The national intelligencer and Washington advertiser. (Washington City [D.C.]), 1806-10-27 00:00:00

NATIONAL INTELLIGENCER, AND WASHINGTON ADVERTISER.
VOL. VI.
WASHINGTON CITY, PRINTED BY SAMUEL HARRISON SMITH, PENNSYLVANIA AVENUE.
No. 11,000,000
FIVE DOLLARS PER ANNUM.
MONDAY, OCTOBER 27, 1806.
PAID IN ADVANCE.
Conclusion of the Introduction to De- pon's Voyages.
THE first chapter is devoted to the discovery and conquest of the country. It will thence appear that the Spaniards established themselves in Terra Firma, at least more slowly, if not with more difficulty, than in any other part of America. This proceeded as much from the wrong measures pursued in the beginning, as from the preference given by the Spaniards to Mexico and Peru, where the passion for mines found more to gratify it.
To this chapter succeeds the summary description of the country, such as it was at the epoch when the Spaniards established themselves in it. It appeared to me that I ought to make known its temperature, soil, native productions, forests, mountains, lakes, rivers, and harbours, before I treated of its institutions, and the territorial riches which belong to the genius and industry of the conquerors. All these subjects are discussed in the second chapter.
Then follows a chapter on the population as well European as African. Herein, I explain the means employed to obtain an annual statement of each of these classes; the rank which their laws assign them in society; the pains taken by the Spanish government to prevent the unpeopling of the mother country by emigration to America; the severity of the laws against the admission of foreigners into the Spanish possessions; the manners which the European Spaniards carry thither; the manners and customs of the creoles; the condition of the slaves; and of their freedom, &c. &c.
The fourth chapter treats solely of the Indians. I was unwilling to confound this primitive population with the modern mass of people; because it offers peculiarities of sufficient curiosity to occupy a birth of its own. Local tradition and public monuments have given me, concerning the Indian forms of government before the conquest, as well as their character and customs, details worthy of being offered to the consideration of the observer. The mode prescribed by the laws for weaning them from their forests and leading them to social life is not void of interest. Here we see the greatest persuasions of morality baffled by the aversion which the savages have for religious and civilized customs. Their primitive manners endure for ages without undergoing the slightest change; their propensity to idleness, their superstitions, their proneness to intoxication, incest, lying and laziness, have resisted for more than a hundred and fifty years, the efforts made by the missionaries to make them abandon these pernicious practices. You preach to them no purpose the existence of a good, mild and merciful God, while they have no faith in anything but the devil. They furnish an example, rare among men, of not admitting a good principle to counterbalance a bad one. The slowness of their progress to civilization, or rather their total want of it, proceeds from the too great lenity with which the laws direct them to be treated. By these, their tastes, and fancies are indulged instead of being opposed. The advice of friendship is employed in the place of reproof. And the endeavours to make them men are such as to keep them in perpetual infancy. The examination of these questions ends in a plan of a new system, which would render them more useful both to the colony and the parent state.
In the fifth chapter is detailed the form of government which Spain has devised for her colonies; together with the kind of connection contrived to keep them independent; the functions and prerogatives of the principal officers appointed by the king; the tribunals and general police; and the organization, number and distribution of the troops destined for the defence of the country. It may be remarked that the laws forming the Spanish colonial code are founded in great foresight and profound wisdom. The means employed to guard the national sovereignty from infringements, and to prevent the abuses of authority which the great distance from the mother country might encourage, are so ingeniously combined that they may be regarded as a masterpiece of legislation for modern colonies, as to their political connection with the mother country.
It is natural indeed to suppose that territories situated from two to five thousand leagues from the centre of authority, being twenty times more extensive and with a more numerous population, have not remained during three hundred years, in a steady and untroubled dependence, nor without giving serious employment to the genius and contemplation of the legislator. I ascribe the whole merit to the council of the Indies, to that supreme tribunal which decides upon all infractions of the laws, and also all usurpations of power in Spanish America; and from which proceeds all the regulations and decrees relating to the government of the colonies. Europe does not furnish an example of a tribunal whose decisions have, been for three hundred years so unanimous and wise as those of the coun-
cil of the Indies have been and continue to be. In this long course of experience calamity has not dared to reproach them with the smallest act of furnished with prejudice, ignorance or favour.
Religion is so intimately blended with politics in the Spanish government, to be dispensed with in the history which I publish. The jurisdiction of the tribunals of the inquisitions, much more mild and limited than they were formerly; the authority of the Holy See, which by concessions of the early popes was restricted in the Spanish dominions to the sole prerogative of investing the acts of the king with canonical forms; the powers of the king as patron of the Indies; the organization of the clergy; the competency of the ecclesiastical tribunals, the mode of nominating bishops, canons and priests; and the functions of missionaries are so many objects, the discussion of which cannot but be interesting to the reader. This chapter is closed by an examination of the delicate question whether churches ought to be asylums.
The seventh chapter contains all that relates to agriculture. It opens with the titles which the kings of Spain have obtained, to make grants of land in the new world. Then follows the successive methods of disposing of these lands. I then pass to the analysis of the soil of eastern Terra Firma, and to the different articles cultivated there. I give upon the raising and manufacturing, or the preparation of the produce, all the details which a residence of twenty-two years in the colonies, has rendered familiar to me. This chapter has been so carefully compiled as not to be uninteresting to any modern colonies. Lastly, I examine the causes why cultivation is on the decline in Terra Firma, and I point out the means of restoring to it that activity which it has lately lost.
Territorial productions necessarily attract commerce, this chapter therefore, is naturally inserted after that on cultivation. The commercial system which Spain follows in respect to her colonies, had forced me to recite the alterations which it has undergone, and it obliges me to say, in honor of Spain, that this system vicious in its origin, has been gradually reformed in the manner that is most conformable to the interests of a mother country, which cannot avoid supplying her colonies with foreign manufactures. Her imports, apparently exorbitant, are however, found upon reflection to be neither the offspring of accident nor of ignorance, but the necessary consequence of the fundamental error of the system. And it is now thirty years since their fiscal laws have been smoothed of all their roughness, and that all the sacrifices have been made in favor of commerce, which could be reasonably expected.
Independent of its connections with the mother country, the eastern part of Terra Firma, enjoys with the other Spanish possessions in America, a very advantageous and reciprocal trade; among these are Porto Rico, Cuba, Vera Cruz, Carthagena, and St. Martha.
The laws permit the exportation to the different colonies near the Gulf of Mexico, the surplus of their live stock, hides, skins, drugs, and even other articles as well as cacao, with the leave of the intendant, which he readily grants; I next treat of capital and, which also has its system. All these different subjects enter into my 8th chapter, and are concluded by an enquiry into the consular establishment at Caracas, and by the rates of duties on imports and exports.
In the 9th chapter, I have comprised every thing which relates to the finances. It will thence be apparent that until 1728, when the company of Guipuscoa was established, the resources of the eastern part of Terra Firma were so trifling that Spain was obliged to send yearly from Mexico money for the officers, troops, and all other public expenses. In 1777, the finances of these provinces underwent an organization, which proves the importance they had already attained. The captain-general of Caracas was discharged from the care of superintending them, and that business was delegated to an intendant; this gave to the whole department a new order and a new lustre. After having analysed the functions and prerogatives of the intendant, and of the officers of the customs, I have recited the origin and object of each impost laid on the colonies, its assessment, its mode of collection, and its annual amount. This description is followed by a general table of receipts and expenditures.
I presume there are very few readers who will not think the details contained in the preceding chapters are fairly within the limits of history; but the promise I had made of leaving nothing untold concerning these interesting regions, has determined me to add particular to general information, by making known to my readers the resources, and special subjects of industry in each department of the captain generalship of Caracas. This point I have aimed at in the 10th chapter under the title of a description of the towns and their dependencies. I have delineated,
not only the situation, temperature and population of each town, but likewise the character of the inhabitants, the quality of the adjacent lands, the employment of labor, the course of trade, the species of productions, the crops which are artificially raised, and the rivers which water the respective regions, &c. &c. The like has been done in respect to the division of the provinces of the eastern part of Terra Firma into cabildos, elected in each town whose jurisdiction embraces all the adjoining villages as far as the boundary of the neighboring cabildo. A necessary consequence of this method is, that a circumstantial description of the seat of each cabildo and its territory, constitutes the most complete and instructive topography which can be given of this country.
Spanish Guiana occupies the 11th chapter. I have condensed in it all that I have to say on this province, for the purpose of an advantageous display of it and to give it that distinguished rank to which it is entitled in the catalogue of important colonies. Watered by the Oronoko, which runs through it a distance of five hundred leagues, and which receives in its course a prodigious number of considerable rivers, Spanish Guiana is destined by nature to become the most productive province of America, the commercial centre of its produce, as well as of the neighboring provinces, whose navigable streams empty into the Oronoko.
The navigation of this river, the mass of whose waters is at least equal to that of the Amazons, having hitherto been a secret among a few pilots, I have considered it a matter of necessity to explain it very minutely; I have begun with the navigation of the upper part of the river towards the capital of Guiana. It offers but little that interests the foreign merchant, because all the business is done by the inhabitants of the country, who bring the produce to St. Tome. It is therefore, to the long and perilous navigation of the Oronoko from its mouth to St. Tome, that my researches have been chiefly directed. The unacquainted navigator must be extremely fortunate in his choice of an entrance, if he meets with no obstacle in sailing up the Oronoko, as it has fifty outlets, almost all of which are navigable to any great distance, and which would generally lead him into a labyrinth amidst numberless islands, from which he could extricate himself but with difficulty, even with the aid of the compass. Even the most navigable branches of the Oronoko are not without these difficulties; they do not admit vessels of all capacities. Its bed, over-spread with islands, shoals and rocks, offers a continued series of impediments which practice alone can overcome. This chapter is not the less interesting, inasmuch as it gives information of which geography and navigation stand in great need, respecting one of the most important rivers of the globe. My discussion, therefore, has the merit of being the only one that has appeared, and I can confidently vouch for its correctness. The plan of the Oronoko, from its outlets to St. Tome, was executed by the order of the king, and all the drafts relative to this undertaking have been deposited in the office of the ministry.
