The national intelligencer and Washington advertiser. (Washington City [D.C.]), 1806-09-22 00:00:00

NATIONAL INTELLIGENCER, AND WASHINGTON ADVERTISER.
Vol. VI.
WASHINGTON CITY, PRINTED BY SAMUEL HARRISON SMITH, PENNSYLVANIA AVENUE.
No. DCCCXXXVII.
FIVE DOLLARS PER ANNUM.
MONDAY, SEPTEMBER 22, 1806.
PAID IN ADVANCE.
National Intelligencer.
[The following animated Essays are taken from a French paper. They were transplanted some time since into the Wilmington Gazette; but from some cause do not appear to have commanded that share of the public attention to which they are eminently entitled. Their length does not defer us from presenting them entire to the public. It will be noticed that they were written before Mr. Fox came into office, and that the severity with which they criticize the British ministers, is applicable to his predecessors. We trust that his policy will be too enlightened and magnanimous to merit the same reproaches. The republication of these pieces in this country is still seasonable. They present a perspicuous and condensed view of the important principles at issue; and they will powerfully tend to cherish that tone of mind which it is highly desirable the nation should maintain until our affairs are brought to an amicable settlement. They are also seasonable in another point of view. Although a vast majority of the people has pronounced the measures of their government correct, there are still a few men who are actively endeavoring to excite dissatisfaction at them. The best antidotes to such efforts are pieces of this stamp.]
FROM A PARIS PAPER.
TO THE BRITISH NATION.
Arrogant as your government has often shown itself in moments of success, proud and domineering as is the character of your civil and military officers towards unarmed & defenceless nations, I have too much philanthropy to attribute to the mass of any nation the vices of its administration. I will still delight to believe, that there exists in the British nation a fund of justice and humanity, ready to avenge the injured, & threatened rights of peaceful and impartial neutrality. In making an appeal to your sense of equity, I am still aware that I enter into an unprofitable career. The application is made to one of the coldest, against one of the most influential principles of human action. National glory, cupidity, patriotism and self love will be all invoked to combat your reason; your sense of justice. Still, supported by truth, and animated by a strong sense of unmerited injury, I come boldly to the combat, and if there yet remain in British bosoms, more love of honor than of money, more regard to reputation than wealth—more respect for justice than passion for domination, I shall not make my appeal without effect.
During the whole course of the late and present wars, it is well known to all Europe, and to no part of it better than to yourselves, that the conduct of your cruisers, & of your courts of admiralty has been marked by an uninterrupted series of violations of neutral rights. So long as these infractions were restrained within such bounds, that upon authentic calculations, neutral nations thought it cheaper to submit to injustice, rather than incur the expenses and risques of the process necessary to redress, so long have they submitted to it as an inevitable evil. But increasing insolence, and accumulated injury have fully proved the wisdom of the ancient maxim, "Obsta principiis," and have compelled us to adopt the sentiment of an elegant writer of your own country, "that a nation who weighs its purse against its rights, will in the end be sure to lose both."
In the early part of the late war, America made a stand, and it was a feeble one against your gigantic maritime pretensions, and 1,200,000 pounds sterling paid by you to her citizens, while it is a recorded proof of the injustice of your seizures, had perhaps the double and unfortunate effect of lulling her into security, and of exposing her in a defenceless state to the storm which appears to be now ready to burst upon her head.
Within a few months past, your cruisers and your obedient tribunals have overstepped the feeble boundaries which a sense of justice had hitherto opposed to rapacity, and the purleus or Doctors Commons would lead a stranger to believe, that America, and not France, was the object of your vengeance. Aware of the just indignation of a brave and loyal people, your ministry are endeavoring to shelter themselves from the tempest, and by rousing the avarice and the resentment of the nation, to throw the responsibility from their own shoulders upon those of the people. A pamphlet, we learn, has lately appeared, under royal sanction, attempt-
ing to justify their unprincipled and unexampled aggressions, and preparing the public mind for what they know will be the effect of their perseverance, an open war.
Will you lend a patient ear to a stranger, while he examines one or two of the principles advanced by your courts styling themselves courts of justice?—& in the second place, while he offers a brief reply to some of the ideas said to be advanced in the ministerial pamphlet in favor of a war with America.
Although from the nature of the case, there can be less precision and certainty in discussing questions upon the law of nations than upon those of municipal authority, founded upon decrees or statutes, yet the common consent of all the nations of Europe to adopt certain principles as laid down by certain able commentators on these laws, and the introduction of these writers, as authorities in the courts of admiralty, seem to have furnished a solid basis on which to rest our opinions on any questions which may arise between conflicting nations.
Great Britain especially has no right to controvert the principles laid down by these writers; because she has uniformly received them as authorities in her courts, and has always made them the basis of her claims on other nations, in her judicial and diplomatic relations. If on the other hand, there existed no such commentators, nor any positive conventions between nations, still the force and obligation of the laws of nations, founded on the immutable principles of justice and morality, would be equally great; but in this latter case we could only have recourse to the principles of natural law suggested and deduced by impartial reason.—Let us examine the two great modern, novel doctrines advanced, and attempted to be enforced by G. Britain, by either of these standards. And, first, as to her interdiction of the colonial trade either directly or indirectly . G. Britain contends that neutrals in time of war shall not carry on a trade between the colonies of her enemy and the mother country, which was not lawful in time of peace, although the trade be bona fide on neutral account—at neutral risk, and for neutral profit.
On what authority is this extensive and important principle founded? Is there a single dictum in Puffendorf—in Grotius—or Vattel which justifies it? Is it supported by any convention explicit or implied made between any nations of Europe? Have there been any usages in past wars, decisions of any courts of admiralty which countenance it?
To all these questions we can boldly reply. None. Not a sentiment like this can be found in any writer; nor has any nation but G. Britain yet dared to offer such an affront to the rights of independent nations.
On the contrary, no principle can be more clearly settled than that neutrals may freely carry on their commerce with belligerent nations, with the single, well defined exceptions, of not giving relief to an invested and blockaded city or fortress , and of not supplying the enemy with things appertaining to war , to which has been applied the appellation of contraband .
This privilege of neutrals is even carried so far, that neutral nations have the right to supply freely one of the belligerent nations with implements of war , provided its usual commerce in time of peace consisted in supplying such articles. Never did the question, whether the traffic was such a one as was allowed by the belligerent nation in time of peace, applied to any other than contraband articles, arise in any single instance, till the British, inspired by the same jealousy against the Dutch in 1756, as now actuates them against the Americans, chose to advance this monstrous doctrine.
And let me ask, what is it to G. Britain, if France or Holland should see fit during a war to relax their municipal regulations, in favor of other nations? If these nations supply them with none of those articles which are denominated contraband of war, what pretext could G. Britain have to complain of the indulgence? The enormous and preposterous principles set up by the British courts, would go the length to say, that no nation at war with her, could change her municipal laws, could alter her colonial regulations in time of war. Let us examine this point a little nearer as it respects G. Britain, and her own conduct, and see whether it comports with her principles. It is a well known fact, that by the standing laws of G. Britain, other nations have no right to supply the British colonies with provisions or to carry on any trade therewith. Particular permission is, however, granted in time of war, by proclamations from the governors of these islands, authorizing the importation of provisions during the existence of the scarcity only . Did G. Britain ever conceive, did any other nation ever contend, that the American vessels which carry on this commerce were a lawful prize to the enemies of G. Britain? Miserable indeed would be the situation of the Caribee islands if such a construction had prevailed! Yet it must be admitted that the case are perfectly analogous. It is a trade which the Americans were not free to
exercise in time of peace, and which G. Britain allows only on account of her necessities in time of war.
To show that this principle set up in one case only by the British courts in the war of 1756, and afterwards wholly abandoned till the year 1794, is not one on the solidity of which the British courts themselves place any great reliance, we will examine the history of its exercise and execution.
No one can doubt that, with the British power and with the British compter to maintain all their legal maritime rights, they have extended their principles as far and as last as the law of nations would warrant.
They set up this principle of the illegality of the trade between the colony and the mother country, against the Americans, in the year 1793. They founded it upon the ground, and the single ground , that the trade not having been lawful in time of peace, and being granted only on account of the inability of their enemies to carry it on themselves, was for that reason only unlawful. If this doctrine was founded in law, then the trade between America itself and those colonies, having been unlawful in time of peace, was equally illegal in time of war. But at no moment have they dared to start this odious idea, though on principles equally tenable. A few captures only were made before our treaty with G. Britain, and for these few ample compensation has been made by G. Britain, thus implicitly recognizing the injustice of the principle.
The residue in another number.
AN AMERICAN.
SECOND ADDRESS TO THE BRITISH NATION.
Permit me to resume the history of the proceedings of your courts in relation to the question of the trade with the colonies of your enemies, and indulge me to hope that it will excite a blush in the countenance of every honest Briton. During the whole of the war of 1756, and the greater part of the existing one, this principle was either suffered to lie dormant, or when brought into exercise in a few cases, it was construed to extend only to cases of direct intercourse between the colony of the enemy and the mother country. The right of the Americans to trade with the colonies, to transport the produce of those colonies to America, and from thence to Europe, was explicitly sanctioned by a long series of decrees, either never appealed from, or at least never reversed or even doubted. Sir William Scott, the most intelligent judge that Doctors' Commons has ever produced, sanctioned this right in a variety of cases, out of which I will cite the Polly, Lasky, in which that learned officer declared, "that if the landing the goods in America , and securing the duties, was not sufficient to break the continuity of the voyage, and to render of course the re-exportation of the goods lawful, he did not know what circumstances would suffice."
In every case therefore where the goods had been landed, sir William Scott ordered the restoration of them.
Will it be contended, that sir Wm. Scott, an eminent practitioner in Doctors' Commons for 40 years, was ignorant of this principle of the law of nations? Or will it be contended that foreign nations are bound to admit a principle of doubtful authority, of which the most eminent man of the nation most interested to extend belligerent rights against those of neutrals, was ignorant after 40 years' study?
