The national intelligencer and Washington advertiser. (Washington City [D.C.]), 1806-02-10 00:00:00

NATIONAL INTELLIGENCER,
AND WASHINGTON ADVERTISER.
VOL. VI.
WASHINGTON CITY, PRINTED BY SAMUEL HARRISON SMITH, PENNSYLVANIA AVENUE.
No. DCCCXXXIII.
FIVE DOLLARS PER ANNUM.
MONDAY, FEBRUARY 10, 1806.
PAID IN ADVANCE.
Extract of a letter from the Secretary of State to James Monroe, esq. dated 5th January, 1804, relative to impressments.
We consider a neutral flag, on the high seas, as a safe guard to those sailing under it. Great Britain, on the contrary, asserts a right to search for, and seize her own subjects; and under that cover, as cannot but happen, are often seized and taken off, citizens of the United States, and citizens or subjects of other neutral countries, navigating the high seas, under the protection of the American flag.
Were the right of Great Britain, in this case not denied, the abuses flowing from it would justify the United States in claiming and expecting a discontinuance of its exercise. But the right is denied, and on the best grounds.
Although Great Britain has not yet adopted, in the same latitude with most other nations, the immunities of a neutral flag, she will not deny the general freedom of the high seas, and of neutral vessels navigating them, with such exceptions only as are annexed to it by the law of nations. She must produce then such an exception in the law of nations, in favor of the right she contends for. But in what written and received authority will she find it? In what usage except her own, will it be found? She will find in both, that a neutral vessel does not protect certain objects denominated contraband of war, including enemies serving in the war, nor articles going into a blockaded port, nor, as she has maintained, and as we have not contested, enemy's property of any kind. But no where will she find an exception to this freedom of the seas, and of neutral flags, which justifies the taking away of any person, not an enemy, in military service, found on board a neutral vessel.
If treaties, British as well as others, are to be consulted on this subject, it will equally appear, that no countenance to the practice can be found in them. Whilst they admit a contraband of war, by enumerating its articles, and the effect of a real blockade by defining it, in no instance do they affirm or imply a right in any sovereign to enforce his claims to the allegiance of his subjects, on board neutral vessels on the high seas. On the contrary, whenever a belligerent claim against persons on board a neutral vessel, is referred to in treaties, enemies in military service alone are excepted from the general immunity of persons in that situation; and this exception confirms the immunity of those who are not included in it.
It is not then from the law or the usage of nations, nor from the tenor of treaties, that any sanction can be derived for the practice in question. And surely it will not be pretended that the sovereignty of any nation extends, in any case whatever, beyond its own dominions, and its own vessels on the high seas. Such a doctrine would give just claim to all nations, and more than anything would countenance the imputation of aspiring to an universal empire of the seas. It would be the less admissible too, as it would be applicable to times of peace, as well as to times of war, and to property as well as to persons. If the law of allegiance, which is a municipal law, be in force at all on the high seas, on board foreign vessels, it must be so at all times there, as it is within its acknowledged sphere. If the reason alleged for it be good in time of war, namely, that the sovereign has then a right to the service of all his subjects, it must be good at all times because at all times, he has the same right to their service. War is not the only occasion for which he may want their services, nor is external danger the only danger against which their services may be required, for his security. Again; if the authority of a municipal law can operate on persons in foreign vessels on the high seas, because within the dominion of their sovereign they would be subject to that law, and are violating that law by being in that situation, how reject the inference that the authority of a municipal law may equally be enforced, on board foreign vessels, on the high seas, against articles of property exported in violation of such a law, or belonging to the country from which it was exported? And thus every commercial regulation, in time of peace too, as well as of war, would be made obligatory on foreigners and their vessels, not only whilst within the dominion of the sovereign making the regulation, but in every sea, and at every distance where an armed vessel might meet with them. Another inference deserves attention. If the subjects of one sovereign may be taken by force from the vessels of another, on the high seas, the right of tak-
ing them when found, implies the right of searching for them; a vexation of commerce, especially in time of peace, which has not yet been attempted, and which for that as well as other reasons, may be regarded as contradicting the principle from which it would flow.
Taking reason and justice for the tests of this practice, it is peculiarly indefensible; because it deprives the dearest rights of persons of a regular trial, to which the most inconsiderable article of property captured on the high seas, is entitled; and leaves their destiny to the will of an officer, sometimes cruel, often ignorant, and generally interested by his want of mariners, in his own decisions. Whenever property found in a neutral vessel, is supposed to be liable on any grounds to capture and condemnation, the rule in all cases is that the question shall not be decided by the captor, but be carried before a legal tribunal, where a regular trial may be had, and where the captor himself is liable to damages, for an abuse of his power. Can it be reasonable, then, or just, that a belligerent commander who is thus restricted, and thus responsible in a case of mere property of trivial amount, should be permitted, without recurring to any tribunal whatever, to examine the crew of a neutral vessel, to decide the important question of their respective allegiances, and to carry that decision into instant execution, by forcing every individual he may chuse, into a service abhorrent to his feelings, cutting him off from his most tender connections, exposing his mind and his person to the most humiliating discipline, and his life itself to the greatest dangers? Reason, justice and humanity unite in protesting against so extravagant a proceeding. And what is the pretext for it? It is that the similarity of language and of features between American citizens and British subjects, are such as not easily to be distinguished; and that without this arbitrary and summary authority to make the distinction, British subjects would escape, under the name of American citizens, from the duty which they owe to their sovereign. Is then the difficulty of distinguishing a mariner of one country from the mariner of the other, and the importance of his services, a good plea for referring the question whether he belongs to the one or to the other, to an arbitrary decision on the spot, by an interested and irresponsible officer? In all other cases, the difficulty and the importance of questions are considered as reasons for requiring greater care and formality in investigating them, and greater security for a right decision on them. To say that precautions of this sort are incompatible with the object, is to admit that the object is unjustifiable; since the only means by which it can be pursued are such as cannot be justified.
The evil takes a deeper die, when viewed in its practice as well as its principles. Were it allowable that British subjects should be taken out of American vessels on the high seas, it might at least be required that the proof of their allegiance should lie on the British side. This obvious and just rule is, however, reversed; and every seaman on board, though going from an American port, and sailing under the American flag, and sometimes even speaking an idiom proving him not to be a British subject, is presumed to be such, unless shown to be an American citizen. It may safely be affirmed that this is an outrage and an indignity which has no precedent, and which Great Britain would be among the last nations in the world to suffer, if offered to her own subjects, and her own flag. Nor is it always against the right presumption alone, which is in favor of the citizenship corresponding with the flag, that the violence is committed. Not unfrequently it takes place in defiance of the most positive proof, certified in due form by an American officer. Let it not be said, that in granting to American seamen this protection for their rights as such, the point is yielded, that the proof lies on the American side, and that the want of it in the prescribed form justifies the inference that the seamen are not of American allegiance. It is distinctly to be understood, that the certificate usually called a protection to American seamen, is not meant to protect them under their own, or even any other neutral flag on the high seas. We can never admit, that in such a situation, any other protection is required for them, than the neutral flag itself on the high seas. The document is given to prove their real character, in situations to which neither the law of nations, nor the law of their own country, are applicable; in other words, to protect them within the jurisdiction of the British laws, and to secure to them, within every other jurisdiction, the rights and immunities due to them. If in the course of their navigation even on the high seas, the document should have the
effect of repelling wrongs of any sort, it is an incidental advantage only, of which they avail themselves, and is by no means to be misconstrued into a right to exact such a proof, or to make any disadvantageous interference from the want of it.
Were it even admitted that certificates for protection might be justly required in time of war, from American seamen, they could only be required in cases where the lapse of time from its commencement, had given an opportunity for the American seamen to provide themselves with such a document. Yet it is certain that in a variety of instances, seamen have been impressed from American vessels, on the plea that they had not this proof of citizenship, when the dates and places of the impressments demonstrated the impossibility of their knowing, in time to provide the proof, that a state of war had rendered it necessary.
Whether, therefore, we consult the law of nations, the tenor of treaties, or the dictates of reason and justice, no warrant, no pretext can be found for the British practice of making impressments from American vessels on the high seas.
Great Britain has the less to say in excuse for this practice, as it is in direct contradiction to the principles on which she proceeds in other cases. Whilst she claims and seizes on the high seas, her own subjects, voluntarily serving in American vessels, she has constantly given, when she could give, as a reason for not discharging from her service American citizens, that they had voluntarily engaged in it. Nay, more, whilst she impresses her own subjects from the American service, although they may have been settled and married, and even naturalised in the U. S. she constantly refuses to release from her's, American citizens impressed into it, whenever she can give for a reason, that they were either settled or married within her dominions. Thus, when the voluntary consent of the individual favors her pretensions, she pleads the validity of that consent. When the voluntary consent of the individual stands in the way of her pretensions, it goes for nothing! When marriage or residence can be pleaded in her favor, she avails herself of the plea. When marriage and residence, and even naturalization are against her, no respect whatever is paid to either! She takes by force her own subjects, voluntarily serving in our vessels. She keeps by force American citizens, involuntarily serving in hers. More flagrant inconsistencies cannot be imagined.