The English, whose views are all directed to commerce, are the only foreigners who have as much information as the Spaniards themselves, on the navigation of the Oronoko, the captain generalship of Caracas, and the other Spanish possessions; and these they inundate with contraband wares and merchandise.
Should I be happy enough to have a value set upon my writings equal to the toil they have cost me, I shall consider as a favor of heaven the events which cast me on the 18th of January 1801, upon the coasts of Terra Firma. And in this case I ought to declare my obligation to gen. Leclerc, for a considerable part of my success.
As soon as he arrived at St. Domingo at the head of the army sent to restore order there, I lost no time in submitting to him my remarks on this colony, and explaining to him my literary project. The part of his answer relative to this latter subject, is dated 10th Thermidor, 10th year, and couched in the following terms:
"I regret that the wants of the army which I command, do not enable me to appropriate at this moment, to the furtherance of natural history, the necessary sums. The time is certainly not remote, when I shall have it in my power to do all I wish in this respect. In the mean time I beg you to accept of one thousand dollars, which I have remitted on your account; I hope this sum will give you the means of continuing your useful labours. I shall not suffer the minister of the interior to remain ignorant of the fact, that on the American continent there is a Frenchman occupied in useful enquiries."
This pecuniary assistance was not repeated by reason of the disastrous event of his death. I had therefore no further encouragement than the opinion of the interest which the commander in chief felt in my enterprise. His
exhortation to me to continue my labours held out to me positive and direct claims upon the gratitude of the government; and there was no need of any further inducement than that to make me redouble my zeal, activity and application, and to sacrifice every thing to the correctness, clearness and precision requisite in the painful task of collecting genuine information relative to those vast and highly favored countries.
OBSERVATIONS.
Extracted from the Journals of William Dumber, esq., and Doctor Hunter.
(CONTINUED.)
At noon, on the 15th November, they passed the island of Mallet, and at 90 yards north east from the upper point of the island, by a good observation ascertained their latitude to be 32 deg. 59 min 27 sec. S. N. or two seconds in a half of latitude south of the dividing line between the territories of Orleans and Louisiana. The bed of the river along this alluvial country, is generally covered with water, and the navigation uninterrupted; but in the afternoon of this day, they passed three contiguous sandbars, or beaches, called "les trois battures," and before evening, the "bayou de grand marais," or great marsh creek on the right, and "la Cy-arre Chatelau," a point of high land on the other side, which reaches within a half mile of the river. As they advanced towards the marais de saline on the right, a stratum of dirty white clay under the alluvial tract, shewed them to be leaving the sunken, and approaching the high land country. The salt lick marsh does not derive its name from any brackishness in the water of the lake or marsh, but from its contiguity to some of the licks, sometimes called "saline," and sometimes "glaise," generally found in a clay, compact enough for potters' ware. The bayou de la Tulipe forms a communication between the lake and the river. Opposite to this place, there is a point of high land, forming a promontory, advancing within a mile of the river, and to which boats resort when the low grounds are under water. A short league above is the mouth of the grand bayou de la Saline (Salt Lick creek.) This creek is of a considerable length, and navigable for small boats. The hunters ascend it, to one hundred of their leagues, in pursuit of game, and all agree that none of the springs which feed this creek are salt. It has obtained its name from the many salt licks which have been discovered in its vicinity. Although most of these licks, by digging, furnish water which holds marine salt in solution, there exists no reason for believing that many of them would produce nitre. Notwithstanding this low and alluvial tract appears in all respects well adapted to the growth of the long moss (tillandsia,) none was observed since entering it in lat. 32 d. 32 m. and as the pilot informed them none would be seen in their progress up the river. It is probable that the latitude of 33 deg. is about the northern limit of vegetation. The long leaf pine, frequently the growth of rich and even inundated land, was here observed in great abundance; the short leaved or pitch pine, on the contrary, is always found upon arid lands and generally in sandy and lofty situations.
This is the season when the poor settlers on the Washita turn out to make their annual hunt. The deer is now fat and the skins in perfection; the bear is now also in his best state, with regard to the quality of his fur, and the quantity of fat or oil he yields, as he has been feasting luxuriantly on the autumnal fruits of the forest. It is here well known that he does not confine himself, as some writers have supposed, to vegetable food; he is particularly fond of hogs' flesh; sheep and calves are frequently his prey, and no animal escapes him which comes within his power, and which he is able to conquer. He often destroys the fawn, when chance throws it in his way; he cannot, however, discover it by smelling, notwithstanding the excellence of his scent, for nature has, as if for its protection, denied the fawn the property of leaving any effluvi-um upon its track, a property so powerful in the old deer. The bear, unlike most other beasts of prey, does not kill the animal he has seized upon before he eats it; but regardless of its struggles, cries and lamentations, fastens upon it, and if the expression is allowable, devours it alive. The hunters count much on their profits from the oil drawn from the bears fat, which, at New Orleans, is always of ready sale, and much esteemed for its wholesomeness in cooking, being preferred to but-
* It may not be generally known to naturalists, that between the hoof of the deer, &c. there is found a sack, with its mouth inclining upwards, containing more or less of musk, and which, by escaping over the opening, in proportion to the secretion, causes the foot to have a scent on the ground wherever it passes. During the rutting season this musk is so abundant, particularly in old males, as to be smelt by the hunters at a considerable distance.
ter or hogs' lard. It is found to keep longer than any other animal oil without becoming rancid; and boiling it, from time to time, upon sweet bay leaves, restores its sweetness, or facilitates its conservation.
In the afternoon of the 17th they passed some sand beaches, and over a few rapids. They had cane brakes on both sides of the river; the canes were small, but demonstrate that the water does not surmount the bank more than a few feet. The river begins to widen as they advance; the banks of the river show the high land soil, with a stratum of three or four feet of alluvion deposited by the river upon it. This super-stratum is greyish, and very sandy, with a small admixture of loam, indicative of the poverty of the mountains and uplands where the river rises. Near this they passed through a new and a very narrow channel, in which all the water of the river passes, except in time of freshes, when the lateral forms an island. A little above this pass is a small clearing, called "Cache la Tulipe" (Tulip's hiding place); this is the name of a French hunter who here concealed his property. It continues the practice of both the white and red hunters to leave their skins, &c. often suspended to poles, or laid over a pole placed upon two forked posts, in sight of the river, until their return from hunting. These deposits are considered as sacred, and few examples exist of their being plundered. After passing the entrance of a bay, which within must form a great lake during the inundation, great numbers of the long leaf pine were observed; and the increased size of the canes along the river's bank, denoted a better and more elevated soil; on the left was a high hill (300 feet) covered with lofty pine trees.
The banks of the river present more the appearance of upland soil, the under stratum being a pale yellowish clay, and the alluvial soil of a dirty white, surmounted by a thin covering of a brown vegetable earth. The trees improve in appearance, growing to a considerable size and height, though yet inferior to those on the alluvial banks of the Mississippi. After passing the "Bayou de Hachis," on the left, points of high land, not subject to be overflowed, frequently touch the river, and the valley is said to be more than a league in breadth on both sides. On the left are pine hills, called "Code de Champagne." The river is not more than 50 or 60 yards wide. On the morning of the 20th they passed a number of sand beaches, and some rapids, but found good depth of water between them. A creek called "Chemise Couvert," which forms a deep ravine in the high lands, here enters the river; almost immediately above this is a rapid where the water in the river is confined to a channel of about 40 yards in width; above they had to quit the main channel, on account of the shallowness and rapidity of the water, and pass along a narrow channel of only 60 feet wide; without a guide a stranger might take this passage for a creek.
Notwithstanding the lateness of the season, and the northern latitude they were in, they this day met with an alligator. The banks of the river are covered with cane, or thick underbrush, frequently so interwoven with thorns and briars as to be impenetrable. Birch, maple, holly, and two kinds of wood to which names have not yet been given, except "water side wood," are here met with; as also persimmon and small black grapes. The margin of the river is fringed with a variety of plants and vines, among which are several species of convolvulus.
On the left they passed a hill and cliff 100 feet perpendicular, crowned with pines, and called "Cote de Finn," (Finn's hill) from which a chain of high land continues some distance. The cliff presents the appearance of an ash colored clay. A little farther to the right is the Bayou d'Acasia (Locust creek.) The river varies here from 80 to 100 yards in width, presenting frequent indications of iron along its banks, and some thin strata of iron ore. The ore is from half an inch to 3 inches in thickness.
On the morning of the 22d of November, they arrived at the road of the Chadoquois Indian nation, leading to the Arkansas nation; a little beyond this is the Ecora Fabri, (Fabri's cliffs) from 80 to 100 feet high; and a little distance above, a smaller cliff called "Le Petit Ecor a Fabri," (the little cliff of Fabri;) these cliffs appear chiefly to be composed of ash coloured sand, with a stratum of clay at the base, such as runs all along under the bank of this river. Above these cliffs, an several rapids; the current is swifter and denotes their ascent into a higher country; the water becomes clear, and equal to any in its very agreeable taste and as drinking water. In the river are immense beds of gravel and sand over which the water passes with great velocity in the season of its floods, carrying with it vast quantities of drift wood, which it piles up, in many places, to the height of 20 feet above the present surface, pointing out the difficulty and danger of navigation in certain

As the party ascended they found the banks of the river less elevated, being only from 6 to 12 feet, and are gradually surmounted by the fresher and fresher. The river becomes more obstructed by rapids and sand and gravelly beaches, among which are found fragments of stone of all forms, and a variety of colors, some highly polished and rounded by friction. The banks of the river in this upper country suffer greatly by abrasion, one side and sometimes both being broken down by every flood.
At a place called "Ange d'Arion" (Arion's trought), is laminated iron ore, and a stratum of black sand, very iridescent, shining with minute crystals. The breadth of the river is here about 80 yards; in some places, however, it is enlarged by islands, in others contracted to 80 or 100 feet. Rocks of a grayish colour, and rather friable, are here found in many places on the river. On the banks grow willows of a different form from those found below, and on the margin of the Mississippi they are very little different from those on the Mississippi, excepting that they are probably a species.