Last year the court of appeals, consisting of three officers in the pay of the crown, in the case of the Essex, Orne, reversed the decision of sir Wm. Scott, and laid down the monstrous rule, that the goods, though landed in a neutral country, are still liable to seizure if re-exported by the same person who had imported them. Had these gentlemen sitting as a court of appeals, discovered with their telescopic eyes some new planet, some new light in the science of the law of nations which justified such a departure from her former decisions? If they have, let them state the look and page. Sir Wm. Scott is, however, still ignorant of this authority, because in the application of it to the case of the brig owned by Messrs. Bradbury of Boston, he acknowledges his former contradictory opinions, but says that "now it is his duty to bow to higher authorities," without assigning a single reason for the opinion given by the higher tribunal.
This decision was the signal for hundreds of hungry privateersmen, and greedy commanders of the royal navy, to spring upon our defenceless commerce—and soon the ports of the channel swarmed with the ships of our unfortunate countrymen. So long as it was possible to presume, that these seizures were the effect of a simple decision of your courts rendered in the ordinary course, unauthorised and uninfluenced by the cabinet, so long the indignation of the Americans has been in some degree repressed. But since the late pamphlet issued by the government, or at least under its sanction, supports those decisions, and even proposes an
extension of them, it is no longer to be doubted, that the reversal of the decree in the case of the Essex, Orne, was the effect of a decision of the cabinet, and a part of a deliberate system intended either to force us to renounce the advantages of neutrality, or to accept the alternative of the sword.
Thus then I have endeavored to give a history of the rise and progress of this modern law of nations, or to give it a name a little more truly conformable to its character; this modern decree of G. Britain against Neutral Trade. Let me here notice a suggestion made by the British writers upon the subject of the late decisions, that the Americans cannot complain of not having had due notice, as the case of the Essex, Orne, was a sufficient advertisement to them of the principles set up by G. Britain. This reminds one of the old legal fiction, that every one is presumed to know the law; but I believe it is the first time it was ever applied in this manner between nations. What! the American merchants are bound to know every decision of Doctors' Commons, and this too by a sort of inspiration, as soon as they are declared, though the Americans are at three thousand miles distance!!
In fact many of the vessels were captured before the decision could have been known in America by physical possibility, and while the Americans were acting under the sanction of sir William Scott's decisions, published by Robertson, and spread throughout the U. S. Is it credible in point of fact, that the Americans would thus throw their property into the hands of the British cruisers, if they had understood the nature and extent of the principles set up by G. Britain? How much more noble would it have been in the cabinet of your country, if its real design was to hinder the state, rather than to crush the rising prosperity of the U. S. to have formally notified to our government its intention to maintain this new principle?
The second doctrine advanced by your ministry during the late and present war, is the right to declare a whole country in a state of blockade, and this, whether there be ships constantly before the ports of that country or not. This sort of blockade, by proclamation, is founded upon the perversion of a very reasonable doctrine of the law of nations, that when a town or castle is actually invested, that is to say, so surrounded that its inhabitants have no means of getting out, and while there is a hope of reducing the town or fortress, it shall not be lawful for a neutral to enter into the besieged or blockaded port, or to carry in any provisions to their assistance. It was reserved to G. Britain to discover, that under this very rational and limited doctrine, was comprized the right to declare all the ports of an enemy in a state of blockade, whether actually invested or not, and where there was neither a hope nor an intention of reducing the port of the country. Now there is another equally clear principle of the law of nations, and that is that neutral nations may lawfully carry on their trade, with either of the belligerent nations without interruption. One of these two principles must then fall, for they cannot consist together. If a belligerent nation has the right to declare a whole country in a state of blockade, whether actually blockaded or not, or whether there be hopes of reducing the place or not, the right of neutrals is entirely nugatory, & may be expunged from the code of nations.
But it may be said that G. Britain keeps a fleet off the ports of her enemies which she declares blockaded. This may be partly true, but this blockade is merely nominal; it never has interrupted the intercourse of these ports with the other ports of the same country; nor is it done with the hope or intention of reducing the place by famine, which is the essence of the principle, and upon which alone the right to exclude neutrals is founded. This leads me to consider the wickedness and injustice of these principles as practised by your government. These interruptions to neutrals are not done or permitted with a view of injuring the enemies, so much as with the design of aiding the commerce of G. Britain, or of checking the growth of neutral nations of whose prosperity she is jealous. That this is the case is manifest, because your government permits the free importation of the same goods to her enemies from her own ports that she prevents neutrals from carrying. It is a fact well known that American vessels bound to the Spanish colonies have been condemned in the Bahamas, their cargoes purchased by British subjects, and shipped for those very Spanish colonies under a licence from consul with the king's own sign manual.
This is not merely confined to that trade, but in Great Britain itself, the commerce in the produce of colonies is permitted from the ports of England directly to the ports of the enemy.
It is not therefore to injure their enemy, it is not to cut off his supplies, that this vexatious warfare is carried on against neutral commerce, it is simply to arrogate to herself, to monopolise the advantages of a lucrative trade, and to
check the too rapid growth of a nation whose prosperity she dreads.
This base, selfish, and abominable principle is explicitly avowed in the pamphlet which has lately been published, and which I shall examine in another number.
AN AMERICAN.
THIRD ADDRESS
TO THE BRITISH NATION.
A pamphlet has lately appeared from one of your presses, said to be written under the sanction of your ministry, and which, from the notice taken of it in the journals devoted to your administration, must at least be countenanced by them. Far be it from me to impute to a whole nation, the infamy which attaches to the author and supporters of this work. Mankind are seldom corrupt and profligate in great masses. A wayward, short-sighted, perfidious policy may disgrace a Cabinet composed of a few individuals, but rare indeed are the examples of whole nations giving way to the debasing influence of selfish, dishonorable, and disgraceful motives.
The history of the political relations of all nations had taught us, that interested considerations, too often entered into the discussions of cabinets, and decided the fate of empires. Still there had been always preserved some regard for those moral principles which ought to form the basis of the intercourse of nations—and amidst all the struggles of ambition or avarice, every sovereign had hitherto endeavored to cloak his designs under the specious appearance of justice. Hence modern history scarcely furnishes us an example of a war, which has not been preceded by manifestoes, in which the justice of the war on the part of the assailant has been attempted to be supported. It was reserved for your ministry in the beginning of the 19th century to offer the first example of a shameless avowal of a contempt for justice, and of a determination to regulate its conduct not by a regard either to its own rights or the rights of neutral nations, but by the simple measures of its supposed, its imaginary, and I believe it will prove, its fallacious interests.
The most bitter aspersions of your enemies have been mild, compared to the infamous confessions of your friends! No nation had conceived against your ministry opinions so unfavorable. No foe had ascribed to them sentiments so unprincipled as this ministerial agent has dared to avow.
Leaving as untenable ground, the question of right, knowing, as he well did, that neutrals had already submitted to more than he could maintain on this point, he enters into a cool and infamous calculation of interest, and treats of the rights and privileges of neutrals and independent nations, as he would of a speculation in sugar or coffee—as a mere question of expediency, in which the amount to be gained was to be coolly weighed against the quantity to be hazarded or lost. It is upon this ground of expediency alone, that one can meet this atrocious enemy, because he has not designed to give us a single argument to prove that Great Britain has a right to extend her principles against the neutral traffic. Setting out therefore upon the basis, that it is a mere question of plunder and profit which your government is now agitating, you will still suffer me to throw a few ideas into the scale, to show that plunder may be in one side of the balance, and real profit in the other.
The only argument of any moment advanced to show that it is the interest of Great Britain to shake off the shackles of justice, publick faith and morality, is, that the neutrals (that is, the Americans; for they alone are intended) bring the produce of their enemy's colonies, to market so much cheaper, that they undersell the West India merchants of Great Britain, and thus ruin the planters in their Caribee islands. Thus then, it is to preserve the Caribee islands from destruction, that Great Britain would force America into a war. And have your ministry so soon forgotten, the distress which prevailed in the Caribee islands last year, when the American trade was only for one moment suspended? Is it possible to supply your islands with the necessaries of life, without the aid of the U. S.? There is not an island in the W. Indies but deprecates the idea of a war with the U. S. But a war with the U. S. States will not be the consequence, you say, and you found yourselves on the extended and defenceless nature of their commerce—on their intangible divisions; and on the state of their revenue (1). As to the first, let me assure you, that you know little of the American character, and very little of their temper towards G. Britain. If you suppose the property they have at sea exposed to your rapacity will deter them from asserting their rights. They know well that before your cruisers can get advices of the war, a large part of their vessels will be at home, and you will find from this moment they will be extremely careful how they begin new enterprises. But the people of America know too, that they have offensive as well as defensive means, and the ex-

Copy of a letter from a respectable gentleman at Nantz, received via New-York.
Nantz, 1st August, 1806.
SIR—I deem it my duty to inform you, although it may probably reach you earlier by other channels, that accounts from Paris say that the peace with England has been signed, and sent over for ratification which prevents its being officially announced. It is also proved by custom-house regulations of this day which permit neutrals to go to England.
The following act of the legislature of Pennsylvania contains a republican commentary on freedom of conscience too illustrious not to be given in the very words of the legislature. Few instances are to be found in the annals of legislation so honorable to human nature. Other governments have been sedulous in the creation of religious tests invasive of one of the best gifts of Providence to man. It is the pride of republican governments to leave the conscience as free as the air we breathe.
"Whereas it has been represented to the legislature by sundry citizens, called Seventh day Baptists, that owing to township elections and other public business being transacted on Saturday or seventh day of the week, they are in a great measure excluded from a participation in the privileges of free citizens: And whereas it is presumed that changing of such elections and meetings, while it would afford the relief prayed for by the petitioners would not be any injury to other citizens of this commonwealth, but rather a benefit: Therefore,
"Be it enacted, That from and after the fourth day of July next, all township elections & meetings of return judges of the general elections, that now are directed by law to be held on Saturday, shall be held on Friday immediately preceding, and so much of any law as is by this act altered or supplied, shall be, and the same is hereby repealed, from and after the said fourth day of July next."
An election of great importance has just taken place in the state of Maryland. According to an extraordinary feature in their system of government an election is held every five years for the choice of two citizens in each county, who are collectively electors of the Senate, the members of which consequently hold their appointments for five years, and who, participating in legislative power, so far fix the complexion of the legislative body, as to be able to frustrate the adoption of any measure obnoxious to them. This election has terminated in the complete triumph of the republicans.
