The national intelligencer and Washington advertiser. (Washington City [D.C.]), 1806-01-08 00:00:00

NATIONAL INTELLIGENCER AND WASHINGTON ADVERTISER.
VOL. VI. WASHINGTON CITY, PRINTED BY SAMUEL HARRISON SMITH, PENNSYLVANIA AVENUE. No. DCCXIX. FIVE DOLLARS PER ANNUM. WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 8, 1806. PAID IN ADVANCE.
For the National Intelligencer.
To the members of the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States.
KNOWING, as you do, the rights and privileges of your fellow citizens, and placed in the honorable and dignified station in which you stand to guard and protect them, I cannot believe an apology for the following remarks necessary. I am aware of the relations which exist between citizen and representative, and whilst, on the one hand, I feel for, and shall exercise towards the representatives of the nation the most sincere respect, on the other hand I consider myself authorised to call their attention to objects of the first importance to our common country. It is my intention to prove the absolute necessity of opening easy communications through the mountains which separate the western from the Atlantic states. To do this, it will be necessary to state some of the difficulties under which the farmer at present labors, the benefits which would result to the latter, and the general good which will be produced to the whole by such a measure.
It will be proper first to take a view of the barriers by which nature has separated these two sections of the union; for although many gentlemen in Congress are personally acquainted with them, yet I presume the greater part are not, and I may venture to say have not formed a correct idea of their extent and difficulty of passage. That chain of mountains, called by different names in different places, but most usually the Allegany mountains, commence in the state of New York, and extend with a crenature in width and altitude in different places in a S.W. direction as far as Georgia. Their average width, counting from the foot of the north mountain, (from the commencement of which to the foot of the Allegany the country is mountainous & almost as difficult of passage as the Allegany itself) to the western foot of the Laurel mountain or hill, may be calculated at 120 miles. This tract of country is generally very mountainous, poor and stony, and must forever remain very thinly settled. The roads through it at many times are very difficult and dangerous to pass on horseback, and impassable for carriages of any description. In their best state they are dangerous to waggons, and heavy losses are frequently sustained in the transportation of merchandise across them. A stranger, travelling these roads, could scarcely believe it possible that nearly one million of people imported their foreign articles by them. The inhabitants of these mountains, being few in number, are unable to make new, or even to keep the old roads in tolerable repair; therefore it is that the interference of the public is absolutely necessary.
I will now point out some of the difficulties under which our fellow citizens beyond the mountains labor.
Although I cannot speak with certainty, yet I believe I am not incorrect when I assert, that four-fifths of the foreign articles consumed beyond the mountains are purchased in the towns of the Atlantic states, from whence they are carried by land and water from 250 to 1500 miles. The carriage may be computed at from 5 to 12 dollars per hundred pounds weight, besides brokerage and other losses and risks in transportation, and the expense of the merchant in travelling to and from the place of purchase, which are all no doubt taken into view by the retailer, and accordingly laid on the price to the consumer. Taking all these circumstances into view, we may fairly calculate that the people beyond the mountains pay from 15 to 25 per cent. more on the imported articles they consume than those who live in the Atlantic states. The proportion of foreign articles consumed beyond the mountains cannot be ascertained with any degree of certainty. If we consider the population as nearly equal to one million, of which there can be little doubt, the consumption is very considerable. If good roads are made, near one half of the additional tax or expence before alluded to will be saved. The same difficulties and expence exist, in the same proportion, in the intercourse between the two countries in every other respect. The mail is never to be depended on; for, however important a speedy communication an return may be either to the government or individuals, there is more than an equal chance of a disappointment, even in the summer months; and in the winter no kind of dependence can be placed on this mode of conveyance.
I could detail a thousand other difficulties which occur in the intercourse between the people on this side, and those beyond the mountains.
Let us now take a view of the advantages which would result to the Atlantic states from the proposed measure. That a great increase in the mercantile intercourse would take place is too evident to require any proof. If therefore it be an advantage to the Atlantic states that their commerce should in-
crease, they will receive this advantage. The sales too of the public lands would increase greatly, and an additional value be given to the public property of that kind, which is all beyond the mountains. Have the guardians of the rights and property of the nation seriously reflected on the vast extent and value of that property? Have they informed themselves that it amounts to between four and five hundred millions of acres of land? And have they reflected on the great importance and advantage of this land to the Atlantic states, independently of the revenue which may be derived from it? Although I trust they have; yet I must be permitted to point out the advantage alluded to, lest it should not be duly impressed on the minds of those I address. From the experience of a few years we find our increase of numbers has progressed in the most rapid ratio. The causes are too obvious to need explanation. Nearly proportioned to the increase of our numbers is that of the division of real property, and the competition for employment and property generally. In a crowded society all cannot succeed; some must be disappointed, and others be consigned to poverty. When the means of subsistence are scarce and hard to be obtained, it is a melancholy truth, that the poor are too subservient to the rich and ambitious, & too often the engine by which the liberties of society are destroyed. But in this happy country, this evil is provided against for at least centuries to come. Has a man's landed property, by frequent division, become so small as to make it inconvenient to support his family? He sells to his more wealthy neighbor, and buys of the public what will better suit him. Is a man poor and oppressed by his rich neighbor or landlord? He removes to a country where his honest labor will be better rewarded, and very soon by industry becomes a purchaser of public lands. Does a man of education and from the great competition in the society where he lives, have no prospect of success in his avocation? He removes to the west, where he finds full scope for his talents and industry; and lastly, is an industrious mechanic, surrounded by so many of his trade in the society where he lives as to render his exertions unproductive of profit? He removes to the west, where he obtains full employment and very soon is enabled to become a purchaser of the public lands. These are truths that experience has established. Have we not witnessed many of them with pleasure? Many of our acquaintances, who have taken nothing from this side the mountains but their virtues and good name, have, in a few years, by honest industry, acquired a competency, and have returned clothed with the confidence of their fellow citizens, and now form part of the national council. Thus it is, that the spirit of the American citizen is left unbroken; the door to enterprise and honor left open; the national strength and wealth increased; and, most pleasing to tell, the national liberties preserved. Is it not then of importance that this public stock should be well attended to?
But still further—is it not right and proper that we should at least have roads leading to our property for our own sakes. "Necessity is the mother of invention," is the old adage. I should not be surprised if the people beyond the mountains were to attempt and succeed too in getting their imported articles up the Mississippi in a few years hence, if the United States do not make the necessary roads.
There are many advantages, which would result to the people of the Atlantic states, from the contemplated measure, which the bounds I have prescribed to myself will not permit me to mention. I will close, for the present, with an observation or two on the general effect to be produced; and at a future time, continue the subject, and give an impartial view of the different routes between the Atlantic and western states, and shew, according to my information, which ought first to command the attention of Congress.
Mankind are too apt to imagine the existence of distinct interests, when in fact there only exists a difference in local situation. We unfortunately see this truth verified by daily experience on the most trivial occasions, and so on up to those of the greatest consequence. It is true, nature has thrown considerable difficulties in the intercourse between the eastern and western people; yet a small exertion will remove them, and in a very short time prove that our interests are the same. The western people are agriculturalists; their surplus produce will employ the ships of the Atlantic states, from whom they will receive their supplies of imported articles, as has been already shewn. To me then, there never was any thing more clear, than that so long as we act in the line of our duty towards our western brethren, so long will we find them heartily disposed to go hand and hand in all measures for the common good of the country. When we take a view of the rising importance of the western country, increasing in population beyond all former example, comprehend-
ing a tract of country as fertile, if not more so, than any on earth, and far more extensive than the country on the Atlantic; and when it is recollected that the two sections are separated by the barriers I have described; will it not be wisdom in the government to bind the whole together by the strongest ties; and what ties are stronger than those growing out of mutual affection, produced by social intercourse, and an interchange of friendly offices? Again let me ask, will any thing tend so much to produce these effects, so desirable to every lover of his country, as easy communications between the two countries. I never think of a separation of these states without the most painful reflections. It is an event, which above all others I would dread and deplore. It is an event from which I would date the destruction of the liberties of my country. Yet although I hope and pray, if it ever should take place, the period far, very far, distant; I by no means believe it impossible. Under these impressions, I am clearly of the opinion, that every thing which the wisdom of the country can conceive, and its resources conveniently effect, ought to be done, not by waiting for a more convenient season, but NOW, to prevent, as far as is in our power, the possibility of an event, which would involve the whole country in common ruin.
A CITIZEN.
FROM THE BOSTON CENTINEL.
NEUTRAL COMMERCE.
MR. RUSSELL.
A pamphlet, under the title of "War in disguise, or the frauds of Neutral flags," has been published in London, under the date of the 18th October last, supposed to have been written with the concurrence, if not under the directions, of the English government. The subject is in the highest degree interesting to the people of all countries, and peculiarly so to the people of the United States, in their neutral condition; I presume, the reader, the following sketch will be read with avidity by those who have not opportunity to see the whole piece:
The author begins by stating that the restoration of the marine, and the increase of the confederated navies, have been since the renewal of hostilities, the means of War contemplated by Bonaparte; in providing which, he has expended incalculable sums, and devoted indefatigable labor. That in the retrospect of the last war, and of the progress we have made in the present, one singular fact immediately arrests the attention, viz.—That the finances of France appear scarcely to be impaired, much less exhausted, by her enormous military establishments, and extensive enterprises, notwithstanding the ruin so long apparently imposed on her commerce. That "in our former contests with France and Spain, their impoverishment was a sure effect of our hostilities, and the extent of this impoverishment was always in proportion to that of its grand instrument, our naval superiority:"—That "we distressed their trade, we intercepted the produce of their colonies, and thus exhausted their treasuries, by cutting off the chief sources of their revenue; and by the same means their expenditures were immensely increased and wasted in defensive purposes. They were obliged to maintain fleets in distant parts of the world, and to furnish strong convoys for the protection of their intercourse with the colonies, both on the outward and home-ward voyages." That "the frequent capture of these convoys, while it enriched our seamen, aided our revenue by the increase of import duties, and compelled the enemy to dispatch duplicate supplies, at the risk of new disasters, or to leave their colonies in distress, and forfeit the benefits of their crops for the year." In short, that "their transmarine possessions became expensive incubumbrances, rather than sources of revenue, and that by such losses, rather than by our victories, the house of Bourbon was vanquished." "Have we then lost," he asks, "the triumphal means of warfare? No, the true solution of these seeming difficulties is this—the commercial and colonial interests of our enemies, are now ruined in appearance only, not in reality. They seem to have retreated from the ocean, and to have abandoned their colonies; but it is a mere ruse de guerre . They have in effect, only changed their flags. Their transmarine sources of revenue have not been for a moment destroyed by our hostilities, and at present are scarcely impaired."