At noon on the 24th, they arrived at the confluence of the lesser Missouri with the Washita; the former is a considerable branch, perhaps the fourth of the Washita, and comes in from the left bank. The hunters often ascend the little Missouri, but are not inclined to penetrate far up, because it reaches near the great plains or prairies upon the Red river, visited by the les or Osage tribes of Indians, settled on Arkansas; these last frequently carry war into the Caddoaguis tribe settled on the Red river, about west south west from this place, and indeed they are reported not to spare any nation or people, they are prevented from visiting the headwaters of the Washita by the steep hills in which they rise. These mountains are so difficult to travel over, that the savages not having an object sufficiently desirable, never attempt to penetrate to this river, and it is supposed to be unknown to the nation. The Caddoaguis (or Caddaux, as the French pronounce the word) may be considered as Spanish Indians; they boast, and it is said with truth, that they never have imbrued their hands in the blood of a white man. It is said that the stream of the little Missouri, some distance from its mouth, flows over a bright splendid bed of mineral of a yellowish white color, (most probably martial pyrites) that 30 years ago several of the inhabitants, hunters, worked upon this mine, and sent a quantity of the ore to the government at New Orleans, and they were prohibited from working any more.
There is a great amenity in the appearance of the river banks; the islands are skirted with osier, and immediately within, on the bank, grows a range of birch trees and some willows; the more elevated banks are covered with cane, among which grows the oak, maple, elm, sycamore, ash, hickory, dog wood, holly, ironwood, &c. From the pibs they learned that there is a body of excellent land on the little Missouri, particularly on the creek called the "Bayou a Terre Noire," which falls into it. This land extends to Red river and is connected with the great prairies which form the hunting grounds of the Caddaux nation, consisting of about 200 warriors. They are warlike, but frequently unable to defend themselves against the tribe of Osage, settled on the Arkansas river, who passing round the mountains at the head of the Washita, and along the prairies which separate them from the main chain on the west, where the waters of the Red and Arkansas rivers have their rise, pass into the Caddaux country, and rob and plunder them. (To be continued.)
* The banks rise into hills of free stone of a very sharp and fine grit, fit for grindstones. The strata irregular, including from 20 to 30 deg. down the river.
FOR THE NATIONAL INTELLIGENCER. Inquisitor will perceive that we have exercised the liberty given, of omitting some parts of his piece.
FEDERAL CREED. 1. I believe that all governments are of divine origin—that kings and nobles are descended in a right line from the gods; and that the favored ones of the earth, were born to rule over, and govern with absolute and unlimited power all that are less favored, or less powerful than themselves. 2. I believe that all men are not born "equally free," as is falsely asserted in the declaration of American Independence. 3. I believe that crowns, crosses, stars, garters, and other badges of nobility, are the consecrated gifts of heavenly wisdom, and ought to be held in awin reverence by all the "awful multitude," who owe veneration and implicit obedience to the wearers of them. 4. I believe that the freedom of speech and of the press, tend only to create factions and excite insurrections, and that they ought not to be tolerated in any well regulated, or "energetic" government. 5. I believe that the glittering splendor of crests and navies—the dazzling pomp of titles and national greatness, supported by the blood, tears, and misery of the oppressed poor, are preferable to the humble and unadorned blessings of peace, and individual prosperity.
6. I believe the will of the great ought to be the law of the land—that their will is always right, and that therefore, the few ought to govern the many, and for the same reason I would cheerfully put my neck under the foot of a sovereign to gain his favors; but am determined as long as I have liberty to complain, that I will not cease to abuse that liberty, by finding fault with every measure of my own free government, be it right or wrong.
7. I believe that all who do not think exactly as I do, are either fools or jacobins; and consequently that Sellack Osborne , (now in jail for telling the truth about his betters) and all the democratic editors, who take his part, or have the impudence to raise their voice against the sacred authority of courts, ought to be sent to the Basile , or Inquisition , and there end their rebellious days without seeing the light of heaven, or hearing the voice of man.
INQUISITOR. FROM THE CITIZEN.
Of the term "Liberty of the Press." The writer of this remembers a remark made to him by Mr. Jefferson concerning the English newspapers which at that time 1787, while Mr. Jefferson was minister at Paris, were most vulgarly abusive. The remark applies with equal force to the federal papers of America. The remark was, that "the licentiousness of the press produces the same effect as the restraint of the press was intended to do." The restraint, said he, was to prevent things being told, and the licentiousness of the press prevents things being believed when they are told. We have in this state an evidence of the truth of this remark. The number of federal papers in the city and state of New-York are more than five to one to the number of republican papers, yet the majority of the elections go always against the federal papers, which is demonstrative evidence that the licentiousness of those papers are destitute of credit.
Whoever has made observations on the characters of nations will find it generally true, that the manners of a nation, or of a party, can be better ascertained from the character of its press than from any other public circumstance. If its press is licentious, its manners are not good. Nobody believes a common liar, or a common defamer. Nothing is more common with printers, especially of newspapers, than the continual cry of the liberty of the press , as if, because they are printers they are to have more privileges than other people. As the term " liberty of the press " is adopted in this country without being understood, I will state the origin of it and shew what it means. The term comes from England, and the case was as follows.
Prior to what is called in England the revolution , which was in 1688, no work could be published in that country without first obtaining the permission of an officer appointed by the government for inspecting works intended for publication. The same was the case in France, except that in France there were forty who were called censors , and in England there was but one called Imprensa-tour .
At the revolution the office of Imprensa-tour was abolished and as works could then be published without first obtaining the permission of the government officer, the press was, in consequence of that abolition, said to be free, and it was from this circumstance that the term liberty of the press arose. The press, which is a tongue to the eye, was then put exactly in the case of the human tongue. A man does not ask liberty before hand to say something he has a mind to say, but he becomes answerable afterwards for the atrocities he may utter. In like manner, if a man makes the press utter atrocious things he becomes as answerable for them as if he had uttered them by word of mouth. Mr. Jefferson has said in his inaugural speech, that " error of opinion might be tolerated when reason was left free to combat it ." This is sound philosophy in cases of error. But there is a difference between error and licentiousness.
Some lawyers in defending their clients (for the generality of lawyers like Swiss soldiers will fight on either side) have often given their opinion of what they deemed the liberty of the press to be. One said it was this; another said it was that, and so on, according to the case they were pleading. Now these men ought to have known that the term liberty of the press , arose from a FACT, the abolition of the office of Imprensa-tour, and that opinion has nothing to do in the case. The term refers to the fact of printing free from prior restraint , and not at all to the matter printed whether good or bad. The public at large, or in case of prosecution, a jury of the country will be the judges of the matter.
COMMON SENSE. FROM THE NORFOLK PUBLIC LEDGER. The EDITOR of this paper has received a letter from a friend in Bordeaux, dated the 17th of August, of which he offers his readers an extract, and he ventures to assure them, that the writer is a person of intelligence, and respectability.
"I have had it in contemplation for some days past, to address you on the subject of the pending negotiations, between England and this country. They lately assumed a character, strongly indicative of an approaching peace; but the rumours have been so various and contradictory, and the sources of our information so obscure and suspicious, that I deemed it useless to
offer intelligence, of which I could not guarantee the authenticity. At the beginning of this month, the opinions of all classes of people were so universally in favor of peace, that preparations were absolutely made to receive and welcome the courier who was hourly expected to appear, and announce its conclusion. This impression was strengthened by the arrival of lord Lauderdale at Calais, on the 3d inst. and at Paris on the 5th, and the erroneous reports of the frigate who brought him over having exchanged a salute of 21 guns, with the battery of the former place, and of his lordship having been presented to the emperor on the 6th at the court of the Tuileries.* The first of these reports originated from the circumstance of the frigate having fired 15 guns when lord Lauderdale and his secretaries, Mssrs. Stewart and Madison, came from alongside. I do not know to what cause the report of his presentation at court is to be attributed. A very intelligent and well informed correspondent wrote me on the 10th inst. from Paris, stating that lord Lauderdale had been closeted three hours on the preceding evening with Mr. Cramphagny, minister of the Interior, and general Clarke, who enjoys the highest credit at the court of St. Cloud. The result of this meeting was very different from what was at first conjectured. The object of the interview was to remove the obstacles which still divided the two cabinets, but so far from its accomplishment, the breach is said to have been widened, and the official communication we have this day received from Paris, under date of the 13th instant, confirms this opinion. I transmit you herewith a copy of the note published by government, and extracted from the Moniteur of the 13th. It alludes to several important political events, but particularly to the ratification of the peace with Russia, the acknowledgment of the king of Holland and Naples, and duke of Cleves and Berg, by the emperor of Austria and King of Prussia, and to the causes of the interruption of the negotiations between France and Great Britain. If I was to make a conjecture on the latter circumstance, I should attribute it to this government's insisting on some relaxation on the maritime jurisprudence of England. It is very possible that one or the other governments may publish the correspondence in which their respective interests and pretensions have been discussed, to render the public the arbiter of the justice and moderation of their conduct. Sales in colonial produce have been almost entirely suspended for the last three weeks, in consequence of the apprehension of peace. Three days ago, however, a large speculation was made in coffee for a house in Paris, who doubtless had early information of the interruption of the negotiations. Martinique coffee which was selling before the appearance of peace at 63 and 64 sous, was bought at 56 and 57. 800 bales of Bourbon was sold at 55 sous, which a month ago was worth 61-1/2 sous. Business will not resume its activity before lord Lauderdale leaves Paris. He is said to have demanded his passports which were not immediately granted—and it is asserted that he dispatched a courier to London on the 12th inst.*
* According to established etiquette, Lord Lauderdale could not be presented to the Emperor until after a treaty was signed; so says Journal de l'Empire of the 13th of August. † Published in our supplement of yesterday.
Extract of a letter from an officer belonging to the expedition under gen. Miranda to his brother in New-York, dated island of Aruba, 7 leagues west of Curacao, August 23, 1806.
