The national intelligencer and Washington advertiser. (Washington City [D.C.]), 1804-01-25 00:00:00

NATIONAL INTELLIGENCER,
AND WASHINGTON ADVERTISER.
VOL. IV.
WASHINGTON CITY, PRINTED BY SAMUEL HARRISON SMITH, PENNSYLVANIA AVENUE.
No. DIX.
FIVE DOLLS. PER ANN.
WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 25th, 1804.
PAID IN ADVANCE.
CONGRESS.
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES.
FRIDAY, January 6:
Debate on Mr. Randolph's motion for the appointment of a committee of enquiry into the official conduct of SAMUEL CHASE.
(Concluded.)
Mr. HOLLAND. When I before addressed the House on this subject, I had no doubt of the charge being sufficiently explicit to found an enquiry into the conduct of the judges. My only doubt was whether it was proper to proceed without affidavit. Since yesterday I have reflected on the course pursued in similar cases; and I will state to the House the proceedings adopted in two or three cases in the legislature of which I was a member. In the year 1796 a charge was preferred against certain judges of the state of North Carolina for illegally extending their power. A committee was appointed to inquire into their conduct; the result of the enquiry was, that the judges had expelled certain persons from the state. The proceedings did not go so far as an impeachment; for the judges wrote an explanatory letter, which gave satisfaction, and they were acquitted with honor. The other charge, to which I have alluded, was against the board of army accounts; that also was referred to a committee. The last case is the most recent. A suspicion existed that the Secretary of State had been guilty of misconduct. A letter had been received by the governor from some citizens to that effect; in consequence of which, and of other corroborating circumstances, the legislature appointed a committee of enquiry, of which I had the honor to be a member. That committee was empowered to send for persons and papers. There was no specific charge, but an impeachment was contemplated if the officer should appear to be guilty. The Secretary was brought before the committee, who examined him on oath, and reported the existence of frauds much more extensive than had been imagined; in consequence of which the land office was shut up, and the secretary notified that articles of impeachment would be exhibited against him. But the late period of the session not then admitting of a trial, it was postponed to the next General Assembly. At the succeeding Assembly the officer resigned and superintended the necessity for an impeachment. He was afterwards indicted at common law. The precedents, drawn from the proceedings of the legislature of the state which I have the honor to represent, induce me to think that the course proposed is proper, and I shall accordingly vote for the appointment of a committee of enquiry.
Mr. DENNIS. He did not rise for the purpose of entering into an investigation of the merits of the question, but principally for the purpose of stating in a few words, what appeared to be the difference between the friends and the opponents of the resolution. He had never experienced on any occasion a stronger conflict between inclination and duty than in the present instance. On the one hand he was confident that after the official conduct of the judges had been thus publicly implicated, it must be desirable to them that an investigation of the facts charged against them should take place, and it seemed to be a duty due to those gentlemen, that they should have an opportunity of being confronted with their accusers. On the other hand we owe to the laws and constitution as well as to those considerations, which must always govern in the establishment of important precedents, a paramount duty, which appeared in this case irreconcilable with the indulgence of individual considerations. The true difference between the advocates and the opponents of the resolution appeared to be this—That the one thought it a proper proceeding to raise an inquisitorial committee, without any definite or assignable object, and without stating in the resolution any specific charge. The other did not demand, as it had been supposed, the production of all the evidence, in the outset of the proceeding, which might be necessary in the ulterior stages of the resolution, nor that precise and technical specification of the charges, which might be proper in articles of impeachment; but only required, that some fact should be stated, or charge alleged, as the basis on which to erect a committee. He believed to create a
committee by resolution, with general inquisitorial powers, without specifying any charge or stating any reason in the resolution for the proceedings, was without precedent, and might become an engine of oppression. In order to satisfy the friends of the resolution on that point, he did not wish to avoid that investigation which might be founded on proper principles, and which he believed after what has been said, is rather courted than avoided by the judges in question, he would beg leave to read in his place the form of a resolution such as he supposed ought to be the groundwork of a proceeding like this.
"Where is information hath been given to the House, by one of its members, that in a certain prosecution for treason, on the part of the United States, against a certain John Fries, pending in the circuit court of the United States in the State of Pennsylvania, Samuel Chase, one of the associate justices of the supreme court of the United States, and Richard Peters, district judge for the district of Pennsylvania, by whom the said circuit court was then held, did inform the counsel for the prisoner, that, as the court had formed their opinion upon the point of law, and would direct the jury thereupon, the counsel for the prisoner must confine themselves to the question of fact only: And whereas, it is represented, that in consequence of such determination of the court, the counsel did refuse to address the jury on the question of fact,—and the said John Fries was found guilty of treason, and sentenced by the court to the punishment, in such case, by the laws of the United States, provided,—and was pardoned by the President of the United States."
"He said, he read this by way of argument to shew the present resolution ought to be rejected, and though he would not pledge himself, to offer it himself, in case the resolution before them should be rejected, yet he would pledge himself to vote for such an one, if the gentleman from Virginia or any other member would make it. The resolution which has been read, embraces all the facts stated by the gentleman from Pennsylvania, which contains the only charge which is exhibited. But if any gentlemen possess a knowledge of any other facts or charges, let him specify them and he would be willing to vote for an extension of the powers of the committee to them also; for he did not wish to confine the enquiry to the specific charge stated by the gentleman from Pennsylvania, if other gentlemen had charges to exhibit, and would state them in the resolution. If they would specify a charge or charges of a serious nature, and give us any reason to believe them true, although originating from hearsay evidence, he would vote for the enquiry proposed—and he begged that he should be understood as objecting rather on the ground that no charge had been specified than on the ground of incompetent evidence. The vague charges verbally communicated by the gentleman from Pennsylvania, and none of which are reduced to writing, give us no grounds of procedure; not only because, if true, they constitute no cause for impeachment, but because they are not specified in the resolution."
Saturday, January 7th, 1804.
Mr. J. RANDOLPH expressed his regret that the attempt which he made yesterday, to reply to the very personal allusions of a gentleman from Connecticut (Mr. Gailwold) whom he was sorry not to see in his place had, by the adjournment, proved abortive. Such was his regard for the opinions of the House, that he should always, when called upon from a respectable quarter, justify any conduct which he deemed it proper to pursue in its deliberations. He felt it due to the respect in which he held the chair and those around it, to reply to the remarks made by the gentleman from Connecticut—and this consideration alone could have induced him to offer anything, in addition to what he had already advanced, in favor of his motion. He should, otherwise, have left the resolution to its fate. In that case he did not feel himself personally implicated. If it should be rejected, he would be satisfied in having done his duty, and the House, he supposed, would feel equally satisfied with having discharged theirs. It was asked, where was the mover of this resolution at the time when the alleged misconduct took place? Did it not, said the gentleman, pass under their own eyes? Were not their deliberations then held on the very spot—and why had the motion slept until
this day? He hoped he should be permitted to say, that it did not pass under his eye—although he knew, at the time, of the condemnation in question, he did not become acquainted with the circumstances, under which it took place, until long after their occurrence. It was true that the deliberations of Congress were then held in Philadelphia, the scene of this alleged iniquity, but, with other members, he was employed in discharging his duties to his constituents;—not in witnessing, in any court, the triumph of his principles. He could not have been so employed. It would be recollected, that the information given by the gentleman from Pennsylvania formed the ground work of his proceedings, and he asked, whether it was more the duty of the mover of the resolution to have brought it forward than of every other member of the House, who was a witness of the statement made by that gentleman. This information, of an official nature,—given by a member in his place,—of a transaction in open court,—and which it was the duty of them all to have noticed,—had been called a story related, on hearsay,—a rumour of an affair which had happened in a corner. And the House was asked, if they would take such evidence as ground of proceeding, on the dictum of any one member, however great their confidence in him might be? If he really felt that respect for the House which the gentleman from Connecticut had professed, he would not have insulted their understandings by such language. He would not have stood up as amicus curiae , to prevent their being precipitated into absurdity and injustice by an influential member of their body. That however was the reason which the gentleman had assigned, and he hoped the duties of it would be discharged with the fidelity which they required. After clothing himself with this character, Mr. R. said, he expected to have seen him at his post—he regretted that he did not see him there, and that his duty did not permit him to withhold the observation which he was compelled to make. Whilst however the gentleman was engaged in discharging the new and important function with which he stood self-invested, he seemed cautious of replying to the masterly statement of his venerable friend from Pennsylvania,—and which he believed had remained unanswered, because it was unanswerable. It must, said Mr. R. be a subject of high gratification to us all and I congratulate the House upon it, that age has not yet dimmed the lustre of those talents which have so long presided in the councils of this country. And if the time shall come when we are to resign our understandings and place ourselves under the direction of an individual, I hope to be permitted to range myself under the banners of that tried patriot, and not under those of the gentleman from Connecticut. In the same spirit with which he challenged the confidence of the House, as a friend unwilling to see them led into error and absurdity, that gentleman had endeavored to alarm their pride, by representing the motion as a demand made upon them. It was so—it was (if he might so express it) a writ of right and not of favor—as such he demanded it—as such he urged it.—But an objection was taken that no act of misconduct had been alleged. With his friend from Maryland he would say, that a fact of the first importance had been adduced, on which he was sorry his friend had not dwelt longer. It could not receive too much attention. On a trial for life and death the jury, who were the constitutional judges, both of the law and fact, were deprived of the right of a discussion of the point of law, "what constituted treason?" The rights of the jury and of the accused were equally invaded. It was a conduct not dissimilar to this, in a case of libel, which drew forth, from the English parliament, the famous declaratory bill of Mr. Fox. Lord Mansfield had laid down the doctrine, that the jury had a right to decide, only upon the bare facts of printing and publishing, and not upon the question of guilt which was compounded of the law and the fact. This produced the declaratory act which passed a strong censure on the practices of courts—since it did not amend, or alter the law, but declared what the law was, and established the point resisted by the court, that the jury was the judge both of the fact and of the law. If then, on a question of criminal law, where the punishment was only fine and imprisonment, the conduct of a judge was deemed highly reprehensible in encroaching upon the rights of the jury, what shall we say of him who usurps those rights in a case of life
and death—in a case of treason? This denial to the prisoner and the jury of the right of having the point of law discussed, seemed to be the first step towards assuming those powers in cases of treason, the exercise of which, in case of libel, had drawn down upon the English courts the censure of their parliament. Would the gentleman say this was nothing? Would he affirm that if a man were under trial for murder, the court would be justified in saying to his counsel,—you may, if you can, disprove the fact with which the prisoner stands charged, but you shall not endeavour to shew that it does not amount to the crime with which he stands charged? If you admit the killing, you shall not argue the point that fact killing does not amount to murder. Would the gentleman pretend that treason is better entitled than murder. What is murder? Killing with malice aforethought—on any deliberate plan? What is burglary?—breaking in during the night. What is treason? The constitution defines it; levying war against the United States, adhering to their enemies, giving them aid and comfort. But what had deflections to do with the case. Because murder was defined, had counsel ever been stopped in an attempt to shew that the killing with which their client stood charged, was not a killing with premeditated malice,—a killing which constituted murder. What was more common than to see the facts admitted, and the crime not only denied, but disproved to the satisfaction of the jury—and upon what principle shall counsel be arrested in the attempt to shew that the facts charged in an indictment for treason do not amount to such a levying of war, or an adherence or aid to such enemies, as would constitute treason.—Mr. Randolph said, that the fact mentioned by the gentleman from Pennsylvania was of a remarkable nature. He had never heard of a similar proceeding, and he rejoiced that another instance of so black a nature could not probably be furnished by any tribunal in this country.