In the hope of contributing to the correction of this evil, he proposes to consider,
1st. Its origin, nature and extent. 2d. The remedy, and the right of applying it. 3d. The prudence of the resort." "On the first division, he states, that the colonising powers of Europe have always monopolised the trade of their colonies—that such has been the (almost) universal system in time of peace, and that on a close adherence to this system,
the value of colonies has been supposed wholly to depend; that in the war, which commenced in the year 1756, France being hard pressed by the maritime superiority of England, resorted to the expedient of relaxing her colonial monopoly, and admitted neutral vessels, under certain restrictions, to carry the produce of her islands to French or foreign ports in Europe; but that the prize courts of England considering as a substantial principle of the law of nations—"that a neutral has no right to deliver a belligerent from the pressure of his enemy's hostilities, by trading with his colonies, in time of war, in a manner prohibited in time of peace"—condemned such vessels as were captured while engaged in this commerce, together with their cargoes; and, in vindication of the justice of this manner, he quotes the words of Sir William Scott, in the case of the Immanuel, 1799—"The general rule is, that the neutral has a right to carry on in time of war his accustomed trade to the utmost extent to which that trade is capable. Very different is the case of a trade which the neutral has never possessed, which he holds by no title and use of habit in time of peace, and which in fact he can obtain in war by no other title than by the success of one belligerent against another; and at the expense of that very belligerent, under whose success he sets up his title. It cannot be contended to be a right of neutrals to intrude into a commerce which has been uniformly shut against them, and which is now forced open merely by the pressure of war; for when the enemy, under an entire inability to supply his colonies, and export their products, affects to open them to neutrals, it is not his will out his necessity, that changes the system"—"the change of system is a measure, not of French councils, but British force."—After proving that "the principle of the rule of the war of 1756," has been adhered to, though with some practical indulgence, on the part of G. Britain towards neutrals, he proceeds to state the mischief to which the "rule of 1756" was first applied, was of a partial and limited kind. In that war neutral ships, though admitted into some of the colonial ports of France, were by no means the sole carriers of their produce or supplies. The enemy continued to employ his own commercial flag, as far as his power of protecting it extended; and neutrals were rather partners in, than assignees of, the national monopoly.
But now, France and Holland have totally ceased to trade under their own flags, and have apparently assigned the whole of their commerce to the merchants of the neutral states; and Spain, though with more hesitation, has nearly made an entire transfer. "But why (says he) should I proceed to state particulars, when it may be truly affirmed, in a few words, that not a single merchant ship, under a flag inimical to Great-Britain, now crosses the equator, or traverses the Atlantic. Yet this forms only part of a more comprehensive and singular truth, that, with the exception of a very small portion of the coasting trade of our enemies, not a mercantile sail of any description now enters, or clears from their ports, in any part of the globe, but under neutral colors. And yet notwithstanding this, Bonaparte has recently boasted, that Martinique and Guadeloupe are flourishing, in despite of our hostilities, so much beyond all former experience, that since 1789 they have actually doubled their population. He might have said, with the same truth, the same of their produce—but he ought to have added, that since the first notice of the war, the French flag has not brought them a barrel of flour, nor exported a lb. of their sugar. To the Spanish colonies also war has changed its nature, and has become the handmaid of commerce and the parent of plenty. In short, all the hostile colonies, whether Spanish, French, or Batavian, derive, from the enmity of G. Britain, their ancient scourge and terror, not inconvenience but advantage. They may say to each other, as Themistocles, said to his children, when enriched during his exile, by the Persian monarch, "we should have been ruined if we had not been undone."
After endeavoring to prove at some length, and with plausibility, that the produce of the enemy's colonies, arrives at the mother country, by the aid of neutrals, with less expence of freight and insurance, than is paid by the British merchant; that exclusive of duties, (sugars are (August) cheaper in France than in England) and that the English planter is undersold in every market in Europe—he says, that "though the preceding statements and calculations naturally lead to this result, it will perhaps be regarded with some astonishment. We defend our colonies at a vast expence; we maintain at a still greater expence, an irresistible navy; we chase the flag of every enemy from every sea, and, at the same moment, the hostile colonies are able, from the superior safety and cheapness of their new-found neutral navigation to undersell us in the continental markets of Europe. Where is the partial compensation now that our planters used to find for the heavy burdens and dangers of wars? If the cost of
their supplies was erroneously enhanced, if war taxes pressed them hard, if freight and insurance was doubled and tripled; if their interior defence became expensive and laborious, and if they were sometimes invaded or plundered by the foe—still the superior pressure of the war upon the hostile colonies, insured to our own the benefits of markets more than commonly advantageous. But by the present unprecedent and artificial state of things, this compensation has been narrowed and almost totally lost; and much of that silently progressive ruin of our old colonies may be traced to this singular source. It appears then, on the whole, that our enemy carries on his colonial commerce under the neutral flag, cheaply as well as safely; that, without the charge of defending his colonies, or their trade, by a single squadron or convoy, he receives nearly all the tribute from them that they would yield under the most expensive protection. The mischief, however, by no means terminates in sustaining the French exchequer; it strikes, in various directions, at the very vitals of our national security; it tends to the depression of our maritime power, and to the exaltation of the navy of France. By this licentious use of the neutral flag, the enemy is enabled to employ his whole military marine in purposes of offensive war. He is not obliged to maintain a squadron or a ship, for the defence of his colonial ports; and by avoiding the dispersion of his maritime force, and the consequent risk of its defeat and capture, he obtains, by its concentration near the seat of empire, a most formidable advantage. After enlarging upon the advantages accruing to the belligerent from their commerce being conducted entirely by neutrals, in the direction of their whole marine to purposes purely offensive—in preserving their vessels from destruction of battle or of weather, and their seamen from capture, he proceeds to the consideration "of the remedy for these evils, and the right of applying it; and this remedy he considers as sufficiently obvious:—"If neutrals have no right," he says, "but through our own gratuitous concession, to carry on the colonial trade of our enemies, we may, after a reasonable notice, withdraw that ruinous indulgence. If, after the revocation of the licence, the commerce shall be still continued, we may justifiably punish the violators of our belligerent rights, by the seizure and confiscation of such ships, as shall be found engaged in the offence, together with their cargoes. But is this a case in which we have a right to any remedy at all?—This, if attended with doubt, would be indeed a most important question. If it cannot be satisfactorily answered on the part of our country, there should be an end to every thought of resistance, if not to complaint. Nothing can be more advantageous for us than the suppression of this commerce, but if, like the advice censured by Aristides, it requires a breach of justice, let us inflexibly abstain." He proceeds to assert, that in this case, neutral right and visible expediency harmonize—that it should first be observed that the neutral powers have all assented to the rule of the war of 1756, in point of principle, by submitting to its partial application—that whatever indulgence Great Britain may have since that time granted to neutrals—self preservation now demands the revocation—That the trade in question has been shown to be ruinous to her present hopes in the war, and her future prospects—that it would be a most extraordinary situation for two friendly powers to stand in if the one had a right to do any thing which is destructive to the other, and yet that the continuance of this trade, by states at present in amity with G. Britain, will, in its natural consequence, draw down destruction upon her—That she is engaged in a contest, the adverse issue of which may be fatal to her safety, and that, if the cutting off the colonial resources of her enemies be a necessary means of preventing such an issue, to dispute her right is to dispute her right of self defence. But waving the argument of necessity he proceeds to consider, and to deny the right of the neutral flags to avail themselves of their admission into the ports of the hostile colonies, and, after several pages devoted to this enquiry, he proceeds, "After all that has been said or can be said on this important subject, one plain question will probably be felt to be decisive by every equitable mind."
"Quo animo? With what intention did the enemy open the ports of his colonies to foreign flags?"
"If it was with commercial views, or for the mere sake of imparting a benefit to friendly powers, their acceptance of the boon may perhaps be justifiable, but if the single, undissembled manifest object, was to obtain protection and advantage in the war, to preserve his colonial interests, without the risk of defending them, and to shield himself, in this most vulnerable part, against the naval hostilities of England, I say, if such was the manifest and known purpose of the measure, I see not how any dispassionate mind can doubt for a moment, that a co-operation in such an expedient, by powers in amity with Eng-

land, was a violation of the duties of neutrality." That this was the sole intention of the belligerents, he proves from their conduct after the peace of Amiens. So far was the change of colonial system from being permanent, as was argued on behalf of the neutral claimants, in the last war, that orders were sent to reverse it the moment the sword was sheathed, and, on the other hand, the first advices of a new war with G. Britain were accompanied, in all the colonies, with orders to open their ports again to their former extent. He concludes the second division by asserting, that as in its motives and purposes, the whole transaction is of a hostile character, so are the effects actually produced of a kind most directly hostile and injurious;—that the illegality of this commerce, as is certain as its mischievous tendency; and to engage in it is to interpose in the war, for the purpose of rescuing the enemy from the superior naval force of G. Britain, or, in the terms of an expressive metaphor sometimes applied to it, "hosti imminentem eripere hostem;" and that the merchants who thus violate the duties, have no claim to the rights of neutrality.
In considering the third division of his subject, viz. "of the prudence of applying the proposed remedy in regard to the colonial trade," the author contemplates some degree of complaint and remonstrance, on the part of the neutral powers. "But would they," says he, "if firmly and temperately resisted, push the controversy into a quarrel? Would they maintain their pretensions to the trade in question at the expence of a war with G. Britain? I firmly believe they would not, because I am sure they ought not, whether they regard their honor, their duty, or their interest. But it is not my purpose to recommend a total and unqualified prohibition of even the colonial trade. We might perhaps, without any very serious mischief, extend to all the ports of the French colonies, and to every neutral nation the privileges enjoyed by Americans at some of those ports in time of peace. Nay, we might perhaps allow an intercourse of the same species, and subject to similar restrictions with the colonies of Spain and Holland. If permitted to retain such a portion of the trade in question, together with all the rest of such existing commerce, as is the fair fruit of their neutrality, in every quarter of the globe, what motives could these nations find for their further and unjust pretensions by arms? To suppose that commercial interest would excite them to do so is to suppose that for the sake of a part, they would wilfully sacrifice the whole."
The remainder of this pamphlet is occupied by his suppositions on the possible evils which might result from a state of hostility with the neutral powers (an event which however he appears earnestly to deprecate) compared with the evils, under which he considers G. Britain laboring, in consequence of the present extent of the neutral trade; and this latter he does not hesitate to consider as the most alarming.
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
REPORT.
The committee, to whom was referred so much of the message of the President of the United States of the third of December, as relates to the organization and classification of the militia, and to the augmentation of the land forces.
