The national intelligencer and Washington advertiser. (Washington City [D.C.]), 1805-05-22 00:00:00

NATIONAL INTELLIGENCER, AND WASHINGTON ADVERTISER.
VOL. V.
WASHINGTON CITY. PRINTED BY SAMUEL HARRISON SMITH, PENNSYLVANIA AVENUE.
NO. DCCXXI
FIVE DOLLARS PER ANNUM.
WEDNESDAY, MAY 22nd, 1805
PAID IN ADVANCE
SPEECH OF THE GOVERNOR OF CONNECTICUT.
Gentlemen of the council,
Mr. Speaker—and gentlemen of the House of Representatives.
Since our last session, I have received from the gov. of the state of N. Carolina, a letter covering a resolution of the legislature of that state, proposing an amendment to the federal constitution, for the purpose of preventing the further importation of slaves into the United States.
Two resolutions of the legislature of the state of Kentucky, transmitted by the governor of that state, have also been received. One resolution proposing an amendment to the federal constitution, confining the judiciary power of the courts of the United States to certain cases therein mentioned. The other resolution disapproving a proposal made the last year by the state of Massachusetts for an amendment to the constitution of the United States respecting the mode of representation in the Congress of the United States.
I have also received a letter from the governor of the state of Massachusetts, including a resolution of the legislature of that state, approving the amendment to the federal constitution, proposed in Dec. last, by the legislature of the state of N. Carolina.—The several letters and resolutions will now be communicated for your consideration.
When contemplating the general prosperity which, under the smiles of Divine Providence, exists throughout this state, the legislature will be disposed to contribute all in their power to its improvement and advancement. The agriculture of our state is an object of prime importance to its citizens, and as such has very properly received the attention and encouragement of the government; particularly as respects the articles of wool, flax, and hemp,—articles essential to our domestic and home manufactures. In the articles of beef and pork, which may be deemed our principal product, the people of the state are greatly benefited by the extra demands which are made for those articles, in consequence of the frequent wars, which at this period, are wonderfully prevalent among distant and foreign nations, with whom we have commercial connections.—While our agricultural interests are thus benefited by external as well as internal causes, the fishery, which is beginning to increase its importance in some of our towns, and which is likely to prove beneficial to the public, as well as to individual adventurers, may perhaps receive some governmental countenance. An exemption from poll tax, and militia duty, for a limited time, to those who are actually employed as fishermen, if no expedient more proper is devised, may be worthy of legislative consideration.
The article of Butter is of growing importance to our farmers, and its exportation is yearly increasing. It would conduce to its reputation abroad, and prove a means of procuring a more certain and increased price, if an inspection, at the place of export, of all butter designed for exportation, should take place before it goes to its market.
Our state prison for several years past, has been in a course of valuable improvement, as regards some material objects. But still the prisoners are indiscriminately confined together. A separate lodgement of the prisoners, agreeably to their degree of atrocity, when not at labor, has always appeared to me, an important requisite in such an institution. An indiscriminate confinement exposes the young and inexperienced offender, who perhaps has needlessly been overtaken by his crime, to the contaminating conversation of the more desperate and practiced villain, who will delight to recount his adventures, and give his pernicious advice and instruction to the more tender proficients; and will endeavor to prepare and confirm his mind for the perpetration of more daring crimes, when his final time of punishment is expired. The salutary improvement alluded to, might be effected by confining the prisoner when placed below in their caverns, in two or three classes, assigned to as many separate apartments for the night, according to the degree of crime and punishment. The state of the caverns, would I should think, afford this accommodation, with but small additional expense; and in such situation, the less profligate would be secluded, during the night, from the dangerous company and intercourse of their more experienced fellow
prisoners; while in the day time, and when at their labor, all improper conversation and practices, are by present regulation, prohibited and restrained.
It may be a subject worthy of legislative enquiry, whether the provisions in our statute laws respecting schools, are fully adequate to the purposes of their best improvement; or if so, whether there is sufficient attention paid to those provisions, to effect their intended objects? It is to be feared that in too many instances, the committees of districts, as also the persons chosen overseers, or visitors of the schools, are not only inattentive to the literary qualifications of the teachers, but are too neglectful of their religious and moral characters as schoolmasters and instructors. While the funds appropriated by the state for the support of our schools are so ample, it will be unfortunate indeed, should our towns, by their own negligence or misapplication of their monies, lose the benefit of so wise a calculation of the legislature. It is of incalculable importance to the good order, well being and happiness of the state, that the education of our children should be attended to, not only for the purposes of literary information, but also for instruction in the principles of religion and morality, agreeable to the wise institutions of our fathers. The early bias given to the young and tender mind in forming it to the principles of religion, virtue and good order, will probably stamp the character of the youth through life; while the neglect of these seasonable impressions will be unhappily experienced by the individuals themselves, and lamentably felt by the public, in their consequent conduct in society.
When we reflect on the general prosperity and happiness, which for a long course of years, this state has experienced, resulting from the habitual good order so generally prevalent among our citizens, founded on their observance of the wise and wholesome civil regulations, as well as the religious and moral institutions which are inherited from our fathers, it would seem that, while our hearts are excited to lively gratitude and praise to the Great Author of all our mercies, we may also be encouraged in a confident hope, that, so long as we cleave to the God of our fathers, honor his service, acknowledge his superintending Providence, and practise his commands, we may still be favored with his kind protection and wise direction. Let us therefore cultivate the duties of religion and virtue;—let us cherish the pure practice of our ancient and venerable institutions;—let us steadily adhere to our long-tried and valuable civil regulations, and in the discharge of our peculiar duties as legislators and public administrators, let us encourage and recommend that spirit of harmony, peace and unity, which will serve to tranquilize the passions, and soften the asperities of political opinions; so that, although conflicting sentiments may exist among, we may not permit this circumstance to embitter our feelings, unhinge our social intercourse, or destroy our public or private happiness.
JONATHAN TRUMBULL. Hartford—May session, 1805.
HOUSE OF COMMONS, MARCH 25.
CATHOLIC PETITION.
Mr. FOX rose and spoke to the following effect: "In the course of my parliamentary life I never rose to execute any duty with more satisfaction than I feel upon this occasion. Certainly I am happy in being the instrument to present a petition, which, whatever be its merits (upon which I shall make no observation at present) offers the most satisfactory proof that the great body of the Catholics of Ireland, whatever exceptions there may be, seek to remedy the grievances they feel by legal means; by an application to the Imperial Parliament; by a mode the most constitutional and respectful that could be devised." The hon. member, after having read some part of the petition, concluded with moving for leave to bring it up, which being granted, the petition was brought up, and read as follows:
To the Right Hon. and Hon. the Knights, Citizens and Burgesses of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, in Parliament assembled.
The humble petition of the Roman Catholics of Ireland, whose names are hereunto subscribed, on behalf of themselves, and of
others his Majesty's subjects professing the Roman Catholic religion,
SHEWETH,
That your petitioners are steadfastly attached to the person, family, and government of their most gracious sovereign; that they are impressed with sentiments of affectionate gratitude for the benignant laws which have been enacted for ameliorating their condition during his paternal reign; and that they contemplate, with rational and decided predilection, the admirable principles of the British constitution.
Your petitioners most humbly state, that they have solemnly and publicly taken the oaths prescribed by law to his majesty's Roman Catholic subjects, as tests of political and moral principles; and they confidently appeal to the sufferings which they have long endured, and the sacrifices which they still make, rather than violate their consciences, (by taking oaths of a religious or spiritual import contrary to their belief), as decisive proof of their profound and scrupulous reverence for the sacred obligation of an oath.
Your petitioners beg leave to represent that by these awful tests they bind themselves in the presence of the all-seeing Deity, whom all classes of christians adore, "to be faithful and bear true allegiance to their most gracious sovereign, king George the Third, and him to defend, to the utmost of their power, against all conspiracies and attempts whatsoever that shall be made against his person, crown, or dignity, to do their utmost endeavors to disclose and make known to his majesty, and his heirs, all treasons and traitorous conspiracies which may be formed against him or them, and faithfully to maintain, support, and defend to the utmost of their power the succession to the crown in his majesty's family against any persons whatsoever;" that by those oaths "they renounce and abjure obedience and allegiance unto any other person claiming, any other person claiming, or pretending a right to the crown of this realm; that they reject and detest, as unchristian and impious, to believe that it is lawful in any ways to injure any person or persons whatsoever, under pretence of their being heretics, and also that unchristian and impious principle, that no faith is to be kept with heretics; that it is no article of their faith, and that they renounce and reject, and abjure the opinion, that princes, excommunicated by the Pope and council, or by any authority whatsoever, may be deposed or murdered by their subjects, or by any person whatsoever; that they do not believe that the Pope of Rome, or any other foreign prince, prelate, state, or potentate, hath, or ought to have any temporal or civil jurisdiction, power, superiority, or preeminence within this realm; that they firmly believe that no act, in itself unjust, immoral, or wicked, can ever be justified or excused, by or under pretence or colour, that it was done for the good of the church, or in obedience to any ecclesiastical power whatsoever, and that it is not an article of the Catholic faith; neither are they thereby required to believe, or profess that the pope is infallible, or that they are bound to obey any order in its own nature immoral, though the pope, or any ecclesiastical power should issue or direct any such order; but, on the contrary they hold, that it would be sinful to pay any respect or obedience thereto; that they do not believe that any sin whatsoever committed by them can be forgiven at the mere will of any pope, or of any priest, or of any person or persons whatsoever, but that any person who receives absolution for the same, without a sincere sorrow for them, and a firm and sincere resolution to avoid future guilt, and to atone to God, so far from obtaining thereby any remission of his sins, incurs the additional guilt of violating a sacrament;" and by the same solemn obligation, "they are bound and firmly pledged to defend to the utmost of their power, the settlement and arrangement of property in their country, as established by the laws now in being; that they have disclaimed, disavowed, and solemnly abjured any intention to subvert the present church establishment, for the purpose of substituting a catholic establishment in its stead;" and that they have also solemnly sworn "that they will not exercise any privilege to which they are or may become entitled, to disturb or weaken the protestant religion, or protestant government in Ireland."
