The national intelligencer and Washington advertiser. (Washington City [D.C.]), 1806-09-03 00:00:00

NATIONAL INTELLIGENCER, AND WASHINGTON ADVERTISER.
Vol. VI.
WASHINGTON CITY, PRINTED BY SAMUEL HARRISON SMITH, PENNSYLVANIA AVENUE.
No. D'CCXIX
FIVE DOLLARS PER ANNUM.
WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 3, 1806.
PAID IN ADVANCE.
REVIEW OF THE LIFE OF FREDERICK II. of Prussia.
[CONCLUDED.]
The queen of Frederick was a most exemplary woman, entirely occupied with acts of charity, and with fulfilling the king's intentions in regard to the reception of strangers at her court, and whatever else was intrusted to her. Frederick always treated her with the greatest respect, and visited her once a year on her birth day. On these occasions he appeared in silk stockings, but staid at her drawing room only half an hour. Our author draws a comparison between the characters of Frederick & prince Henry. It contains a flattering portrait of both, and yet, from the anecdotes related, appears in regard to prince Henry in particular considerably less.
"I have been a hundred times asked which of the two princes, Frederick and Henry, possessed in my opinion the most of the qualities that constitute a great man. There is no doubt that they were both of the small number of those men who are worthy to serve as models to the rest of their species, but who, notwithstanding, obtain the fewest imitators; never, however, did two men less resemble each other. Frederick was the most robust in form, yet his life was the shortest. The physiognomy of each was strongly marked and considerably characteristic, but the whole head of the king was strikingly handsome, which nevertheless did not prevent his assuming attitudes extreme severity of countenance; while the prince, who was far from being handsome, had an exterior that never failed to be engaging. No eyes perhaps were ever seen more penetrating, intelligent, animated, and agreeable than those of the king, though they could so suddenly assume an expression absolutely terrific. Those of prince Henry, on the contrary, at first sight conveyed the idea of harshness of character in the possessor, and inclined somewhat to a squint; but an intercourse with him of two minutes only was sufficient to produce a contrary opinion. The eldest brother had a ready flow of wit, a turn for repartee and epigram, and by nature prone to high spirits and sarcastic kind of humour; he was at the same time penetrating, and as it were prophetic; possessing in an eminent degree that sort of subtlety which deceives others, and is somewhat allied to cunning. This mind of prince Henry was of a more sober cast, but by no means deficient in quickness; he was habitually a reasoner, but without pedantry; severe in his judgment without unkindness; delicate without falsehood; upright and equitable without harshness or detection. His art was the sister of prudence; which confined itself to discovering that quality in others and enabled him to escape from its effects. Every man of taste and judgment would have highly valued opportunities of approaching and listening to the king, to whom they would have given their utmost admiration; but all men of rectitude and sensibility would have wished to live with the prince, on whom they would have bestowed their affections. The first dispensed delight in the society in which he engaged with a sort of profusion; the latter, the most delicate attentions and the most obliging courtesies. They were both more than what is called men of understanding; they were learned men; in profoundness of thinking, extent and fertility of genius, they were equal. In war and politics they have both been able actors; but what the one has done as it were by inspiration, the other has done by dint of calculation and reflection; hence it has happened that the one has performed the most astonishing achievements, and is the most chargeable with errors; while the other, whose achievements have also been great, has on the contrary no errors with which he could reproach himself. With respect to their talents, we may with truth ascribe to the king that of a mistrustful temper, and to the prince the contrary defect of too easy a confidence. I am not now speaking of their discretion: the king has sometimes betrayed his political opinions from passion; the prince was never guilty of impudence but when only his personal concerns were in question, because the first was by nature irritable, and the last by nature frank. Both possessed considerable haughtiness of temper on certain occasions: the king, for example, when he suspected a person of intending disrespect towards him, and the prince when he had reason to think the disrespect had actually taken place. Considered in a military point of view, the king was brave from character, and the prince from principle; on the other hand, in matters of social intercourse, it was the latter who was kind and indulgent from character, while the former were so from principle. I am inclined to compare the king to Hannibal for subtlety, and to Condé for personal courage; and the prince to Turenne and to Gustavus Adolphus. They shared between them, so to express myself, the characters of Alexander and Cæsar."
In the intercourse of Frederick with his brother and nephews the most striking circumstance is the suspicion with which he watched them, his occasional severity, and his jealousy of their splendid qualities. All who betrayed any attachment to Henry were marked objects of the king's dislike. All the princes were shut up in garrisons with their regiments, surrounded by his spies and severely curbed in their pleasures. The eldest of his brothers, who had undergone much fatigue in his wars, having sustained some loss in an engagement with the Austrians, was so harshly used as to have a lingering and fatal disorder brought on by his grief.
Of the great officers at court many were left wholly unoccupied during the reign of Frederick, and others were filled by persons intrusted with nothing, and indeed some of them incapable of executing any trust. Of this we have a curious instance presented to us:
"There was a chamberlain in the court of the queen mother, named M. de Morien, who was a man of so circumscribed an understanding as to be constantly held up to ridicule in the sphere to which he belonged; even after his death some traits were circulated of him that appeared almost incredible—such as his being unable to recollect whether at the siege of such a place he was the besieged or the besieger, and whether it was himself or his brother who was killed in such a campaign. To this M. de Morien it was that the marquis d'Argens lent the same volume seven times over; and who being asked afterwards how he liked the work, replied, "I think it, sir, an admirable production—but if I might speak my opinion freely, the author sometimes repeats the same things." The English ambassador requested him to present to the queen mother the Earl of Essex, then on his travels, and added that it was not the Earl of Essex who had been beheaded under queen Elizabeth: accordingly M. de Morien, at the usual hour of presentations, said to the queen, "Madame, I have the honor to present to your majesty the Earl of Essex, a native of England and a traveller: for the rest, the English ambassador has assured me that he is not the same Earl of Essex who was beheaded under queen Elizabeth!"
In the connection of Frederick with his court, there is nothing more conspicuous than his love of solitude, of being master of his own time, and of avoiding all ceremonies as much as possible. He was fond of the stage, and particularly the opera; and kept some capital performers at a high salary, paid by himself. His equipage was very little conspicuous—his stud belonged to the riding school. On the occasion of the archduke Paul coming to Berlin to marry a princess of his family, Frederick seemed for once anxious to make a magnificent display, and for this purpose ordered all the old state carriages of his grandfather, which had been out of repair for fifty years, to be new gilded to improve the spectacle, which they certainly did—occasioning much mirth by their grotesque appearance.
In his transactions with his court and people we continually meet with some abuse, some want of human feeling, to which he was led by the uncontrolled power in his hands. The inhabitants of Berlin had made splendid preparations for receiving him at their gates in triumph after the seven years war, had raised a triumphal arch, &c. Frederick, however, hearing of these preparations, changed his route, entered incognito at a different gate, and thus subjected the inhabitants to a mortification which they did not forget for many years afterwards. A very loyal and innocent man, the bishop of Breslaw, had been calumniated to the king, and in consequence had his revenues confiscated, and was even obliged to seek for safety in exile. Frederick was afterwards fully convinced of the bishop's innocence; but as a remission of the sentence must have been attended with a restoration of the confiscated revenues, the unfortunate man was allowed to die in exile and poverty. A paper maker from France was allured to Prussia by the magnificent promises of the king. These promises were, however, found to be hollow: and the paper maker having rejected, as infamous, a proposal to share the fruits he derived from the royal favor with some of the inferior members of the administration, was ruined by their arts, and condemned to waste out his days in a dungeon, where he denied even the necessaries of life from a poor creditor who had been involved in his ruin.
