The national intelligencer and Washington advertiser. (Washington City [D.C.]), 1807-11-25 00:00:00

National Intelligencer.
WASHINGTON ADVERTISER.
VOL. VIII.
WASHINGTON CITY, PRINTED BY SAMUEL HARRISON SMITH, PENNSYLVANIA AVENUE.
NO. 1110.
FIVE DOLLARS PER ANNUM,
WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 25, 1807.
PAID IN ADVANCE.
MALTHUS ON POPULATION.
PROPOSALS, FOR PUBLISHING BY SUBSCRIPTION, BY J. MILLIGAN, BOOKSELLER OF GEORGETOWN (From the first London edition)
AN ESSAY on the PRINCIPLE OF POPULATION; Or a view of its past and present effects on Human Happiness; with an Enquiry into our prospects respecting the future removal or mitigation of the evils which it occasions.
BY T. R. MALTHUS, A. M. Late Fellow of Jesus College, Cambridge.
IN TWO VOLUMES.
CONDITIONS.
The first American edition of Malthus on Population will be comprised in two volumes, octavo, page for page with the London copy. It shall be printed on a handsome woven paper and a new type; each volume will contain about 560 pages.
The price to subscribers, in boards, for each volume, will be two dollars; handsomely bound and lettered, Two Dollars and Fifty Cents. To non-subscribers the price will be Two Dollars and Fifty Cents, in boards, for each volume; and Three Dollars bound and lettered.
Subscriptions for the above work are received by R. C. WEIGHTMAN, city of Washington, and by the principal Booksellers in the United States.
Extract from the Rainbow, a periodical publication printed at Richmond, Virginia.
"The writer of this Essay, performs what he feels to be in the most emphatic sense of the term, a social duty, when on this subject he recommends to such of his readers as may not have been fortunate enough to peruse "Essay on Population," by Malthus. From the perusal of this great work, he has derived more original and valuable information, on the most important subject that can exercise superior genius, or attract the attention of an enlightened people, than from any other book, or from all the other books he has ever read. It is equally calculated to correct the gross prejudices of mere common sense, and dissipate the splendid illusions of fanciful speculation respecting the immutable condition of man on earth, the productive causes and proper correctives of human misery and vice, and the future prospects of social improvement. To many of his readers this note may probably appear to be superfluous, and perhaps impertinent. Presumably a work of such inestimable value and celebrity must be already in the hands of every man who aspires to discharge the functions of an editor, legislator or instructor in Virginia."
J. March's bookshop, Georgetown, Columbia, November 25—
MIDDLEBURG GRAMMAR SCHOOL.
THE subscriber, who for some time past has had the care of the above school, informs the public that he has removed it to his farm near Middleburg, where he will, as heretofore, teach the languages, and the more useful branches of the Mathematics. His experience as a teacher, having acted in that capacity for more than 20 years, and his determination to pay the utmost attention to the improvement and morals of his pupils; in connexion with the local advantages of the school justify him in hoping for a considerable share of public patronage.
WILLIAM WILLIAMSON, V.D.M. Green Hill near Middleburg, Loudoun county, Virginia, November 23—
FOR SALE—Lot No. 15 in square 277 of Washington city—this lot is bounded on the North by North Street, on the West by West 10th street, and contains a very convenient Two Story house, but a very few steps distant from Caffrey's Spring—an indisputable title will be given. Those who wish to purchase may apply for the terms to Thomas Patterson in Washington city or to the subscriber in Berkeley county Virginia.
ALEXANDER PORTERFIELD. Virginia, November 23—
SALE BY AUCTION.
MRS. SOMERVILLE not having procured Boarders, intends selling a part of her HOUSEHOLD FURNITURE, on Saturday the 28th inst. at 11 o'clock in the forenoon, consisting of Bedsteads, Bedding, Tables, Chairs, &c. &c. A credit of 60 days will be given for all sums above 20 dollars, the purchasers giving negotiable paper with approved endorsers.
S. SPEAKE, Auctioneer. N.B. will be RENTED to a Private Family 3 or 4 rooms with a Kitchen and Garden, next door to the Office of the National Intelligencer, on moderate terms. Enquire of
DAVID SOMERVILLE. Nov. 23—24.
CONGRESS.
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES.
Debate on the bill for erecting a bridge over the river Potomac.
WEDNESDAY, Nov. 11.
MR. KEY. The honorable member from Virginia, the friend and patron of the bridge contemplated to be erected over the tide water of the Potomac, has said that he would not have addressed the committee but for the purpose of operating conviction on the minds of the new members. I am among the number of those and have heard him with pleasure, but yet remain to be convinced of the propriety of the measure—I have heard nothing to satisfy my mind that Congress are competent, to legislate on the subject, & if competent, that there is any imperious public necessity which at this time demands the erection of the bridge, at the expence of the agricultural interest that borders on the Potomac and its tributary streams.
The state, of which I am a citizen, feels so deep an interest to repeal this measure, that an unanimous vote of both branches of the Legislature passed at the last session of assembly, to instruct their Senators in Congress to vote against it—and the district which I have the honor to represent, watered by the Potomac & the Monocacy, feels deeply interested in the issue of this question—supported by interests of such weight and respectability, and of a nature that this committee will never disregard, I will endeavor to examine, whether Congress have power to pass this law, and if even they possess the power, whether the exercise of it at this time is demanded by motives of public policy?
The clause of the constitution of the United States which authorised Congress to accept a district not exceeding ten miles square for the purpose of exclusive legislation, originated from causes well known to the honorable members of this committee—when the convention was framing the constitution, the protection and security of the future seat of government and Legislature of the Union, and the departments surrounding them, were objects of primary importance. Past experience had taught them in a well remembered event, how dangerous their situation was, in the heart of a state incompetent to their protection; and it was within the range of probability, that in the progress of future legislation the states surrounding the seat of government might be hostile to all its operations—To avoid a repetition of past insult, to guard against future accident, and to create self-protection and security, were the causes that led the convention to possess the Legislature of the United States of exclusive legislation over the ten miles square, within which their permanent residence was to be placed.—The cession by the state of Virginia on one side of the Potomac, and by Maryland on the other, with the acceptance thereof by the President, consummated the objects contemplated by the constitution. Comparing these instruments together, the constitution of the United States, the cession and acceptance, and having a steady eye to their object and policy, can we discern anything like a power to enable Congress to do any act that should impede or injure the navigation of the river, to the irreparable injury of the immense and fertile upper country dependant on its waters? For my part I can see no such power growing out of the object and intention of those instruments—Nay, Mr. Chairman, I advance a stronger position, it was not within the ordinary powers of legislation of the states of Virginia and Maryland to give to Congress such rights to the injury of their own citizens.—By the charter of Maryland the whole bed of the Potomac river, in its whole extent, was given to the Calvert family, saving and reserving to all the subjects of the (then) crown of England the free and undisturbed use of its navigable waters.—It has never been conceived from the earliest settlement of Maryland that any part of a navigable river was the subject of grant, capable of destruction, or being impaired by law. Like the ocean and the air, it was common and free to all, not only from principles of natural law, but from express grant and stipulation. These principles have been solemnly recognized by the states of
Virginia and Maryland by their compact, deliberately entered into, each guaranteeing the free and undisturbed enjoyment of the Potomac to its citizens. It never was conceived, that this solemn stipulation was impaired by a cession of the territory to Congress—Such a construction would be a violation of all good faith and moral conduct to the citizens, holders of lands on the waters or drafts of the river; for this right of free navigation the upper landholders had paid a valuable consideration—Land is higher from its contiguity to water and easy access to market; and this facility of carrying produce to market, by enhancing the value of the land, is a component part of its price in all contracts for it; and to be deprived of this benefit is as essential an injury, as if part of the land itself was taken away. I contend that Maryland could not deprive her citizens of this right without a compensation; that the eternal principles of justice oppose it; the fundamental maxims of a republic oppose it; and not having the right she could not by the act of cession surrender it to the government of the U. States. It is however contended that this question is settled by a decision of Congress in passing a law for the erection of a causeway to Mason's island—but to this a satisfactory answer may be readily given; that act was to improve the navigation of the river, and it never can be seriously urged, that a power to improve includes the right to destroy. Two channels had been formed, which by dividing the water, lessened the quantity passing through the older channel. The act authorised the filling or stopping up one, to restore the whole river to its original bed, and thus deepen and place it in its pristine state. The argument urged against me proves too much, for if you could not stop up a channel formed in the last 20 years past by one extraordinary flood, accompanied by an immense mass of ice, and restore the ancient bed and channel, you would be equally prohibited from removing a sunken tree or any other obstruction injurious to navigation, a doctrine too absurd to be supported. Suppose any extraordinary event should force the Potomac through the Tiber into the city and Eastern Branch, could no step be taken to stop the torrent, and place it in its original situation? I hold it most clear that it might—a right to use does not imply a right to abuse, nor does the power of improving in any manner include a right of destroying the subject susceptible of improvement—on these principles the act for the causeway was a proper, legal, justifiable act, and in no manner resembling the present object of erecting a bridge over the whole river below tide water.