The gentleman from Maryland (Mr. Dennis) however, had entirely abandoned the ground taken by his friend. He agreed that there is a charge of an important nature exhibited, and if it was incorporated into the resolution, and the enquiry confined to that subject only, he would vote for it. The object of the one gentleman was only to confine the enquiry, whilst that of his friend was to deny it altogether. He could not thank the gentleman for his liberality—He would have what he asked, or nothing. He would never consent to confine the enquiry. If it could not be full and free, let it be denied.
The gentleman from Maryland had, with very little dexterity, endeavored to confound the resolution of enquiry with the articles of impeachment which may follow from it, and said that if the House would consent to confine the enquiry to any particular charge he would vote for it. It was true that after articles of impeachment should have been exhibited against the accused, the House would not be permitted to prefer any new accusation, or to adduce testimony to prove any guilt, other than that which was charged in those articles. In the same manner as when a criminal was indicted, evidence would not be suffered to be brought forward to prove any act of criminality not contained in some one of the counts of the indictment. But would gentlemen persist in confounding things so entirely different, as to confound an incipient inquiry by the same rigid rules which would govern a criminal trial. It was trifling with the judgment of the House. The gentleman was eager for enquiry, but the charge must be incorporated into the resolution and the enquiry confined to a specific point, before he could be brought to consent to it. Whatever other misdemeanors might come to the knowledge of the committee, in the course of the investigation, he would not agree to have them reported to the House—and at the same time he told them of the struggle between his inclination and his sense of duty. His inclination as a friend of the accused to grant the enquiry—his duty as a member of the House and a friend of justice to refuse it. Mr. R. was sorry to find the gentleman in this awkward predicament. He regretted that it was out of his power to gratify him by withdrawing the enquiry. This, his duty would not suffer him to do. He hoped, however, the strength of the gentleman's constitution would carry him through the arduous struggle in which he was involved, by his wishes on the one hand, and his principles on the other.
Whilst so much was said on the sub-
ject of precedent, he hoped he might offer a few cases to their consideration. He did not come to the House armed with precedents. Neither his health nor leisure permitted him to search for them. Gentlemen of greater industry, and who attached more importance to them than himself, had furnished him with them. For his part, he thought precedents had nothing to do with the case, but for the sake of those who thought differently, he would shew that the court which he advocated was not delinquent even of their support. Here Mr. Randolph referred to Mr. Hatfield's precedents. "On the 21st April, 1626, Mr. Greville from the select committee appointed to consider of the charges against the Duke of Buckingham, reports, that they desire the House will resolve, whether common fame is a ground for this House to proceed upon?" It is resolved to consider this the next day, and precedents to be produced. After a long debate the House resolve "that common fame is good ground of proceeding of this House, either to enquire of here, or to transmit the complaint, if the House find cause, to the King or Lords."
Mr. Randolph begged to call the attention of the House to the opinion of a gentleman, delivered during this debate, to which he must be permitted to attach more importance than to that of the gentleman from Connecticut. When he mentioned the name of Selden, he believed he should find and justified in the opinion of the gentleman himself, and in that of his warmest admirers.—"These cases (said Mr. Selden) are to be ruled by the law of parliament and not by the common or civil law."—Mr. Littleton says, "This is not a House for definitive judgment but for information, denunciation, or presentment, for which common fame is sufficient."—Mr. Noy says, "There are two questions—1st. Whether a common fame?—2d. Whether this fame be true. We will not transmit without the first enquiry; but without the second we may, for peradventure we cannot come by the witnesses; as if the witnesses be in the Lords House."
Again, "on the 16th October, 1667, the House being informed "That there have been some innovations of late in the trials of men for their lives and deaths, and in some particular cases restraints have been put upon juries, the matter is referred to a committee." This case (Mr. R. said) was precisely in point. "On the 18th of November, this committee are empowered "to receive information against the Lord chief justice Keeling, for any other misdemeanors besides those concerning juries." Thus on a particular fact, innovation in trials for life and death, a committee was raised, and yet they were not confined to the examination of that single charge, but empowered to enquire generally into the misconduct of the judge. A stronger, or more pointed precedent could not be conceived.
By the constitution, Mr. Randolph said, that House was vested with the sole power of impeachment. How this power was to be exercised must depend on their discretion, and on no other law, or principle whatever. For "these cases are not to be ruled by the common or civil law, but by the law of parliament." That law of parliament remained with them to establish. It could not be matter of surprise that one of the leading principles of whose politics it was to support the weight of that branch of the government, and to be jealous of executive influence—could not surprise any one, that he should exert himself in behalf of the constitutional rights of that House. When he saw the importance which was attached to precedents, he was more than ever solicitous for that, which they were then about to establish. He trusted that they would not consent to abridge the power with which the constitution had invested them—to reduce it below the standard which the English House of Commons had fixed as the measure of their own power in similar cases. A time might come when a wicked President and his flagitious ministers might so conduct themselves in office, as to make every man regret the proceedings of that day, in case they should suffer their power to sleep. The refusing to exercise it, then, would hereafter be adduced as a denial of its existence. Such might be the circumstances of the times, that no private man would dare to step forward with a specific charge against the executive. If they should deny an enquiry without a specific charge, they would do all in their power to lessen such a President and such ministers at a future day. It had been remarked that, in

this government, an officer found guilty, on an impeachment, could not be punished capitally. The sentence could only remove him from office and disqualify him, for ever after, from holding one under the United States. If in a country where the accused may be brought to the block, free, unlettered inquiry is warranted against any rank however exalted—would it be denied here where the punishment was comparatively light? Should they hold the other departments of the government more inviolable than they were considered even in England. Would they afford to a criminal executive, or judiciary, a shelter denied by the laws of that government? He hoped they would not. He trusted that they would give an example of their readiness to bring every offender to justice however great might be his station.
(To be continued.)
To the Editor of the National Intelligencer.
Although your paper is much taken up with the proceedings and debates of Congress and other important matters, I have, by way of variety, sent you an essay, which may perhaps afford some amusement to your readers. It was published in the year 1791, in a Virginia newspaper and appears to have been consigned to oblivion with the fugitive productions of the day—from this fate it may be rescued for a time by finding a place in your paper.
I shall not undertake to determine, whether the author was in earnest in his opinions, or whether a strain of serious irony was intended. I had, indeed, adopted the latter opinion, but I have since been informed that gentlemen eminent for their medical and scientific attainments have seriously advocated the system, and have anticipated from it consequences more surprising than any which are treated upon in this publication.
The political remarks which it contains cannot of course be supposed to have any reference to our present situation.
A CORRESPONDENT.
January 1804.
On reading in a late paper the miraculous effects which had been produced by a transfusion of blood, I was led into a train of reflections on the subject; and, suffering my imagination to take the lead, I was ruminating on the consequences which such a plan, if practicable, might produce, and considering how far the discovery would be useful to society, and deserving of encouragement.
I believe it may be considered as a fact that the operation of transfusion has been performed, and that it has produced such physical consequences as might have been expected and as might easily be accounted for. Thus we are told that the animals appear nearly deprived of life when the quantity of blood to be transfused is drawn off, and that by its restoration, they are in a short time revived and able to perform their ordinary functions.