Notwithstanding the powerful motives which ought to be felt by the British government to relinquish a practice which exposes it to so many reproaches, it is foreseen that objections of different sorts will be pressed on you. You will be told first, of the great number of British seamen in the American trade, and of the necessity for their services in time of war and danger. Secondly, of the right and the prejudice of the British nation, with respect to what are called the British or narrow seas, where its domain would be abandoned by the general stipulation required. Thirdly, of the use which would be made of such a sanctuary as that of American vessels, for desertions, and traitorous communications to her enemies, especially across the channel to France.
1st. With respect to the British seamen serving in our trade, it may be remarked, first, that the number, though considerable, is probably less than may be supposed. Secondly, that what is wrong in itself cannot be made right by considerations of expediency or advantage. Thirdly, that it is proved by the fact, that the number of real British subjects gained by the practice in question, is of inconsiderable importance, even in the scale of advantage. The annexed report to Congress on the subject of impressments, with the addition of such cases as may be in the hands of Mr. Erving, will verify the remark in its application to the present war. The statement made by his predecessor during the last war, and which is also annexed, is in the same view still more conclusive. The statement comprehends not only all the applications made by him in the first instance, for the liberation of impressed seamen, between the month of June 1797, and September, 1801, but many also which had been made previous to his agency, by Mr. Pinckney and Mr. King, and which it was necessary for him to renew. These applications therefore may fairly be considered as embracing the greater part of the period of the war; and as applications are known to be pretty indiscriminately made, they may further be considered as embracing, if not the whole, the far greater part of the impressments, those of British subjects as well as others. Yet the result exhibits 2,059 cases only, and of this number 102 seamen only, detained as being British subjects, which is less than 1-20 of the number impressed, and 1,142 discharged or ordered to be so, as not being British subjects, which is more than half of the whole number, leaving 805 for further proof, with the strongest presumption that the greater part, if not the whole, were Americans or other Aliens, whose proof of citizenship had
been lost or destroyed, or whose situation would account for the difficulties and delays in producing it. So that it is certain, that for all the British seamen gained by this violent proceeding, more than an equal number who were not so were the victims; it is highly probable that for every British seamen so gained, a number of others, less than 10 for one, must have been the victims, and it is even possible that this number may have exceeded the proportion of 20 to one.
It cannot therefore be doubted, that the acquisition of British seamen, by these impressments, whatever may be its advantage, is lost in the wrong done to Americans ignorantly or wilfully mistaken for British subjects, in the jealousy and ill-will excited among all maritime nations by an adherence to such a practice, and in the particular provocation to measures of redress on the part of the U. S. not less disagreeable to them, than embarrassing to G. Britain, and which may threaten the good understanding which ought to be faithfully cultivated by both. The copy of a bill brought into Congress under the influence of violations committed on our flag, gives force to this latter consideration. Whether it will pass into a law, and at the present session, is more than can yet be said. As there is every reason to believe that it has been proposed with reluctance, it will probably not be pursued into effect, if any hope can be supported of a remedy, by an amicable arrangement between the two nations.
There is a further consideration which ought to have weight in this question. Although the British seamen employed in carrying on American commerce, be in some respects lost to their own nation, yet such is the intimate and extensive connexion of this commerce, direct and circuitous, with the commerce, the manufactures, revenue, and the general resources of the British nation, that in other respects its mariners, on board American vessels, may truly be said to be rendering it the most valuable services. It would not be extravagant to make it a question, whether Great Britain would not suffer more by withdrawing her seamen from the merchant vessels of the U. S. than her enemies would suffer from the addition of them to the crews of her ships of war, and cruisers.
Should any difficulty be started concerning seamen born within the British dominions, and naturalized by the U. S. since the treaty of 1783, you may remove it by observing: First, that very few, if any such naturalizations can take place, the law here requiring a preparatory residence of five years, with notice of the intention to become a citizen entered of record two years before the last necessary formality, besides a regular proof of good moral character, conditions little likely to be complied with by ordinary sea-faring persons. Secondly, that a discontinuance of impressments on the high seas will preclude an actual collision between the interfering claims. Within the jurisdiction of each nation, and in their respective vessels on the high seas, each will enforce the allegiance which it claims. In other situations the individuals doubly claimed, will be within a jurisdiction independent of both nations.
Secondly, The British pretensions to domain over the narrow seas are so obsolete and so indefensible, that they never would have occurred as a probable objection in this case, if they had not actually frustrated an arrangement settled by Mr. King, with the British ministry on the subject of impressments from American vessels on the high seas. At the moment when the articles were expected to be signed, an exception of the "narrow seas" was urged and insisted on by lord St. Vincent; and being utterly inadmissible on our part, the negotiation was abandoned.
The objection in itself has certainly not the slightest foundation. The time has been, indeed, when England not only claimed, but exercised pretensions scarcely inferior to full sovereignty over the seas surrounding the British isles, and even as far as Cape Finistere to the south, and Van Staten, in Norway, to the north. It was a time, however, when reason had little share in determining the law, and the intercourse of nations; when power alone decided questions of right, and when the ignorance and want of concert among other maritime countries facilitated such an usurpation. The progress of civilization and information has produced a change in all those respects, and no principle in the code of public law is at present better established, than the common freedom of the seas beyond a very limited distance from the territories washed by them. This distance is not, indeed, fixed with absolute precision. It is varied in a small degree by written authorities, and perhaps it may be reasonably varied in some degree by local peculiarities. But the greatest distance which would now be listened to anywhere, would make a small proportion of the narrowest part of the narrowest seas in question.
What are, in fact, the prerogatives claimed and exercised by G. Britain over these seas? If they were really a part of her domain, her authority would
be the same there as within her other domain. Foreign vessels would be subject to all the laws and regulations framed for them, as much as if they were within the harbors or rivers of the country. Nothing of this sort is pretended. Nothing of this sort would be tolerated. The only instances in which these seas are distinguished from other seas, or in which G. Britain enjoys within them, any distinction over other nations, are first, the compensation paid by other flags to hers. Secondly, the extension of her territorial jurisdiction in certain cases to the distance of four leagues from the coast. This first is a relic of ancient usurpation, which has thus long escaped the correction, which modern and more enlightened times have applied to other usurpations. The prerogative has been often contested, however, even at the expense of bloody wars, and is still borne with ill will and impatience by her neighbors. At the last treaty of peace at Amiens, the abolition of it was repeatedly and strongly pressed by France; and it is not improbable that at no remote day it will follow the fate of the title of "King of France," so long worn by the British monarchs, and at length so properly sacrificed to the lessons of a magnanimous wisdom. As far as this homage to the British flag has any foundation at present, it rests merely on long usage and long acquiescence, which are construed, as in a few other cases of maritime claims, into the effect of a general though tacit convention. The second instance is the extension of the territorial jurisdiction to four leagues from the shore. This too, as far as the distance may exceed that which is generally allowed, rests on a like foundation, strengthened, perhaps, by the local facility of smuggling, and the peculiar interest which G. Britain has in preventing a practice affecting so deeply her whole system of revenue, commerce and manufactures: whilst the limitation itself to 4 leagues, necessarily implies that beyond that distance no territorial jurisdiction is assumed.
But whatever may be the origin or the value of these prerogatives over foreign flags in one case, and within a limited portion of these seas in another, it is obvious that neither of them will be violated by the exemption of American vessels from impressments, which are no wise connected with either; having never been made on the pretext either of withholding the wanted homage to the British flag, or of smuggling in defiance of British laws.
This extension of the British law to four leagues from the shore, is inferred from an act of parliament passed in the year 1736 (9 G. 2. c. 35) the terms of which comprehend all vessels foreign as well as British. It is possible however, that the former are constructively excepted. Should your enquiries ascertain this to be the case, you will find yourself on better ground than the concession here made.
With respect to the compliment paid to the British flag, it is also possibly that more is here conceded than you may find to be necessary. After the peace of 1783 this compliment was peremptorily withheld by France, in spite of the remonstrances of Great Britain; and it remains for your inquiry, whether it did not continue to be refused, notwithstanding the failure at Amiens to obtain from Great Britain a formal renunciation of the claim.
From every view of the subject, it is reasonable to expect that the exception of the narrow seas, from the stipulation against impressments, will not be inflexibly maintained. Should it be so, your negotiation will be at an end. The truth is, that so great a proportion of our trade direct and circuitous, passes through those channels, and such is its peculiar exposure in them to the wrong practised, that with such exception any remedy would be very partial. And we can never consent to purchase a partial remedy, by confirming a general evil, and by subjecting ourselves to our own reproaches, as well as to those of other nations.
Third, It appears, as well by a letter from Mr. Thornton, in answer to one from me, of both which copies are enclosed, as from conversations with Mr. Merry, that the facility which would be given, particularly in the British channel, by the immunity claimed for American vessels, to the escape of traitors, and the desertion of others whose services in time of war may be particularly important to an enemy, forms one of the pleas for the British practice of examining American crews, and will be one of the objections to a formal relinquishment of it.