We arrived here on the 16th inst. all in good health. We left Trinidad the 24th July in company with the Lilly sloop of war, capt. Campbell, who acts as commodore in the expedition, his majesty's brigs Express and Attentive, and the schooner Provost, 2 gun boats, carrying each a 24 pounder, and an American brig with provisions, and our own ship the Leander . The armed vessels under the commodore were despatched by adm'l Cochrane to assist us. The Sunday following about 10 o'clock in the morning, we passed along close to the principal town of the Spanish island of Margarita—we could easily distinguish the inhabitants coming out of the church to defend the town, supposing our intention was to attack. As we passed along, the grand battery in the town fired several shot at us without effect. We kept our course until we arrived off Cocne, between Margarita and the Maine , where we came to anchor that day at 3 P. M. and remained there until next day; we then pursued our voyage until the 1st of August, when we arrived in the bay of La Vela de Coro. The royal city of La Vela de Coro, as the Spaniards call it, is situated in the E. part of the bay of that name. We came to anchor on the W. side of the bay, owing to the mistake of the pilot in the night, 7 or 8 miles to leeward of the city. We attempted to debark at day light the next morning without success, owing to a strong head wind and a heavy sea; our disappointment gave the inhabitants an opportunity of carrying away the public and private treasure, which was effectually done. The morning after we landed to the number of 150, including marines and sailors, and although the town was defended by 15 pieces of artillery, 400 infantry and some cavalry, we drove the enemy from post to post, and in half an hour the city was ours and the Columbian flag hoisted at the principal battery; we had only one man wounded; the Spanish troops
were panic struck and fired at random. The ardor and briskness of the attack quite astonished the Dons: we took 20 of the Indian prisoners, armed with bows and arrows. Our troops had been all the day before cooped up in the boat, trying to land, and were so fatigued that they could not overtake the enemy, the most of whom took the road to Coro, 12 miles S. W. of La Vela. We spent the day in debarking more troops, and reconnoitering the different roads and environs of the city, and in posting centinels. About midnight we marched for Coro, with 2 pieces of light artillery, and about 250 troops, including sailors and marines. Gen. Miranda hoped to surprise the enemy at break of day, before the king's treasure could be removed, but he was disappointed, for we found an empty city; the inhabitants fled to the mountains with their valuables, a few old men & women, some negroes and children, and a few tables and chairs only remained. Coro is one of the earliest built cities of Spanish America; it is regularly laid out and well built, every house is almost cannon proof; they are generally built of stone, which they cover with a white plaster, and the roofs are generally of strong heavy tiles; the city is about 4 miles in circumference. There is a large cathedral in the centre square of the city, superbly ornamented within with gold; it has a number of altars around it, within and over every altar is a niche containing, in colored wax, either Jesus Christ, the Virgin, or some of the saints. There are several other public buildings for the Religious, among them is an elegant and extensive convent of Franciscan friars; it was built by one of the queens of Spain, and presented to those friars; it is called the convent of St. Francis; it has 15 altars magnificently inlaid with gold, and the vaulted roofs over the altars seem to be paved with golden shells: all the friars except two abandoned their convent—one of them seemed deprived of reason, for he took the liberty of flogging himself severely every morning. What I am about to mention would have been related more regularly in a former part of this letter, but I have too little time to think of order, and so I will say what occurs as it comes in and out of my memory.
We entered Coro so early in the morning that we could not distinguish friend from enemy, & here a melancholy scene took place—When the advanced guard, which I followed closely with the leading piece of artillery, arrived in the centre square they advanced to the prison, which they supposed was a fortified citadel, or something like it, one of the soldiers imprudently fired at a man at the prison door, whom he took to be one of the enemy, it proved to be one of our own men, he was shot dead on the spot; at this moment the prisoners, clanking their chains, cried out through the grates of the prison " Vive Miranda ," when the guard without the prison fired a feu de joie ; at this time till dark, the infantry was drawn up on the side of the square opposite to the prison and close in front of the cathedral, the artillery in front of the infantry in the centre of the square; and while we were unhurrying the mules from the pieces and preparing to fire upon the prison when ordered, the infantry behind us hearing the feu de joie of the advanced guard, believed the place was defended, and without waiting for orders commenced a heavy fire at they knew not what, they wounded their commanding officer, Lieutenant Colonel Kirkland, they put two musket balls into him, one of which came out at the arm; he is in a fair way of recovery—they wounded two men at my gun, one close to my right side and the other as close to my left. I had the good fortune to remain unhurt amidst a shower of balls that whistled about my ears for some minutes.
After remaining 4 or five days at Coro, endeavoring in vain to persuade the inhabitants to return to the city, we returned to La Vela, where we waited some days for news from our friends in the interior; not receiving any, and most of the ships being in want of water, we embarked and came here to supply ourselves. In the mean time General Miranda, despatched two vessels, one to Admiral Cochrane on the windward station, at Barbadoes, and another to Admiral Dacres on the leeward station at Jamaica, to inform them of our proceedings, and I believe to obtain some troops, the general having previously heard, as I learned, that the Duke of Kent had arrived with 10,000 troops at Jamaica, a part of which are destined to assist us. We have recently received information that one of Miranda's friends has a corps of 2000 men ready to join us; that Miranda is a favorite goal at Porto Cavello, when the king's partisans are not present; that fons favorable to Miranda have been composed on the occasion, and are frequently sung in the different towns of the provinces of Carracas, the birth place of our general. We have also heard with great pleasure, that all the prisoners they took from us in April last, are in good health, and kindly treated in the city of St. Leon de Carracas. We have heard that the officers were hung, and the men sent to mines at Vera Cruz. We might have believed it, did we not know the weakness of the Spanish forces in that quarter. The fact is, they would have executed,
every prisoner without remorse, were it not that they feared, and with reason too, instant retaliation, and that from the hands of their own citizens. We expect in a few days to hear from Admirals Cochrane and Dacres in the most favorable way, and then to leave this Island for a part of the Maine , more convenient and nearer to our Spanish friends than La Vela or Coro. From all the various information we have obtained, there is now I think, no doubt of the success of Miranda, at least in the province of Carracas, which is one of the most rich and valuable of all the provinces in Spanish America. The frigate Galatia has just joined us—the Osprey is expected too every hour, besides some other vessels. Since we arrived here a fever has appeared among the crew of our ship; one man died last evening, and there are about 50 now sick.
NOTICE To Ordinary Keepers, Retailers, &c. in Washington.
As many of the Licences issued in this city will expire on the last day of this month, notice is hereby given to all those concerned, that the Treasurer and Register will attend at the Council Chamber, on Saturday the 1st November next, from 10 o'clock in the forenoon, to 2 o'clock in the afternoon, for the purpose of issuing licences pursuant to the act of the City Council in that case provided. Oct. 24—
RACE BALL. THERE will be a BALL at Mr. STELLE's Hotel, on Wednesday evening next, the 29th inst. Gentlemen may obtain Tickets by application at the Bar. October 24—St
POSTPONEMENT of the LEONARD TOWN JOCKEY CLUB RACE. THE race for FORTY Guineas lately advertised and designed to have been run on Tuesday the 14th inst. was postponed till Tuesday the 14th November next, when the purse of 40 guineas will be run for over the Leonard Town course agreeably to the rules of the club, race for any horse, mare or gelding, the sole and absolute property of some member or members of the club; otherwise the person proposing to start a horse shall pay two guineas in the pound on the amount of the purse. The treasurer is authorised to receive subscriptions for the Jockey Club of any person at his discretion—this being the last year's race of the club. Gentlemen proposing to start horses may become members by subscribing one guinea; horses to be entered before 9 o'clock of the evening preceding the race. No race an els two horses at least start for the purse. By order, E. I. MILLARD, Sec. & Treasurer. October 24—tr
20 Dollars Reward. ELOPED in the night of the 18th instant, MILLY, a dark Mulatto, about 30 years old, 5 feet 5 or 6 inches high, of rather a slim make, a small scar on her forehead, occasioned she said, by a piece of wood striking her when cutting it—When she laughs shews her teeth, which are pretty large, white, and placed a considerable distance apart. Among the articles of apparel she took with her, were a striped calico gown flounced round the bottom, a jacket and petticoat of striped calico of a lead color, with white flecks. Whoever brings the said mulatto to the subscriber, shall receive, if in the territory of Columbia, 5 dollars, if 20 miles from home 10, and in the same proportion for any greater distance, and all reasonable charges paid. ANDREW T. MCORMICK. Oct. 24—tr.
Came to my place on the Eastern Branch, near the Lower Bridge, a Red and White COW, and Yearling, which suckles her—the marks are, both ears cropped. The owner is desired to prove property, pay charges and take them away. ALEXANDER LOVJOY. October 24—3t.
JOHN COX Has received a large general assortment of FALL GOODS, Which he will sell by wholesale and retail very cheap. No one shall sell lower than he will. George Town, October 13—epNI&UG—6w
RUNAWAY NEGRO. WAS committed to the jail of this county a runaway slave on the 17th inst. a bright mulatto man by the name of RICHMOND THOMAS about 35 years old, about 5 feet 6 inches high, stout made, wide mouth and thick lips, the little finger of his left hand crooked, his clothing is an old black broad cloth coat, a black satin and silk and cotton jacket, 1 pair dimity & 1 pair osnaburg pantaloons, 1 muslin shirt, 1 pair old shoes and a white and green hat, says he is free and lives in Philadelphia, has taken a tour to the Miami's and was on his way home when taken up, his owner is desired to come and prove property pay charges and take him away, otherwise he will be sold for his prison fees according to law. L. HILLIARY, Sheriff Allegany county, Maryland. Cumberland, October 3—3w.

WASHINGTON CITY.
MONDAY, OCTOBER 27.
It is, with the sincerest pleasure, that we announce to our fellow citizens, the arrival of CAPTAIN LEWIS, with his exploring party, at St. Louis.