REPORT, IN PART:
In relation to a classification and new organization of the militia. The most extensive view of this part of the subject, which has occurred to the committee, is, a division of the militia into four classes, in the following manner, viz. those between eighteen and twenty-one years of age, to compose one class; those between twenty-one and twenty-six, to compose a second class; those between twenty-six and thirty-five, to compose a third class; and those between thirty-five and forty-five, to compose the fourth class, each class to be under a separate organization, and to be commanded by separate corps of officers. To this kind of organization, as it relates to the first class, we are met by a constitutional objection. By the constitution of the United States, congress are empowered "to provide for organizing, arming and disciplining the militia, reserving to the states, respectively, the appointment of the officers."
By some of the state constitutions it is provided, that the captains and subalterns of the militia shall be chosen by such of the persons who compose the respective companies, as are upwards of twenty-one years of age, so that there is no constitutional provision by which such states can appoint officers to command a class of the militia composed of minors.
Knowledge of tactics, and an acquaintance with subordination and discipline, are acquirements of such importance to our national defence that the promotion of them among the militia, ought to be a primary object with the government, and, no doubt, is exceedingly desirable in the minds of the individual citizens. But such means ought to be adopted by the government, as are best calculated to effect the object with as little fatigue and expence to individuals, as the nature of the case will admit. It is conceived, that the fatigue and expence of military discipline is, in a very great degree, proportionate to the population of the different parts of the country where the duty is performed, or, in other words, it is proportionate to the distance each individual, composing the different corps, is compelled to travel to reach his place of parade under the present organization of the
militia, this idea is fully verified; the difference in the expence of militia meetings in those parts of the country where the inhabitants are the most dispersed, when compared with similar meetings in the more populous parts, is very apparent; and, besides, the nature of the case compels us to believe, that the same cause will produce a similar disparity in military acquirements.
These, however, are evils which grow out of the nature of the case, and cannot be remedied but by the increase of population, because the principles of the organization are calculated to render the formation of the different corps as compact as is consistent with proper military arrangements.
By the organization and classification of the militia in the manner which has been named, the limits of each corps must be extended over four times the quantity of territory it now occupies, and consequently would burden the citizens with a proportionate additional expense in the acquisition of a competent portion of military information, or operate as a proportionate preventive to such acquisition. The subject has been viewed in another point of light, that is, to call on the two senior classes to exercise but once in a year, so as to proportion the quantum of exercise to the extension of the corps. In this case all the evils attendant on the extension of the different corps over additional territory, will attach to the junior classes, which could attach to them in the other case; and the consequent hazard of a failure in discipline will remain.
Military knowledge, like that of every other science, without practice, is soon forgotten; and although it is not probable that the whole of the militia will be needed in the field, at any one time, yet, in case of invasion, it is very possible that all who are in the vicinity of the assailants, may be necessary, and as it is uncertain at what point an enemy may make his attack, all should be prepared to meet such an event; but from a deficiency in discipline, or the want of a competent knowledge in tactics in the two senior classes only, an important opportunity for a speedy extermination of an enemy might be lost, and the lives of many valuable citizens put in jeopardy. It is therefore believed that this experiment is inadmissible.
Another view of this subject has suggested a classification of the militia, by ages, under the existing organization, for the sole purpose of designating those persons who are under twenty-six years of age, as the only proper objects of militia duty in the field, except in cases of great emergency, and in their particular vicinage. From eighteen to twenty-one years of age, is a period of life in which the young men of the United States are employed in completing an education, in pursuit of mechanical information, or in acquiring a necessary acquaintance with some other branch of business, occupation, or profession, on the improvement of which they calculate to obtain a subsistence; from twenty-one to twenty-six, they are improving their previous acquirements in their various occupations and professions, thereby laying a foundation for a decent support of themselves and families through life. This is a period also, at which the young men of the United States generally engage in matrimony, and become chargeable with families, all which renders their time as dear to them from eighteen to twenty-six years of age, as at any other period of life.
It would seem, therefore, that an arrangement which would compel this class of our citizens to bear the principal part of the burthen of national defence, might justly be deemed a departure from that principle of distributive justice, which ought to be a paramount characteristic of the government of the United States.
That young men would better endure the fatigues of a long campaign, than those more advanced in life, is not doubted; but whether on a sudden emergency, they would be more useful in repulsing an enemy than an equal number of enrolled militia, on an average, from eighteen to forty-five, is a question of doubt; if however, it should be considered that the advantage is in favor of the young men, it is confidently believed, that the advantage in that case, to the public, would not be of sufficient magnitude to justify the government in imposing on them such an unequal burthen.
If the proposed system should be adopted the total derangement of the existing organization of the militia, must be the consequence. It may be proper here again to remark, that by the constitution of the United States is vested in the general government, the power "to provide for organizing, arming and disciplining the militia, and for governing such part of them as may be employed in the service of the United States; but the same article of the constitution as expresses, in "reserving to the states respectively, the appointment of the officers, and the authority of training the militia according to the discipline prescribed by congress." By this arrangement in the constitution, the powers necessary to produce an efficient militia, are divided between the general government and the state governments. In pursuance of the power vested in the general government, on this subject, congress did, in the year 1792, pass an act to establish an uniform militia throughout the United States, which act seems to embrace all the principles in the case delegated to congress. Soon after the passage of that law by congress, a consideration of the subject was assumed by the legislatures or all the states, and laws have been passed by all the states for carrying that system into effect, so that by the co-operation
of the general government and the state governments, the militia are now completely organized and officered throughout the union. It is now thirteen years since this system has been in operation; the people practising under it have in a great degree become acquainted with it, and attached to it; and in many parts of the union military discipline is rapidly progressing under it, and it cannot with propriety be doubted, that the militia of the United States under the existing organization are amply competent to a defence against the intrusion of any invading enemy. To derange this system then, and introduce one totally new and untried, one in which it is not certain that the state legislatures will concur and which is of doubtful aspect, as it relates to the approbation of the body of the people, would, in the opinion of the committee, at this important crisis of our national affairs, be putting too much at risque.
They, therefore, recommend the following resolution.
Resolved, That it is inexpedient to adopt measures for the classification, or new organization of the militia.
Fresh Garden Seeds, &c.
THEOPHILUS HOLT respectfully informs his friends and the public that he has received from London per ship Maria to Baltimore, and for sale, a very extensive assortment of fresh Garden Seeds, garden tools, grass seeds, bird seed. Split peas and flour of mustard by the pound.
He also has for sale a variety of bulbous flower roots, fruit trees, flowering shrubs, Lombardy poplars, &c. &c.
The customary allowance made to Gardeners and those who purchase to sell again.
Washington City, Dec. 13. 1807 P. S. An assortment of the garden seeds are for sale at Dr. Ott's George Town.
On the first day of April next, or (if not fair) on the next fair day at noon, will be offered at
PUBLIC SALE
To the highest bidder, for ready money, that very desirable and well known estate formerly the property of James M'Cawley, esq. Called THE ROCKS;
Situated upon the river Shenandoah, in the county of Jefferson, Virginia. It consists of 300 acres of Land (by estimation) more than one third in woods, and has upon it a variety of the most useful improvements with a large scope of river bottom and other distinguished natural advantages. The upland is remarkably adapted to the use of plough & very productive. It will be sold either in one body, or in the convenient divisions of the farm the mill the distillery and the Ferry with a tavern for the accommodation of travellers; to each of which a suitable quantity of Land will be attached, by a division to be made previous to the sale.
This farm of about 760 acres with plenty of wood and water, including 80 acres of the richest river bottom, a part of the arable land of an excellent quality with a large and commodious dwelling, the necessary out houses, two barns &c. &c. may be had at a price which deserves the attention of any gentleman who wishes a farm detached from the mill property. &c.
Also at the same time, on the same terms, has for sale a tract of 300 acres, situated near the Rocks called THE MEADOW FARM,
about 2 3/4 m. west, with fine meadow ground, arable land, well adapted to the use of plough & a good mill as with a convenient quantity of water, and convenient farm houses.
The Meadow Farm of only 115 acres 3 4ths still undivided adjacent to the Meadow Farm. The object in this sale being to raise as much money as may be necessary to release the property encumbered that exists on the above property; if the several purchasers produce the sum required, they will respectively be allowed a credit of part of the purchase money, as an inducement to them to buy as largely as they may wish to do; and no money will be required, but in exchange for a clear deed.
PER IVANDO FAIRFAX.
Charles Town Dec. 23. 1807—3m—wtf N. B. The sale will take place at the Rocks; and should any of the above land be previously disposed of by private sale, notice will be published in due time.
IRON WORKS
ON THE POTOMAC.
The subscriber has for Sale or Rent, a 2200 feet for a Furnace upon the North Branch of Potomac in Hampshire county, with plenty of ore already investigated at considerable expence and found to be good, a constant and sufficient stream with up wards of 30 feet fall, and a tract of more than 9000 acres of well timbered land; enough of which is arable to form a complete establishment. Connected with this may also be rented the forge built by Mr. John Potts at the Great Falls of Potomac, now the property of the subscriber. It is conceived that these two facts are particularly worthy of the notice of Iron Masters of capital; as they are fully adequate to the supply of iron, in its various forms, to an extensive country, having great demand for that article, both above and below the Blue Ridge. The Hampshire property is free from every encumbrance, and the payment of a very few thousand dollars due to the proprietor of the fee simple at the Great Falls (my lease of which is for upwards of 900 years at a low rent) for rents in arrears prior to my purchase, will render this property clear; and afford a complete establishment for all the various manufactures of iron, as well as for mills, with a convenient farm, &c. &c.
I have lots equally eligible (if not superior) for furnace and forge, upon the river Shenandoah in this county, with ore wood, and water, all convenient and abundant: which may be rented for a long term of years, with rich farming land attached thereto.
PER IVANDO FAIRFAX.
Charles town, Jefferson Co. Virg. November 16—wtf
WASHINGTON CITY.
WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 8.
The memorial, presented to Congress, by the merchants of New-York, on the invasion of our neutral rights, will command the deepest attention. The sentiments it announces are truly American, such as it becomes the citizens of this western world to cherish, to avow, and to rise or fall in asserting. That the unjust conduct of Britain, if persisted in, would drive the great body of the nation into the adoption of such sentiments, we have never entertained a doubt, since our mind was awakened to its injustice and enormity. But that the mercantile part of the community would stand prepared to give it a firm, temperate and decisive resistance, we have not heretofore been ready to say. The memorial from New-York, by far the first commercial depot in the union, has gone far to dissipate our doubts, and to convince us that the great national question at issue, a question intimately allied to that of national independence, will be sustained by the patriotism of all classes of our citizens; and that no suggestions of a timid or temporary policy, no degrading fears of momentary sacrifices, will thwart the adoption of measures of justice and vigor. The memorial places the British decisions in their true light, by representing them, what in truth they are, as parts of a gigantic plan to destroy the rising commerce, wealth and power of the United States. They are nothing short of war in disguise , of which, we trust, the American people are too wise to be the dupes, and too spirited to be the victims.