If my reasoning excites a doubt in the minds of this committee they will reject this bill; but if I am mistaken, if the right is clearly vested in Congress, then I ask where is the imperious public necessity that demands this measure? Does it arise from the overgrown population of this city? Alas, sir, its silent streets and scattered houses demonstrate the contrary. It trembles to its base, and needs the fostering hand of government, soon I ardently hope to be given to it. Does this imperious public necessity result from the commercial intercourse between the city and Alexandria? No, sir—The little that exists is borne on its proper element, the water, and would never pass this bridge. Does this imperious necessity proceed from the fertility and produce of the surrounding country? No, sir, our fertile lands are on the margin of the river which floats their produce to either market, and the hills and surrounding country exhibit a strong picture of poverty and health. Where does the fertility of the honorable gentleman's mind find this imperious necessity for a bridge? 1st. In a few bank directors coming to this city from Alexandria to obtain discounts? 2d. In the convenience of summoning jurors from one side to the other, which, by the bye can never happen, the different sides of the river being governed by different laws and courts. When such causes are assigned for such an object, and in some of which the honorable gentleman has been so greatly mistaken, weak indeed must the case be; but far different in reality are the motives which lead to the erection of this bridge. I wish prosperity to the whole of this district, but never can consent to build up
one part on the ruins of another.
But it is said the southern mail is often delayed. True, sir, but the causes most frequently exist on the other side of Alexandria, where miserable bridges, if any, are erected over streams that suddenly swell to torrents, and occasion obstructions to the mail. The operations of government go on well, and without complaint which would certainly exist if any serious cause existed. Again, sir, it is said, that the road to Alexandria would be shortened by this bridge. True, sir, but are all our post roads straight? Is it ascertained where the southern post road is to go? And is it no object to direct a road to call at a town of importance?
George Town receives down the Potomac, and exports a considerable quantity of tobacco, and near 100,000 barrels of flour annually. Must a town, rapidly rising in capital and consequence, be struck from the post road? Why this injury to George Town alone? Why are not all other towns excluded from the post road because not in a direct line from point to point? And why, sir, I demand is the post road in its great southern direction turned to the left to gratify Alexandria? The principal object of post roads is to facilitate the connection between commercial towns, and George Town is not to be sacrificed that Alexandria may receive a mail 30 minutes sooner?
I hope and trust, from the reasons yet assigned, that this committee will never agree to pass this bill.
The honorable gentleman from Virginia, in the zeal of argument has said, the erection of this bridge is a benefit to Georgetown and the upper country of Potomac. We thank him for the intended boon, but we are in the habits of judging of what promotes our own interests, and must decline the intended favor. That it will be an injury to Georgetown, no man can seriously doubt. Does not the value of property in a town depend much on public opinion; and does not the sentiment unanimously expressed against this bridge as a prejudicial measure give decisive proof of what will be the consequence? Does not the sensibility of Georgetown attest the people's fears? Pass the bill and their property will fall 20 per cent. What monied capitalist will settle in a town, where so general a sentiment prevails so injurious to its interests?
Is not Georgetown destined by nature to become the great depository of the immense produce of an extensive and fertile country? Is not the Potomac to become the connecting link with the Western Waters? And will it not, at no distant day, bear on its bosom a great portion of the wealth of the Western World? Does it not already furnish 100,000 barrels of flour, a thousand of Whiskey, a considerable quantity of tobacco, and in the future improvement and settlement of our country, in a state of advanced population, and as I anxiously hope, a great metropolis here, have we not every reason to believe, unless paralysed by this measure, that Georgetown is destined to be a place of immense commercial consequence? And shall we thus injudiciously blast its future hopes?
A few observations as to the upper country, connected with the Potomac. If public sentiment lessens the value of property in Georgetown, will not its capital be lessened? And does not the diminution of its capital injure it as a market? And will not this seriously affect the landed interest above? Can any axiom be more clear than that all the cost, commission and expences of carrying an article to a foreign market, falls on the farmer who makes it; the more delays, and the greater difficulty, the more is the injury—a boat of 100 barrels of flour navigated by 5 hands is at the expence of six dollars per day. If no market is at Georgetown, and the boat proceeds to Alexandria, it occupies a day to go, and a day to return—here 12 dollars expence ensues to store it or place it on board a ship at Alexandria. This increased expence will be entirely saved the owner, if it is stored or shipped at Georgetown; of all labor saving machines a ship is one of the greatest, and if loaded at Georgetown will carry 500 barrels to Alexandria at an expence that will carry 500 barrels in boats. If the effect of the portage is to destroy the navigation to George-
town, this increased expence of the portage to market falls entirely on the farmer, for he can only obtain the price of the article, after deducting the labor and expence of carrying it to market; and this expence is greatly increased if the produce be taken by land. The agriculturalist of the upper country will have his produce diminished in value by this bridge, if it occasions an obstruction in the approach by water to the natural market at Georgetown—it operates as an internal tax on the farmer to support the monied speculator in bridges. My district feels this with sensibility; because to a large portion of it, Georgetown is the principal, nay the only market. That the erection of the bridge will have this effect, Mr. Chairman, I cannot doubt. This bridge is proposed to be on piles, near a mile in length, with a draw 30 feet wide. In rivers not liable to excessive freshes, where a steady tide ebbs and flows, vessels may without great delay, pass draws; but to him who knows the extent of the Potomac, the immense streams that feed it, and the mountains that furnish its sources, it must be obvious that such a bridge and draw can never answer. There is no regular, steady tide of strength to carry a vessel through the draw, and unless the wind is directly fair, great delay and consequent expence must ensue. North West winds, against which a vessel may beat up in a channel of 250 yards, will prevent her approach to the draw—the freshes in the river, which bring the boats down to market will propel the tide below the bridge, and in that event no access can be had against the current to the draw, and the delay and expences will soon force commerce to a more convenient port.
Is it not doubtful whether any bridge can stand the immense volume of water, which rising at times 40 feet above its natural bed, charged with immense masses of ice, shall precipitate itself against the piers? Is it not certain that these piers will accumulate masses of mud which will inevitably destroy the channel in process of time. Violent rains on cultivated fields bear away such portions of earth in every stream to the Potomac, as make it in all freshes excessively turbid and muddy—the velocity of the river, till it passes below Mason's Island, holds in suspension the finer particles of earth, but the river then suddenly becoming wider, the velocity is diminished in proportion to its expansion, and an immediate deposition takes place, which will be greatly increased by every obstacle retarding the stream, and of course quickening the precipitation of the sand, mud and sediment. Sand bars are all formed at the mouths of great rivers which penetrate far into a mountainous country by an unceasing law of nature, the gravitation of matter; for the force of the current diminished by whatever cause, such as meeting with and opposing the tide below, a greater superficial expansion, or a bridge, the deposition of the matter held in suspension by the momentum of the current begins—sand being of a more specific gravity first precipitates itself, thus bars are formed, and as the river becomes more quiescent, the fine particles of the earth in the form of mud deposit themselves, making islands and adding to the soil by alluvion. In this case all these causes will combine to destroy the navigation. Every fresh of this immense river, charged from the mountains and its cultivated banks with a vast portion of feculent matter, propels the opposing tide to near the spot contemplated for the bridge; there the conflict of the current and tide ceasing, produces a quiescent state, favorable to immediate deposition, which is further accelerated by the sudden expansion of the river just above, and will be completely effected below, if this bridge should be erected with a number of piers at every 30 feet over for a mile in extent. The imperishable laws of matter fix the destiny of Georgetown, and the destruction of the navigation of the river, if this law passes.
I can only add that whenever the public exigency shall imperiously demand a sacrifice of private rights, those whom I represent will cheerfully bear the privation, but until some absolutely certain, manifest, public good, shall so require, they have confidence that the wisdom of this House will never exact it.

Mr. Nelson would not delay the rising of the committee; but the gentleman from Virginia had mentioned as one reason why the bill should pass, that there were two banks on this side and two on the other side of the river. To Mr. N. the multiplication of corporations was one of the most alarming evils; there were already in this district of ten miles square four corporations and now it was proposed to raise another. What would be the situation of the agricultural people of the U. S. if every monied man was a member of some corporation? In the state of Maryland, from the influence of banks, turnpike companies, &c. every man became a slave to some corporation or other. The proposed corporation might receive 10 or 15 per cent. on their stock, out of the pockets of the poor people. Would the House countenance a measure of this kind, which would give so much influence to monied men? He hoped they would not.
Mr. Smith said, when the committee considered that a large portion of the inhabitants of Georgetown conceived that their rights would be injured by the proposed measure, and wished for a fair discussion, they would think with him that the committee should rise and have time allowed them to consider it.
The committee then rose and obtained leave to sit again.
Debate on the Report of the committee of Elections, on the contested election of Wm. McCreery.
THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 12. In committee of the whole, Mr. Bassett, in the chair, the question being on concurrence with the report. The report of the committee of Elections is as follows: REPORT. THE Committee of Elections, to whom was committed the petition of Joshua Barney, of the city of Baltimore, praying to be admitted to a seat in the House, he having, in his opinion, the highest number of votes given to a candidate legally qualified to represent the said city of Baltimore, having carefully examined the facts stated on both sides, and compared the laws of Maryland, under which the said election was held, with the constitution of the U. States.
