- ed with the resolution, he had no objec- tion to its resting until to-morrow.
WASHINGTON CITY. WEDNESDAY, January 5, 1803. On Saturday, New-Year's Day, the President was waited upon by Diplo- matic characters, the officers of the Govern- ment, the members of the legislature, and the citizens generally—There were also present a large number of ladies.
A MEETING of the Inhabitants of the City and County of Washington, is requested at Lovell's Hotel in Pennsylvan- ia Avenue, on Friday next at 4 o'clock precisely, on matters of importance. Daniel Carroll of Dudd. William Thornton, Abraham Boyd, Corn. Coringham, Isaac Peirce, Benjamin More, Thomas Corcoran, Robert Brent,
FOR THE NATIONAL INTELLIGENCER. The late attack made by the Hon- orable John Rutledge upon Mr. Ellery a Senator of the United States from the State of Rhode Island, has for some time been the theme of private abuse, and the subject of public attention. The malignant passions of party spirit have colored the tale to suit their own polit- ical complexion, while the chivalric no- tions of high blooded honor have con- signed to cowardice a man whose integri- ty was never doubted, and whose senti- ments of propriety and genteel deport- ment can never be questioned by those who are acquainted with the circum- stances of the transaction. But without attempting to convince persons whose pre- judices are already enlisted upon one side or the other, the following statement of facts is submitted to the public with a full confidence that the sober sense of the community will form a correct decision on the subject of controversy. The only question now referred to the judg- ment of the public is, whether Mr. El- lery conducted as a good member of so- ciety and as a gentleman in refusing the challenge of Mr. Rutledge, and whe- ther the latter can be justified in his at- tack upon the former. The cause of this rencounter is well known. It is un- necessary to state that it originated from a supposed agency which Mr. Ellery had in the publication of certain letters ad- dressed to the President of the United States, with the signature of Nicholas Jeffrey, and of which it has been said Mr. Rutledge is the author. This is a subject nigher Mr. Rutledge's feelings and more interesting to his reputation: It shall not at this time receive a dis- cussion, but the public may soon expect a more ample and a more satisfactory statement of facts on the authorship of those letters than has yet been present- ed. In the mean while they are request- ed to read with attention and impar- tiality the subsequent narration.
On Friday the 24th day of December, Mr. Ellery left the city of Washington for the purpose of spending Christmas with a friend who resided at Port To- bacco. On the following Sunday, while dining at this friend's house in company with a number of ladies and gentlemen, a servant belonging to the family in-
formed him that a person at the door wished to speak with him. He imme- diately went to the door and found the person standing at the threshold. Though his countenance appeared familiar to Mr. Ellery, his name could not at the moment be recollected. He informed Mr. Ellery that he had quitted Wash- ington in haste, and had brought away letters which he requested Mr. Ellery to take back with him on his return. The man seemed hurried. His name was re- quired; he answered, "Mr. Morris of the House of Representatives." It was then perceived that the person who be- fore was unknown was the honorable Lewis R. Morris of Vermont. At the request of Mr. Ellery he walked into a vacant room. He then said to Mr. El- lery, "Sir, my business is of another nature," and, after mentioning some- thing respecting the Senate which could not be understood from the hesitating manner in which it was delivered, fur- ther said—"Mr. Rutledge expects you to give him the satisfaction of a gentle- man." As Mr. Rutledge could have no motive for challenging Mr. Ellery which had not existed for months previous to this period, the latter must have been at a loss to conjecture the reason why this particular time was selected for the purpose. The extraordinary manner, and the appearance of Mr. Morris at this juncture, with such a proposal, led Mr. Ellery to enquire of Mr. Morris whi- Rutledge was, Mr. Morris replied "at hand sir." As Rutledge might be then waiting at the door, and had certainly given himself and his honorable friend much trou- ble in travelling upwards of forty miles to invite a man to the field whom he well knew could not accept of the invitation, an immediate answer seemed absolutely indispensible, more especially as the wea- ther was rainy and very cold. Mr. El- lery accordingly told the honorable Lewis R. Morris that he had a friend in the din- ing room more acquainted with the sub- ject than himself, and whom he would re- quest to return a proper answer to the proposal. Mr. Morris said, "Doctor Newman I suppose." Mr. Ellery repli- ed "Mr. Newman is my friend." Mr. Newman was then called by Mr. Ellery, and after a few moments conversation the former waited on the honorable Lewis R. Morris with answer "that it was the opinion of Mr. Ellery's friends, and his own opinion, that Mr. Ellery ought not to meet Mr. Rutledge." Mr. Morris re- tired, and Mr. Newman joined his friends. Mr. Morris called the next morning at the seat of Mr. Newman; after a short con- versation the latter went to Mr. Ellery's bed side, and informed him that Mr. Mor- ris was below, and wished to know his reasons for declining a meeting with Mr. Rutledge, that he had remarked to Mr. Morris the impropriety of the request, but if Mr. Ellery consented to assign