* The oath is imposed by the statutes of 1773 and 1793, and must be taken and recited publicly in court to entitle a Catholic to any exemption from the old penal laws.
Your petitioners most humbly beg leave to shew, that however painful it is to their feelings that it should still be thought necessary to exact such tests from them, (and from them alone of all his majesty's subjects) they can with perfect truth affirm, that the political and moral principles which are thereby asserted, are not only conformable to their opinions and habits, but are expressly inculcated by the religion which they profess; and your petitioners most humbly trust, that the religious doctrines which permit such tests to be taken, will be pronounced by this honorable house to be entitled to a toleration not merely partial but complete, under the happy constitution and government of this realm; and that his majesty's Roman Catholic subjects, holding those principles, will be considered as subjects, upon whose fidelity the state may repose the firmest reliance.
Your petitioners further most humbly shew, that twenty-six years have now elapsed, since their most gracious sovereign, and the honorable houses of parliament in Ireland, by their public and deliberate act, declared, that "from the uniform, peaceable, behavior of the Roman Catholics of Ireland, for a long series of years, it appears reasonable and expedient, to relax the disabilities and incapacities under which they labored, and it must tend not only to the cultivation and improvement of this kingdom, but to the prosperity and strength of all his majesty's dominions, that his majesty's subjects of all denominations should enjoy the blessings of a free constitution, and should be bound to each other by mutual interest and mutual affection—a declaration, founded upon unerring principles of justice and sound policy, which still remains to be carried into full effect;" although your petitioners are impressed with a belief, that the apprehensions which retarded its beneficial operation, previous to the union, cannot exist in the parliament of the united kingdom.
For your petitioners most humbly shew, that by virtue of divers statutes, now in force, his majesty's Roman catholic subjects, who form so great a proportion of the population of Ireland, and contribute so largely to the resources of the state, do yet labor under many incapacities, restraints and privations, which affect them with peculiar severity in almost every station of life; that, more especially, they are denied the capacity of sitting or voting in either of the honorable houses of parliament, the manifold evils consequent upon which incapacity, they trust it is unnecessary to unfold or enumerate to this honorable house.
They are disabled from holding or exercising, unless by a special dispensation, any corporate office whatsoever in the cities and towns in which they reside; they are incapacitated and disqualified from holding or exercising the offices of sheriffs and sub-sheriffs, and various offices of trust, honor, and emolument in the state, in his majesty's military and naval service, and in the administration of the law, in this their native land.
Your petitioners, declining to enter into the principal detail of the many incapacities and inconveniences avowedly inflicted by those statutes upon his majesty's Roman catholic subjects, beg leave, however, most earnestly to solicit the attention of this honorable house to the humiliating and ignominious system of exclusion, reproach and suspicion, which those statutes generate and keep alive.
For your petitioners most humbly shew, that in consequence of the hostile spirit thereby sanctioned, their hopes of enjoying even the privileges which, through the benignity of their most gracious sovereign, they have been incapacitated to enjoy, are nearly altogether frustrated, in so much, that they are in effect shut out from almost all the honors, dignities, and offices of trust and emolument in the state, from rank and distinction in his majesty's army and navy, and even from the lowest situations and franchises in the several cities and corporate towns throughout his majesty's dominions.
And your petitioners severely feel, that this unqualified interdiction of those of their communion from all municipal stations, from the franchises of all guilds and corporations, and from the patronage and benefits annexed to those situations,
is not an evil terminating in itself; for they beg leave to state, that by giving an advantage over those of their communion to others, by whom such situations are exclusively possessed, it establishes a species of qualified monopoly, universally operating in their disfavor, contrary to the spirit, and highly detrimental to the freedom of trade.
Your petitioners likewise severely feel that his majesty's Roman Catholic subjects, in consequence of their exclusion from the offices of sheriffs & sub-sheriffs, of the hostile spirit of those statutes, do not fully enjoy certain other inestimable privileges of the British Constitution, which the law has most jealously maintained and secured to their fellow subjects.
Your petitioners most humbly beg leave to solicit the attention of this honorable House to the distinction which has conceded the Elective, and denies the Representative franchise to one and the same class of his majesty's subjects;—which detaches from property its proportion of its political power under a constitution, whose vital principle is the union of the one with the other; which closes every avenue of legalised a bition against those who must be presumed to have great credit and influence amongst the mass of the population of the country; which refuses to Peers of the Realm all share in the Legislative Representation, either actual or virtual, and renders the liberal profession of the law to Roman Catholics a mere object of pecuniary traffic, despoiled of its hopes and of its honors.
Your petitioners further most humbly shew, that the exclusion of so numerous and efficient a portion of his majesty's subjects as the Roman Catholics of this Realm, from civil honors and offices, and from advancement in his majesty's army and navy, actually impairs, in a very material degree, the most valuable resources of the British Empire, by impeding his majesty's general service, lessening the most honorable and powerful incentives to military and civil merit, and unnecessarily restricting the exercise of that bright prerogative of the Crown, which encourage good subjects to promote the public welfare, and excites them to meritorious actions, by a well regulated distribution of public honors and rewards.
Your petitioners beg leave most humbly to submit, that those manifold incapacities, restraints and privations are absolutely repugnant to the liberal and comprehensive principles recognized by their most gracious sovereign and the Parliament of Ireland; that they are idolatrous restraints upon his majesty's royal prerogative, that they are hurtful and venous to the feelings of a loyal and generous people, and that the total abolition of them will be found not only compatible with, but highly conducive to the perfect security of every establishment, religious or political, now existing in this realm.
For, your petitioners must explicitly declare that they do not seek or wish, in the remotest degree, to injure or encroach upon "the rights, privileges, immunities, possessions or revenues appertaining to the bishops and clergy of the Protestant religion, as by law established, or to the churches committed to their charge, or to any of them." The sole object of your petitioners being an equal participation, upon equal terms, with their fellow subjects, of the full benefits of the British laws and constitution.
Your petitioners beg leave most humbly to observe, that although they might well and justly insist upon the firm and unabated loyalty of his majesty's Roman Catholic subjects to their most gracious Sovereign, their profound respect to the legislature, & their dutiful submission to the laws, yet they most especially, all their humble claims and expectations of relief, upon the clear and manifest conduciveness of the measure which they submit, to the general and permanent tranquility, strength and happiness of the British empire; and your petitioners, entertaining no doubt of its final accomplishment, from its evident justice and utility, do most solemnly assure this hon. House that their earnest solicitude for it at this peculiar crisis, arises principally from their anxious desire to extinguish all motives to disunion, and all means of exciting discontent.
For your petitioners most humbly state it as their decided opinion, that the enemies of the British empire, who meditate the subjugation of Ireland, have no hope of success, save in the disunion of its
† This is the preamble of the Irish statute of 1778, when the relaxation commenced.
‡ This comprehends the very words of his majesty's coronation oath.

inhabitants; and therefore it is that your petitioners are deeply anxious at this moment, that a measure should be accomplished which will annihilate the principle of religious animosity, and animate all descriptions of his Majesty's subjects in an enthusiastic defence of the best constitution that has ever yet been established.
Your petitioners therefore, most humbly presume to express their earnest but respectful hope, that this hon. House will, in its wisdom and liberality, deem the several statutes now in force against them, no longer necessary to be retained, and that his Majesty's loyal and dutiful subjects professing the Roman Catholic religion, may be effectually relieved from the operation of those statutes, and that they may be restored to the full enjoyment of the benefits of the British constitution, and to every inducement of attachment to that constitution equally and in common with their fellow subjects throughout the British empire.
And your petitioners will ever pray, &c.
After some debate relative to the time for the discussion of the petition, the 9th of May was fixed on.
From the Mercury.
SKETCH
OF THE CHARACTER OF EPHRAIM KIRBY.
When men, distinguished for uncommon virtues and talents, descend into the grave, affection not only weeps over their tombs, but dwells with a melancholy pleasure on the remembrance of their excellences.
Few men were possessed of those qualities which conciliate esteem, awaken friendship, and command respect, in a more eminent degree than Ephraim Kirby. Accordingly there have been few more beloved by their friends when living, and fewer whose death has been more deeply deplored. In the following imperfect sketch of some features of the character of my departed friend, it shall be my endeavor to avoid the influence of partiality, and to pourtray a faithful picture, drawn with the lights and shades of its original. To a capacity uncommonly great, Mr. Kirby united a disposition of ardent curiosity, and a spirit of unconquerable perseverance. His attainments were of course limited by no ordinary extent. Unfortunately, his circumstances would not admit an early application to letters, and he was destitute of those advantages for education, which are usually considered indispensable to eminence. But his intellect broke thro' all these obstacles, and shone in the meridian of his life, with so resplendent a lustre, that few would suspect its morning to have been obscured by clouds. It is not intended by this that the distinguishing characteristic of his talents was brilliancy. He was peculiarly eminent for the acuteness of his sagacity, and the soundness and perspicuity of his judgment. His was not that rapid genius which lightens on a subject, and as if by intuition, scans it at one comprehensive glance. His intellect, like the luminous ray, shone with steady and serene light, and illuminated every object on which its beams were directed.