We have now to take a short view of the most important part of the work, that which relates to Frederick's civil and military government. The Frederickian code has been much extolled, and its regulations, if properly executed, might be productive of much happiness to a people. But where it is in the power of an individual, according to his own caprice, to alter, modify, and suspend the execution of the laws, it is in vain to look for the regular distribution of justice from a good code of laws. The code of Justinian contained the collected wisdom of ages, but did this compilation of the dictates of justice
prevent the Roman people from being plundered and abused by their tyrants and the satellites of tyranny? The laws of the Frederickian code were good, but Frederick could, without the fear of punishment, suspend the execution of these laws, or cause the decision to proceed in direct opposition to the dictates of the code. The king, in Prussia, is at once, the sole legislator, and the supreme executor of justice.
It must, however, be acknowledged that Frederick, when not swayed by caprice or misapprehension, was more inclined to mercy than rigor, especially in regard to private crimes. Few of our readers will blame the following exertion of his power, although not according to the strict rules of justice.
"A story that has been often cited is of the Catholic soldier in garrison in that one of the towns of Silesia, in which there was a chapel celebrated for the extraordinary devotion paid in it to the Virgin. Her statue which adorned the altar was ornamented with the gifts of her votaries, many of which consisted of the most valuable jewels. This soldier when he was not under arms, passed whole days in one of the corners of this chapel, edifying his spectators by his self-collect-edness, his earnestness, and his devotion. By degrees, people were accustomed to seeing him, and would have thought it a sort of crime to watch his motions; so that finding himself at length for the most part without witness, he robbed the statue of every thing valuable about it. When the theft was discovered, every one was suspected; not even the pious soldier escaped. He was examined, and one of the most costly of the stones was found in his possession."
"He was immediately brought to trial, and the false devotee was found guilty of robbery and sacrilege, notwithstanding his persisting to declare that the kind and holy virgin, touched with his zeal, had miraculously made him a present of the diamond. The sentence was laid before the king to be signed previous to its execution. Frederick assembled the most celebrated Catholic theologians of Silesia to pronounce upon the following question: "Is it possible, according to the doctrine of the Catholic Christians, that the Virgin should miraculously have given away what had been made a present to herself?" The theologians, though they laid great stress upon the improbability of such a miracle, in reality so little agreeable to the spirit of the church, could not, however, prevail on themselves, considering the question in a general point of view, to withhold their affirmative: on this, Frederick annulled the sentence; but added, that as he had no power to forbid the Virgin from giving away what belonged to her, he should forbid his soldiers, on pain of death, to receive any thing she might in future offer them."
The humorous dilemma of this question seems to have been Frederick's chief motive for lenity towards the soldier; and indeed in the various instances of his lenity recorded by M. Thiebault, we find the culprit almost always saved by some bon mot either of himself or of some other person. To exercise the virtue of mercy, chiefly, on such occasions, cannot but excite our esteem, unless it be considered as meritorious in a king to be accessible to the charms of wit; and we account it as a just distribution of things that the man of wit should be spared and only the dunces be hanged.
Another anecdote shows what is every moment to be dreaded when the power of a king is above the laws. A miller, having instituted a suit against a count N. for depriving his mill of water, and having been cast, presented a petition to the king craving justice. The king commanded his chancellor to have the cause tried again, which was done, and the same verdict returned. A second petition was presented; a third trial took place by the order of Frederick, and the same judgment again awarded. On the miller presenting a third petition, the king commissioned some of his secret agents to examine the facts on the spot and report them to him. Their representation agreed with that of the miller: the mill had actually been stop't from want of water, and this want of water was owing to the drains cut by count N. The king was no longer able to command his rage: he sent for the chancellor and the other three judges, reversed their sentence, and in their presence wrote another, condemning count N. to restore the water to the mill, to pay all the costs of both suits, and also such damages as would reimburse the miller for the losses he had sustained. After doing this, he sent Baron de Furst, the chancellor to the Devil, declaring he no longer stood in need of his services, and the three judges to the dungeons of Spandau, kicking them with indignation out of the room. Six months after this outrage, Frederick discovered that he had been misled by a misapprehension of the facts; that the mill had indeed been stop't for the want of water, and in consequence of the cutting of the drains; but that the drains had been cut below the mill, and consequently, although the volume of the stream even above the mill was
by this means diminished, yet count N. was in no degree to blame, since by the established maxims of jurisprudence every one is allowed to employ a stream running through his own grounds to the best advantage, unless he diverts it from those who are to use it after him. But although Frederick recognized his error, it was against the plan of his arbitrary government to make public reparation for the public wrongs he had committed. Without mentioning the affair to any one, he gave private orders to remit the fine of count N. he restored the three judges first to their liberty, and afterwards to their places, without however a word of apology for the affront offered to them. The chancellor, whose restoration would have looked like a public avowal of his error, was suffered to remain in disgrace. What rendered this attack on the ministers of justice more flagitious was, that none of them was present in the courts where the suit of the miller was tried; and that the chancellor, in particular, knew nothing of the circumstances. It is to be observed that the miller rented his mill from the king.
The system of civil administration might have done very well had proper checks been provided against the abuse of each department; but here, as in other despotic governments, the king himself was the only efficient check, and those who could deceive him might persist in the most flagrant abuses of their authority. He indeed used every precaution not to be deceived. He employed spies in every quarter, and attended incessantly to their reports. But then his spies were themselves as liable to be corrupted as others, and hence he was perpetually deceived. The laws were both tardily and partially executed, even the letters addressed to himself, were opened at the post-offices, or suppressed by his secretaries; and the frauds practised in collecting the revenues and in every other department were innumerable. Such is the feebleness and inefficiency of an arbitrary executive government, where no one but the monarch seems interested that affairs should be properly conducted, and where the rest have no other motive but fear to perform their duty. The instances of meanness and peculation recorded even of his prime ministers are disgraceful to a degree scarcely credible. The pitiful salaries which he allowed the officers of government, both high and low, were indeed a sufficient cause to render even their dread of his power insufficient to deter them from their practices. "They are all knaves in matters that relate to my interest," said he of his revenue officers; "I have studied them thoroughly, and I pronounce they would cheat me at the very altar." "Sire," replied his chief financier, "how can they do otherwise than cheat you? What you pay them will barely provide them with shoes and stockings?"
The measures adopted for promoting the internal prosperity of the country were dictated by that absurd system of political economy, whose object it is to force different sorts of industry by artificial methods. Frederick anxiously watched over the balance of trade, and endeavored by every means in his power to increase his exports, and reduce his imports. He built houses, and held out various encouragements to those who were desirous to engage in agriculture, manufactures or commerce. He took the sale of coffee, the chief article of importation, into his own hands, and by raising the price endeavored to diminish the consumption. He took the most rigorous measures to promote the sale of home manufactures; on one occasion, for example, he compelled all the Jews who married in his dominions to take a certain quantity of his home-made porcelain, in the confidence that they would hence be induced to use their utmost endeavors to bring it into general use. In short Frederick, with the plenitude of arbitrary power, endeavored to carry into effect the means recommended by the mercantile system for promoting the internal prosperity. It is needless to add that his success was as bad as the means he employed were absurd.
That part of Frederick's political measures which has excited most attention is his military government, and this is precisely the part in which we find the spirit of his despotic administration most remarkably displayed. By a law framed by William, the father of Frederick, all the lower orders of the Prussians, were, with a few exceptions, doomed to be soldiers for life. The despair excited by this dreadful decree, when it was first promulgated, led to the most fatal consequences. Those who could emigrated, and those who remained behind very commonly disabled themselves for service by cutting off one or more fingers of the right hand. By degrees this despair was succeeded by some acquiescence, and at present the Prussians see the recruiting officers enter their district, and order away the most promising of their sons to the army, with only unresisting grief. The Prussian armies are composed of natives thus dragged together, and of foreigners, chiefly French deserters, who have been procured by a bounty,
and who only wait a fresh opportunity to desert. Such were the men whom Frederick found it necessary to keep in awe, by the most unrelenting severity. He was certainly in the right, when he judged that men of this description, to whom he held out no rewards, no means of bettering their condition, could only be restrained from deserting by the most fearful apprehensions. But why he should have increased their desire to desert by allowing his officers to abuse them in the brutal manner they did, would seem astonishing, if fear were not the engine to which a despotic prince is accustomed. The attempts which have been made by misguided men to introduce his abominable policy in other countries would lead us to suppose they were ignorant of the success of his measures. Can any thing be more revolting than the following account of the consequences by an eye witness.
