The national intelligencer and Washington advertiser. (Washington City [D.C.]), 1805-07-24 00:00:00

NATIONAL INTELLIGENCER, AND WASHINGTON ADVERTISER.
VOL. V. WASHINGTON CITY, PRINTED BY SAMUEL HARRISON SMITH, PENNSYLVANIA AVENUE. NO. DCCXLVII FIVE DOLLARS PER ANNUM. WEDNESDAY, JULY 24, 1805. PAID IN ADVANCE.
IMPEACHMENT OF JUDGE CHASE.
SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 23
MR. MARTIN, continued.
But an honorable manager (Mr. Rodney) who has this morning referred to some authorities, as to other parts of the case, has also contended the correctness of the foregoing principle, and has introduced the constitution of the state of Pennsylvania, by which he hath told us, a judge may by the governor be removed from office, without the commission of any offence, upon the vote of two thirds of the two Houses for his removal; notwithstanding that constitution hath a similar provision for removal by impeachment as hath the constitution of the United States. To this answer as we have no such provision in the constitution of the United States, the reverse is to be inferred, to wit, that the people of the United States, from whom the constitution emanated, did not intend their judges should be removed, however obnoxious they might be to any part, or to the whole, of the legislature, unless they were guilty of some high crime or misdemeanor, and then only by impeachment. It is also well known, that the governor of Pennsylvania, hath not considered those words in the constitution of that state "that he may remove the judges on such address," as being imperative. For in a recent instance, where he did receive such address, instead of admitting the construction to be, as was contended, "you must," he determined it to be "I will not," and I have had the pleasure of seeing that judge, sometime since that transaction, on the bench with his brethren dispensing justice. I again repeat that as the framers of the constitution of the United States, did not insert in their constitution such clause as is inserted in the constitution of Pennsylvania, it is the strongest proof, that they did not mean a judge or other officer should be displaced by an address of any portion of the legislature, but only according to the constitutional provisions.
The same gentleman (Mr. Rodney) has told us, that the tenure by which a judge holds his office, is good behaviour, therefore that he is removable for misbehaviour and further, that misbehavior and misdemeanor are synonymous and co-extensive. Here I perfectly agree with the honorable gentleman, and join issue with him. Misbehaviour and misdemeanor are words equally extensive and correlative; to misbehave or to misde-mean is precisely the same; and as I have shown that to misde-mean, or in other words to be guilty of a misdemeanor, is a violation of some law punishable, so of course misbehaviour must be the violation of a similar law.
The same honorable gentleman has mentioned the impeachment and conviction of Judge Addison, and hath told us that he was not impeached for the breach of any law, but only for rude or unpolitic conduct to his brother judge; that this objection was made with much energy on his defence, but that the Senate were convinced by the great talents and eloquence of Mr. Dallas, and some other gentleman, that the objection was groundless; they therefore convicted and removed him. I have not here the proceedings against Judge Addison, and therefore it is possible the Senate of Pennsylvania erected themselves into a court of honor to punish what they might consider breaches of politeness; but doth this honorable court sit here to take its precedents from the state of Pennsylvania or any other state, however respectable? I should rather hope that this honorable court should furnish precedents, which might be respected and adopted by the different states. I would also ask, when was that precedent established? Was it not at a time when there is too much reason to believe that the warmth and violence of party had more influence in it than justice; and, that the Senate of Pennsylvania overleaped the constitutional limits?—but if we are to go to Pennsylvania for a precedent, why should we not be guided by that, which the same state has so recently given us in a trial in which that gentleman bore so conspicuous a part? a precedent of acquittal; a precedent which we are perfectly willing should be adopted, and which we trust will be adopted on the present occasion.
My observations thus far have been
principally with a view to establish the true construction of our constitution, as relates to the doctrine of impeachment. I, now, Mr. President, will proceed to the particular case before this honorable court, and in the first place I agree with the honorable managers, that there is a manifest difference even between the credibility of witnesses, and the credibility of testimony, for I admit, if witnesses are equally credible, and some swear that words were uttered, or acts were done, and others that they did not hear the words, or that they did not see the acts done, the presumption is certainly in favor of the positive, and against the negative testimony. But this must be admitted with considerable restrictions.
If, immediately after a transaction, there is a full and clear memory of the words spoken, or the acts done, there is great reason to credit the testimony; but even in that case, if there are a number of persons equally respectable, having equal opportunity to hear and see, and who were attentive to what took place, and none of them heard or saw, what is testified by a single witness, there would be great reason to suspect the affirmative witness to be mistaken; more so if the transactions had happened for some years antecedent to the examination.
But as to Heath, we do not contradict him merely by negative testimony; we contradict him by a series of positive facts which my honorable colleague (Mr. Key) has detailed, proved by characters, whose veracity cannot be doubted, which positive facts incontrovertibly shew that what he swore never could have taken place. And, here again, permit me, fir, to make a further observation, that, where a person is charged criminally for words he is supposed to have uttered, those words ought to be proved with precision. Every witness on this occasion, who hath been examined as to expressions used by my honorable client, either on the one or other charge which are held as exceptional, declares he cannot pretend to recollect the express words uttered by the judge, but only to state what at this distance of time, he can consider the amount of what was said. Nay, Messrs. Lewis and Dallas declare further, that they cannot pretend to say with accuracy, what part of the conversation, of which they give testimony, took place on the first or the second day, or in what order. Such kind of testimony, therefore, ought to be received with great caution, and not to be considered as conclusive. On this subject I will trouble this honorable court with a passage from Mr. Dallas's treatise on evidence, page 518.
"It is no evidence in a criminal case, that the defendant said so and so, or in other words to the like effect, because the court must know the very words to judge of their force and effect. 2 Hawk. ca. 46.
"And the reason of this rule is, that of words spoken, there can be no tenor, that is transcript, for there is no original to compare them with, as there is of words written: and though there have been attempts to plead a tenor of words spoken, it has never been allowed. And therefore if a plaintiff declares for words spoken, a variance, in the omission or addition of a word, is not material, and it is sufficient, if so many of the words be proved and found as are in themselves actionable. 12 Vin. abr. 68. pl. 46.
"So in Hufley vs. Cooke, Easter, 18. Jac. 1. in the Star-chamber. The court held, that if a witness depose that a defendant did persuade a juror to appear and to do him reasonable favor, or words to the like effect, this is no sufficient proof in criminals, because the court must know the very words to judge of their force and effect. Hob. 294. Fos. 200. 1 Hale, p. 6. 111. Kel. 14.
"Hale, Coke, and Foster, fully justify the principle of this rule. Foster says, as to mere words supposed to be treasonable, they differ widely from writings in point of real malignity, and proper evidence. They are always liable to great misconstruction from the ignorance or inattention of the hearers, and too often from a motive truly criminal. And therefore I choose to adhere to the rule which hath been laid down on more occasions than one since the revolution, that loose words to any act or design are not overt-acts of treason. Fos. 200.
"Keyling says, I see no difference between words reduced into writing and words spoken. Foster answers, the difference appeareth to me to be very
great, and lieth here. Seditious writings are permanent things, and if published, they scatter the poison far and wide. They are acts of deliberation capable of satisfactory proof, and not ordinarily liable to misconstruction; at least they are submitted to the judgment of the court, naked and undisguised as they come out of the author's hands. Words are transient and fleeting as the wind, the poison they scatter is at the worst confined to the narrow circle of a few hearers: they are frequently the effect of sudden transport, easily misunderstood and often misrepeated. Keyling 13. Fos. 200.
"The suppression of a word or syllable may change the sense; so the change of an emphasis. So words spoken in exclamation, conveying by sound and gesture, surprise and abhorrence, may be represented in evidence as spoken blasphemously or seditiously."
Sir Michael Foster, a judge whose worth has seldom been equalled, perhaps never surpassed, and who has so correctly observed, that a popular judge, that is, one who in his decisions seeks after popularity, was one of the most contemptible beings in the world, is referred to as an authority.
This principle equally applies, where a person is charged criminally on account of words spoken, whether the offence is supposed to be treason, or only misdemeanor; the case referred to in Hobart, page 294, is an authority in point;—it is true, this case was determined in favor of the person accused, it becomes an higher authority—Star chamber cases are only complained of on account of their oppression.
I will now, Mr. President, proceed to consider the conduct of my honorable client on the trial of Fries, and to examine the law upon that case, and of course to investigate the rights of judges, in criminal cases, as well as the rights of attorneys. I do not mean to go minutely into the testimony, which has been given in that case; but, taking it up on that given by Messrs. Lewis and Dallas, to examine whether the court is to control the counsel, or to be mere cyphers, destitute of authority to restrain and keep within bounds the lawyers when acting improperly. The whole of the practice, of which I have heard, during this trial, as being usual in the courts of Pennsylvania and Virginia, hath been to me at least as novel as the conduct of judge Chase appears to have been to the honorable managers. I, sir, have, always considered it the province of the court in the course of a trial in all cases, whether civil or criminal, to declare what is the law. This right is admitted in civil cases, but, it seems, is denied in criminal. And therefore, it is contended, that in criminal cases counsel have a right to address the jury upon the law, and to urge them to determine the law in contradiction to the decision of the court. How doth the jury acquire the power of deciding the law in any case? Because, upon the general issue, having a right to give a general verdict, which involves both law and fact, the jury incidentally have the power to decide the law. But this doth not authorise them to give a verdict contrary to law. When a case comes before a jury, the court informs them what is the law if they believe the facts given in evidence; if they do believe the facts they are bound in duty to decide according to the law thus explained to them by the court. The decision ought to be the same as if the facts had been found by the jury in a special verdict, and the law left to the court. The jury, I admit, have the power to decide the law contrary to the direction of the court, but I deny that they have a right to do it. No person will deny that it is much more proper for the court to decide the law than that it should depend upon jurors, who are in general ignorant of the law. In civil cases a jury sometimes give a verdict contrary to the direction of the court, but the court correct this abuse of power by interposing and granting a new trial, thereby correcting the evils which would result from such abuse.