rea- sons, no objection would be made on his part. Though Mr. Ellery had given an absolute refusal to meet Mr. Rutledge, and though he thoroughly comprehend- ed the intention of the honorable John Rutledge in this second application, Mr. Ellery desired his friend to tell the hon- orable Lewis R. Morris that he could not accept of Mr. Rutledge's proposal, that he considered himself under the protection of the Senate, and should proceed in a different manner, that he should return to Washington when his visit was complet- ed, and take the advice of his friends as to the proper manner of bringing the whole affair before Congress, and that he conceived this would be the most effect- ual method of placing the character of each in its proper light. On Monday e- vening Mr. Ellery called at the stage-of- fice at Port Tobacco, and secured his seat in the mail stage for Washington. Tues- day morning, about sunrise, the stage started. The only passengers were an el- derly lady and Mr. Ellery. It was under- stood by a conversation between the dri- ver and a black boy taken up on the road, that the two gentlemen, Rutledge and Morris, had gone on, having started half an hour before the sun had risen; and when the stage arrived at the inn where breakfast is prepared, they were standing in the porch. Mr. Ellery passed by them into the bar room, and requested the land- lord to place his breakfast in a separate room. Mr. Ellery was accordingly de- sired to walk into the one in which he sat on his way from Washington, and which was in the front part of the house. The windows were open—Mr. Ellery seated himself by one of them, having in full view the two honorable members who frequently eyed him with a look of some uncharitable design. What Mr. Ellery's suspicions must have been, is not difficult of conjecture. He could have no doubt whether their "intentions were wicked or charitable." Followed from Washington, waylaid on his return, unarmed, and unattended by a friend, and recollecting the frequent menaces against his life, he could not but expect that his pursuer, whom he considered guilty of one mean- ness, would stoop to the commission of another. He sat down to his breakfast —the table being properly spread, the landlord was told there would be no further occasion of his attendance; he with- drew; and while Mr. Ellery had the cup in his hand and at his lips, Rutledge rush- ed into the room, and before the former could fairly raise his eyes, struck him with a club on the forehead. The blow was repeated before Mr. Ellery could clear
himself from the table, and a third re- served as he seized Rutledge. Being in some measure stunned, the exertions of Mr. Ellery were not altogether on the defensive; Rutledge was hitherto only forced across the room and thrown upon a table with his head pressed to the wall. Immediately on this Mr. Ellery was seized by Mr. Symmes the tavern-keeper, and taken from Rutledge, who tak- ing an advantage of his extrication and the presence of his friends, (who evi- dently sallied into the room for the pur- pose of saving him) again struck Mr. Ellery with the club; Rutledge was in- stantly thrown by Mr. Ellery to another side of the room, and upon another ta- ble, with his head again forced to the wall. In this situation Mr. Ellery, un- doubtedly judging from what had passed, that he should not be permitted by Mor- ris and the persons present to disable Rutledge, and having no disposition to beat even him whole life at the moment might have been justly sacrificed to the principle of self-preservation, turned to Morris and reproached him for coun- tenancing an assault upon a member of the same legislative body to which he belonged, going, as he well knew, to the Senate, with the intention of laying be- fore it every thing relating to the differ- ence. The gentleman answered that "he was out of it," but did not stop for- ward to prevent further violence. Dur- ing this time, Rutledge, while pressed to the wall, and the blood running down his cheek, frequently cried out, "pull his nose, pull his ears," and tried to seize Mr. Ellery's face. But as he could do no material injury, very little attention was paid to him on the part of Mr. Ellery, who, while holding him in that situation enquired whether any civil magistrate resided in the village, and was answered that none lived within sixteen miles of the place. Mr. Ellery then ob- served to the gentlemen, who were as strangers to him, and who appeared at a loss in what manner to conduct, that he was a senator of the United States on his way to the capitol, and that the other two persons were representatives, who had followed him from Washington, way-laid him on his return, and fallen upon him without any weapons for his defence, and without a friend to protect him. Rutledge during this time re- maining in the same unpleasant posture, Morris with the mixed emotions of anger and chagrin exclaimed, "Why don't you let him go." To this address Mr. Ellery made no reply; but still held Rutledge, breathless through fear, shame, and guilt. At length one of the spectators laid to the landlord, "had we not better part them;" to which he would not assent until he spoke to Mr. Rutledge, who promised that he would not renew the attack. They then parted. Mr. Ellery by the shoulders and Rutledge at liberty, who, when the room under the elbow vented his wrath and in language too pested.—It ledge led
fa tha his had co of comp under ever extorting ir of fear, tom judgment v scheme was doubt, whe this same ho Saturday even fault went sily Mr. Ellery in the t and enquired whether of the members of cong at the same place, but of the house.