"The dreadful severity I now speak of, at the time of my being at Berlin, rendered a great number of soldiers absolutely desperate. A fatal and horrible maxim was established among them, they said to each other, that the best thing they could do was to die, but to prevent their afterwards going to hell for committing suicide, they would murder some child, who by that means they sent to Paradise, whither they should themselves go of necessity themselves, for the purpose of confessing the murder and surrendering their persons, and thus procuring themselves the opportunity of asking pardon of God previous to being condemned to punishment."
"I knew of a great number of the soldiery who had adopted this monstrous doctrine. Frederick conceived against it the most just abhorrence and alarm; and, to counteract it, gave strict order that no priest or pastor should be allowed to approach a novice of this description, whose crimes, he observed, was more in the spirit of the devil than of religion. The remedy at first produced but little effect: it was not, however, quite useless; the soldiers could not think, without utter repugnance, of dying without spiritual assistance, and feared this privation would more infallibly than any other means bring upon them the pains of damnation."
A remedy truly worthy of a tyrant whose severity made it requisite! But let us mark the issue of such measures:
"The regiment of the guards, before the seven years' war, was commanded by a man of so severe a temper that the soldiers swore among themselves to aim their first cartridges at him whenever they should be called out to face the enemy. War was soon after declared—the general having learned the resolution of the soldiers, was under considerable apprehension: on the first occasion of his marching he halted so unseasonably that M. de Mullenendorff, who was then a captain in the corps, ventured to animadvert on his proceeding, but without producing the desired effect. Shortly after, M. de Mullenendorff perceiving the prince d'Anhalt at some distance, hastened toward him, and conjured him to save the honor of the regiment by giving such orders as would produce a prompt obedience. The prince accordingly gave orders for attacking the enemy without delay, and on the first discharge of musketry the general fell to the ground pierced with fifty bullets."
Our author mentions several other instances of the most desperate attempts being made by the soldiers to rise upon their officers, and effect their escape. Nothing indeed can exceed their misery, and death seems to be counted as a desirable end to their sufferings. The following is an account of the police by which any attempt to escape from their miseries is repressed:
"What renders desertion in Prussia, in time of peace nearly impossible is, the order established respecting soldiers. Any officer who sees several soldiers standing together, may and ought to separate them by blows with his cane, especially if they are Frenchmen. Every captain, from whose company a soldier deserts, is put under confinement for a limited time. Every garrisoned town is surrounded by fortifications, by walls, or at least by palisades; this inclosure has within it a periphery that resembles a road or place for walking; here the sentinels are so stationed as for one to see and hear the other throughout. If a deserter has passed between two of these sentinels, and the fact is proved, the two sentinels undergo a flogging; in addition, the muster-roll is called over three times in the course of every evening. If there be but one who does not answer to his name, the strictest search is immediately made, and if he be not found in the course of an hour, the cannon for alarm is discharged: this is a cannon of large dimensions, placed on a high place, and is heard in all the adjacent villages. This alarm resembles the country people, who take up arms and keep guard at every outlet. A reward of forty livres is paid to any village that lays hold of a deserter; and, on the other hand, the village through which a deserter is proved to

have passed, is obliged to pay a fine of the same amount.
Such is the kind of policy that renders desertion so extremely difficult, that the most extraordinary good fortune and the most indefatigable industry can alone ensure its success; and the more so, as soldiers can derive from none the smallest assistance. Their letters are not permitted to go by the post without being first inspected and approved by their officers. Any citizen that should procure a deserter a coat, or other means of effecting his design, would himself be made a soldier, or sent to the fortress, if his age rendered him unfit to serve."
When led out to war, even under the conduct of the great Frederick, these men contrived to desert continually in vast numbers. Our author mentions an instance which fell under his own observation, of a corps which went dancing to the theatre of war from the hope of deserting; and on their return ninety-nine out of each hundred had either died or deserted. In battle the utmost precautions were taken by Frederick to secure their fidelity. It was on this account that he trained them to fire at a distance instead of charging with the bayonet. There was also a subaltern officer with each company to every three men. "I can easily believe you march firmly," said a Frenchman; "you are between two enemies, and the one you can least escape from is the line of men, came in hand, who march behind you without losing sight of you for a moment."
Subordination was attempted to be preserved by the most unequal distribution of justice to the several ranks of the army. The wrongs of the inferiors to the superiors were hardly ever pardoned, those of the superiors to the inferiors as rarely punished. Yet the condition of the officers themselves was but a more dignified species of slavery.
The military discipline of Prussia consists of different arrangements of extreme severity, even for the officer, and some of them extremely singular.
The king allows each officer to leave of absence, nor is it ever obtained but for reasons of a serious nature: it is, therefore, a singular occurrence, to find any officer from his post.
No cause but that of illness can excuse an officer from performing even the minutest duties of his station. Thus the officers of cavalry are obliged to be present, every day, when their horses are rubbed down at six and eight o'clock in the morning, and at four and six in the evening. Count de Reichenbach, whose friendship towards me was equal to what I felt for him, never in a single instance failed of being at the stables four times in every day, and that before the minute fixed for his appearance, and during the 11 years he served in the gendarmes. "My situation," said he, "is a most cruel one; I never close my eyes without saying to myself, to-morrow I shall be condemned to pass the remainder of my life in the fortress, without having committed any fault: for such is the punishment inflicted on the officer who, when under arms, makes a reply, however temperate, to the commanding officer who even unjustly affronts him. If therefore, I am not insensible or a coward, I have no alternative but that of committing a crime: on the other hand, I am required to carry my delicacy to such a point as to prefer death to the enduring the most trifling offence, whether real or only apparent, from a friend. Unable then to recollect such contradictions, I have taken refuge in uniformly preserving a delicacy of sentiment on every occasion that should present itself, and consequently, should resent, with becoming spirit, an affront from any of my superior officers; and they are well acquainted with this my decision. But I have still another contradiction to struggle with. If I fight a duel with my comrade, who shall have been the aggressor, provided the weapon I use be a sword or a pistol, no notice is taken of the proceeding; but if I fight with a citizen, my honor requires that I should kill him. If I allow myself to fight a regular duel with him, I am dismissed from my corps and disgraced, however just my cause; but if I have the address to provoke him to insult my honor, and take advantage of the moment to plunge my sword into his body, the worst that can happen to me in consequence is two years imprisonment in the fortress; I am neither degraded nor deprived of my subsistence. Such is the result of the law which prohibits our fighting a duel with any but military men."
Among the other strange abuses in his military system was his not allowing any one to retain commissions in his army unless they were of noble extraction. While he was engaged in war, indeed, he availed himself of the services of all he could engage, but while at peace, scarcely a review passed without his striking some officer off the list under this absurd pretext. It is probable that Frederick consulted his economical views by this conduct; but our author alleges it was from a fixed plan to make the nobility of his dominions good for something. A number of anecdotes are related of the infamous practices which Frederick countenanced for kidnapping men into his service.
In his conduct to his officers, the companions of his wars, the most remarkable trait in Frederick's behavior is ingratitude. He indeed behaved to them with the greatest familiarity, and invited them often to his table; but on the slightest offence he made no scruple of affronting them publicly, dismissing them from the service, or sending them to Fort-law. Such was the manner in which general Brewer was treated when advanced in years. Such also was the fate of the Baron de Pirch who had
been his constant attendant during the seven years' war, & who had twice saved his life.