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES.
MONDAY, JANUARY 6.
The Speaker laid before the House a letter received by him from David Rumsey, representing that his son, though possessed of a protection, had been impressed by the British; and that, notwithstanding his most strenuous exertions, he is unable to obtain his release. The letter is couched in unlettered, but pathetic terms, and concludes in the following manner: "I lost an estate by lending money to carry on the revolutionary war, and I suffered every thing but death, by being a prisoner among them (the British) in Canada. I lay fifteen months in close confinement, when I bore the rank of a full captain; and if this is all the liberty I have gained, to be bereaved of my children in that form, and they made slaves, I had rather be without it. I hope that Congress will take some speedy methods to relieve our poor distressed children from under their wretched hands, whose tenderest mercy is cruelty."
Referred.
Mr. Varnum from the committee on that part of the President's Message which relates to the organization of the militia, the augmentation of the land forces, &c. made a further report in part, submitting a bill, authorising a detachment of the militia of the United States; which was referred to a committee of the whole to-morrow.
The bill authorises the President of the United States to require the Executives of the respective states to hold their quota of one hundred thousand militia in readiness to march at a moment's warning; authorises the acceptance of volunteer corps as a part of the detachment, and appropriates dollars for the purposes of the act.
Mr. Clinton presented a memorial from the merchants of the city of New-York.
The memorial commences with expressing the deepest anxiety and alarm at the recent conduct of Great Britain, as invasive of neutral rights, and destructive of the just and heretofore authorised trade of the United States. The memorialists declare their most decided protest against the doctrine recently set up by British tribunals, which they pronounce to be in direct violation of an incontestible right. They repel with indignation the insinuation of fraud or chicane. They say that, in the British doctrine, they perceive that the ancient land mark is removed, but they cannot see in its room a beacon to direct their course. They view that doctrine as indicative of a system devised for the entire destruction of the colonial trade, which forms the most important branch of foreign commerce. From this unprecedented doctrine they appeal to the ancient principles which regulate the intercourse of nations. They declare that the maintenance of such a principle as Britain asserts, must in the present unparralled situation of affairs, be destructive of the commerce of the United States.
After these and other impressive preliminary remarks, the memorialists proceed to a detail of some of the most serious consequences that could not fail to result from the assertion of the British doctrine. Among these it is represented that it could not fail to disturb the whole interior relations of the citizens of the United States of every description—that it would deprive us of foreign articles that we want & compel us either to take articles that we do not want, or to suffer our surplus produce to perish on our hands—that it would probably lead to retaliating measures on the part of other nations than Great Britain, which would inevitably draw in their train the devastations of war—that it would turn capital into new channels; that it would lead to the construction that every essential article of subsistence was contraband—and that under the pretext of destroying the trade of her enemies Great Britain is about to appropriate to her own use that of her friends.
The memorialists represents the humiliating and oppressive conduct of British ships of war before the ports and harbors of the United States; repel the insinuation that the American flag is the fraudulent cover of enemies property; and declare that the portion of this commerce attached to the port of New-York is so trifling as to be altogether unworthy of notice.
The memorialists declare a firm reliance on the justice and energy of the government, and a confidence in their doing nothing which shall abandon the great rights of commerce.
Representing the defenceless state of their port, they express a hope that energetic measures will be pursued for its defence.
They state the opinion that in the present state of our naval force, it is time to cease parlying with the pirates of the West Indies.
They conclude with representing the present crisis as peculiarly serious and perilous, and as requiring the cordial co-operation of every class of citizens with the government of the United States.
The memorial is stated to have been signed by the unanimous order of the merchants assembled on the 26th of December.
On the motion of Mr. Clinton, this memorial was referred to a committee of the whole on the state of the union; & ordered to be printed.
This memorial, of which we have thus given a very imperfect sketch, is couched in terms of dignity, is animated by a bold spirit, and is replete with important information and argument. We shall, as soon as possible, offer it at full length.
Mr. Findley, from the committee of Elections, to whom was referred, the petition of John Douglass, praying the House of Representatives of the United States, to appoint a commission to set in Philadelphia, for the purpose of investigating the election of Michael Leib, returned as a member of this House from the state of Pennsylvania, that if the same be found illegal, a new election may be granted, reported, that having, according to order, had the same under consideration, they submit the following
REPORT— A petition against the election of any person returned as a member of the House of Representatives ought to state the ground on which the election is contested, with such certainty, as to give reasonable notice thereof to the sitting member, and to enable the House to judge whether the same be verified by the proof, and if proved, whether it be sufficient to vacate the seat; and the petitioner ought not to be admitted to give evidence of any fact not substantially alleged in his petition.
In the present case, the petition contains no direct or specific charge of an illegality in the election. The only allegations are general and indirect, this is, by a history of the proceedings of certain meetings and committees of electors, and by reference to a subjoined report of one of those committees and the documents accompanying it, which documents appear to be seven exparte depositions, not admissible in evidence, and not deemed proper to be considered as parts of the petition, by being generally referred to therein.
The committee are of opinion, that on such a petition there can be no satisfactory trial of the merits of the election in question; and therefore recommend the following resolution:
Resolved, That the petitioner have leave to withdraw his petition and the papers accompanying the same.
The House immediately took the resolution into consideration, and agreed to it without debate or division.
Mr. Nicholson presented a memorial from the Board of Trustees for the education of youth in the City of Washington, stating the measures taken by the board in the establishment of an academy, and the contemplated establishment of higher institutions; and requesting Congress to aid their views by the donation of city lots, by authorising a lottery, and by such other measures as they may see fit to take.
Referred to a committee of five members.
Mr. Crowninshield observed that, at the last session, there had been a return made to the House of the American seamen impressed by British vessels, which had not been acted upon. Since that period these impressions had increased in a most astonishing degree. It was a fact that from 2,500 to 3,000 of our best seamen were detained by the British. We want, said Mr. C. the services of this useful class of men. That the attention of the House may be drawn to the subject, in order that proper measures may be taken by the government, I have drawn up the following resolution:
Resolved, That the Secretary of State be directed to lay before this House, a return of the number of American seamen who have been impressed or detained by the ships of war or privateers of Great Britain, whose names have been reported to the department of state since the statement was made to the House at the last session of Congress, mentioning the names of the persons impressed, with the names of the ships and vessels by which they were impressed, and the time of the impressment, together with any facts and circumstances in relation to the same, which may have been reported to him; stating also the whole number of American seamen impressed from the commencement of the present war in Europe, and including, in a separate column, the number of passengers, if any, who may have been taken out of American vessels coming to the U. S. from Europe.
Mr. Elliot said that in seconding the motion of the gentleman from Massa-

MEMORIAL OF THE MERCHANTS OF THE CITY OF NEW-YORK.
To the President of the United States, and the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled: the memorial of the merchants of the city of New-York.
YOUR memorialists beg leave respectfully to approach the government of their country, on subjects of great importance, which have affected their minds with the deepest anxiety and alarm.
Confiding in the justice and friendly dispositions of the government of Great Britain, and entertaining a correspondent expectation that no unusual restrictions would be imposed on neutral commerce, without adequate motives and the most ample notice; presuming especially, that commercial enterprises, commenced under the sanction of established principles, would on no account be affected by a change of system; your memorialists have employed a vast capital in importing various colonial productions, the surplus of which, exceeding the demands of this country, they have been accustomed to export freely to the different markets of Europe.
After this commerce had been prosecuted without restriction for several years, and had attracted a great proportion of their wealth; after their insurers had assumed immense responsibilities, grounded on an opinion, that this trade was strictly regular; having never received the slightest intimation, that it could be deemed incompatible with the rights of a belligerent nation, they have been suddenly confounded, by unexpected intelligence of the arrestation on the high seas, of a large portion of their property, which had been embarked with the most unsuspecting confidence.
The feelings of your memorialists are not only excited, by the losses which they have actually sustained, in consequence of a measure unsusceptible of previous calculation, but also from the state of uncertainty in which they are placed, with respect to future commercial operations.
Your memorialists have heretofore believed, that commerce between the United States and colonies subject to the enemies of Great Britain, when bona fide prosecuted on their own account, would be perfectly safe from interruption; They have also believed, that all articles, which might be securely imported into the United States, might be as securely exported; with the exceptions well understood, both in respect to the import and export trade, of commerce with places blockaded, or in articles contraband of war.
In a recent interpretation of what is considered by the tribunals of Great Britain as a direct trade, between the colonies and the parent countries of their enemies, your memorialists perceive with concern, the development of a principle, which, if conceded on the part of the United States, must prove fatal to their commercial importance.
It is understood to have been decided, that whenever it appears to be the intention of the importer of colonial produce, to export the same to Europe; or, whenever it is so exported by the original importer, such intention or exportation, shall be evidence of a direct trade, and subject the property, though neutral, to confiscation.
Your memorialists consider it their bounden duty to themselves and their country, to express their most decided opposition to this decision.
As to the evidence arising from the supposed intention of an importer, they readily admit, that the great quantities of colonial produce, which are acquired by means of the American commerce, exceeding the demand for consumption in the United States, will fairly justify a general presumption that the surplus is ultimately destined for European markets. They assert, however, that the intention of a merchant, in respect to the future destination of his property, must, from the nature of things, be inconclusive. All plans of business, formed by individuals, are liable to be affected by circumstances, not to be foreseen or controlled; these plans are therefore necessarily revocable by those who form them; and an intention which has not been executed, proves nothing more than might justly be inferred from a general presumption, arising from the course of our commerce. To apply such an intention, in a particular case, to the prejudice of an individual; to presume that he has voluntarily incurred an immense risk, which consistently with the success of his main object, he might have fairly avoided, and to involve him in ruin for prosecuting a trade, which, if undertaken with a different motive, would have been declared lawful; would be, in the opinion of your memorialists, to confound and reverse the best established principles of reason, equity and law.
Your memorialists contend for no innovations on the law of nations; and, except where special treaties have prescribed a different rule, they admit that they may lawfully be restrained from transporting the property of the parties engaged in war. In the recent decision which prohibits an importer from exporting it to Europe, they however perceive with concern, either a nugatory and vexatious regulation, or a meditated blow at what they deem an incontestable and valuable right.
Heretofore there existed clear and obvious circumstances of discrimination between the direct trade, which Great Britain has assumed the right of denying to neutrals, and the indirect or circuitous trade, which she admits to be lawful. The direct trade could be performed by a single shipment or voyage;
whereas the circuitous trade subjected the property to double freights and insurances, to deductions in favor of the revenue, and various other expenses in this country.