The blood is, in scripture, emphatically styled the soul of the animal, and it is certain that our existence, as it depends on its circulation must in some measure depend on its quality and consistence. The circulation of the blood it seems was but imperfectly understood by the ancients, and even at this time there are many points that must rest on conjecture. It is carried on in a circle to which we can find no beginning, and it is therefore probable that in treating of it the cause and effect may be frequently confounded. Hence, we observe that, by some, not only the motion, but the consistence, the cohesion and the globular figure of the blood are attributed to the force and action of the vessels, while by others, the vessels themselves are supposed to derive their spring and force from the blood circulating through them; and a number of different views have been adopted on those different principles. We know that one great component part of the blood is the chyle, separated from the food and conveyed by the vena cava to the heart, from whence it again issues, and, in its passage through the lungs is acted on by the air, which is thought to occasion its colour, and the globular form of its particles; but there are many other facts which must have a considerable share in determining its nature and properties. Among these the animal spirits or the operation of the nervous system are perhaps, the least understood; and until our knowledge on that head is encreased, we shall be unable to account for the immediate impulse that is communicated to the mechanical part of our system, by the ideas of the mind formed in what we denominate the will, and for many others of the most curious operations of nature. That the circulation is variously affected by these causes, no man can doubt. The act of blushing and many others in which it is increased convince us that the effect is produced as quick as thought—whether by the action of the spirits as a liquid or by the nerves acting mechanically as
cheeks has been long the subject of controversy. It will suit me best at present to adopt the former hypothesis, and to conclude, that the quality of the blood must have a considerable effect on the solids and therefore on the whole constitution, and that the quality and nature of the blood are determined by the supplies from the animal spirits, from which it will appear, that a good head piece is of more extensive utility than it has hitherto been thought to be, as contributing to the health of the possessor, as well as benefiting him in respect of mental acquisitions. We find that Sterne, who certainly understood human nature, undertook to judge of a lady's temper and disposition by only feeling her pulse.—If, says he, "it is the same blood, which comes from the heart, which descends to the extremities, you must have one of the best pulses in the world—and on being permitted to feel it, he observed that it beats with all the benignity which he expected." When we consider blood in this important light, we shall be able to account for the value that has been set on it by those families who could boast of a noble running pure and uncorrupted through the veins of their ancestors for many centuries, and for their aversion to its being mixed (unless upon urgent occasions) with the vulgar and plebeian kind. We shall no longer wonder at the kings of Scotland and the princes and other great men among the Germans, preferring this to all other advantages and guarding it with such a jealous attention. And altho' of late years, familiarity has been getting out of fashion, it has been well observed, by those who possessed it, that we ought to take at least as much care of our own breed as of that of horses, dogs and other animals. We observe in them that the greatest care and attention is paid to their pedigree amongst us, horses are emphatically called blooded, who have preserved that noble fluid uncontaminated by any crossing of the strain; Which (as it is sometimes unavoidable, and sometimes done thro' choice) is pointed out by describing the animal as possessed of seven eighths, fifteen sixteenths, or whatever the quantity may be of the right sort. Our game cocks, hounds, pointers, &c. are considered in the same manner, and may, by proper connections, be meliorated or depreciated in their breed at the pleasure of the owner.—There is no doubt that a diversity of character is produced in the human race by those means, or (to speak more to my present purpose) by a mixture of blood, and it is proper that it should be so, as it tends to put mankind more on a level. These mixtures, or rather their consequences must be curious to a contemplative mind, and are described in a lively manner by lady Montague in one of her letters—speaking of the collection of strangers from all parts of the universe settled in the suburbs of Pera, Jophana and Galia, she observes, "They have so often intermarried that they form several races of people the oddest imaginable. There is not one single family of natives that can value itself on being united. You frequently see a person whose father was born a Grecian, the mother an Italian, the grandfather a Frenchman, the grandmother an American, and their ancestors English, Dutch, &c. This mixture produces creatures more extraordinary than you can imagine, nor could I ever doubt but that there were several species of men, since, the white, the woolly and the long-haired blacks, the small-eyed Tartars, the beardless Brazilians, and (to say no more) the oily-skinned Nava-Zembi have as specific differences under the same general kind, as greyhounds, mastiffs, spaniels, bull-dogs, or the whole race of my little diana, if nobody is offended at the comparison.—Now as the various intermixing of these latter animals causes mungrels, so mankind have their mungrels too, divided and subdivided into endless sorts. We have daily proofs of it here, as I told you before. In the same animal is often remarked the Greek perfidiousness, the Italian dissidence, the Spanish arrogance, the French loquacity, and all of a sudden he is seized with a fit of English thoughtfulness, bordering a little upon dulness, which many of us have inherited from the stupidity of our Saxon progenitors."
There mixtures are the more necessary, if we credit a position, which is generally admitted to be true—that it is the tendency of every species to degenerate if confined in these respects; and the Jews are given as an instance. It may be true as to them, but we are to suppose that the reverse obtains as to noble blood, which, though it can hardly be made better, cannot grow worse without some alloy of a baser kind. If then there is this difference in blood, and good blood is so much better than bad, with what propriety can we condemn the cautious pride of our ancestors, or how can we approve the levelling principle of the Americans and their abettor Mr. Paine, who are for destroying the noble crusts of our blood, and by reducing it to an undistinguishable heap, would leave no choice but in quantity.
It has formerly been matter of great apprehension to our blooded heroes when going to battle, that their blood might
be mixed with that of the common rabble—what then must be their feelings when they see it during their lives confounded and mixed, if not in fact, at least in opinion so as to leave both of equal estimation with the world. But though I cannot approve these new fangled doctrines, it would give me pain to condemn my countrymen, and I shall therefore endeavour in some way to account for their conduct.
The Americans, who are certainly encreasing very rapidly in knowledge, must have concluded from the late discoveries in Europe that transfusion would soon be brought to perfection and into general practice, and foreseeing the superiority of that mode, and the facility with which the objects might be attained, they have begun to turn their minds and affections from the other previous to its total abolition. For my own part I should exult in the success of my countrymen, if they should be able to excel the Europeans by improving on their inventions; and although a few years may possibly elapse before the thing is completed and the situation of our finances prevents our great men from holding forth these lucrative incentives to enquiry which are so abundant in Europe, for the prosecution of voyages and discoveries in the different branches of science, yet I feel so strong a presentiment of the practicability and usefulness of transfusion that I must beg permission to anticipate some of the happy effects that must inevitably flow from it—and if these flattering expectations should never be realised, they will at least stand as monuments of my good wishes for the present and future generations.
I ask but a few data to go upon.
First, that the disposition, talents, &c. as well as the bodily health and vigour of the man or animal, depend on the quantity, quality and nature of the blood which (if the reader reflects on the great part which the nerves proceeding thro' the brain, have in making it) must be readily granted.
Secondly, that the make, disposition, talents, &c. of the offspring must depend on the nature of the blood of the parents. And
Thirdly, that the blood being the efficient cause of all these happy effects, if we have it in our bodies, it is no matter how it gets there (as many prudent people think about money in their pockets.)
With the aid of a physician I could establish my third point beyond a controversy.
If we consider the effects of inoculation—the changes which are made in our constitutions by insensible perspiration, and the many different disorders and remedies that are inhaled with the air, we must be convinced that they act equally on the blood, without any material distinction arising from the manner of their getting in.
I shall have no difficulty in demonstrating that it will be most eligible in every respect for a man to obtain by transfusion such a quantity of blood as he may want—to get it of such a quantity as will suit his particular purposes, whether bodily or mental, and to traffic away and dispose of such parts of his own as may be inconvenient or superfluous. To illustrate it by a mercantile figure—This mode will have every advantage over the present, of a ready market where every commodity can be procured, of a good quality, in a sufficient quantity, at a reasonable price, with an immediate delivery, and in a situation to be applied to present use, instead of one where the quantity is small or uncertain, the price exorbitant, the passage and delivery precarious, and the goods at last unfit for use and yielding no profit.
To be more particular.
An industrious man can acquire a large fortune and (as it frequently happens in Europe) wants nothing but a dash of noble blood in his veins.—What is to be done? The usual mode has been to make an alliance with, or (in other words) to sell his daughter to some man of noble blood, with the purport, not of bettering himself (for there was then no method of doing that,) but of giving his posterity a chance for better blood than he could otherwise transmit them. But how great were the inconveniencies and how tedious the process. Admitting the value of the acquisition, the price might be too high, his daughter might be subject to contempt, to disease, beggary, whilst the advantages would be remote and uncertain—and if we reflect on the chemical and galenical process of nature in the transmutation, we shall find the end of his hopes and wishes distant indeed. Whereas, by getting a sufficient quantity of good blood in his own vessels he may transmit it to his posterity at once, and need not cringe to the WILL BOAR for the honor of an alliance.
It would be tedious to enumerate the different situations in which noble blood has been sought after, and the flow and round about methods which have been adopted for obtaining it.—My intention is, to demonstrate the preference that ought to be given to transfusion, and the various purposes of utility, convenience, and pleasure to which it may be applied.
This traffic will open a new door to
adventurers, and as every man will trade upon his own bottom, and carry his merchandise about him; there will be no danger of monopolies or exclusive associations. It will be founded on the true and original principles of commerce: being a barter or exchange to the benefit of both parties, without the necessity of an intervening medium. It will be a commerce, like Shakespeare's description of mercy—blessing him that gives and him that takes—and the immediate perception and enjoyment of the profits arising from the exchange must be a source of the greatest happiness.
A man who, from looking back to his ancestors or the country from whence he came, is desirous of parting with the blood which he has brought with him, will have an opportunity to accommodate himself according to his wishes, either by barter or sale (for money will find its way here as in all other commercial dealings.) Noble blood will then get to its standard value—as much as it will bring—and the owner may find it an intrinsic good instead of an ideal one.
I foresee that there may be some difficulty in ascertaining the quantity on hand, before the market is opened—in order to prevent counterfeits and impostors (because a man cannot part with his good blood and keep it too) the quantities must remain as they are. Tho' indeed there is one way to make it all good—it is by drawing off from those whose blood is of the lowest kind as far as they can bear it, and fill-feeding the nobility in order to encrease the supply of the highest;—but as there is some appearance of cruelty in this mode, and as it would put a stop to the trade, I forbear to recommend it. All men should not be equally gifted or supplied, and it is by our mutual wants that the bond of society is kept up. But with regard to the impositions which I have mentioned, as this may probably become a public concern, there is no doubt that proper offices will be established in the different states to attend to it, and there will be no want of persons to fill them. An odium indeed may be cast upon them at first by saying that they live upon the blood of the people; but they may get over this charge by observing that what they do literally, has been figuratively done, and will continue to be so by most officers of government.