On the 18th instant, the board of electors met at Annapolis.
The following members took their seats.
For Allegany. Messrs. Tomlinson and Bruce.
Baltimore City. Mr. M'Kim.
St. Marys. Messrs. Hebb and Neall.
Kent. Messrs. Scott and Maxwell.
Somerset. Messrs. Winder and Carroll.
Washington. Messrs. Sprigg and Ringgold.
Ann Arundel. Messrs. Johnson and Dorsey.
Prince George. Messrs. Bowie and Calvert.
Queen Ann. Messrs. Chambers and Butcher.
Worcester. Messrs. Williams and Pridon.
Frederick. Messrs. Tyler & Cocke.
Calvert. Messrs. Wilkinson and Ireland.
Montgomery. Messrs. Beall & Maugruder.
Caroline. Messrs. Holbrook and Bayard.
Annapolis. Mr. Ogle.
Baltimore County. Messrs. Stansbury and Brown.
Charles. Messrs. Parnham and Stuart.
Harford. Messrs. Montgomery and Smith.
Talbert. Messrs. Spencer and Nabb.
Cecil. Messrs. Sheridan and Gilpin.
Dorset. Messrs. Ennals and Smoot.
Mr. Alexander M'Kim, of Baltimore, was called to the chair.
Exception having been taken to the legality of the return of Mr. Calvert (federal) of Prince George's, on examination it appeared that at the hour of six in the evening, at which time the law requires the election to be closed, there was an equal number of votes given for Mr. Calvert, and Mr. Lyle, the republican candidate. In this stage, the election was closed—A few minutes after, five votes were produced and received. They were given for Mr. Calvert. The board of electors, considering the admission of these as illegal, determined that neither Mr. Calvert, or Mr. Lyle was elected.
The board thereupon proceeded by ballot to the election of fifteen Senators.
Thirty-nine ballots were given, as follows:
   Republican-elected. Votes    John T. Mason 23  Zadock Parnall 27  Thomas Mac Eldery 26  William Thomas 26  Jacob Gibson 26  Lloyd Dorsey 26  Thomas DuCett 25  Mark Benton 25  Thomas Williams 25  James H. M'Call 24  Gabriel Christie 24  Samuel Ringgold 23  William Wheatley 23  John Partridge 22  David Shriver 21  
far exceeds, in point of profit, every other article that is produced in the country. In good seasons a negro man will yield from his labor on a cotton plantation, from 250 to 300 dollars, net profit. The stock of a cotton estate will double itself every three years, the stock of a vachery, every four years. Cotton, at market, will average one year with another, from twenty to twenty-five dollars per hundred. A man is growing wealthy, when he receives fifteen dollars per hundred every year, at market. Bees will average from 10 to 12 dollars per head. Nothing can be more valuable than this kind of property. There are men here, who mark every year from 5 to 1500 calves; and this remarkable product is attended with such little expense, that it is too trifling to admit into our calculations on this subject. Cows, except barren ones, are never sent to market; but the male bees, at proper periods, are selected from the herd, and driven by land to markets that are always ready to receive them.
There is no country in America, so suitable to a young beginner, or a man in moderate circumstances, as the western parts of Lower Louisiana. This description of men have nothing more to do, to fix themselves comfortably in life, than to purchase a small piece of land on the edge of a prairie, and go to ploughing immediately for corn, or cotton. It is true, that in many places fencing will be necessary. The mode of laying out lands in this country, will always enable him to procure a plenty of the best timber, for all the purposes of a plantation. Very large crops, however, have been made, in such situations, without any kind of enclosure. The next object of a planter in this respect, would be, to purchase a few cows, in order to lay the foundation of a vachery. To support this vachery, as I observed before, as well as a sufficient number of horses, very little trouble or expense is necessary. The prairies and the wood lands, at every season of the year, yield an ample supply of strong provender, to keep them in tolerable order.
Society here, is agreeable, but not very refined. It will become more improved every year; and I have no difficulty in believing, that whenever the singular advantages of this charming country are known to our countrymen, that it will assume the most desirable form, in point of social happiness; become the resort of men of letters and character; the abode of genius and the arts, and the asylum of republican virtue, when corrupt societies have forgotten its influence.
PROPOSALS for opening, bridging and improving the road laid out under the direction of the Secretary at War, between Nashville in Tennessee and Grindstone Ford on Pierre river in the Mississippi territory, will be received at the General Post Office until the 15th day of December next.
For the convenience of contractors the road will be divided into three parts, and separate proposals received for each.
First. From Nashville to the Tennessee river, 112 miles
2. From Tennessee river to Loonachitto creek, a branch of the Big Black river, 113 miles.
3. From Loonachitto creek to Grindstone Ford, 155 miles.
NOTES.
Note 1. The road is to be cleared of all trees logs and brush, twelve feet in width and made passable for a waggon. All streams not over forty feet wide are to be bridged, and the banks of other streams are to be fixed or sloped down so that they may be passable for a waggon.
Note 2. The bridges are to be twelve feet broad supported by proper abutments, the bridge part to be composed of four pieces of timber not less than 10 inches in diameter at the smallest end, and covered with halved logs whose original diameter was not less than 3 inches, the piers or supports of the bridge not to be more than twenty feet apart.
Note 3. Some parts of the road will require caulewaying, these will be pointed out by the Post Master General's agent. The caulewaying is to be done with logs, 10 feet in length and not less than 6 nor over 9 inches in diameter, each to be thrown upon them to render them passable, and where the places to be caulewayed are subject to be overflowed the cauleway is to have a rider on each side keyed down by forked stakes or stones and gravel.
Note 4. It is supposed that there is already a cleared waggon path on some part of the distance, no caulering is to be done where that is the case. The work is to be completed by the first day of October 1807. Reasonable advances will be made at the commencement of the work, and the balance paid as soon as the work is completed. Mr. R. J. Meigs, and Mr. Thomas Wright are to decide whether it be executed conformable to contract.
Note 5. The proposals should state the price by the mile for clearing, the price by the yard in length for caulewaying, the price by the foot in length for bridgework, and the price by the cubic yard for sloping or clearing the banks of watercourses.
CIDEON GRANGER, Postmaster-general.
Sept. 15—taw115
A HORSE LOST.
STRAYED or STOLEN on the 14th inst. about sun-set, a handsome dark bay saddle horse, about 14 1/2 hands high, having short butocks, mane and tail lately thinned, newly shod all round, whose usual gates are an easy pace, rack or canter. He was lately brought from Baltimore, and once belonged to Mr. James Owings. Whoever will deliver the said horse either to Mr. Charles W. Goldsborough of the Navy Office, or to the Subscriber, shall be well rewarded by
R. W. GOLDSBOROUGH.
September 19—3c
Besides, do you reckon for nothing the supplies we can draw from Europe? France now furnishes us many articles, and among others not a few woollen cloths. Germany supplies us with many linen goods—and Italy with silks. The commerce of these Countries would flourish by the increased demand which we should make upon them, and, I repeat it, it is not in the power of Great Britain, though her ships cover the Ocean, to prevent the enterprising sailors of America from navigating the Atlantic.
If immense fleets have been able to elude the vigilance of your squadrons, and traverse the ocean for months without encountering your fleets, how easy is it to for single, detached, fast-sailing vessels to carry on a sure and profitable commerce? Recollect once for all, that America lies on the only road to the Antilles and Caribbees, and that your commerce is a thousand times more exposed to her strokes, than hers is to yours.
But this ministerial writer has the effrontery to say, that America would have too much honor to confiscate the British property existing in private credits and public contracts.
What! a Nation set up the claims of honor who avowedly makes war on a calculation of profit. Who, acknowledging implicitly that she has no cause even of discontent with the other nation, avows she must fight her, because it is more for her pecuniary interest than to be at peace. Can such a nation pretend to claim protection from the honor, the sense of justice of the other? Away with such ridiculous appeals to principles which you have been the first to despise. America, jealous of her good faith, would have been the last to enter into so shameful a contest? but she will also be the first to follow an example which your perfidy will have rendered necessary to her safety.
To all your future losses in trade—to the loss of your national character you must therefore add the total loss of 30,000,000 of dollars due from citizens of the United States, and 45,000,000 due from the government of the U. States to your subjects.
The appeal is now about to be made to Europe, to the world. If by a time-lily dismissal of those who have given these pernicious counsels, you prove that you are not the partakers in their unjustifiable and perfidious views, it is possible that you may preserve your station in the opinion of other nations—but if, setting at defiance every principle hitherto held sacred, if avowing that you know no other rule but your interest—no other law but your power, you make a wanton attack on the commerce of the U. States, you will soon learn that what I have predicted is more than mere prophecy.
You will reap in the distress of your manufactures, the ruin of your commerce, and in the execration of both hemispheres the rewards which such unprincipled conduct will in such a case most richly merit.
AN AMERICAN.
FROM THE KENTUCKY GAZETTE.
The following letter was communicated to the editor by Allan B. Magruder, agent of the U. S. for the investigation of land claims in the western country of Lower Louisiana.
BELLEVUE, Opelousas, In Lower Louisiana, July 2, 1806. [CONCLUDED.]
I have reasons to believe, that most of the land titles here, will be confirmed by Congress. It is the object of an equitable and enlightened government rather to consult the happiness of the citizen in deciding upon his claims, than to acquire large portions of public lands, by oppressive laws, or rigid adjudications. In this case, the purchaser will, in most cases, be sure of procuring a fee simple estate. It is true, that there will cases present themselves, where, from the inartious method of laying out lands under the Spanish government, some interferences will be discovered. These will be subject to the control of our common courts of judicature. The mode of adjustment, however, under our laws, will be so very simple, that none of those long and ruinous litigations, with respect to real property, in many parts of the U. S. may be apprehended here.
The best lands, with the most undoubted titles, can be procured in most parts of the country, upon the lowest & most desirable terms. Most of these are situated upon navigable water courses, which interlock with streams of superior magnitude, that five hundred acres of land, even in a commonly advantageous situation, in many parts of the Western States, would yield a sufficient fund for the purchase of five hundred acres a piece, for a family of six or seven children, in Lower Louisiana.