REPORT. That by an act of the assembly of Maryland, passed in November, 1730, it is required, that the member shall be an inhabitant of his district at the time of his election, and shall have resided therein twelve calendar months immediately before.
By another act of the assembly of Maryland, passed in November, 1802, it is enacted, that Baltimore town and county shall be the fifth district, which district shall be entitled to send two representatives to Congress, one of which shall be a resident of Baltimore county, and the other a resident of Baltimore city.
That Joshua Barney is a citizen of Maryland, and has been a resident of the city of Baltimore for many years. That William McCreery has been, for many years, a citizen of Maryland, and a resident of the city of Baltimore; but that, in the year 1803, he removed himself and his family to his estate in Baltimore county; that from that time, though he himself has occasionally resided in Baltimore, yet he, with his wife and family, have not made the city of Baltimore their settled residence.
That William McCreery states, that his intention was, and still is, to reside with his family on his country estate in summer, and in the city of Baltimore in winter; but that ever since he removed his family to his farm, he has been obliged every winter in the public service, to reside, and frequently with his family, in the city of Washington, which prevented him from removing his family agreeably to his intention, to the city of Baltimore; but he resided himself, in the city of Baltimore five or six days before the election; that he and his family were residing in the same situation, when he was elected to serve in the ninth Congress, that they were when he was elected into the present Congress; that, however, not wishing to have been taken up as a candidate at the last election, he expressed to some of his friends some apprehensions that apprehensions might be made on account of his constant family residence not being in the city of Baltimore.
At the election in that district for the Congress now in session, Nicholas H. Moore had 6,164 votes; he is a resident in Baltimore county; & William McCreery, against whose right a seat in this House objection is made on account of residence, had 3,352 votes; and Joshua Barney, who claims a seat in this House, and is admitted a resident in Baltimore city, had 2,053 votes; and John Scott,
also, a resident in Baltimore city, had 353 votes. The above statement of facts being admitted by the parties, further evidence was not required. No question was taken on the legal residence of William McCreery in the city of Baltimore.
The committee proceeded to examine the constitution with relation to the case submitted to them, and find that the qualifications of members is therein determined, without reserving any authority to the state legislature to change, add or diminish those qualifications; and that, by that instrument, Congress is constituted the sole judge of the qualifications prescribed by it, and are obliged to decide agreeably to the constitutional rules; but the state legislatures being by the constitution authorized to prescribe the times, place and manner of holding elections, in controversies arising under this authority, Congress are obliged to decide agreeably to the laws of the respective states.
On the most mature consideration of the case submitted to them, the committee are of opinion, that William McCreery is duly qualified to represent the fifth district of the state of Maryland, and that the law of that state restricting the residence of the members of Congress to any particular part of the district for which they may be chosen, is contrary to the constitution of the U. States:
Therefore, Resolved, That William McCreery is entitled to his seat in this House.
Mr. Findley said, that being chairman of the committee of Elections, it became his duty to explain the principles by which that committee were governed in making the report, but being apprehensive that he could not make himself extensively heard, he would not detain the committee long. The committee of Elections considered the qualifications of members to have been unalterably determined by the federal convention, unless changed by an authority equal to that which framed the constitution at first; that neither the state nor the federal legislatures are vested with authority to add to those qualifications, so as to change them. That the state legislatures cannot prescribe the qualifications of their own members as evident, it is believed, from their respective constitutions, and that they are authorised to judge of the qualifications of their own members by their own constitutional rules only, and of the election of their members by their respective election laws, must be admitted. Congress by the federal constitution are not authorised to prescribe the qualifications of their own members, but they are authorised to judge of their qualifications; in doing so, however, they must be governed by the rules prescribed by the federal constitution, and by them only. These are the principles on which the Election Committee have made up their report, and upon which their resolution is founded.
A state of facts is fairly given, no witnesses were introduced, nor corrupt abuses in conducting the election alleged. The claim of the petitioner was solely founded on the laws of Maryland, and on the allegation that the sitting member was not qualified agreeable to these laws, that though he resided in the district for which he was elected, yet he did not reside in that part of it which the law of Maryland had prescribed in addition to the qualifications prescribed by the constitution of the United States. It will be observed by the report itself that the committee did not decide on the allegations for or against the sitting member's legal residence in the city of Baltimore, but upon his constitutional qualifications and the majority of legal votes. On all the facts stated in the report however, the parties themselves were agreed, not only in stating the case, but on the final revision of the report.
The committee however submitted the question and took the vote on the case only as it related to the fifth district of the state of Maryland, viz. Baltimore City and county, which were by the law of Maryland entitled to send two members, one of which was to have resided in the city, and the other in the county, 12 months immediately preceding the election. Mr. McCreery, the sitting member, as he stated, and which was admitted, had removed his family to his country seat for their summer residence, with intention to have returned to the city in winter; but having every winter to reside at the city of Washington as a member of Congress, where he frequently brought his family, prevented him from residing in the city of Baltimore in the winter.
It appeared to the committee, that if the state legislature had a right to prescribe in what part of the same district and for what length of time each of the representatives should reside, they had also a right to prescribe in
what street or what house of a street they must reside, and for what length of time. Having thus far endeavored to explain the principles by which the committee were governed in making their report, on which no doubt other members of the committee will give further information, or support such as I have given, I will proceed to other circumstances.
It is proper to inform the committee of the whole House, that the committee of Elections were not unanimous in these sentiments. The minority advocated the right of the state legislature to prescribe additional qualifications to the members from the respective states, that the qualifications prescribed by the federal constitution were only of a negative or restraining nature, viz. to enable Congress to consider such members as had not resided seven years in the U. States, who were not 25 years of age at the time of their election, and inhabitants of the state for which they are elected, as disqualified, but not to be considered as restraining the state legislatures from adding such qualifications as they thought proper.
Mr. F. said that he would detain the committee a little longer, in order to make a few observations; but he wished these observations to be considered as his own, and not as those of the committee of Elections. That committee had decided only on the local case of the fifth district of Maryland, but his observations were intended to apply to the principle generally. The qualifications of the national legislature are of a national character, and as such must be uniform throughout the nation, and prescribed by the authority of the nation, and by it exclusively; but no state legislature is vested with national authority, they cannot make citizens for the nation, nor prescribe qualifications either for citizens or for executive officers of the nation, much less can they prescribe qualifications for the national legislature, other than the nation itself has prescribed, nor abridge the constitutional power of Congress to decide on the qualifications of its own members; agreeably to the rules prescribed by the constitution; that authority expressly vested by the whole cannot be abridged or changed by a part, by a seventeenth part of the nation.
It is a fundamental principle in a free government that the citizens should be protected in the enjoyment of all their natural rights, except in so far as the enjoyment of these rights are incompatible with the safety of society, and consequently with the support of a free government. It is the natural right of all men to choose whom they please, without regard to age, residence, &c. to represent and advocate their interests; but it is necessary for the protection of society that this right be abridged, but it ought to be no further abridged than is absolutely necessary for the safety of the society, and of this the society itself are the only competent and authoritative judges, and in the U. S. the society have decided on this principle by their general and ratifying conventions, and they have delegated no authority even to Congress, much less to states to alter or add to or diminish these qualifications. The federal constitution indeed provisionally delegates to the state legislature the authority of directing the time, place and manner of holding elections at the discretion of Congress. It is not necessary nor convenient that the time, place, and manner of holding elections should be uniform, therefore nothing but abuses or usurpations of power by the states, can ever excite or justify Congress in assuming the exercise of it, which however they may do at discretion.
The right of prescribing new or additional qualifications of members of Congress, is not a question between the federal and state governments, it rests between the state legislature and the people. The federal constitution has declared that the citizens of every state have a right to exercise their free choice in voting for men having the qualifications therein described, but some of the state legislatures say they shall not enjoy that right, but shall be obliged to vote for members with such qualifications as we shall from time to time prescribe, that we have a right to prescribe what qualifications we please, and change them as often as we please, &c. The question before the committee of the whole, is whether or not every state legislature has a right to abridge the people's right of choice of a member to represent them in Congress to what extent they think proper, and whether Congress in the exercise of its judicial power of judging of the qualifications of its members is bound by the various and changeable additions made by individual state legislatures, or by the permanent and uniform rules prescribed by the constitution which both they and the state legislatures have sworn to support. In deciding agreeable to the constitutional rule,
Congress is not increasing its powers nor encroaching on the powers of the state governments. It is only exercising its constitutional authority in protecting the rights of the citizens against the encroachment on their liberties by their own state legislatures, and in preserving uniformity of qualifications. Most certainly the constitution secures to every citizen who has a right to give a vote, a right to give that vote to any citizen constitutionally qualified whom he pleases. The law of Maryland says they shall not have that liberty, they shall vote only for a man who notwithstanding his having resided seven years, or probably all his life in the United States, has not so resided in a particular part of a district. They are entitled to elect two members, but shall only vote for one of them on one side of a given line, and for the other, on the other side, though they possibly might have resided not many perches apart, but it is not so much the varied changeable qualifications that have been prescribed as the variety and uncertainty of what on this principle if admitted, may be made, that renders it so highly objectionable.