This plea, like all others, admits a solid and satisfactory reply. In the first place, if it could prevail at all against the neutral claim, it would authorize the seizure of the persons described only, and in vessels bound to a hostile country only; whereas the practice of impressing is applied to persons, few or any of whom are alleged to be of either description, and to vessels whithersoever bound, even to Great Britain herself. In the next place, it is not only a preference of a smaller object on one side to a greater object on the other; but a sacrifice of right on one side to expediency on the other side.

LATE AND VERY IMPORTANT NEWS!!
Translations from the Federal Gazette.
PARIS, Dec. 2.
M. de Stael, late minister from the emperor of Germany at the court of Russia, and M. the lieutenant general count de Guilly, have been presented to his majesty the emperor of the French at Brunn, as plenipotentiaries of his majesty the emperor of Germany: They are invested with powers to negotiate, conclude and sign a definitive treaty of peace between France and Austria. On his side the emperor of the French has nominated M. de Talleyrand, (his minister for foreign relations) whom he has invested with powers to that effect. It is to be hoped that peace will be the result of their negotiations; but this ought not to diminish in the least the zeal of the soldiers or of the nation: it is, on the contrary, a new motive for the conscripts to accelerate their march, in order to justify that well known adage, Si vis pacem, para bellum . His majesty has given orders to the ministers of war and of the interior, to relax nothing in their preparations.
TWENTY-SECOND BULLETIN OF THE GRAND ARMY.
St. Pölten, Nov. 13.
Marshal Soult has followed up his success. The whole corps of Meerfeldt is destroyed. That gentleman saved himself with an officer of Hussars. Gen. Marmont is at Leoben. He there made prisoners of 100 cavalry.
Prince Murat has been these three days within half a league of Vienna.
All the Austrian troops have evacuated that city. The national guard perform duty there, and are in high spirits.
This day the French troops made their entry into that capital. The Russians refused every opportunity which was offered them to engage in battle on the heights of St. Pölten (St. Hypolite). They crossed the Danube at Krems, and immediately after their passage burnt the bridge which was a very fine structure. The 11th at day break marshal Mortier, at the head of six battalions, fixed himself at Stein, expecting to find there a rear guard; but the whole Russian army was still there. Then commenced the battle of Dürnstein, which will be forever memorable in military annals. From 6 in the morning until 4 in the afternoon, these 4,000 brave men opposed the Russian army, and put to rout every thing opposed to them. Masters of the village of Dürnstein, they believed the day finished; but the enemy irritated, having lost 10 stand of colors, 6 pieces of cannon, 900 men prisoners and 2,000 killed, had given a different direction to their troops by forced marches, in order to flank the French. As soon as marshal Mortier perceived this manoeuvre, he marched directly to the troops which had fled off, and attacked them at the same time that the 9th regiment of light infantry and 32d of the line, having charged another Russian corps, put it to flight, taking two standards and four hundred men.
This has been a bloody day. Dead bodies covered the whole field of battle. More than 4000 Russians have been killed or wounded; 1,300 have been made prisoners; among the latter 2 colonels. On our side the loss has been considerable. The 4th and 9th light infantry have suffered most. The colonels of the 10th and 16th have been slightly wounded. Col. Wattier of the 4th regiment of dragoons has been killed. His majesty had chosen him for one of his aids. He was a brave officer. In spite of the disadvantages of his position, he had made a brilliant resistance against a Russian column, but he was struck with a ball, and died in the midst of the battle. It seems that the Russians retired without bidding good bye!
The emperor of Germany, the empress, the minister and court are at Brunn, in Moravia. All the nobility have quitted Vienna, but the citizens have remained. They expect the emperor Alexander at Brunn, on his return from Berlin.
Gen. count de Guilly has been the bearer of many dispatches between the emperors of France and Germany. The emperor of Germany will no doubt agree to a peace as soon as he can obtain the assent of the emperor of Russia. In the mean time the discontent of the people is extreme. They say in Vienna and in all the provinces of the Austrian monarchy that they are badly governed. That for the sole interest of England, they have been dragged into an unjust and ruinous war; that they have inundated Germany with barbarians, a thousand times more destructive than all the scourges of war united; that their finances are in the greatest disorder; that public and private credit are ruined by their great quantity of paper money, which is at a discount of 50 per cent.; that they had misfortunes enough before, without adding to them the horrors of war.
The Hungarians complain of an illiberal government which offers nothing to encourage their industry, and which shews a constant jealousy of their privileges, and distrust of their national spirit. In Hungary as well as in Austria; in Vienna as well as in all other cities, the people are convinced that the emperor Napoleon has wished only for peace, that he is the friend of all nations, and of every noble sentiment. The English are the perpetual objects of the curses of all the subjects of the emperor of Germany; and of their universal hatred. Is it not then time that princes should listen to the voice of the people, and that they should en-
deavor to arrest the fatal influence of the English oligarchy?
Since the passage of the Inn, the grand army has made in the different skirmishes which have taken place, about 10,000 prisoners. If the Russian army had awaited the arrival of the French, it would have been destroyed. Several corps of the army are pursuing the Russians with great vigor. The two proclamations, of which the following are translations, were published on the 10th and 12th inst.
PROCLAMATION.
"Since the decree of his excellency, the commissary of the court established in Lower Austria, the public are informed that for the preservation of peace and order in the interior, it has been decreed that a certain number of armed citizens, comprising the nobles as well as the members of the academy of fine arts, and other individuals who have means of putting themselves in a condition of appearing in arms, shall always be ready to perform any service which may be required of them. [Here follow the places appointed for the parades.] When the muster-roll is called, the trumpets shall be sounded twice at each place of parade. The citizens of each section shall repair to their post with their arms, and there wait for orders. It is strictly forbidden any person, except the citizen soldiers, to appear on the public places when the trumpets shall be sounded. Any person who shall contravene this order shall be arrested by the patroles and delivered up to the police. Measures have likewise been taken to put all the sick and poor who have not the means of subsistence into the city hospital in order to be taken care of."
Brave inhabitants of Vienna! You will thank me for the wisdom of these measures which are taken for the good of your country. The magistracy will concur in their execution with the same sentiments which have always actuated them. We expect every thing from the inhabitants of this city, who have always distinguished themselves in every situation.
Signed, THE VICE BURGMASTER. Dated, Vienna, Nov. 11.
NOTIFICATION.
His imperial majesty, who according to the promise which he made to the respectable states of Hungary, has deigned to close the diet, has been prevented by intervening circumstances from returning to Vienna before going to Brunn, agreeably to his first determination. But in the mean time, it is possible the French imperial troops may enter Vienna. Experience has proved that they observe a strict discipline and disregard the dangers of war. Should this take place he expects that his people will remain quiet and conduct themselves with decorum. I recommend it to each one in particular; and his majesty our sovereign, far from expecting a zeal which might only compromise the lives and property of his subjects would punish severely the least disorder, not only because he himself has declined defending his own capital, but because he entertains a most gracious solicitude for the welfare of its inhabitants.
Signed, RODOLPHE, COMTE WRENA, Commissary of the court. Vienna, Nov. 12.
TWENTY-THIRD BULLETIN OF THE GRAND ARMY.
From the Castle of Schoenbrunn, November 14.
At the battle of Dürnstein, where 4000 French attacked on the 11th, between 25 and 30,000 Russians, kept their position, killed between 3 and 4000 men, captured their colors and made 1300 prisoners; the 4th and 9th regiments of light infantry and the 10th and 32d regiments of infantry of the line, covered themselves with glory. Gen. Gazeen there displayed great valor and good conduct. The Russians the day after the battle evacuated Krems, and quitted the Danube, leaving 1500 prisoners in the utmost distress. They found on the road many men who had been wounded and died during the night. The intention of the Russians seems to have been, to have waited at Krems for reinforcements and to have established themselves on the Danube; but the battle of Dürnstein has disconcerted their plans. They have seen by what 4000 Frenchmen could do, what they might expect when contending against equal numbers.
Marshal Mortier pursued the Russians, while another corps of the army passed the Danube by the bridge of Vienna, to intercept them to the right, and the corps of marshal Bernadotte marched to intercept them on the left. Yesterday the 13th, at 10 o'clock, A. M. Prince Murat passed through Vienna. At the break of day a column of cavalry established themselves on the bridge of the Danube, and passed it after several conferences with the Austrian commanders. The engineers who had orders to burn the bridge attempted it several times, but were unable to succeed. Marshal Lannes and general Bertrand, aide-de-camp of the emperor, were the first to cross the bridge. The troops did not stop in Vienna, but continued the destined route.