If the arrival of a ship in the country to which it belongs; the landing of the cargo; the inspection of the custom house; the payment or security of duties; do not terminate a voyage; then we confess our ignorance on a point, which, never having been before questioned, has been assumed by us as an acknowledged truth. If the entry for exportation; the embarkation of merchandise; the re-inspection of the custom house; the bond for securing a delivery in a foreign country, and a public clearance, do not indicate the commencement of a new voyage, then we are yet to learn the meaning of the expression. If all the formalities and sanctions established for the security of our revenue; if operations of immense magnitude, transacted with the greatest publicity, and without any motive for concealment, are considered as unreal representations, and merely colourable & fraudulent contrivances to cover an illicit trade, between the colonies and the parent countries of the enemies of Great Britain; then it becomes necessary, both in regard to our characters and interests, to enquire, whether the new regulations establish a more definite criterion for the discovery of truth?
We repel with indignation the suggestion, that the trans-shipment of property for a foreign market, by the original importer, is evidence of fraud or chicanery; or that, unsupported by other circumstances, it can justify a suspicion, that it is other than neutral. In our opinion, any discrimination between the rights of an importing merchant, & a vendor in the United States, is manifestly fallacious, as it virtually asserts, that the former can exercise only an imperfect dominion over property lawfully acquired, and possessed in this country, while at the same time he can convey to the latter a title to a privilege not enjoyed by himself; in short, that a trade is unlawful, when the advantage is to result to one person, but may be rendered lawful, by being participated with another.
If the new doctrine is executed in the mildest form, its operation must be highly injurious; by originating new questions for litigation, and of course, subjecting all our commerce to new hazards of interruption. We presume not, however, to comprehend, to what extent, or in what manner, the principle will be applied; we perceive, that the ancient land-mark has been removed, but we seek in vain for a beacon to direct our course;—If we inquire whether a bona fide sale and delivery of merchandise, by an importer, being a citizen, to another known citizen of the United States, for a valuable consideration, will, as in ordinary cases, be conclusive evidence of a transfer of property, and the answer is affirmative; then we complain, that our ships have been detained, the rates of insurance enhanced, and our property confiscated for the establishment of a rule, which, when once understood, will become nugatory, and cease to produce any commercial or political effect. If on the other hand, this evidence is not to be deemed conclusive, we profess ourselves to be utterly at a loss to discover, what proofs of ownership, and neutrality of property can with safety be relied on.
But these embarrassments, though perplexing and vexatious, are not those which principally occasion our solicitude. We are compelled to consider the late decisions of the British tribunals, as preliminary steps towards a system for controlling the importations and exportations of colonial productions, and thereby annihilating the most lucrative branches of our foreign commerce.
If we owed this trade solely to the favor of G. Britain; still we might ask, what urgent motive, what imperious necessity, required that the favor should be resumed, at a period when our commerce was spread over the ocean, and when a change so essential might destroy its security, and subject us to inculcable loss?
We deny, however, that the rights of commerce, as claimed by us, are to be deemed favours; on the contrary, if the law of nations is other than a temporary rule, prescribed by an arbitrary will and enforced by power, then we appeal to its most universal and inviolable principle, in our defence. This principle is, that the goods of a neutral, consisting of articles not contraband of war, in a neutral vessel, employed in a direct trade, between neutral countries, and ports of a belligerent country not invested or blockaded, are protected.
(TO BE CONTINUED.)
20 DOLLARS REWARD.
RANAWAY from the subscriber, living in Frederick county, Virginia, near Front Royal, on the 24th inst. a likely mulatto man named BILL WOOD about 20 years of age, and about 5 feet 6 or 8 inches. The boy was formerly the property of John T. Mason, esq. of George Town; had on when he went away a blue suit, a fustian jacket made of white plains, which he has since dyed black or purple, also a pair or mist kersey pantaloons a pair of white yarn hose made stockings, a home made pair of shoes, a pair of spurs, and I think he has a red colored waistcoat, besides a great many other clothes which I cannot describe—I am informed he has stollen a bay horse or mare, which he was seen with at Rappahannock near Leesburg. It is highly probable that he is making towards Manassas, where he has a mother living, he has also a father living by the name of John Wood.
Whoever will apprehend said fellow and secure him in any jail so that I get him again, shall receive the above reward.
GEORGE BAYLY. January 3 - w4t
DR. MACRUDER,
For sale, an extensive assortment of drugs and medicine, patent medicines, shop furniture, consignment, perfumes, fruits, die stuff, oil, paint, window glass, glaziers diamonds, books and stationery, paper hangings, &c. among them are the best yellow and red bark, salt petre, gunners firs, calomel, jalap, tartar emetic, magnesia, iago, tapioca, arrow root, pearl barley, squa fortis, oil of vitriol, Kooters, Anderson's and Hitchen's essence of mustard, Lee's New London and windham bilious pills, British oil, essence pepper mint, Solomon's and impetigines, or balm of gilead, Godfrey's cordial, Bateman's and Jemmet's drops, Daffy's elixir, Ching's and Hamilton's worm destroying lozenges, essential salt of lemons, Earl's oil, Church's cough drops, Turlington's balsam, quintessence, folis or gold tincture, essence worm seed, Steer's op sedoc, court powder, tooth powder, and brushes, Napier's and Windsor's soap, pomatum, essence of burgamot, lemons and oranges, eau de luce, nutmegs, cinnamon, ginger, cloves, mace, white mustard seed, long pepper, furgeons pocket instruments, cupping and sucking instruments in cases, spring trusses, pearl ailes, logwood, fustic, red wood, madder, a new copper, Spanish indigo, powdered afig blue, red and yellow annatto, gold beater skins, best winter strained lamp oil, about six hundred gallons of linseed oil, which he will sell cheap by the unit; white lead, yellow ochre, Spanish brown, dry and ground in oil, red lead, venetian red, vermillion, Prussian blue, patent green, and yellow, blue venetian yellow orpiment, drop lake, Dutch and rose pink, lamp and ivory black, rotten and pumice stone, black and red and white chalk, water colors in boxes, flasks, white turpentine, j.p.s. copal and mastic varnish, canes, hair pencils, printers brushes, silver and gold leaf, Dutch metal, American and Russian glue, maccob, soft orange flower water, tamarinds and every article of medicine and paint that is needful to complete a compleat assortment, which he is determined to sell at the most reduced prices, especially to those that deal largely. 8 to 10 by 13, 11 by 14, 15, 16 and 18, 13 by 18, 14 by 19, 15 by 20 and 17 by 22 window glass; the domestic eye-cyclops, Benoit's travois in Egypt, Hume's history of England, Lorenzo de Medici, A. Shems church history, Miller's retrospect, detailing the many improvements in science, arts and literature of the eighteenth century, Mitot's general history, March's lives, Koyreche's plays, Johnson's lives of the English poets, quarto bibles with elegant engraving, a variety of religious books and sermons; a compleat assortment of English Latin Greek and French school books, almanacs, copy and cyphering books, copper plate copies, playing cards, pocket books, timothy and red clover seed, rofin by the barrel, &c
January 8 - 32 & w 6t
Madam MARY ANNE PIC,
TAKES the liberty to inform the Ladies and Gentlemen of George Town and the city of Washington, that she hath lately returned from New York and Philadelphia, with an elegant assortment of caps and bonnets. Imperial white chip hats, Epit fraw do. A large assortment of Murray's shoes plain embroidered, Sultan ostrich feathers, Black with low and all colors do. Gold and silver ornaments for the head, Corn and tails do. Wreaths and branches of flowers for do. Straw branches, Crapes of all colors, Spotted do. A fine assortment of ribbons, Lace veils, black and white of a superior quality, Plain tortoise shell combs, Ornamented do such as has never been offered in this place before, Black and grey English mantles long shawls, Damask do. Elastic caps of different colors, Shams for gentlemen, Pelices, muffs, tippets, Pocket books of every description, Bots thread, &c
George Town, Jan. 8 - 3t
NEW INVENTIONS.
Text"> JUST Published, and for sale by the Author, corner of Market and Ninth streets, Also by Jas. Cruikshank, John Conrad and Co. and P. Byrne, booksellers, Philadelphia, a new scientific work on the principle and power of steam, entitled,
The Abortion of the Young Steam Engineer's Guide;
(Price, for the first year, neatly bound and lettered, One Dollar and a quarter In Boards One Dollar.)
CONTAINING,
An investigation of the principles, construction and powers of different Steam Engines. I. A drawing and description of a steam engine on new principles, and of a new construction, already in useful operation. It is much more powerful, more simple, and less expensive, requiring much less fuel, than engines on the old construction; and is application to every purpose for which power may be wanted, from that of a man to one hundred horses. II. Drawings and descriptions of four other patented inventions of useful machines; viz. 1. For breaking and grinding plaster and other hard substances. 2. For packing flour. 3. For cutting straw. 4. For removing earth to make turnpike roads, leveling land, &c. III. A description of a machine and its principles, for cooling water and making ice, in large or small quantities, to supply cities or private families, in hot countries.
By OLIVER EVANS, Of Philadelphia, author of the Millwright and Millers Guide.
The author conceives that he has laid down a new and true theory, and developed principles of nature that may lead to highly important discoveries and improvements; to the saving of many thousand dollars to those who use steam engines, to great improvements in distillation; to the navigation of the Mississippi, etc. against the current.
The author constructs steam engines, on his new principles, suitable for any purpose for which they may be wanted. Dec. 27.
WASHINGTON CITY.
WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 8.
LATEST FOREIGN NEWS.
The British Packet, arrived at New York, brings London papers to the 16th Nov. which contain the following intelligence:
Rear admiral, Sir R. J. Strachan, commanding a division of the English fleet, consisting of 4 sail of the line, has had an engagement off Rochefort, with a detachment of the French fleet from Cadiz, likewise composed of 4 ships of the line, which issued, after a very severe engagement, in the capture of the whole French force.
The London Courier of the 15th observes, "We stated yesterday, that a treaty of offensive and defensive alliance had been concluded between Russia and Prussia. By this treaty Prussia engages to make a common cause with England, Russia and Austria, if Bonaparte does not accede to the terms of peace which have been proposed to him. The object of Duroc's mission to Berlin was to invite Prussia either to join France immediately, or in the event of her not joining her, to preserve a strict neutrality. The first proposition was immediately rejected. When Prussia evinced an intention of no longer remaining neutral, and transmitted a note on the 14th ult. to the French ministers Lusforest and Duroc, Bonaparte in answer to that note demanded peremptorily, that Prussia should immediately declare for or against him. The king of Prussia instantly communicated this peremptory demand to the emperor of Russia, and the two monarchs, in consequence, returned an answer, in which they proposed—"
"That Naples should be evacuated by the French troops; that the treaty of Luneville should be executed to its full extent; that Switzerland and Holland should be declared INDEPENDENT; and that the regal dignity of Italy be forever separated from the Imperial dignity of France. If these propositions were acceded to, Russia promised to evacuate Corsica; but if they were rejected, the Prussian army would commence its operations."