Mr. F. said, there was ground to believe that but few state governments had taken this ground; he was certain several states had never set up such a claim. He would, however, only now instance Pennsylvania, the state which he had the honor to represent. When the federal government went into operation, the question of qualifications was very seriously and deliberately discussed in the legislature of that state. They were divided into parties on the question. Some, and indeed the majority believed and decided that the constitution could only admit of a general election. The difference of opinion continued, but before the next election the state was divided into districts, but in the election for the third Congress the members were voted by a general ticket, finally all parties agreed that while prescribing the manner was intrusted to the state governments, the state might be represented by districts, or by a general election, as might seem expedient, but that either way it must be done agreeable to the constitutional rule, that votes might be given for any qualified inhabitant of the state. It is but in very few instances indeed that a member has been elected over the line of the district for which he was chosen, and these few instances were not only the most popular, but the most beneficial. Pennsylvania still continues to act on that principle, believing she is bound by the constitution to do so, and no complaint has ever been laid before Congress from that state on the principle now contended for. The honor of the district and the influence of the candidates are always sufficient to secure the representation in the district unless the advantage of going out of it is very evident. In that state where some districts are entitled to send three members and others two, the parties generally plan to have the candidates distributed to promote the success of their ticket, but where this does not succeed, no harm is done, the constitutional rule is not infringed, and the people are contented.
The constitution is the bond of union between the people of the U. States; to make this bond complete, it was necessary that there should be a uniform rule of naturalization and a uniform rule of qualifications for the people's representatives in Congress, both these rules have been established by the constitution, and it is by the constitutional rule alone that Congress can decide on the cases arising under them. If this is not the case, Congress have no uniform rule to decide by.
To talk of inconveniences resulting from the rule, is to no purpose to our decision, for we are not authorised to make a constitution, but to decide agreeably to the rule already prescribed; however in stating the inconveniences, they are generally extreme and improbable cases, such as have never happened to the states that have adhered most closely to the prescribed rule, nor are ever likely to happen; but the dangers and inconveniences of departing from any uniform rule of qualifications are obvious. The members of different states will have different, or even inconsistent qualifications, such as would disqualify a member from serving in one state who would be well qualified to serve in another state. These states who adhere to the constitutional rule would be represented differently from those who do not, and those differently from each other, and with them there might and probably would be changes without end or certainty.
But Mr. F. said it was not his intention at this time to enlarge in a detailed manner, he had no doubt but that this would be sufficiently done in the course of the discussion by others. He would, however, observe that the power of prescribing additional quali-
fications has not by the people in their conventions been granted to Congress, nor does Congress claim or pretend to exercise it. They have not either by the federal ratifying conventions or by the state constitutions, vested that power in the state legislatures. Whence then did the state legislatures derive this right of making supplements to the qualifications prescribed by the federal constitution; not from the people in any known manner.
The federal constitution has restrained the natural rights of the people with respect to the qualifications of their representatives as far as was then thought necessary for the safety of the union, and no further. The state legislatures are corporate bodies, they do not act by national right, they are restrained by both the state and the federal constitutions. The power of prescribing qualifications either for members of the state legislatures or of Congress, has not been vested in them, therefore whenever they exercise this authority they do it by an assumption of unauthorised power. The state or federal legislatures possess no original rights, but only such as are derivative and representative. All original powers are naturally and originally in the people, and every assumption of the powers and rights belonging to them is an encroachment on the sovereignty which the people have retained in their own hands.
Let it not however be said that no power to prescribe additional qualifications exists in the United States; if it does not exist in the state governments, it exists in the people of the United States who are the real sovereigns, and is by them transferred to the state legislatures, and to Congress, two thirds of both agreeing; in this way several amendments to the federal constitution have been made, and more may be made, or the people may call a federal convention, but a state legislature was never authorised to abridge the constitutional liberty of the people in voting for their representatives.
Mr. F. said he had never heard the opposite doctrine advocated but by introducing extreme and improbable cases, such as had never happened in states which adhered strictly to the constitutional rule, nor were likely ever to happen. Such as, that if the people were admitted to vote for any inhabitant of the state duly qualified agreeably to the constitution, they might, or would vote for an idiot, a madman, or an infamous character, or would vote for all the members to represent the different districts of a large state, out of one district, &c. He said that these objections required but a very short answer. In the states who adhered to the constitution no one instance of that kind had happened, and if ever it did happen it would be an indubitable proof that the people who did so, were either idiots, madmen, or infamous characters themselves, and therefore totally disqualified to be citizens of a republican government, and only fit to be slaves to a master, and that those who made use of such arguments only did so to save the people from their worst enemies, themselves. To this he was not prepared to give his assent.
(Debate to be continued.)
SATURDAY, Nov. 21. On motion of Mr. Newton, after some conversation on the subject, resolutions were adopted directing the Clerk of the House to furnish each of the standing committees and the committee on the Post Office and Post-Roads with Bradley's map of the U. States, and Arrowsmith's map of Europe; and with Bacon's Digest of the Laws of the U. S.
Mr. McCreery moved that the petition of Wm. Smith, presented at a former session, be referred to the committee on claims barred, &c. Agreed.
Mr. Clifton, from the committee of revision and unfinished business, made a farther report; which was ordered to be printed.
Mr. Jones moved that the House should, according to the order of the day, go into committee of the whole on the report in favor of the petition of Sir James Jay. Agreed to, 48 to 29; Mr. Masters was called to the chair. The report being read with the letter from the Secretary of State accompanying it.
Mr. Taylor opposed and Mr. Jones supported it.
The question being taken on concurrence with the report, the votes were, in favor of it 45, against it 46; there appearing some doubt whether this decision was correct, a second count was about to be had, when
A debate took place, in which Messrs. Upham, Cook, Dana, Quincy, Sloan and Blackledge supported, and Messrs. J. Clay, Gardener, D. R. Williams, Holland, Taylor and Burwell opposed the report. In support of the report it was urged that the secret mode of correspondence for which the petitioner prays a com-

compensation, was very useful in the revolutionary war, and no doubt might be again; that the testimony in favor of the invention was very satisfactory; that there was on file in the office of the Secretary of State, a letter written by General Washington in this invisible ink; that Mr. Jay had never received compensation; that although it had been used by various persons, none had ever yet known the composition of it but himself; that the report was only to authorize the President to purchase this secret if he thought fit, leaving him the judge of its utility.
Those who opposed the report, argued that it was absurd to vote away money for a thing they did not and could not understand; that there never yet was a secret ink made but a composition could be invented that would bring it out, and that possibly sir James himself might know such a composition, that the House had no security before them that it was not or would not be disclosed to other governments as well as this; that if secret correspondence was wanted, it had from late occurrences appeared that Entick's Dictionary and a key word would afford, by writing in cypher, sufficient secrecy.
In the course of this debate much wit was displayed in speaking on different modes of keeping secrets, and the futility of all; with allusions to the secret proceedings of Congress, particularly those which took place on the 19th inst. which were said to have been known before the House took them up. Some amusement also arose amongst the members from the difficulty of hearing each other, and the consequent mistakes that took place.
The question on concurrence being taken was carried, 50 to 43.
The committee rose and on the motion in the House for concurrence, Messrs. J. Clay & Southard opposed, and Messrs. Sloan, Quincy, Newton, Mackledge, and Crowninshield supported it.
The question was then taken, on motion of Mr. Williams, by yeas and nays, there being 54 in favor of the report, and 53 against it. A select committee was appointed to bring in a bill in conformity to the resolution.
Mr. Quincy moved that the petition of sundry inspectors of the port of Boston, presented at a former session, be referred to the committee of Ways and Means. Agreed.
Mr. Van Cortlandt presented the memorial of Peter Landais, praying for a balance of compensation due him. Referred to the Committee of Claims.
Mr. Lyon presented the petition of John Pitchlynn, interpreter to the Choctaw nation of Indians, praying for money due him for services. Referred to the committee of Claims.
Mr. Cook presented the petition of John Whitney. Referred to committee on Claims barred, &c.
Adjourned.
MONDAY, NOVEMBER 23. The following message was received from the President of the U. S. To the Senate and House of Representatives of the U. S.
Agreeably to the assurance given in my message at the opening of the present session of Congress, I now lay before you a copy of the proceedings and of the evidence exhibited on the arraignment of Aaron Burr and others before the circuit court of the U. S. held in Virginia in the course of the present year in as authentic form as their several parts have admitted.
TH: JEFFERSON.
Nov. 23, 1807. Which being read, was with the documents accompanying the same, referred to the committee on so much of the President's message as relates to that subject.
The bill for erecting a bridge across the Potomac was recommitted, to amend the details.
The bill to extend the right of suffrage in the Mississippi territory was considered and debated, but no question taken.
TUESDAY, NOVEMBER 24.
Mr. Blount from the committee to whom was referred so much of the message of the President of the United States as relates to aggressions, &c. reported further in part.