The advantages that I have hitherto mentioned are small, in comparison with what are to follow. As I have premised that the blood affects the disposition, talents, &c. it will readily occur that very extensive dealings will take place on that score. If any man is so candid as to be dissatisfied with his temper or his mental faculties, he may curb the one and amuse the other with the greatest readiness and facility. The old methods of subduing bad tempers by correction and beating in knowledge in a direction the very reverse from the right one will then be exploded.
I have read of short roads to knowledge held out as the title of books that only treated of particular sciences, but how much shorter must this road be, by which the mind is at once qualified to grasp at the most unbounded attainments, and by which every man in tolerable circumstances may acquire that portion of abilities which will best suit his purpose.
I feel myself in some measure left here by reflecting on the train of consequences that may ensue—there is a kind of circle. To begin with knowledge. The man who has any, will know that he wants more.—This will lead him to get money wherewith to buy it. When he gets more, he will (especially if it is professional) make more money from it, and may go on so till he gets his skin full of knowledge, and his chest full of money, and have more of both than he can make use of. But we shall soon get out of this difficulty—I shall not be at the pains to tell how he may get rid of his money; and as to his knowledge, or at least his faculty of acquiring it, it may go out the same way that it got in,—and if he is of a benevolent turn of mind, he will take pleasure in dispensing what will be more valuable than riches.
This mode of contributing to the education of young persons will be far less irksome than the present one; and we may therefore hope to see the profession of a teacher considered in a more respectable point of view than it now is. But to return.
If men will, after this invention is perfected, content themselves with the acquisition of a reasonable quantity of blood of the kind that will be best adapted to their wants, what great advantages may be derived to themselves and to the public. To instance—a blockhead of a fellow, who has the impudence to push himself into the legislature and management enough to persuade the unthinking populace to vote for him, may, by a proper transfusion of blood, get upon his feet when the public business is going on, and make as much noise (and more to the purpose) as he does at the time of his election—nay it is possible that even members of Congress may find their faculties brightened by this invention, and may lay out a part of their allowance to advantage in transfusion. They may then
give for aid, themselves, to the prayers which (with a singular degree of political accuracy) are, since the revision of the prayer book, offered up for persons vested with authority legislative, executive and judicial.
A man who is about to engage in a duel, may very properly prepare himself with blood, suitable to the occasion and finish the business in a decent manner, while another who finds himself quarrelsome, may barter a small quantity with one of a timid disposition, or strike up a bargain with a quaker, and become a peaceable member of society.
In case of an invasion, the militia may be supplied (at the charge of the public) with a sufficient quantity of fighting blood; and if it cannot be otherwise had, a few dops (all that they have left,) may be procured from the old soldier, tho' it is probable they will deal for ready money, having been cheated out of the price of it by the public already.—A miserly fellow, who is obliged to give something like a feast, may purchase an ounce or two of liberal blood to carry him properly through it.—A moral man who wishes to push his fortune in the world, may, (for a proper fee) procure some blood from a lawyer, and forget how to blush.—Some young females may find their advantage in the transfusion from a sober matron, or the more correct blood of a Methodist Preacher.—The coward may at a small expense make himself brave.—The spendthrift by buying a farthingworth of the blood of a miser, may save the remainder of his fortune.—And a fool may learn to purchase wisdom by this happy invention.—In short, I might fill a volume in describing the various wants that might be supplied, and the great advantages that would accrue to the public in all its departments, and to individuals in private life, by a commerce and transfusion of this kind.
The peace and happiness of domestic life will owe much to this invention.—A father, who trembles with apprehension for the conduct of giddy and unthinking girls—and a husband, who feels the tormenting pangs of jealousy, will never think of having recourse to the ordinary methods of watching, confinement or admonition.—They will know that the fault lies in the blood, and instead of making the mind the vehicle of information, they will by transfusing some blood of a cool and moderate kind, reduce the whole system to order and regularity.—There is, perhaps, no other case in which the remedy can apply so immediately to the causes and least of the disorder: Some young ladies have objected to going into Convents, alleging that they had no Nun's flesh about them, (meaning, that their blood was not of that kind,) and the poet must have meant blood instead of stars in these lines:—
"For when weak women go astray, Their blood is more in fault than they."
An old man, who, trusting to some flattering emotions, is about to change his condition, or who, regardless of the consequence, has already committed matrimony, will no doubt avail himself of the blessed effects of transfusion.—Methinks I see him enjoying his resuscitation and hear him singing with Don Diego in the Padlock—
"I feel my blood mounting, Like streams in a fountain, That merrily sparkle and play"
I will not deny but that some objections may be raised here and doubts entertained of the efficacy of the operation. The caution in Scripture with respect to putting new wine into old bottles, will apply rather too forcibly in this case; but it will be better than nothing—and may do for a spirit.
I now come to another great branch of this commerce—I mean the effects it will have on the health of the people, and the short road that it will discover to the cure of diseases. I am well aware, that among the numerous cavillers and framers of objections to any thing new, I shall have to encounter the whole tribe of physicians who may feel some alarm lest the business should be taken out of their hands. But while I am striving to promote the public good, I shall pay no regard to objections founded on party spirit or private interest. It is certain that this operation will make a considerable change in the Materia Medica , and several of the most respectable recipes will be consigned to oblivion. It is agreed by the Faculty that many disorders are occasioned by the state of the blood, either from its redundancy, from the want of a sufficient quantity, or the morbid state of what is in circulation—of course, a number of remedies have been devised to act upon the blood. Though many of them are directed in a course so circuitous as to afford a very uncertain prospect of success.
Among the disbanded troops of gally pots and phials we may reckon the whole tribe of Sweeteners, Purifiers, correctives, Traumatic balsams, alteratives, diluters, refrigerants, antiseptics, decoctions of the woods and restoratives; and the army of Tonics, with the Peruvian bark at their head, may perhaps share the same fate. For to what purpose should we mend the blood, if it can be had new with less

trouble? Or why should a tedious and uncertain process be used to correct the blood, when it can be done at a single dash by transfusion .
Venienti occurrite morbo is a favorite adage, in English—When the disease enters at one door, the physician should enter at the other—and a good reason there was for it, for having so many turnings and windings to make before he could get at it, there was the greater necessity for a timely pursuit, and even that was not always successful. But now, having discovered the exact seat of the morbid matter, and a certain method of ejecting it, there need be no such violent hurry in the business, and even a twenty year's possession may not be a bar. In the examination of doctor Last, the president with less delicacy than truth, gives an excuse for the ill success that sometimes attended the endeavors of the physician—that if he opened both doors and the disorder would not go out, it was not his fault—but no such excuse will now be admitted. A new door will be thrown open, and the enemy will be obliged to march at a moment's warning, and to make room for a more eligible inhabitant. Among other diseases, that of love (for so it may be called) will admit of the most certain and ready cure by transfusion . Love is an affection of the blood , and when once it gets in, instead of having recourse to weakening, or correcting, or scattering remedies, it may be drawn off at once, and a wholesome and innocent fluid may be substituted in its place; and, as prevention is one great object of the medical art, a proper translation may be used to great advantage for that purpose; by which means all the broils and wranglings, and wars and revolutions, that in the ordinary course of things are occasioned by this ebullition of the blood, which is dignified by the name of love , will be entirely done away, and the passion incident to our nature may float through the system in an orderly and temperate current. This perhaps will not be thought an advantage by your tribes of mad lovers, Sentimental females , (who, by the bye, are often the most sensational novel writers, and novel readers, who, while the fit lasts, would sacrifice every other consideration to their divine passion. But, to sober and considerate people, I think the advantages will be as obvious and striking as they appear to me. The vice of drunkenness is injurious to our constitutions as to attract the notices of a whole college of physicians, (who, forgetting their occupations, are for keeping people well instead of making them so) though it may not be entirely prevented, will have its effects considerably mitigated by this operation. The blood that is impregnated and heated by the fiery particles of the spirituous liquor may be readily drained off, and exchanged for a cool and sober kind, and when people find the effects so short and transitory they will scarcely think it worth while to get drunk any more. Thus have I devised a remedy for this grievous evil without troubling Congress with an address on the subject, or recommending vinegar or preaching against rum, because a horse can live without it, or using any of the methods which have hitherto been so unsuccessfully practiced. It is, however, by no means my wish (nor perhaps if it was, could it be easily effected) to destroy a science which it has been the work of ages to build up, or to turn the respectable professor of it loose upon the world. The change will be only in the mode of practice; for it will readily occur that, in making the transfusions great skill and attention will be necessary to apportion and adapt the respective kinds and quantities, and a wide and extensive field for genius will be opened.
The new theories and systems founded on this discovery will take place of those that are at present in estimation; (which, as the world is daily growing wiser is the case in most branches of knowledge,) and I expect that before many years have elapsed every hint which I have had the honor to communicate on this subject will be enlarged upon and branched out in all possible directions, with the improvements that all projects are susceptible of in their infant state. I feel particular satisfaction in anticipating the admirable lectures which our medical professors will be able to give on this subject—First, the anatomical—then the clinical—the chemical—the materia-medical —the analytical, and even the obstetrical. With what subtle Theses and ingenious deductions will they oblige their pupils and the world on this copious theme? With what eagerness will they pursue this new theory, and with what contempt will the old opinions be kicked out of doors? What now becomes of the wife saying of Solomon, that there was nothing new under the sun. It might have been true in his time, but we shall show that there is something new found out in ours, and our professors shall say something new and handsome about it, or also their own blood will be transfused and mended to very little purpose, for truly they have repeated their old dissertations so often that it is time to drop them.