I would now enquire of t disposed to censure Mr. Ell ing to meet Mr. Rutledge, w honorable for one man to chal ther whose principles are oppo elling, who believes that in civi the law is the only arbiter of disputes between individuals, and that the rules of natural justice will not authorize a person to hazard his own life for a trifling cause, nor to shed the blood of his fel- low man but for the purpose of self pre- servation, or to prevent the destruction of others? Is it honorable for a man who possesses his eye light in perfection and who knows the art of shooting a pistol with accuracy, to challenge another whose vision is defective, and who has no skill in the use of fire arms? But ad- mitting the justice of settling private quarrels at the point of the bayonet, ad- mitting that Mr. Ellery is as great a du- ellist as Mr. Rutledge, the character of the latter must in the opinion of the former, and in that of his friends, have been so far im- plicated by the subject of the forged let- ters, that until the stain was wiped away, he could not justify himself by the laws of honor, in granting to Mr. Rutledge what is called the satisfaction of a gentleman.
Twenty Dollars Reward WILL be paid for the delivery of a small Black TRUNK, containing wearing ap- parrel for a gentleman. It was left between Dennis Tavern and Elbridge landing from the Coach on Friday last. It delivered at Mr. Silles Hotel in the city of Washington. Dec. 22. 36

PROPOSALS
FOR CARRYING
Mails of the United States
On the following Post-Roads, Will be received at the GENERAL POST OFFICE at WASHINGTON, until the 18th day of January, inclusive.
IN DELAWARE.
1. From Wilmington by New-Castle, St. George's-town, Canwell's bridge, Duck Creek, Dover, Frederica, Milford, George-town, Trap, Snowhill, Hornetown, Drummond and Northampton c. h. to the Ferry Landings, three times a week.
April 1st to November 15th.
Leave Wilmington every Monday, Wednesday and Friday, at 11 a. m. arrive at Dover same days by 9 p. m.—Leave Dover every Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday, at 4 a. m. and arrive at Drummond the next day, Wednesday, Friday and Monday, by 8 p. m. and arrive at the Ferry Landing on Thursday, Saturday and Tuesday, by noon.— Returning —Leave the Ferry Landing every Monday, Wednesday and Friday, at noon. Leave Drummond every Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday, at 6 a. m. arrive at Dover the next day on Wednesday, Friday and Monday, by 8 p. m. Leave Dover every Thursday, Saturday and Tuesday, at 4 a. m. and arrive at Wilmington the same days by 2 p. m.—
November 15th to April 1st.
Leave Wilmington every Monday, Wednesday and Friday, at 6 a. m. arrive at Dover same days by 6 p. m. Leave Dover every Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday, at 5 a. m. and arrive at Drummond on Wednesday, Friday and Monday, by 8 p. m. and arrive at the Ferry Landing on Thursday, Saturday and Tuesday, by noon.— Returning —Leave the Ferry Landing every Monday, Wednesday and Friday, at 10 a. m. and arrive at Dover the next Wednesday, Saturday and Monday, by 8 p. m. Leave Dover every Thursday, Saturday and Tuesday, at 6 a. m. and arrive at Wilmington same days by 6 p. m.
2. From Frederica by Berry-town and Whitelysburg to Greensboro', in Maryland, once a week. Leave Frederica every Friday at 4 a. m. and arrive at Greensboro' by 11 a. m. Leave Greensboro' every Friday at 1 p. m. and arrive at Frederica by 8 p. m.
