The national intelligencer and Washington advertiser. (Washington City [D.C.]), 1804-11-28 00:00:00

NATIONAL INTELLIGENCER, AND WASHINGTON ADVERTISER.
VOL. V.
WASHINGTON CITY, PRINTED BY SAMUEL HARRISON SMITH, PENNSYLVANIA AVENUE.
DCXLVII.
FIVE DOLLARS PER ANNUM.
WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 28th, 1804.
PAID IN ADVANCE.
WILLIAM JUDD's
ADDRESS
TO THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF CONNECTICUT.
(Concluded.)
When federalists abandon the idea, that the royal charter and statute laws are constitutions, and labor to show that we have a constitution that was once adopted by the people, they seem to show some respect for the people, and that it is because the people made and adopted this old compact, that entitles it to validity. They here expressly admit what we have before laid down, (viz)—That the supreme power of the state, which includes in it the power of making and altering constitutions at pleasure, is vested in the people thereof. 2. That no act or instrument deserves the name of constitution, unless it be adopted by this supreme power. What shall we think of the consistency of these men? They know perfectly well, that this compact was only made for the temporary necessity of a few, and not assented to by one half of those, then living within the territory of the now state of Connecticut; that of itself it is totally inadequate for the common purposes of a constitution, so much so, that it has rarely if ever till lately, been referred to as the basis of our government. Why not submit this to the people of the now state of Connecticut? Why not give the people living within the old colony of New-Haven a voice in making a constitution? need they less privileges than the people of Hartford county? but suppose that both colonies, having the right of sovereignty and independence, had a century and a half ago agreed to this old compact; is it to be so conclusive, that no alteration can now take place, if the people judge best? we here request our fellow citizens to "pause—pause—for heaven's sake pause"—and see what gross absurdities men will adopt to keep themselves in power. In the address of the Republican convention on this subject, it was observed, "If all things are now right, let the voice of the people establish them as they now are." If any amendments are desirable, let the people have opportunity to make them." But this appeal to the people on this subject, is judged a crime, worthy of impeachment and removal from office; for say they, "If you had done any thing, you ought to have addressed the legislature, and yet these men have such a veneration for the people, that in their opinion, a few emigrants from a British colony, neither sovereign nor independent, because they were the people, can bind the posterity of those, who were never parties in any of their acts."
Having shown that there is no instrument, that can correctly be called a constitution of civil government, for the state of Connecticut; and that the form of existing government is such, as by no means to afford a permanent security to the political happiness and tranquility of the people; it seems to follow as a dictate of prudence, that a wise people ought early to correct such known defects in their government. But last objections should arise on the ground of the existence of a spirit of party in this state, it may be necessary to make some observations, tending to show that the present is not an unfavorable time, to enter upon this important work. Those who, notwithstanding the clear proofs to the contrary, still insist that we have a constitution; or notwithstanding the absurdity of the idea, still believe that our form of government is good enough, will never be at a loss for plausible objections against any measures which may be taken, to provide for this state, a constitution. By such, every situation of society will be called a ferment, or quiet repose. Either of these situations afford, in their view, equal objections to a reform in government. In England, every proposition that has proceeded from her patriots, for reforming the most corrupt abuses that ever disgraced the name of a free government, has ever been rejected by those who feel an interest in the existence of these corruptions. If the proposition be made in time of war, the objectors say, "this is a very bad time to consider of this subject, our whole attention ought to be engaged in providing ways and means to annoy our enemy." If it be made in time of peace, the advocates are thus addressed—"Do you not see the people in perfect repose, each one under his own vine and fig tree, enjoying unparalleled prosperity under the present government? why will you convulse the nation by such an ill-timed proposition. Surely such conduct does not prove your patriotism. Let the people enjoy some quiet after their laborious
wars; seek a more favorable opportunity for your proposed reformation." Thus devoted England must ever adhere to her corrupt government.
This state, 'tis true, is in a ferment, but not in war. This ferment seems to have been greatly increased, by calling the attention of the people to the subject of the constitution. We will not impute to any class of men base motives, in their endeavors to excite this ferment, we only observe, that those men who are opposed to the Constitution, have it in their power at any time to excite a similar, or even a greater ferment. If this be now admitted to be a sufficient objection against considering the subject of a constitution, we never shall have a constitution; for causes will never be wanting which may give rise to the same objection. How, fellow citizens, are you to get a constitution, unless you exert yourselves? do you expect that it will create, and introduce itself to you, imperceptibly? if you wish for a constitution, without attending to the subject yourselves, let government alone, never attend freemans meetings, and you will soon find a smooth despotic calm.—But if you wish for a constitution which shall receive your approbation, inform yourselves on the subject, consult each other, and let your opposers, if they please call your consultations a ferment; in their view, every freemans meeting is a ferment.
Republicans, while composing an apparent minority in this state have called your attention to the subject of a constitution, and urged you to take measures, thus to secure to yourselves the perpetual enjoyment of civil and religious liberty. Federalists, while they think they constitute a large majority of the state, have endeavored to treat our solicitations with contempt, and to convince you, that while they are in power, you need no walls nor bulwarks to preserve your liberty. Are you, fellow-citizens, satisfied with such treatment. Does it not convince you, that federalists dare not trust you to make a constitution for yourselves? can you be at a loss for the cause of this? do they know that under a constitution, the same men could not be forever secure in the same offices which accumulate all the powers of government and the control of elections? do they not know that a constitution would enable every one who reads, to see and understand every departure in rulers, from that which is calculated to subserve the interests and liberty of the people? do they not know that a constitution would enable you to distinguish every act which is made for selfish purposes, and not for the common good? do they not know that that constitution you should approve, would give them no better chance for promotion, than others of equal merit? these things they know full well—
Hence they have summoned to their aid, the whole long chapter of "the deceptive arts of demagogues," to prevail upon you, to put yourselves under their unlimited controul. Hence their servile flatteries. Hence you are often told, that you are the wisest and most enlightened people on earth; that your ancestors were the most pious and god-like men that ever lived; that you are so wise that your government will go on well enough without a constitution.
These things may tickle your vanity; they may even be believed by some of you, when applied to himself—but is there one of you, who believes them true when applied to a neighbour?—We will not flatter you fellow citizens; we do not think you so wise as you are represented to be, but you are honest, and your honesty by inducing you to expect too much honesty from others, has subjected you to impositions. You will right to take place; you will your rulers to be honest; in this we heartily concur with you; but our wishes are not such, as to compel us to believe what we will. If you are as wise as you are flatteringly told you are, manifest your wisdom by declaring, that you will have a constitution.
In the foregoing parts of this address, we have undertaken to shew that the word constitution, when applied to the arbitrary and hereditary governments of Europe, has been used in a very different sense from that understood by the people of the United States, when applied to our own government; what a constitution is, and how made in a free government; and that we have none in this state that answers to our description.
We have shown that the supreme power of this state, which includes in it the power of making and altering constitutions at pleasure, is vested in the
people thereof; that no act or instrument deserves the name of constitution, unless it be adopted by this supreme power; that we have no such act or instrument; that we have no constitutional restraints, which can prevent the legislature from passing the most arbitrary and tyrannical laws, from judging of the same laws, and from executing their judgments; that our whole basis of government depends on statute laws, which are made by and are repealable at the pleasure of the legislature; that our government is defective in its form and organization; that the accumulation of the legislative, executive and judiciary powers, is in the hands of the governor and council; that eminent writers have declared, that a government thus constructed, is an unsafe, tyrannical government; that in a government like this, the most essential rights of a free people may be laid prostrate to the will of those, who have this concentration of powers; that the power of the legislature is coextensive with their sovereign will and pleasure; that the right of suffrage may be rendered of little service, in a government thus formed and organized; that in such a government the voice of honest complaint may be ever stifled by the hand of power; that if good men have hitherto governed, it can afford no security for the future; that all these evils can be thoroughly remedied only by a constitution, and that to provide this remedy, we may never have a more favorable time than the present.
Fellow-Citizens,
I here present to your view a case, which claims your candid and unprejudiced examination. More than two hundred men being assembled at New-Haven, declared that in their opinion, this state had no constitution of civil government. Among these were William Judd, Jabez H. Tomlinson, Agur Judson, Hezekiah Goodrich, and N. Manning esqrs. justices of the peace, who for having expressed and published this opinion, have been impeached and removed from office by the general assembly.
People of Connecticut,
You are either sovereign or you are subjects. If in Connecticut there is a class of beings, higher than the people, then are you the subjects of such beings; and to know their will and to obey it, is your only service and duty. But if the supreme power of the state is in the people, and they and they only have the right to make and alter their constitutions, have they not a right to express their opinion on any part of the subject respecting constitutions? If the whole people have this right, have not any part of them, or any individual the same right? If two hundred have not this right, why should two thousand have it? And if two thousand have not this right, why should twenty thousand, or even a majority have it? Have we in Connecticut arrived to this, that the sovereignty of the people is denied? Or are men, holding offices, to be impeached for addressing the sovereign people, on a subject that immediately concerns the sovereignty? Are we now to be told, that it is a crime to address the people on the subject of a constitution? And that we ought to have addressed the legislature, when the very object of a constitution is to define and limit the powers of the legislature?