Let us then examine this question as to criminal cases. Is it not as important to society, that there should be uniform and fixed principles for the decision in criminal as in civil cases? Would it not be highly improper that one man should be convicted for a crime, and another who had committed the same, be acquitted, merely from the passions, prejudices or ignorance of jurors, influenced thereby to decide the law, differently in the different cases, though perfectly similar in criminality? No person can doubt on this subject.
Where then is the difference between civil and criminal cases? It is not that the jury have a greater right to decide the law in the last than in the first; but, that having the power to give a general verdict, which incidentally involves the law, they may give a verdict contrary to law, and contrary to the direction of the court; and the courts of justice, not having in criminal cases, through tenderness, enforced the remedy of a new trial, the abuse of power, thus practised in some cases by juries, have been un-
corrected. No person can doubt, but that juries in criminal as well as in civil cases ought to give their verdict according to law, and, whenever they do not, they are answerable to their consciences and to their God, however they may be exempt from human punishment.
The right of the court to decide the law is the same in criminal as in civil cases. If there is a demurrer to an indictment, the court decides without the intervention of a jury. If there is a demurrer to evidence, the court decides the law—so if a special verdict is found, which may be found in a criminal, as well as in a civil suit.
The power of the jury, as I have before said, to decide against law, doth not give them the right, any more than the power of a person to knock down a man weaker than himself gives him the right to do so. And if juries in any case, knowingly give a verdict contrary to the law, instead of acting impartially, which is the duty of a jury, they act with criminal partiality.
So great is the difference of sentiment between the honorable managers, and some of the witnesses, who have been examined on this trial, and myself, upon the right of juries to decide the law in criminal cases, that in confirmation of my own sentiments, and to convince this honorable court I do not wish to impose upon them, I hope I shall be indulged in reading to them a very respectable authority upon this subject. It will be found in Co. Lit. 155, as follows:
"The most usual trial of matters of fact, is by twelve such men; for, ad questionem facti non respondent judices ; and matters in law the judges ought to decide and discuss; for, ad questionem juris non respondent juratores . Upon this is the following note:
"This decantatum , as lord chief justice Vaughan calls it on account of its frequency in the books, about the respective provinces of judge and jury, hath, since lord Coke's time, become the subject of very heated controversy especially on prosecutions for state libels; some aiming to render juries wholly dependent on the judge for matters of law, and others contending for nearly a complete and unqualified independence."
"In respect to my own ideas on this subject, says Mr. Hargrave, they are at present to this effect."
"On the one hand, as the jury may as often as they think fit, find a general verdict, I therefore think it unquestionable, that they so far may decide upon the law as well as fact, such a verdict necessarily involving both. In this I have the authority of Littleton himself, who writes, that if the inquest will take upon them the knowledge of the law upon the matter, they may give their verdict generally:"
"But on the other hand I think it seems clear, that questions of law generally and more properly belong to the judges; and that, exclusively of the fitness of having the law expounded by those who are trained to the knowledge of it by long study and practice, this appears from various considerations."
"1st. If the parties litigating, agree in their facts, the cause can never go to a jury, but is tried on a demurrer; it being a rule, and I believe without exception, that issues in law are ever determined by the judges, and only issues of fact are tried by a jury."
"2d. Even when an issue in fact is joined, and comes before a jury for trial, either party, by demurring to evidence, which includes an admission of the fact to which the evidence applies, may so far draw the cause from the cognizance of the jury, for in that case the law is reserved for the decision of the court from which the issue of the fact comes, and the jury is either discharged, or at the utmost, only ascertains the damages."
"3d. The jury is supposed to be so inadequate to finding out the law, that it is incumbent upon the judge who presides at the trial, to inform them what the law is; and, as a check to the judge in the discharge of this duty, either party may, under the statute of Westminster, the 2d C. 31. make his exception in writing to the judges direction, and inforce its being made a part of the record, so as afterwards to found error upon it."
"4th. The jury is ever at liberty to give a special verdict, the nature of which is to find the fact at large, and leave the conclusion of law to the judges of the court from which the issue comes. Formerly indeed it was doubted, whether in certain cases in which the issue was of a very limited and restrained kind, the jury was not bound to find a general verdict. But the contrary was settled in Dowman's case, 9. Cooke, 11. b. and the rule now holds both in criminal and civil cases without exception."
"5th. Whilst attaints, which still subsist in law were in use, it was hazardous in a jury to find a general verdict where the case was doubtful, and they were apprised of it by the judges, because if they mistook the law, they were in danger of an attaint."
"6th. If the jury find the facts specially, and add their conclusion as to the law, it is not binding on judges, but they have a right to control the verdict, and declare the law as they conceive it to be."
"7th. The courts have long exercised the power of granting new trials in civil cases where the jury find against that, which the judge trying the cause, or the court at large, holds to be law; or where the jury find a general verdict, and the court conceives that on account of difficulty of law there ought to have been a special one. Though too in criminal and penal cases, the judges do not claim such a discretion against persons acquitted, the reason I presume is in respect of the rule that nemo bis puniatur aut vexatur pro eodem delicto , or the hardship which would arise from allowing a person to be put twice in jeopardy for one offence, and if this be so, it only shews that on that account, an exception is made to a general rule. Upon the whole, as my mind is affected with this interesting subject the result is, that the immediate and direct right of deciding upon questions of law, is entrusted to the Judges; that in a jury it is only incidental; that in the exercise of this incident right the latter are not only placed under the superintendence of the former, but are in some degree controllable by them; and therefore, that in all points of law, arising on a trial, juries ought to shew the most respectful deference to the advice and recommendation of Judges. In favor of this conclusion, the conduct of juries bears ample testimony; for to their honor it should be remembered, that the examples of their resisting the advice of a Judge, in points of law, are rare, except where they have been provoked into such an opposition by the grossness of his own misconduct, or betrayed into an unjust suspicion of his integrity by the misrepresentations and ill practices of others. In civil cases, particularly where the title to real property is in question, juries almost universally find a special verdict as often as the Judge recommends their so doing; and, though in criminal cases special verdicts are not frequent, it is not from any aversion to them in juries, but from the nature of criminal causes, which generally depend more upon the evidence of facts than any difficulty of law. Nor is it any small merit in this arrangement, that in consequence of it, every person accused of a civil crime, is enabled by the general plea of not guilty, to have the benefit of a trial, in which the Judge and jury are a check upon each other; and that this benefit may be always enjoyed, except in such small offences as are left to the summary jurisdiction of a Justice of the peace, which exception, from the necessity of the times, is continually increasing, but which however cannot be too cautiously extended to new objects. Thus considered, the distinction between the office of Judge and jury seems to claim our utmost respect. May this wise distribution of power between the two, long continue to flourish, unspoiled either by the proud encroachments of ill designing Judges, or the wild presumption of licentious juries."
In this prayer I most cordially join, and with the learned commentator, hope that this wise distribution of power may long continue to flourish unimpaired either by the proud encroachments of ill designing Judges, or the wild presumption of licentious jurors. Such as I have here stated, I consider the principles of the English law, and to these principles I cheerfully subscribe.
But the principles adopted on this impeachment, and advocated, as I understand, by the hon. managers, appear to me to have a direct tendency to break down every barrier between the province of the court and the jury, giving every thing to the latter and nothing to the former; and so far from placing them or the counsel under the direction and control of the court, prohibit the court from restraining either the jury or the counsel, under the danger of impeachment. I differ with them. If in any case the law is known to be settled by a uniformity of decisions, a court of justice degrades itself if it permits counsel to take up their time in arguing against it. If the question is not considered as fully settled, counsel certainly ought to be heard, but it is to the court they ought to address themselves. In England the first lawyers who have ever existed, have not thought themselves degraded by arguing the law in criminal as well as in civil cases, before the court. If counsel should attempt to impose on the jury what is not law, is the court to sit tamely by, and suffer them to proceed? Such has not been the practice in the courts which I have attended. Where the law is known to be settled, or where, upon application to the court, a determination is given, the counsel must go before the jury upon the fact, and endeavor to distinguish his case, and shew that it doth not come within the law as established; for should counsel attempt to state any thing to the jury, which appears designed to controvert the law as declared, they are immediately stopped by the court, and to persist would be considered highly indecorous, nor would the court permit it to be done. In Maryland the

lawyers do not claim as a constitutional right, to mislead and deceive the judges, much less to mislead and deceive the jurors, free from any control of the court.
But it has been said that juries are most proper to decide the law in criminal cases, thereby to prevent a criminal from being borne down and oppressed by the weight of the prosecuting power. What case can arise in this country, to which this argument can apply? In England, before the revolution, while judges were dependent on the crown, it also wicked and corrupt, there might, where government was interested, be some such cases. But is our situation to be compared to that of England, at that time? If so, it was not worth while for us to have taken upon ourselves the risks of the late revolution to have changed our government.
Is there any thing to induce judges to oppress any individual even though offensive to government, while they are independent? Any danger of that kind is to be apprehended from judges who are dependent.
And hence flowed the great constitutional provision, which secures the independence of the judges, which secures them from being removed or punished while they discharge their duty.
What probability is there that a judge would do injustice to any person with a view to please any party, when he could have but very little prospect of reward, and would be sure that tho' he did his duty he could not be removed from office or exposed to injury?
I wish this hon. court to reflect on the nature of man. In a government like ours, there will always be majorities and minorities. Minorities will often be powerful, and frequently in due time become majorities: If a judge should do an act pleasing to the majority, he must know it may render him hateful to the minority, who in course of events, may get the power in their hands. If he endeavors to ingratiate himself with the minority, he exposes himself to the displeasure of the ruling majority. It is the duty of a judge to enforce the laws, while they exist, however unpopular those laws may be to any portion of the community. If he enforces such laws, he will gain the approbation of one party, but he will as certainly be disapproved by the other. Would you then wish that your judges should be exposed to be removed from office because, by the most honest conduct, they had displeased one party or the other, and leave them at the mercy of those who should from time to time, hold the power of government in their own hands? No: it is the sacred independence of the judiciary, and that alone, which can be the best security that the judges shall not act with oppression.