Strasburg, Nov. 4.
Our army continues to advance; the left wing has passed the Rhin near Mannheim, and driven the Russians before them. The Russians have received orders to fall back on Lentz to wait for the second army—but it is more probable that the French will be at Lentz & even at Vienna, before the second Russian army can reach the theatre of war.
NOTICE.
THE Citizens of GEORGE TOWN are requested to meet at Mr. GRAHAM's tavern on Monday evening next, to take the most active measures, to prevent a BRIDGE across the Potomac, in remonstrating to Congress.
At the same time and place, a meeting of the inhabitants of the district of COLUMBIA are requested, to decide on the propriety of petitioning Congress.
RECEDE
THE WHOLE DISTRICT, To the States of MARYLAND and VIRGINIA. January 8 - 3t
Thirty Dollars Reward.
RANAWAY from the subscriber, living in Ann Arundel county, on Monday night, the 9th of December, a negro man named DICK, he is 5 feet 6 or 7 inches high, 38 or 40 years of age, a well set fellow, has a dark complexion, a wide mouth, thick lips, flat nose, and has lost some of his finger nails from a burn when young; when spoken to is apt to look down; had on, and took with him, new kersey jacket and trowsers dyed purple, double soled shoes, coarse yarn stockings, two olabrig shirts, old felt hat, half worn match coat blanket. Whoever secures said fellow in any jail, so that I get him again, shall receive if taken 20 miles from home 15 DOLLARS, if 30 miles 20 DOLLARS, and if 40 miles, or out of this state, the above reward.
HENRY WOODWARD.
N B ALL persons are forewarned harboring, employing, or carrying off said fellow, December 2 - w3t
Advertisement.
THIS is to give notice that the subscriber hath obtained from the Orphans court of Washington county in the district of Columbia, Letters testamentary on the personal estate of Stanley Byss, late of Washington county aforesaid deceased; all persons having claims against the said deceased, are hereby warned to exhibit the same, with the vouchers thereof to the subscriber, at or before the 11th day of June 1806, they may otherwise by law be excluded from all benefit of the said estate. A persons indebted to the said estate are required to make immediate payment to T. H. GILLISS, Executor. Washington City, Dec. 11 - w2m
To be Sold,
Or EXCHANGED for other property in the City, or its vicinity.
TWO valuable and contiguous TRACTS of LAND in the state of Kentucky, the one containing 6880 acres, and the other 625 acres, by late re-survey. They are under old and indisputable titles of more than twenty years, and situate in a populous county, adjoining flourishing settlements. All taxes thereon have been duly paid. Apply to the subscriber, JOHN BECKLEY, City of Washington, November 6 - wtf
chsetts, he felt it a duty to express a hope that the resolution would not only be adopted with perfect unanimity, but that we should no longer stop at the precise point of the adoption of a simple resolution calling for information on this interesting subject. The information which was laid before the House at the last session, with that which has since been derived from the public papers, has produced a loud expression of public indignation, which it is our duty to echo with energy. To prefer every consequence to insult, and habitual wrong, is a sentiment of the Executive, which has been admitted even by its opponents to be correct and honorable. Has the time arrived when it has become indispensably necessary to reduce this principle to practice? Do we suffer insult, and habitual wrong? Our merchants call loudly for the redress of injuries. I hope we shall redress them. Let us extend to them the arm of national protection, but let us extend it also to another class of injured citizens; while we give it to the rich, let us not withhold it from the poor. The groans of our impressed fellow citizens mingle with the murmurs of every gale from the ocean! The queen of that element ought no longer to be suffered to be spangled her diadem with the tears of American seamen, or to substitute her will and her interest for the laws of nature and of nations. It is to be hoped that upon this subject we shall take an attitude worthy of the nation, an attitude not to be abandoned but by obtaining complete justice.
The resolution was then agreed to unanimously.
Mr. J. Randolph said the Committee of Ways and Means had received a letter from the Secretary of the Treasury, with various accompanying documents, on abuses alleged to have taken place in consequence of the evidences of the public debt being receivable in payment for lands; and on the vague provisions at present in force relative to the purchase of the public debt by the commissioners of the sinking fund. Having made a brief explanation of these provisions, Mr. Randolph presented a bill to repeal the act to authorise the receipt of evidences of the public debt in payment for the lands of the U. S. and for other purposes relative to the public debt, which was referred to a committee of the whole on Thursday.
This bill provides, that the act to authorise the receipt of evidences of the public debt in payment for the lands of the U. S. passed March 3, 1797, and so much of any other acts as authorises the same, shall be repealed, after the 31st of March next, and that the commissioners of the sinking fund shall not be authorised to purchase the public debt at higher rates than 60 per cent. of the nominal value of the 5 per cents, than the nominal value of its unredemed amount for any other species, the 8 per cents, only excepted, for which they may give, in addition thereto, at the rate of one half of one per cent. on the nominal value, for each quarterly dividend payable from the time of purchase to Jan. 1, 1809.
At the close of the accompanying letter of the Secretary of the Treasury, he states his intention of submitting to the Committee of Ways and Means, at a future day, a plan for converting the 3 per cents, the old 6 per cents, and the deferred stock, into a new stock, bearing an interest of 6 per cent; by which means the whole public debt contemplated to be discharged at a certain period, may be extinguished.
On motion of Mr. J. Randolph, the galleries were cleared about one o'clock.
The doors continued closed until a short time beyond the usual period of adjournment, when the House adjourned.
Committee on memorial of trustees of the Washington Academy—Messrs. Nicholson, Thomas M. Randolph, Livingston, Jones, and Covington.
TUESDAY, January 8.
Mr. John C. Smith made a report on the petition of — Adams, unfavorable thereto;—Whereupon, resolved, that the prayer of the petition ought not to be granted.
A petition was presented from a number of citizens of Massachusetts, praying that an additional duty may be laid on iron hollow ware of foreign importation, which was referred to the committee of Commerce and Manufactures.
On the motion of Mr. J. Randolph, the galleries were cleared at about 12 o'clock, and continued closed until the House adjourned about the usual hour.
MARRIED—On Thursday evening last by the Rev. Mr. Balch, Dr. Benjamin Prathers of Prince George's county Md. to the amiable and accomplished Miss Eliza Tomkins of George Town.
NOTICE
THE Subscribers to the Washington Public School Institution are hereby informed that the second installment of their subscription is this day due. Those who will make it convenient to call at the city treasurer's office and pay up their installments will much oblige the subscriber, and those who will not make it convenient to call will also much oblige by not permitting the subscriber to call on them the second time.
WASHINGTON BOYD, Treasurer of Public School Institution. Jan. 8 - 2aw4t
NOTICE TO CREDITORS.
THE creditors of the late John Fownes are requested to attend at Rhode's hote in the city of Washington, on the 4th Monday of January next, between the hours of 11 o'clock A. M. and 2 o'clock P. M. when a dividend of the assets in hand will be made, under the direction of the Orphan's court.
SARAH FOWNES, executrix. Washington city, Dec. 25 - 1aw27jan

CHARLES H. VARDEN, MERCHANT TAYLOR, NEW JERSEY AVENUE, NEAR THE CAPITOL. Respectfully informs the gentlemen of the District of Columbia that in addition to his former stock he has received by late arrivals at Philadelphia, from London a choice assortment of superfine cloths, single and double milled cassimeres, Fenners patent cord, woolcoteen and waistcoating, fancy and black silk molekins, all of superior quality and newest fashion, plain and stripe black velvets, constitution cord, knap coatings, finishing flannels, &c, &c with a variety of other articles in his line, and he pledges himself, to those gentlemen who shall favor him with their orders to complete them in the newest style of fashion. N B Ladies habits, regimentals, navy uniforms, made in the most fashionable manner. Washington Dec 18—tf KING'S HOTEL. The subscriber begs leave to inform his friends and the public generally, that he has moved from the Navy Yard to the Capitol Hill, in the hotel lately occupied by Mr. P. D. Stelle, where he hopes to be favoured with a part of their patronage. It being a desirable situation, and the conveniences of the hotel excelled by none in the city. He therefore hopes to please those that call upon him in every instance. WILLIAM R. KING. August 30—tf
NOTICE. By virtue of a decree of the high court of chancery of the state of Maryland will be sold at 12 o'clock on Friday the 17th day of January next at public auction on the premises. Two tracts or parcels of Land in Montgomery county called Magruders purchase and addition to reservoir, on Magruders purchase, but lately distinguished by the name of "Fruit Hills," containing by estimation two hundred and ninety five and one half acres. On the premises are tolerable buildings and an excellent orchard. The whole situated about five or six miles from the city of Washington and George Town, and has great facilities of communication in all directions. The terms of sale are that the purchaser shall at his or her election either pay the purchase money on day of sale or on the day of the ratification of the sale by the chancel or which will not be less than five weeks nor more than six weeks from the day of sale, and will be notified in the newspaper where the sale is advertised. NICHOLS BREWER, Trustee. Nov. 29—tdf
WILL be given for apprehending negro TAME a very low and tolerable ludy woman about 38 years of age, but from appearance older, very black and much marked with the small pox which occasioned a small defect in one of her eyes, has lost one of her foreteeth, &c in very artful and cunning, having procured a free pass, and passes by the name of Charity Shorter; she was formerly the property of John Chittenden of this county, and was run away from near eight years, was apprehended and sold to me in 1803 and was hired by me to a certain Thomas King of Prince George's county, from whom she absconded in Oct. 1804 and has been lurking, I do suppose near where she was hired or gone to Calvert county where I have under stood her husband has gone. The above reward will be given to any person who will lodge her in jail so that I get her again, or deliver her to Mr. Samuel Speke of city of Washington, or to the subscriber living in Charles county Maryland, near Port Tobacco. P. S. I forewarn any person from harboring or employing said woman, at their peril. MASSE SIMMS. Nov. 27—tf
On a liberal credit. THE subscriber will dispose of at private sale, his estate called Chichester, lying on the eastern branch, immediately opposite the city of Washington. This tract of land containing 697 acres is laid off in lots from 83 to 144 acres for the convenience of purchasers. Plats of the estate and the terms of sale are in the hands of colonel Hanlon at the navy yard, and Charles Wayman of George Town. The lots will be shown by Mr. Wedden, living on the premises, near the Eastern Branch Bridge. ANTHONY ADDISON. Barnaby, 12th June 1805—tf LUMBER Wanted Immediately.