Fellow Citizens,
Are you ready to decide? What further do you wait for? Do you expect that the legislature will call on you to limit and define their powers? Or do you think yourselves safe while under their unlimited control? Do you imagine that our civil offices will ever be filled with better federal men, than at present? Do you expect that our government will grow more favorable for you, or even continue for years to come as favorable as it now is? Do you not on the contrary know, that every institution, depending upon the fluctuating passions of men, is continually liable to corruption? Do you not derive sufficient proof of this from the histories of all those people, who have neglected to separate the great branches of government? If you expect to receive any assistance on this subject from men now in power, you will be deceived.
In every part of this address, it has been my wish to avoid calling in question the motives of the measures of the legislature. To their own matter they must stand or fall. For me it is sufficient, that motives and measures wholly opposed to them, appear inseparable from the rights and condition of a free people. In these pages it has been my aim to avoid any charge of dishonesty on those, who differ from me. Many of them are honest; they were torrid in
the war time, and are still so, consistently. Those of them who dislike our revolution and the union of the states, who disbelieve in the principles of liberty, and in the sovereignty of the people, and who are resolved to believe that a republican government cannot be supported, may be very honest in their motives and measures; but their honesty and mine must lead to very different issues. In addressing the people, my object has been to lead their attention to a conception of their own sovereignty, regardless of those arts, by which the few in every country and in every state are endeavouring to lord it over the many; arts, which with us, can never be defeated, without a constitution of civil government.
People of Connecticut,
An earlier season of life, or a better state of health, would have enabled me to communicate my thoughts to you on this important subject, in a more impressive manner.
During many years I have exercised the office of a justice. Within that time my best days were devoted to the cause of my country in the field, to secure to you, and myself, and to our children, the sovereign rank of freemen. I have lived to rejoice in the election and administration of President Jefferson—and at the very eve of his re-election am removed from office, for having joined more than two hundred of my brethren in a declaration, that this state has no constitution of civil government, a declaration, with which I could conscientiously close my breath. The words used by me were, according to their usual import, undeniably true. No man believes that the old agreement of 1629, or the charter, or the bill of rights, or the statute law book, contains what is called a constitution by the people of the United States. But if our legislature chose to call such things constitutions, was I never to know their opinion, except through the medium of an impeachment?
To me, removal from office is no punishment; but to the people of this state and to those who are soon to take our places, it is important to settle the point, whether laws, which like clouds, to be floated by every wind, are to be called a constitution; and whether the legislature has power to punish for opinions on a subject, where no danger could arise, provided the opinions were demonstrably ill-founded.
Next to self-evident truth, is our declaration, that this state has no constitution of civil government. Hence is all the danger, and if you are ready to sanction the removal of men for such declarations, be it my consolation, that you have no power over the mind, & that there is an infinitely wise tribunal, which will hereafter decide without prejudice or passion, and from whose decisions there is no appeal to party or power.
National Intelligencer.
REPORT.
In obedience to the directions of the act, supplementary to the act, intituled "An act to establish the Treasury Department," the Secretary of the Treasury respectfully submits the following
REPORT AND ESTIMATES— REVENUE.
THE net revenue, arising from duties on merchandise and tonnage, which accrued during the year 1802, and on which the estimates of last year were predicated, amounted, as will appear by the statement (A,) to ten millions one hundred and fifty-four thousand dollars. The net revenue, arising from the same source, which accrued during the year 1803, has amounted, as appears by the same statement, to eleven millions three hundred and six thousand dollars. And it is ascertained that the net revenue which accrued during the three first quarters of the year 1804, considerably exceeds that of the corresponding quarters of the year 1803. Without drawing any inference from the increase of the present year, an increase which must be ascribed to the situation of Europe, and will eventually be diminished by subsequent re-exportations; that branch of the revenue may, exclusively of the Mediterranean fund, be lastly estimated at ten millions seven hundred and thirty thousand dollars; which is the average of the two years 1802 and 1803. The actual payments in the treasury on account of those duties, during the year
ending on the 30th September last, amount nearly to the same sum; (a) and there is no reason to suppose that the receipts of the ensuing will fall short of those of last year.
The statement (B) exhibits, in detail, the several species of merchandise and other sources, from which that revenue was collected during the year 1803.
It also appears that the revenue, arising from the sales of public lands, is gradually increasing. The statement (C) shews that, exclusively of the September sales at Cincinnati, three hundred and fourteen thousand acres have been sold during the year ending on the 30th of September last. The proceeds of those sales, calculated on the supposition that every purchaser will be entitled to the discount allowed in case of prompt payment, would yield five hundred and fifteen thousand dollars. And notwithstanding the difficulties which exist, in drawing into the treasury the monies collected by the receivers of the remote land offices, it is believed that the actual receipts from that source, will, for the ensuing year, exceed four hundred and fifty thousand dollars.
The permanent revenue of the United States, may therefore, including the duties on postage and other small incidental branches, be computed at eleven millions two hundred thousand dollars.
And the payments in the treasury during the year 1805, on account of the temporary duties which constitute the "Mediterranean Fund" are estimated at five hundred and fifty thousand dollars; making in the whole, for the probable receipts of that year, a sum of eleven millions seven hundred and fifty thousand Dollars, 11,750,000
EXPENDITURES.
The expenses of the year 1805, which must be defrayed out of that revenue, consist of the following items:
 1. The annual appropriation of eight millions of dollars for the payment of the principal and interest of the public debt; of which near 3,700,000 dollars will be applicable to the discharge of the principal, and the residue to the payment of interest, 8,000,000  2. For the civil department and all domestic expenses of a civil nature, including military pensions, the light house and mint establishments, and the expenses of surveying public lands, 952,000  3. For expenses incident to the intercourse with foreign nations, including the payment of awards under the 7th article of the British treaty, and the permanent appropriation for Algiers, 294,000  4. For the military and Indian departments, including the permanent appropriation for certain Indian tribes, 954,000  5. For the naval establishment, viz. annual appropriation charged to the ordinary revenue, 650,000 Extra. expenses of the last expedition against Tripoli, which will be payable in the year 1805, and are chargeable to the Mediterranean fund, 590,000 1,240,000  6. Reserved out of the Mediterranean fund for meeting other extraordinary expenses which may be incurred under the act constituting the fund, 100,000  Making altogether 11,540,000 eleven millions five hundred and forty thousand dollars, and deducted from the revenue of 11,750,000 Leaves a surplus of more than two hundred thousand dollars, 210,000
MEDITERRANEAN FUND.
The sum which may probably be received during the year 1805, on account of that fund, and the payments during a 10,729,708 dollars and 54 cents.

that year, which will ultimately be charged to the fund, are included in the preceding estimate of receipts and expenditures; but it is necessary to give a distinct view of the whole amount of revenue and expenses under that head.
The value of merchandise, paying duties, ad valorem, which was imported in the year 1802, amounts, after deducting the exportations of the same year, to thirty-one millions seven hundred and six thousand dollars. The value of the same description of merchandise imported in the year 1803, amounts to thirty-four millions three hundred and seventy thousand dollars. The additional duty of two and a half per cent. on that description of imported articles, constitutes the Mediterranean Fund, and calculated on the average importations of the two years, would have yielded annually eight hundred and twenty-six thousand dollars. But several articles which, in the years 1802 and 1803, paid duties ad valorem, having, in lieu thereof, been charged with specific duties, by an act of last session, are not liable to the additional duty of two and a half per cent. Although the value of those articles cannot be precisely ascertained, it is believed that the deduction on that account will not amount to fifty thousand dollars, and that the proceeds of the additional duty may be computed at the annual sum of seven hundred and eighty thousand dollars; and for the eighteen months commencing on the 1st July 1804, and ending on the 31st December, 1805, at one million one hundred and seventy thousand dollars.
The expenses authorized under the act constituting the fund have been predicated on that estimate, and apportioned in the following manner.
 1. For the navy department (in addition to the annual appropriation of 650,000 dollars) viz:  The sum had been advanced from the ordinary revenue, prior to the 30th Sept. 1804, 350,000  A further payment will be made before the 1st January, 1805, of 130,000  To be paid during the year 1805, on account of this fund, as stated under the fifth item of expenditures for that year, 590,000  1,070,000    2. Reserved for other extraordinary expenses which may be incurred for the same object, being the sixth item of expenditures for the year 1805, 100,000  1,170,000
Those duties began to operate on the 1st day of July last, but as they are payable six, eight, nine, ten, and twelve months after the importation, no part will be paid in the treasury during the present year; and a sum of only 550,000 dollars, is expected to be received in the course of the year 1805. For that sum only credit has been taken in the general estimate of receipts for that year; whilst a part of the 1,170,000 dollars, chargeable to the fund, has already been expended; and the rest is included in the preceding estimate of expenses for 1805. The difference amounting to 620,000 dollars, will, at the end of next year, consist of outstanding bonds payable in 1806; and if the additional duty should, as well as the extraordinary expense for which it is appropriated, cease at that time, that outstanding balance will, as it is collected, replace in the treasury the sum advanced from the ordinary revenues in anticipation of the proceeds of the fund. For it is hoped that the situation of the treasury will render it unnecessary to recur to the authority, given by the act, to borrow on the credit of the fund.