But let me ask further, are juries more free from undue influence than judges? Have they greater inducements to do what is right? They do not possess the elevated situation of the judges, they feel not the same responsibility; whatever may be the impropriety of their conduct, it would probably be scarcely heard of out of their own neighborhood, not long even there. They are liable to all the political prejudices of men devoted to the different parties which may exist. They are generally men totally ignorant of the law; nay, I shall prove when I come to speak of Basset's case, that though the managers contend the jury should decide the law, yet ignorance of the law is by them considered the first recommendation of, nay, a necessary requisite for a juror!
Can it then be wise to reduce a judge to the humiliating situation of having the law decided by such a body, exposed to be led into error by the ingenuity of counsel? Can it be the wish of this court to trust their property, their lives, all that is most dear to them, even as to legal questions, to the wild ideas of jurors, liable to all the frailties of human nature, in preference to the sound discretion of judges well skilled in the law, and holding a high and responsible station?
Having laid down these general principles as to the relative rights and duties of the court, the bar, and the jury, I shall proceed with my hon. client to the state of Pennsylvania.
It was known that John Fries, charged with treason, had, on a former trial, been found guilty, and that a new trial had been granted upon a suggestion, which I hope will not become a precedent—will never be a rule for decisions. When I say this, I mean not to detract from the merit of that highly respectable character who presided, and who granted the new trial. His conduct flowed, I am convinced, from his humanity; his was the error of the heart, not of the head. It was an honest, nay an amiable error. My hon. client knew, when he arrived at Philadelphia, that the trial of Fries was to take place that term. He has been acknowledged by the hon. managers, to be a gentleman of the highest legal talents. In this they have only done him justice; and have been as prodigal of their praise as his warmest friends could have wished. It would have given me great pleasure if they had been as just in expressing their sense of his integrity. He had been in the practice of the law for forty years, and also a judge for a number of years, and for about six years. I believe, presided in the criminal court of Baltimore county, where, during that time, there were more criminal trials probably than in any other court in America. I believe I speak moderately, when I say that I have attended on behalf of the state, at least five thousand criminal trials in that court. From those circumstances it is to be presumed that he was not deficient in knowledge of what related to criminal proceedings, but would he have acted the part of an
upright judge, if he had not endeavored to make himself master of the law of treason, when a case of that nature was about to come before him; particularly the law of treason, as it related to levying war against the United States, or in adhering to those who levied war against them, which is the only kind of treason that our constitution acknowledges; although I have heard I must own, of treason against the principles of the constitution, and treason against the sovereignty of the people, words well enough suited to a popular harangue, or a newspaper essay, but not for a court of justice.
[TO BE CONTINUED.]
I will sell upon a liberal credit, the following valuable property.
My plantation on St. Charles's branch, containing 800 acres, about three miles from Upper Marlbro, and not more than one from Patuxent River.
Few plantations in Prince George's County combine greater advantages, or flatter an industrious man with better prospects of profit.
The situation of the dwelling house is elevated, pleasant and remarkably healthy. The spring water, fine and abundant. The arable land, extremely favorable to the growth of Tobacco, Corn and all kinds of small grain. The meadows, sure to remunerate, are extensive, and with proper management will produce two hundred tons of Hay annually. This plantation abounds with fire wood, rails and fine timber, so distributed that little labor is required in making the necessary repairs, and much can be spared in the vicinity of a good market towards refunding the purchaser his money, in 1823 it produced 28,000 lb. of tobacco, with only 11 hands. The product would have been greater the next year, but for the succession of uncommon frosts. The dwelling, out houses, four tobacco houses and four quarters, are in good repair, and the plantation abounds with fruit trees.
The purchaser may be furnished with the negroes en. ab. 20 in number. twelve of whom are working hands and of them eleven are men. Mules, horses, about sixty head of cattle, a wagon, a cart, and every necessary for carrying on said plantation.
Strawberry Hill, containing 180 acres within two miles of Upper Marlbro, on the post road leading from thence to the City of Washington. The soil is remarkably fertile and nearly one third may be made good meadow. The buildings are sufficient for a small family, who, with care and industry, would be sure to reap, on land, so congenial to the growth of tobacco, corn, small grain and grass, the full benefit of their labor.
Its situation renders it a pleasing retreat to a gentleman of fortune, disposed to take the advantages it promises to health, and amuse himself with the cultivation of a small rich plantation, in a genteel neighborhood, at the distance of about 12 miles from the seat of the general government, to which the road is very level, and nearly equal to a turnpike.
Four hundred acres of land about 2 miles from Hancock in Washington County Maryland. About 40 acres of this land is cleared, and a small house on it; the balance heavily timbered, well watered and level, the post road from Hancock to Allegany passes through it; near the road about the centre of the land is a fine spring, well calculated to turn a saw mill, or to carry on a distillery; timber may be easily taken from this land to Hancock, and from thence floated to the city of Washington, where it always commands a handsome price.
1 Lot in the City of Washington, sq. 652. No 12 fronting 173 feet 7 inches on South North Street, and 55 feet 3 inches on half Street West.
WM. B. BEANS. Upper Marlbro, July 10—10 PM.
Pursuant to a decree of the Court Chancery, I shall sell at Public Auction in the town of Piscataway, on Tuesday the 6th day of August next,
ALL the real estate (not heretofore sold) of Thomas Clagett, Esq. late of Prince George's county deceased, containing about the quantity of eleven hundred acres, of which that handsome well improved lot in the town of Piscataway is a part.
Two hundred and twenty-five acres of good forest land part of Marlow's resurvey, being about three miles from Piscataway—eight hundred and fifty acres, part of several different tracts, commodiously adjoining each other on Piscataway creek, about a quarter of a mile from the Tobacco Warehouse, on the navigation of Potomac river—This is a valuable tract of land, and will be sold in one body, or divided into lots as may best suit those who wish to purchase.
These lands will be sold on a credit of four years payable in four equal annual installments, the purchaser or purchasers giving bond with approved security to the trustee on interest from the day of sale—on the chancellor's ratifying the sales and the whole of the purchase money being paid (and not before). The trustee by a good deed, will convey and transfer to the purchaser or purchasers and his or their heirs, the land to him, her, or them sold, free, clear, and discharged from all claims of the heirs of the aforesaid Thomas Clagett.
Prince George's county, } June 14—copyat } THOMAS DUCKETT.
CHARLES H. VARDEN, MERCHANT TAYLOR.
Has received from Philadelphia a handsome assortment of FALL goods, consisting of the best London and French superfine cloths, cassimeres, patent Bemet's cord, toletnets, fancy and white Marcellas, black and figured silk, moleskins, fancy filk, Marcellas, constitution cords, velvets, Genoa cord, silk and fustian, Florentines, superfine coating, knapped cloths, with a variety of other articles suitable for the winter season.
N. B. Ladies habits, regimentals, and navy uniforms made in the first style of fashion. New Jersey avenue near the Capitol, December 10—11
WASHINGTON CITY.
WEDNESDAY, JULY 24.
Advices from London, as late as the 30th of May, are received at Boston. They contain no important news.
On Monday the City Council unanimously elected the following gentlemen, as joint Trustees, with those appointed by the contributors, of the Permanent Institution for the Education of Youth in the city of Washington.
 Thomas Jefferson,  Nicholas King,  John Tayloe,  William Brent,  John Dempsey,  George Blagden,  James Barry. 
HEDGES.
DURING the last winter we published a very interesting communication from Mr. Maine on Thorn Hedges. On that occasion we promised, when other engagements permitted, to lay before the public some of the benefits that might be expected from the substitution of Hedges, in the room of ordinary fences; expressing the opinion that no branch of rural economy was more worthy of the serious attention of the farmer. We now proceed to comply with our promise, as well as a limited experience, and the short time at command, enable us.
It is believed to be scarcely necessary to say any thing of the success of Hedges in the United States. The experiment has been fully tried, and has every where succeeded, where the proper pains have been taken. Of a large district of our country the thorn is the indigenous growth, and it is so hardy a shrub as to flourish in almost any soil or climate; this is to much the case, that while in England and other European countries ditching is found essential to its successful cultivation, it is found here to flourish better without it.
Should, however, the thorn not prosper in some parts of the United States, there are so many other substitutes for it, as to remove all serious obstacles to the cultivation of Hedges. Among these may be enumerated the locust, the elm, the willow, the poplar and elder.
With the view of placing this subject in a popular aspect, and of thereby attracting the attention of the farming part of the community, we shall, in the first place, abstracted from all other enquiries, contract the expence attending the present mode of fencing with that which would attend Hedging. Having taken this view, we will proceed to contemplate the subject in its aspect upon national wealth, thereby hoping to awaken the enthusiasm of those expanded minds whose highest ambition & greatest delight consist in promoting the general welfare.
Let me premise that the topic is not merely local, personal or professional. Whatever regards the agricultural interest involves the good of the whole community, not merely incidentally, or in a few unimportant points, but directly and extensively. The cultivators of the soil are here the great body. They form at least four fifths of the whole population, and their wealth is probably proportionably great. Whatever, therefore, elevates or depresses them must, in a correspondent degree, elevate or depress all the other members of society.
Let it be added, that the life of a farmer or planter is that to which every American naturally aspires. In other countries power confers wealth and raises its possessor above the exertions of industry. In our country, we have no privileged order fattened on the spoils of honest labour. Here men must live by their own exertions. There is here also a spirit of independence, that finds its highest gratification, in retiring from the trammels of trade or professional occupation, which require perpetual sacrifice, to scenes where industry never fails to meet its reward, without bending to power or wealth.