The above described lands will yield to the hand of cultivation, profitable crops of cotton, rye, oats, hay, grass of various kinds, tobacco, particularly suitable for the Dutch, the French and the Baltic markets, and indigo; all of which will flourish well upon portions of ground, selected from the general mass of territory, best adapted to the nature of each of those commodities. Our principal staples here, however, are cotton and cattle. The raising of these,
courage, braved alone, for some years your rage, for the sake of maintaining an abstract principle of right, when the remaining sentiments of loyalty and dread of your power were in the scale against them, what will 7,000,000 of free citizens, inflamed by the most atrocious violations of their national rights, decide? Will they tamely submit without a struggle to laws as humiliating as, if vanquished, the conqueror could impose?
At the commencement of the American war, we fought you alone, single-handed, when you had no other enemy to contend with; and it was not until after we had vanquished and captured one of your armies that France even promised us succor. Yet it is pretended, that at a moment when every maritime nation of Europe is against you, we dare not enter the field with you. No! People of Great Britain, your ministry themselves do not believe this nonsense. They know war will be the inevitable consequence of the proposed measures. It is only to allay the fears of your manufacturers, and your merchants interested in the American commerce, that these pretensions of our timidity and submission are held up.
The real question then, is reduced to this, is a war with the United States preferable to an honest policy? To an indulgence to this Neutral Nation, to exercise its lawful rights, the rights which God and Nature have assured to all nations? What benefit could Great Britain derive from a war which will balance the eternal infamy attached to its injustice?
America is not the country most congenial to British laurels. The climate is too warm, and however verdant they may be at the moment of transplantation, they always fade. Scarcely a hero in your armies, who gathered laurels in your plains or on our mountains, who did not see them wither at Saratoga, or within the walls of York Town.
It is to be presumed, therefore, we shall hear no more of landed expeditions.
I much doubt whether your maritime advantages, for which alone you undertake the war, will be much greater. It is a fact, perhaps not generally known to you, that the state of Massachusetts alone took 1,100 of your ships during the colonial war.
Massachusetts then possessed but 300,000 inhabitants and about 100,000 tons of shipping. She now possesses 500,000 inhabitants, and 350,000 tons of shipping.
The United States could then equip, during the whole war, but three or four frigates. Their present establishment consists of ten stout frigates, and they have the means of equipping and manning in 4 months 50 more, if exigencies should require it.
The plan of blockading 1600 miles of sea coast by frigates, would become impossible, and the American commerce would still rival yours notwithstanding your hostility.
But the loss sustained by your manufacturers enters for nothing with you in your estimate of the consequences. What! then if all the ports of Europe and America are shut to you, your productions will still find their way without injury to you, into every country of the globe! Admitting for a moment this absurd doctrine, do you count for nothing, the shock which will be given to your manufacturing towns by the first effects of the stoppage? Do you estimate as of no moment the bankruptcies of capitalists and the groans of the poor, deprived of their daily bread?—Do you consider as of little importance the suspension of all remittances from the United States? Will 30,000,000 of dollars suddenly withdrawn from the usual supplies of your manufacturing shops produce no sensation? If the Americans have not patriotism enough to forego wholly the use of your manufactures, which, I insist, are not necessary to them, it is to be hoped they have sufficient to suspend imports, till the existing two years stock which they always keep, be consumed.
But you miscalculate grossly the spirit of the American people in supposing they cannot forego the luxuries you send them. There is not one article which America imports from you which she cannot manufacture. Nay, there is not one which she does not, or has not at some period or other, manufactured. The two great staple articles necessary in America are woollen and cotton goods. Possessing these, she can forego all others. America can raise wool enough for her own consumption any year she pleases. And you know, that her cotton has become a drug in your market. She has already established woollen and cotton manufactures, and she is in possession of all your mechanism necessary to render them profitable.
All your reasoning in favor of your manufactures, is predicated, upon the idea that you can undersell other Nations, and therefore that they will buy of you—but you forget, that a war, forcing a circuitous trade, and increased riques, enhances the price of your manufactures, and offers a premium to domestic industry. In the late war, British Goods in America sold at three for one upon the cost; and are you foolish enough to believe that we cannot manufacture at a cheaper rate than that?
We have now three times the number of inhabitants and five times the capital we had in that war; and how can these objects be more profitably employed than in manufacturing woollen cloths, when yours will cost us three hundred per cent above the manufacturing price;
perience of eight years war with you has taught them, that in a contest of mere plunder if you chuse to resort to it, they have the advantage of you, with all your 700 ships of war. If in the war of 1775, poor, miserable, unprovided, with only 15,000 seamen, they could strike a deep blow at your commerce, could supply themselves with all the articles of foreign produce at a cheaper rate than you had them yourselves, what could they now do, with an increased capital five times greater than at that period, with 80,000 seamen, with a small but excellent marine, and with the capacity to equip 20 ships of the line in one year for the defence of their sea coast. Recollect that the American coast is not the coast of blockades, that for 6 months it is not possible to watch their harbors, and that during that period their hardy seamen, accustomed to those dangers, would seek their entry to their ports. Let it be recollected too that your Canadian possessions which produce you more than one million per annum, would not ag in be in vain attacked by them. Seven millions of people, rich, provided with every article necessary to war, and of under one government, are not to be compared with 1,500,000 poor colonists, divided between 13, and liberty, and totally unprovided with the implements of war.
Mississippi alone can bring into the field in three days 56,000 disciplined militia, armed and equipped, and capable of doing service not like the volunteers of St. James's, but hardy yeomen, accustomed to labor and hardships, such men as the duke of Northumberland saw at Bunkerhill, and such heroes as surrounded Burgoyne at Saratoga. New England counts at present 100,000 men actually bearing arms.
But we are said to be divided!—We are so, as to internal politics; but as to resistance to foreign insults we have but one sentiment. Mr. Jefferson bears the national sword, and if it be once drawn in defence of our commercial rights, his internal political enemies will be the first to support him. Besides, a man who should notice our internal divisions as an obstacle to a contest with G. Britain, knows nothing of our internal politics. He should know, that the majority who support Mr. Jefferson have always been violently anti-Britannic. It is the party opposed to Mr. Jefferson who are the most largely concerned in trade, who will be the most affected by these measures, who have already called loudly upon the government to redress their injuries, and who are ready to stake their lives and fortunes in support of their national rights.
We are then united on this question, and G. Britain will soon see that a nation who as feeble colonies dared (alone for three years) to brave her powers, will not long hesitate to avenge their injured rights against a government, who in defence of every sacred principle, should openly attack them.
But it is said—we have not much revenue.—To be sure we are not so burdened and crushed with taxes as the people of G. Britain; but a nation is not rich in proportion to her revenue, but in proportion to her capacity to raise them. Let us examine our comparative strength. First, G. Britain has 14,000,000 of subjects. We have 7,000,000 of citizens. Her national debt is 2,200,000,000 of dollars, ours is 80,000,000, or in other words hers is 14 times greater than ours in proportion to numbers. Her exports are about double the amount of ours, though ours are as great as hers were at the beginning of our war with her. We have more than half the number of tons of shipping that she has and more than half the number of seamen. Our ordinary revenue is about 10,000,000 and her ordinary revenue is but about 70,000,000 do. In other words neither her revenue—exports, shipping nor anything else is in as great a ratio to her debt as ours is to our debt. We are therefore richer. We have no direct tax nor any excise of any nature soever. Let us tax ourselves (and we should do it cheerfully, to preserve our rights) as much as the British tax themselves, and we can support a war against her for half a century. We can take Canada, Nova Scotia, and starve her W. India Islands.
AN AMERICAN.
(1) The English government has in the same manner, ever calculated upon reducing France by means of her internal divisions and the exhaustion of her revenue. In March 1795, Lord Auckland declared in the House of Lords, that the Committee of Public Safety in France had expended more in two months than the whole amount of the national debt of England! From this his lordship boldly concluded, that it was utterly impossible for France to hold out but a single year longer against the powerful arms, (that is, the long purse) of England. In the same spirit of conquering the world by calculation, Sir Francis D'Vernois has published for these ten years past, under the sanction of the British government successive prophecies to prove arithmetically, that France must perish the year after—by her finances.
THE ARGUS.
FOURTH ADDRESS TO THE BRITISH NATION.
"America will not go to war with us," says your ministerial writer. Have you so soon forgotten the origin of her last war with you? It was not to vindicate wrongs and injuries which she had received—it was simply to ward off those with which she was threatened. It was not to get rid of odious taxes, which you had already repealed, but to oblige you to renounce forever your claim to impose them. If then 1,500,000 poor, illiterate colonists, with unexampled

  Federal Ticket.   Robert Dennis 15   Charles Carroll 12   Henry H. Chapman 12   Thomas V. Wright 12   John E. Harwood 11   James M. Henry 11   Richard Potts 11   Roger B. Taney 11   Arthur Shaff 11   John Gale 11   Robert H. Goldsborough 11   E. H. Wilson 11   Richard T. Earle 11   Dr. Jno. Bowie 10   Elie Williams 10 
Kentucky election for representatives in Congress.
The votes given for Mr. Lyon are 4,484; for his opponent, Mr. Walker 3,361; for Mr. Rowan 2,747; for his opponent, Mr. Ormsby 2,173; for Mr. John 2,315, for Mr. Sandford 1,643, for Mr. Moore 1,488.
We are informed, that our countryman, Benjamin West, who has been celebrated in Europe, as an eminent painter, and was for several years historical painter to the king of Great Britain, is about to return to Pennsylvania, and spend the remainder of his days in his native states. Am. Daily Advertiser.
DIED.
On Tuesday night, at the mansion house of Stephen Van Rensselaer, esq. in Albany, State of New-York, after a lingering illness, which he bore with becoming fortitude and resignation, the hon. William Patterson, one of the associate judges of the Supreme court of the U. States. In Mr. Patterson his country has lost an able, independent and upright judge, a real and enlightened patriot; and the state of New Jersey, one of its most valuable and respectable citizens. Endearred to his family and friends by every amiable quality, his death will be to them a source of the deepest affliction: But for their consolation, it may truly be said, that he lived and died a Christian. In his cold relics let the great discern,
That they like him to dust must soon return;  And while they see his footsteps led to God,  Let them pursue the blooming faith he trod:  Thus, when the cares of mortal life shall cease,  Exjure, like him, the heirs of endless peace.