That the numerous aggressions and violations of our jurisdiction recently committed within our ports and waters by British ships of war, whether they are to be regarded as the effects of positive orders from the British government, or as proceeding from that unrestrained insolence and rapacity in British naval commanders which previously produced the murder of our citizen John Pearce, and the perpetration of many other well remembered, outrageous, and irritating acts, are convincing proofs of the necessity of placing our ports and harbors as speedily as possible, in a situation to protect from insult and injury the persons and property of our citizens living in our seaport towns, or sailing in our own waters, and to preserve therein the respect due to the constituted authorities of the nation.
That the committee, having maturely considered the subject, are of opinion that the protection desired can be best and most expeditiously afforded by means of land batteries & gun-boats, as they have been induced to believe that by a judicious combination and use of these two powers, effectual protection can be given, even to our most important seaport towns, against ships of any size unaccompanied by an army.
That our most important ports and harbors, and those requiring the earliest attention and the most expensive fortifications, are, New Orleans, Savannah, Charleston, S. C. Wilmington, N. C. Norfolk, Baltimore, Philadelphia, New York, New London, Newport, R. I. Boston, Salem, Newburyport, Portsmouth, N. H. and Portland.
And that the ports, harbors, and places of minor importance requiring protection, and which may be protected by less expensive works, are St. Mary's, G. Beaufort & George-Town, S. C. Ocracoke, Albemarle Sound, James river, York and Rappahannock rivers; Potomac, Patuxent, Annapolis and Eastern Shore, Md. Delaware Bay and river, Egg Harbor, N. J. Amboy, Long Island, Connecticut shore, Yiverton, R. I. New Bedford, Marblehead and Cape Ann, York, Kennebec and Saco, Kennebec, Sheepscot, Damariscotta, Broad Bay, & St. Georges, Penobscot, Frenchman's bay, and Passamaquoddy bay.
Wherefore, your committee holding themselves bound by the tenor of the resolution referred to them, to report hereafter their opinion of the expediency of interdicting the waters of the U. S. to foreign armed vessels, according as circumstances, now unknown, may when known, seem to require, submit the following resolutions, viz.
Resolved, That it is expedient to authorise the President of the U. S. to cause such fortifications to be erected as, in addition to those heretofore built, will, with the assistance of gun-boats, afford effectual protection to our ports & harbors, & preserve therein the respect due to the constituted authorities of the nation, and that there be, and hereby is, appropriated for that purpose, out of any monies in the treasury not otherwise appropriated, the sum of dollars.
Resolved, That it is expedient to authorise the President of the U. S. to cause to be built an additional number of gun-boats not exceeding and to arm, equip, man, fit, and employ the same for the protection of our ports and harbors; and that there be, and hereby is appropriated for that purpose out of any monies in the treasury, not otherwise appropriated, the sum of
The report was referred to a committee of the whole on Thursday.
[A detailed statement of the proceedings of the two last days in our next.]
F. OLIVER, Has just returned from Philadelphia, with a handsome collection of the most fashionable English and French
MILLINERY & FANCY GOODS, Among which are the following articles:—
 Beaver hats and bonnets,  Velvet do. do.  Lace caps,  Chenille net do.  Eagle net do.  Feather and wreathing,  Artificial flowers, frosted and others,  Wreaths,  Gold combs,  Pearl and gold mounted do.  Plain do.  N ekl-cs and earings,  Laced handkerchiefs spencers and tucks, rs,  C rds and tassels, and sashes,  Hat-bands,  Hair bands, hair lace, and hair plat,  Imperial chip hats and bonnets,  Pressed do. do.  N-w fashioned straw and L-ghorn hats and bonnets,  B-st Lyons ribbons, damask'd, of new patterns,  A variety of trimmings, of new patterns, for dresses,  Gold and silver spangles, bullion, thread, cord, and cord & tassels,  Angola and Cashmere shawls,  Fashionable twilled silks for dresses Pe-lies and mantles,  Superfine police coatings,  Best English velvets, of all colors, do. plushes,  White satins, mantuas and Florence,  Colored and cross barred do.  A large and general assortment of ladies and gentlemen's gloves,  Misses do.  A general assortment of muslins, Muff and tippets,  A neat assortment of Murray's shoes, Wadding,  Military plumes, &c. &c.  Together with a general assortment of DRY GOODS. 
Georgetown, Nov.—3w
ST. ANDREWS SOCIETY. The Anniversary Meeting of the St. Andrews Society, will be held at Rhodes's tavern on Monday the 30th inst. at 4 o'clock, P. M. By order of the Society, J. MURDOCH, Sec. November, 25—3t
WASHINGTON CITY. WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 25.
We understand that GEN. MOREAU, about a week since, left Philadelphia for the Western country. It is said, for New Orleans. His unexpected departure and the rapidity with which he has passed on his journey have excited considerable curiosity, not unmixed with suspicion, which seems principally to have arisen from the place to which he is said to be going. Information has been received of his passing through Lancaster and Chambersburg without having made any delay at either place. When we consider the distinguished character and unsullied reputation of Gen. Moreau, we cannot for a moment indulge the idea of his having any views hostile to the United States; and we think it highly probable that a very short time will bring to light the most satisfactory explanations of the objects of his journey, which may turn out to have been undertaken solely for the gratification of a laudable curiosity.
It is with pleasure we announce to the public, that the MONUMENT to be erected to the memory of the officers of the Navy, who fell during the different attacks made by our squadron on the city of Tripoli, in 1804, has arrived at Boston, in the U. States frigate Constitution, and that it will shortly be landed at the Navy Yard at this place.
The expence of this beautiful piece of Sculpture, which, for grandeur of design, elegance of execution and size, far excels any thing of the kind ever seen on this side of the Atlantic, has been delayed out of the slender means of the officers of the Navy.
We understand that the manager, capt. David Porter, intends, in behalf of his brother officers, to present it to this city, only reserving to himself the privilege of choosing the spot where it is to stand, and that Mr. Latrobe has generously offered his services in putting it up.
To convey some idea of this Monument, we subjoin a short though imperfect description.
Its base is 16 feet square, and its height 23 feet. It is composed of the purest white marble of Carrara, with ornaments and inscriptions of gilt bronze. The pedestal is highly ornamented with inscriptions, representative of the actions, trophies of war, &c. &c. in bass relief, and supports a Rostral column, surmounted by the arms of the United States. Fame standing on one side of the pedestal, with the palm and laurel, crowns an urn, which bears this inscription:
Hic Decorae Punctorum in bello Virorum Cineres.
History, seated at the base, looking back recording these events. Mercury, the genius of Commerce, lamenting the death of his protectors—a female Indian representing America with two Children bearing the Passes explaining to them the events, and four large bronze lamps representing the flame of Immortality—
On the pedestal appears the following inscriptions in letters of gilt bronze: Erected to the memory of Captain Richard Somers, Lieutenants James Caldwell, James Decatur, Henry Wadsworth, Joseph Israel, and Midshipman John H. Dorsey, who fell in the different attacks that were made on the city of Tripoli, in the year of our Lord, 1804, and in the XXVIII year of the Independence of the U. States.
A flame of glory inspired them, And fame has crowned their deeds. History records the events—the Children of Columbia admire, and Commerce laments their fall.
As a small tribute of respect to their memory, and admiration of their valor, so worthy of imitation, their Brother Officers have erected this monument.
The monument has been imported in 51 large cases, and weighs above 15 tons. The figures are as large as life, and the whole will cost above 3000 dollars, which is to be raised at the following rates of subscription—Commanders $20, Wards Room Officers $10, and Officers of the rank of Midshipmen, &c. $5. The subscription, we understand, is nearly completed; and from the known spirit and generosity of our officers we are confident it will soon be closed.
Extract of a letter from a respectable citizen of the U. S. captain of a trading vessel on Lake Erie, dated Fort Erie Roads, October 23d, 1807.
"The sound of war reaches us in this remote place from all quarters. What the result may be we can only conjecture. We, however, repose full faith and confidence in the wisdom and patriotism of those who administer our happy government, to devise ways and means best calculated to protect the lives and property of the inhabitants on the borders of the U. States, adjoining Canada. The British have armed all their vessels on this lake, viz. the Camden
Ship of 18 guns, the Gen. Hunter a brig of 10 guns, and all their merchant vessels. On Lake Ontario, as I am informed, the Duke of Kent, a ship of 18 guns, a ship, the name I have forgot, of 24 guns, and the Governor's yacht; the latter a few days since exercised her men and guns alongside the brig Adams.
"Should hostilities actually take place between the U. S. and G. Britain the posts of Michilimackinac and Chicago, it is most probable, would be the first places the British would strike, to expose a more extensive frontier to the Indians, whom they are tampering with to obtain an alliance. Those, however, at Buffalo appear opposed to be peaceable, and remain neutral, as their chief says, to see how bad white people can behave to each other."
The following is an extract of a letter dated Boston, November 17.
"We learn by a vessel just arrived from England, that Mr. Munro took leave of the British king Oct. 7th. It is reported he sailed on the 11th. It is stated that the British administration have transmitted their ultimatum to their ambassador at Washington."
Extract of a letter from New York.