In this point of view, the novelty of the plan, if it had nothing else, would be sufficient to recommend it.—But to return to the practice—The medical gentry may have an opportunity of dividing the business as they may think proper—There may be some to advise, as to the necessity, the quantity &c. of the transfusion, others may condescend to act as brokers between the parties, and a third set may devote themselves to the manual operation, for it is likely that some mystery will be made of it.
So considerable a change in the nature of things will probably extend its influence on many other professions, and with respect to our laws may probably attract the attention of government—An assault is considered more atrocious when accompanied with what is called a malice or the violently depriving another of the use of a member proper for his defence in fight—But a still greater value will now be put upon blood as being not only the primum mobile in all our actions but a great staple of commerce and consequently the most capital object of judicial regulation—A bloody nose will now be sufficient inducement for an increase of damages and (as every part of the superstructure will partake of the goodness of the foundation) this single consequence may tend more to the preservation of the peace than all the laws which have heretofore been made, for it is as plain as the nose in a man's face, that stationed as it is on the forlorn hope it is generally the first member that suffers an attack. The Bolognian law which enacted, that whoever drew blood in the street should be punished with the utmost severity was held (after long debate) not to extend to the surgeon who opened the vein of a person that fell down in the street with a fit, and I apprehend our lawyers and courts will be wise enough to discover, by construction , that no assault or maim can be committed by transfusion voluntarily sustained and peaceably performed. A number of new actions may be devised to meet all possible cases arising under this system—No part of a man's property can be dearer to him than his blood , and laws will certainly be framed to give adequate damages to those who may suffer in this important article either by force or fraud.
Considering blood as an article of commerce, or rather as a circulating medium, the gentlemen of the bar will probably dip their hands pretty deep in it—When a man's purse is squeezed to the utmost his blood may follow as a thing of course, and if a lawyer's spirits should flag in the course of a trial for want of an additional fee, a renovation of this sanguinary kind will be most obviously serviceable. I am afraid that I have touched too lightly on the commercial advantages which we shall experience—I have really forgot the speculator—They will no doubt soon discover the value of their commodity, and will be eager to purchase it up—There is little danger of their feeling any compunction or distress in the business. They have been accustomed to draining the blood and substance of others and replenishing their own—They will draw in a good stock, and get its value ensured afterwards—They will get it funded and sell it to pay taxes—They will sell it to foreigners and work it into as many shapes as our public debts are divided into—In short they will soon be at the head of this department as they are of almost all the other.
In the daily intercourse between individuals much benefit will be experienced from this convenient vade mecum of trade—A man of a plethoric habit may make the fulness of his veins atone for the vacancy of his purse, and if on a journey he should fall short of cash he will run no risk of having his person detained or his horse sold for his expenses—Men who have heretofore incurred reproach for too great an attention to the pleasures of the table and have grown fat by dozing away the afternoon after a full meal may now sleep and enjoy golden dreams from a certainty of turning the hitherto useless obesity of their carcasses to some account.
It is probable that many epithets and expressions which now appear bath and invidious will by a change of manners and an encrease of knowledge become familiar and proper. A bloody minded fellow will then no longer be an object of horror, but will convey to us the idea of an industrious and active dealer—and a peacable man, who bears his neighbour swear that he will have his blood, will only understand by it, that he is disposed or obliged to buy up a flock and may raise his price accordingly. The declarations which have been so often made by loyal subjects to their kings, of a readiness to spill their blood in their service (which in our land of liberty may sound rather strange) will now be understood only as a proposal to embark in a commercial adventure under their auspices and will be so much the easier reconciled to reason, and the savage expressions of triumph in describing a tea fight.
"See the blood in purple tides, Trickle down her battered files," will in future signify only the standing of a cargo of this precious merchandise.
These expressions, as I have observed, will soon become familiar, and when once this scheme is generally adopted, every thing will be administered to it, and the wonder which may at first be excited will soon subside, as it has happened in every other important discovery. I fear that my zeal and anxiety for the perfection of this system has already made me trespass on too much of the reader's time. I shall therefore (although the subject is far from being exhausted) decline making any further observations on it at this time, relying satisfied with having contributed this small portion to the improvement and happiness of mankind, and feeling assured that the different learned professions when they come to treat of it will establish the doctrine in the most full and satisfactory manner.
PHILO METACHENSIS. WASHINGTON CITY.
WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 25.
House of Representatives. MONDAY, JANUARY 23, 1804.
Mr. Dennis moved that the House should take up for consideration his motion so to vary the duties imposed on imported articles as to reduce those on brown sugars.
Motion lost—Ayes 29. The House went into committee of the whole Mr. J. G. SMITH in the chair—on the bill for the better direction of the collectors of the respective ports of the United States in granting to seamen certificates of citizenship. The committee rose and reported the bill without amendment, and the House ordered it to a third reading.
Dr. Mitchell presented a memorial from the convention of delegates of the several state societies for the manumission of slaves assembled at Philadelphia, praying Congress will in the organization of the government of Louisiana, prohibit the importation of slaves. Referred to the committee on the government of Louisiana.
The House went into a committee of the whole, Mr. VANNUX in the chair—on the report of a select committee on the bill from the Senate, for dividing the Indiana territory into two separate governments.
The report (lately published in the National Intelligencer) recommends a disagreement to the bill from the Senate. After a short debate the committee rose and obtained leave to sit again.
Mr. Bryan moved the following resolution.
Resolved, That the committee of Ways and means be directed to bring in a bill fixing the permanent salaries of those officers whose salaries were increased by an act passed on the 2nd of March 1799, &c.
Mr. J. Clay enquired whether such a resolution was in order, a similar one having been decided upon before.
The Speaker said it was in order, as the former resolution was general, and this particular.
Resolution agreed to—Ayes 52—Noes 43.
Mr. J. Randolph, from the committee of Ways and Means, reported a bill making appropriations for the support of government for the year 1804. Referred to a committee of the whole on Monday.
TUESDAY, Jan. 24, 1804.
A letter was received from the Secretary of the Treasury, in obedience to a resolution of the House of the last session, on a more equal imposition of duties on imported articles.
A message was received from the Senate, stating that they had elected JOHN BROWN, President pro tempore, in the absence of the Vice-President.
The House went into a committee of the whole—Mr. Dawson in the chair—on the bill making provision for the application of the monies appropriated for making public roads to the Ohio.
Mr. Smilie moved the sitting of the committee, with a view to the postponement of the bill to the next session. This motion was supported on the ground that the application of the money was premature, there being but about 800 dollars in the treasury, and that the designation of the route would occasion much difficulty, which would interfere with the transaction of important business before the House.
It was opposed by Messrs. Jackton, S. L. Mitchell, Holland and Lyon, who contended that considerable time would elapse before the necessary arrangements could be made for making the roads; previously to which, upon a calculation made on a report of the Secretary of the Treasury, 20,000 dollars would be accumulated, and an annual sum accrue thereafter of about 10,000 dollars; and that the present was as eligible a period as could occur for designating the points of the roads to be laid out.
The committee rose—Ayes 70. When the question being for giving leave to the committee to sit again. Mr. R. G. W. said he should vote for it. He was of opinion that sufficient information did not call to designate the points of the routes, and that it could not be had without authorizing the appointment of commissioners to explore the ground; for the purpose of modifying the bill, to effect this object alone, he should vote for leave being given to the committee to sit again.
This motion was supported by Messrs. R. G. W., Dennis, Lyon, and Holland, and opposed by Mr. Smilie; and carried—Yea 71—Nays 55.
Mr. J. Randolph, from the committee of Ways and Means, reported a recommendation that the House should agree to some, and disagree to others, of the amendments of the Senate to the bill giving effect to the laws of the United States, in Louisiana.
Mr. J. Randolph, from the same committee, reported a recommendation to disagree to the amendments of the Senate on the bill making military appropriations.
A message was received from the President, including a very interesting letter from Governor Claiborne, stating the tranquility of the province of Louisiana, and the satisfaction and confidence of the inhabitants in the American government.
COMMUNICATION.
Whilst England and France madly fight for a rock.
* Or an April chimera, produced by foul weather.
By prudence we've gain'd averting war's shock.
A land more extensive than both put together.
CHORUS. Tho' we've shown to our foes, When exchanging of blows, That our flag is triumphant whenever unfurl'd, Yet as happiness springs From exchange of good things, We earnestly seek it all over the world.
What thousands of lives, what millions of money, Have been spent to acquire by belligerent powers, Louisiana, o'erflowing with milk and with honey, By open, plain, policy honestly ours.
Chorus. No widows, no orphans, bedew with their tears, The spot where our banner exultingly flies, By Spaniards and Frenchmen we're hail'd without fear, And songs of thanksgiving ascend to the skies.
Chorus. Prosperity, harmony, offspring of peace, Objects cherish'd with care by the man of our choice, And sanctioned by Providence, still shall encrease, Whilst we join hand in hand, and unite in one voice.
Chorus. May freedom still wider and wider extend, May nations no longer each other destroy, May they only be rivals how most to befriend, And like us all the blessings of union enjoy.
Chorus. * In Allusion to the negotiations in that month proverbially inauspicious to sober judgement.
