The national intelligencer and Washington advertiser. (Washington City [D.C.]), 1807-04-13 00:00:00

NATIONAL INTELLIGENCER, AND WASHINGTON ADVERTISER.
VOL. VII.
WASHINGTON CITY, PRINTED BY SAMUEL HARRISON SMITH, PENNSYLVANIA AVENUE.
No. 1013.
FIVE DOLLARS PER ANNUM.
MONDAY, APRIL 13, 1807.
PAID IN ADVANCE
CONGRESS.
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES.
MONDAY, MARCH 2.
The House took up the bill from the Senate "to prevent settlements being made on lands ceded to the U. S. until authorised by law."
Mr. QUINCY moved its indefinite postponement. He observed that the provisions of the bill were highly important, and affected great constitutional questions which it was not possible for the House to do justice to at so late a period of the session. The principle contained in the first section was, that the rights of all persons shall be forfeited, who shall undertake to settle on the public lands. This provision was not against trespassers, but was obviously intended to destroy the constitutional rights of those who had existing rights. The object of the bill was to defeat these constitutional rights. He had another objection to the bill. It went to forfeit the whole right to the land, in violation of the constitution, which expressly declares that "no attainder of treason shall work corruption of blood or forfeiture, except during the life of the person attainted" — and yet under this law, it is undertaken without any crime, to forfeit the rights of the individual, not only during his life, but likewise during that of his heirs. He had another constitutional objection. The constitution says, "nothing in this constitution shall be so construed as to prejudice the claims of the U. S. or of any particular state." Among the rights derived from the states, if the property has passed, is the right of possession. This bill is therefore an invasion of the rights of the states. There was another constitutional objection. The 9th art. of the amendment to the constitution provides, that "in suits at common law, when the value in controversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved." Here the right is taken away in a question of the highest magnitude to the individual. The object of this law is nothing more or less than to build up the legislative power on the destruction of that of the judiciary. There was another objection. The constitution says, "excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel or unusual punishments inflicted." Here is an excessive fine imposed. Mr. Q. said it was impossible, in the time that remained, to do justice to this subject — he therefore hoped it would be indefinitely postponed.
Mr. GREGG said he had no intention, on a proposition to postpone, to go into a discussion of the merits of the bill; but he believed an attention to its provisions would obviate many of the objections raised against it. He would not attempt to justify the bill in all its minutiae. He hoped, however, the gentleman would withdraw his motion; he would then have an opportunity, when the bill was taken up, to offer such amendments as might remove his objections. Mr. G. said he thought the propriety of such a bill was justified by the necessity of the case. The simple question was whether the U. S. should derive any benefit from the public lands, or whether they should be given up to intruders. It must be known to every one that almost innumerable persons had settled down on the public lands without meaning to pay for them. Their object was to settle down on them for a while, to sell their improvements, and then make other settlements. Hence the absolute necessity of making some provision on the subject. Mr. G. said he had no particular part of the lands of the U. S. in view — he took the subject up on general grounds. He believed these intrusions were most numerous in the Indiana territory; but there was no district in which they had not been made to a considerable extent. He did not pretend to say that this law was the best that could be passed on the subject — they might not however be able to get one much better. When taken up, it would be in the power of gentlemen to offer such amendments as they pleased.
Mr. OLIN said he hoped the gentleman from Massachusetts would not withdraw his motion. He believed no man would charge him with a design to cover certain fraudulent claims; but he trusted the principle contained in this bill would not be sanctioned. They were not a judicial body; and had not a right to take the ground assumed in the bill. They had formerly had an attempt made upon them to sanction claims founded in fraud and he had voted against it. He should also vote against this bill — he would never agree that men should be dispossessed of their property in such a way.
Mr. HASTINGS spoke against the bill and in favor of the indefinite postponement; but in so doing a voice that we were not able to collect his ideas.
Mr. N. WILLIAMS considered the bill so objectionable that he could not vote for it; and as from the short period of the session that remained, it was impossible to give it a proper attention, he would vote for the postponement.
The first objection he should make to the bill was this—that it destroyed that right hitherto considered sacred, the right of asserting a claim to property—a right that it was established and co-eval with the laws of the country. Nothing was better settled than that an individual who claimed a right to a piece of property had a right to take possession of it, and hold it till deprived by process of law. Here that right is denied, and in the most exceptional manner, by giving the President the power of judging when the rights of the U. S. are violated, and the power to dispossess by military force, before trial of the case. Mr. W. said this appeared to him a principle too tyrannical for them to adopt at the present day—to authorise the President to send a military force to deprive a man of his property, without leaving him any mode of trying his right. This was the very last act, which ought in no case to be resorted to, till the civil laws had been found insufficient. Mr. W. said he did not know that any such power had been ever exercised in Great Britain, or in any other country where less freedom was enjoyed. The military force ought only to be called out when the civil force was insufficient. This was not the only objection he had to the bill. The citizen was rendered liable by it to imprisonment and punishment, without due course of law, notwithstanding all they had lately heard of trial by jury, and the seal manifested for it. More might be said, but at the time of the House was precious, he would forbear adding anything further.