The President of the United States has received a letter from him, dated at St. Louis, September 23, at which place himself, Captain Clarke and their party arrived that day. They had passed the preceding winter at a place which he calls Fort Clatsop, near the mouth of the Columbia river. They set out thence on the 27th of March last, and arrived at the foot of the Rocky mountains May 10, where they were detained until June 24, by the snows which rendered the passage over those mountains impracticable until then. He found it two thousand five hundred and seventy-five miles from the mouth of the Missouri to the great falls of that river, thence by land passing the Rocky mountains to a navigable part of the Kootenai three hundred and forty miles, of which two hundred would admit good boats, and one hundred and forty miles over tremendous mountains which for sixty miles are covered with eternal snows, then sixty-three miles down the Kootenai into a south eastwardly branch of the Columbia, one hundred and fifty-four miles down that to the main river of the Columbia, and then four hundred and thirteen miles to the Pacific, in all three thousand five hundred and fifty-five miles from the mouth of the Missouri to the mouth of the Columbia. In this last river the tide flows one hundred and eighty-three miles to within seven miles of its great rapids, and so far would admit large sloops; and from thence upwards may be navigated by batteaux and perriaguers. He speaks of this whole line furnishing the most valuable furs in the world, and a short and direct course for them to the eastern coast of China; but that the greatest part of these would be from the head of the Missouri. He says it is fortunate he did not send back from the head of the Missouri any part of his force, consisting of thirty one men, as more than once they owed their lives and the fate of the expedition to their numbers. One man of his party had died before he reached Fort Mandan in one thousand eight hundred and four; every other one is returned in good health.
Capt. Lewis expected to remain at St. Louis some days to settle with and discharge his men, and would then set out for Washington, by the way of Vincennes, Loui'sville, Abingdon, Fincastle, Staunton and Charlottesville. He is accompanied by the great Mandan chief, who is on a visit to Washington. Capt. Lewis speaks of his colleague, Captain Clarke, in the most affectionate terms, and declares his equal title to whatever merit may be ascribed to the success of this enterprize.
The Trenton True American says, from what we have yet learnt, we presume that
Henry Southard, William Helms, John Lambert, Ezra Darby, James Sloan, and Thomas Newbold, the gentlemen composing the Republican ticket, are elected by a large majority.
RACE BALL.
THE Company of the Ladies of Washington and George Town with any Ladies visiting them, is requested at the Ball at Mr. STEELE'S HOTEL on Wednesday evening next, without further invitation.
Robt. Brent, A. Carr, Miss B. Caldwell, Wm. Brent, I. A. Coker, James D. Barry, Lewis Ford, Daniel Carmick. MANAGERS. October 27.
To the members of the North Carolina Gold Mine Company—
GENTLEMEN, I lately visited the land in North Carolina belonging to the company, and rode several days in various parts of it. The fertility of the soil exceeded very much the most favorable idea I had formed of it. I saw some of the best corn in it that I saw during our whole route through Virginia and North Carolina, and I was informed by general Steele, late controller of the United States, who resides not far from the land, that he had made particular enquiries respecting them, since my former visit, and learnt that they were very good corn and cotton lands, and it was his opinion if the company kept the land a little while till they could select such portions for the gold as they might incline to retain, they might sell the remainder for the whole purchase money they gave, viz. 110,000 dollars. Some of the corn that I thought so fine was in ground that had been in cultivation for ten years; and this is the driest year, that the oldest inhabitants remember for fifty years. The grounds except in a few cultivated places are generally covered with good timber. Some company viewing the land with me, measured one of the trees by the road side, and found it nine feet six inches circumference, and above a hundred feet high; orchards of apples, pears, peaches, &c. flourish in a very luxuriant manner, and red clover, with plaster of Paris, grows astonishingly. Before I mention the gold runs, it may be proper to observe that the healing springs are surrounded within the distance of half a mile by the company's land.
These are powerfully chalybeate, and were resorted to from various parts of the country as well as from South Carolina, not only on account of the tonic virtues of the water, but also in consequence of the salubrity of the air and healthiness of the country. From the number who have visited these springs this summer, (the first) it is imagined they will be much resorted to hereafter.
This was one of the most unfavorable seasons I could have selected for an examination of the runs for gold. They were dry like most of those we passed in Virginia and North Carolina; indeed so dry that no examination could be made of them for gold but with great trouble, as it was necessary to carry the sand and gravel in small portions, sometimes above a mile before water could be found, and what gold was obtained was principally found by washing the gravel and sand where there was water, rather than by searching for the gold where there were indications; and though this was the case I did not see a single trying pan full of gravel and sand, washed without gold being found therein. Some fine specimens were obtained, one of about two penny weights, and some smaller; but after we had obtained about twenty dollars worth, we were prevented from proceeding by the want of water to wash for more—though from what I saw, I am of opinion we might have got some hundred dollars worth in a very short distance, if the branch had not dried up. While we were engaged in washing for gold, Mr. Love, one of the proprietors of the adjoining mine of Mr. Read, on washing some of our gravel and sand, in which he found gold, said in my hearing, that he really thought our prospect as good as theirs. They have only four hundred acres, and though it is said they have obtained between thirty and forty thousand dollars worth of gold from this small place, they value it still at one hundred thousand dollars. We possess thirty five thousand acres at least!—The gold of ours is perfectly pure. It requires no purification. I visited Mr. Read's mine and found that by amalgamation with quicksilver, which is very easy, and which answers completely, a great quantity of gold is obtained from the sand, after picking out all the lump gold. I was informed they got about six or seven ounces, at a distillation several times a week, from a very small still. I afterwards visited the mines of Mrs. Parker and Mr. Harris. They lie in a hill that intersects the company's land. Mr. Harris in ploughing across a small branch in his land, turned up a good sized piece of gold. Having no regular weights he tried it in a pair of scales against a pewter plate and spoon, which it outweighed. He then searched the run, and was successful in finding gold. This little branch runs immediately into the company's land, lying between it and Mrs. Parker's. But it was dry, and I consequently made no search in it—nor in any of the branches on that side, though I heard of gold being found in several. Mrs. Parker's mine was discovered, as I was informed, in a very unexpected manner. Hearing of several discoveries, she said in a joking manner, to some company, while drinking tea with her, "I wish gentlemen any of you could find a gold mine in my land."—On which Mr. Esherton said, I will go, madam, and search for you. He went, and in a little time returned with a very good specimen. After this they found six hundred dollars worth, and this season three hundred more, though they had not yet prepared any apparatus for even washing the gravel and sand. They were making a small wooden machine when I was there. I cannot pretend to give an account of all the places where gold has been discovered in the grounds belonging to the company, for it will take some time before they can be sufficiently explored, and but few of the streams and small runs have yet been searched in the slightest manner. Every place examined, though some lie many miles apart, has furnished gold, except one, and that had but a very slight examination, and perhaps not deep enough. Among the principal places that promise well, from the small trials made, I must mention the Rock-hole creek, which are branches that join about three miles below their sources. The one where I got most of the gold in consequence of there being a small supply of water is the west branch. The upper end could not be examined, nor any place but one for want of water. The East branch is supposed from a single trial to be good, but the want of water prevented any further search. Three forks of the creek, about three miles each contain gold—but little search could be made for the same reason. Mr. Robbins, who lives below, told me he found gold below the junction of these branches, some was found in Cucumber creek. The prospect good. Some in the Camp branch of Island creek, also in Long creek and below Mr. Harris's. Mrs. Osburn took only as much sand and gravel as she could carry between her hands, from a small spring in the company's land between the Rock-hole branch, and on washing it found a piece equal to a dollar, and two pieces equal to half a dollar in value, besides some smaller pieces. It appears on examination that some of the hills are rich in gold, and I think it is not carried far by the currents, but only falls down into the small hollows, and little branches near which it originally lies, as it has been found in considerable quantities in the smallest depressions on the hills, as well as in the more deep runs and branches. Were we to measure all the runs, the small branches, the springs and depressions where gold has been found in the company's land, I think I may admit the truth of the current opinion there, that the company possess
100 miles of gold land. Though it may be highly advantageous to work some of the places already discovered, and particularly Rock-hole Branch, and the Spring Branch, I think a further examination of the runs essential, as it is admitted our discoveries already made entitle us to expect immense returns, if our operations be well directed in the first instance. The expenses are so very trifling, that the whole necessary apparatus will not cost 200 dollars; but the particulars will be laid before the directors, for their consideration.
I am, Gentlemen, Very respectfully, &c. W. THORNTON.
City of Washington, October 20, 1806.
Arrived at Baltimore on Sunday last ship Thomas Wilson, capt. Gardner, in 126 days from Mocha. Off the isle of France was boarded by the French Drake British frigate, one of the blockading squadron; who after firing about 100 musket shot into us, came on board and impressed 3 of the crew. They informed us they had captured the ship Erin of Baltimore, and sent her to Mocha. Off St. Helena was boarded by the British ship Astrea, with Mr. Erskine, the British minister, on board, bound for the Chesapeake. A melancholy event took place about 70 miles above Mocha—a short time before sailing, the American ship Essex, capt. Ome, was attacked by an Arab ship of considerable force, taken possession of and plundered: the crew all murdered, and the ship, sunk. Brand was resorted to by them, otherwise they could not have taken her. The owner of the Arab ship said, Mahomed Ikle prevailed upon capt. Ome to discharge his pilot at Camera, and to receive on board his ship his brother and a number of his slaves, as passengers; and that they would assist in the management of his ship from Camera to Hadado, which capt. O. in an unfortunate moment, consented to, the ship proceeding in company—they were attacked at the same time from without and from within, and their fate was soon decided. I apprehend nothing of this kind in future will happen, for he is now afraid to go elsewhere than to Loheya, and the island of Camera, where he now is; the sovereignty of this island belongs to him, having purchased the same from the seniff of Loheya. It is said he is about to proceed to Muscat, and I think it of consequence that his movements should be known in America, that such an atrocious act may not go unpunished.
New-York, Oct. 23.
Letters were received in town yesterday from Boston announcing the arrival there of the ship New Galen from London, with intelligence to the 4th Sept. at which time the expectation of Lord Lauderdale's speedy return to England, and the prospect of continued war, had caused a great depression of the stocks. Mr. Fox, it is added, had experienced a relapse, and was so unwell that little hope was entertained of his surviving more than three or four days.
An article dated Gottenburgh, Aug. 1, says—"On the 29th ult. a dreadful fire broke in the town of Uddewalla, about 50 English miles from hence, which in a short time reduced the whole town, together with the arsenal, tar wharfs, iron works, &c. &c. to ashes—not a single house remains! Upwards of four thousand inhabitants were burnt out, whose distress is beyond description. What adds to it is that 13,000 dozen of deals, with which they might have erected temporary habitations, were destroyed in the fire. Very liberal subscriptions have been entered into for their assistance."
Extract of a letter from a gentleman in Augusta, to his friend in Savannah, dated Sept. 28.