An account of the taking possession of Louisiana in the name of the United States of America, and of the entrance of the American troops in New Orleans, under the command of Gen. Wilkinson. New Orleans Dec. 20, 1803. At seven o'clock in the morning, citizen L'Anflut, Colonial Prefect, and Commissary of the French government, ordered, by the beating of the drum, that the militia should assemble at nine o'clock, upon the military square, in order to receive there the American troops, that were then encamped within half a league from the city. This body, dressed in a fine uniform, were under arms in a moment. At 9 o'clock the officers of the staff of both nations, had conferences together, customary on these solemn ceremonies. At 20 minutes after eleven, the report of a gun fired in the American camp, announced that the troops were ready to march. At thirty minutes past eleven, another firing of a cannon gave the signal of departure, which took place in good order. The troops in battle array, formed themselves into a column and marched at the usual pace to the sound of martial music, of a band of twelve musicians, playing the tune known under the name of Marche des Carabiniers , and came out of their camp. Having arrived on the road that leads to the city, a band of ten drummers and fifers played the favorite tune of the Moderes ; Peuple Francais peuple de freres , which was re-echoed by the music. This column was preceded by fourteen dragoons well mounted and dressed in a very handsome red uniform. Four pieces of artillery attended by 40 gunners, preceded the first company of
infantry, an whole blue column was this motto: Vae pluribus  inimicis . Another company of infantry, with white colours, on which was written, The Second Regiment , and formed with the first a body of one hundred and seventy men, whole blue uniform and good order, presented a spectacle truly military. This column was followed by twenty-five men in the uniform of Kentucky chassurs. At 45 minutes past eleven, this column arrived in good order at the gate of the city, where it was received by a detachment of the militia grenadiers dressed in fine uniform, and in order of battle, to the beating of the drums. At ten minutes past twelve, the army arrived on the military square, where, by turning on the left, they faced the different bodies of militia that were ranged there in the best order. At one o'clock Gen. Wilkinson went to the municipality, a body composed of select citizens, where he was received by the Prefect in the name of the French government.
The night before last, the 14th instant, at 8 o'clock, a fire broke out in one of the houses situated in the north west of the town. The wind was then high and cold. By the most exact enquiries, it appears that it owed its origin to the negligence of a servant. It threatened at first to destroy all that part of the town that is at the leeward, which on account of the scarcity of houses and high rents, would have placed a great number of respectable citizens in the most distressing situation; but the activity of all the authorities of the country assisted by the inhabitants in general, very soon dispersed fears which at first were but too well grounded.
All the French citizens and others, who by the invitation of the Prefect, citizen L'Anflut, were at the entertainment he was giving at the Prefecture, went directly with him to the place of danger, to lend their assistance. His presence and vigilance encouraged all classes to aid in extinguishing an element the flames and sparks of which covered the city.
On the other hand, Marquis of Casa Calvo, Commissary for his Catholic Majesty, was displaying all the talents of an experienced officer, both by his coolness and the precise and well directed orders that he gave to the Spanish troops, who in that affair deserve high praise.
Mr. Clark, Consul of the United States, at the head of his countrymen, was every where, and had an eye to every thing.
But after speaking of the general exertion of the different authorities that were in the city, we cannot avoid mentioning Commander Vinache; this young officer displayed in this unhappy circumstance, the intrepidity of his age, and the experience of a veteran.
LONDON, November 12, [Evening.] Price of stocks this day at 1 o'clock, 3 per cent. consols for money, 53 1-8-1-4; do. for November, 53 1-4; reduced 52 1-4; 4 per cent. 67 1-4; omnium 9 1-4 dis.
The Paris papers to the 2d inst. state, that Bonaparte had not then left the capital; but private advices state his arrival on the coast on Tuesday last. A few days previous to the above date he went on board the gun boat on the Seine, and exercised the men in the manoeuvres of invasion; they had, as usual, their knapsacks on their backs, and their muskets slung to their sides. It appears, however, that the Consul has at length consented not to risk "his person and fortune" in the hopeless expedition against this country. According to private letters, the farcical ceremony of entreaty took place on the 27th ult. The hour of three on the 28th was appointed for the deputation from all the constituted authorities to wait on him, and beseech him not to hazard their prosperity and the welfare of the state, by exposing himself to the perils of the expedition. The eagerness and impatience of his friends and the legislative bodies, however precipitated the affecting scene, and at two o'clock there was passed on the walls of the palace royal the following placard: St. Cloud, Oct. 27 6 o'clock in the Evening. "The country is saved once more—Bonaparte will not leave it."
The orators of the Senate, and the tribunate, attempted in vain to address the First Consul; their agitation, gentle falls, overcame them. One of these (M. de Jaucourt), incapable of giving expression to his feelings, threw himself at the feet of the consul, and extended his arms towards him. Bonaparte sprang forward, and folded him in his arms. A mixture of prayers, tears, & embraces succeeded. The first consul began to be affected, and the scene terminated by his concession to the wishes of the French nation! Such was the farcical scene exhibited on that truly ridiculous occasion.—What an insulting mockery!
DANCING ASSEMBLIES.
The managers of the Washington Dancing Assemblies, have determined to postpone the Assembly which was intended to be on Thursday evening next, to Thursday fortnight. Tuesday, 24th January.

CHARLES VARDEN, TAYLOR, FROM PHILADELPHIA.  Has received from Philadelphia an elegant assortment of the best quality Superfine Cloths, Cassimeres, Silk Florians, Black and fancy silk molekin velvet, white & figured Merseilles, Swandowns, Tollnettes, Velveteens, Fancy cords, Coatings, &c.  With a variety of other articles suitable for the winter season.  N. B. Ladies Habits, Regimentals and Navy uniforms made in the best style of fashion.  New Jersey Avenue, the second House from the Capitol square.  November 2, 1803.
TO RENT, And immediate Possession given.  A Two story Frame House, in the City of Washington, situated on N. F. Street, square 224 - containing 4 rooms besides two garret rooms, piazza and pantry, kitchen, store room, &c. with a good garden - lately occupied by Mrs. Lee, adjoining to Mr. Xaupie's store - Also that convenient two-story frame on same square, late in possession of Dr. Tabb, opposite to which Robert Peacock, Esq. lately resided - consisting of 6 rooms, and two garret rooms, piazza and balcony to south front, cellar with dry well, kitchen, carriage house, stable, an excellent garden, with every convenience for the reception of a genteel family. For particulars enquire at Mr. Rhode's tavern, Mr. Xaupie's store, or to the subscriber.  REDMUND PURCEL. January 13, 1804 - tf
FOR SALE.  PURSUANT to the Will of the late Patrick Henry, a Tract of Land, lying on both sides of Falling river, in Charlotte county Virginia, and containing about 1800 acres. This Land is in general poor, but contains a bank of Iron Ore, supposed to be the best, of any known in that part of the country. It lies on an excellent stream, a branch of Roanoke river, within four miles of its mouth, from whence is an easy and safe navigation. There are water-falls, stone and timber on the Land for all the purposes of an Iron Work; in the midst of a fine corn country; and about 400 acres of the Land is valuable for its soil. For further particulars enquire of Mr. RANDOLPH, of the House of Representatives. The terms will be made easy to the purchaser by  EDMUND WINSTON, Esq. of Patrick Henry. Buckingham county, Nov. Dec. 23 - tf.
NOTICE.  ALL who are indebted to the estate of John Crookshank deceased are requested to make immediate payment to,  CHARLES GLOVER, Admr. George Town, Nov. 25 - tf
JOHN COX  Has just received a quantity of American manufactured Bed Ticken warranted to hold the down of the feathers, which will be sold by the piece at the manufacturers prices, and by retail at a very small advance - Also sewing, darning and tampering cotton, with a quantity of chintzes and osnaburg, which he will sell lower than the regular importer can afford to sell at. Elegant thread lace, fox, bear, and martin skin muffs and tippets, handsome paper hangings, with almost every other article in the dry good line, both fanciful and substantial, which he will sell at his usual low prices for cash, or in exchange for tobacco and fur pelts. For his feed he will allow 11s. 3d. per bushel. Also a few handsome double barrel fowling pieces.  George Town, Dec. 23 - 2m
FOR SALE.  THE Plantation on which I live, containing about 600 acres of valuable and. The improvements are, an exceeding good dwelling house two stories high, 42 feet long, by 36 feet wide, with a passage through the middle, three rooms below and four above stairs, with five places in all but one, and a dry sweet cellar, the size of the house, in which is a capital vault with two rooms, and above is a fine airy pantry. A kitchen 36 by 18, two stories high, with a kitchen and laundry below, and lodging rooms for servants above. A washing house, meat house and dairy and in short every necessary improvement for the accommodation of a family, and a very fine collection of grafted and budded peach trees of the most approved kinds, chiefly from Princes nursery on Long Island, which are just beginning to bear. This property is situated in a healthy general neighborhood, about four miles from the city of Washington, five from Alexandria. Nearly one half is in wood and timbered, and the residue arable and meadow land; of the latter, there are about 50 or 60 acres under the Icythe and more may be easily laid down. Perhaps no tract of the same size, abounds more in fine springs, there being a never failing stream in every field, besides an abundant one which runs through the meadow and from which the greatest part of it may be watered. For terms apply to the subscriber on the premises.  OVERTON CARR. September 19. eptf
S. TROMEE.  Begs leave to inform his friends that he has removed his store from George Town to King Street Alexandria, where orders in his line will be executed with punctuality and dispatch. Orders left at Mr. March's Book-store will be duly attended to.  GILDING AND ENAMELLING ON GLASS.  A few doors above the Washington tavern - Looking glass and picture frames made and rigid.