He did not continue his professional pursuits a sufficient length of time to reach the zenith of legal eminence, but still, as a lawyer, he was highly respectable. His reports, which are the first attempt of that description in this country, remain a monument of his legal industry and talent. Though compiled under every disadvantage incident to publications of this species in an infant country, where the encouragement was necessarily small, it is believed that the reports of Mr. Kirby will not suffer by a comparison with those of his most favored successors. As an advocate, he was more sound than shewy, more perspicuous than brilliant; and his arguments enforced conviction, more by their intrinsic weight than by any adventitious ornament by which they were accompanied. In every species of polemical writing, he was eminently successful. Assailed by the united talents of several distinguished men, he defended himself with a nervous vigor, which proved to his adversaries, and to the world, that he was alone fully competent to cope with this formidable combination.
In speaking of him as a public character, it is necessary to advert to his political feelings. He was ever a most decided & inflexible republican. Early in his life, when the American Revolution called forth all the patriotism of the nation, Mr. Kirby appeared not only as an advocate to the cause of his country, but as her defender in arms. In support of those principles which he esteemed most sacred, he was ready to forsake the calmness of retirement, and his professional prospects, to encounter distress and danger in their most appalling forms, and if necessary to lay down his life. As a soldier, he was cool and courageous; intrepid, but not rash, and endowed with a
presence of mind which the most imminent perils served to render only more eminently conspicuous. In the service of his country, he received some very severe wounds, the effects of which he felt during life, and the honorable marks of which he carried with him to the grave, as testimonials of his patriotism and valor. It was in the American army, that nursery of heroes, and school of liberty, that those principles which he had previously imbibed, were fixed on a foundation of immovable stability. Though he moved in a less exalted sphere than a Greene, a Gates, a Clinton, or a Sullivan, still he was animated by the same patriotic principles which animated those worthies, and like them he ever continued a republican, "without variableness, or a shadow of turning." After the war of independence was terminated, these principles accompanied him as a legislator. In the General Assembly of his native state, he was soon a distinguished member; and was rapidly rising to political eminence, when the principles of '76, those principles for which he had steadily contended, and for which he had shed his blood, suddenly became generally unpopular, and particularly so in Connecticut. His singular revolution may be traced to various sources. Numbers of our prominent characters had embraced the opinion that a monarchy was the only safe and efficient form of government. Fearing openly to propagate sentiments of this nature, it became necessary to conceal them under the specious veil of attachment to order, religion, and government, and apprehension of universal infidelity, and "wild anarchy." About this time, the French revolution, which in its earlier stages, had promised to do much for the cause of human happiness, became disfigured with cruelty and blood, and polluted with impiety and anarchy. Under the name of democracy, crimes of the most infernal nature were perpetrated, by a despotism more terrible than any which has cursed the world. Not satisfied with domestic plunder, the French committed enormous depredations on American property, which roused against them in this country a sentiment of the most lively indignation. Eagerly seizing on this occasion, the advocates of a more "energetic" government, turned the popular attention to the horrors of the French revolution, and the very name of republican, once so formidable in America, became synonymous with those of disorganizer, demoralizer, and infidel. Among those who opposed the torrent of popular enthusiasm on this occasion, Mr. Kirby took a firm and unalterable stand. Accordingly, he together with others who remained attached to the principles of our revolution, was rendered extremely unpopular, and stigmatized with every epithet of opprobrium. With that inflexible perseverance which was a prominent trait in his character, he continued openly to avow and defend his sentiments, and at length enjoyed the satisfaction of seeing them more extensively triumphant than they had been at any former period. In Connecticut, the republicans evinced their exalted sense of his superior merit, by repeatedly selecting him as their candidate for the government chair, and he was by the President of the United States, appointed Supervisor of the Revenue. In the autumn of 1803, he received the appointment of Commissioner to settle conflicting claims to lands in the South western territory, and in the year 1804 he was nominated Chief Justice of the Supreme court of New Orleans, when death arrested his course, and closed forever the career of his terrestrial usefulness and honors.
In private life, no man was more estimable than Mr. Kirby. As a husband, he was uniformly tender and affectionate, and he possessed that mingled dignity and mildness which form the happiest shade of the paternal character. As a friend, —but how in this respect shall I do justice to his merit? If, as his adversaries assert, he was vindictive in his enemies, he was certainly most ardent and generous in his friendships. But though his passions were warm, he was not implacable. Notwithstanding the persecutions which he suffered, the unparallelled calumnies raised against him, and the ingratitude he experienced from some whole benefactor he had been, the writer of this hasty sketch can declare, that Mr. Kirby did justice to the merits of his most virulent enemies, and their unprincipled efforts to destroy his character, excited in his bosom as much of pity as of resentment. Possessing the mens sibi conscia recti, he pursued steadily and inflexibly the course which his reason pointed out and his conscience approved, unduced by flattery, and undismayed by calumny.
Now,—since the grave has closed over this excellent man, since his virtues and talents can no longer be serviceable to his friends, or formidable to his enemies, it was to be expected that enmity would subside, and calumny be hushed to silence forever. But the same vengeful and unrelenting spirit of detraction which assailed him when living, has pursued
* Among these may be included, by their own confession, President Adams, Gen. Hamilton, and some eminent men in Connecticut.
his memory, and with sacrilegious profanation has violated the sanctuary of the tomb, and endeavored to pollute the ashes of the dead. I have therefore thought it my duty, to pay this small tribute to the memory of a man, whose friendship I had the honor and happiness to enjoy. If I have described him erroneously, it is not because I have extenuated his faults, but because I have not done justice to his virtues.
SALEM, APRIL 29.
A late account from China leads us to make enquiry into the condition of that remote but populous country. From some writers it has had the highest character from the stability of its civil affairs, and comparisons have been often made in its favor, in a view of the most enlightened state of Europe. But the highest praise has been drawn more freely from imagination, than truth, from impostors, than men soberly informed. Voltaire found on this subject full scope for his talents. The more extensive our knowledge has been, the less we find to admire in the government of this celebrated country. As soon as admission could be obtained into this great nation, it became an object for the zeal of the missionaries to convert its inhabitants. Father Premare, in 1700 writer; China is the most fruitful climate, and is the richest country in the universe. He then describes the magnificence of the court, and the wealth of the richest subjects. He then proceeds to a paradox, but than which nothing he thinks can be more true. That the richest empire in the world, is, in a sense, the poorest upon the globe. The number of inhabitants is prodigious, and yet a third part of the whole nation would accept a subsistence upon rice alone. Extreme necessity has given indulgence to great enormities. Children are not only sold, but exposed. Want has produced thieves, and famine is frequent in its ravages. Yet time had reconciled the poor to their sufferings; though an indolence often seen in Europe was unknown. 'An inhabitant of China was often seen for days turning up the ground, and laboring in the water for a subsistence on rice, and the water in which it was prepared.' It is not to be believed that any police would be sufficient to give universal content in such circumstances. It is not strange then to hear of discontent, especially when famine was spreading distress over a vast province. Hence we learn from Mr. Barrow who was in the late embassy from England, that the principal cause of popular discontent was in the famine which prevailed. 'Partial insurrections,' says he, 'occasionally happen; but they are generally owing to the extreme poverty of the people, which, in seasons of scarcity and famine, compel them to take by violence the means of subsisting life, which otherwise they could not obtain. To this cause may be referred the origin of almost all the commotions recorded in their history, thro' some of which, when the calamity became general, the regular succession has been interrupted, and even changed. His still is willing to attribute something to political causes. A visit to China could better inform the traveller of the condition of the poor and of the existing laws, than of the causes of remote events, and of the past insurrections of the people. The Jesuits say, that though the laws and customs were favorable to the destruction of infants, yet the love of life was sufficiently strong to prevent self destruction. And they concur with Mr. Barrow in the representation of the prevailing practice of exposing children. After exposing the greatest evils of domestic education, Mr. Barrow proceeds to show that the horrid practice of infanticide was tolerated by customs, and encouraged, by the government. He says, 'it is tacitly considered as a part of the duty of the police of Pekin to employ certain persons to go their rounds, at an early hour in the morning, with carts in order to pick up such bodies of infants as may have been thrown out into the streets in the course of the night. No inquiries are made; but the bodies are carried to a common pit without the city walls, into which all those that may be living, as well as those that are dead, are said to be thrown promiscuously.' 'I should conclude, that about twenty-four infants were, on an average, in Pekin, daily carried to the pit of death; where the little innocents, that have not yet breathed their last, are condemned without remorse.'
'To be stifled in the vault, 'To whose foul mouth no wholesome air breaks in, 'And there die.'
'This calculation gives nine thousand yearly, for the capital alone, where it is supposed about an equal number are exposed to that of every other part of the empire.'—Whatever may have been the ancient policy on this subject, and whatever a sense of shame in the cruellest of guilt may perpetrate in all nations, this calamity must not be attributed to a characteristic inhumanity, but to the cruelty of poverty unprovided for, neglected, and very often extreme.