"After a very long and serious drought, it commenced raining here at a most tremendous rate a few days ago, and although the moon was at the full yesterday, the weather does not seem to break up—it continues raining much longer, the crops must suffer greatly. The river rose at Augusta, yesterday, 12 feet in the course of four hours."
Philadelphia, Oct. 21.
At a joint meeting of the Select and Common Councils Robert Wharton, Esq. was this day chosen Mayor of the city for the ensuing year. John Inkkeft, Esq. late Mayor, having been appointed President of the North American Insurance Company, declined being a candidate.
The British brig of war Avon, having on board Mr. Erskine, British minister to the United States, was spoke on the 6th inst. off Bermuda, bound to the Chesapeake.
Philadelphia, Oct. 23.
The ship Ocean, Girdon, from Bordeaux, is below.—Left the city the 11th and the Cordovan, 17th Sept. Captain Girdon informs that the emperor of Russia had refused his sanction to the treaty made by his minister, D'Oubril at Paris, and that Lord Lauderdale still remained at Paris.
FOR SALE.
THREE likely young NEGRO MEN, one of whom is a good waiter, and all under good character. Enquire at Mr. Jos. M. Semmes Tavern. October 17—3t
The Subscribers residing near the Navy Yard, offer for sale on the most reasonable terms the following
GROCERIES. Cognac, and Brandy, French, Gin, Holland, and Rum, Country, Jamaica, and New England, Whiskey. London Particular Madeira Wine, Spirit and Whiskey Sources. A fresh supply of Teas of the First quality and latest importation. Smoked salmon, Pickled do. in kits, Smoked herring in boxes, Cod or Dumb fish in kits, Tongues and feasts in kits, Moulded in boxes, Chocolate in boxes or pounds, Sugar in barrels, Cheeses, &c. with a number of other articles. JOSEPH CASSIN & Co. October 27—2w
W. M. S. NICHOLLS, HAS JUST RECEIVED, A complete assortment of Fall and Winter Goods, which are large and handsome, being bought on the best terms—will be sold low for cash or tobacco. George Town, Oct. 27—3w
NOTICE.
By order of the Orphans Court at Washington county, will be sold at public sale, on Thursday the 6th day of November next, at Joseph M. Semmes's tavern, all the personal estate of Joseph Taylor, deceased, consisting of wearing apparel, one gold watch, Washington Life neatly bound in calf, one bureau, one portable electrical Machine, one shower bath, &c. The terms of sale are, all sums not exceeding 50 dollars, cash, for all sums above 50 dollars a credit of three months, the purchaser giving note with approved endorser, interest to be included from the day of sale. The sale will commence at 11 o'clock A. M. JOHN DAVIDSON, WASHINGTON BOYD, Executors of Joseph Taylor, deceased. Oct. 27—tdos
CHEAP FALL GOODS.
T. W. PAIRO has just returned from Philadelphia with his FALL & WINTER GOODS, the greatest part of which he can sell considerably lower, than he was able to do last year. THEY CONSIST OF Superfine cloths, Second & coarse, do. Cassimere & coatings, Bombazets, bay, Barikets, Combs of a variety, Calicoes, cambrics, Crapes, netting cotton, Super. playing cards, Jefferson cord, Pennets and cotton do. Dimities, fustians, Flannels, Glove of great variety, Ginghams, bandannos, Silk head handkerchiefs of great beauty, Madras do. Linen and cotton do. Ladies silk hose, lead colored, white and black, Cotton & worsted, do. of a great variety, Gentlemen's silk, cotton and worsted, do. Children and servant do. Best Philadelphia hats London do. Knives and forks, Irish linens, German do. Very fine lawns, Black and green lute strings, Beads, diaper, Mouselins very cheap, Plain leno, Leno and mull handkerchiefs, Leno caps, India jaconet, Sprig'd do. Cotton and silk chammbrays, Bock muffin, Very handsome ribbons, Swan's down, Damask silk shawls, Camels hair and cotton do. Muffs and dippets, Sarinets, fustians, Spanish segars, Suspender, Ladies shoes, Childrens do. London Fashions with additional and extra keys, & plain do. Bed ticking, Table cloths, Ticklets and velvets, Cotton and silk umbrellas, Spermeceti candles, Window glass to by ts, Fancy waistcoats, and a great many other articles.
Groceries of a Superior quality.
T. W. Pairo has been particularly careful in buying the following assortment of Groceries, which he expects in about 10 days. Madeira wines, Old Sherry, Particular Teneriffa Port wine, Claret, Malaga, Brandy, Jamaica Spirits, Rum, Gin, Cherry-Bounce, Whiskey, Imperial Old Sylon and Souchong Teas, Loaf, Lump, and Brown Sugars, Currants, Prunes and Almonds. H. B. Part of the above dry Goods will not arrive before the beginning of next week. October 27—6t
Durham Parish, Charles county 20th September, 1806.
The Veilry and Church Wardens of Durham Parish, Charles county, Maryland, hereby give notice that their parish is and has been for some time vacant and that they will to comply a CLERGYMAN of the protestant episcopal church, of a fair character to officiate in said Parish. The average amount of subscriptions for the last four years was, about 400 dollars per annum, besides a Glebe that rents for 1000 lbs crop tobacco per annum. By order of the veilry. W. M. BRAWNER, Reg. October 24—w6t
NEGROES.
FOR SALE, for a term of years, several Likely young Women, among them is a very good cook. To hire by the year, two good Laborers and a Boy—they all have good characters. Also to rent on month's rent, square 147, a Two story FRAME HOUSE with two rooms on a floor and a passage. Enquire of the Printer, October 15—w4t
WASHINGTON CITY.
MONDAY, OCTOBER 27.
Last arrivals at New York, and Philadelphia give intelligence of the most importance.
By the arrival of the ship Harbawara at the former place, Liver not here to the 4th, and London dates to the 20th of September are received.
On the arrival of the ship Fox was DIED, during the negotiations for a Peace were spoken of, and that for a long while was on his way home.
With respect to Mr. Fox, Liverport papers (which are to the 4th Sept. inclusive) state that he was tapped a second time on the 30th of August, and had 14 quarts of fetal water taken from him; the report of his death, therefore, is probably not without foundation.
The fears of invasion, which were lately so prevalent at Lisbon that many British merchants were selling off their property, had very much abated. At Madrid the opinion of peace was so prevalent that the discount upon the Paris had fallen from 157 to 50 per cent.
Lord St. Vincent, with a number of ships, was in the Tagus, and a considerable addition to his force was under orders for sailing.
The London papers state, that the last Hamburg mail brought accounts that Prussia has assumed a war-like attitude, and her armies are every where in motion. All absent generals have been ordered to Berlin to receive their several commands. The rapacity of France is the cause assigned for these preparations. Bonaparte, it is said, has demanded the cession of East Friesland, Embden, and some other little corners of Prussia, to give them to the new king of Holland, and has sent his army to carry his views into effect.
By the arrival at Philadelphia of the ship Ocean from Bourdeaux, Paris papers to the 6th, and Bourdeaux papers to the 11th of September have been received.
Paris advices to the 6th of September, state, that the Emperor of Russia, had refused to ratify the treaty, which his minister, D'Oubril, had entered into with the French government. That the Emperor Napoleon had ordered a new levy of eighty thousand men in the southern departments of France—that extraordinary levies of troops had been ordered in Russia—and that the British ambassador, Lord Lauderdale, was at Paris, on 6th of September.
HAMBURGH, August 25.
The Prussians have quitted the mouths of the rivers Elbe and Weser; the province of Lauenburg is restored to the Swedes, by which cession the king of Sweden has obtained every thing he wished for. Time will explain these phenomena.
HANOVER, Aug. 24.
The greatest military activity prevails in and around this city—at this moment transports with recruits, and horses to remount the cavalry, are arriving.
The fortress of Hamelin is provisioned for several months; and the garrison, completed, as also that of Nieuwourg.
Washington Jockey Club RACES.
WILL commence on TUESDAY the 28th day of October next—free for any horse, mare or gelding—carrying the following weights, viz.
Aged horses, 126 lbs. Six years old, 122 lbs. Five years old, 112 lbs. Four years old, 100 lbs. Three years old, 85 lbs. There will be an allowance of three pounds for mares and geldings.
The first day's purse, Four mile Heats, it is supposed will be at least 750 dollars—that being the amount of it last year.
On Wednesday the 29th, the second day's Jockey Club Purse, the Three mile Heats, it is supposed will be worth 400 dollars.
Thursday the 30th—will be run for a cup of Fifty Guineas value—a single Four mile Heat, free only to subscribers.
And one hour after, will be run for the LADY'S PLATE—Two mile Heats—free only to members of the Club.
Each day's race to begin precisely at one o'clock, P. M.
All delinquent members of the Club, are earnestly requested to make immediate payment of their dues to the secretary and Treasurer.
Tells, as usual, will be collected at the gates, for the benefit of the Club.
No person will be permitted to stand within the cords—and all dogs found on the course, will be destroyed.
All persons desirous of erecting Booths, and make speedy application to the secretary with Treasurer, for licences for that purpose.
The foregoing regulations will be strictly enforced, by persons employed to carry them into effect.
By order, JOHN TAYLOR, Pr. W. J. C.