Balance in the Treasury. The greater part of the balance of 5,860,981 dollars and 54 cents, which on the 30th day of September, 1805, remained in the treasury, was, in the last year's report, considered as applicable to the payment of certain extraordinary demands therein stated. As no payment has been made on that account during last year, besides the first instalment of eight hundred and eighty-eight thousand dollars, due to Great Britain, nor any other extraordinary expenses been discharged than the advance of 350,000 dollars, in anticipation of the Mediterranean fund, the balance remaining in the treasury on the 30th of September, 1804, still amounted to 4,882,225 dollars and 11 cents. That sum, together with the estimated surplus of revenue for the year 1805, the sum advanced from the ordinary revenue to the Mediterranean fund, and the arrears of direct tax and internal revenues, may still be considered as sufficient to discharge the balance of 1,776,000 dollars, due to Great Britain, the loan of 200,000 dollars, due to Maryland, and two millions of dollars, on
account of the American claims assumed by the French convention. As the greater part of those demands will be paid in the course of the year 1805, the balance will not probably at the end of that year exceed the sum which it is always expedient to retain in the treasury.
Public Debt. It appears by the estimate (D) that the payments on account of the principal of the public debt have, during the year ending on the 30th of September last, amounted to 3,652,887 15
And during the three years and an half, commencing on the 1st day of April, 1801, and ending on the 30th September, 1804, to 13,576,891 86 During the same period a new debt of thirteen millions of dollars has been created by the purchase of Louisiana, viz: Dollars.
Six per cent. stock, issued in conformity with the convention, 11,250,000 Amount of American claims assumed by the convention, and for the payment of which authority has been given to obtain a loan; two millions thereof being already provided for, out of the surplus specie in the treasury, 1,750,000 13,000,000
Another view of the subject may be given in the following manner; the balance in the treasury amounted, on the 1st day of April 1801, to 1,794,044 85 And on the 30th of Sept. 1804, to 4,882,225 11
Making an increase of 3,088,180 26 From which deducting the proceeds of the sales of the bank shares, 1,287 606
Leaves for the increase arising from the ordinary revenue, 1,800,580 26 From the 1st day of April, 1801, to the 30th Sept. 1804, the following debts which originated prior to that period have been discharged.   1. Payment on account of the domestic and foreign debt, as above stated, 13,576,891 86  2. First instalment of the sum payable to Great Britain "in satisfaction and discharge of the money which the United States might have been liable to pay in pursuance of the provisions of the sixth article of the treaty of 1794." 888,000   14,464,891 86
Making altogether, 16,265,472 12 And from which deducting fifteen millions, 15,000,000 being the purchase money of Louisiana, leaves 1,265,472 12
a difference of more than twelve hundred thousand dollars in favor of the United States. It may be added that if the revenue shall, during the ensuing year, prove, as is not improbable, more productive than has been estimated, the surplus will be applied towards the payment of the above mentioned sum of 1,750,000 dollars, yet unprovided for, on account of the American claims, and will so far diminish the amount of the loan authorized for that object.
From the preceding statements & estimates, it results that the United States have, during the period of three years and an half, ending on the 30th Sept. 1804, discharged a larger amount of the principal of their old debt, than the whole amount of the new debt, which has been or may be created in consequence of the purchase of Louisiana; and that their existing & growing resources will, during the ensuing year, be sufficient, after defraying the current expenses of the year, and paying more than 3,750,000 dollars, on account of the engagements resulting from the French and British conventions, to discharge a further sum of near three millions and seven hundred thousand dollars, of the principal of the public debt.
All which is respectfully submitted. ALBERT GALLATIN, Secretary of the Treasury. TREASURY DEPARTMENT, November 19th, 1804.
The Secretary of the Treasury respectfully reports to the House of Representatives of the United States. THAT for the service of the year 1805, the following appropriations, as
detailed in the estimate herewith transmitted, appear to be necessary.
For the Civil list, or the support of government, including the contingent expenses of the several departments and offices, sundry expenses incident to the assessment of the direct tax, and the civil expenses of the territory of Orleans, Dollars. Cts. 611,911 50
For Miscellaneous Expenses, viz: For the payment of grants & annuities, 1,500 For military pensions, 98,000 For the support of the mint establishment, 9,400 For the support of light houses, beacons, buoys, & public piers, and other establishments for the security of navigation, including six months additional supply of oil to the several light houses, 126,776 53 For defraying the expenses of surveying the public lands in the territories of Indiana & Mississippi, 40,000 For defraying the expenses of the second census, 14,162 77 For the purchase and erection of wharves and stores under the quarantine law, 17,143 01 (The two last sums being the unexpected balances of former appropriations.) For satisfying miscellaneous claims, 4,000 510,982 31
For the Expenses of Intercourse with Foreign Nations, viz: For the diplomatic department, 77,050 For the expenses incident to the intercourse with the Barbary powers, 113,500 For the payment of awards under the 7th article of the British treaty, 70,000 For aid to distressed seamen in foreign countries, 5,000 For prosecuting claims in relation to captures, 4,000 269,550
For the Military Establishment, viz: For the army, including expenses of transportation and contingent expenses, 711,122 83 For fortifications arsenals, magazines, and armories, 133,296 88 For the Indian department, 92,600 For the pay and emoluments of the commanding officers of the five districts of upper Louisiana, 5,971 77 942,992 48
For the Naval Establishment, viz: For the expenses of six frigates, two brigs, and three schooners in actual service, 743,688 64 For the crew of the frigate 'Philadelphia,' 71,340 76 For the expenses of two gun boats in actual service, 22,078 92 For the repairs and expenses of the vessels in ordinary, including the half pay of the officers not in actual service, 228,957 10 For the support of the marine corps, 110,434 58 For improving
navy yards, docks, and wharves, 60,000 For completing the marine barracks, 3,500 1,240,000 Dollars, 3,375,435 29
Amounting in the whole to three millions three hundred and seventy five thousand four hundred and thirty five dollars and twenty nine cents.
The funds out of which appropriations may be made for the purposes before mentioned, are,
First, The sum of six hundred thousand dollars of the proceeds of duties on imports and tonnage, which will accrue in the year 1805, which sum is by law annually reserved for the support of government.
Secondly, The surplus of the proceeds of the additional duty of two and an half per cent. ad valorem laid on certain description of imported merchandise, by the act "further to protect the commerce and seamen of the United States against the Barbary powers," which may accrue to the end of the year 1805, after satisfying the expenses already incurred on the credit of that fund.
Thirdly, The surplus of the revenue and income of the United States which may accrue to the end of the year 1805, after satisfying the objects for which appropriations have been heretofore made.
The Secretary also transmits a statement of the receipts and expenditures of the United States for the year prior to the 1st of October last, being the latest period to which an account can be prepared.
All which is respectfully submitted. ALBERT GALLATIN, Secretary of the Treasury. TREASURY DEPARTMENT, November 17th, 1804.
For the NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE. Tontines are little understood in the United States, though long known in most countries of the old world. Their principle is, that the surviving adventurers bear the stock of those who die, and of course want no worldly provision. In general their basis is money, to be invested in something that will yield interest—or stock, already producing it. Sometimes the interest is annually divided: Sometimes it accumulates, to be divided with the capital, at the period agreed on for dissolution.
A Tontine on the basis of six per cent stock of the United States, the interest to be divided annually, and the capital in 20 years would be on a par with the best of the European Tontines, and upon the hypothesis that only one third of the stock-holders would survive 20 years, would give six per cent. interest the first year, which would increase every year, and amount to about 18 per cent. towards the last—and on the dissolution of the institution each 100 dollars stock, would be worth about 300 dollars.
The Washington Tontine, the basis of which is a rising property, must do infinitely more than this. If it be true, as is asserted, and surely the assertion would not be so confidently made if not true that the Tontine lots, are generally amongst those in the city most likely to be early improved—that their prices are lower than such lots usually sell for improvement, and considerably lower than any judicious and wealthy proprietor will now sell lots in the same squares; then indeed it will be difficult for men of ordinary minds, to raise up their ideas to the vast advantages to flow from an institution so constituted. To say that it will give four per cent interest the first year a dividend is made; that the dividends will increase to 100 per cent towards the last, and that then each 100 dollars of surviving stock will be worth 2000—would be but to speak on the lowest scale of its probable profits. If selected property in the city of Washington, rises in 20 years to half the present prices of property in all our large towns, then will this institution afford much greater results than these.