"The ship James arrived at Boston on Tuesday in a short passage from Liverpool. Her London papers are to the 12th of October. They inform that on the 7th Mr. Munro had his audience of leave of the king, preparatory to embarking. His instructions are said to have been too limited to enable him to bring the negotiations to a conclusion, and that therefore the British ultimatum will be, or has been forwarded to their minister in this country. No blockading order has been issued against the French. Russia has shut her ports against the English, and the Eyder is declared in a state of blockade. Mr. Munro, one account says, sailed 11th October in the Revenge. Other accounts say he will return in a merchant vessel."
Further accounts, received by the mail last night, confirm the contents of the foregoing letters, and add that Mr. Munro was expected to embark in a private vessel from Cowes.
The Revenge is stated to have sailed the 10th or 11th of October. The Ledger says the ultimatum of the British government had been dispatched to Mr. Erskine. Liverpool papers to the 14th do not think a war inevitable.
The Danish court had not recognised the capitulation of Copenhagen But the English were bringing off great quantities of naval stores; a fleet of transports, with part of these stores arrived in England, the 7th October.
The New-York Evening Post says —A gentleman passenger had a conversation with Mr. Munro, on the 10th of Oct. and was told by the minister that he found it absolutely necessary to come home and have a personal conference with the President, as the last instructions had fettered him so that it was impossible to conclude a negotiation with the British government. He added that he was prepared to state to the President, how far Great Britain would yield certain points, and in what particulars she would remain immovable; that there must be some mutual concessions, and that he still hoped that no insurmountable obstacles existed to an amicable and satisfactory adjustment of the concerns of the two countries.
The Russians.—By an arrival at Salem on Monday last, information was received that the Russians had detained all the English vessels in the port of Cronstadt.
Extract of a letter from Messrs. Grant, Webb & Co. to the owners of Ship Vermont, dated Leghorn, Sept. 15, 1807.
"We feel much satisfaction in informing you that we have at length received advice from Paris, by this morning's Post, that the prize court finally passed judgement in the Vermont's cause on the 2d inst. ordering not only the restitution of the ship and cargo, but condemning the captors in all charges."
A resolution has passed the House of Representatives of the state of Maryland, granting leave to bring in a bill, entitled, an act to abolish all such parts of the Constitution and form of government as relate to the time and manner of electing the Senate, and the mode of filling up vacancies in that body. Yeas, 47—Nays, 9.
SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES.
On Friday Dr. MITCHELL reported a bill to appropriate money for the construction of an additional number of gun boats. The number is left blank in the bill; but a document from the navy department, which accompanies it, states that it is thought
that 180 more gun boats will be wanted, in addition to the 62 already provided.
This bill came under the consideration of the Senate on Monday, but was postponed, we believe, with the view of having the whole subject of defence generally before the Senate, before it acted on any one part of it.
Yesterday Mr. Adams from a committee appointed on a part of the President's message, reported to the Senate a bill for the preservation of peace and maintenance of the authority of the U. S. in the ports, harbors and waters under their jurisdiction, which received a first reading.
The bill is very long and contains numerous important details. The outlines are as follows:
It authorises the President to permit or interdict, at his discretion, the entrance of our harbors to all armed vessels belonging to a foreign power, and by force to repel and move them from the same, except in certain specified cases, in which cases the said vessels are to conform to rules prescribed by the Executive.
It further, in consequence of the late conduct of the British, prohibits the entrance of any British armed vessel into the harbors or waters of the U. S. except when driven in by stress of weather, or when charged with dispatches; provided that whenever reparation shall be made, to the satisfaction of the President, for the outrages committed upon the national sovereignty, it shall be lawful for the President to remove the interdiction.
On such vessel refusing to depart, she shall be deemed to have made a hostile invasion of the territory of the U. S. and shall be proceeded against as an enemy, and may be seized, and brought in and forfeited, and shall accrue wholly to the captors.
All pacific intercourse with such vessel is forbidden.
The President is authorised to use the land forces and militia to seize such vessel.
He is also empowered to refuse admission to any vessel belonging to the subjects of the nation whose armed vessel shall so remain in the harbors of the U. S.
It empowers any person or persons to burn, sink or destroy any such vessel, for which a bounty of — dollars is offered on each gun of said vessel.
It authorises the President, to carry this act into effect, to fit out all the armed vessels of the U. S.
[Bill at full length hereafter.]
Port. N. S. 17.
Capt. Babson, who arrived yesterday, informs, that it was reported 20,000 French troops were to march into Spain. The fleet at Cadiz was preparing for sea with great activity. It consisted of 9 sail of the line & 2 frigates & a squadron was expected from the Mediterranean to join them. Some persons conjectured a sudden attack was to be made on Gibraltar, by land and sea. The Portuguese royal family, influenced by the fear of a visit from the French, it was said, were preparing to embark for the Brazils.
We had wondered why the order for a draft from the militia of Warren county had not been received ere this. A few days ago it was announced that the commanding officer had received his orders, and in consequence, had hastily directed a muster on Friday last. Accordingly, on that day a considerable portion of the regiment assembled in this town, many of them without knowing the object of their attendance. At noon the line was formed. Without orators to allure, or music to charm, it was simply announced that their country demanded a selection of eighty-four of the corps to be in readiness for actual service. A low murmur of patriotic sentiments was uttered in instinctive phrases. The commanding major proposed that volunteers should step from the line. Instantly they began to advance; and in a few seconds the officers exclaimed "We have too many." The volunteering ceased, and on counting over the number offered, they were found to be one hundred & forty-three, which rendered another allotment necessary to ascertain who should have the honor of avenging their country.
Warrenton paper.
Chillicothe, Nov. 12.
John Smith, Esq. against whom indictments for treason and a misdemeanor were found by the grand jury of Virginia district in June last, passed through this town on the 9th inst. on his way to Richmond, to stand his trial. He is escorted by two gentlemen from the Mississippi Territory, where he voluntarily surrendered himself to the civil authority. In the treason case, a note prosequi has been entered by Mr. Hay. Mr. Smith seems very anxious to have his trial as soon as possible.

NEW POLITICAL PAPER.
THE REGISTER OF POLITICAL NEWS AND NEWS. The gentlemen of Congress, and others, who are inclined to patronize this work, are respectfully informed that a subscription paper is lodged in the hands of Mr. Magruder, Esq. clerk to the House of Representatives. Mr. Mathew (of the Senate) will receive the names of gentlemen of that body, who may be disposed to patronize the Register, &c.
J. B. COLVIN.
November 13.
W. S. NICHOLLS,
BRIDGE STREET, GEORGE TOWN, HAS received, and is now offering for sale a very large and general assortment of FALL and WINTER GOODS, consisting of superfine and second Cloths, and Cassimeres, Constitution Cords, Velvets and Velveteens, Calicoes, Cambrics and Dimities, London H. ts, Flannels, Coatings and Blankets, French and Italian Plaid and Plain Silks, Silk Velvets, Irish and German Linens, India Muslins of every description, with almost every article attached to the Dry Good business, which he will sell for each as low as any person in town.
November 11-3w
P. MAURO.
TAKES the liberty to inform his Friends, the Members of Congress, and the inhabitants of the city in general, that he has lately returned from a journey to Baltimore, Philadelphia, and New York, with a large supply of the best and choicest GROCERIES, WINES, SPIRITS, CORDIALS, FRUITS, PRESERVES, SPICES, PICKLES, &c. And also, with a large and well selected assortment of DRY & FANCY GOODS, which he offers for sale at his store adjoining Mr. Thomas W. Pairo west of the Seven Buildings, by wholesale and retail at very moderate terms.
October 30-tf
WEISKOPFF and KELLER,
CONFECTIONERS. RESPECTFULLY inform the ladies and gentlemen of George Town and the city of Washington, that they can be supplied with every kind of CAKE, of the very first quality—Ornaments for Tables, of the most elegant form, and in the newest style. Ice Creams, Jellies of all kinds, on the shortest notice. They keep always on hand, Cordials of every kind, excellent in quality, and genuine, such as Noyeau, Orange, Raspberry, &c. &c. High street, George Town, } November, 11-tf
WILL be sold at Public Auction, on the premises, on Monday the 30th of November next, part of Lot number 4, in square 78, being 28 ft. front, near the Western Market, and extending back about 141 feet to an alley. There is erected upon this lot, a good Brick Building covering the whole front, with a good Kitchen and enclosure, and was formerly occupied by Dr. Bullus. As the property is well known, nothing further descriptive is thought necessary. Washington, October 30-tfs
CHARLES H. VARDEN, Merchant Taylor
New Jersey Avenue, near the Capitol RESPECTFULLY informs the gentlemen of the district of Columbia, he has imported by Miss Eliza ANN lately arrived at Philad. A choice assortment of Bets Superfine cloths, Pennets, Velvets, and Cords, Cambrics, single and double milled Satin cloths, fashionable Spanish Ornaments, Tollenets, rich silk Mouselin velvets, silk and satin Florentines, with a variety of other articles suitable for the season. Ladies habits, regimentals, and navy uniforms made in the first style of fashion. Richard Harwells celebrated parallel suspender, can be had on the same terms as at his manufactory. November 12-tf
NEW STORE.