RAMSAY'S LIFE OF WASHINGTON.
We congratulate the friends of literature, on the pleasing information that Dr. David Ramsay, of Charleston, S.C. has written a "Life of Washington," which a gentleman who has read the manuscript pronounces to be "a piece of elegant classic biography." We are given to understand it will be put to press the coming winter, in one volume octavo.
The eminent literary acquirements of the Dr. added to his great literary fame, as the author of "The History of the American Revolution," and other works, together with the portable size of the work, and its proportionable low price, leads us to hope, that it will receive that encouragement to which its great merit will no doubt entitle it. Prov. Phoenix.
Alexandria, September 15.
Flour inspected in the town of Alexandria, for the quarter ending the 11th Sept. 1806. 15,350 barrels flour, 1,234 half barrels do. 134 barrels Indian meal.  AMOS ALEXANDER,  Flour Inspector.
Nashville, Aug. 23.
We hear from various parts of Kentucky, that the drought has been so great in that state, that many fields of fertile land will not yield one bushel of corn to the acre. Amid those evils which visit a country so adjacent to ours, we congratulate our fellow-citizens on the flattering prospect of one of the greatest crops this country ever produced.
Baltimore, Sept. 17.
The Marquis Cassa Vinjo, instead of proceeding to the seat of government, as mentioned in Monday's Gazette, left this city this morning in the French-town packet, for Philadelphia.
Captain Collier, from Cadiz, (arrived at New-York) informs, it was reported that three Spanish line of battle ships were on the eve of sailing from Cadiz, for South America.
COMMERCIAL.
FROM GIBRALTAR, JULY 17, 1806. The governor of Gibraltar has refused the landing at that port of tobacco from America, and passed an order, that no tobacco shall be landed except from England and that to be accompanied with a certificate of clearance from one of the custom-houses.
Norfolk, Sept. 16.
We stop the press, after having some of our papers worked off, having seen some of the officers of the British frigate Melampus, who inform, that on Sunday morning they descended to the Southward of Cape Henry a line of battle ship dismantled, which they immediately gave chase to and run ashore on Currituck, about 30 miles to the south of the Cape, and after taking the officers and men, (amounting to about 600) set fire to her, when she was totally destroyed. She proved to be the L'Imperatrice, Mous, L. V. Below, of 74 guns.
The Melampus is now in Hampton roads.
New-York, Sept. 18.
At a late hour last evening we received from Captain Farrier, of the ship Delaware, at quarantine, a regular file of London papers to the evening of the 5th of August, containing a mass of interesting intelligence, of which our time will not permit us to give more than the following brief outline.
The Clyde frigate returned to Deal on the 4th, after landing Lord Lauderdale at Calais. The result of his first conference with the French Plenipotentiary was expected in London in the course of a week thereafter, on the supposition that Lord Lauderdale would have little else to do on his arrival than to sign the preliminaries. Many important points were to be arranged which would take up a considerable time previous to the conclusion of the definitive treaty.
General Simcoe is to succeed Lord Lake in India.
The emperor of Russia is understood to have proposed to the king of Sweden to discontinue the blockade of the Prussian ports; and it was supposed, if his representations should not be attended to, he would give permission for the invasion of Pomerania.
An opinion prevailed that Russia and the Porte were on the eve of a war, & that the latter is to receive the assistance of the powerful army which the French have collected in Dalmatia. Between its enemies and its allies the Turkish power is in a fair way of being driven out of Europe.
Bonaparte, it is said, has required of the king of Spain to receive an ambassador from the new king of Naples: to consent to the dethroning the Queen of Etruria, and to the incorporation of Catalonia, Arragon, Navarre, and Biscay with the French empire, thereby making the river Ebro the boundary between France and Spain, instead of the Pyrenees.
New-York, Sept. 15.
The following was received by the ship Ann-Maria from Bord'aux. "On the night of the 19th of July the English came into the mouth of Bordeaux river with about 12 or 15 boats, belonging to different ships of war which was outside, they cut the cables and took possession of a French brig of eighteen guns, which was there for the purpose of conveying the small craft along the coast—they were warmly attacked by the guard brig, and after the loss of 8 or 9 boats and a number of men, supposed to be 20 or 30 they got her safe out to sea."
New-York, Sept. 17.
Captain Farrier, of the ship Delaware, who arrived this morning, left Amsterdam on the 29th July, at which time all the ships of war in that port were dismantled, and the seamen paid and dispersed.
Captain F. was taken on the 5th of August, carried into Portsmouth, & sailed from thence on the 7th. He states that the people of England were anxious for peace—that Lord Lauderdale had gone to Paris to complete, if possible, the negotiations with France.
"I this moment have seen a letter (by the brig—in 47 days from Nantes) dated 1st of August, stating that peace with England was signed on the 29th of July—that although it had not been publicly announced, the writer, from good authority, knew it to be true. It states also, that our negotiations with Spain, through the interposition of France had entirely failed, and that circumstances justified the belief that Spain was disposed to quarrel with us."
New-York, Sept. 17.
The arrival at this port of the Schooner Atlantic, captain Howard, from Nantes, has enabled us to lay before the readers of the Mercantile Advertiser intelligence from Europe of considerable importance. Our Paris papers are to the 28th of July, inclusive, and our letters from Nantes to the 4th of August.
A Treaty of Peace, of which the conditions had not been made public, was signed at Paris on the 20th of July, between Russia and France, and had been forwarded to St. Petersburg for ratification.
A confederation of some of the petty states of Germany has been entered into for the purpose of mutual defence, with a view to their separation from the Germanic empire.
The fortress of Gaeta has at length surrendered after a defence which will make no inconsiderable figure in the history of the present times.
We have comprised in the following extracts, all that relate to these interesting events and all that the papers contain which we judged worthy of a translation.
PARIS, July 22.
The Jesuits have been ordered to quit the city of Naples in 24 hours, and the kingdom as expeditiously as possible. It is believed they will retire to Russia, the rules of their order not permitting them to settle in any of the catholic states, not even in those of the Holy Father.
23. A courier from the British cabinet has trod closely in the steps of the secretary to the Russian ambassador. The latter at Calais on the 18th, with dispatches for M. Oubril; the former arrived on the 19th, and immediately proceeded for Paris. The smallest ap-
pearance of a reconciliation between the two nations revives the wishes and the hopes of the friends of peace and of humanity.
24. The minister of marine has written a circular letter to the different ports, announcing that peace was signed on the 20th of this month, at Paris, between France and Russia, by the general of division Clarke, counsellor of state and of the cabinet, and M. Oubril, privy counsellor; and that in consequence, it is ordered that all admirals, commanders of ports, and of his imperial majesty's ships to treat the vessels of Russia as friends. Monoieur.
The fetes which had been announced for the month of August, will not take place until the latter end of September. This delay is judged necessary to give time to the grand army to be present. ibid.
We are assured that on the 15th of this month the difficulties which have been carrying on for the arrangement of the affairs of Germany are terminated; and that the ministers of the Kings of Bavaria & Wirtemberg, of the electors of Baden the landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt, the duke of Cleves, and Berg, the princes of the house of Nassau, the prince of Ysembourg, the princes of Hohenzollern, the prince of Arenberg, the prince of Salem, the count, de la Leyen, &c. have concluded a treaty of alliance and of reciprocal guarantee, under the title of "Federation of the Rhine." We believe they have come to a resolution to separate themselves from the Germanic body, in order to have no contradiction between their interests and their policy. During the day of the 16th there was observed a great movement of couriers which tended in a great measure to confirm the reports in circulation respecting this news.
25. According to public report, the Federation of the Rhine will be under the protection of France; it is added that they will have on foot an army of 60,000 men: and that the elector of Baden, the landgrave of Darmstadt and the duke of Cleves will take the title of grand dukes.
The Jewish deputies will assemble for the first time on Saturday next in the ancient chapel of St. John, near the city hotel, which has been prepared to hold their sitting. The kingdom of Italy will, it is said, send 16 deputies.
26. The movement of the troops from the interior towards Germany has been suspended in consequence of the peace with Russia. A few hours after its signature M. Oubril set off for St. Petersburg, having first taken an hotel for the new Russian Ambassador. It is thought the ratification will be exchanged in a month.
27. It is believed that Lord Yarmouth who lately arrived here from England, will soon appear in a public character.
The fortress of Gaeta has demanded a capitulation after eleven days of opened trenches, during which time not less than 800,000 lbs of powder were expended. [Our private letters say that this fortress surrendered on the eighteenth.]
The emperor has issued a decree permitting the exportation of grain from France to England.
LONDON, July 26.
The Messenger whose arrival we announced yesterday, brought dispatches from M. D'Oubril at Paris, to the Russian ambassador here. The substance of the dispatches was communicated to our government, and a cabinet council met at one o'clock, at Mr. Fox's office, to take the same into consideration. It seems probable that the object of M. D'Oubril's mission to Paris is known to this government, and that a perfect understanding exists with the court of St. Petersburg; and from this we may infer that there is not the smallest degree of truth in the continental reports of Russia being engaged in negotiations for a separate peace.
THE EXPEDITIONS.
The 2d division of the 45th regiment was yesterday embarked at Portsmouth, which concludes the embarkation there. There is now a fine small army of 2500 men on ship board: from the size of the transports, from the time they are victualled (6 or 8 months,) and from other circumstances, there is little doubt that this army is intended for distant service, the Cape and South America are mentioned. No other staff but the Medical has yet joined them: the general officers are not expected till the latest moment, to prevent discovery of their destination. Sir Samuel Auchmuty, one of the heroes of Egypt, and major general Wellesley, who commanded at Ceylon, are mentioned among some others.
The large medical staff embarked at Portsmouth evinces that the expedition from thence is for a foreign station and unhealthy climate.
It has been lately announced that the ruins of two great cities have been discovered, in the Russian empire; of which there are no accounts in history: one of them is in the isle of Janian, in the black sea; the other in a district of Siberia.
A manuscript, dug out of Herculaneum, has lately been unrolled, and found to be the fragment of a latin poem in hexameters, containing nearly 70 verses. They relate to the battle of Actium, and as is supposed, to the death of Cleopatra. The manuscript is written in uncial letters, and is expected to prove the poem of Varius the friend of Horace and Virgil.