In sober reason, what may not be expected from the rise of selected property in Washington in 20 years? In Washington, at once the seat of government for the United States, and the nearest seaport to a country more extensive, more populous, and more productive in articles of export, than belongs to any other seaport. Who that can combine two ideas, but must perceive that when each European nation shall require back from the United States that portion of its trade, which the war has thrown into our hands, and thus deprive us of the whole carrying trade—Who I say of common discernment, but must perceive in this state of things, that each seaport will flourish in proportion to the quantity of products it is entitled to receive from the country, and to the demand for country consumption, that nature has destined it to supply. Washington cannot be commercial while the trade of America is the carrying trade. No place will be so flourishing in commerce, when the trade of America depends solely upon our own
productions a d our own wants.—Such will be our trade, when England is at peace, and not before.
This institution is well calculated to afford to persons at a distance from the seat of government, a participation in the advantages to result from the certain great rise of property, which, in the nature of things must be experienced in a place so highly favored by natural, and artificial advantages. They can by means of this stock, reap all the benefits of this rise without the trouble and expense of their own attention. The business of the Tontine will be managed by directors of their own appointment, in the same manner that the affairs of banks are conducted. To persons residing in, or near the city, this Tontine is an object of still greater interest—One hundred dollars laid out for a child in the funds of the United States, or in a bank, may be just 100 dollars 20 years hence, when luxury may have increased the expense of living two or three fold—one hundred dollars given to a child in this institution, will be 2000. It is by means of institutions like this, founded upon real estate, or by purchase of real estate that will rise in value in proportion to the increase of luxury and extravagance that children will be able to maintain the rank in society their parents enjoyed. But this institution has a great advantage over the purchase of real estate, in this—real estate in a different form, will require the attention of the owner to make it productive. This will grow while he sleeps, or devotes himself to other pursuits.
PLAIN TRUTH. WASHINGTON CITY. WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 28.
We have the satisfaction of announcing the official result of the Massachusetts election for Electors. The votes given in the several counties are as follows:
   Counties of Repub. Federal.     Plymouth, 2033 1186   Bristol, 1729 1137   Berkshire, 2146 1520   Norfolk, 2031 980   Kennebec, 1813 931   Hancock, 701 470   York, 1928 356   Suffolk, 1585 2298   Essex, 3194 3060   Middlesex, 3636 1646   Worcester, 2943 3770   Hampshire, 2547 5129   Cumberland, 1171 1321   Lincoln, 1070 980   Barnstable, Dukes county & Nantucket, } 950 549   29487 23833   25833  
Repub. majority 3654 About 750 republican votes were lost from informal returns. The bona fide majority therefore exceeds the foregoing.
The entire representation to Congress is composed of the following gentlemen, ten republican and seven federal.
Republican —Joseph B. Varnum, Phoebe B. Bishop, Richard Curtis, Ebenezer Seaver, J. Crowningshield, *Orchard Cook, *Joseph Barker, *Isaiah L. Green, *Barn. Bidwell, *John Chandler. Federal —Percy Wadsworth, Samuel Taggart, Seth Hastings, Wm. Stedman, *Josiah Quincy, *Wm. Ely, *Jerem. Nelson.
*New members. CONGRESS. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES.
MONDAY, NOVEMBER 26. The Speaker laid before the House the following letter received by the Clerk.
Salem, (Mass.) U. S. A. 16 Nov. 1804.
Sir, I have received with every sentiment of gratitude, the notice of the late appointment as Chaplain to the House of Representatives at Washington: the highest sense of the honor done me, and the most sincere affection to the administration of government in the United States urge my acceptance, but the nature of my habits and my present employments and engagements oblige me to ask that I may be permitted to continue my services to my country in the sincere duties which belong to my present situation, while I shall never forget the testimony of public favor, and never refuse to my country my best endeavours for its freedom and happiness. I am with due respect, Your devoted servant, WILLIAM BENTLEY. John Beckley, Esq. Clerk's Office of the House of Representatives of the U. States.

The petition of Benjamin Emmons as agent of six associates in Vermont, praying for a grant of land in Louisiana, for settlement, which was postponed at the last session, was called up.
Mr. Elliot moved its reference to a select committee.
Mr. Nicholson thought it ought to go to the committee appointed on that part of the President's message which relates to the amelioration of the government of Louisiana, and asked if such a motion would be in order?
The Speaker said that both committees must be considered as select ones, and Mr. Elliot insisting on his motion, it was put and carried by a great majority, and a committee of seven appointed, viz.
Messrs. Elliot, Clapton, Whitehill, Heflin, Palmer, Winton, and Butler.
Mr. Elliot presented the petition of Timothy Phelps, of Marlboro' in the state of Vermont, stating—That he was commissioned by the government of New York, in 1782, as sheriff of the county of Cumberland in said state, now a part of Vermont, that while exercising the duties of that station, he was attacked and arrested under the assumed authority of Vermont, his personal property plundered, his real estate confiscated, and himself banished and forbidden to return on pain of death. That a statement of his wrongs and situation was made to Congress, convened at Philadelphia, in December, 1782, which body, after recognising his case and that of others similarly circumstanced, passed resolutions, requiring full and ample restitution to be made to the sufferers, and that they should not be molested on their return, and pledging the faith of the United States that effectual measures should be taken to enforce a compliance with those resolutions. That, with these resolutions in his hand, the petitioner did return, and that the persons thus exercising the authority of Vermont, did not only disregard them, but imprisoned him for the space of five months, which added the loss of health to all his other sufferings; and submitting the justice of his claim for remuneration, to "The representatives of a great, free, and prosperous Republic."
Referred to the committee of Claims. Several petitions from Alexandria were read against Congress making any alteration in their charter at present.
Referred to the committee appointed on that subject.
The petition of George Ball, a lieutenant in the twelfth Pennsylvania regiment, who was wounded in 1777, and has never been cured and in the opinion of competent judges never will; praying relief.
Referred to the committee of Claims.
A message from the president informing that he had approved and signed the act making further appropriation for carrying into effect the British convention. A message from the Senate announcing their concurrence in the joint resolve in relation to captain Decatur, officers and crew.
The bill declaring the assent of Congress to the act of North Carolina, respecting lands in Tennessee went through the committee of the whole, and was ordered to be engrossed for a third reading to-morrow.
The bill for the more effectual preservation of peace in the ports and harbors of the United States, and in the waters under their jurisdiction, went to the committee of the whole Mr. Dawson in the chair.
The first section authorises the President and other proper officers to call in the aid of the Militia, Regular troops or armed vessels to execute civil process upon offenders who take refuge on board foreign armed vessels.
On motion of Mr. Nicholson, any commanding officer refusing to obey a requisition to this effect was subjected to a fine not exceeding 5000 dollars.
Mr. R. Griswold, observing in the latter part of the first section, the words "and if death ensues on either side those who are concerned in support of the civil authority, shall be justified, and those engaged in resisting shall be punished as in cases of homicide committed in resisting a civil officer," wished to know what the punishment should be, as he did not recollect that Congress had heretofore ever made any law on this point, or perhaps it was intended to be punished under the State laws where the cases should arise; in the latter mode the punishment, would not be equal, for some states punished this offence with more severity, others more mildly. As this was a penal law he thought that great precision was expedient, so as to leave as little latitude as possible for construction.
Mr. Nicholson remarked that Homicide committed in resisting a civil officer did not stand in their statute book; but the law of 1789, defining crimes and punishments in the exclusive territory of the United States, its forts, and arsenals, made provision for punishing man-slaughter; he would agree to strike out the first and insert the last, and then the punishment would be uniform for crimes of the same species viz. three years imprisonment and 1000 dollars fine.
Mr. Nelson was sorry to differ from his colleague (Mr. N.) on this point,
but he could not view the killing-punishment of fine and imprisonment, any wise adequate to the crime.—Shall the murder of your officer in the execution of the duties of his office be commuted for fine and imprisonment?—You fine your militia officer 5000 dollars for not going upon this service, and the man who kills him in resisting your process is fined 1000 dollars and imprisoned for three years. I should certainly recommend something more commensurate to the offence.
Mr. Nicholson remarked that Homicide, happening in resisting a civil officer, was not considered in the bill as murder; of course the punishment of death was not the proper one, whether three years imprisonment and 1000 dollars fine was exactly what the punishment ought to be, he would not undertake to say. That however is the punishment to be inflicted on our own Citizens upon the commission of man-slaughter. But Gentlemen should remember that fine and imprisonment is not the only punishment to which such criminals would be liable—upon their arrest they are delivered over to be dealt with according to law. He should have had no objection to let the punishment remain as it stood under the several states, but that he considered they were in a considerable degree unequal. The punishment in Maryland was different from that in New York he believed, but he was certain that it was milder in Pennsylvania. The punishment by death might defeat the object of justice; it being more than the offence deserved, Juries would be inclined to mercy and acquit the criminal, in order to avoid taking his life upon their consciences. Liberty being one of the most desirable things on earth tends, in some degree to justify, and if not to justify at least diminish the offence, as flowing from the principle of self-defence.