As to the military character of Frederick it is too well known to need any comment. His intrepidity, his skill, the rapidity of his movements, his handiness, his dexterity in repairing disasters, his prodigality of the lives of his men, his jealousy of his generals, have often been recounted. Our author takes occasion to introduce in this part of his work anecdotes of several persons, particularly of the Baron de Trenck. The singular adventures of that man he ascribes to an intrigue with the Princess Amelia, the sister of Frederick. He informs us that the monarch, after discovering the intrigue, endeavored to divert Trenck from continuing it, and that it was only in consequence of the obstinate perseverance of the latter that he was at length thrown into a dungeon. His deliverance was procured by the interposition of the queen of Hungary, who was led by the artifices of the princess Amelia's agents, to interfere in his behalf. The narrative is curious, but bordering on the marvellous.
The last part of the work before us is occupied with an account of Frederick's academy, schools, and friends, literary and philosophical. We have here a detail of the quarrel between Frederick and Voltaire. Nothing can be more puerile, absurd, and even dishonorable, than the conduct of both. Those who wish to see how contemptible men may become, even with the most brilliant parts, if they are devoid of honorable sentiments, will peruse this narrative with profit.
Among the friendships of Frederick, that with counsellor Jordan does him honor. It continued uninterrupted till the death of the latter. To have quarrelled with a man of Jordan's temper, would indeed have been a strange instance of caprice. The case of Jordan is however singular. Another is mentioned of the marquis d'Argens, who had served him with enthusiastic fidelity for thirty years, and even once saved him from suicide when he had despaired of his affairs. That nobleman was at length turned off at seventy, an age at which he had stipulated with Frederick that he should be at liberty to retire. Such, however, was his dread of that monarch's severity, that when his seventieth year was completed, he durst not remind Frederick of his promise:
"In the mean time the marquis's seventy years were accomplished, yet he durst not leave Prussia. The agreement had not, in a long course of time, even been mentioned; for the last endeavor made by the courtier to recal the king's attention to the idea had manifestly excited his displeasure. The marquis, therefore, could not again have ventured on the subject without exposing himself to the danger of the most cruel reproaches and humiliations. The uneasiness he experienced in this situation may be easily conceived; nor was he at all times able to conceal it. 'Ah, my friend,' said he, when we happened to be alone together, 'never let us suppose it possible to reduce crowned heads to the class of civilized beings. In vain do we hope to soften the characters of sovereigns by means of the arts; in vain are they induced to love and cultivate them with success. They are lions, and the man who thinks he has succeeded in taming them is sure to find his mistake; they are radically ferocious, sanguinary, and capricious. At the moment when least expected their instinct awakes, and you are the victim of their teeth or claws before you are aware of the danger.' 'Do you believe,' said he, on another occasion, 'that a great king can really preserve his sensibility in favor of individuals? Let him receive from nature every degree of genius, every possible talent; let him cherish the muses, protect their votaries; let his mind be endowed with a thousand amiable qualities; let it be naturally expansive and susceptible; what becomes of these propensities in a long and continual exercise of sovereignty? And what are private individuals in the eyes of him who decides daily on the fate of nations? What are atoms to him who sees and hears, and is brought into contact with great masses only?'"
At length the Marquis obtained leave to pay a farewell visit to his friends in France, but upon an express promise to return to Prussia. After parting with them, he was suddenly taken ill on his way back to the land of bondage. The time appointed for his return having thus elapsed, the suspicious Frederick, imagining he had violated his faith, commanded all the pensions, the rewards of his long services, to be stopped. These tidings reached the Marquis on his sick bed. He wrote an indignant letter to the monarch, and returned to France to subsist during the remainder of his days on the bounty of his brother.
Such are the views of Frederick, both as a man and a monarch, which are presented to us in this work: a man endowed with qualities calculated to render him eminent in any station of life, and yet, by his unfortunate destiny, chiefly employed in riveting the chains of a nation and dealing unhappiness around him.
50 Dollars Reward.
RANAWAY from the subscriber, on the night of the 13th inst a negro woman named KIZZIE, 24 years of age, about 5 feet 6 inches high, of a bright complexion; she took with her an only child, a boy named HANSON, about three years of age, well grown, and remarkable for a pretubérance of his naval clothing not remembered. Whoever apprehends said negro and child, shall receive five DOLLARS if taken within the district of Columbia, the above reward, if taken without the district, and all reasonable charges paid.
ROBERT ALEXANDER.
August 15—m.t.
New-York, Aug. 29.
LOSS OF THE ROSE IN BLOOM.
Since the wreck of the Halsewell Indian, on the horrors of which the most pathetic strains of the mourning muse have been lavishly poured forth, and the painter's pencil so frequently employed, nothing of the kind has occurred, at least that we can at present call to recollection, so calculated to wring the heart of humanity, and to excite sorrow and sympathy in every bosom, not wholly shut against the tender visitings of our nature, as the shipwreck of the Rose in Bloom. Convinced that our readers will be anxious to get minute information respecting that disastrous event, we have been at some pains to obtain the particulars, which we found to be simply as follows:
The Rose in Bloom left Charleston on Saturday, the 16th of August instant, with the wind at S. W. which continued till the Tuesday following, when it changed to the east, occasioning a very high sea, though the wind was by no means great. Thus it continued till Friday, the morning of which was ushered in with every appearance of a heavy gale. At noon on that day, a storm arose of great violence attended with thunder and lightning so fierce and vivid as had rarely been witnessed, never exceeded, even by the oldest inhabitants of South Carolina who were on board. More need not be said of it than that it appalled the hearts of the stout mariners, & made such an impression on their imaginations as to induce them to think that there was a strong sulphureous stench about the vessel. About 4 o'clock it began to clear away—But in the evening the gale increased to a tempest, accompanied with heavy rain, both of which continued with unrelaxed severity, and without intermission for the whole night. On Saturday the violence of the tempest and the heavy agitation of the sea suggested to the captain the expediency of endeavouring to heave to, which he endeavored to do under a topsail; but this was in less than half an hour torn to shreds by the wind, and by the working of the vessel. A stay-sail was then set; but it too was shivered to pieces before midnight. At this time, the captain, becoming apprehensive that the wind, being at North East blowing very violently, and of course the drift of the vessel towards the land being very great, he might get ashore, set a close reefed foresail in hopes of the vessel's crawling off. Under this she continued laboring till twenty minutes after nine on Sunday morning, when she upset. None of the hatchees being battened down, the sea made its way through and rushed by them into the hold, while the cabin was immediately filled with water by the way of the companion. With an extraordinary presence of mind, supplied by the love of life operating upon brave and intrepid spirits, some of the passengers in the cabin, rushed up the companion, and some burst their way through the sky-light, and got into the sea. Among the first of those was Miss M C PHERSON, whom Mr. John Rutledge by a vigorous effort got up on the companion. The vessel being on her side, those who went out of the sky-light of course got into the sea, where they were entangled among the tackle and cordage, and in their struggles, clung to various parts of the masts, yards, and rigging. The only chance they appeared now to have was, to cut away the masts: but this was found to be impossible, neither axe nor hatchet being to be had. Some persons, however, who had run up the side of the ship by the shrouds, contrived, with much labor and difficulty, having nothing but small pocket knives with which to do it, to cut away the lanyards, on the giving way of which, all the masts broke off short by the board. The ship now began to right gradually, but very slowly. The lading below as