It is evident that the fundamental laws provide for no such state, nor is public opinion favorable to it. But the political state of China involves such evils in defiance of all the remonstrances, which are insufficient to remove the cause of the evils. No person can believe that such a state of society have sure tranquillity.
Additional instances of longevity in Virginia communicated by Mr. E. of the Court of Appeals.
 1. Thomas Dance late of the county of Chesterfield, died about the 1775, aged 123 years. I saw him at Chesterfield election when he was 115 years of age and said he had walked eight miles to the court house that morning. He was born in London.  2. John Holloway an old soldier under the duke of Marlborough at the battle of Blenheim, in 1704 died in Prince Edward county about the year 1791 aged 123 years. He was born in England.  3. John M'Bride an Irishman and old soldier under the duke of Marlborough at the battle of Blenheim, died in Goochland about the year 1789 aged 104. He lived and died within five miles of the place of my nativity.  5. Anne Brown, born in Gloucester county Virginia, died in the county of Hanover about the year 1717, aged 110 years. I made her a visit the year before she died and found her reading in a Testament without spectacles though she told me she had used them for more than fifty years, but had for about 8 years preceding my visit, enjoyed her light as perfectly as at the age of 40.  6. Mary Merritt, died near Ground Squirrel bridge in the county of Hanover, in the year 1777. Her age unknown, but she lived 83 years with Merritt, her third husband, who was gardener to Sir Wm. Berkeley at James Town, when he was governor of Virginia. She survived her husband, but how long is unknown.  7. John Pool died in Powhatan county in 1788, aged 96.  8. Mary Pleasants, mother of the late Thomas Pleasants of Goochland county, died about the year 1792 or 93 aged 96.  9. Joseph Pollard, father of the late Jude Pendleton's widow, and grand father of the present clerk of Hanover court, died in the year 1788 aged —. He had only one wife with whom he lived in the married state 68 years.  10. Mathew Early, late of the county of Powhatan, born in the year 1700, died in the year 1791. I wrote his death.  11. Samuel Landrum my (nearest neighbor) died in December 1803 aged 87.  12. Mary Chastain late of Powhatan county, died in 1800 aged 95.  13. Judith Bingly of Powhatan county now alive, aged 101.  14. Charles Burton, (now living in Chesterfield) born in Sept. 1700. In the time of Cornwallis's invasion in 1781, he served a three months tour as a volunteer in the Chesterfield militia.  15. I last Saturday visited a near neighbour, Mr. Edward Woodbridge, and found him chatting with his wife, to whom, he told me, he was married in the year 1742. They were both in good health.  I was personally acquainted with all the persons before mentioned, except the two marked thus*. I was told, two years ago, by Mr. M. Clarke, who lives near Louisville in Kentucky; that he had 27 brothers and 2 sisters. That his father had been thrice married, and was then living in Lunenburgh county, Virginia.
MERINO SHEEP,
LATELY INTRODUCED INTO ENGLAND. The following facts are extracted from London papers, of the 5th and 6th of March, 1805.
At Lord Somerville's cattle shew, on the 5th March last, which was attended by a great number of noblemen, gentlemen and persons engaged in the promotion of rural and domestic economy, it was stated that the wool of the Spanish breed of sheep imported into England, instead of losing, had increased in fineness; and that there was a prospect, a sufficient quantity might soon be produced to supersede the necessity of foreign importation for the woollen manufacturery.
One Merino ram was let, for two seasons, for 111 guineas, and another for 110.
The first Merino lamb was sold to Mr. B. Kingham for 32 guineas; second to Mr. Weldman for 28 guineas; third to Mr. Blake for 31 guineas—and a Southdown and Merino ram to the earl of Bridgewater for 55 guineas.
Many premiums were adjudged and presented for excellence in different branches of improvement in agricultural pursuits.
Circumstances have recently arisen, which render it an enquiry of great importance, in what true republicanism consists. It is essentially necessary to determine this point before we can decide who are genuine republicans. This decision is of the most momentous nature. In all communities, but more especially in those which are free, political strength is the result of association; and such association will be powerful in proportion to the numbers of those united, and their identity of sentiment on the great points for the establishment or maintenance of which they have united. It is essential then to the durable power of the republicans of the United States, that they should combine numbers and coincidence of political sentiment. Both are indispensable. Neither will long avail without the other. Coincidence of sentiment, unaided by numbers, will be feeble under institutions which, in general, give to every citizen the same measure of political power; and numbers, however great, will quickly sink into impotence, or be scattered in confusion, unless there be an unity in the objects, and a correspondence in the means used for obtaining them. To what degree it is necessary that this unity of object and correspondence of means should exist, to inspire a general confidence among those who are associated, is a problem of no easy solution; and yet every day's experience calls upon political men to make it. For how else am I to determine whether he who differs from me on particular points is to be viewed as a political friend or foe.
There are two ways in which this enquiry may be made; either by an examination of those points on which an agreement is essential, and thence inferring that on other points it is not essential; or by enquiring, in the first instance, on what points it is not necessary to agree, and then enquiring on what of the remaining points an agreement is necessary. The subject will be probably best elucidated by making the latter enquiry first.
The principles of government are usually and deservedly considered as the most interesting objects of attention. They are the great features of discrimination which distinguish the habits and condition of one people from those of another. If not immuable, they are, compared with all other human institutions, of so permanent a character, as to decide in a great, if not the greatest degree, the destiny of nations, to lead them to happiness and glory, or conduct them to misery and humiliation. A free government too, is the source of the greatest felicity, and a despotic government the parent of the greatest wretchedness. Thus far it is essential that all political men in this country, to be entitled to confidence, should think alike; and thus far those who profess themselves republicans do think alike.
But the moment, we come to apply this principle to human actions, a diversity of opinion is found to spring up. The people are universally acknowledged to be the source of all power, but how they shall exercise this power is a point variously decided. It is universally agreed that "all men are created equal; that they are endowed by their creator with certain unalienable rights; that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness." And yet, in most cases, the first steps taken, in the formation of governments and laws, is to destroy this very equality; and the degrees in which it is abrogated will be found to be as various as the constitutions of the respective states. For instance, it would seem that, in a representative government, the fundamental principle, in order to insure equality, would be the right of every man to participate in the choice of his rulers, and yet it will be perceived, on examining the several constitutions, that it is scarcely the same in any two states.
The popular branch of the legislature is chosen
BY CITIZENS.
 In New Hampshire, paying taxes,  Massachusetts—possessed of freehold of 31. income, or estate worth 60l.  Rhode-Island—no constitutional qualification.  Connecticut—possessed of freehold of 21. income, or estate worth 41.  New-York—possessed of freehold of 201. or who pay rent of 40s value.  New-Jersey—worth 501.  Pennsylvania—who pay taxes.  Delaware—ditto.  Maryland—ditto.  Virginia—freeholders.  North Carolina—who pay taxes. 

BY CITIZENS.
South Carolina—possessed of 50 acres. Georgia—who pay taxes. Vermont—no constitutional qualification. Tennessee—freeholders. Kentucky—free white males.
The smaller branch of the legislature is elected
BY CITIZENS.
In New Hampshire—who pay taxes. Massachusetts—possessed of freehold of 3 l . income, or estate of 60 l . Rhode Island—no constitutional qualification. Connecticut—possessed of freehold of 2 l . income, or estate of 40 l . New York—possessed of freehold of 100 l . New Jersey—worth 50 l . Pennsylvania—who pay taxes. Delaware—who do. Maryland—who do. Virginia—freeholders. North Carolina—possessed of 50 acres. South Carolina—possessed of 50 acres. Georgia—who pay taxes. Vermont—no constitutional qualification. Tennessee—freeholders. Kentucky—free white males.
The governor is elected in
BY CITIZENS.
New Hampshire—who pay taxes. Massachusetts—possessed of 3 l . income, or estate of 60 l . Rhode Island—no constitutional qualification. Connecticut—possessed of 40 l . freehold, or estate of 40 l . New York—possessed of freehold of 100 l . New Jersey—who pay taxes. Pennsylvania—who pay taxes. Delaware—who do. Maryland—who pay taxes. Virginia—who do. North Carolina—who do. South Carolina—who do. Georgia—who do. Vermont—no constitutional qualification. Tennessee—freeholders. Kentucky—free white males.
When we perceive the opinions of our purest patriots, whose integrity in most instances had gone through the crucible of a revolution, so discordant on this interesting point, we are irresistibly led to the conclusion, that the discovery of political truths is so arduous, and the lights of human wisdom so imperfect, that no common unvarying principle is yet to be found by which we shall decide peremptorily, without a liability to error, what plans are the wisest for securing ends on the importance of which we are all agreed; or we are led to the conclusion that different communities, however alike in their habits and their wants to the superficial observer, require for the accomplishment of the same ends the application of very different means.