Mr. Nelson would briefly state the case, and then he trusted his worthy friend would be of his opinion. They seemed to differ more about words than things. Man-slaughter was a half killing upon a sudden affray; this, it is true, was never punished with death, either here or in England; but murder was a deliberate killing with malice prepense, and in case such killing takes place in demanding an offender from on board an armed vessel and murder excuses, surely the party ought to suffer the punishment of a murderer.—The crime of murder is not defined in any of the United States statutes; neither in Maryland, nor perhaps in the laws of any state in the Union; how then are we to come at the description of this offence, or distinguish it from man-slaughter, but by a reference to the common and statute laws of England, from which we have borrowed all our legal definitions. Look into all the elementary writers on criminal law, and you will find that the crime of murder is aggravated when a civil officer is killed in the execution of his official duties by a person maliciously opposing the course of legal jurisdiction, and as a punishment he is deprived of life, as a person unworthy of being any longer a member of society, and the clause in the bill contemplates the apportioning of the punishment to this description of Homicide, man-slaughter, or murder; call it which you will, the effect is the same, and you must support your officers in the execution of their duty or your laws will be without support.
Mr. Early. The observation made by the gentleman from Maryland who has just sit down (Mr. Nelson) struck my mind very forcibly as deserving serious consideration; upon turning to the law of 1789 for the government of our forts, arsenals, &c. where the United States enjoy exclusive jurisdiction, I find that there is provision made as well for the case of murder as of man-slaughter; now with a view to make our penal law correspond throughout, I would suggest to the gentleman engaged in the discussion, whether it would not be as well to strike out all the words from "resisting" in the thirty-eighth line to the end of the period, and insert in their place the following, "and in case such killing amounts to murder, it shall be punished with death—and in case such killing is only man-slaughter, then such offender shall be imprisoned not exceeding 3 years, and fined not exceeding 1000 dollars."
Mr. Rodney observed, that when a death ensues in the case mentioned by the bill it must be murder.—In ordinary cases between man and man, and death ensues by killing, it might be either murder or man-slaughter. Where are we to resort for a meaning but as has been said, to the common law, as a known standard, uniform and inviolable.—The decisions in the courts of the several states, and its laws on this head, may vary; but the common law describes each of these crimes with accuracy. The definition is founded on the fact. If I take a life by beating a man with a weapon that may naturally be expected to produce death, and death ensues, then my using such a weapon proves malice prepense, for it is an illegal weapon.—So if I resist an officer in the execution of his legal duty, and kill him in the resistance, it is also murder, for my resistance was illegal and implies malice.—Then according to the lan-
guage of this act, if death ensues, it is murder and not man-slaughter. If a man strikes another upon a sudden heat, with a stick, upon the skull, and death ensues, it is man-slaughter; but if he strikes with an iron crow-bar it is murder—the intention being inferred from the weapon. While Mr. R. urged the propriety of classing the present offence with murder, and consequently punishing its commission with death, he would not be understood as an advocate for that kind of punishment. On the contrary, he was desirous of ameliorating these severe punishments, and introducing a system that should reform the offender, and restore him, after repairing his offence, to his family and his country;—but this cannot at present be done; of course we must apply the rule of punishment as we find it to make it general and uniform.
Mr. Early, while he concurred in the general doctrine laid down by Mr. R. respecting the Common law, was not convinced that the manner in which they had been applied to this particular case was correct.—It seemed to be Mr. R.'s opinion that no other offence than murder could be committed, if death ensued in resisting the officer; without seeking far, he would adduce one case where a resistance to death would amount only to homicide. Suppose the marshal or sheriff does not conform himself in all things to the instructions of the President, or that he demeans himself improperly, and death ensues, will it be held that the resistance and its consequences amounts to murder. No certainly; but if he behaves properly, the killing is murder; hence this double provision is necessary to provide for the two cases.
(To be continued.)
TUESDAY, NOVEMBER 27. Mr. Richards from the joint committee of enrolment, made a report that the joint resolution of the two houses in relation to Captain Decatur, his officers, and crew, was found upon examination to be correct.
Mr. Hoge a new member from Pennsylvania appeared in the House and having taken the oath to support the Constitution, took his seat accordingly.
The engrossed bill declaring the assent of Congress to the act of North Carolina relating to lands in Tennessee, was read the third time passed and signed by Mr. Speaker.
On motion of Mr. Nicholson the committee of the whole on the bill for preserving peace in the ports and harbors of the United States and the waters within the jurisdiction was discharged, and the bill was recommitted to the committee that reported the same.
The petition of John Devoe who served in the Militia of New Jersey during the war, and who was wounded near Fort Lee in 1776, praying to be put on the pension list was referred to the Committee of Claims.
Mr. R. Griswold presented the petition of Daniel Eldrige, who was wounded in the attack at Groton, he is distressed and disabled also, referred to the same committee.
Mr. Crowninshield from the committee of Commerce and Manufactures reported in favor of allowing a drawback on goods exported from the United States to that port, when re-exported to a foreign country, with a bill intended for that purpose. Referred to the Committee of the whole on Friday, and in the mean time ordered to be printed.
The House proceeded to ballot for a Chaplain in the stead of the Rev. Mr. Bentley resigned. On counting the votes and a majority not being found in favor of any one candidate, the House went into a second ballot and the result was that the Rev. Mr. Parkinson was chosen having 64 votes.
Mr. J. Randolph reported from the committee of ways and means, a bill making further appropriation for the contingent fund of the house, for the current year, and a partial appropriation for the year 1805, which was read twice, went through a committee of the whole, and was ordered to be engrossed for a third reading to-morrow.
Mr. J. Lewis, from the committee on the Georgetown petition, praying to be authorised to erect a dam or causeway from Malon's island to the west side of the Potomac, reported a bill in conformity thereto, which was read a first and second time, and ordered to a committee of the whole to-morrow, and that it be printed.
Mr. J. Lewis also reported a bill to incorporate the Washington Building and Fire Company, which was twice read, and referred to a committee of the whole on Friday next, and ordered to be printed.
Adjourned.
Several articles have unavoidably been deferred to our next paper.
Notice to subscribers. The terms of the NATIONAL INTELLIGENCER requiring the annual advance of FIVE Dollars, the papers of subscribers, who shall not have have complied with this term on the FIRST day of DECEMBER, will be discontinued.
(By Authority.) Washington THEATRE. THURSDAY EVENING Nov. 9. The performance for the evening will open with a celebrated ODE to FREEDOM.
2. New comic song—Satire upon all trades. 3. The Wonderful Magic Goblets. 4th. Comic song—Nathans description of B. B. 5th. CONFEDERATE COUNTERS. This is one of Don Doyles astonishing experiments—Three persons in company are presented with a ring, seal and shell box, which they make choice of, one a piece, secretly; the performer possesses the power of telling which persons have got the different articles. 6th. PATRIOTIC SONG—Hobbins. 7th. A variety of Dettos with cards. 8th. The wonderful piece of Puzzle Wit. 9th Description of an American Tar, with the favourite song America, Commerce and Freedom.
After which, will be presented A pleasing Medley of entertainments. Comprising the rich productions of art and ingenuity. By the wonderful Group of Artificial Comedians, three feet and a half high, will be presented the much admired piece of PA RICK'S RETURN: OR, THE MERRY HUMOURS OF DARBY. TO WHICH WILL BE ADDED, A COLLECTION OF RICH AND COMIC FIGURES. The evening's entertainments will conclude with an ingenious piece of Machinery, displaying a Splendid Representation of A Sea Engagement. Previous to the engagement will be displayed. A Rich Spectacle of the Different Animals that inhabit the Dreary Deep, To conclude with NEPTUNE, GOD OF THE OCEAN AND HIS QUEEN. In order that all parties may have an opportunity of gratifying their curiosities, by seeing the rich productions of art and ingenuity, Mr. M. has reduced the prices of admission—Box Half a Dollar, Pit 25 Cents. The Theatre will be well provided with Roses, in the different Lobbies. N. B. Mr. M. intending shortly to sail for Europe, wishes to dispose of the whole of his Apparatus, or part, and will teach the purchaser. ** The tickets in future will be sold at the end of the Theatre, at Mr. Morrin's Mr. Smith's Printing Office, Mr. Duane's Book-Store, and Way's Printing Office.—No admission without tickets. November 26, 1804.
PUBLIC SALE. BY virtue of a decree of the circuit court of the district of Columbia for the county of Washington, in the suit of Thomas Law, against Richard Grilly, jun. defendant in Chancery, will be sold for ready money at STELLES HOTEL fronting the Capitol to the highest bidder, at public auction on Saturday the 22nd day of December next ensuing, ALL those two lots or parcels of ground situate in the city of Washington, mentioned in the bill of the complainant, together with all and singular the houses, building, improvements and appurtenances, to them or either of them belonging or appertaining, or so much thereof as shall be sufficient to raise a sum to satisfy the complainant's debts and costs and the expenses of this decree; which pieces or lots of ground are described in said decree, as follows, viz. part of square numbered seven hundred and seventy in the general plan of the city of Washington beginning for such part of the said square in the line of Canal Street at the distance of two hundred and forty-nine feet from the south west corner of the said square, and running thence forty-eight feet upon the said canal street, thence at right angles with the said street 84 feet parallel with Canal Street forty eight feet, and from thence by a straight line to the place of beginning, and part of square numbered five hundred and three in the general plan of the said city of Washington, beginning for the said part of the said square on the east line of sixth street west at the distance of one hundred and fifty-four feet, five inches, from the south west corner of the said square, and running thence with the said street forty eight feet, thence east at right angles with the said street two hundred and four feet to the west line of a sixty foot street laid out through the said square, thence north with the said sixty foot street, forty eight feet to a twenty foot alley, thence west with the said twenty foot alley two hundred and four feet to the place of beginning—The improvements are on the last mentioned lot, and consist of a two story brick house about 29 feet by 20, two rooms on a floor, a passage through the center, and cellars underneath—a wooden kitchen and entry to it and a small back shed, a yard and garden paved in—The sale will commence at 10 o'clock, A. M. DANIEL C. BRENT, Trustee. Nov. 28—1awtdoi
(By Authority.) AN ACT Making a further appropriation for carrying into effect the treaty of amity, commerce and navigation, between his Britannic Majesty and the United States of America.