In forming an estimate of the relative expence of fencing and hedging we shall take that part of the United States, with which we are best acquainted. With regard to the other parts of the union, though the expences may vary, their relation to each other will not materially differ.
In the middle states the expence of a post and rail fence may be taken at one dollar for a pannel of ten feet. We prefer considering the post and rail to the worm fence, as most intelligent farmers are of the opinion that the former is the least expensive of the two. Although it costs more in the first instance, this circumstance is more than counterbalanced by its greater durability and smaller consumption of wood. A good post and rail fence will not last more than twenty years. Taking these facts as the basis of our estimate, let us calculate the expence of a post and rail fence for a farm containing one hundred acres of arable land, which may be considered as the average quantity of land in that state on most farms in the United States.
Supposing such a farm divided into four fields, it will require fencing of
about 1300 pannels, which will cost 1300 dollars.
As the thorn Hedge will last at least one hundred years, in comparing the relative expences attending the two kinds of fences, it is necessary to estimate the aggregate cost of the post and rail fence during that period. In making this estimate, it will be but fair to allow a compound interest of six per cent. on the capital expended, as there is no business in the United States which does not bear a higher premium.
The original expence of a post and rail fence will be 1300 The compound interest on this sum for twenty years will be 2,931
Making the principal and interest 4,231 At this time it will be necessary entirely to renew the fence which will cost 1,300
Which added to the accumulated capital and interest previously expended will amount to 5,531
On which the compound interest for the ensuing, being the second term of 20 years will be 12,469
Making the principal and interest 18,000 The third renewal of the fence will cost 1,300
Which added to the accumulated capital and interest previously expended will amount to 19,300
On which the compound interest for the ensuing, being the third term of 20 years, will be 43,514
Making the principal and interest 62,814 The fourth renewal of the fence will cost 1,300
Which added to the accumulated capital and interest previously expended will amount to 64,114
On which the compound interest for the ensuing, being the fourth term of 20 years, will be 144,552
Making the intire principal and interest 208,666 The fifth renewal of the fence will cost 1,300
Which added to the accumulated capital and interest previously expended will amount to 219,966
On which the compound interest for the ensuing, being the fifth term of 20 years will be 488,250
Making the entire principal and interest which will have accumulated during one hundred years 708,216
Every man, unacquainted with the force of figures, and the magic of compound interest, will be astonished at this result, by which it appears that fencing which, in the first instance, only costs 1300 dollars, will if renewed every twenty years, have cost at the end of one hundred years, the enormous sum of seven hundred and eight thousand dollars, if to the sum actually laid out be added an interest of six per cent. a year, and a like interest be charged on the accruing interest, which is no more than any one may accumulate not merely in business which requires his personal attention, but by investing his money in national or Bank stock, and by devoting to it once a year a few hours attention.
Let us now enquire into the expence of a thorn Hedge of similar dimensions.
The thorn is easily raised from the seed, and if cultivated in a nursery will cost the farmer but a trifle. For the purpose, however, of pursuing the enquiry on the most liberal scale, we shall take as the basis of our estimate the prices of Mr. Maine for plants two years old of the best kind, which is seven dollars a thousand.
For a line of fencing equivalent to 1300 pannels there will be required (the thorns being planted six inches apart) 26 thousand, which at 7 dollars will cost 182
Allow for decayed plants 18 for transportation 20 for planting and attending them the first year 100
320
A fence, to protect the thorn, will be required for five or six years. One very inferior to a good one of post and rails, will last that length of time; but to give the hedge the best chance of success, let the best fence be made. This will cost 1,300
Making the original cost of the whole 1,620 The compound interest on this sum for 20 years, will be 3,652
Making the principal and interest 5,272
At this time the fence may be altogether removed, and any expence attending the repairs of the hedge will be fully counterbalanced by the ordinary expences attending the repair of a fence.
Calculating, therefore, compound interest on the foregoing sum, we shall find an accumulation of principal and interest as follows:
  At the expiration of the 2d. term of 20 years 11,732   do do 3rd do 26,451   do do 4th do 59,644   do do 5th do 134,628   Making the intire principal and interest which will have accumulated during one hundred years amount to 134,628 dollars   From which it appears that the original expence of a post and rail fence of the foregoing extent is Dollars. 1,300 1,620   That of a Hedge 320   Balance against a Hedge 320   That the expence of a fence at the end of 20 years will be 5,531   And that of a Hedge 5272   Balance in favor of a Hedge 259   That the expence of a fence at the end of 40 years will be 18,000   And of a Hedge 11,732   Bal. in favor of Hedge 6,268   That the expence of a fence at the end of 60 years will be 62,814   And of a Hedge. 26,451   Bal. in favor of a Hedge 34,363   That the expence of a fence at the end of 80 years will be 208,666   And of a Hedge 59,644   Bal. in favor of a Hedge 149,022   That the expence of a fence at the end of 100 years will be 708,250   And of a Hedge 134,628   Balance in favor of a Hedge at the expiration of 100 years 573,422   TO BE CONTINUED.
CUN BOATS Nos. 3, 6 and 10, were spoken by His Majesty's frigate Lapwing, on the 9th June, in lat. 40, long. 34.—The officers of which appeared to be well pleased with them, and found them to be good sea-boats.
Pha. paper.
All in the wrong.
As the federal papers are in the habit of finding fault with every thing done by the general government, they will certainly hit upon whatever is wrong. It would be miraculous indeed if under any human government all should be right; but we contend that nothing goes wrong by system, as nearly every thing did under Mr. Adams' administration. The whole is now calculated and intended for the people's good; not for that of half a dozen aristocracies. That government which ranges wealth, pride and religion against the rights of the body of the people, never intends to compass the people's good.
Every government must have energy enough to carry itself into effect; ours has enough for that purpose; but energetic government, so loudly demanded by the aristocracies, is a government, in which the energies are to be exercised by themselves on others. The body of the people never cry out for energetic government, and if all the federalists in the United States could be gathered into a small compass, as they might now be, and were to form a government for themselves, it would have very little energy in it. The business of energy depends on having a great many, on whom to exercise it.
Amer. Mercury.
DIED—In Russia, on the 20th of March, the Rt. Rev. Father GABRIEL GRUBER, General of the Society of Jesuits. He was born at Vienna, and entered that Society at an early age. He distinguished himself by his abilities, in the sciences and in the liberal arts. He practised and taught successively, rhetoric, history, mathematics, hydraulics, chemistry, architecture, and medicine, in which he obtained the degree of Doctor. His recreations were physical and chemical experiments, drawing and painting. On the suppression of the Society, the Empress Maria Theresa took him into her service, and intrusted to him the superintendence of the ship building at Trieste; as well as the draining of the Sclavonian and Hungarian morasses. As soon as he learned that the society continued to exist in the Russian empire, under the protection of the government, he joined the society of Poloz, where he applied himself to his favorite studies, for several years. Being sent to St. Petersburg several times, on the business of the society he

gained the esteem of their imperial majesties. In 1801, he was elected general of the society, and shewed much tranquility and perseverance in very arduous and trying circumstances. By his exertions the order increased in Russia, and was restored in the kingdom of Naples. His amiable and philanthropic behavior, and the variety and extent of his knowledge, procured him many friends, as well as the confidence and good will of men of the highest rank, who are deeply afflicted at his death. With those abilities and information which form a great mind, he united the piety and virtue of a true member of a religious order. On his decease a writing was found in which he nominates, pursuant to the statutes of the Order, the right rev. Father Anthony Lustig, assistant and provincial, to govern the society as vicar general, until the election of a successor.
FROM THE PARIS ARGUS. Statement of the English forces both at home and abroad. East Indies and on their way thither, 2296 cavalry, 13522 infantry. Ceylon, 260 artillery, 6464 infantry. Windward islands, 728 artillery, 10514 infantry. Jamaica, 340 artillery, 3835 infantry. Bay of Honduras, 927 infantry. Gibraltar, 512 artillery, 4074 infantry. Malta, 456 artillery, 6084 infantry. English North America, 412 artillery, 3782 infantry. Bermuda and Bahama Islands, 39 artillery, 434 infantry. New South Wales, 490 infantry. Goree. On board bomb ships, 26 artillery, 344 infantry. Ireland, 4070 cavalry, 968 artillery, 29042 infantry, 12423 militia. Jersey and Guernsey, 112 artillery, 7296 infantry. Total, 21223 cavalry, 8539 artillery, 124878 infantry, 89809 militia.*
Morning Post.
* A nation the forces of which are thus scattered throughout the universe; which is weak in every point and which must preserve every establishment it has, to maintain its credit and support the colossus of its debt, which might conclude an honorable peace but which repulses the advances that are made to it, and does not see the blows its enemy may aim at it on all sides, is an example how much a nation can forget its dearest interests when it attends to its fashions, and suffers itself to be blinded by hatred.
Moniteur.
AMERICAN MANUFACTURES. With pleasure we notice a new American manufacture, equal in its utility and more beautiful than any we have ever seen of European manufactures—BED TICKING of the narrow blue stripe has been manufactured within a few weeks in the neighborhood of this city, of the most elegant texture from American cotton, and which besides its strength and beauty, retains both down and feather.—We understand some of this manufacture will be exposed for sale in this city soon.
Aurora.
THE NAVY OF GREAT BRITAIN. As the fleets of France, and her colonies Spain and Batavia, have not only manifested a desire to risk an encounter with the British, but have actually thrown themselves into the way most likely to prove their relative powers, it may not be impertinent at this time, to give our readers some idea of the British naval force. Some days ago, while offering a conjecture on the probable design of Bonaparte in sending out the late and present detachments, we stated that, in November, the British fleet, in commission, amounted to about 70 ships of the line; we mentioned this number from memory, and we have not had any means of ascertaining its correctness. We are now able to ascertain the strength of that navy on the first of April, 1805.—Viz.