Prince Murat has established his head quarters at the house of Duke Albert. Duke Albert has done much for the city. Many quarters wanted war. He introduced it at his own expense, and is well known to have spent great sums on this object. Great quantities of ammunition and artillery were found in Vienna, an account of which is herewith annexed. The house of Austria has no arsenal or foundry except in Vienna. The Austrians have not had time to carry off above a fifth or fourth of their artillery or any thing else of consequence. We have warlike
stores sufficient for a campaign to renew our artillery equipage four times if we should lose it. We have also provisions against a siege, for a great number of places. The emperor has established himself at Schoenbrunn. He went to day to Vienna, at 2 o'clock in the morning. He passed the rest of the night in visiting the advanced posts on the left bank of the Danube, as well as the positions, and to satisfy himself that every duty was well performed. He returned to Schoenbrunn at break of day. The weather has become delightful. This day is one of the finest of the winter tho' cold. Commercial and all other transactions go on at Vienna in the usual way. The inhabitants are full of confidence and perfectly at their ease. The population of this city is about 250,000 souls. It is not supposed to have diminished above 10,000 by the departure of the court and nobility.
The emperor received at noon M. de Wreba, who is now placed at the head of the administration of all Austria.
The corps of marshal Soult passed thro' Vienna this morning, at 9 o'clock. That of Marshal Davoust is marching thro' it at this moment. Gen. Marmont has gained different trifling advantages at Leoben, with his advanced posts.
The Bavarian army receives great reinforcements every day. The emperor has just made some fresh presents to the elector. He has given him 15,000 stand of arms taken in Vienna, and has restored to him all the artillery which Austria has at different periods taken from the states of Bavaria.
The city of Kuffstein has capitulated to col. Pompe.
Gen. Milhaud has driven the enemy on the road to Brunn as far as Volkersdorf. To-day at noon he had made 600 prisoners, and taken a park of 40 pieces of artillery, complete.
Marshal Lannes arrived at 2 P. M. at Stockerau. He there found an immense magazine of clothing, 100,000 pair of shoes and boots, and cloth enough to make great coats for the whole army. They have also taken many boats which were descending the Danube with artillery, leather and clothing.
[The bulletin here goes on to give a particular inventory of 1347 pieces of cannon, 473 mortars, 169,291 muskets, and carbines, a great number of swords and pistols, an immense quantity of powder, cannon, musket and pistol balls, flints, lead and many other military stores.]
HEAD QUARTERS.
Vienna, November 13.
ORDER OF THE DAY.
The emperor testifies his satisfaction to the 4th regiment of light infantry; to the 10th of the line; to the 9th of light infantry, and to the 32d of the line, for the intrepidity which they displayed at the battle of Dürnstein, where their bravery in preserving their position which they occupied, obliged the enemy to quit that which he held on the Danube. His majesty also signifies his approbation to the 9th regiment of the line, and to the 30th, which at the battle of Lambach made a stand against the rear guard of the Russians, and not only gave the first blow, but made 400 prisoners. His majesty further expresses his satisfaction to the grenadiers of Oudinot, who at the battle of Amstetten drove the Russian and Austrian corps from their strong and commanding position, and made 1500 prisoners, of whom 600 were Russians. His majesty is satisfied with the 1st, 16th and 22d regiments of Chasseurs, and with the 9th and 10th regiments of Hussars, for their good conduct in all the skirmishes which took place from the Inn to the gates of Vienna, and for the 800 Russian prisoners made at Stein.
Prince Murat, marshal Lannes, the reserve of cavalry, and their corps of the army, entered Vienna the 13th November, made themselves masters the same day of the bridge over the Danube, prevented it from being burnt, passed it immediately, and put to flight the Russian army. We found in Vienna more than 2000 pieces of cannon, 100,000 guns, ammunition of every kind, in fine, every kind of equipage, necessary for 3 or 4 armies. The people of Vienna seemed to receive the army with friendship.
The Emperor decrees, that the property of the people of this capital shall be held sacred, and that they shall be treated with the greatest respect, for they have beheld with sorrow, the unjust war which has been carried on against us, and they testify by their conduct as much friendship for us, as they entertain hatred for the Russians; a people, who by their savage and barbarous manners, ought to be detested by every civilized nation.
Major General Marshal Berthier.
TWENTY-FOURTH BULLETIN OF THE GRAND ARMY.
Palace of Schoenbrunn, Nov. 15.
At the battle of Dürnstein, the Austrian major-general Smith, who directed the movements of the Russians, was killed as well as two Russian generals. It seems that colonel Wattier is not dead, but his horse having been wounded in the attack, he was made prisoner. This news was highly pleasing to the emperor, who has a particular regard for this officer.
A column of 4000 Austrian infantry and a regiment of Cuirassiers, passed through our army, who permitted them to go off, a false report of a suspension of arms having been spread among our soldiers. On this occasion we recognize the character of the French—who brave in the midst of battle, are possessed of the utmost generosity when the action is over.
General Milhaud, commanding the advanced corps of Marshal Davoust, has
taken 191 pieces of cannon, with all the provision wagons and 400 men. Thus almost the whole of the artillery of the Austrian monarchy, is in our possession. The palace Schoenbrunn, in which the emperor resides was built by Maria Theresa, whose portrait is to be seen in almost every apartment. In the cabinet which the emperor now occupies, is a marble statue of that empress. The emperor on seeing it, observed, that if that great queen was yet living, she would not let herself be governed by the intrigues of such a woman as madame de Colleredo. Constantly surrounded as she always was by the great men of her nation, she would have known the will of her people. She would not have permitted her provinces to be ravaged by Cossacks and Muscovites. In debating on a war with France, she would not have consulted with such a courtier as Cobentzel, who by far too well acquainted with the intrigues of his court, fears to displease a strange woman, shamefully invested with an influence which she abuses—nor by such a writer as Collembach—by a man, in fine, as universally detested as Lamberty. She would not have given the command of her army to such a man as Mack, appointed not by the will of the sovereign, not by the confidence of the nation, but by England and Russia. Indeed there appears to be a remarkable unanimity of opinion in the nation against the measures of the court. Citizens of all classes, the most enlightened men, even the princes themselves, are opposed to the war.
It is said that prince Charles, at the moment of his setting out for the army of Italy, wrote to the emperor, representing to him the imprudence of his conduct and predicting the downfall of the monarchy. The elector of Salzburg, the archdukes, the nobles, all held the same language. The whole continent ought to regret what the emperor of Germany has done, who wishes well, who sees better than his ministers, and who might be a great prince but for his dissidence in himself, and living so constantly retired. He would learn from the nobles of the empire, who esteem him, a just confidence in himself. But none of those who understand and cherish the interest of their country, ever approach his cabinet. This seclusion, for which the empress is blamed, is the cause of that universal hatred which the nation has conceived against that princess.—Long as this order of things shall remain, the emperor will never know the wishes of his people; but will always be the tool of corrupted English agents, who continually surround him to prevent him from being better informed.—There is but one opinion at Vienna as well as at Paris.—The misfortunes of the continent is the dreadful work of England.
All the columns of the army are making rapid marches, and are already in Moravia, and not many days march from the Danube. A patrol of cavalry has already arrived at the gates of Presburg, the capital of Upper Hungary. It intercepted a courier from Venice, while he was attempting to enter that city. The dispatches of that courier inform that the army of prince Charles was retreating in great haste, in hopes of arriving in time to succour Vienna.
General Marmont informs that the court which had advanced as far as Oedenburg, by the valley of Meurth, has evacuated that country after breaking down all the bridges, a precaution which saved it from immediate pursuit. The number of prisoners made by the army increases every moment.
His majesty has given audience to day to the Bavarian major general Bruce, brother in law to the grand pensionary. He came to felicitate the emperor on the part of the high and mighty states of Holland.
The emperor has not yet received any of the authorities of Vienna, but only a deputation from the different corporations of the city, who the day of his arrival, came to his levee, as Siegars Kircken. It was composed of the prince de Zinsendorf, the prelate de Sidenstetter, the count de Veterani, baron de Kees, the burgomaster of the city, M. de Wohebben and general Bourgeois. His majesty received them with great affability, and told them that they might assure the people of Vienna of his protection.
The general of division Clarke, has been nominated governor general of Upper and Lower Austria. The counsellor of state, Daru, has been appointed intendant general of the same.
IMPERIAL DECREE.
At the Palace of Schoenbrunn, Nov. 15.
NAPOLEON , emperor of the French and king of Italy.
We have decreed and do decree as follows:
TITLE 1. Of the government and administration of Austria.
Art. 1. There shall be a governor general and intendant general over the province of Austria.
Art. 2. There shall be a commandant and intendant for each circle, which will make five commandants and intendants for Upper Austria, and four for Lower Austria.
TITLE 2. Of the governor and intendant general.
Art. 3. The governor general and intendant general shall reside at Vienna.
Art. 4. The governor general shall be charged with whatever relates to the police.
Art. 5. The intendant general shall be charged with whatever relates to the administration. The commissaries of war and inspectors employed in the finances and for the army shall be under his orders.
Art. 6. The gens d'armerie, the troops of the country who serve in their places the regencies, the captains of circles and
the burgomasters, shall be under the orders of the governor and intendant general.
Art. 7. The first care of the governor and intendant general shall be to arrest stragglers and put an end to irregularities in the army.