Mr. D. R. WILLIAMS hoped the motion would not prevail; and for the very reasons urged by gentlemen. If the details are defective, let us get at the bill—if the principle is defective, that indeed may be a reason for postponement; but any defect in the detail may easily be corrected. Mr. W. said he could not but congratulate gentlemen on their returning sensibility for the constitution. When their feelings had been harrowed up on a recent occasion, gentlemen had felt no sensibility for the constitution; but when they came to the adoption of a bill, which went to affect Yazooism, all their sensibility was roused. Against this different course he protested. The gentleman from Massachusetts had observed there were not many intruders on the public lands, but surely he could not have read the papers even of his capital, or he must have recollected a proposition made in them to raise and march 10,000 men to take possession of the public lands. Would he in the face of such a fact say there was no danger? But, say gentlemen, you will deprive individuals of their rights. And what are they aiming at? Are they not endeavoring to deprive you of your rights? The fact, however, is, if these people do not trespass on the public lands they will not be affected by this law; and if they do, they ought to be affected by it. As to the application of military force, that is not a new principle; as under the administration of General Washington, it was found necessary to vest the power.
Mr. QUINCY. I did not mean to argue the details of the bill on this question—I merely stated certain considerations to show that it was not proper at this time to discuss the principles contained in the bill. And I ask gentlemen, whether from the temper which has been manifested, and the importance of the subject, it is possible to get through the bill during the present session? If gentlemen will sit still, and be as callous as they were lately, it may perhaps be carried through this session; but if it be properly discussed, it cannot. Gentlemen say we have no sensibility to constitutional questions, except on this occasion. On the subject, however, of Yazooism, I have not said a word. My remarks were general. I placed that and all other claims on the footing of the law. This bill applies to the whole of them.
Mr. EPPES hoped the motion to postpone would not prevail. If gentlemen were disposed to discuss the subject, he was ready to meet them, either on the question of postponement, or directly on the bill. The great objection is, that this is a violation of the constitution of the country—a violation of the right of property. But he asked gentlemen to show that the U. S. had not the power to forfeit the right of individuals to property, for the violation of an existing law. Was it not done every day in the case of the revenue laws; and whence did gentlemen draw a distinction between personal and real property? Why was it brandy forfeited, unless brought in demijohns of a particular size, but because the act was a violation of the laws of the country? Mr. E. said, he believed candor in every case was the best course, and he was ready to declare that he was for a bill to prevent men having claims founded in villainy and fraud from getting possession of the public lands. They had claims, and there was no tribunal before which they could be brought, unless they should by an act of violence oust themselves upon the public lands. They could not by any fair and direct means have their claims tried—it was only by
a violation of law that they could be brought before the courts. The plain question then is, whether you will sanction a violation of law, in order to extend to them this privilege? The principle of using military force against intruders on public land was not without precedent. Mr. E. said, if he was not mistaken, it had been practised in New York by the present Vice-President. He had no hesitation in saying that he would use the bayonet against any lawless banditti of intruders.
Mr. N. WILLIAMS observed that he had not said this measure was forbidden by the constitution. He had not examined that point: He had only said that the measure was tyrannical, which rendered it sufficiently objectionable. As to the measure alluded to, it presented a very different case from the present. Certain persons had taken possession of the lands of the Indians, on whose application coercion had been applied to remove them.
Mr. GREGG said all the remarks of gentlemen applied to the details of the bill, and therefore furnished no argument for a postponement. The gentleman from Massachusetts seemed to consider the temper of the House too much excited to go on with the business; but so far as related to himself, Mr. G. said he was as cool as ever had been, or could be on any subject. The bill was not limited to any particular case, but applied to all the public lands of the U. S. Would gentlemen for the purpose of aiding and abetting certain individuals in their claims, sacrifice all the other public lands? Without saying whether this bill was perfect or not, he was willing to declare his readiness, to use the strong arm of the government to keep off intruders; and though he was generally against an increase of the army, he was willing in this instance, in case it should be thought necessary, to augment it. He believed some such measure as the present would be an act of justice to the government, and of charity and mercy to the intruders.
The question was then taken by yeas and nays on the indefinite postponement of the bill—Yeas 43—Nays 68—as follows:
YEAS.—Messrs. Barker, Betton, Bidwell, Chandler, Chittenden, Cook, Cutts, Dana, Darby, Davenport, jun. Elliot, Elmer, Ely, Hastings, Helms, Hough, Kelly, Knight, Lewis, jun. Lyon, Mac Farland, Mosely, J. Nelson, Olin, Pitken, jun. Quincy, Russell, Saily, Schueman, Seaver, Southard, Stanton, Stedman, Taggart, Tallmadge, Tenney, D. Thomas, T. W. Thompson, Tracy, Van Rensselaer, Wadsworth, Wickes, and N. Williams.