well as on deck being cotton, she was, so far fortunately, buoyant, and continued to float with her stern above water; so low, however, as to be swept by the waves as they passed along. On this wretched support, the little chance or hope of life, which those passengers who had escaped the sea, now wholly rested. In the gallant effort of a brave father to save a beloved child, GEN. M C PHERSON, who from the outset to the last moment, incessantly exclaimed, "SAVE MY DAUGHTER," had been numbered with the dead. Mr. Booth, another of the passengers, had seen his wife and child buried forever in the deep. They had lain in the weather stateroom. On the vessel's oversetting he had burst out the dead light, and this unhappy pair getting upon the wreck with their only son, all clinging in an embrace together were swept into the sea where a wave separated them, never more to embrace. He rose in the mizen top—she was seen for a moment at the peak, and sinking, appeared no more. The child after a few feeble efforts, sunk also. Those who escaped from being carried away by the sea, and from drowning in the cabin, now collected upon the stern, & bound themselves with ropes to the weather railing, nearly naked, utterly destitute of food or drink. The cold too, was extremely great; & what with it, & what with the hurts and fatigue from the tossing about of the vessel, four of those died in the course of the afternoon. Every thing that could tend to dishearten them, was forbidden to be uttered, and such measures as their desperate means allowed, were taking to preserve them. They were arranged in three tiers, joined close for warmth; these changed place at stated intervals, so that each tier should have a turn of the middle place for shelter from the cold winds which blew upon them. In this perilous and painful state they continued all night. About midnight, the wind shifted
to N. W. the sea fell considerably, and the weather became moderate, and the night clear. About three o'clock in the morning they were cheered by a distant light, which the mariners insisted was a ship's light. It increased in size—it rose first from the horizon, and they had soon the satisfaction to perceive that it was the morning star, instead of the light of a ship. At day light on Monday the gale had quite abated, and the heat became almost as painful, as the cold had been before. At this time bags of cotton began to emerge from the hold, and a trunk escaped from the cabin, which had a small bag of biscuit in it. This, though reduced to a paste with the water, and salt as brine, they were rejoiced to get, resolving to husband it, by an allowance barely sufficient to keep soul and body together. In little more than an hour after sun rise, a sail was described in the S. W. standing as they thought, towards them. She afterwards seemed to change her course; which probably was owing to the weather being calm, and her consequently not answering the helm. Fearing that they should escape the notice of the vessel, and desirous to multiply objects in the sea, in order to increase their chance, two seamen were induced, by a reward promised by Mr. Rutledge, to get upon a mast or spar, and with paddles made from a weather board, to move towards the sail. At 8 o'clock, while the men were with great difficulty, but not more danger than they would be on the wreck, making their way, they & the wreck were discovered by the sail, which turned out to be the British brig SWIFT, of St. Johns N. B. commanded by an Irishman of the name of PHELAN, whose conduct upon this occasion, ranks him among the noblest instances of that pure benevolence and philanthropy, which do honor to the human race, and so generally distinguish the hearts of that oppressed nation. He immediately bore down to the wreck, put out his jolly-boat to succour the seamen on the spar; and his long-boat to relieve those on the wreck, and got them all in safety on board his vessel, the weather being dead calm. He continued by the wreck till the evening—scuttled the after part of the quarter deck which was above water, and by great exertions in diving caused some few trunks to be saved which helped to cloathe the surviving sufferers. Nor was this all. To his immortal honor be it said he would not stop doing good while any good remained to be done. He himself attended the sick, recruited & nourished the exhausted strength of those who were well; gave up his own blankets and clothes and those of his crew to cover the unfortunates he had saved—In a word, did every thing in his power to make them comfortable. And, what was more than all, without hesitation consented to go out of his course in order to bring the sufferers to New-York, where he landed them about 8 o'clock on Wednesday evening.
Events of such an afflicting nature would be intolerably painful, if they were not relieved by something calculated to sooth the mind, and relieve it from the agony of reflecting upon so much horror. In this case the soul, sickened with a long delay of miseries and death and anguish, turns from the sufferers; and reposes with delight upon the contemplation of the humane and generous man who relieved them.
Mr. Tait of the house of Tait and Wilson in Charleston, than whom a worthier man liveth not, and Mr. Bowering, being in births to windward when the vessel overset could not get out of the cabin, where they were found dead, very much bruised and lacerated as it is supposed by the rolling of the casks and trunks, and by their fruitless efforts to escape.
The following is a copy of a letter written yesterday to capt. Phelan;
New-York, Aug. 28, 1806. To capt. Rd. Phelan, of the brig Swift, STR.
For having under the blessing of God, rescued us from the wreck of the ship Rose-in-Bloom, on the 23d inst. we offer you our sincere thanks. When we were nearly exhausted by hunger, thirst, fatigue and cold, and clinging to the small part of the wreck, which was then not entirely under water, and without any prospect of possibly escaping from the watry grave into which we were fast descending, the appearance of your vessel resuscitated our drooping spirits, and made us consider you as destined by Heaven for our relief. Your altering your course, sending off your boats, and making great and prompt exertions to save us, excite emotions of gratitude in all of us which we will not attempt to describe. We request you would do us the favor of accepting, as a small compensation for your great and benevolent services, of one hundred guineas, and to be assured that we shall rejoice in any occasion which may hereafter occur of being useful to yourself, your mate, Mr. M C Fee, or any of the crew of your vessel. We sincerely wish you may have a safe passage to St. John's—that in your passage through life, you may not meet with any other gales than those of prosperity, and that you would do justice to the sentiments of infinite gratitude with which we are your obliged servants.
(Signed,)
R. M c Pherson, John Rutledge, D. Crooker, H. Turner, D. Booth, Jos. Davis, M. Brennan, Joseph W. Page, Lewis A. Petrov, N. Perry, Daniel Botseur.
To which he returned the following answer.
New-York, Aug. 28, 1806.
To the Signers of the foregoing. I accept, with strong emotions, the testimony you have presented me of the remembrance you preserve of my services in taking you off from the wreck. Not to have done what I did, would have been a cause of the severest and most lasting self-reproach; while the recollection of having been instrumental, under Providence, in saving so many valuable lives, will, I assure you, be one of the greatest sources of happiness to me during the remainder of my existence. Accept of my reciprocal good wishes. RICHARD PHELAN.
New-York, Aug. 29.
It is a painful and melancholy part of our duty to announce the loss of the ship Rose-in Bloom, captain Baker, on her passage from Charleston to this port. She upset in the storm on Sunday last, off Barnegat; and, of 48 persons who were on board her at the time of the accident, twenty-one perished—The survivors were taken off the wreck by the brig Swift of St. Johns, and arrived at this port yesterday.
The people preserved were:
Captain Stephen Barker Captain Oliver Champlin Hon. John Rutledge Miss Eliza Macpherson Mr. L. Petrov —M. Brennan —Joseph W. Page —B. Booth —D. Botseur —John Davis —H. Turner —N. Perry —D. Crooker.
Seamen.—Benjamin Brayton, W. Vann Eighteen, John W. Gibbs, Randal Cornell Lloyd B. Brut, John Hathaway, Wm. Dawson, Lewis Riley, James Quin, Thomas Conly, Wm. Cowan, Baptiste Hajardie, John Murray, and Henry Davis; the 3 last men of colour.
The following persons were lost:
Gen. Macpherson and Servant Mrs. Booth and Son Mr. Clark —James Miller, jun. —Thomas Tait Doctor Ballard and Servant Mr. Henry Bowering —Mr. Botseur's Servant —D. Crooker's Servant.
Stervage Passengers and Seamen—William Whitledge, John Forcha, D e M c Carty, Wm. Robinson, Charles Bryce, Fortuace Johnson, John Trusly, Adam Knot, and Harry Kid, the three last men of colour.
New-York, Aug. 29.
THE AMERICANS AT THE CARRACCAS. The destiny of those unfortunate men is no longer doubtful. Ten of them were executed on the 21st of July, and the remainder consigned to 10 years imprisonment.