By his excellency ROBERT BOWIE,  Governor of Maryland.  A PROCLAMATION.
WHEREAS it has been stated to me, by the petition of number of respectable persons, inhabitants of Prince George's county, that a MURDER hath been committed on the person of CHARLES NEVITT, junior, late of Prince George's county, by a certain negro man, (slave of Basil Sener,) called WALL, who hath since absconded and fled from justice. And whereas, it is the duty of the Executive to grant as much as may be against the commission of such offences, and to bring such offenders against the laws and peace of society to justice. I have therefore thought proper to issue this my Proclamation, and do, by and with the advice and consent of the Council, offer a reward of One Hundred Dollars to any person or persons who shall apprehend and secure the said negro WALL, in any jail in the United States, so that he be brought to justice.
Given in Council, at the city of Annapolis, under the Seal of the state of Maryland, this sixth day of September, in the year of our Lord, one thousand eight hundred and six.  ROBERT BOWIE,  By His Excellency's command. NINIAN PINKNEY,  Clerk of the Council.
Ordered, That the foregoing Proclamation be published once in each week until countermanded, in the Maryland Gazette, at Annapolis; the Federal Gazette and Evening Post, at Baltimore; the Frederick-town Advocate, and in the National Intelligencer, at the City of Washington.
By order, NINIAN PINKNEY,  Clerk of the Council. Sept. 22—wtf.
PROPOSALS FOR PUBLISHING
A Geographical Description OF ALL THE  STATES & TERRITORIES IN THE UNION, In separate volumes; with a particular and correct description of the several counties and towns, in each state. Illustrated with Maps,
By JOSEPH SCOTT,  Author of the United States Gazetteer, the Modern Geographical Dictionary in 4 vol. oct. A Geographical Dictionary of the United States of North America, &c. &c.
THE geographical description of each of the larger states, with the counties, towns, &c. will form a neat little volume of about 150 pages. Two of the smaller states may form a volume, or one of them may be comprised in the same volume with a larger adjoining state, as Maryland and Delaware.
Each volume will be complete in itself; so that subscribers may take one, two, &c. or the whole number. The paper, type, and size of the page, will exactly correspond with the description of Pennsylvania, now published; so that subscribers for the whole may have two or more bound together to suit their own taste.
They will be published neatly done up in boards. The description of each state will be embellished with a handsome map.
It is supposed that the whole will amount to about FORTY-EIGHT LITTLE VOLUMES. A general description of the United States will be given in the last, which will render the whole the fullest, and most correct geographical description of the United States, that has hitherto been published.
The plan, which the author has adopted, is the most comprehensive that could be suggested, as it will comprise under proper and distinct heads, every thing worthy of notice.
No money will be required till on the delivery of the work.
The Price of each Volume will be Fifty Cents.
The next volume will contain, A Geographical description of MARYLAND and DELAWARE, illustrated with a Map of each state.
The work is nearly ready for the press, and will soon be published. The Editors of newspapers, in Maryland, are requested to insert the above proposals twice. They will be paid on the publication of the work. August 10—
District of Columbia, Washington County, ss.
IN the case of BENJAMIN BURCH an insolvent debtor confined in the prison of Washington county aforesaid for debt, notice is therefore given to the creditors of the said BENJAMIN BURCH that on Monday the 29th instant at the hour of 10 o'clock A. M. the date prescribed by the act of Congress, entitled "An act for the relief of insolvent debtors within the district of Columbia" will be administered to the said Benjamin Burch & a trustee appointed unless sufficient cause be then and there shown to the contrary.
It is ordered that this notice be published twice in a newspaper printed in the city of Philadelphia and twice in a newspaper printed in Baltimore before the 21st inst and in the National Intelligencer and Washington Federalist three times before the 29th instanc.
By order of the hon. Wm. Cranch chief judge of the circuit court of the district of Columbia. WM. ERANT, Ck. September 10—26
BANK OF COLUMBIA.
The Board of Directors having this day declared a dividend for the half year, ending the 20th inst. at the rate of Eight per cent. per annum. The same will be paid to the Stockholders or their representatives any time after Saturday the 20th inst. Wm. WIANN Cash.r Sept. 19th.
FOR SALE,
That valuable tract of Land belonging to the estate of the late Richard Henderson, lying in Prince George's county on the Eastern branch of Potomac and nearly adjoining the town of Bladensburg containing about 500 acres—this land is well watered, lies level and is productive, from 35 to 50 acres is now in good timely meadow, and a much larger quantity of rich marsh may be brought into this state, the wood is thriving and abundant for the support of the farm. Its vicinity to the city of Washington & Georgetown and laying on tide water, makes it desirable estate. One fourth of the purchase money will be required in hand, the payment of the balance will be made easy.
Mr. Joseph Wilson who lives on the land will show it to any person who may wish to view the same. JAMES LINGAN, } Executors of JOHN HENDERSON, } R. Henderson. August 20—tawtf
PROPOSALS, FOR PUBLISHING BY SUBSCRIPTION,
THE WORKS OF  DR. BENJAMIN FRANKLIN, PHILOSOPHICAL, POLITICAL, AND LITERARY.  Hominum rerumque repertor.
THE publication of the writings of Dr. Franklin in a complete edition, was long contemplated by the late BENJAMIN FRANKLIN BACHE, his grandson, who transferred the copy which was devised to Mr. W. Temple Franklin, for the purpose. It was originally designed that the corrected edition should appear in three languages, in England, Germany, France and America, at the same time. This design was frustrated by the death of Mr. Temple Franklin who, it is now believed, sacrificed the work and the honorable trust reposed in him, for money, to the mortal hatred of the English ministry against the deceased sage.
As soon as this fact was known, the present editor of the Aurora turned his attention to the collection of every paper and circumstance which could tend to preserve and do honor to the memory of a man to whom America is so much indebted and who, as he was the first that sum his genius and talents reflected back lustre on his native country, must continue to be ranked to the latest posterity, among its greatest benefactors and ornaments.
This edition will be published from the copy revised and corrected by Dr. Franklin, the corrections, of which are in the hand writing, of the author, and may be seen by any gentleman in the possession of the editor of the Aurora.
Early admiration of Dr. Franklin educated in veneration and reverence of his character—combined with other incidental circumstances not necessary to be pointed out, have concurred to favor the collection by the present editor, of the best materials that could be obtained after the sacrifice of the work by the devisee. With some industry, and with some expence he has possessed himself, not only of the copy with the corrections and additions in Dr. Franklin's hand writing; but also of several articles which have never appeared in any former collection, and of several which have never appeared in print.
Proposals would have appeared long since in this city, had not an advertisement of an intended edition, being published in the English prints; the present editor thought it might be yet possible that the edition advertised, was that which Mr. Temple Franklin was entrusted with; but it now appears that the English edition is only a republication of the former compilation with some small additions; but still very deficient, on a comparison with the corrected papers in the hands of the editor.
The whole will now be carefully collated, and the work executed in a style worthy of the great patriarch of American liberty and apostle of the American press.
The additional papers will form at least a volume, perhaps more—the authentic papers already printed, form three—and it is intended to begin with the second volume, which will be put to press immediately; and to publish the Biography last, so that such additional particulars as may throw any useful light on the life of this great man, may be engraved on his memoirs; to obtain which, and other important materials, the editor will spare neither pains nor expence.
Gentlemen who may be possessed of authentic or original papers, or correspondence of Dr. F. or who can give information where any are to be found, will render public service by communicating them to the editor.
CONDITIONS:
The work shall be elegantly printed; on a new small pica type and pale velutin paper in large octavo.
The work will be ornamented with numerous engravings, a vignette to each volume—a whole length portrait from the best likeness allowed to be in existence, now in the possession of the editor.
The price of each volume will be a dollar 50 cents, payable on delivery only.
Subscriptions will be received at the house of Wm. Duane, No. 105, Market Street, Philadelphia, and in Pennsylvaniaavern Washington city; and by other booksellers and private gentlemen, whose names will be notified in the several states of the union, in due time. August 8—

Scheme of Lottery No. V.
FOR the encouragement of Literature, and for improving the Navigation between Troy and Watertown, and for other purposes.
  1 Prize of D. 30,000 is D. 30,000   1 10,000 10,000   1 10,000 10,000   1 5,000 5,000   2 2,000 4,000   5 2,000 10,000   20 500 10,000   30 200 6,000   80 100 8,000   120 50 6,000   200 20 8,000   7100 10 71,000   4000 8 32,000   210,000 210,000 
21751 prizes, 23449 Blanks. 55,000 tickets at 6 dollars each, is 330,000. Let's take two blanks to a prize—subject to a deduction of 15 per cent. Prizes payable thirty days after the conclusion of the drawing. The first 4000 blanks will be entitled to 8 dollars each. First drawn number 1st. day, whether blank or prize, D. 10,000 10th 2,000 15th 1,000 20th 500 25th 1,000 30th 10,000 35th 1,000 40th 20,000 45th 1,000
A company of gentlemen in the city of New York having contracted with the managers for the unford tickets, the drawing will commence on the second Tuesday in December next, and will be continued at the rate of 600 tickets per day until completed, excepting the last day when there will remain 800 to be drawn. Tickets in the above lottery will continue to be sold by the managers at the original price of 6 dollars each until the second Tuesday in September next, on which day all that remains unsold will be delivered to the contractors.