Art. 8. The governor and intendant general shall co-operate with us.
Art. 9. The general of division, Clarke, is appointed governor gen. of Austria.
Art. 10. The counsellor of state, Daru, is nominated intendant gen.
TITLE 3.
Of the commandants and Intendants of circles.
Art. 2. The commandant and intendant of each circle, shall reside in the chief place of the circle.
Art. 12. The commandants of circles shall correspond with the governor gen. and shall be under his orders. They shall also correspond with the etat major gen.
Art. 13. The intendants of circles shall correspond with the intendant gen. and shall be under his orders.
TITLE 4. Art. 14. The major general shall to-morrow present to us, the commandants of all the circles. He shall at the same time present to us the intendants, who shall be chosen from amongst the inspectors or sub-inspectors of reviews.
Art. 15. As soon as Sùria, Carinthia and Carniola shall be taken possession of, there shall be given them commandants and intendants of circles, who shall correspond with the governor and intendant gen. of Austria.
(Signed)
NAPOLEON.
By the emperor,
The Secretary of State, (Signed)
B. H. MARET.
TWENTY-FIFTH BULLETIN.
Schoenbrunn, Nov. 15.
Prince Murat and the corps of marshal Lannes yesterday overtook the Russian army at Hollabrunn. A skirmish of cavalry took place, but the enemy immediately abandoned the field leaving 100 baggage-wagons in our hands.
The enemy had effected a junction, and the dispositions for an attack were made, when an Austrian flag of truce advanced and requested permission for the troops of the emperor of Germany to separate themselves from the Russians. Their request was acceded to.
Shortly after, the baron Wintzingerode, aide-de-camp gen. to his majesty the emperor of all the Russians, presented himself at the advanced posts and offered to capitulate for the Russian army. Prince Murat intended to consent to it, but the emperor of France did not approve of the capitulation. The emperor did not give his assent to it, because this capitulation is a kind of treaty, for the fulfilment of which M. Wintzingerode did not shew his powers from the emperor of Russia. In the mean time his majesty on ordering his army to march declared, that if the emperor Alexander, who, was in the neighborhood should agree to a capitulation, he was ready to ratify it.
Gen. Vialannes, commanding the cavalry of marshal Davoust, has entered Presburg, gen. count de Palffy has written a letter to which marshal Davoust has returned an answer. The two letters are subjoined.
A body of 3000 Austrians have intrenched themselves in the position of Waldmunchen on the borders of Bohemia, gen. Baraguay d'Hilliers, at the head of 3 battalions of dismounted dragoons marched against that corps which precipitately abandoned their posts.
He had arrived on the eighth at Trnity, in Bohemia and expected to overtake the above corps.
Marshal Ney has been appointed to take possession of the Tyrol. He acquitted himself with his usual intrepidity and sagacity. He turned the forts of Scharnitz and Newstark and soon made himself master of them. In his office he took 1000 men, a stand of colors and 10 field pieces.
On the 6th, at 5 P. M. he made his entry into Innsbruck. He there found an arsenal filled with artillery, 16,000 muskets and an immense quantity of powder. The same day he entered Halle, where he also took possession of very large and valuable magazines, of which he has not yet given an inventory. The arch duke John, who commanded in the Tyrol, escaped by the way of Luchthal. He ordered a colonel to deliver the magazines into the hands of the French &c to recommend to their generosity 1200 sick who were at Innsbruck.
To all these glorious deeds, has been added a scene which has touched the hearts of all the soldiers. During the last war, the 7th regiment of the line, lost two standards in the Grisons. This loss has been for a long time deeply lamented by that corps. These brave men knew that Europe had not forgotten their misfortune, though it could not accuse them of cowardice. These standards, the subject of such noble regret, have been found in the arsenal of Innsbruck. One of the officers recognized them, and they were immediately surrounded by the soldiers. When marshal Ney restored them with the usual ceremonies, tears trickled down the cheeks of the veteran soldiers. The young conscripts were overjoyed at having assisted in retaking those standards, which were wrested from their elder brethren in arms by the vicissitudes of war. The emperor has given orders to have this affecting scene commemorated, by an emblematic engraving. The French soldiery entertain for their colors an attachment that borders on veneration. They regard them with the same affection, as a present from the hands of a mistress.
Gen. Klein has made an incursion into Bohemia with his division of dragoons,

He has every where observed the Russians to be held in the greatest detestation. The depredations which they commit, causes the loudest lamentations. The impressions of these barbarians, who have been invited by the very government itself, has almost erased from the hearts of the Austrians, all affection for their prince. "We and the French (say the Germans) are the children of the Romans; but the Russians are the descendants of the Tartars. We had a thousand times rather have the arms of the French against us, than such allies as the Russians with us." At Vienna the very name of a Russian inspires them with horror. These hordes of savages are not content with pillaging for their subsistence, but they carry off or destroy every thing. The poor peasant, who possesses nothing in his cottage but his rags, is even robbed of them. The rich man, who occupies a palace, has no hope of appeasing them with his riches; they plunder him and leave him bare under his naked roof.
This, without doubt, is the last time that Europe will invite to her protection such dreadful allies. But should they be capable of doing so again, they will have to pay them for rising even their own dominions. For a century to come, it will be impossible for an Austrian prince to introduce a Russian army into his territory. It is not to be supposed that there are not in these armies a number of well-educated officers, whose manners are mild and whose understandings are enlightened. In speaking of the army, we allude to the habits of the soldiery.
CAPITULATION
Proposed by the Russian army.
It has been agreed between the general of division, Belliard, chief of the staff, provided it should receive the sanction of his serene highness, prince Murat, grand-admiral, marshal of the empire, & lieutenant of his majesty the emperor of the French and king of Italy, and M. the baron de Wintzingerode, maj. gen. of the armies, aid-de-camp gen. to his majesty the emperor of all the Russias, provided it should be confirmed by his majesty, viz.
There shall, from the signature of the present conditions, be an armistice between the corps of the army under the orders of his highness prince Murat, & the Russian army commanded by the gen. in chief count de Kutusow.
The Russian army shall quit Germany, and immediately commence its march by the same route that it took in entering it. In which case prince Murat consents to suspend his march into Moravia.
The present conditions not to have effect until after having received the ratification of his majesty, the emperor Napoleon. In the mean time the Russian army and the corps of prince Murat, shall remain in the positions they at present occupy.
In the event of their non-concurrence by the emperor, four hours notice shall be given previously to the breaking of the armistice.
Done at Hellabrunn, the 15th Nov. 1805. Signed, AUG. BELLIARD, Gen. of division chief of the staff. WINTZINGERODE, Aid-de-camp Gen.
Letter from General Count de Palfi.
His Royal Highness the Archduke Palatine, in his quality of supreme, civil and military chief of Hungary, has charged the undersigned to declare, that his royal highness has established along the western frontier of this kingdom, a cordon of troops, supported by small detachments of cavalry, composed of myriads and recruits, with the sole view of arresting the marauders of the Austrian army, who may be found there. It cannot, therefore, be supposed that he has any hostile views, these detachments having positive orders to retire on the approach of the French troops to the frontiers.
As these small detachments, which should not be considered otherwise than scouting parties, are to fall back at the approach of the French army, his royal highness has given orders to the hospitals, to the houses of education, to the pensionary officers, and to the individuals employed in arranging the accounts of the regiments and military hospitals, to remain in their places, persuaded that the general or commander of the French troops will not refuse to grant them the necessary protection, and that he will give orders that the detachments of the French army which shall enter Hungary, shall not commit any excess, provided no kind of opposition be made to them, and that in consequence of this declaration, the undersigned will have many important points to discuss with the general or commandant of the French troops.
He requests him to grant a meeting on parole in a boat in the middle of the Danube.
He waits his answer and has the honor to be his very humble servant, LEOPOLD, COUNT PALFFI, Maj. Gen. Commandant at Presburg. Presburg
ANSWER
Of marshal Davoust to General count de Palfi.
GENERAL, I have laid before his majesty the letter, which you addressed to the commandant of my light cavalry. His majesty has charged me to make known, through you to his Royal Highness the archduke palatine, that he is ready to respect the neutrality of the Hungarians, and to forbid his army to enter the frontiers of Hungary, if on his part his Royal Highness the archduke palatine and the Hungarian people are willing to withdraw their troops, to make no insurrection, to continue to supply Vienna
with provisions, and in fine to conclude between them, the archduke Palatine and his majesty the emperor of the French, a convention tending to maintain harmony between the two countries. I am authorized to permit any officer to pass, whom his Royal Highness the archduke Palatine may wish to send to my sovereign to treat on this basis. I shall feel myself happy in thus having an opportunity of doing a favor to your countrymen, and promoting the welfare of a people possessed of so many estimable qualities as those of Hungary are.