3. From Lewis-town by Broadkiln Landings, George-town, Bridge Branch, North W. F. Bridge and New-Market, to Cambridge, Md. once a week. Leave Lewis-town every Tuesday at 6 a. m. arrive at George-town by noon. Leave George-town every Tuesday at 1 p. m. and arrive at Cambridge on Wednesday at noon, and arrive at Lewis-town by 8 p. m.
4. From Lewis-town by Broadkiln Landings, George-town, Bridge Branch, North W. F. Bridge and New-Market, to Cambridge, Md. once a week. Leave Lewis-town every Tuesday at 6 a. m. arrive at George-town by noon. Leave George-town every Tuesday at 1 p. m. and arrive at Cambridge on Wednesday at noon, and arrive at Lewis-town by 8 p. m.
5. From Lewis-town by Broadkiln Landings, George-town, Bridge Branch, North W. F. Bridge and New-Market, to Cambridge, Md. once a week. Leave Lewis-town every Tuesday at 6 a. m. arrive at George-town by noon. Leave George-town every Tuesday at 1 p. m. and arrive at Cambridge on Wednesday at noon, and arrive at Lewis-town by 8 p. m.
6. From Lewis-town by Broadkiln Landings, George-town, Bridge Branch, North W. F. Bridge and New-Market, to Cambridge, Md. once a week. Leave Lewis-town every Tuesday at 6 a. m. arrive at George-town by noon. Leave George-town every Tuesday at 1 p. m. and arrive at Cambridge on Wednesday at noon, and arrive at Lewis-town by 8 p. m.
7. From Centreville to Easton twice a week. Leave Centreville every Wednesday and Saturday at noon, and arrive at Easton by 6 p. m.— Returning —Leave Easton every Tuesday and Friday at 7 a. m. arrive at Centreville by 1 p. m. Leave same at 2 p. m. and arrive at Chester-town by 8 p. m.
8. From Annapolis by Queen Ann's and Lower Marlboro' to Washington city, once a week. Leave Annapolis every Monday and Thursday at 6 a. m. and arrive at Washington by 6 p. m. Leave Washington every Monday and Thursday at 6 a. m. arrive at Annapolis by 6 p. m.
9. From Easton by Cambridge, Vienna Salisbury, Snowhill, Princess Ann, Vienna, Salisbury and Cambridge, to Easton, once a week. Leave Easton every Thursday at 5 a. m. arrive at Cambridge by 11 a. m. and arrive at Snowhill on Friday at half past 8 p. m. Leave Snowhill every Saturday at 6 a. m.
and arrive at Easton on Monday by 6 p. m.
10. From Hartfod to Bell-Air once a week. Leave Bell-Air every Tuesday at 7 a. m. arrive at Hartfod by 9 a. m. Leave Hartfod at 11 a. m. and arrive at Bell-Air at 1 p. m.
11. From Baltimore by Liberty-town to Frederick-town, and from thence by New-Market to Baltimore, twice a week. Leave Baltimore every Thursday and Saturday at 6 a. m. arrive at Frederick-town by 6 p. m. Leave Frederick-town every Friday and Sunday at 6 a. m. arrive at Baltimore by 7 p. m.
12. From Baltimore by Ellicott's Lower Mills, Brookville, Montgomery c. h. and Charlesburg, to Leesburg, Va. once a week. Leave Leesburg every Thursday at 6 a. m. arrive at Baltimore on Friday at 10 a. m. Leave Baltimore every Friday at 2 p. m. and arrive at Leesburg on Saturday by 6 p. m.
13. From Baltimore to Annapolis three times a week. Leave Baltimore every Monday, Wednesday and Friday at 8 a. m. and arrive at Annapolis same days by 5 p. m.— Returning —Leave Annapolis every Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday, at 8 a. m. and arrive at Baltimore same days by 5 p. m.
14. From Annapolis by Tracey's Landing, Lower Marlboro', Huntingdon and Calvert c. h. to St. Leonard's, once a week. Leave Annapolis every Tuesday at 6 a. m. arrive at St. Leonard's on Wednesday by 10 a. m. Leave St. Leonard's every Wednesday at 2 p. m. arrive at Lower Marlboro' on Thursday. Leave Lower Marlboro' every Monday at 8 a. m. and arrive at Annapolis by 5 p. m.