   In Commission.     Ships of the line 105   Forty-fours and fifties 21   Frigates 141   Sloops and smaller 428   695   Serviceable and repairing.   Ships of the line 15   Forty-fours and fifties 1   Frigates 17   Sloops and smaller 1   34   Receiving Ships.   Ships of the line 5   Forty-fours and fifties 4   Frigates 6   15   In Ordinary.   Ships of the line 63   Forty-fours and fifties 12   Frigates 33   Sloops and smaller 20   128   Building.   Ships of the line 15   Frigates 20   Sloops and smaller 31   66   Retapitulation.   Ships of the line 203   Forty-fours and fifties 38   Frigates 217   Sloops and smaller 486   944    Total Navy of the U. Kingdom, 938 ves.
As the distribution of this enormous force has been much changed since the above date, it would be of no use to mention it.—For instance the number of vessels then stated to be in the West-Indies (generally) as only four ships of the line, sixteen frigates, and fifty-one sloops, &c.—We hope, however, to be in a short time able to ascertain its dis-
tribution on the 1st of May, which will enable us to determine at least the force on the home stations at that period.
Phila. Pa.
WEST-INDIES.
Since the arrival of the British and combined fleets in the West-Indies, any information respecting those islands must be in some degree, interesting. The following statement of the islands belonging to the different nations of Europe, and the number of inhabitants contained in each island, will not, we presume, be unacceptable to any of our readers. The statement is taken principally from Morse's Gazetteer, and is probably as correct as any, that can at present be procured.
   Spectator.   BRITISH.   WHITES. BLACKS.     Jamaica, 30,000, 250,000   Barbadoes, 16,167, 62,145   Grenada, 1,000, 23,925   St. Vincent, 1,450, 11,853   Dominica, 1,256, 14,967   Antigua, 2,590, 37,808   Montserrat, 13,000, 10,000   Nevis, 1,000, 8,000   St. Christopher, 19,000, 20,435   Virgin Isies, 1,200, 9,000   Bahamas, 2,000, 2,241   Bermudas, 5,462, 4,919   St. Kitts, 1,900, 20,435   St. Lucie, 3,400, 11,000   Tobago, 3,500, 10,000   Anguilla,   Barbuda,   FRENCH.   St. Domingo, (99) 32,650, 256,133   Martinico, (76) 11,619, 74,160   Guadaloupe, (79) 13,161, 86,709   DUTCH.   St. Eustatia, 5,000, 15,000   Saba, 2,000, 7,000   Curraçoa.  
Norfolk, July 10. We do not remember to have experienced so warm weather as the last three days; yesterday in many parts of the town the mercury was up to 97, in a cool passage it was from 2 o'clock to 5 at 95, and at seven in the evening at 93. A correspondent who has for three years past kept a journal, observes, that the middle of July may be accounted our warmest weather. In 1803, the warmest weather was from the 10th to the 15th day of July, the mercury being generally from 90 to 94. In 1804, the warmest weather was from the 9th to the 16th July, the mercury being from 90 to 93; and this year the weather since Sunday last, has been warmer than either of the preceding years, this morning at 6 o'clock, the mercury in a cool passage was at 85.
Philadelphia, July 19. LAW INTELLIGENCE. Mayor's Court, of the City of Philadelphia. The commonwealth of Pennsylvania vs. Joseph Cabrera. On Friday, July 6th, this distinguished prisoner being placed at the bar before a respectable Jury, the charges of forging and uttering three checks drawn and presented in the name of the Spanish Ambassador, the Marquis de Casa Yrujo, upon the bank of Pennsylvania, for the sums of 500, 1000, and 300 dollars, were opened against him by Mr. Chas. J. Ingersoll. The trial was unavoidably protracted by two long adjournments, and lasted twenty two hours in session. The testimony was voluminous and detailed, and occupied about twelve hours.
On the part of the Commonwealth, it went to shew the prisoner's expensive and extravagant mode of living and the narrowness of his means, from whence it was to be inferred that he must have resorted to artifices and forgery in order to sustain his great expenses—the presentation at the bank of the third check confessedly by Cabrera's direction, and the similarity of the writing in this to the two preceding checks. For the prisoner it was sworn by several witnesses that he was a man of illustrious family and connections—and it was attempted to be proved that he had received the last check from a Frenchman, who however swore in absolute denial of this charge, and was confirmed by strong evidence of witnesses as well as corroborating circumstances.—When the testimony was closed, the case was spoken to by Messrs. Healy and Lewis for the prisoner, and Mr. Charles Ingersoll and the Attorney General for the prosecution. These discussions were circumstantial and animated.
At ten o'clock Wednesday night the Recorder delivered a full and accurate charge, and at eleven on Thursday morning, the Jury returned with a verdict of GUILTY. Tuesday morning the 16th inst. after an impressive address, the Recorder pronounced the prisoner's sentence to be two years imprisonment at hard labor and a fine of 2000 dollars. During the whole of the trial the prisoner's conduct was composed, gentleman-like and becoming. The weather was excessively hot, and the hall very much crowded. The justice done this man on this occasion, in the circumstances, manner and event of his trial, is honorable to the court and jury, and cannot fail to impress his country with highly favorable sentiments of the impartial integrity of American tribunals.
From the Barbados Mercury of the 25th June.
Our readers will receive an equal gratification in perusing the following account from the Dominico Journal of the proceedings in that Island upon the danger which lately threatened it, with that which possessed all ranks on their former efforts of defence; and cannot fail to admire the liberality as well as
loyalty which that colony has manifested.
Dominica, June 15.
Flattering ourselves that the departure of the enemy's fleet, and the arrival of the gallant veteran Nelson with an adequate naval force, may justly be considered as having now removed all ground of alarm from this colony, we embrace the earliest opportunity of retracing, with the faithful pencil of the historian, the progress of the late French and Spanish expeditions, and of their apparently formidable squadron in these seas.
On the 14th May, a fleet consisting of 12 French and 6 Spanish ships of the line, with several frigates and other smaller vessels, arrived at Martinique. On the Thursday following, a letter from brigadier general Brieret, governor of St. Lucia, announced to governor Prevost the important intelligence: In consequence of which the alarm was immediately fired at Roseau, and the whole colony put under martial law. All the merchant ships lying in the unprotected road of Roseau, of which (amounting to 22 in all) several were ready to sail with valuable cargoes, were directed to move to the fine bay of Prince Rupert's, and anchor under the guns of the fort—a measure of precaution which we doubt not has saved them from becoming, as on a former occasion, the prey of the enemy; while their crews contributed to strengthen the garrison, and the activity of several of their commanders essentially promoted the preparations of defence. His excellency himself also retired without delay to Prince Rupert's with all the garrison of the southern district, excepting only a single company of the 46th regiment, and a part of the militia, who were left solely with the view of preserving order in Roseau, but with directions to retreat immediately, on the event of any attack on the Island.
It was with astonishment that we beheld day after day pass over, without the least movement on the part of the enemy. For three whole weeks did they loiter, totally inactive, at anchor in Port Royal bay; occupied merely, as we understand, in giving or receiving splendid entertainments.
This delay was not lost upon us; every moment was busily employed in preparations for defence. At the important fortress of Prince Rupert's, a number of new breast-works, entrenchments, and batteries (both of mortars and cannon) were speedily constructed, under the auspices of our brave, judicious and indefatigable governor, to guard every point of access; a number of furnaces for heating shot were quickly erected; and in short, every arrangement made for a vigorous resistance.
That no inconvenience might arise from the want of intelligence between Roseau and Prince Rupert's, a body of active men, all in the higher ranks of life, exempted of their situations from militia duty, formed themselves into a dragoon corps, and volunteered their services to convey dispatches; in which capacity their exertions have proved eminently useful. Even those, whose advanced age incapacitated them from serving in the militia, voluntarily stood forward on this occasion to offer their services, so far as their abilities would allow—namely, to guard the town, and thus to enable every young man capable of undergoing fatigue, to throw himself into Prince Rupert's.
The moment at length arrived, when we believed that British courage was to be put to a severe test. On the 5th of June, about 2 o'clock in the afternoon, the signal was made from Grand Bay, of the approach of the enemy; and before sun-set, the whole of their ships could be seen from Roseau, apparently standing in for the Island. No doubt was therefore entertained of a meditated attack; and accordingly all the troops and militia marched immediately with every possible dispatch to Prince Rupert's, leaving the town under the protection of those spirited veterans whose exertions on so trying an occasion would have done credit to vigorous youth, and will ever remain a monument of their zeal in the service of their country, will ever reflect honor on themselves, and transmit a laudable example to posterity.
On the morning of the 6th, a powerful force was collected at Prince Rupert's. All those troops who had left Roseau the evening before, had arrived by forced marches at the Cabrits; and with the former garrison, the militia of the neighbourhood, and the seamen belonging to the Jason frigate, and the merchant ships lying in the bay must have amounted to nearly 2000 men, all of whom were ready and eager to combat the enemy.
The movements of the hostile fleet during the night seemed to indicate a probability, that such wishes would soon be gratified. With a favorable breeze they had passed along at no great distance from the shore, leaving Roseau without any notice; and at break of day was seen in a cluster, becalmed under Morne Espagnol. A light breeze sprung up at about 7 o'clock, when they stood in by Point Round, as if with a view of entering the bay of Prince Rupert's, and signals were observed to pass frequently among them, indicating some plan of attack in agitation; but after lying to for some time about mid-way between Point Round and the Cabrits, they sheer off one by one round the head, keeping however, completely out of gun shot from the fort, steering direct for Guadaloupe, under the lee of which they did all arrive before six o'clock in the afternoon, and were no more seen from the Island.