The writer of these remarks is firmly impressed with the conviction of the superiority of those political structures which rest on the universal suffrages of freemen. He believes that time will not only develop the expediency, but the necessity of universally adopting this principle. He believes, that in the inevitable approaches of our communities to luxury and an unequal distribution of riches, this right will be found to be the only palladium of liberty. But, however enthusiastic his veneration for this principle may be, he is not so blind to passing events, nor so insensible to the prosperity of many of the states, in which a different principle prevails, as not to allow that good and wise men may differ on the subject; and that they actually do differ most widely; and that consequently there is no reason to distrust the genuine republicanism of either description of men. From the view we have taken, it appears that in many of the most republican states the right of suffrage is very differently modified; that, for instance, in Pennsylvania taxation is the only requisite, while in Virginia, a certain portion of property is necessary; and yet the politics of both of these states are decidedly republican. It also appears that in some of the states, whose prevailing politics are considered anti-republican, the right of suffrage is as little restricted as in those states whose politics are republican.
The same remarks may be applied with equal force to the degrees of responsibility of rulers to the people existing in the different states. This responsibility depends upon the manner in which officers are appointed; upon the periods for which they are appointed; and upon the mode of removing them.
Let us examine each of these points. Independently of the use, proposed to be here made of this information, the intelligent mind will derive from it interesting materials for reflection.
First, with regard to the mode of appointing officers.
From the view we have just taken it appears that the chief magistrate, in whom is invested the executive power, is chosen in the states of New Jersey, Maryland, Virginia, N. Carolina, S. Carolina & Georgia by the legislature; that
in New Hampshire, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Kentucky, and Vermont he is elected by the great body of the citizens; that in Massachusetts, Connecticut, New York and Tennessee he is elected by free holders.
It also appears that the modes of choosing the legislature in the several states, not only differ in many cases from those adopted for the election of governor, but also differ equally among themselves.
The judiciary are appointed as follows:
In New Hampshire—By governor and council. Massachusetts—Do. Rhode Island—Governor and assistants. Connecticut—Legislature. New York—Council of appointment. New Jersey—Legislature. Pennsylvania—Governor. Delaware—Do. Maryland—Governor and council. Virginia—Legislature. N. Carolina—Do. S. Carolina—Do. Georgia—Do. Vermont—Do. Tennessee—Do. Kentucky—Do.
Thus then it appears that the mode of appointing the several departments of each government is essentially different in the different states. In some states the chief magistrates are elected directly by the people, according to an enlarged right of suffrage, while in other instances they are elected according to a more limited suffrage, and that in some states they are elected by the legislature.
It further appears that the manner of electing the several legislative bodies is very different.
And it further appears that the judiciary department is constituted in the several states in a manner equally various.
Nor do these varying features appear to have characterized, in any material degree, the general policy of the governments. There is found the same difference between republican states, as between those which are republican, and those which are federal. And under all these varying modifications, as wise and upright men have been called to office, as good laws have been enacted, and justice has been as impartially administered, in one state as in the other. What are we to infer from the existence of these different institutions all attended with a like result, but that the road to happiness is very broad, and is far from being confined to the little track marked by the practice of a particular community or designated by the theory of a great name. We should certainly err, if we were to pronounce that all these dissimilar modes are equally good in reference to the same society; but we are justified in saying that our best and wisest citizens, having, in times exempt from party violence, differed widely, on them, the same indulgence should be allowed at present; and that consequently we have no valid reason for suspecting the republicanism of the citizen who holds one or the other of these modes to be the best.
[To be Continued.]
MR. SMITH,
Please to publish the following ticket for Councilmen in your useful paper and oblige a citizen.
Sam l . Hamilton, Cor. Coningham, Wm. Emack, John M c Gowan, Alex. M c Cormack, S. H. Smith, John Dempsey, Timothy Caldwell, Wm. Prout, Joseph Hodgson, Peter Miller, Charles Jones, John Sinclair, Lewis Clephan, Ben. King, Joseph Bromley, Griffith Coombes, James Davidson.
The amusement of bull baiting has been abolished in Spain.
Extract of a letter from the American consul at Tunis, dated January 16th, 1805.
“A courier has arrived here from Tripoli, who left it on the 12 th inst. He brings no letters from the American officers, but Mr. Mason, says in his letter to me, that they were all well and in good spirits.”
The following curious and interesting extracts are from the summary which regularly adorns the Salem Register, and which condenses in a small compass a great mass of original and compiled information, animated by a vigorous and liberal mind.
The visits of his Holiness in Paris not only serve to explain the constant homage paid him by the French in that seat of the arts, but, by the exhibitions, to explain the progress of the useful arts in that great nation. On the first of February, his Holiness visited the Imperial press. As he passed along the galleries, 150 presses furnished him as he passed, a sheet, upon which was given
the Lord's Prayer in some different language or dialect. We recite the names as they are mentioned. In Hebrew, Samaritan, Chaldee, ancient Syriac, Rabbinical, ancient and vulgar Arabic, Armenian, Persian, and so in the languages and letters of the Crimea, of the Malay, of Java, of Indostan, of Mogul, of China and in the Tartar dialects. In all 46 dialects of Asia. We cannot recite all the European languages and dialects, but they amounted to 75. Africa furnished twelve, and America the remainder. The reputation of the French press is well known, and the attention to every thing curious in the art of Printing enabled the French to pass before the eyes of the Holy Father, whatever had been employed to improve or enrich the most useful art of man.
The present Emperor of Russia is pursuing a policy very different from that which characterized Peter the Great, when he directed his ambition to enrich Petersburg. He has given orders at the public expence, to clear the channel of the Dwina, and to construct new canals in the neighborhood of Archangel. The Dwina empties into the White Sea. It is called Dubie, because it is formed from a union of the Suchona and Yug. It is navigable to a great distance, and furnishes Archangel, which is on its banks, six miles from the White Sea—Archangel rose from a castle built by Basilowitz II. to protect the trade, and after the English used the trade it became known to all the European nations. This foreign trade was prohibited by Peter the Great, in order to enrich Petersburg, and Archangel was confined to neighbouring provinces. Commerce is in all countries deriving advantages from that enlightened policy, which continues to give it freedom, and by it to bless mankind.
Commerce carries with it the arts. We are told that the English are exhibiting to the Eastern world all the beauties of architecture, in the Palace at Calcutta. The expences have been liberal, and the contributions of genius have been as liberally sought as they have been employed. Rome and Greece live still in the arts which their genius, refined by the love of liberty, produced.
Dr. Samuel Williams, the author of the valuable history of Vermont, has proposed to publish by subscription an original work, entitled, “Philosophical Essays on the Constitution, Duty and Religion of Man.” Much is expected from his attention to this subject.
Hartford, May 16.
The votes for governor were as follows:
For Trumbull, 12,700 Hart, 7,810
The votes of seven or eight towns were rejected—If none had been rejected, Trumbull would have had about 13,000 and Hart about 8,300. The republican votes for governor have increased upwards of a thousand since the last year, and there are five more Republican Representatives than were chosen in Sept. last. Still it must be confessed, that our progress has fallen short of the public expectation. We however, derive consolation from the circumstance that in a great number of towns the federal majorities were extremely small, and in many instances obtained by the misconduct and corruption of the preceding officers. There are in this state, beyond a doubt, upwards of ten thousand republican freemen, and we hope and trust that at the next election they will arise from their lethargy, and convince the friends of liberty that they need not “despair of the commonwealth.” It wants only exertion equal to that of our opponents to gain a complete triumph over them in a short time.
A letter from G. BARON, one of the editors of the Mathematical Correspondent, to the Rev. Thomas P. Irving, Newbern, North Carolina, announcing the publication of an English edition of a celebrated analytical work.
SIR, I have just received from London, a copy of the Analytical Institutions of the very learned Italian lady DONNA MARIA GAETANA AGNESI, late professor of the mathematics and philosophy in the University of Bologna. This work, well known and justly valued on the continent of Europe, was published at Milan, in the year 1748, when the celebrated author was about 23 years of age. The learned and ingenious John Calfon, M. A. F. R. S. &c. who was well acquainted with what had appeared, on the same subject, in the works of those ingenious men, Emerson, Maclauran and Simpson, found, after all, the Analytical Institutions of AGNESI, to be so excellent, that he was at the pains of learning the Italian language, at an advanced age, for the sole purpose of translating that work into English, for the benefit of the British youth. This great design he lived to accomplish, and had actually transcribed a fair copy for the press when death put an end to his labors. Mr. Calfon's manuscript remained many years in obscurity, and might probably
have been consigned to eternal oblivion, had it not been for the active and liberal spirit of Baron Maleres, the great encourager of Mathematical learning in England.
Vir in rem mathematicam promovendam natue.
This noble patron of science and generous rewarder of mathematical merit, resolved to bear the whole expence of the handsome English edition of the Institutes lately published; and to render the work as correct as possible, he employed the Rev. J. Hellings, a man eminent for mathematical knowledge, to superintend the printing of the same. To delineate the merits of this work, and the handsome manner in which it is executed, would far exceed my present limits; I shall therefore only inform you that the work contains 623 large quarto pages, bound in two volumes, and that in my opinion it is, without exception, one of the best and most useful treatises on the subject now extant. The first volume treats of Algebra, and contains a vast number of ingenious geometrical constructions, designed to exhibit and illustrate the nature and resolution of Algebraic equations; the second includes the doctrine of fluxions, applied to a great variety of useful and sublime subjects. Convinced that this excellent work might be of great benefit to yourself and to the public, I have been induced to write through the medium of the public papers.
I am, Sir, yours, &c.
G. BARON.
New-York, May 14th, 1804. N. B. The editors of papers, who are friendly disposed to the promotion of science, will confer a public benefit by noticing the work above-mentioned.