A letter is now before us, written by one of the officers (to his friend in this city) the day before his execution, from which we are permitted to take the following extract:
"On the 28th of April, in sight of the Spanish Main, an engagement took place between the Leander and her Schrs. and a Spanish brig and schooner, of double our force. In the course of the day both our schooners were captured. We were carried into the port of Cavello, where we were loaded with irons, and confined in the castle. Some days afterwards, officers were sent from Carracas to take our examinations & confessions, which were transmitted to that place for trial; and this day we were brought out to receive our sentences. Out of 57 men, 47 were sentenced to 8 and 10 years imprisonment, and 10, of whom I am one, were doomed to the scaffold. We are to be executed at 6 o'clock to-morrow morning. Accept, my dear fellow, the last assurance of my sincere friendship."
New-York, Aug. 30.
REPORT OF PEACE.
Captain Peas, of the Schooner Olive Branch, was taken from the said Schooner on the 26th inst. and arrived here yesterday in the brig Lady Washington, from New Orleans. Captain P left St. Kitts on the 7th of this month, and informs us, that the day before he failed, a private hired Schooner arrived there from Barbadoes, with news of peace between Great Britain and France. This news was received at Barbadoes by a frigate which left England on the 14th of July; and on her arrival, the St. Christopher's frigate was dispatched to other islands with the news, & the Schooner which brought the intelligence failed immediately for Antigua and other British possessions. Captain Peas had letters on board for a number of merchants in this city and Canada, announcing this important intelligence; but which were lost with the Schooner.
Partial rejoicings took place at St. Kitts in consequence of this news.
Captain Dennison from St. Croix, informs us that a report of Peace having been concluded between Great Britain and France had reached there from Barbadoes; but that no credit was given to it.

Scheme of Lottery No. V.
FOR the encouragement of Literature, and for improving the Navigation between Troy and Waterford, and for other purposes.
  1 Price of D. 30,000 is D. 30,000   1 20,000 20,000   1 10,000 10,000   1 5,000 5,000   2 2,000 4,000   5 1,000 5,000   10 500 5,000   30 200 6,000   80 100 8,000   120 50 6,000   400 20 8,000   7100 10 71,000   4000 8 32,000 
11751 prizes, 23249 Blanks. 210,000
35000 tickets at 6 dollars each, is 210 00
Less than two blanks to a prize—subject to a deduction of 15 per cent. Prizes payable thirty days after the conclusion of the drawing. The first 4000 blanks will be entitled to 3 dollars each.
  1st drawn number 1st. day, whether blank or prize, D 10,000   1st 2,000   15th 1,000   20th 5,000   25th 1,000   30th 10,000   35th 1,000   40th 20,000   45th 1,000 
A company of gentlemen in the city of New York having contracted with the managers for the unlot tickets, the drawing will commence on the second Tuesday in December next, and will be continued at the rate of 400 tickets per day until completed, excepting the 1st day when there will remain 800 to be drawn.
Tickets in the above lottery will continue to be sold by the managers at the original price of 6 dollars each until the second Tuesday in September next, on which day all that remains unsold will be delivered to the contractors.
THOMAS STORM, DANIEL HALL, SOLOMAN SOUTHWICK, JOHN H. SICKLES, JOHN L. ROOMS } Managers. August 13—*
Pyroloimogia. FOR PUBLISHING BY SUBSCRIPTION, PYRROLOIMOGIA, Or, Inquiry into the PESTILENCE CALLED THE YELLOW FEVER.
CONTAINING the history of its symptoms and prevalence in different parts of the world; a comparative statement of all controverted respecting its origin, modes of propagation and treatment; with an attempt towards a new theory of the eedical phenomena and galvanic influence arising from terra-queous & pitrid exhalations, which explains the causes of pestilential diseases, their remedies and preventative.
By FELIX PASCHALS, M. D. Of New York, Formerly Physician and Member of the Board of Health in the State of Pennsylvania, Honorary Member of the Medical Societies of Philadelphia, and of Connecticut and Associate to other American and European Literary Institutions.
The author has been a medical practitioner in Philadelphia during seven epidemical occurrences of the Yellow Fever. To enlarge the sphere of his experimental observations on that interesting subject, he has lately travelled in the south of Spain, and also visited South Carolina, where that disease has by many been supposed to be endemic. With so many motives to trust to his opinions, the author wishes notwithstanding to be honored with the support of the learned in the U States, who have had so many more opportunities than those of Europe to exercise their judgment on a subject highly important to the welfare of this country—a country with which many European nations frequently interdict the intercourse of their subjects as if it were absolutely the abode of pestilence. Whatever claims the author may imagine he derives from his experience, he will, however, thankfully receive any documents contrary to the theory he proposes. He, therefore, respectfully solicits communications tending either to establish or to invalidate the truth of an Electrical and Galvanic influence, &c. as a cause of pestilential diseases. Such interesting papers on these subjects as he shall be favored with previously to the first of November next (post paid) will be gratefully acknowledged and duly noticed, unless otherwise requested.
CONDITIONS. This work shall be printed in a handsome style, on fine wove paper, and new type, as soon as a sufficient number of subscribers shall be obtained to defray the necessary expenses. It will be comprised in two volumes octavo, each volume containing more than 300 pages to be delivered to subscribers in boards at Five Dollars the set, or handsomely bound and lettered at Six Dollars. Subscriptions received at the Courier office No. 1. Broad Street, Charleston, Aug. 15—*
A FACT. I HOSE indebted to me must make immediate payment, as I am determined to close my books finally, and all accounts which are not settled in a very short time will be put in a way for collection. Finding it very unpleasant, and troublesome to make collections, that for the future I sell for CASH only, which will be much more to my satisfaction, and give me the pleasure to do business quick, and twenty per cent. lower than any person who sells on a credit. Shall have for sale a handsome assortment of seasonable, substantial and fashionable goods; and be giving the best prices Cash for tobacco in packed in this place. ROMULUS RIGGS, George Town, August 15—cp6w
THE SUBSCRIBER HAS just supplied his Shop in F Street with a complete assortment of fresh Medicines & Drugs , among which are Spermaceti & Limced oils—and Paints of every description. THOMAS PATTERSON, Washington city, June 23—tf
50 Dollars Reward. RANAWAY from the subscriber, on the night of the 13th inst. a negro woman named KIZZIAH, 24 years of age, about 5 feet 6 inches high, of a bright complexion; she took with her an only child, a boy named HANSON, about three years of age, well grown, and remarkable for a protuberance of his navel, her clothing not remembered. Whoever apprehends said negro and child, shall receive FIVE DOLLARS if taken within the district of Columbia, the above reward, if taken without the district, and ALL reasonable charges paid. ROBERT ALEXANDER, August 15—tf
FOR SALE, That valuable tract of Land belonging to the estate of the late Richard Henderson, lying in Prince George's county on the Eastern Branch of Potomac and nearly adjoining the town of Bladensburg containing about 500 acres—this land is well watered, lays level and is productive, from 15 to 20 acres is now in good timothy meadow, and a much larger quantity of rich marsh may be brought into this state, the wood land is thriving and abundant for the support of the farm. Its vicinity to the city of Washington & Georgetown and laying on tide water, makes it desirable estate. One fourth of the purchase money will be required in hand, the payment of the balance will be made easy. Mr. Joseph Wilson who lives on the land will show it to any person who may wish to view the same. JAMES LINGAN, JOHN HENDERSON, } Executors of R. Henderson. August 20—tawtf
A Gentleman of respectable literary acquirements, who a political principles are DEMOCRATIC, would receive the most liberal terms in conducting the editorial department of the Boston Courier and Democrat. B. PARKER, No. 16, Anne Street.