I have the honor to be, Mr. General. Your very humble servant. (Signed)
L. DAVOUST, Marshal of the empire, and one of the Colonel-Generals of the guard of his majesty the emperor & king.
VENETIAN STATES, Nov. 3. Since the army under Gen. St. Cyr consisting of 28,000 men, has joined marshal Massena, we learn that the French will still maintain a garrison in the port of Ancona, probably to oppose the Russians, should they attempt a landing from Corfu.
VIENNA, Nov. 6. We are anxiously waiting for intelligence from both armies; and although we do not know any thing of the recent transactions in Italy, we may, however, be allowed to rejoice at the official report published to-day, announcing the success of our arms there. The following is the purport of this intelligence:
"Yesterday (the 5th inst.) major general count Buena arrived here, bringing the emperor a detail of the obstinate but glorious engagements which have taken place near Caldiero; from the field of battle, in the vicinity of that town, the arch duke Charles dispatched count Buena.
On Oct. 29, the enemy had crossed the Adige near Verona, for the second time. He had repulsed our outposts in the position near Caldiero, and made a small attack on our entrenchments, there, but was beaten back with loss. On the 30th, Gen. Massena repeated the attack in the entrenchments with 4 divisions. It appeared evident that his plan was to throw the centre of the Austrian army into confusion. The arch duke Charles was previously aware of his intentions, and in the night had ordered the corps de reserve to advance in support of the entrenchments. The battle lasted from noon till late in the evening, with the greatest obstinacy & hatred.
"While the battle was thus maintained at Caldiero, the French general Molitor attacked our right wing and the entrenchments near Colognola; but the exertions of our troops were crowned by the best result at all points. The enemy was repulsed. The standards of the 5th regiment, and more than 2000 prisoners, fell into our hands and the number of dead is computed at 5000. The loss of our troops is much less, but is not stated.
"On the 31st the enemy attacked the entrenchments of Chiavico del Christo, at our left wing. The action continued till the evening; on this day also the enemy was everywhere repulsed. On the 1st Nov. our army stood firm and unconquered, the right wing under marshal Bellegarde, near Illat and Colognola; the centre under count Argenneau, near Caldiero; and the left wing under prince Reuss, near Arcole, on the Etsch. Gen. Davidovich is posted with a corps near Bevilacqua; and prince Rosenberg in the mountains. The emperor, in pursuance of the arch duke Charles's wishes, has conferred on marshal Bellegarde the cross of Maria Theresa—a regiment on gen. Vogelzang; & the rank of maj. gen. on count Von Wetzzenwolf.
"The intelligence from the army which is posted in Austria, above the Enns, is not of so consoling a nature. The enemy having crossed the Inn near Wasserburg and Muhlberg on the 20th of Oct. pressed forward to the Salza, and conveyed a great number of troops in pontoons to the right side, which impedes our march to Salzburg. On the 31st, the enemy attacked major general Schustuck at Haag, with three divisions, and forced him to retreat to Lambach, although supported by two battalions of Russian chasseurs, who valiantly attacked the enemy twice with the bayonet. Count Golowkin, the commander of the Russian chasseurs, was killed. The number of killed and wounded did not exceed 400. The enemy's loss was more considerable.
"After our troops had crossed the Traun, and the Russian battalions above mentioned had retreated to Wels, the bridges were broken down. On the 1st Nov. the division of the prince of Hohenlohe marched to Steyer; and that of gen. Mondes proceeded to the environs of Kremsmunster. The advanced posts of count Nostix stood on the Traun, between Ebbelsdorf and Wels; those of gen. Schustuck between Wels and Traunfall; and those of colonel Wesko between Traunfall and the Trauner Lale."
Nov. 9. Our court has retired to Olmutz, whither it has been followed by the foreign ministers. The situation of quarter master general, lately held by gen. Mack, has been conferred upon general Schmidt. Within the last week the Austrian army in Germany has received considerable reinforcements of Russians, Hungarians and the reserve of the different regiments. The Russian emperor will most probably have an interview with our monarch in Moravia. The Austro Russian army has received orders to continue its retreat; the Russians under Kutusow forms the centre; the corps under Kienmayer the left wing, and that under gen. Meerfeld the right of this army, which must soon consist of
more than 100,000 men. A numerous body of Russians is on its march through Silesia, and the Austrians are assembled in Bohemia and Moravia."
Nov. 11. To-morrow or the day after the French troops will march into the city. The Austro Russian army retreats towards Moravia and Hungary; it has passed the Danube; in those parts of the Austrian territories which are occupied by the French contributions have been levied, in money and provisions to the amount of 14,000,000 livres. The government persist in the resolution not to conclude a separate peace, but on the contrary will exert itself with the utmost activity against the enemy, in concert with Russia and its other allies.
PARIS, Nov. 21. SIXTH BULLETIN OF THE ARMY OF ITALY.
Head quarters, Pasteriano, 13th Nov. The army on its march to the Piavo has met with but weak obstacles; from the Piavo to the Tagliamento it saw fly before it some corps of cavalry which seemed to observe it, but whose retreat was calculated in such a manner as to avoid any engagement. It was at the Tagliamento that the enemy appeared willing to wait for us; he had reunited on the left bank six regiments of cavalry and four regiments of infantry, and their countenance made us presume that they would defend spiritedly the passage.
The general in chief had no disposition at first but to reconnoitre the position of the cavalry. The division of chasseurs commanded by gen. d'Espagne, those of the dragoons and cuirassiers commanded by the gen's Marmet and Pully, had posted themselves on the river, while the divisions of Duhesme and Siras marched on St. Vito, and those of the gen's Molitor and Gardanne directed themselves on Valvason.
Gen. d'Espagne had received orders to push forward the reconnoitering parties. On the 12th, at six o'clock in the morning, a squadron which he had caused to pass the river, was charged by a regiment of Austrian cavalry; it supported the attack with intrepidity, and gave time to gen. d'Espagne to pass in advance of the enemy, who was immediately repulsed and put to flight. Our artillery, in the meanwhile, was placed in its position. The cannonade begun from one bank to the other; it was very lively and continued the whole day. The enemy had placed thirty pieces behind a dike; we had but eighteen and our artillery preserved their accustomed superiority. The divisions of infantry arrived towards the evening. The gen. in chief, satisfied with the advantages he had gained, and which assured him new ones, would not immediately effect the passage; he contented himself with making his dispositions the next day, persuaded that he could make a more decisive stroke; the divisions had united themselves on the points indicated, at St. Vito and at Valvason; it was on these two points where they ought to pass the river, to turn and cut off the enemy. Prince Charles, without doubt was fearful of the execution of this plan; he did not think it prudent to remain in his situation until day light, and at midnight he took up his retreat on the road of Palma Nova. The army passed the Tagliamento with the regret of having no enemy to fight with, and it was then that we learnt fully the effects of the preceding day's business; the left bank was covered with dead men and horses, which had perished by the effect of our artillery.
The army continues its march; the hopes of overtaking and fighting the enemy adds to its important ardor. It has learnt all that the grand army has done, and the desire of seconding its movements, and to answer this confidence of the emperor, agitate it constantly. The advance guard every day takes prisoners, which serve to increase the number that we have already made. The weather continues to be favorable; we are at work to repair the bridges of the Piavo and Tagliamento.
WASHINGTON CITY.
MONDAY, FEBRUARY 10.
Want of room obliges us to omit the sketch of the proceedings of the House of Representatives of Friday, as well as several other articles.
We have been favored with extracts from several letters received from Detroit, dated as late as the 13th of Dec. The length and importance of the details of foreign news compel us to take but a brief notice of their contents. The alarm of an attack from the Indians had entirely subsided.
A few evenings before the 13th of December, some British officers with arms forcibly entered a house in Detroit and seized a deserter from them. The people of the town interfered, rescued the deserter, shot one of the British officers in the leg, and considerably injured the other. Both these officers, with other persons concerned in the affray, are recognized to appear at the ensuing court to answer for this atrocious breach of the peace.
In addition to the official and other details in our preceding columns, the Baltimore Gazette received last evening, contains the 26th, 27th, 28th and 29th Bulletins of the Grand Army, and the 6th and 7th Bulletins of the Army of Italy, of which, for want of room, we are obliged to take but a concise notice.
The 26th Bulletin is dated Znaim, Nov. 18, and describes a severe conflict at Zuntersdoeff, in which prince Murat routed the Russians, took 2,000 prison-
ers, and killed 2,000 men. On the 17th the emperor of France removed his head quarters to Znaim.
Annexed to this bulletin is the capitulation of the fortress of Kuffstein, taken by the Bavarians.
The 27th bulletin bears date Porlitz, Nov. 19, and states the dispersion of the Russians over the plains of Moravia, and the capture of 2,000 Russians by gen. Sebastiani. Prince Murat entered Brunn, the capital of Moravia, on the 19th, the emperor having removed to Porlitz, 60 pieces of cannon and 300,000 lbs. of powder were found at Brunn. The emperor of Germany had retired to Olmutz.
The 28th Bulletin, dated Brunn, Nov. 21, announces the entry of the emperor of France into that place on the preceding day, after a severe contest of the French army with a corps of 6,000 Russian cavalry, who left 200 dead on the field of battle.