Paris, March 27.
The Emperor has issued a decree, appointing the 23 d of May for his coronation at Milan. The different public bodies, in addressing Napoleon I. now style him “Emperor and King.”
On Sunday last, Prince Napoleon Louis was baptized. After which a splendid dinner was given to the royal family, nobility, &c. &c.
Frejus, the place where the Emperor landed on his return from Egypt, is to be transformed into a very handsome port.
MILAN.—Immensé preparations are making at Verona, for the reception of the two great monarchs, who, according to public report, will arrange their journeys so as to meet in that city.
Extract of a private letter from Paris, dated, March 3.
“Plots and arrests are once more the subject of conversation: The M c Polignacs have been transferred from their prison to the Temple, and several other persons have been arrested. Some say that new branches of the late conspiracy have been discovered. Others pretend that it is the funeral sermon of the Duke of Enghien, printed at London, and privately circulated in France, that has caused these arrests. The police have hitherto fought in vain to seize all the copies, and to discover the persons who have circulated the article.”
Constantinople, Feb. 9.
On the 15 th of December last, the Bays obtained a decisive victory near Minie, two days journey from Cairo, over the Arnauts, or the Albanese, commanded by Mahomed Aiy. Ibrahim Bey engaged their attention in front by a vigorous attack, whilst Berdilt Bey attacked their flank, and Elfy Bey in the rear. The Albanese have lost 6000 men in this affair, some by the sword, and some in the river. The safety of the roads and the navigation of the Nile suffer much by this circumstance; nothing can arrive at Cairo or at Alexandria, and the scarcity is extreme.
DANCING SCHOOL.
Mr. DUPOIT Professor of Dancing FROM BALTIMORE, Respectfully informs the Ladies and Gentlemen of George Town and Washington, that his School will commence on Tuesday the 27 th inst. at Mr. J. Barney's tavern, where the particulars may be known. New Cotillions and Country Dances with accompaniments for the Piano Forte, composed by Mr. Dupoit may be had of him at the above place. May 23—3t.
Notice to Subscribers.
SUBSCRIBERS to the National Intelligencer in arrears are requested to make immediate payment. It may be proper to remind subscribers, that the indispensable term of the Paper is the annual payment of Five Dollars in advance; and that unless the term be complied with, their papers will be discontinued.
A new Fount of Type having been engaged for the National Intelligencer, the type on which this paper is now printed is offered for sale.
THIS DAY IS PUBLISHED,
BY SAMUEL H. SMITH.
—PRICE TWO DOLLARS—
THE
TRIAL OF SAMUEL CHASE,
An associate justice of the supreme court of the United States, impeached by the House of Representatives, for high crimes and misdemeanors, before the Senate of the United States, taken in short hand by
SAMUEL H. SMITH, AND THOMAS LLOYD.
The second volume will probably contain between three and four hundred pages.
The first volume will be sold only to those who subscribe for the whole work.
VOLUME I.
This volume contains,—
1. Measures preliminary to the trial, including the proceedings of the House of Representatives and Senate antecedent to the trial. 2. The answer of Mr. Chase and the replication of the Managers. 3. The speech of Mr. Randolph on opening the impeachment. 4. The evidence on the part of the prosecution. 5. The speech of Mr. Harper on opening the defence. 6. The evidence on the part of Mr. Chase. 7. The speech of Mr. Early. 8. The speech of Mr. Campbell.
The advertisement prefixed to this edition will enable the public to form some opinion of its accuracy.
“The following report of the trial of Samuel Chase has been drawn up with the greatest care. To guard against misconception or omission, two individuals, one of whom is a professional stenographer, were constantly engaged during the whole course of the trial; and the arguments of the managers and counsel have in most instances, and wherever it was attainable, been revised by them. It is with some satisfaction that the editor of this impression is enabled, under these circumstances, to submit to the public a track whose fidelity and comprehensiveness, he hopes, will amply reward the interest so deeply excited by the progress and issue of this important trial.”
“The second volume is in the press, and will be published in a short time.”
COPY-RIGHT.
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA, to wit:
BE IT REMEMBERED, that [SEAL.] on this twenty third day of April, in the year of our Lord eighteen hundred and five. Samuel H. Smith of the said district, hath deposited in the clerk's office of the district court of the United States for the district of Columbia, the title of a book in the words whereof he claims as author, in the words following, to wit: “The trial of Samuel Chase, an associate justice of the supreme court of the United States, impeached by the House of Representatives for high crimes and misdemeanors, before the Senate of the United States, taken in short hand by Samuel H. Smith and Thomas Lloyd,” in conformity to the act of Congress for the encouragement of learning by securing the copies of maps, charts and books to the authors and proprietors of such copies during the time therein mentioned.
G. DENEALE, Clk. Dist. Col.
100 DOLLARS REWARD.
RANAWAY, two months ago about the middle of November, a Negro Man, named TOM D. SMITH, five feet ten inches high, black complexion, has lost some of his jaw teeth, very knock-kneed, about 45 years of age. It is supposed that he has made to the northward, and has a free pass. He took with him a grey mare, and is very fond of driving a cart—apply to
RALPH LANE, Centreville, Fairfax county, Virginia.
NOTICE.
CHRISTOPHER HILBOURN, who formerly resided in Loudoun county, state of Virginia who is said to have removed into some other part of that state, is hereby informed, that by the death of his aunt Elizabeth Lünebacker of Northampton in the county of Bucks and commonwealth of Pennsylvania, he is entitled to a considerable estate in lands and cash which will be delivered to him on application to Gerardus Wynkoop or Leffert Leffert's, executors of the last will and testament of Elizabeth Lünebacker, deceased. May 1—w3t
Valuable Land for Sale.
The executors of the last will and testament of Anthony Holmead deceased, will sell at private sale about forty acres of Land adjoining the city of Washington at the northern extremity of 20 th street west. This land is generally allowed to be one of the handsomest situations near the city, having a beautiful prospect of nearly the whole of the city of Washington, Alexandria and George Town, and any person inclined to purchase this valuable property, will be shown the same, and know the terms by application to the subscriber near the premises JOHN HOLMEAD.

PUBLIC SALE.
Will be offered for public sale on Tuesday the 4th of June next on the premises at 11 o'clock A. M. a small FRAME DWELLING HOUSE & KITCHEN situate on the street that leads from the Barracks to the Navy Yard and on the Northeast corner of lot no. 905. The terms of sale will be one third of the purchase money down, one third in three months and the other third in six months from the day of sale; if the money is not paid up in the time mentioned, the purchaser must pay interest on all the money unpaid from the day of sale until all is paid, when a nondisputable title will be given - a further description is thought unnecessary as it is presumed that any person desirous of purchasing will view the property previous to the day of sale.
BARNABY PARSONS. Washington, May 20-6t
Washington, May 10. I would wish to lease my property in the vicinity of the Navy Yard in this city for three years. A. B. WOODWARD. 31-2w2
Twenty Dollars Reward.
RANAWAY from the subscriber on the second day of January last, a likely negro man named AMP , but frequently goes by name of ARMED . He is about 5 feet 7 or 8 inches high, upwards of 25 years of age, rather of a yellowish complexion, has a tolerable large nose, and speaks very quick when interrogated. He has been hired to Mr. John Woodfolk for three years past, for the purpose of taking care of the horse horses at Mr. Todd's Tavern. I do expect he will endeavor to pass as a free man, and is lurking about some town. Whoever will deliver the said negro to me, or confine him in any jail so that I get him again shall receive the above reward.
LEWIS COLLINS. Caroline county, May 6-3w N B Matters of vessels and others are for warned from harboring said runaway at their peril L. C.
Traveller's Hall.
The subscriber tenders his sincere thanks to his friends for the very liberal encouragement which they have bestowed on him. He will finish one of his new rooms in a few weeks, which will be large enough to dine near 200 persons at a time, and will shortly after have the remainder of his additional building completed, which will give him a front of near 100 feet, in the most agreeable parts of the town, and in the centre of business being on the highest part of the public square. He has on hand, and has contracted for a constant supply of the best wines, and foreign spirituous liquors imported, and country provisions, stable forage, foreign & state newspapers - and has secured a quantity of liquors sufficient for the use of his table and bar during the season. He assures his friends, and that respectable part of the public who have patronized him that there shall be nothing wanting which his time or purse will command, to render the TRAVELLER'S HALL a house of entertainment for general guests only, equal to any in America.
R. BRADLEY. Lexington, Kentucky, March 18 1805. N B. AAGERUNT from the TRAVELLER'S HALL to the Olympian Springs in the summer, and to Frankfort during the session of the Legislature. March 27-ep3m
SPRING GOODS.
JOHN COX, [GEORGE TOWN.] Has received a part of his Spring assortment of Dry Goods, which were selected from the late arrivals at New York - he has also received from Baltimore a quantity of GERMAN LINENS , consisting of Tichenburgs, Osnaburgs, Hempen, Hessians, Brown Rotes, &c. all of which will be sold low by piece or retail. May 3-ep3m
Ten Dollars Reward.
Was missed on Sunday, the 5th of May, a double cased silver Watch, maker's name, Crothwaite, Dublin , and in the outer case was a watch paper with Mr. Parker's name of Philadelphia - Whoever will bring the said watch to the office of the National Intelligencer , shall receive the above reward, and no questions will be asked. May 1-4t
THE CELEBRATED WARM SPRINGS IN VIRGINIA.