The enemy perhaps acted a judicious part in declining to attack Prince Rupert's, although boldly challenged by a gun from the outer Cabrit. We do not know what number of troops they may
have had on board; but at all events we may venture to allege, that the conquest of this colony, even had it been ultimately accomplished, would have been dearly purchased. The position is by nature very strong; no resource of art has been spared to fortify it; it was under the command of a general of known talents and invincible courage, determined to hold out to the last extremity; it was abundantly stored with water, provisions and ammunition, and contained a garrison sufficiently numerous, not only to defend every accessible point, and to render an enemy's hopes of success by assault altogether fruitless, but even to annoy them in various ways. And we were under no apprehension from their ships, for they durst not approach sufficiently near to do any important injury to the garrison, without the risk of inevitable destruction from our red-hot balls.
Under these circumstances, we entertained no great dread of the consequences from an attack on this post; and indeed the general impressions left on the minds of the inhabitants of the Island, by the unexpected departure of the enemy without attempting any hostile operations, though naturally mixed with joyful emotions, were perhaps still more strongly indicative of contempt for their dastardly behavior.
We were now inclined to believe that Villeneuve's experience at Aboukir, will induce him to amuse himself no longer in these seas. The probability seems to be, that this fleet has either gone to St. Domingo, or returned home. We have only to add, that we sincerely wish him a cordial meeting with lord Nelson; and we most earnestly pray, that should this colony again be menaced by a similar force, we may ever have reason to repose the same confidence in the abilities of our chief governor; that we may ever experience the same valor, activity and unanimity in our troops and militia forces; that our brave veterans may ever show our youths the same noble example; and finally that we may ever as happily escape the indescribable horrors of a French government.
WIFE, CHILDREN, AND FRIENDS.
By Mr. Spencer.
If the stock of our bliss is in stranger hands vested, The fund ill secur'd oft in bankruptcy ends. But the heart's issues bills which are never protested, When drawn on the firm of—wife, children and friends.  Though spice-breathing gales o'er his caravan hover, And round him Arabia's whole fragrance descends, The merchant still thinks of the wood-bines that cover The bower where he sat with—wife, children, and friends.  Though valour still glows in his life's dying embers, The death-wounded tar, who his colours defends, Drops a tear of regret, as he dying, remembers, How blest was his home, with—wife, children and friends.  The day spring of youth, still unclouded by sorrow, Alone on itself for enjoyment depends: But drear is the twilight of age, if it borrows No warmth from the smiles of—wife, children, and friends.
STRAY HORSES.
A PAIR of BAY HORSES which have the appearance of Carriage Horses are at Mr. Taylor's farm near this city. The owner is requested to apply for them. July 24—3t
District of Columbia, County of Washington, to wit.
UPON the Petition of DAVID ASTIN an insolvent debtor confined in jail, in the county of Washington, in the district aforesaid, praying relief under the act of Congress entitled "An act for the relief of insolvent debtors within the district of Columbia." It is ordered that notice of his application be given to his creditors, and that on the 29th day of July inst. at 9 o'clock, A. M. at the court room in the Capitol the oath of an insolvent debtor, will be administered to the said David Astin and a trustee appointed agreeably to the said act, unless sufficient cause then and there be shewn to the contrary.
It is ordered that this notice be published in the National Intelligencer, and Washington Federalist two weeks prior to that time.
By the hon. Wm. Cranch, assistant judge of the circuit court.
WM. BRENT, CLK.
July 24—2t In the case of THOMAS DAVIS an Insolvent Debtor.
SIX months from and after the first day of July next is limited and appointed for the creditors of the said Davis to bring in and exhibit their claims to the Trustee. It is also ordered that this notice be published three times before the first day of August next in the National Intelligencer. By order of the honorable William Cranch, URIAH FORREST, CLK. 21st June, 1805.
The subscriber being appointed Trustee in the above case of Thomas Davis requests all persons having claims against the said Davis to exhibit them without delay—Also all persons indebted to the said Thomas Davis, prior to his taking the benefit of the act of insolvency to make immediate payment to SAMUEL SPEAKE. July 24—3t
PENNSYLVANIA HOUSE AND INTER'S CITY TAVERN.
THE Subscriber respectfully acquaints his friends and the public in general, that he has removed from his old tavern stand, to the adjoining houses on the Pennsylvania avenue, lately occupied by Mrs. Wilson as a boarding-house, and Mr. Woodward's tavern, in which he is now opening a complete hotel. This stand is probably not excelled by any in the city, either for the accommodation of travellers or boarders; being at a convenient and almost equal distance from the Capitol, the President's House, and Public Offices; near the Theatre, Messrs. Way's Printing Office, and Centre Market; opposite the office of the National Intelligencer, and adjoining Mr. Duane's book-store. These houses contain twenty six lodging rooms with fire places, exclusive of dining, bar, assembly, and coffee rooms, servants apartments, &c. The celebrated ridge-spring, is conveyed in pipes to the yard of this hotel, where it suppies the whole neighborhood with flowing, cool water, to which the general health of this part of the city has in a great measure been attributed. The Babbag of the hotel now erected is considerable; more however will be completed before the meeting of Congress.
I now beg leave to inform my friends with confidence, that my price shall be as heretofore, corresponding with Pennsylvania tavern rates; and in proportion as my elbow room has increased my disposition to please shall be enlarged: I therefore respectfully hope the continuance of a share of the public patronage.
SOLOMON MYER.
Washington, July 24, Independence the 30th year—3tamtff
NOTICE.
WILL be let to the lowest bidder on Monday the 29th inst. at 2 o'clock in the forenoon, at the Wooden Bridge over the Tyber Creek, near the Centre Market, the repairs necessary to said bridge; the particulars whereof will be furnished on application to the subscriber.
It will be necessary that the person contracting furnish good and sufficient security for the faithful execution of the work. ROBERT BRENT, Mayor of Washington. July 24—
To be Let or Sold,
THE white FRAME HOUSE on 13th street near Tyber Creek—the situation is pleasant and the terms low; enquire of Samuel Hutchinson near the Seven Buildings, or Wm. Yates, pump-maker, at Alexandria. 3t
ADAM KING, & Co.
AT their wine Store in High Street George Town, have in addition to their stock of old wines, laid in a large and general assortment of all kinds of Liquors and Groceries suitable to the present season; where bills of any description, in their line, will constantly be filled up on the shortest notice and they flatter themselves, from the quality of their wines, &c. they will be able to give general satisfaction to all those who may think proper to favor them with a call—where all kind of commission business as usual will be attended to with the utmost attention. George Town, November 5—tf
RAGS.
The highest price, in Cash or Book, will be given for any quantity of clean Linen and Cotton RAGS, by Rapine, Conrad and Co. Capitol Hill. June 24—
RAGS.
THE highest price CASH, given for clean RAGS, by EDGAR PATTERSON, George town, and SAMUEL STETTENUS, near the Centre market, Washington March 8—tf.
Twenty Dollars Reward
STRAYED or stolen from the subscriber on the night of the 4th inst. two BAY HORSES, one a large bay six years old, one of his eyes appears to be injured, his tail bobbed very short, shod all round; the other an old horse, with two white hind feet, several white saddle spots, has a switch tail, which has been lately cut at the ends; the first accustomed to the carriage, trots & paces, the second made use of as a road horse, trots easy, but paces badly, very lately shod all round. As I am satisfied they have been stolen, I will double the reward, on conviction of the thief or thieves, and on getting the horses. DANIEL CARROLL of Dud'n. July 12—F&Wim.
Fifty Dollars Reward.
RANAWAY from the subscriber, living near the Bowling Green, on the 23d inst. a negro man named PETER, who sometimes calls himself BRANDY, between 30 and 40 years old, about 5 feet 10 inches high, he is black and rather spare made; had on when he went off, a light colored thick drab coat, a red striped waistcoat, corduroy or thickset breeches and dark mixed stockings—has lost the greater part of all his toes on the left foot, and when spoken to is apt to appear surprised. I will give the above reward if taken out of the state of Virginia, and thirty dollars if taken in the state, and out of this county and 20 dollars if taken in this county, or confined to any jail so that I get him, or if brought home all reasonable charges paid. JOHN G. WOOLFOLK. July 17—
TO LET,
A HOUSE near the Navy Yard in an excellent stand either for Dry Good or Grocery store. For terms apply to the subscriber near the premises. GUSTAVUS HIGDON. July 19—3t

SULLIVAN'S LECTURES,
PROPOSALS
By THOMAS B. WAIT & Co.
FOR PRINTING, BY SUBSCRIPTION,
AN HISTORICAL TREATISE
ON THE
FEUDAL LAW,
AND THE
CONSTITUTION AND LAWS OF ENGLAND;
With a Commentary on Magna Charta , and Illustrations of many of the English Statutes.
BY THE LATE
FRANCIS STOUGHTON SULLIVAN, L.L.D. Royal Professor of Common Law in the University of Dublin.
To which authorities are added, and a Dictionary is prefixed, concerning the Laws and Government of England,
BY GILBERT STUART, L.L.D.
THE Lectures of Professor Sullivan, delivered to the Students in the University of Dublin, are in very high repute among all Lawyers of eminence, and have been uniformly recommended as an elementary book to those young gentlemen who begin the study of Law with a view to render themselves respectable in the profession.
However obsolescent the feudal policy may now seem to be, it having gradually disappeared as mankind grew more civilized and became better acquainted with their natural and inalienable rights and privileges; yet a research into the history of the government of jurisprudence of the nations of Europe, will satisfy any one, that many consequences of that system still exist and influence the opinions and decisions of the highest and most enlightened tribunals of justice. Every author who has undertaken to give a regular and systematic account of the rise and progress of modern nations, has felt himself obliged to resort to the history of feuds and feudal rights, as the fundamental principle from which all existing civil and political institutions have taken their rise; and every jurist who has employed himself in explaining the constitution and laws of his country, has gone to the same source for the correct materials of his essays and dissertations. Robertson, in his history of the Emperor Charles V. has with great beauty and perspicuity illustrated so much of the feudal policy as was necessary to enable the scientific reader to understand that valuable book; and Sir Wm. Blackstone has in the course of his commentaries, led the student to a contemplation of the ancient tenures, many of which depend upon the doctrine of feuds, as established in England by the Norman conqueror.