HENRY O. DYER has opened in his new BRICK STORE in Bridge street, betwixt Elisha and Romulus Riggs's stores, and second door from John Cox, a large and handsome assortment of FALL & WINTER GOODS, all of the latest impositions; among them many Fancy articles; he has also, a very handsome assortment of superfine Cloths and Fancy Cassimeres and Waistcoatings, and a large assortment of very fine 7/8th and 4/4th Irish Linens and 5/4th sheetings, all of which he will sell uncommonly low for cash. George Town, November 11-2w
SPERMAGTI CANDLES
And winter Strained SPERMAGTI OIL of superior quality, from the first Manual crop in the United States, with a few barrels of strained Oil of a superior quality for the use of Carriers, just received and for sale, by JOHN GOULDING,
Who has on hand a choice selection of excellent LIQUORS fit for immediate use, to be sold cheap for cash. George Town, November 11-1m
20 DOLLARS REWARD.
AN AWAY from the subscriber in August last, Negro CHARLES, he is a straight well made black man, about 26 years of age, 5 feet 9 or 10 inches high; has lost some of his fore teeth; is remarkably polite and much of a gallant. The above reward will be paid to any person who will bring him home or lodge him any till that I get him again. WM. B. STAMPS. Upper Marlinton, Jan. 9-tawt
ROSS AND GETTY.
IN Addition to a Large and General Assortment of GROCERIES, have for sale at their store next door to the Union Tavern George Town, Genuine Old Madeira, Sicily Madeira, Sherry, Particular Teneriffe, Old Port in hogsheads and in bottles, Lisbon, Malaga, Corsica, Clarets & Fontinac, Cogniac, Bordeaux, Peach, and Apple Brandy, Jamaica, Antigua, and New England Rum, Holland and Country Gin, Irish and Country Whiskey, Crab Apple Cider, in hogsheads and bottles, French Cordials and Sweet Meats of different kinds. Olives, Capers, Anchovies, Salmon, Mackerel, Cod-fish, and smoked Herrings. By the Schooner Fair American, captain Clements from New York and the sloop Unity, captain Hand from Philadelphia, besides many other articles in the Grocery Line, they have received a quantity of CHEESE, Currants, Spanish Segars of an excellent quality; best winter strained Spermaciti Oil, Mould and Dip'd Candles, &c. &c. November 6-tf
SUBSCRIPTIONS for the Richmond Enquirer will be received at the Post Office, in George Town. The terms are 5 dollars a year, paid in advance. Gentlemen residing in George Town or the City of Washington, who are in arrears for the Enquirer will please to call and pay off the balances against them. Receipts will be given by D. WILEY. October 23.
LINDSAY'S HOTEL.
The Subscriber has taken that well calculated house on the Capitol Hill. Late occupied by Mr. Frost formerly by Mr. Stelle—Where he intends to open a Tavern on the 24th October. Those gentlemen who may favor him with their Custom may rely on every attention in the Power of the Public's devoted Servant. GEO. W. LINDSAY. N.B.—EIGHT or TEN BOARDERS may be conveniently accommodated. October 19-tf
BURNS AND BELL.
WOOLLEN drapers, men's mercers, and tailors, New Jersey Avenue, opposite the Secretary of the Navy's, respectfully inform the public that they have commenced business in the above line, where they will endeavor to give satisfaction—they have on hand a fresh supply of the most fashionable goods, suitable for the approaching season, all fresh and of the very best quality. N.B. Regimentals and naval uniforms made in the most elegant and fashionable style with neatness and dispatch. October 23-tf
57 MARY'S COLLEGE.
GRAND LOTTERY, BALTIMORE. Authorised by the General Assembly of the state of Maryland, the scheme of which is the most brilliant ever offered to the citizens of the United States, containing, besides a large number of other good prizes.
1 prize of 30,000 dollars, 1 do. of 15,000 dollars, 3 do. of 10,000 dollars, 2 do. of 5,000 dollars, 8 do. of 1,500 dollars, 7 do. of 1,000 dollars. Not two blanks to a prize, and the lowest prize is twelve dollars. The scheme contains only 21,500 tickets; 10,000 of which are actually sold to a company of gentlemen, in New York, to whom the Managers have obligated themselves to commence the drawing in the city of Baltimore, On THURSDAY the 31st day of DECEMBER next, and to draw 500 tickets per day.
Tickets and Shares are now selling in a variety of numbers and very rapidly, at Ten Dollars and a Half each, for a short time, at G. & R. WAITE'S truly fortunate Lottery Office, corner of Market and Charles streets Baltimore
The grandeur of the Scheme of the above lottery, together with an assurance from the Managers that it will positively commence drawing on the 31st day of December next, have been a sufficient inducement for the subscribers to come to the city of Baltimore for the express purpose of facilitating the sale of the tickets. G. & R. WAITE.
One of the above firm will personally attend the drawing daily, to take down the numbers correctly, as will also one of their clerks.
The next New York Lottery will not commence drawing till April next—tickets of which lottery may be had at Waite's offices, No. 64 and No. 88, Maiden Lane New York. Distant adventurers, accompanying their orders with Bank Notes, of any description to either of W.ite's offices, in New York or Baltimore, may have Tickets and Shares forwarded to any amount with the utmost punctuality, and the earliest advice sent them of their success. All prizes sold by G. and R. Waite, will be paid by them.
Tickets in the above Lottery are to be had at J. MARCH'S Book-store, Georgetown, where the prize list will be regularly received. Tickets may likewise be had at John Goulding's. October 12-taw3m
LAND FOR SALE.
WILL sell for cash, or exchange for Dry Goods or Groceries, on moderate terms, the following described property. A Lot of Ground in George Town, on Washington and Gay streets, fronting the former 120 and the latter 60 feet. The situation of this lot is desirable, and taking into view the rapid growth of the town, is considered as being valuable.
Also a Tract of unimproved LAND, in Monongahela county Virginia, containing 1003 acres, contiguous to the navigable water of Cheat river. The soil is inferior to none in that part of the country. The production of the land can be conveyed to Pittsburgh in two days, where a sure and ready sale is always to be obtained.
The public road from this to Clarksburg Virginia, runs through it, from thence to Marietta, Chillicothe, &c. Any person disposed to purchase or barter, may know the terms by application to the subscriber. ALEXANDER SUTER, Corner of High and Bridge streets, George Town. November 18-1m
ALEXANDER SUTER, HAS for Sale, at the store lately occupied by Mr. Edgar Patterson, corner of High & Bridge streets George Town, a large Collection of valuable BOOKS, with a general assortment of STATIONERY—also a variety of Fancy Articles, all of which will be sold low for cash. Just received, and now opening for sale, Elegant Gold and Silver Epaulets, Gold and Silver Lace, Gold Cord, Officers crimson silk sashes, of superior quality, True Washingtonian, Jeffersonian, and Madisonian RAZORS. November 18-1m
JOHN GOULDING,
HAS for Sale, Rea good Old Madeira, Sicily Madeira, Sherry, Lisbon, Port, & Buccello. in Casks and in Bottles. Claret in bottles, large and small boxes, from 6 to 12 dollars per dozen, Cogniac Brandy, Peach and Apple Brandy, Jamaica spirit, Holland gin, Whiskey in barrels, 5th proof, Loaf and Lump Sugar in barrels, Porter and Ale in hds. and in barrels, Together with most other Wines and Spirits generally used in this part of the country—Also, Ravens Duck, Spermaceti Candles, and oil of the very first quality, with sundry other articles, all of which he is determined to sell low for money or on short credit to his kind and punctual customers. Cash purchasers will find it their interest to call on him. He earnestly requests all those indebted to him to cause payment to be made to him soon; also those indebted to him for Postage since last year and the beginning of the present. October 23-tf
VALUABLE PROPERTY FOR SALE.
WILL be offered to the highest bidder at the house of Mr. M. Semmes in this town, on Monday the 30th November next, such parts of the following property as may not be disposed of prior to that day, viz. several improved and unimproved water and other Lots, and parts of Lots in George Town and its additions—Lot 7 in square 79, and 7, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, in square 569 city of Washington, together with the following lands—the Wale 403 1/4 acres; Dry meadow 34 acres; Good Fell whip 21 acres; Mount Airy 59 1/2; part of Mount Airy, 5 1 2 acres; Below Amsterdam 12 1/2; acres Burn's Neglect 81 acres; Propriet 167 1/2; and part Knowds Disappointment 51 2 ac. in the District; New Harbor 83 acres; I believe it will be 9 acres; Little Spot 12 1/4 ac. Montgomery & Frederick county Maryland—Nichols Delight 60 1/2 acres, Last Shift 100 acres; the resurvey of Cresap's neglect 204 3/4 acres, and Jacobs Ladder 300 acres, in Allegheny county Maryland, and 5132 acres in Randolph county Virginia. Sale to commence at 4 o'clock P.M. and to continue from day to day till the whole is sold—Terms of sale, time agreeable to the amount purchased, to be made known on the day of sale, where plots of the whole will be shown. J. M. BEATTY, C. A. BEATTY. George Town, October 26-tf
IN CHANCERY, JUNE TERM, 1807.
Charles Wadsworth, versus Owen Roberts & Jane his wife, George N. Lyles, Jno. Harper and James Keith.