The subscribers have taken a lease of ten years, of the highly celebrated Medicinal Springs in the county of Bath called the WARM SPRINGS , so justly famed for their great cures and general relief in many complaints. They are now preparing every necessary comfort and accommodation to suit the amusement of those who have health, (and to promote the recovery of those who want it) and it is deemed necessary to make these things widely known, because complaints have heretofore been made against the entertainment which has been offered. Preparations are made for at least one hundred constant boarders, besides transient guests, for the accommodation of which, the subscribers will make all possible exertions; and they flatter themselves, that those who may place confidence in this advertisement, will not find the smallest cause for regret or complaint. ROBERT & GEORGE TURNER. May 1-ep6w
STELLE'S HOTEL & CITY TAVERN.
The Subscriber takes this method of thanking his friends and the public for their favors whilst on the Capitol Square and begs leave to acquaint them that having purchased and now occupying the tavern, late Tuncliff's hotel , which he has commenced enlarging and improving - he respectfully solicits a continuance of the patronage of his friends and the public, assuring them that 'tis his full determination to fit up his present hotel, and so to conduct it, as to merit, he hopes, the preference of the public travelling, as well as those coming to the permanent seat of the Government of our Land of Liberty.
PONTIUS D. STELLE. Washington City, March 25-tf
25 Dollars Reward.
STRAYED or stolen from near the Treasury office, on the 3d inst. a dark BAY HORSE , in good order, about 14 1/2 hands high, 10 years old, has a small star and snip, black mane and tail, several white hair spots under the saddle, but particularly on the near fore shoulder, there is an old brand mark of the letter M . The subscriber will pay reasonable charges and 15 dollars for the horse, delivered at Mr. Rhodes's tavern in this city, two dollars for the information by letter, &c. where he can be had (if stolen) 20 more on conviction of the thief. ROBT. UNDERWOOD. City Washington, May 15-tf
Militia Courts of Enquiry.
The court of Enquiry for the 1st Battalion will sit at Rhodes's tavern in the city of Washington on the 21st day of May inst. at 10 o'clock in the morning to lay the fines incurred by the non-commissioned officers and privates of said battalion. And the Legionary Court will sit at the Union tavern in George Town on Saturday the 1st June 1805, at ten o'clock in the forenoon to appoint a Collector, Provost Martial and Clerk, and to perform other duties which may occur. All persons concerned will attend. The officers commanding companies will please be punctual in making the returns due to their majors. WM. D. BEALL, Ck. 1st. L. M. D. G. May 15-8t
MRS. SMITH and MRS. WILY respectfully acquaint their friends and the public, that they have removed their boarding school from the house they occupied in Water Street, to a large brick house fitted up for a school, in the Main Street near Mr. Francis Lowndes, with a good garden, yard, and excellent spring of water. They solicit the patronage of the inhabitants of George town and its vicinity, which they have liberally experienced, and gratefully acknowledge. They teach reading, writing, English grammar and geography. The best masters attend to instruct the young ladies in music, dancing, arithmetic, French and drawing. Mrs. Smith and Mrs. Wily continue to teach plain work, marking, embroidery in lambs wool, silk and chenille, with a variety of other kinds of needle work, in the afternoon. April 26-6w.
To be Sold
For cash, at Public Vendue, to the highest bidder, at Rhodes's tavern in the city of Washington, on Monday the third day of June next.
All the right and estate of JOHN GARDENER
late of the city of Washington, or of the subscriber, in virtue of a deed of trust to him from the said Gardner, bearing date the 23th Dec. 1804, of, in and to, a certain tract or parcel of land situate and lying in the State of Ohio, on the Muskingum river, and adjoining to the flourishing town or settlement of Zanesville; described in the said deed of trust in the words following, "being part of the third quarter of the first township in the seventh range of the tract appropriated for satisfying warrants for military services, granted by patent signed by the President and sealed with the seal of the United States on the twenty ninth day of March 1800, unto Robert Underwood, beginning at a stake on the fourth line of said quarter township eighty chains west from the fourth east corner thereof, and running thence north eighty four chains, thence west to the low water line of the Muskingum river, and then down and with the low water line of said river to the lands granted by the United States to Ebenezer Zane, and then leaving the Muskingum river and running south with the western line of the said Zane's land to the southern boundary of the said third quarter of the first township, and with the said southern boundary line east to the place of beginning, (excepting thereout a road of one rod and a half wide adjoining to Zane's line and extending from the southern boundary northward to the river; another road three rods wide parallel to the former and extending from said boundary to the river at the distance of ten chains eastwardly from the first described road, and also three lots numbered two, three, and four, of five acres each lying between said roads, and one lot numbered eleven containing ten acres lying on the east side of the road last described, which roads and lots the said Robert Underwood hath heretofore sold or reserved) containing exclusive of said roads and lots, six hundred and nine acres and twenty perches more or less; being part of the premises which under and by virtue of a certain indenture bearing date the 23th of October 1803 was conveyed and assured by the said Robert Underwood unto and to the use of the said John Gardner his heirs and assigns." This advertisement and the sale of the land is in conformity to the trusts mentioned in the deed to me; and I will give every information in my power relative to the same, before, and on the day of sale. NICHOLAS KING. May 17-8t
CHARLES H. VARDEN, MERCHANT TAYLOR.
Has received from Philadelphia a handsome assortment of FALL goods, consisting of the best London and French superfine cloths, cassimeres, patent Bennet's cord, toilettes, fancy and white Marseilles, black and figured silk, moleskins, fancy silk, Marseilles, constitution cords, velvets, Genoa cord, silk and satin Florentines, superfine coarsing, knapped cloths, with a variety of other articles suitable for the winter season. N. B. Ladies habits, regimentals, and navy uniforms made in the first style of fashion. New Jersey avenue near the Capitol, December 10-tf
ADAM KING, & Co.
At their wine store in High street George Town, have in addition to their stock of old wines, laid in a large and general assortment of all kinds of Liquors and Groceries suitable to the present season; where bills of any description, in their line, will constantly be filled up on the shortest notice and they flatter themselves, from the quality of their wines, &c. they will be able to give general satisfaction to all those who may think proper to favor them with a call - where all kind of commission business as usual, will be attended to with the utmost attention. George Town, November 5-tf
RAGS.
THE highest price CASH, given for clean RAGS, by EDGAR PATTERSON, George town, and SAMUEL STETTENUS, near the Centre market, Washington March 8-tf.
The subscribers have opened a GROCERY STORE in the house near the Capitol, lately occupied by Mr. JAMES D. BARREY - where they have for sale, low, for cash or in exchange for country produce. Genuine Cogniac brandy, Inferior French do. Old Jamaica spirits, Madeira, Sherry, Lisbon, Claret, Brown Sugar, 1st and 2d quality, Loaf and Lump, do. Molasses, Firkin Butter, Mould Candles, Sweet Oil, Spices of different kinds, Fig Blue, Starch, Almonds; Anchovies, Capers, Powder and Shot, Excellent Wine Vinegar, Gin, Whiskey, Hylon, Imperial, Young Hylon, Salt Herrings in Barrels. Wines, by the quarter cask and case, or smaller quantity. PETER HEALY, & Co. Washington October 31-tf
STRANGER IN FRANCE.
Just opened, and for sale by Rapine, Conrad, & Co. THE STRANGER IN FRANCE; OR A TOUR FROM DEVONSHIRE TO PARIS; By JOHN CARR, Esq. Price 150 Cents. 29-tw2w.
SURVEYING.
The Subscriber who was regularly bred to LAND SURVEYING, respectfully informs the public, that he now undertakes business in that Department, which he executes with accuracy and expedition, and warrants his surveys to be correct. His mode of practice, which comprises essential improvements, he has no doubt, will be found to meet the approbation of the judicious, and presumes, that on trial, it cannot fail to obtain the patronage of those gentlemen who are interested in the sale or purchase of land. Commands addressed to him at the Treasury of the United States, or Rhodes's hotel, city of Washington, will receive attention. RICHARD FREEMAN, April 23-ep4w
The subscriber has for sale,
A few Pipes and half Pipes genuine London Particular Madeira wine. Claret in boxes, Hylon, Sourhough, & Teas by the chest, Hylon Chulan. Cogniac Brandy by the pipe or quarter cask, 1st proof French do. of good flavor, do. do. A few hds Molasses, 9 hds old Jamaica Rum of excellent quality, 1 butt dry Lisbon Wine and a few demijohns. WM. BRENT. May 10-3w.
NOTICE is hereby given
that an Election will be held on the First Monday in June next for the choice of Eighteen members to represent the City of Washington, in council. The elections will be held at the following places, viz. In the First Ward, at William Rhodes's. In the Second Ward, at Lewis Morin's. & In the Third, at Pontius D. Stelle's hotel. The polls to be kept open from 8 o'clock in the morning until 7 o'clock in the evening of the same day. ROBERT BRENT, Mayor of Washington. May 13-
PROPOSALS
For carrying the Mails of the United States, on the following post-roads, will be received at the General post-office, in Washington until the 10th day of July next, inclusive.
(Continued.)
94. From Schenectady by Galloway, Charlton, Milton, Hadley, Greenfield, Saratoga Springs, Balltown Springs & Bishoftown to Schenectady once a week. Leave Schenectady every Wednesday at 6 a m & return to Schenectady the next Friday by 6 p m.