PROPOSALS sealed up, post paid & addressed to Robert Underwood, of this city, will be received until the fourth Monday in the present month, stating precisely the lowest terms on which the proposer is willing to contract for supplying the following described lumber, to be delivered at the Tibbet creek, in this city, and which is designed for improving the navigation of said creek, so as to admit vessels of One Hundred Tons and upwards to pass up at least 3000 feet from its junction with the Potomac, viz. 4 or 500 Red Cedar or White Oak posts, from 15 to 18 feet long, capable of squaring 7 inches at the but end, and to designate the price of each kind of timber. Four hundred White Oak Poles, 20 feet long, to square 3 1/2 or 4 inches at the top end. Thirty thousand feet of 2 inch pitch pine plank, from 10 to 12 feet long. Washington city, Dec. 16—tf
Adam King, and Co. Have this day received, and are now opening a very handsome assortment of FALL Goods with which they can afford to accommodate their customers on better terms than they are usually bought, and which having arrived to late in the season induces them to sell by the piece or package at the most reduced prices for cash or tobacco. They have also added to their former stock of old wines and liquors, a complete assortment of groceries, and expect in a few days a large supply of fresh fruits—they have likewise on hand a large and general assortment of hard ware and cutlery. Geo. Town, Dec. 2—tf
CENTREVILLE ACADEMY. ON the second day of January next an academy will be opened in this place for the reception of students under the direction of the Rev. Mr. SNYDER, assisted by one or more Ushers. This Gentleman has conducted different Academies for the space of several years past, with great credit; his department is conformation to his station, and to the accomplishments of the scholar he adds the happy facility of exciting in his pupils the symptoms of literary genius, and to cultivate their mental improvements. In this institution will be taught the Latin and Greek Languages; the English Language grammatically; Geography, History, Elocution; the various branches of the Mathematics; Writing; Arithmetic and Book Keeping. There are few places in our country more advantageously situated for an institution of this nature, than this. Its situation is very elevated and the air salubrious; and in the centre of a remarkably healthy neighborhood; the necessaries of life are cheap and may easily be procured. The frugal attention will be paid to the morals of the students both in and out of school. The terms of tuition will be; for the Latin and Greek Languages, including Geography, &c 25 DOLLARS; for the Mathematics 20 DOLLARS; for Reading, Writing, and Arithmetic, 14 DOLLARS per annum, paid quarterly in advance. A small contribution will be required from each pupil for the purchase of fire wood. Centreville, Dec 18—cp
WANTED, A WOMAN that understands plain cooking and house work; likewise a GIRL of about 14 years of age to take care of children none need apply but those who can bring unexceptionable recommendations. Enquire at the and house from the west end of the Six Buildings and at this office. Nov. 27—tf
A valuable Tract of Land containing Four Hundred and Fourteen acres, and Fourteen Perches.—This truly fertile spot may justly be ranked as first rate land, the soil being extremely rich, capable of producing wheat, hemp, flax, clover, timothy, Indian corn and fine tobacco; the greater part of this beautiful place lies extremely level, and we should do injustice to it, did we neglect to say that few places are equal and none can excel it; the improvements are convenient and in tolerable repair, and as it is presumable those who are inclined to purchase will view the premises previous to the day of sale, it renders a full detail of the improvements unnecessary. This place lies within four miles of Nottingham and about six from Pig Point, has a sufficiency of timber and wood to support it, a tolerable apple orchard, with other fruit trees. The terms of sale are, that bond and approved security will be required, on the day of sale, payable in two equal payments, the first in twelve, and the second in eighteen months, with yearly interest on the purchase money unpaid, the sale to be subject to the ratification and confirmation of the court, and upon the whole purchase money and interest being paid (and not before) the purchaser or purchasers will receive an indispensible title to the premises to be bargained and sold. Possession will be given on the day of sale. This land will be sold altogether or in lots as may appear most conducive to the interest of the representatives. Joseph Blake, Charles Williamson, Richard Ireland, Jun. } Com'rs. Nov. 27—2m The subscriber will fulfil his present engagements, but declines undertaking any new business in the territory of Columbia. His office is removed to the house lately occupied by Charles Wayman, where Mr. Francis S. Key will attend and conduct as an attorney at Law any professional business of a legal kind. PHILIP B. KEY. George Town, December 23—2w CITY OF WASHINGTON, Sept. 9, 1805. Several persons under the impression that the public lots in this city are to be disposed of in future by public sales only, having made enquiries when the next sale will probably take place, we are requested to state that those lots may at any time be purchased at private sale of the Superintendent of the City. Sept. 9—tf
The Partnership of JOHN CROW & I. H. C. WRIGHT, Trading under the firm of Crow and Wright is this day dissolved by mutual consent those indebted to the said firm are requested to make immediate payment to Thomas C. Wright, and all persons having any claim thereon, are requested to send them in without delay, as the books will be closed and put into the hands of Thomas Herty for collection and suit after the 25th of December. JOHN CROW, THOS. C. WRIGHT. George Town, Nov. 30. The business will be conducted in future at the same place by THOS. C. WRIGHT, for cash. December 9—1m
Notice is hereby given, that the subscriber is authorized by the administrator to collect all debts due to the estate of John Dunlap late of George Town deceased. All persons indebted are therefore desired to tell and settle their accounts, as otherwise suits will be commenced immediately. JOHN MURDOCH. George Town, Dec. 12—tf
ELIAS B. CALDWELL, ATTORNEY AT LAW, HAS removed his Office, to the house lately occupied by Mr. Law, on Capitol Hill, Washington, July 26—tf
NOTICE, THE Commissioners appointed by virtue of a commission of Bankruptcy issued and awarded on the 10th April 1802 against Washington Bowie, will meet at the Union Tavern on Saturday the 18th day of February next at 10 o'clock A. M. for the purpose of receiving proofs of such claims against the estate of the said Bowie as have not yet been exhibited and proven. They will then also declare a dividend of the assets in hand, from the benefit of which such creditors as shall not then have proved their claims will be excluded. The dividend will be paid on application to the subscriber. WALTER SMITH, surviving assignee of Washington Bowie. George Town, January 1—tf STELLE'S HOTEL & CITY TAVERN. THE Subscriber takes this method of thanking his friends and the public for their favors whilst on the Capitol Square and begs leave to acquaint them that he has taken the Station Hotel lately erected by Mr. Carroll, near the Capitol. The hotel being above one hundred feet in front, and containing fifty rooms enables the subscriber to offer every accommodation to members of Congress and travellers which can be expected in a public house. PONTIUS D. STELLE. Washington City, March 25—tf N. B.—P. D. S. will rent the house lately occupied by him on the adjoining square. Prince George County. Pursuant to a decree from the court of chancery, I shall offer for SALE, at PUBLIC AUCTION, in the town of Piscataway, on Monday, the 3d of February next. ALL the real estate, not heretofore sold, of Thomas Claret, eq late of Prince George's county, deceased, to wit: That handsome well improved lot, in the town of Piscataway; 850 acres of rich fertile land part of several different tracts, commonly adjoining each other, on Piscataway branch, near the tobacco warehouse, and on the navigation of Potomac river, well wooded, and a great proportion of rich meadow; it will be sold in one body, or in lots, as may best suit those who wish to purchase. The terms of sale are, that the purchaser or purchasers of the whole, or of any part, shall give bond, with approved security, to the trustee for the payment of the purchase money, with the interest thereon from the day of sale, in four equal annual installments. On the chancelor's ratifying the sale and on the payment of the purchase money and interest, and not before, a good deed to be given by the trustee to the purchaser or purchasers, and his/her or their heirs for the and to him, her, or them sold, free, clear, and discharged from all claims of the heirs of the said Thomas Claret. HOMAS DUCKETT, Trustee. Dec. 23—cp
Twenty Dollars Reward. AARON, a mulatto man about 43 years old, left the city of Washington early in October, and was seen on the road leading from Alexandria to Leesburg in company with a black woman, who I am informed is the property of some person in the vicinity of this place.—He is about 5 feet 10 inches high, has a fair hair, very bald in one of his eye brows (I think it is the left) near his nose, there is an indented scar occasioned by a stroke he received, which fractured the bone in that place, and whenever he has it in his power never fails to drink to excess. It is probable that he has gone to Jefferson or Berkeley county in Virginia, where he formerly resided, and from thence will endeavor to go to Kentucky. The above reward will be paid to any person who will have him committed to jail, and give information thereof to the subscriber in George Town, district of Columbia. EDWARD GANTT. Nov. 11—tf
JUST RECEIVED, AND FOR SALE At WILLIAM DEANE'S Book Store, Pennsylvania Avenue. CURRAN'S speeches 2d edition with an elegant engraving of Mr. CURRAN lately published in Baltimore. the American NEPOS. Also just published in Baltimore, Smith's Wealth of Nations, 2 Vols. Cooper's Life, 2 vols. Lippincott's Farriery A digest of the Revenue Laws U. S. Mackay's Navigation. Sinclair on the Revenue of the British Empire. Life of sir Wm. Jones, and an extensive and complete assortment of stationery received by late arrivals from Philadelphia. W. D. offers his books and stationery at Philadelphia prices. January 3—epst
FOR SALE. IN the county of Albemarle, Virginia, 971 acres of land lying on both sides of Hardaway river, generally adapted to small grain corn and tobacco with a great abundance of meadow land. About four hundred acres are cleared most of which are low grounds; and it is perhaps capable of the highest improvement of any land in this part of the world by having an inexhaustible source of rich mud or soil that has been accumulating for ages. The situation is fine, healthy, convenient to two to three warehouses, the court house and several merchant mills and in a very respectable neighborhood. Aardaway river is capable of being made navigable into James river from lower 1 miles above this tract for which there is an act of assembly. There is on the land a large two story dwelling house, almost new and other convenient houses—at about half a mile from which, there is also an old dwelling house, kitchen and store house, that may be made with some repairs capable of accommodating a genteel family. There is also on the premises between 90 and 100 000 bricks well burnt which will be disposed of on reasonable terms. The payments required will be one third cash and the remainder in two equal annual installments by person wishing to purchase or view the said land will apply to the subscriber living on the premises. CHARLES WINGFIELD. January 1—6w