BE it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America, in Congress assembled, That a sum not exceeding seventy thousand dollars, be and the same hereby is appropriated, to be paid under the direction of the President of the United States out of any monies in the treasury, not otherwise appropriated, for the purpose of carrying into effect the seventh article of the treaty of amity, commerce and navigation between his Britannic Majesty and the United States of America. NATHL. MACON, Speaker of the House of Representatives. A. BURR, Vice-President of the United States, and President of the Senate. November 24, 1804. APPROVED. TH: JEFFERSON.
APPLES, Cheese, Butter. Cod fish of a superior quality, and a few barrels of New England Cider for sale at Barry's wharf—Apply to SAML. N. SMALLWOOD. Washington, Nov. 28—
A GARDENER WANTED. ONE who is perfectly acquainted with the work of a Kitchen Garden and understands the management of fruit trees and can be well recommended, will meet with encouragement by applying to the printer.
WANTED, TWO hard working NEGRO MEN who are acquainted with all kinds of country work. It will be necessary that they bear a character of honesty, sobriety, and fidelity to business. Application to be made at this office. November 28—
IN the case of WILLIAM SHEPHERD, an insolvent debtor. ORDERED that six months from and after the first day of December next, is limited and appointed for the creditors to bring in and exhibit their claims to the trustee. It is also ordered that this notice be published in the National Intelligencer once a month prior to said day. By order of the hon. Wm. Kilty, esq. chief judge of the circuit court of the district of Columbia. URIAH FORREST, Clk. Nov. 23.
Having been appointed trustee in the above case, the creditors are required to exhibit their claims, within the limited period at my office. ROBERT W. PEACOCK. November 28—1aw6m.
In the case of JAMES KNIGHT, an insolvent debtor. ORDERED that six months from and after the first day of December next is limited and appointed for the creditors to bring in and exhibit their claims to the trustee. It is also ordered that this notice be published in the National Intelligencer once a month during said term. By order of the hon. Wm. Cranch one of the assistant judges of the circuit court of the district of Columbia. URIAH FORREST, Clk. Nov. 12—
Being appointed trustee in the above case of James Knight, I request all persons having claims to exhibit them without delay to Mr. John Moffett of George town, and all persons indebted to make immediate payment to him, or to the subscriber, or suits will be commenced. MATTHEW STEENE. November 28—1aw6m.
NOTICE. THE taxable inhabitants of Washington city and others concerned, are hereby informed that the tax on real and personal property, also the tax on Slaves and Dogs for the year 1804, must be paid to the subscriber on or before the 1st day of December next. WASHINGTON BOYD, Treasurer of Washington city.
Sec. 3. And be it enacted, That every person who shall neglect to pay his tax to the Treasurer on or before the said first day of December in each year, shall in addition thereto pay five per centum, on the amount thereof, provided the same be paid within one month thereafter, and in case the same be not then paid at the rate of three per centum for every month's further delay it being understood that at the period of payment or satisfaction therefor, any shorter period than a month beyond an entire month shall be reckoned the same as a month; provided that such penalty shall not be demandable from the residents of the county of Washington, or persons having known agents therein, unless the tax on which the same may have accrued shall have been demanded according to the provisions of this act. Oct. 3—e, 2m.
A FEW Hundred bushels of white, well burnt SHELL LIME, will be sold for cash, at 16 DOLLARS the 100 bushels, if applied for immediately, a less quantity than 100 bushels will not be sold at this price. Apply to CON. CONNINGHAM November 5— Cash will be given for WELL cleaned EARLEY.

A NUMBER OF PROPRIETORS in the city of Washington, with views to convert their property into immediate money, have formed the following PLAN of a TONTINE; and have appointed the subscriber their agent for carrying the same into execution.
A list of the lots embarked in this enterprise precedes the plan of the institution. Plats of the city on which these lots will be designated, will be lodged at the several taverns in Washington and George Town, for public inspection; and books will be opened in the city for receiving subscriptions of shares, on the 1st day of December ensuing. Should books be opened elsewhere, due notice will be given thereof. Payment must be made for the shares at the time of subscribing; but if contrary to reasonable expectation, a sufficient number of shares should not be subscribed for the execution of the scheme, the money shall be faithfully returned to the subscribers, without unnecessary delay.
The Constitution of the Tontine is so plain as need explanatory remarks. The basis of the institution being a right property rated on a very low scale, the advantages must be greater than could result from a mere money institution. It seems indeed more than probable, that each stockholder who survives the dissolution of the Company, will find the value of his stock augmented twenty fold, or more. If any think that this favours of extravagance, let them advert to the increased value of unimproved property in any of our large towns, during the last 20 years. Let them compare with the prices of the Tontine lots, those of the most indifferent property in any of these towns, now. It will not be contended that any town in the United States had, 20 years ago, fairer prospects of rapid increase, than Washington has at this day. The fact will not be disputed, that the Tontine Lots are generally amongst the most valuable in Washington.
The feat of government for such a country as the United States, cannot long remain an inconsiderable city. But Washington has an advantage more important than even this. It is the nearest sea-port to that country, which may be justly denominated the granary of America.
A plan of this kind formed 20 years ago on the basis of unimproved property in Baltimore or even in Georgetown would have yielded to the surviving adventurers of this day, a profit of forty if not an hundred fold.
In May 1800, Washington contained 3200 inhabitants—In May 1803, 4350—The number now exceeds 5000. In the same ratio of progressive increase, the population in 1807 will be 6500—in 1810, 8800—in 1813, 11800—in 1815, 15800—in 1819, 21000—in 1822, 28000—and in 1825, 33000—Men of sense, who examine the situation of the Tontine lots, will perceive that the whole of them must be in demand for improvement before the population rises to 20,000. From the time, happen when it will, that our commerce shall principally depend upon our own productions, and our own consumption; the increase of the city will be infinitely more rapid. The resources of the country attached to it by nature, are now equal to the maintenance of 60,000 souls in the city. These resources, diverted at this time into many different channels, will be confined almost exclusively to Washington, when Europe shall be at peace, and each maritime nation can carry for itself.
The usual mode of selling lots in our large towns is by the front foot—in Washington on the mode is by the square foot. At the highest price in this plan, a lot of 25 feet by 120 will be 240 dollars.—the lowest price, 60 dollars.—in squares where there are alleys, a trifle more.
The whole property leased out at 3s per front foot, would pay more than 6 per cent. interest on the capital.
BEN. STODDERT.
The following lots in the city of Washington are those engaged for the Washington Tontine.
Lots number 1 2 in sq 47 lots 1 6 in 48 lots 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 16 17 18 in 67 lots 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 in 68 lots 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 in 517 at 2 cents per square foot.
Lots 6 19 in 70 lots 15 19 in 85 lots 21 22 in 107 lots 3 4 5 15 in 247 lots 2 3 19 20 21 in 263, lots 6 9 10 11 in 264 lots 21 22 in 231 lots 2 7 9 10 12 13 14 in 317 lots 1 2 8 11 in 318 lots 1 2 7 8 in 319 lots 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 in 343 lots 2 3 4 5 6 in 344 lots 15 16 17 18 19 20 in 374 lots 1 4 5 8 9 31 in 403 lots 3 4 5 6 7 in 404 lot 14 [2 205 lots 7 10 11 in 427 lots 2 3 4 5 in 428 lots 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 in 459 lots 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 in 454 lots 41 13 12 in 455 lots 2 6 8 in 518 lots 44 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 37 38 39 40 43 44 in 569 lot 2 in 629 lot 8 in
631 lots 2 3 4 8 11 15 in 874 lot 1 in 821 at 3 cents per square foot. Lots 1 10 11 12 21 in 198 lot 1 in 184 lots 1 2 4 5 6 13 in 286 lots 11 13 in 288 lots 16 19 in 289 lots 6 8 in 320 lot 1 in 409 lot 1 in 453 lots 19 23 in 456 lots 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 in 529 lots 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 in 530 lots 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 in 534 lots 1 2 3 4 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 in 538 whole sq 565 whole sq 567 lots 1 2 3 4 5 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 in 568 lot 6 in 570 lots 5 6 in 570 lots 2 17 18 in 734 lot 13 in 799 lot 1 in 847 lot 4 in 902 lots 16 18 20 in 978 lot 1 in 994 lots 25 26 27 in 1000 lots 29 30 in 1048 at 4 cents per square foot.