NEEDLE WORK  Framed in the handsomest manner, and names done on glass.  S. TROMEE, as a stranger being determined to establish in the line of his profession, solicits that encouragement alone which he trusts the reasonableness of his charges and his ability to business may entitle him to.  Window cornices handsomely gilt, and every thing in his line done to please the fancy of the owner equal to any imported.  N. B. He has some glasses and prints for sale on low terms.  Jan. 9 - eptm
Public Sale of Lots, In George Town and the City of Washington.  THE executors of the estate of Anthony Holmead deceased, will offer at public sale, at the Union Tavern, in George Town, on Monday the 30th instants 57 lots in Holmead's addition to George Town, many of them in eligible situations - Also several lots in the city of Washington, in squares 48, 49 and 62. The terms, which will be moderate, will be made known on the day of sale. The sale to begin at 12 o'clock. Any person wishing to view any of the above lots, will be shown them on application to the subscriber.  JOHN HOLMEAD. Jan. 4 - tf
Fifteen Dollars Reward.  RAN AWAY from the subscriber near Dumfries, on the 3d inst. a negro man named HARRY, about 25 years old five feet 7 or 8 inches high, middling black, straight but slender made, has a large beard, flat nose, small eyes, large mouth and thick lips, chews tobacco, and is very sensitive. Hat on when he went away an old blue fur-trimmed coat, an old blue hat with a red button on it, each of fine cloth; an old pair of velvet breeches, a pair of dark mize wool stockings, a pair of patched shoes and a wool hat. He was late the property of Christopher Criglar or Edward March of Frederick county Virginia; he formerly lived at Tappico Furnace, where it is expected he now is and will endeavor to pass as a free man. Any person apprehending said Negro and securing him in any jail so that I get him again, shall receive the above reward. Any information respecting said Negro, given to Mr. Samuel Davis in Dumfries, Mr. Samuel Jackson in Prince Wm. County, or to the subscriber living in Wythe county Virginia will be thankfully received.  FRANCIS I. CARTER. Jan. 20 - 7t
NOTICE.  Is given to the creditors of Zebulon Warner, a bankrupt, that on Monday the 6th day of February next at 10 o'clock A. M. at Stehe's hotel, in the city of Washington, his final discharge will be allowed unless cause be then and there shown to the contrary.  WILLIAM GRANCH, assistant Judge of the circuit court of the District of Columbia.  Jan. 23 - 3t
District of Columbia, Washington County, to wit.  ON the petition of Nicholas Fevrier, an insolvent debtor, confined in the prison of Washington county for debt. Notice is hereby given to the creditors of the said Nicholas Fevrier that on Monday the 6th day of February next, at 10 o'clock, A. M. at the court room in the Capitol, the oath of an insolvent debtor will be administered to the said Nicholas Fevrier, agreeably to the act of Congress now in force on that subject, and a trustee appointed, unless sufficient cause be then and there shown to the contrary. It is ordered that this notice be published three times in the National Intelligencer and Washington Federalist, previous to said day. By order of William Granch, Esq. assistant judge of the circuit court of the district of Columbia.  URIAN FORREST, Clerk January 23.
BY AUTHORITY.
SCHEDULE OF A LOTTERY, To build a Catholic Cathedral Church in the City of Baltimore.     Dollars.     1 prize of 20,000   1 ditto 10,000   2 do 5000 10,000   5 do 1000 5,000   10 do 500 5,000   15 do 200 3,000   100 do 100 10,000   200 do 50 10,000   200 do 25 5,000   2500 do 20 50,000   4000 do 15 60,000   1 first drawn ticket after 2000, having a blank to its number, 500   1 do after 4000 do 500   1 do after 6000 do 500   1 do after 8000 do 500   1 do after 10,000 do 500   1 do after 12,000 do 500   1 do after 15,000 do 500   1 do after 18,000 do 500   1 do after 20,000 do 2,000   1 last drawn ticket, which may have a blank to its number, 4,000   7154 Prizes, 210,000   3,856 blanks - Not two to a prize.  
21,000 Tickets, at 10 dollars each, 210,000  The laudable purpose of this lottery - the many very valuable prizes offered, and there not being two blanks to a prize, are considerations which give the managers reason to hope for a rapid sale of the tickets. The drawing will commence as soon as a sufficient number of tickets shall be sold to authorise it; and thirty days after the completion of the drawing, the prizes will be paid to the fortunate adventurers; subject to a deduction of fifteen per cent. Such prizes as shall not be demanded within twelve months after the drawing is finished, shall be considered as relinquished for the benefit of the church.  For the satisfaction of those at a distance, it may be necessary to mention, that the managers have given bond to the mayor and city council in the sum of 120,000 dollars, for the due payment of the prizes which may be drawn.  Tickets to be had of the managers, or of such persons as may be appointed by them.  Managers.  Right rev. Bishop Carroll, Rev. Francis Beeston, Messrs. David Williamson, Robert Walsh, Charles Chequiere, Patrick Bennet, Arnold Livers, Luke Tiernan, Frances I. Mitchell.  July 13, 1803. eptf  The managers have lodged a number of tickets in the above lottery in the hands of Wm. Brent and James D. Barry for sale.
WASHINGTON ASSOCIATION.  The office of the Washington Association and United States Insurance company is removed to the corner of square No. 226 fronting on the President's square and Pennsylvania Avenue.  THOMAS HERTY, Sec'y P. T. Jan. 18 - tf.
MICHAEL ROBERTS HAS FOR SALE, AT HIS STORE, GEORGE-TOWN, A GENERAL Assortment of Stationary, and other articles in his line, viz.  ATLAS, imperial, superroyal, royal, medium, demy, and fool's post papers. Plain and velum fool's cap ditto. Hot pressed, gilt, wove & plain quarto post ditto. Imperial and royal cartridge do. Medium, demy & fool's cap, French marble & Plain and ruled blank books. Black quills and ready made pens. Pen knives, crating knives and paper scissors, Black and red ink and ink powder. Black and red sealing wax and wafers. Large red and white do. for office use. Silk tape and red and white tape. Parchment, scuttle fish bone and pounce, Ivory pounce boxes and paper folders, India rubbers and gum arabic. Black lead pencils, (warranted) Ditto with silver cases, Round and flat rulers, Marking types and Reeve's colours in boxes, Beckenham tables and cribbage boxes, Billiard balls and dice, English and American playing cards, Portable writing desks, Gentlemen and ladies pocket books, Sheet and house almanacs for 1803, Sheep & calf skins dressed for bookbinding use, Printing ink and printing paper, Wedgewood glass and pewter inkstands, Sand and water boxes, Wax candles and tapers, Ivory handle and table desert knives, Plated tea and coffee urns, large and elegant with silver head and brims. Ditto tea and coffee pots, silver brims, Ditto after double fluted glass, Ditto bread baskets and toast stands, Ditto goblets and tumblers, Ditto salt and mustard pots, Ditto Decanter stands and fish knives, Ditto plain, high and patent round and oval candlesticks, Ditto small do. Do. chamber do. with snuffers & extinguishers Ditto snuffer and snuffer trays, Fashionable brass andirons, Green wire fenders and fire forrens with brass tops, Shovels and tongs, Coal hods and cinder sifters, Hand bellows with brass and iron pipes, Officers travelling canteens, with cooking utensils, &c. complete, Swords and dirks, Gold and silver epaulets, sword knot and crimson silk sashes, Gold and silver lace and cords, Guns and fowling pieces, shot pouches and powder flasks, Game and hawking bags, Catlin nets moused and unmounted, Travelling trunks and travelling pouches, Buckskin gloves and breeches, Morocco skins of various colours, Boot and girth webbing, English bend and cork foils, Gentlemen & ladies japanned dressing boxes English and American hair powder, Powder bags and powder puffs, Curing tongs and crimping irons and powder knives, Hard and soft pomatum, Best warranted razors, Shaving brushes and boxes, Benzoin, almond, palm, palmaceen, cowilip, and windler soaps, Wash balls and wash bell boxes, Essence of musk, and ambergrace, Bargamot and avender, Ruspin's Tin for the teeth, Tooth brushes and tooth powder, Ivory and boxwood fine combs, Tortoise and horn braid combs, Do. do. dressing do. Genuine black and flesh colored plaister, Patent shoe blacking and shoe brushes, Clothes, hair and hat brushes, Sweepings, scrubbing, and dushing do. Tortoise shell and japanned cigar boxes, Mother of pearl, tortoise shell and japanned snuff boxes, An assortment of upholsterers ware, consisting of fringe line, tassels, &c. An assortment of hardware consisting of saws, plains, chisels, gouges, augurs, files, rasps, locks, hinges, bolts, spades, shovels, tacks, sprigs, &c.
Plated Mouldings for Carriages.  Gigg springs, Spurs and stirrup irons, Chains, duke & snaffle bridle bits, Horse harnesses and curbs Carriage, chair and switch whips, Walking sticks and sword canes, Horseman's and pocket pistols, Officers travelling canteens, with cooking utensils, &c. complete, Swords and dirks, Gold and silver epaulets, sword knot and crimson silk sashes, Gold and silver lace and cords, Guns and fowling pieces, shot pouches and powder flasks, Game and hawking bags, Catlin nets moused and unmounted, Travelling trunks and travelling pouches, Buckskin gloves and breeches, Morocco skins of various colours, Boot and girth webbing, English bend and cork foils, Gentlemen & ladies japanned dressing boxes English and American hair powder, Powder bags and powder puffs, Curing tongs and crimping irons and powder knives, Hard and soft pomatum, Best warranted razors, Shaving brushes and boxes, Benzoin, almond, palm, palmaceen, cowilip, and windler soaps, Wash balls and wash bell boxes, Essence of musk, and ambergrace, Bargamot and avender, Ruspin's Tin for the teeth, Tooth brushes and tooth powder, Ivory and boxwood fine combs, Tortoise and horn braid combs, Do. do. dressing do. Genuine black and flesh colored plaister, Patent shoe blacking and shoe brushes, Clothes, hair and hat brushes, Sweepings, scrubbing, and dushing do. Tortoise shell and japanned cigar boxes, Mother of pearl, tortoise shell and japanned snuff boxes, An assortment of upholsterers ware, consisting of fringe line, tassels, &c. An assortment of hardware consisting of saws, plains, chisels, gouges, augurs, files, rasps, locks, hinges, bolts, spades, shovels, tacks, sprigs, &c.
ALSO FOR SALE, BY EDGAR PATTERSON, at the above store.
FRESH FRUITS, just received per the Brig Celia, capt. Brown, from Maings.
George-town, Dec. 21.
Romulus Riggs, & Co.
Has just received at their Store, a few doors from the Union Tavern.