But in both those invaluable productions, the feudal policy was adverted to, only as incidental to the principal object of the authors, and therefore cannot be supposed to furnish so complete and satisfactory an account, as would be given by so distinguished a lawyer as professor Sullivan, who declares the great purpose of his lectures to be the full discussion of the subject, which was of necessity but partially considered by the other writers.
This work has become so scarce in this country, as to be seldom seen, even on the shelves of a practising lawyer; a fact to be accounted for only by the difficulty of obtaining the book: for it cannot well be supposed that any one of the profession, who has higher views than the mere pecuniary advantages of the practice, would willingly neglect an enquiry into those ancient institutions, upon which, notwithstanding the lapse of ages, most modern improvements are founded. But it is not to the profession alone, that this book may be considered useful. In this rising empire, where political knowledge to a certain degree is claimed by all, and actually possessed by many; a book which so lucidly and perspicuously brings to view the laws, institutions, manners and customs of those nations from which our English ancestors descended, must be peculiarly useful, as it will enable young politicians to trace all our civil regulations to their source, and thus to account methodically and scientifically for many modern usages and practices, of which their knowledge is extremely superficial. In this book they will see how our ancestors struggled for the establishment of those privileges which artful monarchs and a proud nobility were continually attempting to destroy; and they will also learn that the persevering industry of the people, aided by the wealth which their skill and enterprise brought into the country, finally obtained a complete victory in the establishment of principles and customs, which, transplanted into America by our progenitors, terminated in those glorious constitutions which distinguish the people of America, for liberty and happiness, from every other people on the earth.
CONDITIONS.
The work shall be elegantly printed, in two octavo volumes, on five wove paper, with a new and beautiful type. It will be delivered to Subscribers, bound in calf, at Five Dollars; and in boards, at Four Dollars. To non-subscribers the price will be enhanced. No money will be required till the delivery of the work. Those who subscribe for ten sets shall have one gratis. To booksellers the usual allowance will be made. Portland, June 24—
The above work will be printed from a correct London Edition—The few copies of an Irish Edition now circulating in this country are considered by the full law character as extremely incorrect, and not to be relied on as historical authority.
HISTORY
Of the West Indies :
A WORK in the contents of which every citizen of America must be interested, whether devoted to business, or desirous of information through the medium of amusement.
A new & revised edition of Mr. EDWARDS'S History of the West Indies, with a third volume, (completed by its amiable author a short time previous to his death) has lately been published in London. This third volume contains the interesting and important history, with a large Map of the Island of St. Domingo, or Hispaniola, as also that of Tobago; likewise a history of the war in the West Indies from its commencement in 1773, and a tour of Sir William Young through several of the islands. It is accompanied by a highly finished portrait of Mr. Edwards, a history of his life written by himself, and a prefatory advertisement by Sir William Young, Baronet, M.P. F.R.S. &c. under whose editorship it has been given to the public.
The subscriber, impressed with a sense of the great importance a general knowledge of the History, civil and commercial, of the West Indies, must be to every citizen of America, and of the great celebrity of the above work, proposes to print it by subscription, and respectfully offers the following for public patronage and encouragement.
Proposals for Printing,
From the London copy, 3 volumes quarto,
THE HISTORY,
CIVIL AND COMMERCIAL,
Of the British Colonies in the West Indies.
By BRYAN EDWARDS, ESQ. F.R.S. A.S. Containing, with a variety of other matter:—
A political and topographical survey of the sugar islands.
A comprehensive account of the ancient and present inhabitants, agriculture, productions, laws, government, constitution and commerce.
An historical review of the slave trade; including observations on the character, genius, dispositions, and situations of the enslaved Africans.
An historical review of St. Domingo, comprehending an account of the former government of the French part of that island, its political state, populations, productions, and exports; a narrative of the calamities which have desolated the island ever since the year 1789; and a detail of the transactions of the British army in that island.
Also, a tour through the islands of Barbadoes, St. Vincent, Antigua, Tobago and Grenada, by Sir William Young, Baronet, &c.
A history of the war in the West Indies from its commencement in 1773, &c. &c.
CONDITIONS.
It will be printed in four volumes, large octavo, on a perfectly new and beautiful type and on a handsome large medium paper, agreeable to a specimen, which may be had at the subscriber's Book Store.
The price to subscribers to be three dollars the volume, in boards; each volume to be paid for on delivery.
With the last volume will be given an ATLAS, (without any additional price) containing the following maps, viz.
 1 A large general map of the West Indies.  2 Map of Jamaica.  3 Barbadoes.  4 Grenada.  5 St. Vincents.  6 Dominica.  7 St. Christopher's.  8 Nevis.  9 Antigua.  10 Virgin Islands.  11 St. Domingo, or Hispaniola.  12 Tobago. 
To prevent disappointment or complaint, it is now promised, that on the publication of the second volume the subscription price will be advanced to three dollars and a half the volume, and on the publication of the last volume the price will be again enhanced.
With the last volume, besides the Atlas, will be given an elegant engraving of the celebrated author. Also a list of the subscribers names.
The London copy of the foregoing work in three volumes cannot be sold in America, in boards, under sixty dollars.
JAMES HUMPHREYS.
Subscriptions are received by said Humphreys at his book-store the corner of Second and Walnut Streets, and by the principal Booksellers through the Union. Philadelphia, July 15—
In Council, Annapolis, May 16, 1805
ORDERED , That the act to provide for the trial of facts in the several counties of this state, and to alter, change and abolish, all such parts of the constitution and form of government as relate to the general court and court of appeals, be published twice in each week for the space of three months in the Maryland Gazette at Annapolis; the American, Telegraph and the Federal Gazette at Baltimore; the National Intelligencer; the Republican Advocate and Bartgis's paper at Frederick-Town; Green's paper at Hagerstown, and in Smith's and Cowan's paper at Easton.
By order, NIMIAN PINKNEY, Clerk.
AN ACT
To provide for the trial of facts in the several counties of this state, and to alter, change and abolish, all such parts of the constitution and forms of government as relate to the general court and court of appeals.
BE it enacted by the general assembly of Maryland, That this state shall be divided into six judicial districts in manner and form following to wit: St. Mary's, Charles and Prince George's counties, shall be the first district; Cecil, Kent, Queen Anne's and Talbot counties, shall be the second district; Calvert, Anne Arundel and Montgomery counties shall be the third district; Caroline,
Dorchester, Somerset and Worcester counties, shall be the fourth district; Frederick, Washington and Allegany counties shall be the fifth district; Baltimore and Harford counties shall be the sixth district; and there shall be appointed, for each of the said judicial districts, three persons of integrity and sound legal knowledge, residents of the state of Maryland, who shall previous to and during their acting as judges, reside in the district for which they shall respectively be appointed, one of whom shall be styled in the commission chief judge, and the other two associate judges, of the district for which they shall be appointed; and the chief judge, together with the two associate judges, shall compose the county courts in each respective district; and each judge shall hold his commission during good behavior, removable for misbehavior on conviction in a court of law, or shall be removed by the governor, upon the address of the general assembly, provided that two thirds of all the members of each house concur in such address; and the county courts, so as aforesaid established, shall have, hold and exercise, in the several counties of this state, all and every the powers authorities and jurisdictions, which the county courts of this state now have, use and exercise, and which they shall be hereafter prescribed by law; and the said county courts established by this act shall respectively hold their sessions in the several counties at such times and places as the legislature shall direct and appoint, and the salaries of the said judges shall not be diminished during the period of their continuance in office.
II. And be it enacted , That in any suit or action at law hereafter to be commenced or instituted in any county court of this state, the judges thereof, upon suggestion in writing by either of the parties thereto, supported by affidavit or other proper evidence, that a fair and impartial trial cannot be had in the county court of this state where such suit or action is depending, shall and may order and direct the record of their proceedings in such suit or action to be transmitted to the judges of any county court within the district for trial, and the judges of such county court, to whom the said record shall be transmitted, shall hear and determine the same in like manner as if such suit or action had been originally instituted therein; provided, nevertheless, that such suggestion shall be made as aforesaid before or during the term in which the issue or issues may be joined in the said suit or action; and provided also, that such further remedy may be provided by law, in the premises, as the legislature shall from time to time direct and enact.
III. And be it enacted , That if any party presented or indicted in any of the county courts of this state, shall suggest in writing to the court in which such prosecution is depending, that a fair and impartial trial cannot be had in such court, it shall and may be lawful for the said court to order and direct the record of their proceedings in the said prosecution to be transmitted to the judges of any adjoining county court for trial, and the judges of such adjoining county court shall hear and determine the same in the same manner as if such prosecution had been originally instituted therein; provided that such further and other remedy may be provided by law in the premises as the legislature may direct and enact.
IV. And be it enacted , That if the attorney general, or the prosecutor for the state, shall suggest in writing to any county court, before whom an indictment is or may be depending, that the state cannot have a fair and impartial trial in such court, it shall and may be lawful for the said court, in their discretion, to order and direct the record of their proceedings in the said prosecution to be transmitted to the judges of any adjoining county court for trial, and the judges of such county court shall hear and determine the same as if such prosecution had been originally instituted therein.
V. And be it enacted , That there shall be a court of appeals, and the same shall be composed of the chief judges of the several judicial districts of the state, which said court of appeals shall hold, use and exercise, all and singular the powers, authorities and jurisdictions, heretofore held, used and exercised, by the court of appeals of this state, and also the appellate jurisdiction heretofore used and exercised by the general court; and the said court of appeals hereby established, shall sit on the western and eastern shores for transacting and determining the business of the respective shores, at such times and places as the future legislature of this state shall direct and appoint, and any three of the said judges of the court of appeals shall form a quorum to hear and decide in all case pending in said court and the judge who has given a decision in any case in the county court, shall withdraw from the bench upon the deciding of the same case before the court of appeals; and the judges of the court of appeals may appoint the clerks of said court for the western and eastern shores respectively, who shall hold their appointments during good behavior, removable only for misbehavior on conviction in a court of law; and in case of death, resignation, disqualification or removal out of the state, or from their respective shores, of either of the said clerks in the vacation of the said court, the governor, with the advice of the council, may appoint and commission a fit and proper person to such vacant office, to hold the same until the next meeting of the said court; and all laws passed after this act shall take effect, shall be recorded in the office of the court of appeals of the western shore.