Republican editors will confer a particular favor by giving this notice a few insertions in their respective papers. August 20—
TEN DOLLARS REWARD. STRAYED or stolen about the 8th of July, Two PAY HORSES, one near fifteen hands high, good all round, six or seven years old, his tail bobbed, and I believe a small star, used to the draft—the other a bay with his hind feet and legs white, about fifteen hands high, 10 or 12 years old, short switch tail, his shoes had been taken off, being somewhat lame, has a white spot on one of his buttocks. The above reward will be given on their delivery to me. DANL. CARROLL of Duddn. Wm. 1. Broad Street.
TO RENT. THE STORE & DWELLING HOUSE now occupied by Dr. Patterson, next door to James Madison's, esq. Possession given the first day of April next—I will also rent the Wharf formerly belonging to Mr. Lewis Delbeis on the Eastern Branch, one square above the Navy Yard. Its situation for a Lumber, Coal, and Wood yard, is equal to any in the city of Washington—for terms apply to John Hewitt, esq. or to the subscriber near the Navy Yard. NI HOLA'S VOSS, City of Washington, March 14—2awtf
Sale of Valuable Property AT MY HOUSE. THE LAND which I have heretofore advertised and fully described I now again offer on the same terms to the highest bidder on Monday the 22nd of next month, together with a valuable woman qualified for either house or field work, a well grown boy and a lufly girl, both of whom are able to do good work, and three young girls. The woman to serve 10 years, the boy until he is 35, and the girls to 30 years of age. These negroes will be sold for cash or negotiable notes at 60 days. Also a variety of Household and kitchen furniture, plantation implements of husbandry, horned cattle, horses, sheep and hogs. For all sums of 30 dollars or under the cash must be paid. Above 30 dollars and not exceeding 50 dollars, a credit of 3 months will be given from 30 to 60 days, from 80 to 100, nine months, and for all above 100 dollars 12 months, all on security with interest from the date. The sale to commence at 11 o'clock and continue from day to day till completed. GEO: LEE, Charles County, Aug. 20—tad
Liberal Credit. THE subscriber will dispose of at private sale, his estate called Chichester, lying on the eastern branch, immediately opposite the city of Washington. This tract of land containing 697 acres is laid off in lots from 83 to 144 acres for the convenience of purchasers. Plats of the estate and the terms of sale are in the hands of colonel Hanson at the navy yard, and Charles Wayman of George Town. The lots will be shown by Mr. Wedden, living on the premises, near the Eastern Branch bridge. ANTHONY ADDISON, Barnaby, 12th June 1805—tf WASHINGTON CITY.
THE Subscriber takes this method to inform the public, that he has enlarged his tavern considerably for the accommodation of Travellers and Boarders; his stand being on F Street, opposite the Bank and very near the public offices. He flatters himself from the advantage of his situation and the reasonableness of his charges, with the strict attention to business, to give general satisfaction. THOMAS THORPE, June 20—wtf
STELLE'S HOTEL & CITY TAVERN. THE Subscriber takes this method of thanking his friends and the public for their favors whilst on the Capitol Square and begs leave to acquaint them that he has taken the Spacious Hotel lately erected by Mr. Carroll, near the Capitol. The hotel being above one hundred feet in front, and containing fifty rooms enables the subscriber to offer every accommodation to members of Congress and travellers which can be expected in a public house. PONTIUS D. STELLE, Washington City, March 25—tf N. B.—P. D. S. will rent the house lately occupied by him on the adjoining square
FOR SALE, AT Bath (Berkeley Springs) Virginia, a HOUSE & LOT thereto belonging (late the property of Thomas Palmer, deceased.) The premises are calculated for a genteel family, or would make an excellent Boarding house, having thereon a smoke house, coach house and stables, with a garden laid out with much taste and inclosed with a good stone fence. Also near the town, are for sale, SEVEN acres of LAND, inclosed with a stone wall. The whole will be sold very low, or exchanged for property in or near any of the large towns or cities. Apply to John Davidson, Washington city, or to Wm. Alexander, esq. Bath, aforesaid. Note—If not sold, it will be let for the season. April 16—tf
50 DOLLARS REWARD. STOLEN out of the subscriber's pasture in Loudoun county in the night of the 26th June, a bright BAY MARE with a bald face, the left hind foot white, the right hip a little lower than the other, a mark like a foam down the hoof of the right hind foot, and it is different in shape from the other; about 15 hands and 1 1/2 high, three years old last spring, a natural trotter, had on when she was taken three shoes. Whoever will apprehend the thief and secure the mare so that the owner may get her again and the felon brought to conviction, shall have the above reward or for the mare only twenty-five dollars and all reasonable charges. WILLIAM NICHOLS, Loudoun county, Vir. July 11—3am
CHARLES H. VARDEN, Merchant Taylor. NEW JERSEY Avenue, near the Capitol. RESPECTFULLY informs the gentlemen of the district of Columbia, that he has received by late arrivals at Philadelphia, from London, a fresh supply of the best superfine cloths, cassimeres, &c. with a choice assortment of plain nankeens, cotton cassimeres, India nankeens, blue and yellow, fashionable Trefalgar white and fancy Mercielles, with a variety of other articles suitable for the summer. N. B. Ladies habits, regimentals and navy uniforms made in the first style of fashion. Richard Harvells new invented patent elastic garters, which are far superior to any heretofore in use can be had on the same terms as at his manufactory. June 23—tf
Treasury Department of the United States, June 21, 1806.
WHEREAS the commissioners of the Sinking Fund, at a meeting held on the 28th day of June, 1806, did resolve, that the sum remaining to complete the expenditure of the annual appropriation of eight MILLIONS of DOLLARS, should among other purposes be applied to the reimbursement of the navy six per cent. stock, created in pursuance of an act of Congress passed on the 30th day June, 1798 and to the reimbursement of the five and half per cent. stock, created in pursuance of an act of Congress, passed on the 3rd day of March, 1795.
It is therefore to give notice, that the principal of the said navy six per cent. stock, with the interest due thereon, will on the return of the certificates, be paid on the 1st day of October, next ensuing the date hereof, to the respective flockholders or their lawful representatives or attorneys duly constituted and authorized.
It is further made known, for the information of the parties concerned, that no transfer of the navy six per cent. stock, either from or to the books of the treasury, or from or to the books of a Commissioner of Loans, will be allowed after the 1st day of September ensuing, nor of the five and half per cent. stock, after the 1st day of December ensuing. And the interest on all certificates of said stocks, which shall not have been surrendered, in pursuance of this notification, will cease and determine, on the day preceding the day hereby fixed for the reimbursement thereof. ALBERT GALLATIN, Secretary of the Treasury. June 23—tf
ELIAS B. CALDWELL, ATTORNEY AT LAW, HAS removed his Office, to the house lately occupied by Mr. LAW, on Capitol Hill. Washington, July 26—tf
TO RENT. THE COMMODOIOUS BRICK STORE near the CAPITOL, now in the occupation of Messrs. P. HEALY & Co. Possession to be given on the 1st of May. Enquire of Frederick May. March 28—tf
PROPOSALS FOR PUBLISHING A Geographical Description OF ALL THE STATES & TERRITORIES IN THE UNION, In separate volumes; with a particular and correct description of the several counties and towns, in each state. Illustrated with Maps, By JOSEPH SCOTT, Author of the United States' Gazetteer, the Modern Geographical Dictionary in 4 vol. oct. a Geographical Dictionary of the United States of North America, &c. &c.