Lots 20 21 in 218 lot 6 in 346 lot 6 in 409 lot 18 in 377 lots 18 22 in 490 lots 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 in 951 at 5 cents per square foot. Lots 15 16 18 in 253 lots 6 7 in 255 lot 4 in 256 lot 7 in 253 lot 2 in 294 lot 6 in 322 lot 12 in 378 lots 2 4 14 15 31 33 in 24 lots 1 2 3 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 25 26 27 28 in 36 lots 3 4 in 323 lot 2 in 226 lots 2 3 4 in 456 lots 1 16 in 457 lots 5 6 12 13 14 17 21 in 490 lots 1 8 9 10 11 12 in 553 at 6 cents per square foot. Lot 2 in 223 lot 1 in 226 lot 11 in 254 lots 8 9 10 11 12 in 252 lot 1 in 257 lots 10 11 in 291 lot 1 in 378 lots 13 14 in 406 lots 10 11 in 407 lots 6 10 in 431 at 7 cents per square foot.
Lots 21 23 24 in square 3 lots 7 8 in 6 lots 1 3 in 7 lots 1 2 4 5 6 7 17 18 in square 8 half of square 3 lots 3 12 13 14 15 16 in 17 lots 4 5 6 7 8 in 20 lots 1 2 25 26 in 33 lot 4 in 32 lot 1 2 3 in 29 lots 1 2 6 in 30 lots 1 2 8 10 14 15 in 31 lots 3 4 5 6 7 in 37 lots 3 4 5 14 15 16 in 41 lots 1 2 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 in 42 lots 2 3 4 5 in 43 lots 2 3 6 7 8 in 44 lots 1 2 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 in 55 lots 3 4 9 7 8 in 54 lots 1 2 5 6 7 12 in 56 lots 5 6 in 57 lot 4 in 59 lot 1 in 60 lots 4 5 7 in 61 lots 5 7 8 9 10 in 62 lots 5 2 3 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 25 24 in 77 lots 14 17 16 28 in 78 lots 13 14 15 16 in 79 lots 3 4 10 12 in 80 lots 1 2 21 in 81 lots 6 7 in 84 lots 14 15 20 in 86 lots 3 4 5 in sq. east of 87 lots 10 11 15 in 88 lot 15 in sq. east of 88 lots 7 8 9 15 19 in 102 lots 3 4 in 103 lot 1 in 104 lots 1 5 6 in sq. south of 104 lot 3 in 105 lot 6 in 119 lots 6 7 in 120 lots 1 10 in 122 lots 3 7 in 124 whole square 125 whole sq. north of 128 lots 19 20 in 141 lots 1 2 15 in 142 lot 6 in 144 lots 20 23 in 166 lots 3 4 5 in 170 lots 15 22 23 in 172 lot 2 in 200 lots 2 3 4 in 252 lot 6 in 254 lot 4 in 292 and lot 1 in 459—at 8 cents per square foot;—
 amounting in the whole to  238,354 sq. ft. at 3 cents $5,767  845,330 3 25,359  744,625 4 29,785  83,998 5 4,199  343,862 6 20,631  102,560 7 7,174  1,402,141 8 112,171  3,810,870 205,091  for 205 000 Dollars.  Upwards of 1200 lots equal to 25 feet by 120. 
WASHINGTON TONTINE.
ART. 1. The capital of the company shall be two hundred and five thousand dollars, divided into shares of fifty dollars each—and the same shall be invested in three millions eight hundred and ten thousand, eight hundred and seventy square feet of ground in the city of Washington, including privilege of alleys; to consist of the lots, a particular list of which is hereto annexed, and which their owners have covenanted shall be conveyed by sufficient deeds of general warrantee and free from all encumbrances unto David Peter and James Morsell, esqs. of the district of Columbia, and to the survivor of them, and to the executors and administrators of such survivor, to be held by them in trust until disposed of as hereafter directed, for the use and benefit of the company. The titles of every proprietor are to be investigated and approved of, by John T. Mason, and Philip B. Key, esqs. before passing the deeds.
ART. 2. Every subscriber may at the time of subscribing, or at any time before the first day of July in the year 1805, nominate a person, or persons with whose life or lives, the shares taken by him shall be commensurate. At any person, desirous of making provision beyond the reach of common accident, for persons of tender age, may subscribe in the names of such persons. Subscriptions may also be made by proxy. But until the nomination shall be made as aforesaid, the existence of the shares shall depend upon the lives of the persons, in whose names they shall have been subscribed. All nominations on which the shares are to depend, must include a description of the age, and place of residence, of the persons nominated—and nominations not made at the time of subscribing, may be sent to the directors who shall be first elected to manage the concerns of the company, any time before the first day of July as aforesaid.
ART. 3. Upon the death of any person, with whose life a share or shares, shall have been made commensurate, such share or shares, shall thereupon be extinct—and all the interest of the owner thereof, in the property of the company, dependent upon such shares, shall cease and determine, and the same shall become the property of the owners of the surviving shares; meaning the shares dependent upon the lives of persons, continuing to survive,
ART. 4. The affairs of the company shall be managed under the superintendence and direction of five directors, who shall be stock-holders to be chosen in each year by ballot, by the stock-holders attending in person, or by proxy, each to have as many votes as shares. The first election shall be held at Steele's Hotel in the city of Washington, on the first Monday in February, 1805, under the direction of Robert Brent, John P. Van Ness, David Peter, Walter S. Chandler, and John Davidson, esqs. or any two of them—and each succeeding election shall be held on the first Monday in every January thereafter, under the superintendence of at least two of the directors for the year preceding; at such place in the said city, as they shall appoint, giving due notice thereof in one or more newspapers, published in the city of Washington.
ART. 5. The directors shall have full power to sell a fee simple, or to lease on ground rent, renewable forever, the property belonging to the company; and to manage all the other concerns of the company; but they shall not dispose of more than one sixth part of the lots in any one year, prior to the year 1806: nor sell the same at less than 25 per cent advance on the original cost; nor shall they lease them at a less rate than 12 and an half cents per front foot, for every cent cost to the company per square foot. But though the limits are thus fixed, below which the property cannot be disposed of; it is not meant that it is to be sold as fast as these rates can be obtained: On the contrary, the directors are at all times to exercise a sound discretion for the best interests of the company; and to keep in view, the certainty of rise in the value of the property, from the increasing population of the city.
ART. 6. All money arising from the sales of lots, shall be invested in the stock of the United States, in the name of the company—the interest arising from which, as well as all money arising from ground rents, shall also be invested in like stock, until the last day of December in the year 1807—after which, all interest arising from stock, or sales of lots on time—and all monies arising from ground rents, and all other profits, shall be divided semi-annually on the 15th day of January, & the 15th day of July in each year among all the share owners, in proportion to the interest of each, whose shares existed by the continuance of the lives with which they were made commensurate, on the first day of that year.
ART. 7. The dividends shall be paid at the office of the company in Washington, to the owners of the shares in person, to their power of attorney, or to their written order; but before any dividend shall be paid, satisfaction must be afforded to the directors, for the time being, that the person, on whose life the shares in question depend, was living on the first day of January in that year.
ART. 8. In cases where the dividends are not claimed for six months after the same shall become due, and there is reason to doubt whether the person on whose life the shares depend on which such dividends arise, continues to survive, the directors shall invest such dividends in stock of the United States, as if the same belonged to the capital of the company; but if the same shall thereafter be rightfully claimed, payment shall be made therefor, out of any funds of the company, not invested in stock.
ART. 9. The shares shall be transferable, and all transfers shall be made on the books of the company, by the owners in person, or by power of attorney, according to the form used for transferring stock of the United States. But in cases where certificates have been issued by the directors to the owner of the shares such certificate must be returned, and cancelled, before a transfer of the shares expressed therein shall be made.
ART. 10. Every record of a transfer of shares; and every certificate issued for shares, shall designate the lives on which such shares depend.
ART. 11. No change can be made of the person or persons on whose life or lives the shares shall depend. The life first nominated must forever remain the life on which the existence of the shares shall depend.
ART. 12. The directors shall cause proper books to be kept of all their proceedings, accessible at all times to the stock-holders; and shall particularly cause to be carefully recorded, the nomination of the lives on which the shares depend—and also the deaths of such persons when the same shall be clearly ascertained; and may transfer from time to time, the active duties of their trust, to one of their own body, or to any other agent, and may make to such agent, a reasonable compensation for his services; but the directors themselves shall receive no compensation, unless it be in the case of a director who may be the agent as aforesaid.
ART. 13. On the first Monday in January in the year 1825, the Washington Tontine Company shall be dissolved—and the whole stock of the company in whatever consisting, shall thereupon be divided amongst all the owners of the then existing shares, and in proportion to the number held by each.
We the subscribers approving of the plan of the Washington Tontine, and agreeing to each and to the whole of the 13 preceding articles, do each of us agree to become members thereof, for the number of shares annexed to our respective names. Oct. 10—3sp&wtf.