THOMAS STORM, DANIEL HALE, SOLOMON SEATWICK, JOHN H. STOCKER, JOHN L. BROOME, Managers. August 15—
LOST On Monday evening between SPURRY's Inn & STELLE's Hotel, a small Red Morocco POCKET BOOK with some Bank Bills and other papers of use only to the owner. Any person delivering the same to John McCaul of Richmond or to the Printer, shall receive compensation. September 17—3t
JUST RECEIVED, FROM PHILADELPHIA, And now opening at D. RAPINE'S BOOKSTORE, CAPITOL HILL, DR. REES'S NEW CYCLOPEDIA, VOL. 1 PART II. Gentlemen who have patronised the work will please send for their copies. Eustis's treatise of the Pleas of the Crown, 2 vols. Reports, vols. 3 and 6. Plowden's history of Ireland, 5 vols. The secret history of the Court and Cabinet of St. Cloud, Conversations on Chemistry, The Mariner's Chronicle, being a collection of the most interesting narratives of shipwrecks, fires, famines, &c. vols. 1, and 2. And a great variety of other late and valuable publications, all which will be sold at reasonable prices. September 15—5t
NOTICE. ALL those indebted to the firm of Brown and Byus will make immediate payment to Mr. SAMUEL SPEAKE, and all those having claims against the said firm will hand them in to Mr. Speake, who is fully authorised to settle the same. JOHN BROHAWN, Surviving partner of B. & Byus. Washington, September 17—3t
50 Dollars Reward.
RANAWAY from the subscriber, on the 20th ult. mulatto JOE. Joe is a stout well made dark mulatto fellow, 5 feet 9 or 10 inches high, about 30 years of age—has several large scars on his hands and body, lips a little. Had on and took with him, a tow linen shirt & trowers, one pair of nankeen trowers, also one old fur-trimmed coat and old hat much worn. Joe can write a tolerable good hand, & has run away before, when he was taken up & put in the Frederick town jail & sold out by George Creager in 1805. Any person taking up said fellow, and securing him in any jail to that I get him again, shall receive if taken within the county, 20 dollars, and if out of the state the above reward. If brought home all reasonable charges will be paid by the subscriber living in Frederick county, Md. near New Market. SINGELTON BURGE. N.B. I forewarn all persons from harboring or carrying off said fellow at their peril. P.S. Joe ran off in company with a fellow named Adam, and they were both lately advertised together; since which Adam has been taken and secured in the jail of York, (Pa.) Joe went in the same direction, and will probably make for Philadelphia, and endeavor to get on board some vessel and go to sea. Sept. 12—ept
WANTED IMMEDIATELY.
As an apprentice to the Druggist business—an active lad of about sixteen years of age—one who has some knowledge of the business or who has been accustomed to attend to a store would be preferred. Enquire of the Printer. Sept. 15—4t
FOR SALE OR RENT, TWO FRAME HOUSES Near the Navy Yard.—For terms apply to the subscriber near the premises. GUSTAVUS HIGDON. September 17—3t
THE SUBSCRIBER HAS just supplied his shop in F street with a complete assortment of fresh  Medicines & Drugs, among which are Spermaceti & Linseed oils—also Paints of every description. THOMAS PATTERSON. Washington city, June 23—tf
Sale of Valuable Property AT MY HOUSE. THE Land which I have heretofore advertised and fully described, I now again offer on the same terms to the highest bidder on Monday the 22nd of next month, together with a valuable woman qualified for either house or field work, a well grown boy and a lilly girl, both of whom are able to do good work, and three young girls. The woman to serve 10 years, the boy until he is 35, and the girls to 30 years of age. These negroes will be sold for cash or negotiable notes at 60 days. Also a variety of household and kitchen furniture, plantation implements of husbandry, horned cattle, horses, sheep and hogs. For all sums of 30 dollars or under the cash must be paid. Above 30 dollars and not exceeding 50 dollars, a credit of 3 months will be given from 50 to 80 six months, from 80 to 100, nine months, and for all above 100 dollars 12 months, all on security with interest from the date. The sale to commence at 11 o'clock and continue from day to day till completed. GEO: LEE. Charles County, Aug. 20—tdof
LEONARD TOWN JOCKEY CLUB RACES. ON the 1st and Tuesday in October next, a PURSE of Forty Guineas will be run for over a handsome course—heats four miles, free for any horse, mare, or gelding, agreeable to the rules of the Club, & on the following day a Purse of 20 Guineas will be run for over same course, heats two miles, free as aforesaid, only excepting the winning horse of the preceding day. By order of the Club, B. J. MILLARD, Sec. Sept. 2—ept
On a liberal credit. THE subscriber will dispose of at private sale, his estate called Chiechester, lying on the eastern branch, immediately opposite the city of Washington. This tract of land containing 697 acres is laid off in lots from 83 to 144 acres for the convenience of purchasers. Plats of the estate and the terms of sale are in the hands of colonel Hinton at the navy yard, and Charles Wayman of George Town. The lots will be shown by Mr Wedden, living on the premises, near the Eastern Branch bridge. ANTHONY ADDISON. Barnaby, 12th June 1805—tf
TO RENT, THE COMMODOIOUS BRICK STORE near the CAPITOL, now in the occupation of Messrs. P. HEALY & Co. Possession to be given on the 1st of May. Enquire of Frederick May. March 28—tf
Lots in Washington for Sale. I will sell by public sale to the highest bidder at Rhode's tavern in the city of Washington on Wednesday the 18th of October next at 11 o'clock, A.M. LOTS numbers 13 and 14 in Square No. 321 in said city. These lots lie at a very little distance from the Branch Bank. Six months credit will be given. The payment to be secured by notes negotiable at the bank of Columbia satisfactorily endorsed. JOHN MURDOCH. Georgetown, September 3—tdof
50 DOLLARS REWARD.
STOLEN out of the subscriber's pasture in Loudoun county in the night of the 26th June, a bright BAY MARE with a bald face, the left hind foot white, the right hip a little lower than the other, a mark like a seam down the hoof of the right hind foot, and it is different in shape from the other; about 15 hands and 1-2 high, three years old last spring, a natural trotter, had on when she was taken three shoes. Whoever will apprehend the thief and secure the mare so that the owner may get her again and the felon brought to conviction, shall have the above reward or for the mare only twenty-five dollars and all reasonable charges. WILLIAM NICHOLS. Loudoun county, Vir. July 11—3m
CHARLES H. VARDEN, Merchant Taylor New Jersey Avenue, near the Capitol. RESPECTFULLY informs the gentlemen of the district of Columbia, that he has received by late supply from Philadelphia from London, a fresh supply of the best superfine cloths, cassimeres, &c. with a choice assortment of plain nankeens, cotton cassimeres, India nankeens, blue and yellow, fashionable Trafalgar white and fancy Merleilles, with a variety of other articles suitable for the summer. N.B. Ladies habits, regimentals, and navy uniforms made in the first style of fashion. Richard Harwells new invented patent elastic suspender, which are far superior to any heretofore in use, can be had on the same terms as at his manufactory. June 23—tf
ELIAS B. CALDWELL, ATTORNEY AT LAW, HAS removed his Office, to the house lately occupied by Mr. LAW, on Capitol Hill. Washington, July 24—tf
Treasury Department of the United States, June 21, 1806.
WHEREAS the commissioners of the Sinking fund, at a meeting held on the 28th day of April, 1806, did resolve, that the sum remaining to complete the expenditure of the annual appropriation of eight MILLIONS of DOLLARS, should among other purposes be applied to the reimbursement of the navy six per cent. stock, created in pursuance of an act of Congress passed on the 30th day June, 1798 and to the reimbursement of the five and half per cent. stock, created in pursuance of an act of Congress, passed on the 3d day of March, 1795. This is therefore to give notice, that the principal of the said navy six per cent. stock, with the interest due thereon, will on surrender of the certificates, be paid on the 1st day of October next ensuing the date hereof, to the respective stockholders or their lawful representatives or attorneys duly constituted and authorized, either at the Treasury, or at the Loan office, as the case may be, where credits have been given for the amount of stock, respectively held by them: and that the principal of the five and half per cent. stock, with the interest due thereon, will in like manner, and at the same places, be paid on the 1st day of January, 1807, to the respective stockholders, or their lawful representatives or attorneys duly constituted and authorized. It is further made known, for the information of the parties concerned, that no transfers of the navy six per cent. stock, either from one to the books of the treasury, or from one to the books of a Commissioner of Loans, will be allowed after the 1st day of September ensuing, nor after the 1st day of December ensuing. And the interest on all certificates of said stock, which shall not have been surrendered, in pursuance of this notification, will cease and determine, on the day preceding the day hereby fixed for the reimbursement thereof. ALBERT GALLATIN, Secretary of the Treasury. June 23—tf
Valuable Property, for SALE.
THE subscriber offers for sale the following very valuable property: About 1000 acres of good land in Culpepper county in Virginia, lying on Flat ran, and distant 30 miles from Fredericksburg, and 60 from Alexandria and Washington. The improvements are extensive, consisting of a large commodious dwelling house, and every other necessary building on an extensive scale, and all in order. The soil is calculated for the culture of Indian corn, wheat and tobacco and also produces grasses of all kinds. A three story brick house in the town of Alexandria, at the corner of King and Columbia streets, 40 by 20 feet, now occupied by Mr. John Roberts. It is calculated either for a store or dwelling house: also, a valuable unimproved lot, in the same town, on King street. In the city of Washington, an elegant three story BRICK HOUSE, on F street, now in the occupation of Mr. Madison, with the framed building adjoining; a two story Brick House on M street fronting the Navy Yard, 34 by 22 feet, suited for both a store and dwelling: a two story Brick House, 34 by 22 feet, on square 881, lying between the Capitol and Navy Yard. The dwelling house and brewery now in lease to Dr. Coningham, two squares above the Navy Yard, on the Eastern branch, eminently calculated for a most extensive brewery and distillery: also, the valuable wharf on which the same stands, suited for a lumber yard. The dwelling house I now live in, with five unimproved Lots adjoining, and an unimproved Lot fronting the President's square. Terms, one third cash. For the balance will be given a credit of 6, 12 and 18 months, with interest; or will be taken for fair balance, loans in the Mississippi territory, in the vicinity of Natchez, or young negroes at a fair valuation. Should not the Virginia Lands be sold before the 20th of October next, 700 acres of them will be offered for lease on good terms. Apply to Robert B. Voss, of Culpepper county, col. Geo. Deneale, of Alexandria, or to the subscriber in the city of Washington, near the navy yard. NICHOLAS VOSS. Sept. 3—tm
FOR SALE,
AT Bath (Berkeley Springs) Virginia, a HOUSE & LOT thereto belonging (late the property of Thomas Palmer, deceased.) The premises are calculated for a genteel family, or would make an excellent Boarding house, having thereon a smoke house, coach house and stables, with a garden laid out with much taste and inclosed with a good board fence. Also near the town, are for sale, SEVEN acres of LAND, inclosed with a stone wall. The whole will be sold very low, or exchanged for property in or near any of the large towns or cities. Apply to John Davidson, Washington city, or to Wm. Alexander, esq. Bath, aforesaid. Note—If not sold, it will be let for the season: April 16—tf
STELLE'S HOTEL & CITY TAVERN.