95. From Triphill to Johnson twice a week. Leave Triphill every Tuesday & Friday at 3 p m & arrive at Johnson by 4 p m. Leave Johnson every Tuesday & Friday at 5 p m & arrive at Triphill by 6 p m.
96. From Utica, by Whitesboro, to Rome twice a week. Leave Utica, every Sunday & Thursday at 6 a m & arrive at Rome by 11 a m. Leave Rome at 1 p m & arrive at Utica by 6 p m.
97. From Utica by New Hartford, Paris, Hamilton, Sherburne & Warwick, to Oxford once a week. Leave Utica every Sunday at 6 a m & arrive at Oxford on Monday by noon. Leave Oxford every Friday at 10 a m & arrive at Utica on Saturday by 4 p m.
98. From Canandaigua by Bloomfield, Hartford, Southampton, Geneseo, c. h. & New Amsterdam, to Niagara once a week. Leave Canandaigua every Saturday at 10 p m & arrive at Niagara the next Wednesday by 10 a m. Leave Niagara every Wednesday at 2 p m and arrive at Canandaigua the next Saturday by 4 p m.
99. From Unadilla, by Hardwick, Milford & Otego, to Cooperstown once in two weeks. Leave Unadilla every other Tuesday at 6 a m & arrive at Cooperstown by 6 p m. Leave Cooperstown every other Monday at 6 a m & arrive at Unadilla by 6 p m.
IN NEW JERSEY. 100. From Newark by Chatham, Morristown, Boonton, Rockaway and Sparta, to Newtown, thence by Hackettstown, Back river, Mendon, Morristown & Chatham, to Newark, once a week. Leave Newark every Thursday at 6 a m & arrive at Newtown on Friday by 7 p m. Leave Newtown every Saturday at 6 a m & arrive at Morristown on Monday by 8 a m.
101. From Newark by Springfield, Scotchplains, Plainfield, New Market, Boundbrook, Somerset, c. h. Ringeoos, to Coryells ferry once a week. Leave Coryells ferry every Thursday at 6 a m & arrive at Newark on Friday by 6 p m. Leave Newark every Saturday at 6 a m and arrive at Coryells ferry on Sunday by 6 p m.
102. From Easton, Pa. by Belvidere, Hope, Johnsborg, Newtown, Hamburg, Warwick, Florida, Goshen, Little Britain & New Windsor, to Newburg burg once a week. Leave Newburg every Monday at 1 p m & arrive at Goshen by 7 p m. Leave Goshen every Tuesday at 6 a m & arrive at Newtown by 7 p m. Leave Newtown on Wednesday at 5 a m & arrive at Easton by 7 p m. Returning, Leave Easton every Thursday at 5 a m & arrive at Newtown by 5 p m. Leave Newtown every Friday at 5 a m & arrive at Goshen by 7 p m. Leave Goshen every Monday at 5 a m & arrive at Newburg by 11 a m.
103. From Rahway, by Scotchplains, to New Providence once a week. Leave Rahway every Monday at 6 a m and arrive at New Providence by 11 a m. Leave New Providence at 1 p m & arrive at Rahway by 7 p m.
104. From Morristown, by Baskridge to Somerset once a week. Leave Somerset every Thursday at 6 a m & arrive at Morristown by 11 a m. Leave Morristown at 1 p m & arrive at Somerset by 6 p m.
105. From Trenton by Allentown, Cranbury, Monmouth, Shrewsbury, Middletown Point, Spotswood, New Brunswick, Somerset, c. h. Pluckemin, Raritan, New Germantown, Washington, New Hampton, Pittston, Flemington & Pennington to Trenton once a week. And from Trenton by Pennington, Flemington, Alexandria, Plumhead, Pa. thence by Alexandria, Pittston, New Hampton, and the reverse of the above route to Trenton once a week. Leave Trenton, to pass by Allentown every Tuesday at 8 a m & arrive at New Brunswick on Wednesday by 6 p m & arrive at Trenton the next Tuesday by 6 a m. Leave Trenton to pass by Flemington every Tuesday at 8 a m & arrive at Plumhead on Wednesday by 1 p m & arrive at New Brunswick on Friday by 6 p m & arrive at Trenton the next Tuesday by 6 a m.
106. From Trenton by Bordentown, Slatbown, Mount Holly, New Mills, Moretown, Haddonfield & Cooperstown to Philadelphia once a week. Leave Trenton every Tuesday at 9 a m & arrive at Philadelphia on Wednesday by 10 a m. Leave Philadelphia every Wednesday at 8 p m & arrive at Trenton on Thursday by 6 p m.
107. From Philadelphia by Haddonfield, Taunton & Ashton to Tuckerton once a week. Leave Tuckerton every Monday at 10 a m & arrive at Philadelphia on Wednesday by 8 a m. Leave Philadelphia every Wednesday at 4 p m & arrive at Tuckerton on Thursday by 6 p m.
108. From Philadelphia by Gloucester, Woodbury, Mullico, Poletown, Deerfield, Bridgetown, Melville, Port Elizabeth & Cape May c. h to Cape Island. Leave Philadelphia every Tuesday & Friday at 4 p m & arrive at Bridgetown on Wednesday & Saturday by 7 p m. Leave Bridgetown every Thursday at 5 a m & arrive at Cape Island by 8 p m. Returning. Leave Cape Island every Wednesday at 5 a m & arrive at Bridgetown by 8 p m. Leave Bridgetown every Monday and Thursday at 4 a m & arrive at Philadelphia on Tuesday & Friday by 8 a m.
109. From Philadelphia by Gloucester, Swedesboro' & Woodbury to Salem once a week. Leave Salem every Tuesday at 6 a m & arrive at Philadelphia on Wednesday by 7 a m. Leave Philadelphia every Wednesday at 6 p m & arrive at Salem on Thursday by 7 p m. (To be continued.)
An extensive Field for Speculation, is offered in the Sale of the POWHATAN ESTATE,
Which lies contiguous to the lower limits of Richmond, contains 3000 acres of land, borders near a mile on James river, and runs 5 miles back.
The principal part is fine grain land, covered with valuable timber, convenient to a few well erected thereon, which has cut 1700 feet per day, and connected with a grist and manufacturing mill, on a constant stream with two pair of stones.
There is a small farm, with a commodious brick mansion, ice house, the usual offices, and two fisheries.
It has many elegant sites for building, furnished with good water, commanding views of the city, falls and shipping, which lie opposite to them.
There is a beautiful level already laid out into lots, at right angles, on the river.
The peculiar advantages of this property are multiplied by a late act for the establishment of an inspection of Tobacco on it, and the act for uniting the upper and lower navigation by locks, which as the proper point of junction render it valuable for store houses.
Few persons are unacquainted with the political importance of Richmond, as the capital of the most influential state of the union, nor its commercial advantages from the immense quantities of coal, flour and tobacco, which pass through its market - and will it be necessary to add that these advantages will be shortly increased by the western produce brought through the Kanawha to this navigation and deposit, to be thence shipped directly abroad when the contemplated improvement of the lower navigation shall be complete.
It is submitted to monied men to consider whether a purchase by shares either to sell out or improve parts of this growing estate, would not in a few years afford a certain and handsome remuneration for their attention; being free from those contingencies to which many institutions are liable.
In such an establishment the proprietor would willingly participate. A liberal credit will be allowed the purchasers on payment of interest and further particulars made known by applying to Mr. Robert Atkinson near Petersburg, Mr. Alexander Fulton, Baltimore, Messrs. Proffer and Moncure, Richmond, or the subscriber on the premises. W. MAYO. Powhatan, near Richmond, Virg. May 1-w6t
The three following Stallions will cover at the Bowling Green the present season.
DAREDEVIL,
Sire of Shadoni, Brutus, Desdemona, Magnet, Mr. Harrison's colt (now Mr. Goodrich's) and many other good racers; at
SIX GUINEAS EACH MARE, and one dollar to the groom to be discharged any time before the first of August next, by the payment of 5 guineas, or 20 dollars if sent with the mare. Good pasturage gratis. Servants boarded at 10s. 6d. per week; gentlemen wishing their mares fed will please send money with them to purchase grain or it cannot be had. Note for six guineas will be expected with the mares that do not remain with the horse, those left must be paid for before they are removed. Great attention will be paid them, but no responsibility for accidents or escapes.
VOLUNTEER,
AT TEN DOLLARS EACH MARE, And half a dollar to the groom. He is a fine bay horse, of good size very stout and strong, with a great deal of bone, very fine action, and uncommon speed, and very likely to get good horses either for the turf, carriage or saddle.
Volunteer has been considered among the best running horses, and has won several races, among them a jockey club purse at Fredericksburg, and another at Richmond, and is as high bred a horse as any in the state; he was got by Bedford, his dam Favorite, a very fine English mare got by O'Kelly's famous stallion Volunteer, (one of the best sons of Eclipse) her dam by Mr. Fenwick's celebrated stallion, Matchem, &c. &c.
FORTUNIO,
(THE TEAZER,) At FIVE DOLLARS each mare, he was got by Cormorant his dam a thoroughbred mare by old Jahus. The season will end the first day of August next.
JOHN HOOMES. Bowling Green, April 15-w10t
A new Fount of Type having been engaged for the National Intelligencer, the type on which this paper is now printed is offered for sale.