WASHINGTON TONTINE.
PERSONS desirous of an interest in this institution, will please to take Notice, that books will be opened at Steele's Hotel in the City of Washington, at 11 o'Clock on Saturday the 1st day of December, for receiving subscriptions of shares to the amount of 45,000 Dollars.—Arrangements having been made at other places for the residue of the Stock. BEN. STODDERT. November 20th, 1804.
IN pursuance of an order of the Orphans Court of the county of Washington in the Territory of Columbia will be sold at PUBLIC SALE, on Friday the 14th day of December next at the dwelling place of the late Abraham Boyd, about three miles from the city of Washington and near Rock creek Church—ALL the Personal property of the said Abraham Boyd, consisting of several likely young Negroes, Horses, Cattle, Hogs, Plantation Utensils, Corn, Rye, Oats, Fodder, Hay, Household Furniture, &c &c. The sale to commence at 10 o'clock A. M. ALL sums under Twenty Dollars, cash, for sums above that amount a credit of Nine months will be allowed upon the purchasers giving bond with approved security. WASHINGTON BOYD, Adm'r. Washington city, Nov. 26—9t
IN pursuance of an order made in the case of Wm Shepherd, an insolvent debtor, will be exposed to public sale on Wednesday the 28th inst. at 11 o'clock A. M. at Rhodes's tavern, city of Washington. A Coach and pair of Horses —and the interest of the said Wm. Shepherd in a part of a lot situate on West street, George Town—being the same which Richard Parrott sold to David Austin, who sold the same to Wm. Shepherd—on which the sum of sixty dollars remains due to Mr Parrott—A credit of four months will be allowed, upon the purchasers giving bond and security to be approved of by ROBERT W. PEACOCK, Trustee. November 26—2t
Ship Timber, Plank, &c. WANTED at the NAVY YARD, Washington, a quantity of the undermentioned materials, for which the fair market prices at New York, Philadelphia, or Baltimore, will be paid on delivery, viz: THICK STUFF and PLANK of white oak and heart yellow pine of 12 to 14 inches in breadth, 30 feet long and upwards, viz:  9 inch thick 5 inch thick  8 1 2 do. 4 1 2 do.  8 do. 4 do.  7 1 2 do. 3 1 2 do.  7 do. 3 do.  6 1 2 do. 2 1 2 do.  6 do. 2 do.  5 1 2 do. 1 1 2 do.  Logs of white oak, and heart yellow pine, from 12 to 16 inches square, and 16 to 30 feet long. Do. of 16 to 18 inches square, and 30 to 40 feet long, the prices will be greater. Do. of larger sizes and lengths, still more so. Timbers of live oak, cedar and locusts, all sizes. Crooked logs, and pieces of white oak, walnut and chestnut. Knees do. do. Locust treenails, all sizes. Ash logs, and oak rafters. Handspikes and capstern bars of hickory and ash, various sizes. Spruce pine spars, Do. lower yards, Do. half do. Do. topmasts. Also, leger and pipe staves and heading, of white oak.
Any person desirous of supplying a quantity, and willing to ascertain the prices, previous to delivery, will be furnished therewith on application to the subscriber, and describing the particulars THOMAS TINGEY, Superintendent. Navy Yard, Washington, Nov. 23—tf
SUWARROW BOOTS.
BOOT & SHOE WAREHOUSE.
JOHN MINCIN Boot-Maker from Philadelphia, respectfully acquaints his friends former customers and the public that he has now opened an elegant assortment of gentlemen's fashionable Suwarrows boots, plain boots, bootees, dress and strong shoes. Washington, New Jersey avenue near the Capitol—November 7—tf
HAT MANUFACTURY.
The subscriber informs his customers and the public generally that he has discontinued business in the city of Washington, and has opened shop on Bridge street near the Union Tavern—he solicits the continuance of former customers, and hopes that all others who may chuse to call and purchase his manufacture will be amply suited, if neatness and goodness be requisites. JOEL BROWN. George Town, Feb. 17—tf
THE subscribers have opened a GROCERY STORE in the house near the Capitol, late occupied by Mr. JAMES D. BARRY—where they have for sale, low, for cash or in exchange for country produce, Genuine Cogniac brandy, Inferior French do. Old Jamaica spirits, Madeira, } Wines, by the quarter cask Sherry, } and case, or smaller quantity. Lisbon, } Claret, } Brown Sugar, 1st and 2d quality, Loaf and Lump, do. Molasses, Firkin Butter, Mould Candles, Sweet Oil, Spices of different kinds, Fig Blue, Starch, Almonds, Anchovies, } In bottles. Capers, } Powder and Shot, Excellent Wine Vinegar, Gin, Whiskey, Hylon, } Teas, fresh, and of su- Imperial, } perior quality. Young Hyson, } Salt Herrings in Barrels. PETER HEALY, & Co. Washington October 31—tf
CHARLES VARDEN, MERCHANT TAILOR. Has received from Philadelphia in addition to his former stock, a handsome assortment of goods, consisting of the best London and Spanish fur, ermine cloths and cashmeres, white and fancy Marbeilles, colored and white Janes, India nankeens, cotton cashmeres, black silk and satin Florentines, with a variety of other articles suitable for the summer season. N. B. Ladies habits, regimentals, and navy uniforms made in the best style of fashion. New Jersey avenue near the Capitol, June 8—tf
Any gentleman desirous of purchasing STUD HORSES of the first description of good performances, and well attested pedigrees, can be accommodated by applying to THOMAS LARXIN (Mr. Taylor's training groom) at the Washington jockey club races, the thirteenth November next. N. B. Any of the above horses remaining unsold, will be farmed out the ensuing season on liberal terms. Oct. 31—tf
TO RENT, THE house occupied by J. P. VAN NESS. Enquire of John Little at the Treasury Department or of the subscriber, at Doctor John Beaty's George Town. Possession given on the 1st December. ABSALOM JOY. November 7—tf
Baily Washington, On New Jersey Avenue, near the Capitol, next door to Mr. Docker's Soap and Candle Manufactory, has received by different conveyances, in addition to his former stock of Goods the following articles: BLACK , olive, dove, and drab constitution cords of a very superior quality, yellow and white do. do. corduroy and velvets, men's white, black and flsh coloured silk stockings, do. fine lamb's wool black & grey worsted do. Men's fine white worsted and gauze do. Do. do. white cotton and fancy do. Do. do. lamb's wool and worsted half do. Do. do. beaver, drawn tan, white kid and worsted gloves, Do. do. white and black silk do. Women's do. black worsted and silk stockings, Do. do. white cotton and gauze do. Do. do. extra long black & white silk gloves, Do. do. white, col'd kid & cotton do. White and coloured camel's hair shawls, cañeces, chitzes, white and coloured cambric muslins, plain and tambooured fine cotton shawls, ladies' white and coloured kid shoes and slippers, gentlemen's black Morocco do. do. superfine and coarse cloths, cashmeres, rose and duffel blankets, &c. &c. with a number of articles in the Grocery line, which he is now vending at the most reduced prices. N. B. A few hogshads of very bright TOBACCO is wanted; for which Cash will be given. November 17. 18, 1804. 6 t.
ALEX. M'CORMICK. AT his store on East Capitol street four doors from the capitol square, has received and offers for sale a general assortment of liquors and groceries which he will sell low and warrant of as good a quality as any sold in the district of Columbia—He has 20 pieces fine Irish Linen, with sundry other articles in the dry good and hardware line. November 12—tf
PUBLIC SALE.
WILL be offered for sale on Thursday the 29th inst. at 11 o'clock A. M. on the premises, Lot No. 15 in square No. 38 (near the upper bridge on Rock creek) with all the improvements thereon consisting of a two story frame dwelling house, kitchen and stable all in good order at present, and occupied by Mr. Dove; this property will be sold for about one half of the cost; terms of sale one half cash, the other half at a credit of six months. A good title will be made to the purchaser when the last payment is made. J. CONNOR, Auctioneer. Nov. 20—td of f.
FOR SALE.
The following City Lots, ON A LIBERAL TIME, Upon SECURITY, viz. LOTS—3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9, in square No. 919.—Lots 1, 2, 7, 8, 9, 10, 15, & 16, in sq. No. 938. Lots 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 13, 14, 15, & 16, in sq. No. 936. Lots 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18 & 19, in square No. 1042. Lots 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 & 13, in square No. 1066. Apply to CHARLES MINIFIE, Washington City, or to RICHARD C. JONES, at Philadelphia. Washington, August 3—tf. N. B. C. M. hath sundry other lots for sale or ground rent (on easy terms to improvers,) and in eligible situations.
FALL GOODS.
THOMAS CARPENTER, TAYLOR, Pennsylvania Avenue, near the President's Square; HAS just received a very handsome assortment of Fall Goods. Orders executed, with the greatest dispatch and fashion, and on the most moderate terms. Oct 31—tf
FOR RENT.
THE farm adjoining the city at present in the occupation of Thomas Jenkins. Possession to be given on the 1st day of December next. Application to be made to the subscriber. WM. BRENT. Washington, Nov. 14—3w