15. From Washington city by Unity-town, Hobb-town, Brookville, Howard, Pul. y's mill and Wright's mill, to Taneyton, once a week. Leave Washington every Wednesday at 6 a. m. and arrive at Taneyton by 6 p. m. on Thursday. Leave Taneyton every Friday at 6 a. m. and arrive at Washington on Saturday by 6 p. m.
16. From Washington city by George-town, Montgomery c. h. and Clark'sboro' to Frederick-town, three times a week. Leave Washington every Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday, at 4 a. m. arrive at Frederick-town same days by 6 p. m.— Returning —Leave Frederick-town every Monday, Wednesday and Friday, at 4 a. m. and arrive at Washington same days by 6 p. m.
17. From Frederick-town by Woodfboro', Taneyton, Peterham, Pa. and Hanover to York, Pa. once a week. Leave Frederick-town every Monday at 6 a. m. arrive at York by 6 p. m.— Returning —Leave York every Tuesday at 6 a. m. arrive at Frederick-town same day by 6 p. m.
18. From Frederick-town by Middle-town, Boonesboro', Hager's-town and Green-Castle, to Chambersburg, Pa. twice a week. Leave Frederick-town every Sunday and Friday at 4 a. m. arrive at Hager's-town by 11 a. m. Leave Hager's-town at half past 11, and arrive at Chambersburg same days by 7 p. m.— Returning —Leave Chambersburg every Monday and Friday at 11 p. m. arrive at Hager's-town on Tuesday and Saturday at half past 12 p. m. Leave Hager's-town at 1 p. m. and arrive at Frederick-town same days by 8 p. m.
19. From Hager's-town by Hancock, Berkly Springs, and Old-town, to Cumberland, once a week. Leave Hager's-town every Tuesday at 2 p. m. arrive at Cumberland on Thursday by 2 p. m.—Leave Cumberland every Saturday at 8 p. m. arrive at Hager's-town on Tuesday at 10 a. m.
20. From Frederick-town by New-town, Harper's ferry, Charles-town and Shepherd's-town, to Martinsburg, Va. once a week. Leave Frederick-town every Wednesday at 8 a. m. arrive at Charles-town by 5 p. m. Leave Charles-town every Wednesday at 6 p. m. arrive at Martinsburg on Thursday at 9 a. m. Leave Martinsburg every Thursday at noon, arrive at Harper's ferry by 8 p. m. Leave Harper's ferry on Tuesday at 9 a. m. arrive at Frederick-town by 6 p. m.
21. From Frederick-town to Leesburg once a week. Leave Frederick-town every Friday at noon, arrive at Leesburg by 8 p. m. Leave Leesburg every Thursday at 8 p. m. arrive at Frederick-town on Friday by 11 a. m.
22. From Washington city by Piscataway, Port-Tobacco, Allen's Creek, Newport, Chaptico, Leonard-town, Great Mill and St. Inigoes, to the Ridge.—Leave Washington every Monday and Friday at 7 a. m. and arrive at Port-Tobacco by 5 p. m. Leave Port-Tobacco every Tuesday at 4 a. m. arrive at Leonard-town by 4 p. m. Leave Leonard-town at half past 4 p. m. and arrive at the Ridge on Wednesday by 4 p. m.— Returning —Leave the Ridge on Thursday at 6 a. m. arrive at Port-Tobacco Friday by 6 p. m. Leave Port-Tobacco on Saturday at 4 a. m. arrive at Washington by 4 p. m.
23. From Piscataway to Alexandria once a week. Leave Piscataway every Saturday at 6 a. m. arrive at Alexandria by 10 a. m. Leave Alexandria every Saturday at 2 p. m. and arrive at Piscataway by 6 p. m.
24. From Washington by Upper Marlboro', Nottingham, Lower Marlboro', Aquasco, Benedict and Charlotte Hall, to Chaptico, once a week. Leave
Washington every Saturday at 3 a. m. and arrive at Chaptico on Sunday by 6 p. m. Leave Chaptico every Monday at 8 a. m. and arrive at Washington on Wednesday by 3 p. m.
IN VIRGINIA.
25. From Hagerstown, Md. by Williamsport, Martinsburg, Winchester, Stevensburg or Newtown, Strasburg, Woodstock, New Market & Harrisonburg to Staunton once a week. Leave Hagerstown every Tuesday at 2 p. m. arrive at Winchester on Wednesday by 10 a. m. Leave Winchester on Friday by 10 a. m. arrive at Staunton on Friday by 10 a. m.— Returning —Leave Staunton every Friday at 2 p. m. and arrive at Hagerstown the next Monday at 10 a. m.