THE Subscriber takes this method of thanking his friends and the public for their favors whilst on the Capitol Square and begs leave to acquaint them that he has taken the Spacious Hotel lately erected by Mr. Carroll, near the Capitol. The hotel being above one hundred feet in front, and containing fifty rooms enables the subscriber to offer every accommodation to members of Congress and travellers which can be expected in a public house. PONTIUS D. STELLE. Washington City, March 25—tf N.B.—P. D. S. will rent the house lately occupied by him on the adjoining square
A FARM TO RENT.
I have a farm in Montgomery county at the FALLS of SENECA, on Potomac, 18 miles from George Town, which I will rent to good tenant on reasonable terms, for one or a term of years. JOSEPH FORREST. City of Washington, September 5—3w
350 DOLLARS REWARD.
ELOPED from the subscriber, residing in Washington, District of Columbia in 1806, a black man named BASSIL, of a dark complexion, about 5 feet 8 or 9 inches high, a remarkable wen on his forehead, and has had the first joint of his left fore finger cut off, he is about 50 years old, and has worked at the ship carpenter's and caulker's business, as also at the house carpenter's and wheelwright's business. Also, in November 1805, two negro slaves, named PETER and GERARD; Peter is of a light complexion, approaching a mulatto, long wool, about 6 feet high, 22 years old, and works as a laborer. Gerard is rather of a light complexion, short wool, remarkable thick ankles, about 5 feet 10 inches high, and a blacksmith by profession. I will give 100 dollars each, for the above mentioned negroes, if confined in any jail so that I get them again. Also, on the 13th of August 1806, a negro woman named KEZIAH, aged about 24 years, 5 feet 6 inches high, of a light complexion, but not mulatto, she took with her several pieces of wearing apparel, among which are recollected a black lutestring habit, and also a light ground calico; she carried off with her an only child named Hanton, a boy about three years old, well grown and remarkable for a protuberance on his navel, it is supposed the will dress him either in an osnaburg frock, or in a red flannel jacket and pantaloon. I will give 50 dollars reward for the above mentioned negro woman, if confined in any jail so that I get her again, and will pay all reasonable charges if brought home. ROBERT ALEXANDER. Sept. 3d—3wtp
N.B. It is supposed they all have forged certificates of freedom, therefore all masters of vessels and others are warned not to harbor or carry them off. * * * The Editors of the Aurora, Citizen, and Independent Chronicle, are requested to insert the foregoing advertisement three times in their respective papers, and to transmit their accounts to the Editor of the National Intelligencer for settlement.
A FACT.
THOSE indebted to me must make immediate payment, as I am determined to close my books finally, and all accounts which are not settled in a very short time will be put in a way for collection. Finding it very unpleasant, and troublesome to make collections, shall for the future sell for CASH only, which will be much more to my satisfaction, and give me the pleasure to do business quick, and twenty per cent. lower than any person who sells on a credit. Shall have for sale a handsome assortment of seasonable, substantial and fashionable goods; and be giving the best prices Cash for Tobacco inspected in this place. ROMULUS RIGGS. George Town, August 15—cp6w
Proposals
FOR PUBLISHING BY SUBSCRIPTION,  PYRROLOIMOGIA, Or; Inquiries into the PESTILENCE CALLED THE YELLOW FEVER.
CONTAINING the history of its symptoms and prevalence in different parts of the world; a comparative statement of all controversies respecting its origin, modes of propagation and treatment; with an attempt towards a new theory of the electrical phenomena and galvanic influence arising from terraqueous & parial exhalations, which explains the causes of pestilential diseases, their remedies and preventatives. BY FELIX PASCALIS, M. D. Of New York, Formerly Physician and Member of the Board of Health in the state of Pennsylvania, Honorary Member of the Medical Societies of Philadelphia, and of Connecticut; and Associate to other American and European Literary institutions.
The author has been a medical practitioner in Philadelphia during seven epidemical occurrences of the Yellow Pestilence. To enlarge the sphere of his experimental observations on that interesting subject, he has lately travelled in the south of Spain, and also visited South Carolina, where that disease has by many, been supposed to be endemic. With so many motives to trust to his opinions, the author wishes notwithstanding to be honored with the support of the learned in the U. States, who have had so many more opportunities than those of Europe to exercise their judgment on a subject highly important to the welfare of this country—a country with which many European nations frequently interdict the intercourse of their subjects as if it were absolutely the abode of pestilence. Whatever claims the author may imagine he derives from his experiences, he will, however, thankfully receive any documents contrary to the theory he proposes. He, therefore, respectfully solicits communications tending either to establish or to invalidate the truth of an Electrical and Galvanic influence, &c. as a cause of pestilential diseases. Such interesting papers on these subjects as he shall be favored with previously to the first of November next (post paid) will be gratefully acknowledged and duly noticed, unless otherwise requested.
CONDITIONS.
This work shall be printed in a handsome style on fine wove paper and new type, as soon as a sufficient number of subscribers shall be obtained to defray the necessary expenses. It will be comprised in two volumes octavo, each volume containing more than 300 pages, to be delivered to subscribers in boards at Five Dollars the set, or handsomely bound and lettered at Six Dollars. Subscriptions received at the Courier office No. 1. Broad street. Charleston, Aug. 15—
TO RENT,
On very low terms, FOUR convenient Two story brick DWELLING HOUSES directly south of the Six Buildings. Apply to T. H. GILLISS. Washington city, Aug. 15—wtf
SAMUEL VAIL, & Co.
SUBMIT TO THE PUBLIC THE FOLLOWING PROPOSALS, FOR PUBLISHING AT ST. LOUIS, IN THE LOUISIANA TERRITORY, A WEEKLY NEWSPAPER MISSOURI CORRESPONDENT, AND ILLINOIS GAZETTE.
PREFATORY to undertaking the Editorial labors of a Newspaper, we presume to offer the following remarks:
While the United States by their rapid progress in population, agriculture, commerce and the arts, are becoming every day more and more powerful and opulent, the limits of our western settlements are widely extending themselves far beyond our ancient boundaries, even to a very great length into our newly acquired territories, beyond the utmost expectation of the most sanguine of our fellow citizens. Since the important acquisition of Louisiana, comprising a tract of the finest country on the face of the globe—embracing almost every climate between the north and south poles—a tract of country more extensive than all the United States besides, and capable of affording subsistence to more people than all the continent of Europe; with all the necessaries, and almost all the luxuries that can possibly be conceived of. We consider this a rational anticipation, entirely unconnected with any thing prophetic or visionary. There are other considerations which operate powerfully upon our minds, and tend absolutely to induce in us a belief, of the growing consequence of the region in question; the citizens of which have a guarantee of all the rights of the citizens of the United States in the constitution; and equally entitled to enjoy the rights and security of life, liberty, property, and reputation, as well from the valuation of any foreign nation, as from Indian war. Although far removed from the present greatest population of the United States, by the compact of federal union, the physical force and power of the nation must be extended to the government and people, for their protection forever, or at least so long as the union exists. In this view of the subject we are compelled to believe, that the period is not far distant, when the face of this healthy and beautiful country, will be covered with a numerous population, and that seminaries of learning will appear throughout the whole—so that the arts and sciences may find their way thither, without the trouble, labor and expense, of importation from abroad. It is believed that no country has yet been discovered, which affords such great temptations to emigrants from the old settled states and foreign countries, as the one of which we are now speaking.
The MISSOURI CORRESPONDENT & ILLINOIS GAZETTE, will always be open for the exposition of public measures. In the discussion of local questions, the Editors will know no party, but will give place to all essays that are couched in decent and correct language. Its columns will contain a summary of the acts and proceedings of Congress during and after their session; and the proceedings of the Legislatures of Louisiana and Indiana territories in detail—together with a due portion of political, historical, philosophical, moral, poetical and amusing essays.
Ever mindful of the respect due to a Gazette intended for circulation among a numerous, virtuous and independent people, whose generous patronage we hope to merit and receive—in return for which, it will be our endeavor to become useful members of the community, and cultivate a friendly intercourse with all our patrons. We shall always in an independent manner keep in mind our constitutional guarantee—the Liberty of the Press—remembering, too, at the same time that the great Montesquieu in his Spirit of Laws has declared, that, "Liberty without control is licentiousness."
CONDITIONS.
1. It shall be printed weekly on the day which shall be found best adapted, to the purpose of affording the earliest intelligence, and the most speedy distribution of the papers. 2. It shall be printed on a royal sheet, in folio, and on a good type. 3. Subscriptions; price THREE DOLLARS per annum paid in advance, or promissory notes for Four Dollars at the expiration of the year. 4. Advertisements of no more length than a breadth, will be inserted three weeks, for one dollar and fifty cents—for each continuance, thirty-seven and a half cents—Those who with their advertisements in the French language, will be accommodated.
60 DOLLARS REWARD.
RANAWAY from the subscriber living in Prince George's county on Sunday the 29th inst. the three following slaves—a mulatto young man who calls himself BILL STEWART, he was born at Montgomery court house, was once the property of Honoré Martin, was purchased of him by the late Rich. Contee who sold him to me; he is a likely well made fellow about 21 years of age, 5 feet 10 inches high, his hands and feet are large; the evening before he absconded he had his hair cut close; he had with him a variety of clothing, viz. a blue coat and overalls, one light colored bearskin coat and overalls, a swansdown waistcoat, 3 fine Irish linen shirts and some coarse shirts, three muslin neckcloths, a fine hat, price 7 dollars; he took away a prayer book, in the first page of which is written Mary Duckett. JOE who calls himself Joe Grimes, alias Graham, and HARRY, both young negro men about 21 years of age—the clothing of these cannot be described. Joe has one of his arms broken near the wrist, which makes him longer than the other; when he is spoken to he speaks fast as if his tongue was too large for his mouth. Harry, I am informed, has several large scars on his body and one of his thighs occasionally by burns when he was young. The above reward will be paid for confining the three in jail, or 50 dollars for confining Bill in jail so that I get him again. WALTER BOWIE, July 7—2awtf