John Mason, Thomas Peck, Henry O'Reilly, Nathan Lufborough, Test DENNISON DARLING, Secretary and Treasurer, CHESTER BAILEY, Clerk of the course. September 16—cau:12

SALE AT AUCTION. ON MONDAY the 2d day of December, will be held at Public Auction at the House of his Britannic Majesty's Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to the United States, in the City of Washington, all his HOUSEHOLD KITCHEN FURNITURE. Consisting of elegant Mahogany Bedsteads, Chairs, Tables, Sofas, elegant Brussels Carpeting, the greater part of which is new. Cuspidors, Beds, Mattresses, and Bed Furniture, all finished in the newest fashion; some elegant Bath Rooms, two English Carriages, with Harness for four horses, finished in the newest fashion, and other articles of saddlery. Also a quantity of China and Berlin Ware; a quantity of elegant Cut and plain Glass; a large quantity of empty Porter and Stone Bottles, Carden utensils of all kinds; and eventually, several dozen of English Brown Stout, Ale, and Wines of different kinds, and Liquors. The sale to commence at 11 o'clock in the forenoon, if fair; if not, the next fair day, and to continue from day to day till all are sold. Terms made known at time and place of sale. The property may be viewed three days previous to the day of sale. ON SATURDAY, October 17—1801
ATLAN YARD FOR SALE. SITUATE on sq. east of sq. 642 in the city of Washington, together with 21 lots containing 77,198 square feet of ground in said square, the whole of which is completely enclosed with an excellent post and rail fence. The buildings consist of a well built brick dwelling house 30 by 15 1/2 ft. 2 stories high, and a large kitchen, a brick currying shop and warehouse 30 by 15 1/2 ft. one story high, and a frame leather house, a tan yard containing 25 excellent tans or vats which are uniformly supplied by water conveyed from a spouting post in the yard, a bark and mill house 46 ft. 14. sufficient to contain 100 cords of bark, with a drying loft over the same, a beam house 20 by 16 ft.—likewise a stable for 6 horses. This situation for carrying on the tanning business is not excelled by any other in the State, as green hides, &c. can be purchased in the city to any reasonable amount, where a ready market is found for every species of leather. TERMS—One fourth of the purchase money to be paid down at closing the contract, and the remainder at 3 equal payments, satisfactorily secured at 3, 6 & 9 months with interest—discount of 8 per cent. per annum will be given for the 3 last payments if discharged at the time of the sale. Possession to be given on 1st April next. The present occupant will treat with the purchaser for his stock of hides then in vats bark and tanning utensils. Any person inclined to purchase will of course view the premises. For terms apply to Robert Underwood, Treasury Department, City of Washington, Oct. 17—tf
FOR SALE, WILL be offered for sale by auction on the Race Field, the second day of the Washington Races, which are to commence on Tuesday 28th inst. the ELEGANT BARBARY HORSE AND TWO MARES, which were brought from Tunis by his Excellency the Tunisian Ambassador, and intended as a present to the Executive of the United States. Those inclined to purchase can view the above Horses any day previous to the sale, at the stables of Mr. Wm. Crawford (late M c Laughlin) in George Town. October 17—
ATTENTION!!! Those persons that wish to purchase the GENUINE PATENT & FAMILY MEDICINES OF RICHARD LEE & SON MUST APPLY TO Mr. Daniel Rapine, Capitol Hill, Washington, & Dr. John Ott, George Town. "An ounce of prevention is worth pounds of cure." For the prevention and cure of Bilious and Malignant Fevers, is recommended Lee's Anti-Bilious Pills, Prepared by Richard Lee & Son, Baltimore. THIS medicine has, for eight years past been attended with a degree of success highly grateful to the inventor's feelings, in several parts of the West Indies, and the southern part of the U. States, particularly in Baltimore, Petersburg, Richmond, Norfolk, Edenton, Wilmington, Charleston and Savannah. The testimony of a number of persons in each of the above places has been adduced, who have reason to believe that a timely use of this salutary remedy has, under Providence, preferred their lives when in the most alarming circumstances. Bases of this conclusive nature, speak more in favor of a medicine than columns of pompous eulogy, founded on mere assertion. It is not indeed presumptuously proposed as an infallible cure, but the inventor has every possible reason that can result from extensive experience, for believing that a dose of these pills taken once every two weeks, during the prevalence of an infectious fevers, will prove an infallible preventative: & further, that in the early stages of those disorders, their use will very generally succeed in restoring health and frequently in cases effected desperate, and beyond the power of common remedies. The operation of these pills is perfectly mild, & so used with safety by persons in every situation and of every age. They are excellently adapted to carry off superfluous bile, and prevent its morbid secretions—to restore and amend the appetite—produce a free perspiration, and thereby prevent colds, which are often of fatal consequence; a dose never fails to remove a cold, if taken on its first appearance. They are celebrated for removing habitual costiveness—relieving the stomach and liver head aches—and ought to be taken by all persons on a change of climate. They have been found remarkably effectual in preventing and curing disorders attendant on long voyages, and should be procured and carefully preserved for use by every seaman.
Lee's Infallible Fever and Ague Drops, For the cure of Agues, Remittent and Intermitting fevers. Thousands can testify of their being cured by these drops, after the bark and every other medicine have proved unsuccessful. Not one in a hundred has had occasion to take more than one, and numbers not half a bottle. These drops are particularly recommended to the inhabitants of low marshy countries, where the worst sort of agues generally prevail which, unless early attended to, and speedily removed, injure the constitution exceedingly, bring on dropsies, putrid fevers, and a variety of complaints of the most dangerous and alarming nature. Many other medicines are daily offered to the public for the cure of this disorder, which, upon trial, have been found either dangerous or useless. The bark is the usual remedy made use of but being a very noisy noisy medicine, and seldom taken in sufficient quantity, it very often fails; children and those who have weak stomachs, are frequently lost for want of a more easy and pleasant remedy.
Sovereign Ointment for the Itch. A preparation which for pleasantness, ease, safety, and expedition, gives place to no application whatever; free from mercury, or any pernicious ingredient.
Lee's Worm Destroying Lozenges. Which have within seven years past cured up wards of one hundred thousand persons of both sexes, of every age and in every situation, of various dangerous complaints, arising from worms and from obstructions or toulness in the stomach and bowels—they are perfectly safe and pleasant, and may be given to the youngest infant or the most delicate pregnant lady with propriety.
Lee's Genuine Eye Water. A sovereign remedy for all diseases of the eye, whether the effect of natural weakness or of accident.
Tooth Ache Drops. The only remedy yet discovered which gives immediate and lasting relief in the most severe instances.
Genuine Persian Lotion. So celebrated among the fashionable throughout Europe, as an invaluable cosmetic, perfectly innocent and free from corrosive and repellent minerals, (the basis of other lotions) and unparalleled efficacy in preventing and removing blemishes of every kind, particular curls, tatters, ring worms, sun burns, prickly heat, premature wrinkles, &c.
Lee's Genuine Essence and Extract of Mustard. A safe and effectual remedy for Acute, Chronic Rheumatism, Gout, Palsy, Lumbago, Numbness, White Swellings, Chilblains, Sprains, Bruises, Pains in the face and neck &c.
The Anodyne Elixir, For the cure of every kind of Head-Ache.
Lee's Damask Lip Salve, Is recommended (particularly to the Ladies) as an elegant and pleasant preparation for chopped and sore lips, and every blemish and inconvenience occasioned by colds, fevers, &c. speedily restoring a beautiful rosy color and delicate softness to the lips.
Restorative Powder for the Teeth and Gums. Lee's genuine Corn Plaster. An infallible remedy for speedily removing Corns, Root and Branch, without giving pain.
Indian Vegetable Specific, For the cure of Venereal Complaints. It will be prudent in all who estimate the value of health, to observe that each of the above articles have the signature of Richard Lee & Son, on the outside wrappers, without which none are genuine. Letters directed for Richard Lee & Son, No. 17, Market Street, Baltimore, will be punctually attended to. October 10—6w
TO BE LET For the next Season, or for SALE, the following capital Imported Horses, CLAREN, DRIVER, & KING HIRAM. Also the famous American running horse, WILD MEDLEY. Some thorough bred Colts, some broad tailed RAMS and SHEEP for sale. Applications by letter must be paid.
A Manager Wanted, For the ensuing year. No one need apply who cannot bring a good character for honesty, industry, and sobriety. WILLIAM THORNTON. City of Washington, Oct. 10—
On a liberal credit. THE subscriber will dispose of at private sale, his estate called Chichester, lying on the eastern branch, immediately opposite the city of Washington. This tract of land containing 697 acres is laid off in lots from 33 to 144 acres for the convenience of purchasers. Plats of the estate and the terms of sale are in the hands of colonel Mason on the assay yard, and Charles Wayman of George Town. The lots will be shown by Mr. Woden, living on the premises, near the eastern branch bridge. ANTHONY ADDISON. Barnaby, 12th June 1805—tf
Twenty Dollars Reward. WILL be given for apprehending an escaping jailor, a young Mulatto man named ANDREW. He was hired by myself last year to Mr. Joseph Thomas who lives on the road to Alexandria, and absconded from that place about the latter end of August last. He is about 23 years of age, 5 feet 8 or 9 inches high, lusty and well made, has short curly hair, and is frequently subject to have several large pimples on his face. He is reckoned to be a sensible fellow of an easy agreeable address for a man in his low sphere of life. As he has not been heard of by me since hiselopment, I suspect he has had the address to ship himself as a freeman on board some vessel either at Alexandria or Baltimore. Whoever takes him up and secures him in jail shall receive from me the above reward, or as soon as information thereof is given to me or to Dr. N. P. Causin at Port Tobacco.
Charles H. Varden, Merchant Taylor, New Jersey Avenue, near the Capitol. RESPECTFULLY informs the gentlemen of the district of Columbia, that he has received by late arrivals at Philadelphia from London, a fresh supply of the best superfine cloths, cambrics, &c. with a choice assortment of plain nankeens, cotton cashmere, India nankeens, blue and yellow, fashionable Trafalgar white and fancy Marcellies, with a variety of other articles suitable for the summer.