26. From Washington City by George-town to Prospect-hill once a week.—Leave Washington every Tuesday at 9 a. m. and arrive at Prospect-hill by 3 p. m.— Returning —Leave Prospect-hill every Monday at 10 a. m. and arrive at Washington by 5 p. m.
27. From Alexandria by Prospect-hill, Hillboro', Leesburg, Waterford, Charlestown and Battletown to Winchester once a week. Leave Alexandria every Tuesday at 10 a. m. arrive at Prospect-hill by 3 p. m. Leave Prospect-hill at half past 3 p. m. and arrive at Charlestown on Wednesday at 5 p. m. Leave Charlestown at 6 p. m. arrive at Winchester on Thursday by noon.— Returning —Leave Winchester on Saturday 11 a. m. arrive at Charles-town by 6 p. m. Leave Charles-town at 7 p. m. arrive at Prospect-hill on Monday by 9 a. m. and at Alexandria by 4 p. m.
28. From Washington City by Fairfax c. h. Centerville, Middleburg, Goosey, Millwood, Paris, Winchester, Romney and Western-port to Green Clades, once a week 172 miles. Leave Washington City every Friday at 2 p. m. arrive at Fairfax c. h. by 5 p. m. Leave Fairfax c. h. at half past 5 p. m. arrive at Winchester on Sunday by 8 a. m. and at Romney on Monday at 7 a. m. and at Green Clades by 8 p. m.— Returning —Leave Green Clades on Tuesday at 4 a. m. arrive at Romney at 5 p. m. arrive at Winchester on Wednesday by 5 p. m. at Fairfax c. h. on Friday by 5 and a half a. m. Leave Fairfax c. h. at 6 a. m. and arrive at Washington by 9 a. m.
29. From the Green Glades by Clark'sburg to Marietta once a week, 168 miles. Leave the Green Glades every Tuesday at 4 a. m. arrive at Marietta on Friday by 10 a. m. Leave Marietta every Friday at 2 p. m. arrive at the Green Glades the next Monday by 8 p. m.
30. From Romney by Springfield, Frankfort and Cressap'sburg to Cumberland once a week. Leave Romney every Monday at 9 a. m. arrive at Cumberland by 6 p. m. Leave Cumberland every Tuesday at 6 a. m. arrive at Romney at 6 p. m.
31. From Romney to Moorfields once a week, and from thence by Frankfort to Bath c. h. once in two weeks. Leave Romney every Monday at 9 a. m. arrive at Moorfields by 4 p. m. Leave Moorfields every other Monday at 4 p. m. arrive at Bath c. h. on Wednesday by 7 p. m. Leave Bath c. h. every other Thursday at 6 a. m. arrive at Moorfields on Saturday by 9 a. m. Leave Moorfields every other Saturday and every other Tuesday at 9 a. m. arrive at Romney by 7 p. m.
32. From Alexandria by Fairfax c. h. Centerville, Hay Market, Buckland, Fauquier c. h. and Jefferson-ton to Culpeper c. h. once a week. Leave Alexandria every Friday at 2 p. m. arrive at Fairfax c. h. by 5 p. m. Leave Fairfax c. h. at half past 5 p. m. arrive at Culpeper the next Monday at 10 a. m.— Returning —Leave Culpeper c. h. every Monday at 2 p. m. arrive at Fairfax c. h. the next Friday by 5 and half a. m. Leave Fairfax c. h. at 6 a. m. arrive at Alexandria by 9 a. m.
33. From Centerville to Leesburg once a week. Leave Centerville every Saturday at 6 a. m. arrive at Leesburg by 11 a. m.— Returning —Leave Leesburg every Saturday at 1 p. m. arrive at Centerville by 6 p. m.
34. From Fredericksburg by Steven'sburg and Culpeper c. h. to Madison c. h. Orange c. h. Culpeper and Steven'sburg to Fredericksburg once a week. Leave Fredericksburg every Tuesday at 10 a. m. arrive at Culpeper c. h. on Wednesday by 11 a. m. Leave Culpeper c. h. at noon, arrive at Madison c. h. by 2 p. m.— Returning —Leave Madison c. h. every Sunday at 3 p. m. arrive at Fredericksburg on Tuesday by 6 a. m.