The 29th Bulletin, dated Brunn, Nov. 28, states that Marshal Ney had occupied Brixen, after having taken a number of prisoners. General Jallachick, who defended the Vorarlberg, had been cut off. Marshal Bernadotte occupied Iglau, and his troops had entered Bohemia. The Austrian court had evacuated Olmutz, and had retired to Poland.
The 6th Bulletin of the army of Italy is dated Passarino, Nov. 13, and states the progress of the French army and the passage of the Tagliamento, after a successful combat with the Austrians at Valvason.
The 7th Bulletin is dated Gorizia, Nov. 23, and states various small successes of the French arms, including the taking of 400 prisoners.
A letter from general Lechi gives a short account of an engagement near Castle Franco, in which general Regnier, after being forced to retreat, was joined by the general in chief, and defeated the Austrians, taking 3,000 prisoners, besides 600 killed and 600 wounded.
The latest accounts state that the court of Vienna has taken up its residence at Craecow in Poland.
An interesting paper, dated Brunn, Nov. 18, issued at the special instance of the emperor of Germany, after representing his ardent desire for peace, says:—
"But the expectations of his majesty were not fulfilled. As the basis of a cessation of arms for a few weeks only, the French emperor demands, "that the allied troops return to their native country; that the Hungarian levy, &c. be disbanded; & that the duke of Venice and the Tyrol be put into the possession of the French armies."
"The contrast between such demands and the offers heretofore made by the emperor of France, all Europe will perceive."
"His majesty wanted peace. He still wants it with uprightness and sincerity."
"But never can he, never will he suffer himself to be placed in a state of insecurity, which would subject him & his people to the domineering command of a powerful enemy."
"Under such circumstances, there is no alternative for his majesty left, than to cleave to the great, yet unexhausted resources, which he finds in the hearts, in the prosperity, in the fidelity and in the strength of his people—to the still unimpaired power of his high allies and friends, the emperor of Russia and the king of Prussia, and to persevere in this firm and hearty alliance, until the emperor of France, with that moderation which is the sweetest flower in the garland of a great monarch, shall agree to conditions of peace, which must not be purchased by the sacrifice of national honor and the independence of a great nation."
The advantages gained over the Austrians in Italy were such, as it was expected, would compel the surrender of the archduke Charles.
The preceding extracts from the address of the emperor of Germany are translated from a German Paper, brought by an arrival at Baltimore from Bremen. The vessel left the Weser the 20th of December, but brings no news later than that already stated. A letter of the 5th of December says "the king of Prussia, incredible as it may now appear, has certainly joined the coalition."
Extract of a letter from a gentleman in New-York, dated Feb. 1.
"There is no small noise here about gen. Miranda. The ship Leander, in which I understand he sails, has a printing press, and ten or eleven besides a foreman to work. Several young men of this city have gone on board her. She cleared out several days ago for Jacmel. She is said to have arms, ammunition and regimentals."
Baltimore, February 5.
At the close of the last session the Senate of Maryland ordered the following APPROBATORY DECLARATION to be recorded on their Journals.
Whereas, the public expression of sentiments of grateful approbation, is at once the reward and support of virtue, and suited to the genius of a free people, who consider the public services of their citizens as resulting from other obligations than those which arise from mere pecuniary rewards:
The Senate of Maryland feel themselves called upon, by the highest and most solemn considerations of public duty, to declare before their final separation, their firm and unabated reliance upon the wisdom, integrity, and patriotism of the chief magistrates of the union, and their entire approbation of the found, manly, and virtuous policy, which has heretofore characterized his admini-
stration, foreign and domestic; by which, under Divine Providence, the prosperity of this favored country has been highly advanced; the American name and character exalted abroad; the happiness of the people promoted and secured at home; their civil, religious, and political rights placed upon a proud eminence, which faction or despotism shall equally avail in vain; the national strength and power improved and consolidated, by universal confidence, produced by a steady perseverance in a course of measures, which reason and justice, and the love of liberty have dictated and inspired; the calamities of war averted from us, by conduct distinguished at once for moderation, firmness and equity, in a state of the civilized world, with which peace, in any part of it, seems hardly to be compatible, and the means of repelling insult and aggression, when it shall be found necessary to exert them, made adequate to the vindication of our honor, and the assertion and protection of our rights and interests, against the greatest and most powerful. The Senate believe that they cannot at a juncture like the present, mark the close of the important functions, which the people of Maryland have confided to them, by an act more acceptable to their constituents than this declaration, which they unanimously direct to be recorded on their journals.
Capt. Sanger, who arrived in the ship Repeater, Graves, from Cumana, which he left the 10 January, informs, that the day before he sailed, a government vessel arrived there with dispatches from Martinique, an officer of which stated that the Rochefort squadron had arrived at Guadaloupe, and had sent their prizes, about 50 in number, to Port Royal, (Mart.) As this is the latest and most direct account of the above squadron, it invalidates the report of their capture in yesterday's Gazette.
Balt. Fed. Gaz.
The British in South America. —The following copy of a letter from a gentleman in Barbadoes, dated Jan. 4, to his friend in this place, was handed us this morning:
"A Portuguese vessel from the Brazils, was spoken with a few days ago, and reported that the expedition under the command of gen. Sir David Baird, and Sir Home Popham, had taken Buenos Ayres."
The public have long been in suspense as to the destination of the fleet and army under admiral Sir Home Popham, and gen. Sir David Baird. The Cape of Good Hope was generally supposed to be the object of this armament. Should the British make a permanent establishment in this settlement, the political and commercial situation of the world will undergo a considerable change. The force of this expedition was four ships of the line, frigates, &c. and 6000 troops, a force we understand from an intelligent person who was lately at the river La Plata, more than adequate to the reduction of the province of Paraguay. Nor. Lea.
Frankfort, Jan. 15.
Extract of a letter from a correspondent at St. Vincennes, to the Editor, dated Dec. 21. 1805.
"We have nothing worth communicating, except that young Mr. Wilkinson, (who went up the Missouri, as the public have been some time since informed) has just returned to St. Louis, on account of a quarrel with some Indians, who killed one of his (Wilkinson's) party; upon which, the party killed one of the Indians."
Since the foregoing was received the Editor has conversed with a gentleman, immediately from St. Louis, who informed him that the object of lieut. Wilkinson's journey up the Missouri, was to establish a fort at the mouth of the river Platte; and that the party was fired upon about 300 miles up the Missouri. It was suspected that several Spaniards were with the Indians, as some white men were discovered. No information of any attack having been made on major Lewis's party, had reached St. Louis, at the time our informant left it; and he apprehends the report must have originated from the attack upon lieut. Wilkinson.
LOST.
ON Wednesday last on the avenue between the War Office and Capitol a SMALL BUNDLE OF PAPERS of no possible use to any individual but the owner—any person who may have found them, shall be well paid for his trouble on leaving them at the Clerk's Office. Feb. 10—at
20 DOLLARS REWARD.
RANAWAY from the subscriber about the latter part of December last a negro man named LEWIS about 4 or five and thirty years of age. He is very black, about 5 feet four inches high and rather slender made, when interrogated he has a considerable impediment in his speech and differs much in confusion. He had on when he went off a short coat of bear skin cloth very much worn, and a pair of long breeches, of white planes—he was seen the first of January in the county of Fauquier enquiring the way to the city of Washington where if he gets he will probably attempt to pass as a free man, though being very ignorant it is likely his tale will not be a plausible one. The above reward will be given for securing him in any jail so that I get him again and all reasonable charges paid if brought to me. JOHN WILLIS, Orange county Feb. 7—1m

WANTED a respectable person to superintend the mathematical and writing departments, at the Western Academy, Washington City.
D. PETER
NOTICES to such gentlemen as have heretofore made consignments to Mr. William Murdoch, London, or may in future be disposed to do so.
George Town, Jan. 24—8t
CHARLES H. VARDEN, MERCHANT TAYLOR, NEW JERSEY AVENUE, NEAR THE CAPITOL.
Respectfully informs the gentlemen of the District of Columbia that in addition to his former stock he has received by late arrivals at Philadelphia from London a choice assortment of superfine cloths, single and double milled cassimeres, Tennent's patent cord, woolverton and waitecotton, fancy and black silk molekins, all of superior quality and newest fashion.
N. B. Ladies habits, regimentals, navy uniforms, made in the most fashionable manner.
Washington, Dec. 12—tf
Twenty Dollars Reward,
WILL be given for apprehending negro FAME a very low and tolerable lusty woman about 38 years of age, but from appearance older, very black and much marked with the small pox which occasioned a small defect in one of her eyes.
P. S. I forewarn any person from harboring or employing said woman, at their peril.
MASSEY SIMMS. Nov. 27—tf
City of Washington, Sept. 9, 1805.
Several persons under the impression that the public lots in this city are to be disposed of in future by public sales only, having made enquiries when the next sale will probably take place, we are requested to state that those lots may at any time be purchased at private sale of the Superintendent of the City.
Sept. 9—tf
On a liberal credit.