VI. And be it enacted , That all and every part of the constitution and form of government which relates to the court of appeals and the general court, or the judges thereof, or that is in any manner repugnant to, or inconsistent with, the provisions of this act, be and the same is hereby repealed, abrogated and annulled upon the confirmation hereof; provided, that nothing herein contained shall be construed so as to authorise the removal of the clerks of the respective county courts being in commission at the time of the passing of this act, in any other mode or manner than
that prescribed by the constitution and form of government.
VII. And be it enacted , That if this act shall be confirmed by the general assembly, after the next election of delegates, in the first session after such new election, as the constitution and form of government directs, that in such case this act, and the alterations and amendments of the constitution and form of government therein contained, shall be taken and considered, and shall constitute and be valid, as a part of the said constitution and form of government, to all intents and purposes, any thing in the said constitution and form of government to the contrary, notwithstanding. May 31—2aw3m
Twenty Dollars Reward.
STOLEN from the subscriber about One o'clock on Sunday the 14th inst. A large BAY HORSE six years old, blind of the right eye, a good deal chafed with the collar, particularly on the right shoulder; he was shod all round, his hoofs rough and shattered. The above reward will be paid to any person who shall bring him home; and on conviction of the thief, fifty dollars.
GEORGE BLAGDEN.
Washington July 17—3t
To be Sold,
Or exchanged for other property in the City, or its vicinity.
TWO valuable and contiguous TRACTS of LAND in the state of Kentucky, the one containing 6880 acres, and the other 6252 acres, by late survey. They are under old and indisputable titles of more than twenty years, and situate in a populous county, adjoining flourishing settlements. All taxes thereon have been duly paid.
Apply to the subscriber,
JOHN BECKLEY.
City of Washington, July 17—ep2m
BOOT-MAKING.
JOHN MINCHIN , boot maker, from Philadelphia, respectfully acquaints his friends, former customers, and the public, that he has recommenced his business in all its various branches, at his established stand, where he will thankfully receive all orders in his line, which he will endeavor to execute with punctuality and satisfaction. He has on hand gentlemen's boots of all kinds, dress and strong shoes.—Wanted, a number of men to make strong shoes, and a few boot men.—Also two apprentices to the above business.
New Jersey Avenue, July 17—eptf.
STELLE'S HOTEL & CITY TAVERN.
THE Subscriber takes this method of thanking his friends and the public for their favors whilst on the Capitol Square and begs leave to acquaint them that having purchased and now occupying the tavern, late Tunnicliff's hotel; which he has commenced enlarging and improving—he respectfully solicits a continuance of the patronage of his friends and the public, assuring them that 'tis his full determination to fit up his present hotel, and so to conduct it, as to merit, he hopes, the preference of the public travelling, as well as those coming to the permanent seat of the Government of our Land of Liberty.
PONTIUS D. STELLE. Washington City, March 25—tf
TO BE SOLD, AT PUBLIC VENDUE,
At Gadsby's Hotel, in Alexandria, on Monday the 16th day of September, at 12 o'clock at noon.
ALL that TRACT of LAND late Presly Thornton, Esquire's, situated in Northumberland county, Virginia, lying immediately on the Potomac river. The following description is given of this property by persons well acquainted with it:—"It contains 2,500 acres, 1,700 acres of which are the most valuable low grounds on the river, between 3 and 400 acres heavily timbered, and the remainder very high land extremely productive. The soil of this tract is equal to any in the state for the cultivation of corn, wheat, tobacco, timothy, and small grain of all kinds. On this tract are a large commodious Brick Mansion House and two Offices, a large Brick Stable, valuable Barn, Cow House, and many other out houses. The Orchards and Garden contain a variety of valuable fruit trees, and the waters abound with excellent fish and oysters. It is situated about a day's sail from Baltimore Alexandria and Norfolk. There are two good mill seats for grist and saw mills on the estate, and plenty of cedar and chestnut timber, for which an excellent market may be found at the city of Washington."
The terms of sale are—one fourth cash, one fourth in one year, one fourth in 18 months, and the residue in two years from the day of sale. The payments to be secured by bonds, with mortgages on the premises, and to be on interest from the day of sale.
For further information, application may be made in behalf of the subscriber, Thomas Robinson, to Richard Peters, jun attorney at law in the city of Philadelphia, or to William Lewis, in the same city, (Philadelphia.)
THOMAS ROBINSON, W. LEWIS. June 19—ept3p16
To Printers.
FOR SALE.
A Fount of Pica, entirely new, weighing 567 pounds, cast by Binny & Ronaldson, of Philadelphia, and sent to this city by mistake. Apply to A. & G. WAY, Printers. Pennsylvania Avenue, near the Centre Market.
Washington City, July 15—tf.
N.B. If the above fount should not be disposed of in two weeks from this date, it will be returned to the Founders.
IRON WORKS
FOR SALE.
IN Wythe county State of Virginia, on Cripple Creek about 15 miles from the Great Kanawha and 40 miles from the north fork of Holston which affords a tolerable safe navigation to a prodigious scope of the western country, where perhaps iron is in greater demand than any other quarter of the United States.
Cripple Creek affords a sufficiency of water for both forge and furnace, being fed by boiling never failing springs. The furnace and all the buildings have been commenced within 4 or 5 years—they consist of dwelling houses, kitchens, and a store house; also, a large and convenient stable—the forge has not long been completed. It is supposed to be the best built forge in Virginia, being out of choice timber felled at proper seasons and executed by a first rate forge carpenter from Pennsylvania. It works three fires and two hammers, is sixty feet long and fifty wide, well covered with joint thingles. There are between 7 and 800 acres of land attached to these works, some of it of excellent soil, and any quantity may be procured within 6 or 8 miles for from 1 to 8 dollars per acre.—The ore banks appear to be inexhaustible, lying within one mile of the furnace and good roads. From one of the banks the ore may be conveyed by water within 10 steps of the furnace, with the considerable expense of 40 or 50 dollars.
The quality of the iron is acknowledged by those who have used it to be equal to any. It is particularly sought for by lock makers, saddle tree platers, cutlers, &c.
The demand for iron in that country is far beyond what is made, and is selling from 40 to 50. per ton. I have no hesitation to say, contracts on not a very long credit can be had for almost any quantity yearly, as from 1 to 4 quarter a considerable portion of the western country is supplied.
As it is supposed a purchase of this magnitude would not be made, without a view of the property by those inclined to purchase, it is deemed unnecessary to give a further description.
Letters addressed to me at Abingdon, Virginia, will be duly attended to.
I will also sell my SALT WORKS
On Holston in Washington county Virginia, which is now rented at 10,000 Dolls. a year. I have adjoining to it between 5 and 6,000 acres of land well covered with timber, a considerable proportion of which in point of fertility is equal to any land whatever, and will afford 3 or 400 acres of meadow, nearly 100 being now in good timothy. The buildings which are extensive are in a good state of preservation.
FRANCIS PRESTON. May 1—cp
PUBLIC SALE.
IN virtue of an order issued from the hon. court of Calvert county, will be offered at public sale, on the 28th day of August next, (if fair, if not, the first fair day thereafter) at the late mansion of Benjamin Ward, deceased, at the hour of 12 o'clock, a valuable plantation, containing 184 acres of Land, lying on the Choptank Bay, in Calvert county. The improvements are a fine dwelling house, kitchen, tobacco house, corn house, and other out houses; a large orchard of fine fruit. This fertile spot has every advantage, it abounds in heavy timber, and has a great proportion of rich low ground, capable of being made into meadow at a very trifling expense. The soil is extremely rich—tobacco, wheat, rye, and Indian corn, grow with little labour—the neighbourhood affords a society of very genteel and friendly people—places of worship surround it—conveniences to mills, and a ware house for the inspection of tobacco within two miles of the premises. This Land will be laid off in small parcels, or sold all together, as may best suit purchasers.—Bond with approved security will be required, carrying interest from the day of sale, payable in two equal payments, the first in 12, and the last in 18 months from the day of sale.
WM. M. CARCAUD, DAVID L. WEEMS, CHAS. WILLIAMSON, Commissioners. July 3—ep8w
SCHOOLS.
MR. & MRS. GARDINER , respectfully acknowledge, the favorable support with which their schools have been honored by the citizens of Washington, and will continue their endeavors to merit that honor. They have engaged a teacher of the FRENCH LANGUAGE to attend daily.
TERMS.
  MRS. G'S SCHOOL.  8 Dollars per c.  MR. G'S SCHOOL.    Needle work, English, French, writing, and Arithmetic.  English, French writing, arithmetic, and rudiments of geography and Elocution.  
July 22—3t
On a liberal credit.
THE subscriber will dispose of at private sale, his estate called Chichester, lying on the eastern branch, immediately on the city of Washington. This tract of land containing 697 acres is laid off in lots from 83 to 144 acres for the convenience of purchasers. Plats of the estate and the terms of sale are in the hands of colonel Mason at the navy yard, and Charles Wayman of George Town. The lots will be shown by Mr. Wedden, living on the premises, near the Eastern Branch bridge.
ANTHONY ADDISON. Barnaby, 14th June 1805—tf
Ten Dollars Reward.
WAS missed on Sunday, the 5th of May a double cased silver Watch, maker's name Croffthwaite, Dublin, and in the outer case was a watch paper with Mr. Parker's name of Philadelphia.—Whoever will bring the said watch to the office of the National Intelligencer, shall receive the above reward, and no questions will be asked. May 18.—tf.