THE geographical description of each of the larger states, with the counties, towns, &c. will form a neat little volume of about 150 pages. Two of the smaller states may form a volume, or one of them may be combined in the same volume with a larger adjoining state, as Maryland and Delaware. Each volume will be complete in itself; so that subscribers may take one, two, &c. or the whole number. The paper, type, and size of the pages, will exactly correspond with the description of Pennsylvania, now published; so that subscribers for the whole may have two or more bound together to suit their own taste. They will be published neatly done up in boards. The description of each state will be embellished with a handsome map. It is supposed that the whole will amount to about FORTY-EIGHT LITTLE VOLUMES. A general description of the United States will be given in the last, which will render the whole the fullest, and most correct geographical description of the United States, that has hitherto been published. The plan, which the author has adopted, is the most comprehensive that could be suggested, as it will comprise under proper, and distinct heads, everything worthy of notice. No money will be required till on the delivery of the work. The Price of each Volume will be Fifty Cents.
The next volume will contain, A Geographical description of MARYLAND and DELAWARE, illustrated with a Map of each state. The work is nearly ready for the press, and will soon be published. The Editors of newspapers, in Maryland, are requested to insert the above proposals twice. They will be paid on the publication of the work. August 10—
JUST PUBLISHED, AND FOR SALE, At Mr. Morford's and Bailey and Wallace's Book Stores, Broad-Street, and at the Courier Office. PRICE, 18 1/4 CENTS; A pamphlet on the importance of cultivating the BOURBON COTTON, by the Agricultural Society of the Bahama Islands.
The very great importance of this pamphlet to the Planters of this state, and every other cotton country, has induced its publication. It consists of copious extracts of letters from Cotton Planters of the different islands; and the amount of their general evidence is that the Bourbon Cotton is decidedly preferable to the anguilla or Georgia Cotton; that it is of quick growth and produces earlier than the common cotton; that it yields about 150 lb. of clear cotton to the acre; but the greatest advantage is, that it is secure from the ravage of the caterpillar, which so often blasts the hopes of our planters. This subject is deserving the attention of our planters, and this pamphlet is recommended to their examination as the probable means of increasing the value of their crops. Charleston, S. C. Aug. 15—*
60 DOLLARS REWARD.
RANAWAY from the subscriber living in Prince George's county on Sunday the 29th inst. the three following slaves—a mulatto young man who calls himself BILL STEWART, he was born at Montgomery court house, was once the property of Honore Martin, was purchased of him by the late Rich. Contee who sold him to me; he is a likely well made fellow about 21 years of age, 5 feet 10 inches high, his hands and feet are large; the evening before he absconded he had his hair cut close; he had with him a variety of clothing, viz. 1 blue coat and overalls one light colored beaver hat and overalls, 2 swandown waistcoats, 3 fine linen shirts and some coarse shirts, three mull neckcloths, a fine hat, price 7 dollars; he took away a prayer book in the first page of which is written Mary Duckett.
JOE who calls himself Joe Grimes, alias Graham, and HARRY, both young negro men about 21 years of age—the clothing of these cannot be described. Joe has one of his arms broken near the wrist, which makes it longer than the other; when he is spoken to he speaks fast as if his tongue was too large for his mouth. Harry, I am informed, has several large scars on his body and one of his thighs occasioned by bars when he was young. The above reward will be paid for confining the three in jail, or 50 dollars for confining Bill in jail so that I get him again. WALTER BOWIE, July 7—2awtf
Valuable Property For Sale.
THE Subscriber offers for sale a number of valuable heights convenient to the city of Washington about 1 1/2 miles from the President's House and near the same distance from the Capitol, and command a handsome view of the city, river Potomac, and Alexandria. Lot No. 1. contains 60 acres; No. 2. contains 42 acres; No. 3. contains 102 acres; No. 4. contains 49 acres; Likewise a lot lying between John Taylor and Dr. Worthington, containing from 80 to 100 acres. All of lots will be sold together or apart as may suit purchasers. Terms may be known by applying to James Wite or Rev. John Breckenridge near the property. Jan. 24—wtf
CHASE'S TRIAL. This day is Published By SAMUEL H. SMITH. TRIAL OF SAMUEL CHASE, An ASSOCIATE JUSTICE of the Supreme Court of the United States, IMPEACHED By the House of Representatives, for HIGH CRIMES AND MISDEMEANORS, before the Senate of the United States. Taken in short hand, By SAMUEL H. SMITH & THOMAS LLOYD.
In Two large Octavo Volumes—In Boards, price—10 subscribers font dollars and a half—and to non-subscribers five dollars. A much greater delay has been incurred in the publication of this trial than the Editor contemplated. He has, however, the satisfaction of laying that no effort has been omitted by him to give it to the public at an earlier period. The delay has arisen from the revision of the speeches of the Managers and Counsel. The publication might long have been made in a less perfect dress; but it was deemed highly desirable that in a case, which, independently of its own importance, might be a precedent in future times, to sacrifice time rather than precision. The work now appears before the public with the expectation of the Editor that it will be considered as meriting the character of an impartial, comprehensive and faithful statement of facts. All the speeches have been revised, and interwoven at length, in connection with whatever else formed a part of the trial. Editors of other prints will confer a benefit by inserting this advertisement a few times in their papers.
BY ORDER OF THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES, General Post Office, August, 15th 1806.
PROPOSALS will be received at this Office until the 13th day of December next inclusive, for making and repairing the several parts of the Post Road from Nashville to Natchez, hereinafter mentioned—that is to say:
 No. 1. From Nashville to Buffalo Creek. The distance is estimated at 154 miles—All this distance, or the principal part of it, the road has been cut out by the military & prepared ed conveniently for use some few years since.  No. 2. From Snake Creek to Grindersford. Distance estimated at 40 miles. This part of the route, was likewise, some years since, cut out by the military and the road prepared for public use.  The route marked out some years since by Edmund P. Gaines, esq. will be pursued the whole distance excepting the space between the Chickasaw towns and the first fording of the waters of the Big Black which will be rewarveyed, with a view of materially lessening the distance.  The road is to be made and completed by the first day of October in the year 1807, and the work is, in all respects, to be done to the approbation of Return Jonathan Meigs, esq. or Thomas Wright, esq. agent for the United States, residing in the Indian countries. In making the same the following rules are strictly to be observed.  1st. The road must be made at least twenty feet wide, and all the timber and under brush taken off for that distance.  2nd. All marshy places are to be causewayed, and all causeways are to be at least ten feet wide.  3rd. All streams under forty feet in width, not fordable at their common winter tide, are to be bridged, by good secure bridges, well built and made safe and secure for passage, the bridges to be at least twenty feet wide.  4th. A tree shall be laid across all larger streams where the breadth of the stream does not exceed the length of any tree, to be found within half a mile of the place. 
GIDEON GRANGER, Postmaster-general, August 18—w6w The printers employed by the General Post Office are requested to insert this weekly at the next six weeks.
Strayed or Stolen from the residence of Mrs. CATHARINE DIGGES, some time since a sorrel HORSE, about five years old, either a Bar or Small blaze in his forehead, not positively recollected which, & some of his legs white—he has a mark on the left side of his neck, as if formerly he had been shot with a bullet—he is wild and difficult to be taken. I have heard of such a horse being seen in the neighborhood of Mr. Taylor's farm near this city. EIGHT DOLLARS reward will be given to any person who will bring the abovenamed horse to the subscriber. ROBERT BRENN, City of Washington, August 8—w6t
AN EDITOR WANTED FOR THE REGISTER.
THE SALEM REGISTER having been supported in its Editorial department at by the voluntary assistance of its friends, since the decease of its late Editor, (Mr. Carlton) the proprietors are desirous of obtaining an editor to conduct the same in future. Proposals may be made at this office any time prior to the 1st of October next. Salem. August 27—
FOR SALE. THE HOUSE & LOT now occupied by Mr. George Southerland, on North G Street near the War Office: it is now rented for 175 dollars per annum. The terms of sale will be moderate and accommodating. Apply to T. H. GILLISS, Washington city, Aug. 15—w4t