FOR SALE. IN the county of Albemarle, Virginia, 971 acres of land lying on both sides of Hardaway river, generally adapted to small grain corn and tobacco with a great abundance of meadow land. About four hundred acres are cleared most of which are low grounds; and it is perhaps capable of the highest improvement of any land in this part of the world by having an inexhaustible source of rich mud or soil that has been accumulating for ages. The situation is fine, healthy, convenient to two to three warehouses, the court house and several merchant mills and in a very respectable neighborhood. Aardaway river is capable of being made navigable into James river from lower 1 miles above this tract for which there is an act of assembly. There is on the land a large two story dwelling house, almost new and other convenient houses—at about half a mile from which, there is also an old dwelling house, kitchen and store house, that may be made with some repairs capable of accommodating a genteel family. There is also on the premises between 90 and 100 000 bricks well burnt which will be disposed of on reasonable terms. The payments required will be one third cash and the remainder in two equal annual installments by person wishing to purchase or view the said land will apply to the subscriber living on the premises. CHARLES WINGFIELD. January 1—6w
WASHINGTON CITY BOARDING HOUSE. MRS. THOMPSON, RESPECTFULLY informs the Members of Congress and others, that having taken Two of the Six Buildings, she is prepared for general accommodation of a number of Ladies and Gentlemen, as transient boarders or by the year. Those who honor her with their custom, will find it an eligible spot, situated half way between the President's house and George Town; dry, healthy, and convenient to the Public Offices. She has apartments for servants, excellent stables and coach houses, and will spare no pains to give general satisfaction. November 25—
BOARDING & LODGING. THREE or FOUR gentlemen may be accommodated with Boarding and Lodging, on moderate terms, by applying at Mrs. Sweeney's in F Street nearly opposite the Office of Discount and Dep. Stc. January 3—tawtf
25 DOLLARS REWARD, Will be given for apprehending a negro man named LEN he is 37 or 40 years of age, 5 feet 8 inches high or thereabout, and of a very dark complexion, with short wool and cross eyes; he is also pockmarked and flammers very much; he formerly belonged to major Chew, living at the head of Herring Bay, who disposed of him to Mr. Wm. Campbell near Fredericktown Maryland; Dr. Manuel Kent who lives at Lower Marlboro, purchased him of Mr. Campbell and sold him to the subscriber. LEN was seen, during the months of April and May last, near Lower Marlboro and it is presumed that he is now near one of the abovenamed places. I will give FIFTEEN DOLLARS on his being secured in jail and information given to me, so that I may get him immediately, or the above reward if he be delivered to me at the Navy Yard in the city of Washington. NICHOLAS VOSS. Nov. 22—2awtf
Thirty Dollars Reward, FOR apprehending and securing in jail negro J COB, who is a low well made fellow, about 25 years of age, complexion rather black, but not deep, has a pleasant countenance, is stout made about the shoulders and breast with small legs, has a Roppage in his speech and cannot make a quick reply, when spoken to without shutting his eyes or being in motion, which is very observable, his clothing was blue negro cotton jacket and oversalls, oznaburg shirt, and wool hat, though they are subject to change, he was late the property of Richard E. Beall of Fauquier county, Virginia, and eloped about the 6th of November last. The constables and others of the city of Washington on George Town, Alexandria, Baltimore, Philadelphia and Norfolk are requested to look out for the said run away slave, as the above reward will be immediately paid them on the terms specified by JOH KEDGLIE. City of Washington, Dec 16—2awtf
FALL & WINTER GOODS JOHN COX HAS this day received a Large addition to his former supply of FALL and WINTER GOODS, which makes his assortment very complete. Most of his goods were bought on such terms as to enable him to offer them by piece or retail Lower than the regular importers can afford to sell at. George town Oct 18—NI&UGentf
PHILADELPHIA IRON FOUNDRY. THE subscriber has taken the Philadelphia Iron Foundry, situate in Southwark between Front and Second and Queen and Christian streets, for the convenience of executing his own castings for his steam engines, &c. But propels to execute any orders that he may be favored with in that line; either for engines, mill-works, sugar-rollers, rolling Slitting Mills Forge Work Cranks, Gudgeon, Cogwheels, Ketcles, Pans, &c in short all casting of iron, either in sand or loam.—He wishes to draw the attention of millers to their own interest, by adopting for all the running gears of a mill, cast iron cog wheels, of spur and bevel gear, they will come cheaper in the first instance and last for ages. He means to have made by an experienced workman, a set of the most perfect moulds from which all the necessary movements for rolling reels and the machinery for merchant flour mills may be produced. He will undertake to assist in the arrangement of the suitable sizes of wheels to produce the proper motions, upon being informed of the number of revolutions per minute, and number of cogs in the wheel, by which the machinery is to be put in motion. He makes Steam Engines on his new and simple principles, for any purpose for which they may be wanted; their cost will be about half that of the old construction and consume less fuel. He keeps for sale as usual, Stone Coals, Burr Millstones, and bolting cloths of the best quality. Application to be made either at the Furnace or his Counting house, near the corner of Ninth and Market streets. OLIVER EVANS. Jan. 1. 2awtf
The Washington Building Company having determined to suspend payment on their shares after FIFTY DOLLARS shall have been paid on each share. Resolved, By the Building Committee That one certificate be issued by the Secretary in favor of each share upon which there shall have been paid the full sum of fifty dollars, together with all stock, fines, and monthly payments accruing thereon, which certificate shall specify that all dues and demands on the said share have been paid. All persons concerned as aforesaid, are notified that unless they comply with the said payments on or before the first day of February 1806, they will at that time, forfeit their shares agreeable to the articles of the company. JOHN DOUGLAS, Chairman pro tem. Dec. 2—wtf
BOLTING CLOTHS. RECEIVED a general assortment of warranted Bolting Cloths of Oliver Evans of Philadelphia and have constantly for sale at my store in Bridge street, George Town Columbia. WM. MORGAN. 1st month 1, 1806—2awtf
Valuable Lands for Sale. THE subscriber offers for sale the following valuable property, viz. FARMs on the fourth fork of Broad run, near the Gun Spring, in Loudoun county, about 30 miles from the town of Alexandria and city of Washington, consisting of about 800 acres. A part of 15 tracts of land in the western parts of Virginia and in the state of Kentucky, viz. eight tracts in Monongahela county, containing 8,513 acres. Four tracts in Wood county, containing 45,223 acres, three of which adjoin the river Ohio. Two tracts in the county of Kanawha, on the bank of the river Ohio, containing 4,500 acres, and one tract in Kentucky, upon the river Ohio, six miles below the mouth of Salt river, containing 2,000 acres. Upon these lands are several valuable mill seats, and the titles will be unexceptionable to the purchaser. As I am desirous of selling this property, living very remote from a part it. I will give a great bargain to the purchaser, and receive in payment, part cash, negroes, horses, cattle, pork, wheat, or merchandise. Application must be made to me, living near the mouth of Little Kanawha river, in Wood county, or to Messrs. Israel Lacy, Charles Lewis, Joseph Lewis, junior, and Benjamin James, in Loudoun county, who will make known the terms. I must once more request all those who may have any claims or pretended claims against me, to exhibit them properly authenticated to Mr. Benjamin James, before the first day of March next, otherwise I shall not consider myself bound to notice them afterwards, and those who may be indebted to me are requested to make payment to Mr. James at the time, as I cannot give any longer indulgence. JOHN SPENCER. January 16—11.2w.M
FOR SALE A well matched pair of CARRIAGE HORSES, rising six years old and will be warranted sound, handsome blood bays upwards of 15 1/2 hands high, stout and active, well broken and true to the draft and quiet in harness—To save trouble, their lowest price is 400 dollars. Apply to Mr. cummes at the Columbian tavern in George town. January 6—6t
Pursuant to an order of the Orphan's court of Prince George's county, the subscribers will sell at public sale on Monday the 27th of January 1806, at the house of Caleb Taylor in Prince George's county about 6 miles from Upper Marlborough all the personal estate of the heirs of the late John Clark consisting of negroes, horses, cattle, hogs, plantation utensils, household furniture and a variety of other articles—the terms of sale are three years credit for all sums above five pounds, the purchaser or purchasers to give bond with two approved securities bearing interest from the day of sale, and the interest to be paid annually or the whole credit forfeited. ABRAHAM CLARK, GEORGE W. WILLITT, } Guardians, Prince George's county, January 6—2aw3w
PROPOSALS. For carrying mails of the United States on the following post roads will be received at the General Post Office until the 8th day of February next, inclusive. 1st. From Washington city by Upper Marlboro and Queen Anne's to Annapolis twice a week. Leave Washington every Wednesday and Saturday at 5 A. M. arrive at Upper Marlboro by 10 A. M. and at Annapolis same days by 6 P. M. Returning—Leave Annapolis every Monday and Thursday at 5 A. M. and arrive at Washington the same days by 6 P. M. 2nd. From Annapolis by Rock Hall to Chestertown once a week. Leave Annapolis every Wednesday at 6 A. M. and arrive at Chestertown by 6 P. M. Returning—Leave Chestertown every Tuesday at 6 A. M. and arrive at Annapolis by 6 P. M. 3rd. From Chestertown by Church Hill and Centerville to Easton twice a week. Leave Chestertown every Wednesday and Saturday at 4 A. M. and arrive at Easton by 6 P. M. Leave Easton every Tuesday and Friday at 6 A. M. and arrive at Chestertown by 6 P. M. 4th. From Chestertown by Georgetown & Roads, Sassafras, Warwick, Middletown and Christiana to Wilmington twice a week. Leave Wilmington every Tuesday and Friday at 5 A. M. and arrive at Chestertown by 3 P. M. Leave Chestertown every Wednesday and Saturday at 5 A. M. and arrive at Wilmington by 3 P. M. 5th. From Camden by Stateford, Jamesville, Nelsons ferry and Monks Corner to Charleston twice a week. Leave Camden every Thursday and Sunday at 4 A. M. and arrive at Charleston on Saturday and Tuesday by 10 A. M. Leave Charleston every Saturday and Tuesday at 2 P. M. and arrive at Camden on Monday and Thursday by 3 P. M. 6th. From Nashville T. by Franklin, Occochope, M'Intoshes, Grindstone Ford, Port Gibson, Greenville, Humbleton, Washington and Natchez to Fort Adams once a week. Leave Nashville every Friday at 4 A. M. and arrive at Natchez on Sunday by 2 P. M. in 9 1/2 days, and at Fort Adams on Monday by 10 A. M. Returning. Leave Fort Adams every Monday at 2 P. M. and arrive at Nashville T. in 10 1/2 days, on Thursday by 9 P. M. The contracts for the first five routes are to be in operation on the 1st day of April next and to continue in force for one year and the contract for the route number 6 is to commence at the same time and to continue in force for six months until the 30th of September next. On the customary conditions and penalties for forfeitures and delays. GIBSON GRANGER, Post master general. General Post Office, Dec. 30, 1805—tawf105