THE report of Lewis Ford, the trustee formerly appointed in this cause, under the decree of the 6th day of June A. D. 1807, having been returned sworn to and filed, and the proceedings therein approved.
It is therefore ordered adjudged and decreed, this 15th day of Sept. 1807, that the said report be ratified and confirmed unless cause be shown to the contrary, on or before the fourth Monday of December next. Provided a copy of this order be published for three successive weeks in the National Intelligencer and Washington Federalist, before the said fourth Monday in December next. The report states, that the mortgaged property therein mentioned, was sold for the sum of eight hundred dollars. By order, WM. BRENT, Ck.
True copy, Test, WM. BRENT, Ck. November 18-w3t
JOSEPH WHEATON takes this method of informing his friends and the public that he has opened an OFFICE in his own House in F street near the Office of Discount and Deposit, where he proposes to carry on the business of BROKER & COMMISSION MERCHANT.
IN THEIR VARIOUS BRANCHES, and would therefore solicit a share of public patronage, assuring, that such commands as he may be favored with in his line of business shall be gratefully received and faithfully and promptly executed.
TO LET, One large 3 story BRICK HOUSE, new and completely finished in an elegant style, in an advantageous situation.
FOR SALE—Three well finished two story BRICK HOUSES on Pennsylvania avenue, and a number of CITY LOTS in good situations for improvement, on very reasonable terms.
All kinds of Stocks bought and sold. Washington city, Nov. 16—
Mr. Printer.—The following letters I recently received in answer to my request of the writers, their opinion of my Patent New London Bileous Pills, as a public Medicine. 'Tis unnecessary to add that those gentlemen are distinguished characters. The offices they sustain are sufficient proofs of their respectability, and I trust is the highest evidence I can give the public of the efficacy of my Pills.
SAMUEL H. P. LEE. New London, September 29, 1807.
Copy of a letter from John R. Watrous, esq. M. D. President of the Connecticut Medical Convention, to the Proprietor. Dr. Samuel P. H. Lee, Colchester, September 25, 1807.
Dear Sir—I have just received your letter of the 18th instant, requesting my opinion of your Bileous Pills: from what knowledge I have of them, I know of no deleterious effects, which they have ever produced, but believe them to be a good composition for the use they are designed. I certainly have no objections to their being in general use, and in the circle of my practice, frequently recommend them; and believe the people in general give them the preference to any other Pill in circulation.
I am sir, with much respect, your most obedient servant, JOHN R. WATROUS.
Copy of a letter from Doctor William B. Hall a practitioner of much eminence in the city of Middletown, Connecticut. Teacher and Lecturer on the Theory and Practice of Physic, Treasurer of the Connecticut Medical Society and Fellow of the same; to the Patentee, dated Middletown, September 14th, 1807, in answer to a letter requesting his opinion of the "Patent New London Bileous Pills" as a Public Medicine. Doctor Samuel H. P. Lee, New London.
Middletown, September 14, 1807. Sir—I only received your favor of the 9th instant, requesting my opinion of your Patent Pills, as a public medicine, and the experience I have had from using them in my practice. I have to inform you, sir, that I have administered your Pills, more or less in my practice the six or seven years past, and have found them equal, and in many instances superior, to any preparation I have ever known, in all cases where the stomach and bowels required evacuation by the intervention of a cathartic. I view them peculiarly beneficial in southern climates, where almost all complaints are more or less of a bilious tendency, and in any region where cathartics are adopted as a curative indication, they are in my opinion, the most convenient and efficacious pill of any in use, being safe and easy in their operation. To travellers by sea or land, I think they must be eminently useful, having printed directions for using them, which must be a convenience in cases where medical aid cannot be obtained. To the public generally, they have another benefit annexed to them, which is of some importance, especially to the poorer class; that is, they are a cheap medicine, and by being prepared by yourself only, they have the best reason to expect that they are well prepared, and with some experience may be able to administer them in their families, with considerable success, and thereby save expense. Finally sir, knowing as I do, the component parts of the Pill, I can with confidence recommend them as a useful and safe public medicine. I am, sir, your most obedient servant, WILLIAM B. HALL.
The above Pills are to be had at the Drugg and Medicinal store of JOHN ORR, George Town, who is appointed sole agent for the district of Columbia. October 6-w1p
NEW STORE.
LEWIS ZIMMER near the NAVY YARD, begs leave to inform the public that he has for sale a general assortment of DRY GOODS & GROCERIES, among which are the following articles, viz. Bath Coatings, Cloth, Waistcoatings, Velveteen, fashionable Cord, cotton and worsted Hose, Blankets, Flannel, Baize, Calico, Shawls, checked Hand kerchiefs, Irish and German Linen, Shoës, men and womens Het Shoës, Needles, pocket & framed Looking Glasses, Combs, Scissors, Penknives, &c. Also—Old Hyson, Young Hyson, Fresh Teas. Spinning Cotton, Spanish Indigo, Allum, Coffee, Gunpowder and Shot, Butter, Cheese, Pork, Soap, dipped and mould Candles, Spanish and country Segars, French Brandy, Holland Gin, New England Rum, Whiskey, Lisbon, Port, Teneriffe and Port Wine, Confectionary, &c. all of which he will sell low for cash. November 20-3t
ELISHA RIGGS, Has imported by the late arrivals, from London and Liverpool, via Baltimore and Alexandria.
EIGHTY-NINE PACKAGES, FALL GOODS.
And now opened at his New Store Bridge street—which being direct from the Manufactories, will be sold very low, by Wholesale or Retail for cash, or to punctual customers only at short dates—(liberal allowances, will be made to Retailers or Purchasers)—Among them are, 9 bales superfine cloths, cassimeres, coatings and fries, 21 do. flannels, blankets, berseys, cottons and plies, 6 cases checks, dimities, Manchester, and cords, 3 trunks upholsterers furniture, and hatters trimmings, 3000 lbs. London sein twine, in casks of 350 lbs. each, 10 boxes and 3 casks, tin, plate, cutlery, and buttons, 6 cases gentlemen's hats, and umbrellas, 8 trunks silk, cotton, Angola and worsted hosiery, 3 bales carpets, carpeting and hearth rugs.
ALSO, A large supply of cheap Irish linens, calicoes, gingham, shirting muslins, coarse linens and India muslins.
FANCY GOODS.
Ladies pelice cloths, velvets, silk pelices, lace caps, lace handkerchiefs, artificial flowers, fancy beaver bonnets, hats, feathers and cords, head ornaments, laces, silk and set buttons, cassettes, satin shoes, elegant silk hosiery, sleeves and gloves, fancy muslins, short dancing dresses, cashmere and damask shawls, fancy silks, Shawla muslins, ribbons, linen cambric & lace shades. Harwells, celebrated, Patent Suspender, for ease, elegance, strength, &c. exceeds any in use. Cash will be given for 40 shares of Columbia stock—Apply as above. George Town, Nov. 20-F&M2m
FIFTY DOLLARS REWARD.
RAN AWAY from the subscriber on the 13th inst. two NEGROES, one a boy of about 17 years old, named JACK, the other a girl of about 18 years old, named PEGGY, bought of Isaac D. Hodges, deceased, raised on the plantation of Joseph Hodges the father of Isaac Hodges, Prince Georges Cy. All persons are hereby forbid virtually harboring, or employing the said Negroes, and any person delivering the same to the subscriber shall be entitled to receive the above reward. JOSEPH WHEATON. November 20-tf
SAMUEL SPEAKE.
If the above mentioned boys are not disposed of by private contract before Thursday the 26th instant they will be sold at Public Auction at 12 o'clock on that day at Mr. Rhoades's tavern. November 20-3t
MUFFS & TIPPETS, Thread and Cotton Laces, Superfine Hats, Broadcloths, Shoës, and almost every article in the DRY GOOD line: likewise an assortment of the best WINES & CONFECTIONERIES to be had on very reasonable terms by the subscriber at the Seven Buildings. THOS. W. PAIRO. Nov. 20-3t
FRESH TEAS—the subscriber has received by Captain Blackwell, 6 Chests of Old Hyson, 6 ditto Young Hyson, 4 ditto Best Lamp Glass, Oranges, Limes, oil, olives, capers, &c. Daily expected— 50 Boxes of mould Candles 20 ditto dipped ditto 50 ditto brown soap 10 ditto white ditto and a large quantity of Cordials, preserved Limes, ginger, currant jelly, pickles, &c. P. MAURO. October 30-tf
NOTICE.
I SHALL offer to the highest bidder, on the first Monday in January next, unless prevented by a private sale before, of which due notice will be given; that very celebrated and desirable INN, at present occupied by Captain Brooks, in the town of Upper Marlinton, with TEN acres of adjacent GROUND and all its appurtenances, on a credit of four years, with approved security, bearing interest from the day of sale; one fourth of the purchase money to be paid at the expiration of two years, with interest; one fourth at the end of the third year, with interest, and the residue on the termination of the fourth year; thereby affording an opportunity, to even a tolerable manager, of making the property more than pay for itself before one cent can be inconveniently demanded from him. THOS. C. BOWIE. November 11-widots
A NEGRO MAN.
A very good Laborer, to hire by the year. Enquire of the Printer. October 7-w1f