TO RENT, THE COMMODOIOUS BRICK STORE near the Capitol, now in the occupation of Messrs. P. Kealy & Co. Possession to be given on the 1st of May. Enquire of Frederick May. March 23—tf
ELIAS B. CALDWELL, ATTORNEY AT LAW, Has removed his Office, to the house lately occupied by Mr. Law, on Capitol Hill. Washington, July 26—tf
Post Office, Washington. MAIL ESTABLISHMENT, To commence 13th October, 1806. The Northern mail by way of Baltimore will arrive every day at 5 P. M. and be closed at 8 P. M. The Southern mail, by way of Alexandria, will arrive every day at 5 P. M. and be closed at 8 P. M. The Northwestern mail, by way of Fredericktown, will arrive every Monday, Wednesday and Friday at 5 P. M. and will be closed at 8 P. M. The Eastern mail, from Annapolis and the Eastern Shore, will arrive every Tuesday and Thursday at 4 P. M. and will be closed every Tuesday and Friday at 8 P. M. The mail from Port Tobacco, Leonardtown, the Ridge, &c. will arrive every Tuesday at 6 P. M. and be closed every Thursday at 8 P. M. The mail from Benedict, Charles town, &c. will arrive every Wednesday at 6 P. M. and be closed every Friday at 8 P. M. The mail from Brookville will arrive every Thursday at 7 P. M. and be closed every Wednesday at 8 P. M. The mail from Winchester, Shepherdstown, &c. will arrive every Monday at 4 P. M. and be closed the same day at 7 P. M. The mail from Ohio by Clarkburg, Winchester, Paris, Centreville, &c. will arrive every Friday at 10 A. M. and be closed the same day at 2 P. M. The New Orleans mail by way of Port Stockett, Athens, Greenville, &c. will arrive every Saturday at 8 A. M. and be closed every Saturday at 7 P. M. The Tennessee, Mississippi and Orleans mail will arrive every Monday at 6 P. M. and be closed at 9 P. M. NOTE—During the Winter the Northern mail will not arrive until 3 P. M. THOMAS MUNROE, P. M. October 13—tf
Henry Ingle, HAS received by the Leonidas, from Liverpool, a large supply of HARDWARE amongst which are building materials, furniture, and tools for mechanics, Plated and Japaned Grate Irons, Forged Iron Handled Knives and Forks, House-Wire Fenders, &c. &c. The residue of his assortment is expected by the Sir Silers, and by the William and John September 20—tm
George Town, Washington and Baltimore Mail Stages. THE PUBLIC ARE RESPECTFULLY INFORMED THAT MYER'S NEW LINE WILL START FROM Mr. SEMMES'S Tavern, George Town and call for passengers at Rhodes, Myer's and Frost's Hotels, city of Washington. FARE THREE DOLLARS AND A HALF. October 1—tf
Stelle's Hotel & City Tavern. THE Subscriber takes this method of thanking his friends and the public for their favors whilst on the Capitol Square and begs leave to acquaint them that he has taken the Spacious Hotel lately erected by Mr. Carroll, near the Capitol. The hotel being above one hundred feet in front, and containing fifty rooms enables the subscriber to offer every accommodation to members of Congress and travellers which can be expected in a public house. PONTIUS D. STELLE. Washington City, March 25—tf N. B.—P. D. S. will rent the house lately occupied by him on the adjoining square.
William Marbury, HAS received from Philadelphia and Baltimore, and for sale by Mr. BREWER, next door above Mr. Elissa Riggs store on Bridge street. A General assortment of Fall & Fancy Goods of the latest importation, and will receive a further supply in a few days. All of which have been purchased on the best terms for cash, and will be sold very low. George Town, October 15—tw2m
60 DOLLARS REWARD. RANAWAY from the subscriber living in Prince George's county on Sunday the 29th inst. the three following slaves—a mulatto young man who calls himself BILL STEWART, he was born at Montgomery county house, was once the property of Honore Martin was purchased of him by the late Rich. Contee who sold him to me; he is a likely well made fellow about 22 years of age, 5 feet 10 inches high, his hands and feet are large; the evening before he absconded he had his hair cut close; he had with him a variety of clothing, viz. a blue coat and overalls, one light colored bear-skin coat and overalls, a swansdown waistcoat, 3 fine Irish linen shirts and some coarse shirts, three muslin neckcloths, a fine hat, price 7 dollars; he took away a prayer book, in the first page of which is written Mary Duckett. JOE who calls himself Joe Grimes, alias Graham, and HARRY, both young negro men about 21 years of age—the clothing of these cannot be described. Joe has one of his arms broken near the wrist, which makes it longer than the other; when he is spoken to he speaks fast as if his tongue was too large for his mouth. Harry, I am informed, has several large scars on his body and one of his thighs occasioned by burns when he was young. The above reward will be paid for confining the three in jail, or 50 dollars for confining Bill in jail so that I get him again. WALTER BOWIE. July 7—2awtf
Treasury Department of the United States, June 21, 1806. WHEREAS the commissioners of the Sinking fund, at a meeting held on the 28th day of April, 1806, did resolve, that the sum remaining to complete the expenditure of the annual appropriation of eight millions of DOLLARS, should among other purposes be applied to the reimbursement of the navy six per cent. stock, created in pursuance of an act of Congress passed on the 30th day of June, 1798 and to the reimbursement of the five and half per cent. stock, created in pursuance of an act of Congress passed on the 3d day of March 1795. This is therefore to give notice, that the principal of the said navy six per cent. stock with the interest due thereon, will on or before the 1st day of October next ensuing the date hereof, be paid to the respective stockholders or their lawful representatives or attorneys duly constituted and authorized, either at the Treasury, or at the Loan Office, as the case may be, where credits have been given for the amount of stock respectively held by them; and that the principal of the five and half per cent. stock, with the interest due thereon, will in like manner, and at the same places, be paid on the 1st day of January, 1807, to the respective stockholders or their lawful representatives or attorneys duly constituted and authorized. It is further made known, for the information of the parties concerned, that no transfer of the navy six per cent. stock, either from one to the books of the treasury, or from one to the books of a Commissioner of Loans, will be allowed after the 1st day of September ensuing, nor of the five and half per cent. stock, after the 1st day of December ensuing. And the interest on all certificates of said stocks, which shall not have been surrendered, in pursuance of this notification, will cease and determine on the day preceding the day hereby fixed for the reimbursement thereof. ALBERT GALLATIN, Secretary of the Treasury. June 23—tf
LOST, Supposed to be stolen on the 16th inst. a BLACK MARK, 4 years old nearly 16 hands high; she has a long blaze down her top lip—her under lip and all four feet are white, with many white hairs, on each side, under the Tail which is rather short locked and thin of hair. She has a small black spot on each fore foot near the hoof—has been used mostly in the collar and moves rather heavily. Whoever will take up the thief and Mare shall receive 20 dollars, or 10 dollars for delivering the mare to me. Charles Minnie. Washington city, near the Eastern Branch bridge. Sept 26—tf
THE SUBSCRIBER HAS just supplied his shop in F Street with a compleat assortment of fresh Medicines & Drugs, among which are Spermaceti & Linseed oils—also Paints of every description. THOMAS PATTERSON. Washington city, June 23—tf
50 Dollars Reward. RANAWAY from the subscriber, on the 20th ult. a mulatto JOE. Joe is a stout well made dark mulatto fellow, 5 feet 9 or 10 inches high, about 30 years of age—has several large scars on his hands and body, lips a little. Had on and took with him, a tow linen shirt & trowsers, one pair of nankeen trowsers, also one old furtout coat and old fur hat much worn. Joe can write a tolerable good hand & has run away before, when he was taken up & put in the Frederick town jail & sold out by George Creager in 1805. Any person taking up said fellow, and securing him in any jail so that I get him again, shall receive 50 dollars within the county, 20 dollars, and if out of the state the above reward. If brought home all reasonable charges will be paid by the subscriber living in Frederick county, Md. near New Market. SINGLETON BURGER. N. B. I forewarn all persons from harboring or carrying off said fellow at their peril. P. S. Joe ran off in company with a fellow named Adam, and they were both lately advertised together; since which Adam has been taken and secured in the jail of York, (Pa.) Joe went in the same direction, and will probably make for Philadelphia, and endeavor to get on board some vessel and go to sea. Sept. 12—rept
LOST, The following Certificates of United States Debt. No 2708 for 244 dolls. 45 cts 6 per cents. 3924 for 78 dolls. 3 per cents. 2339 for 122 dolls. 23 cts. deferred 6 per cents. Issued by the Register of the Treasury Joseph Norrie, Esqr. The 6 per cts. on the 2d September, 1791—the per cts. on the 25 January, 1791, and the deferred 6 per cts. on the 27 January, 1792, in favour of William Wilson, of Alexandria. For the renewal of which application will be made at the Treasury of the United States. WM. HODGSON. October 12th, 1806—6wcp
TO BE RENTED, The late Farm of Mary Holmes containing 500 acres of arable Land, on which will be seeded 80 bushels of wheat and Rye. Good buildings, a fine orchard and healthy situation. For terms apply to M. BROWNING, Clarkburg, Maryland. October 1—
PROPOSALS for opening, bridging and improving the road laid out under the direction of the Secretary at War, between Nashville in Tennessee and Grindstone Ford on Pierce river in the Mississippi territory, will be received at the General Post Office until the 15th day of December next. For the convenience of contractors the road will be divided into three parts, and separate proposals received for each. 1st. From Nashville to the Tennessee river, 112 miles. 2nd. From Tennessee river to Loonachitta creek, a branch of the Big Black river, 113 miles. 3rd. From Loonachitta creek to Grindstone Ford, 155 miles. NOTES. Note 1. The road is to be cleared of all trees logs and brush, twelve feet in width and made passable for a waggon. All streams not over forty feet wide are to be bridged, and the banks of other streams are to be shelved or sloped down so that they may be passable for a waggon. Note 2. The bridges are to be twelve feet broad supported by proper abutments, the bridge piers to be composed of four pieces of timber not less than 10 inches in diameter at the smallest end, and covered with hewed logs whose original diameter was not less than 8 inches, the piers or supports of the bridge not to be more than twenty feet apart. Note 3. Some parts of the road will require catwaying, which will be pointed out by the Post Master General's agent. The catwaying is to be done with logs, 10 feet in length and not less than 6 nor over 9 inches in diameter, earth is to be thrown upon them to render them passable, and where the places to be catwayed are subject to be overflowed the catwaying is to have a rider on each side keyed down by forked stakes or stones and gravel. Note 4. It is supposed that there is already a cleared waggon path on some part of the distance, no clearing is to be done where that is the case. The work is to be completed by the 1st day of October 1807. Reasonable advances will be made at the commencement of the work, and the balance paid as soon as the work is completed. Mr. R. J. Meigs, and Mr. Thomas Wright are to decide whether it be executed conformable to contract. Note 5. The proposals should state the price by the mile for clearing, the price by the yard in length for catwaying, the price by the foot in length for the bridgework, and the price by the cubic yard for sloping or shelving the banks of watercourses. GIDEON GRANGER, Postmaster-general. Sept. 15—tawtDx5