THE subscriber will dispose of at private sale, his estate called Chichester, lying on the eastern branch, immediately opposite the city of Washington.
ANTHONY ADDISON. Barnaby, 14th June 1805—tf
Twenty Dollars Reward.
AARON, a mulatto man about 43 years old, left the city of Washington early in October, and was seen on the road leading from Alexandria to Leesburg in company with a black woman, who I am informed is the property of some person in the vicinity of this place.
EDWARD GANTT. Nov. 11—tf
FOR SALE
At the Office of the NATIONAL INTELLIGENCER AND AT RAPINE'S BOOK STORE. PRICE ONE DOLLAR.
An Examination
OF THE BRITISH DOCTRINE, WHICH SUBJECTS TO CAPTURE A NEUTRAL TRADE, NOT OPEN IN TIME OF PEACE. January 17.
THE subscriber offers for sale the farm he now occupies, containing near 300 acres with or without the stock thereon.
It is distant from the cities of Georgetown and Washington, about five miles, and well known as a healthy situation. There is much fine fruit thereon, and abounds with springs, affording as good water as in the United States.
Isaac Pollock, Jan. 29—eptf
FOR SALE.
IN the county of Albemarle Virginia, 971 acres of land lying on both sides of Hardaway river, generally adapted to small grain corn and tobacco with a great abundance of meadow land.
CHARLES WINGFIELD. January 1—6w
Twenty Dollars Reward.
WILL be given for apprehending and securing in jail a young Mulatto man slave named ANDREW. He was hired by me last year to Mr. Joseph Thomas who keeps the stage ferry to Alexandria, and since that time has been in the service of the latter and at present at the place where the latter and I are usually last.
G. B. CAUSIN. Maryland Charles County, January 29—tf
STELLE'S HOTEL & CITY TAVERN.
THE Subscriber takes this method of thanking his friends and the public for their favors whilst on the Capitol square and begs leave to acquaint them that he has taken the Spacious Hotel lately erected by Mr. Carroll, near the Capitol.
PONTIUS D. STELLE. Washington City, March 25—tf
WANTED,
A WOMAN that understands plain cooking and house work; likewise a GIRL of about 14 years of age to take care of children—none need apply but those who can bring unexceptionable recommendations.
THOMAS STILLINGS. Nov. 27—tf
ELIAS B. CALDWELL, ATTORNEY AT LAW.
HAS removed his Office, to the house lately occupied by Mr. Law, on Capitol Hill. Washington, July 26—tf
Wanted to hire, during the session of Congress,
a sober steady man to drive a carriage—Apply at the office of the National Intelligencer. County of Washington, Feb. 3, 1806.
CAME to the plantation of the subscriber about the 15th October, 1805.
A Red COW about 10 years old, she has a white spot on each thigh, and her left hip shot—The owner is desired to come, prove property, pay charges and take her away. THOMAS STILLINGS. Feb. 3—t3
THE Subscribers will sell by private bargain those valuable iron works, mills and mill seats, situate at or near the mouth of Antioch creek in Washington county, Md.
Feb. 5—3t
FOR SALE.
THE partnership existing between Daniel Rapine, Michael Conrad, & John Conrad, booksellers, trading under the firm of Rapine Conrad, & Co was dissolved on the 1st of January last by mutual consent.
Feb. 5—3t
HE HAS FOR SALE, JUST RECEIVED,
American Annals; or a chronological history of America, from its discovery in 1492 to 1806, by Abiel Holman, D. D.
WAR IN DISGUISE; or the frauds of Neutral Flags.
Feb. 5—3t
TO BE SOLD,
TWO TRACTS OF LAND, ONE containing 203 acres, the other 26 acres, adjoining each other, and are from 3 to 4 miles from Alexandria in the county of Fairfax and state of Virginia.
Andrew Schoefield, Thomas Cook, Feb. 5—3t
FALL & WINTER GOODS
HAS this day received a Large addition to his former supply of FALL and WINTER GOODS, which makes his assortment very complete.
George town. Oct. 18—NI&UGeptf
TO BE SOLD,
TWO TRACTS OF LAND, ONE containing 203 acres, the other 26 acres, adjoining each other, and are from 3 to 4 miles from Alexandria in the county of Fairfax and state of Virginia.
Andrew Schoefield, Thomas Cook, Feb. 5—3t
THE MEADOW FARM,
About 230 acres in wood, with fine meadow ground—arable Land, well adapted to the use of plough, a good mill seat with a constant stream, constant f. rings of water, and comfortable farm houses.
Feb. 5—3t
POCKET BOOK LOFT.
YESTERDAY morning I lost out of my pocket, between my house in George town and the bank in the city of Washington, a SMALL ALMANAC POCKET BOOK for 1805.
Samuel Turner, jun. Feb. 6—
WILLIAM BROOKS.
Feb. 5—3t
WILLIAM BROOKS.
Feb. 5—3t
WILLIAM BROOKS.
Feb. 5—3t
WILLIAM BROOKS.
Feb. 5—3t
WILLIAM BROOKS.
Feb. 5—3t
WILLIAM BROOKS.
Feb. 5—3t
WILLIAM BROOKS.
Feb. 5—3t
WILLIAM BROOKS.
Feb. 5—3t
WILLIAM BROOKS.
Feb. 5—3t
WILLIAM BROOKS.
Feb. 5—3t
WILLIAM BROOKS.
Feb. 5—3t
WILLIAM BROOKS.
Feb. 5—3t
WILLIAM BROOKS.
Feb. 5—3t
I BEG the attention of the reader to take notice of the reports circulated in Montgomery county, are false and malicious, and not one word of truth in them. The first report was, that I had made over all my property to my son Matthew in Kentucky, and was recorded in Montgomery county, for fear of Thomas Orme.
Feb. 5—3t
WILLIAM LODGE.
Feb. 5—3t
WILLIAM LODGE.
Feb. 5—3t
WILLIAM LODGE.
Feb. 5—3t
WILLIAM LODGE.
Feb. 5—3t
WILLIAM LODGE.
Feb. 5—3t
WILLIAM LODGE.
Feb. 5—3t
WILLIAM LODGE.
Feb. 5—3t
WILLIAM LODGE.
Feb. 5—3t
WILLIAM LODGE.
Feb. 5—3t
WILLIAM LODGE.
Feb. 5—3t
WILLIAM LODGE.
Feb. 5—3t
WILLIAM LODGE.
Feb. 5—3t
WILLIAM LODGE.
Feb. 5—3t
WILLIAM LODGE.
Feb. 5—3t
WILLIAM LODGE.
Feb. 5—3t
WILLIAM LODGE.
Feb. 5—3t
WILLIAM LODGE.
Feb. 5—3t
WILLIAM LODGE.
Feb. 5—3t
WILLIAM LODGE.
Feb. 5—3t
WILLIAM LODGE.
Feb. 5—3t
WILLIAM LODGE.
Feb. 5—3t
WILLIAM LODGE.
Feb. 5—3t
WILLIAM LODGE.
Feb. 5—3t
WILLIAM LODGE.
Feb. 5—3t
WILLIAM LODGE.
Feb. 5—3t
WILLIAM LODGE.
Feb. 5—3t
PROPOSALS. For carrying mails of the United States on the following post roads will be received at the General Post Office until the 8th day of February next, inclusive. 1st. From Washington city by Upper Marlboro and Queen Anne to Annapolis twice a week.
Feb. 30, 1805—twice a week
Public notice is hereby given,
that the subscribers are appointed by the judges of the inferior court of common pleas, in and for the county of Cumberland and state of New Jersey, to settle the estate of Samuel Dole, an insolvent debtor.
DAVID C. WOOD. HUMPHREYS GREEN } Affixers. Downes Cumberland county, state of N. Jersey. Nov. 25, 1805— } Feb. 7—4t
BICKLEY, VERSUS BLODGET.
January 25, 1806.
ORDERED that the report made by Daniel Carroll, trustee in this case of the sale made by him be absolutely ratified and confirmed unless cause to the contrary be shown on or before the 4th Monday in March next.
By order, WM. BRENT, Clk. Feb. 7—Sw
A RAFFLE.
To be Raffled for—30 Chances, at Five Dollars each chance, payable before the raffie, HISTORICAL PAINTING, AN ELEGANT HISTORICAL PAINTING, 33 by 44, in a superb gilt frame, executed at Rome by one of the most eminent artists in Italy.
Feb. 7—7t
MUSIC.
JUST received, and constantly kept at John March's book and stationery store, George Town, A supply of the Newest Music. The Life and Songs of the celebrated Didien in 4 volumes 8vo elegant, calf gilt, with plates, and a new and complete assortment of Johnson's childrens books. February 7—3t
MINIATURE PAINTING.
J. D. MAILLAT has the honor of inviting the Ladies and Gentlemen that are desirous of having their likenesses taken in miniature, in the most striking resemblance, and in the latest modern style, executed to the satisfaction of those that will favor him with their patronage, to call at Mrs. THOMPSON'S, six buildings. Feb. 7, 3w2w.