35. From Fredericksburg by Orange c. h. and Milton to Charlottesville twice a week. Leave Fredericksburg every Wednesday and Saturday at 6 p. m. arrive at Charlottesville on Friday and Monday by 10 a. m.— Returning —Leave Charlottesville every Monday and Friday at 2 p. m. arrive at Fredericksburg on Tuesday and Saturday by 9 p. m.
36. From Charlottesville by New-York, Staunton, Middlebrook, Brown'sburg, Lexington, Natural Bridge, Fincastle, Montgomery c. h. and New-Dublin to Wythe c. h. once a week. Leave Charlottesville every Friday by 2 p. m.
arrive at Wythe c. h. the next Monday 8 p. m. Leave Wythe c. h. every Tuesday at 4 a. m. and arrive at Charlottesville next Friday by 10 a. m.
37. From Wythe c. h. by Abingdon, Sullivan c. h. Rossville, Hawkins c. h. Orefville and Rutledge to Knoxville once a week. Leave Wythe c. h. every Tuesday at 4 a. m. arrive at Knoxville next Friday by 10 a. m. Leave Knoxville every Friday at 2 p. m. arrive at Wythe c. h. the next Monday by 8 p. m.
38. From Staunton by Kinkaid's, Warm Springs or Bath c. h. Morris's, Callaghan's and Sulphur Springs to Lewisburg and from thence by Union-town & the Sweet Springs, Callaghan's, and the same route from thence to Staunton once a week. Leave Staunton every Saturday at 11 a. m. arrive at Lewisburg on Monday by 10 p. m. Leave Lewisburg every Tuesday at 6 a. m. and arrive at Staunton the next Saturday at 8 a. m.
39. From Lewisburg by Bowyers Huffs and Morris's to Kanawha c. h. once in two weeks. Leave Lewisburg every other Tuesday at 6 a. m. arrive at Kanawha c. h. on Thursday at 4 p. m. Leave Kanawha c. h. every other Friday at 6 a. m. arrive at Lewisburg next Monday by 6 p. m.
40. From Fredericksburg by Thornburg, Cileburg, Chesterfield c. h. Oxford, Crewstere, Goochland c. h. Columbia, Yanceyville, Louisa c. h. Hyde's old Store, and Spottsylvania c. h. to Fredericksburg once a week, to pass from Fredericksburg alternately by Spottsylvania c. h. and by Thornburg. Leave Fredericksburg every Tuesday at 11 a. m. and arrive at Goochland c. h. on Thursday by 6 p. m. Leave Goochland c. h. every Friday at 6 a. m. arrive at Fredericksburg the next Tuesday by 7 a. m.
41. From Fredericksburg by Port-Royal, Layton's, Lloyd's, Tappahannock, Urbanna, Shackelford's and Gloucester c. h. to York-town once a week. Leave Fredericksburg every Wednesday at 2 p. m. arrive at Tappahannock on Thursday at 6 p. m. Leave Tappahannock at 7 p. m. arrive at York-town on Saturday by 6 p. m.— Returning —Leave York-town every Saturday at 6 p. m. arrive at Tappahannock on Monday by 7 p. m. Leave Tappahannock at 8 p. m. arrive at Fredericksburg on Wednesday by 10 a. m.
42. From Fredericksburg by King George c. h. Broadfield, Mattox Bridge, Leeds-town, Templeman's Cross Roads, Richmond c. h. earthen, Kinsale, and N. Cumberland c. h. to Lancaster c. h. once a week. Leave Fredericksburg every Wednesday at 2 p. m. arrive at Lancaster c. h. the next Saturday by 6 p. m.— Returning —Leave Lancaster c. h. every Saturday at 10 p. m. and arrive at Fredericksburg the next Wednesday by 10 a. m.
43. From Richmond by Goochland c. h. and Columbia to Charlottesville once a week. Leave Richmond every Wednesday noon and arrive at Charlottesville on Friday by 10 a. m. Leave Charlottesville every Friday at 2 p. m. arrive at Richmond on Monday at 6 a. m.
44. From Charlottesville by Warren, Warminster, New-Market, New-Glasgow and Madison to Lynchburg once a week. Leave Charlottesville every Friday at 2 p. m. arrive at Lynchburg on Monday by 5 p. m. Leave Lynchburg every Wednesday noon, arrive at Charlottesville on Friday by 10 a. m.