A large quantity of Carpets and Carpeting, Cotton and Merseilles counterpans, Fine Irish linens, and long lawns, Fine English hats, silk, cotton and worsted hosiery, India, cambric, & plain cambric mouselins, Chintzes, silks and colored mouselins, And many other seasonable articles. A quantity of TRUNKS, and a few BOXES of CHINA, all of which will be sold at their regular low advance.  Geo. Town, Jan. 10, 1804. - mksfaw
Ten Dollars Reward.  STOLEN from the plantation near Upper Marlboro, on Saturday night the 29th October - an iron grey HORSE, about four feet hands one inch high, seven years old, stout made, trots and gallops only on the road, is rather dull and goes heavy, having been broke to the plough - he has lately been re-broke about the head and ears. Any person giving me information so that I get him again shall receive the above reward and it brought home all reasonable charges paid by,  BENJAMIN ODEN. November 21 - tf
THE following described certificates of funded three per cent stock issued by the Register of the Treasury in the name of Jacob Etiamer of Amsterdam, for the renewal of which application is intended to be made at the proper office.  No. 3213 dated 23th October 1791 for 12,419 53 3/4  No. 3500 dated 23d November 1791 for 7 900  No. 6271 dated 7th December 1792, for 231 41  No. 1202 dated 5th December 1792, for 8749 29  Dolls 30 000 00  ROBERT GILMOR, & Sons. Dec. 28 - eptw
A GREAT BARGAIN.  THIRTY THOUSAND DOLLARS will be taken and payment made easy, to the purchaser, for the following valuable property free from any encumbrance whatever.  A SET of saw mills working two saws - a grist mill with two run of stones and bolting machine, also a cotton and rice machine complete all worked by water, also one saw mill about 200 yards from the former and on the same dam, now about finishing that will work from two to fourteen saws under the same roof - this mill is insured for three years after her being completed - they now being in good repair and the whole in a progressive way of improvement, with about ten thousand acres of land all adjoining and immediately contiguous to the mills, on which are several valuable farms. The timber for mill site are inexcusable and unexceptionably good - they are situated on the waters of Drowning Creek ninety seven miles from George Town South Carolina, to which place the lumber is carried being raised at the mills without the trouble of hauling, a valuable convenience. The stream is equal if not superior to any in the states of North or South Carolina - the grist mills command a custom at times of 30 or 40 miles around them. The situation at the mills is high, pleasant and very healthy, on which is a good two story house with piazza, a good kitchen, stable, carriage and harness houses and other necessary out buildings with a new store house completely finished, it being an excellent stand for a country store. Application to be made to the Subscriber at Millville near Lambert in North Carolina, or for any information respecting the premises, to Samuel D. Purvance at the city of Washington.  WM. NORMENT. Millville N. C. Dec. 12.  N. B. Any part of the above property will be sold as may best suit a purchaser.  Dec. 23 - tf
THOMAS CARPENTER, TAYLOR
HAS just received an handsome supply of fall goods, which he is determined to sell and make upon the most reasonable terms, and in the best and most fashionable manner, and greatest expedition.  Pennsylvania Avenue, near the President's square and Capitol Hill, seventh house from the Capitol.  Oct. 14 tf
H. CARITAT'S PROPOSALS For Publishing by subscription, a National work, entitled
A Journey, Made by order of the French government, from Pittsburgh on the river Ohio, through the western territory of the United States to the Upper and Lower parts of
LOUISIANA, Chiefly on the Mississippi, Missouri, Illinois, Arkansas and the adjacent rivers as low as NEW ORLEANS.
In the years 1796 and 1797, BY GENERAL COLLOT.
This work will be comprised in two volumes in 4to. containing thirty charts drawn from the most part on imperial paper of the dimensions of three feet six inches, together with plates and views executed by the best artists of Paris, describing the aspect of the country, its supposed boundaries, the nature of the soil, the farms, hamlets, villages and towns, which border on the Ohio, the Mississippi, and other rivers, and marking their foundings and those of the creeks which pour their waters into their floods. Translated into English from the original manuscript, by Helen Maria Williams - subscriptions to this work are received by Mr. John Barnes, and Mr. John March, George Town, and Mr. Wm. Dunn and Messrs. Rapine, Conrad & Co. Washington - and the principal booksellers in the United States.
PROSPECTUS.
The French government having formed the design of making the acquisition of Louisiana, became highly interested in procuring more positive information respecting that country, than it had hitherto obtained. Gen. Collot was therefore commissioned in 1796, to take the most accurate survey of the country. This mission Gen. Collot undertook, notwithstanding the dangers with which it was attended and which proved fatal to some of his suite - which consisted among others, of twelve persons, skilled in geography and drawing. He began his expedition at Pittsburgh, where he embarked on the Ohio and followed the course of this river to its junction with the Mississippi, describing the country on each side of its banks, the rivers which empty themselves into the Ohio, and the creeks, falls and foundings. From the Ohio, gene-
ral Collot took a survey of the Mississippi and other rivers on the west, which empty themselves into the Mississippi, the course of which he followed to New Orleans, where Spanish jealousy attacked him, there he owed his liberty only to the firmness of his character; escaped from this new danger he reached Philadelphia from whence he had departed.  Gen. Collot not satisfied with taking theoundings of the creeks and rivers which he surveyed, pointing out the dangers of the navigation, directing the course of future travellers, by marking on his charts the rocks, shoals, banks and bars which obstruct the passage, &c. He has also indicated the quality of the lands, and the character of the country, with a degree of precision that cannot fail to be eminently useful to American emigrants. Forests as autient as the world here lift their towering heads, while natural meadows, which extend 40 leagues without a tree, bounded by woods and intersected by an infinite number of creeks, demand the hands of cultivation. There, the most luxuriant vegetation invites the wanderer to fix his dwelling.  Gen. Collot acquaints his readers, while he conducts them through immense plains till now unknown, covered with mulberry trees, and silk worms equal to those of the East Indies, and left to the care of nature. He leads them to mountains of pure salt, to lakes covered with birds and full of fish of every kind; in short to lands become the domain of an innumerable quantity of game.
The author bestows equal attention on natural history and commerce as on other objects; he treats of furs in the minutest detail; nothing is neglected; nothing escapes his penetration; neither quadrupeds, reptiles, birds, plants, trees, nor mines of any kind. To relieve the minds of his readers from that latitude, which is too often inseparable from topographical description, he has been careful to enlarge each of his chapters, with historical remarks, which afford just ideas of the manners and dispositions of the Indians he had visited and which are naturally connected with his subject, and engage by the interest they excite.
This interesting work was on the point of being published at Paris, at the expence of the French government, when Louis XVI. was deposed to the United States, which circumstance left general Collot at liberty to dispose of it.  Already several Americans residing in France, at the head of whom was Mr. Swan of Boston, wished to treat with general Collot, under the favor and advice of his excellency Mr. Livingston, Ambassador. They were disposed to advance the price, when the correspondent of Mr. Caritat, then in France, yielding to the solicitations made him from every quarter, consented to purchase it, on condition that the American gentlemen residing in Paris in July last, should subscribe first, which they did with eagerness. Mrs. Helen Maria Williams, so advantageously known in America, by her literary fame, after having read the manuscript with the greatest earnestness undertook to translate it into English, and Mr. Tardieu, the first engraver of France, undertook the maps and plates, which are at present finished.
The public are respectfully requested to observe that Mr. Caritat did not consent to become the Publisher of this important work, and to advance near 10,000 dollars to complete it, until he received from his subscribers at Paris the positive expectation that their example would be followed in the U. States, by all men of Public Character, of Literature, Merchants and Persons in easy circumstances, interested in the glory and prosperity of their country. The Publisher has only one circumstance to regret, that he could not diminish the price of the work, which will however be found moderate, as may be proved, when the various and heavy expenses attending such a publication, are calculated.  The drawings and plates being extremely expensive, the public are informed that there will only be a sufficient number of copies to satisfy the demands of the subscribers.
The publisher is not ignorant that a work so necessary to the public, must generally speaking, be put within the reach of every class, as much as possible. This principle which applies to every country ought to be more scrupulously observed in America, where they are not familiarised with editions of the quarto size which the publisher has been obliged to adopt in the aforesaid work; had he taken any other, the end, as well as the utility of this work would have been absolutely failed. The reason will appear just, when it is remembered that the size of the copper-plates and maps, would not have allowed them to fold in 8vo. without being exposed to such mutilation as would render their use impracticable, after having opened the book only three or four times.  General Warin, his Aid de Camp, was killed by an Indian.  New-York, Nov. 23, 1803.
CONDITIONS:  The price of each copy on fine paper, with elegant type, will be 23 dollars, neatly bound, and 20 in boards, to be paid on delivery. They will be ready for delivery on the first of May. A list of the subscribers will be published at the end of the second volume.
LIST of those who subscribed both in Paris and here, before the Prospectus was put to press.
The President of the United States; his Excellency Robert R. Livingston, Ambassador to France; his Excellency James Monroe, Ambassador to Great Britain; Mr. McKim, Commercial Agent of the United States in Paris; Messrs Robert Louis Livingston, Peter R. Livingston, Burnet, Maclure, Nutting, Fulton, Barlow, Melville, Swan, Benton, Montclerc, Grant, Birch, Fenwick, W. Itfield, Wayer, Packeney, Morry, Garden, Saint-Clair, Robertson, Norris, Miller, Col. Orne, and Capt. Burn.  January 18th, 1804.
NOTICE.
THE inhabitants of Washington city and all others concerned are hereby informed, that the assessment by order of the corporation of Washington for the year 1803, is now complete, and that the tax on real and personal property must be paid at the City Treasurer's office on or before the first day of March next. The owners of slaves and dogs are also informed that the tax on the same must be paid on or before the first day of February next.  WASHINGTON BOYD, City Treasurer.  Jan. 23 - srsfaw