45. From Richmond by Hopkins' Powhatan c. h. Carterville, New-Canton, Buckingham c. h. Bent Creek, Lynchburg, New-London and Liberty to Fincastle once a week. Leave Richmond every Wednesday at noon, arrive at Powhatan c. h. on Thursday at 9 a. m. arrive at Fincastle the next Saturday by 6 a. m.— Returning —Leave Fincastle every Saturday at 10 p. m. arrive at Powhatan c. h. the next Tuesday by 3 p. m. Leave Powhatan c. h. at 4 p. m. and arrive at Richmond on Wednesday by 10 a. m.
46. From Liberty by Rocky Mount to Henry c. h. once a week. Leave Liberty every Saturday at 1 p. m. arrive at Henry c. h. on Sunday by 6 p. m. Leave Henry c. h. every Friday at 6 a. m. arrive at Liberty on Saturday by 11 a. m.
47. From Powhatan c. h. by Cumberland c. h. Ca Ira, Farmville, Prince Edward c. h. and Charlotte c. h. to Halifax c. h. once a week. Leave Powhatan c. h. every Thursday at 10 a. m. arrive at Halifax c. h. on Saturday by 4 p. m. Leave Halifax c. h. every Saturday at 10 p. m. arrive at Powhatan the next Tuesday by 1 p. m.
48. From Halifax c. h. by Halifax old town, Pittsylvania c. h. Peytonburg, Henry c. h. Patrick c. h. Bishop's Furnace, N. C. to Germanton, N. C. once a week. Leave Halifax c. h. every Saturday at 10 p. m. arrive at Germanton the next Wednesday by 10 a. m. Leave Germanton every Wednesday at 2 p. m. arrive at Halifax the next Saturday by 8 p. m.
49. From Halifax c. h. to Danville once a week. Leave Danville every Saturday at 6 a. m. arrive at Halifax c. h. by 4 p. m. Leave Halifax c. h. every Saturday at 8 p. m. arrive at Danville on Sunday by 6 p. m.
(To be Continued.)
FOR SALE
THAT elegant house on the corner of the in George Town, in Pison.
LIK
THE two well furnished HOUSES, adjoining Samuel H. SMITH, Gylvania Avenue, call House, City of Wash
Geo. Town, Oct. 20.
TO
After the last day
THE HOUSE
BULLDS, fruar seven Building—it is dwelling, it being a co high—ALSO, a good well included garden. For terms, apply to Subscriber,
Nov. 17.
HENRY
Has imported in the
Brutus, from Li
fers for Sale at
Jersey Avenue, C
Washington—
Ironmongery, Cutlery & Liverpool Earth
A few Phantoms, R graces of neat patterns—and wire fenders, hand-cinder sifters, knives and chiseling dishes, crust brushes, spades and shovel and cross cut saws, c tools' stone cutters ch bangers, locks, hinges, of various qualities, an articles.
Oct. 22d.
FOR S
Stack and Com Scantling, Firewood, Slate, Coals.
Apply to JAMES O' B
Oct. 22
City H
BROADWAY
THE Subscriber most
his friends and the
Hotel—
to be opened on
opening, when their patron
cited. He avails himself
to return his sincere and
those societies, parties, a
have given him their
them that a continuance
be a stimulus to future c
and that the utmost atte
for their comfort and acc
Boarding may be had
month, or year. Familie
elegantly accommodated w
ing rooms; and, if pref
&c. in their apartments.
The Hotel being so well
useful to day, that it is
most healthy and pleasa
commanding as extensive
rection, not only of the
the Narrows, the North
state of New-Jersey, York
&c. &c.
A handsome coffee-room
in the principal story; wh
have tea, coffee, chocola
freshments in general, at
All the leading newspapers
be regularly taken in.
Public dinners and sepp
elegant style either for larg
Allo, beef steaks, oysters, r
nished. An ordinary every
2 o'clock, by the public's of
JOHN
N. B. Rooms to let by th
April 21, 1802.
The George Town a
STAG
WILL commence on th
October next to run th
leave Annapolis every Mon
and Friday, and return fro
every Tuesday, Thursday,
Fare and allowance as usual.
JOSEPH
JOHN
This is intended to accom
lemen and ladies as are go
Frederick and Hager's-Town
October 11th, 1802.
The Subscriber has
London particular
Wine, in pipes and quarter ca
Rum in hds. and barrels; a
excellent quality; and 55 bbls
Washington, Nov. 12.
Members of Cong
vellars, and those gentleme
nel's call them to the City of
are respectfully informed