NAYS.—Messrs. Alexander, Alston, jun. Anderson, Archer, Bard, Bassett, Bedinger, Bibb, Blake, jun. Blount, Brown, Burwell, Butler, G. W. Campbell, Claiborne, M. Clay, Clopton, Conrad, Covington, Dawson, Earle, Eppes, Findley, Fisk, Garnett, Gregg, Green, Halsey, Hamilton, Holland, Holmes, Jones, Kenan, Lambert, Lloyd, Magruder, Marion, Masters, McCreery, N. R. Moore, T. Moore, Jer. Morrow, John Morrow, R. Nelson, Pugh, J. Randolph, Rea of Penn. Rhea of Tenn. Richards, Sammons, Sandford, Sloan, Smelt, Smilie, J. Smith, S. Smith, Stanford, P. R. Thompson, Van Cortlandt, Varnum, J. Whitehill, R. Whitehill, D. R. Williams, M. Williams, Wilson, Winn, Winston, and Wynns.
Mr. EPPES said he hoped the House would negative all the amendments proposed to the bill and pass it without them.
The amendments proposed by the committee on the public lands principally went to except the Mississippi and Indiana territories from some of the provisions of the bill. They were all disagreed to, without any debate of importance, by large majorities.
Mr. QUINCY moved to strike out the following part of the first section of the bill. "Such offender or offenders shall forfeit all his or their right, title and claim, if any he hath, or they have, of whatsoever nature or kind the same shall or may be, to the lands aforesaid, which he or they shall have taken possession of or settled, or caused to be occupied, taken possession of or settled, or which he or they shall have surveyed, or attempted to survey, or caused to be surveyed, or the boundaries thereof, he or they shall have designated, or caused to be designated, by marking trees or otherwise."
He said so far as this section went to provide against trespassers, it was unnecessary; and so far as it went to operate against persons having rights to land, it was unconstitutional. So far as respected the former, the arm of the law was sufficiently strong, and they might be removed by its ordinary process. It was not contended that this law was meant to apply against them—it would be absurd to say so when they alleged no rights. The truth was, this was a general law, made to suit a particular case. This had been acknowledged by the gentleman from Virginia. Mr. Q. said he believed no man would contend, that were it not for that case, such a law would pass. He believed making a general law for par-
ticular cases, unusual and unconstitutional.
Mr. Q. here recapitulated the constitutional objections which he before urged.
He observed that the gentleman from South Carolina had referred to a law passed in the year 1799, which prevented any settlement within the Indian boundaries. Could any gentleman compare that case with this? In that case a treaty had been made between the U. S. and the Indians, one of the provisions of which prevented any citizen from going within the Indian boundary. Mr. Q. said he would use but one other argument, which was that this law would be a mere nullity. If individuals wished to try their title, as soon as the military attempted to remove them, the courts of justice would interfere; and this would decide the question of title, which gentlemen seemed afraid to meet.
Mr. DAWSON said, the gentleman from Massachusetts had quoted a law passed in 1799—this was not the law referred to—out one which had been passed in 1804, and which was precisely in point.
Mr. QUINCY said, his reply to this information was, that the law read related to the Louisiana territory. He hoped that the laws passed relating to that territory would not be made to apply to the old U. S.—if it was unconstitutional, it was a nullity; and if they had passed one unconstitutional law, it was no reason for passing another.
Mr. HASTINGS took it that the law read was not in point. If he had heard it correctly read, punishment was only to ensue on conviction, which must previously take place in a regular course of law.
Mr. SLOAN only rose to observe that he hoped the course suggested by the gentleman from Massachusetts would be adopted—that the House would decide on this subject by a silent vote. He was as much against precipitate measures as any member on the floor, but it was well known that this subject had been discussed at large for the four past sessions; and he believed there was not a member in the House that was not acquainted with it. He hoped therefore the friends of the bill, of which he was one, would take a silent vote and not go into the discussion of constitutional questions at a period when it was impossible to find time.
Mr. HOLLAND said he considered the part of the bill proposed to be struck out, as unconstitutional. What would be its effect? Were they not putting the people under a military government, rendering them liable to be removed by military force, and their property, without trial, to be vested in the U. S. He asked gentlemen, if they were prepared to go these lengths? Was it not a privilege guaranteed by the constitution, that no person should be divested of rights, but by a jury trial? He hoped gentlemen were not prepared to go this extreme length to effect a particular purpose, and to decide in this peremptory manner. He hoped they would merely consider the bill, before they enacted a law so hostile to the constitution. Suppose you pass it, said Mr. Holland, is it in your power to carry it into effect? Suppose a marshal should arrest one of these individuals—will he not get a writ of Habeas Corpus? The judges will not regard it more than a dead letter.
Mr. LYON supported the motion to strike out.
On which the question was taken by Yeas and Nays—Yeas 35—Nays 54—as follows:
YEAS.—Messrs. Barker, Betton, Bidwell, Chandler, Chittenden, Cook, Cutts, Darby, Davenport, jun. Elliot, Ely, Findley, Fisk, Fowler, Goldsborough, Halsey, Hastings, Helms, Holland, Kelly, Knight, Lyon, Pitken, jun. Quincy, Russell, Saily, Southard, Stedman, Taggart, Tallmadge, D. Thomas, Varnum, Wadsworth, Wickes, and N. Williams.
NAYS.—Messrs. Alexander, Anderson, Archer, Bard, Bassett, Bedinger, Bibb, Blake, jun. Blount, Brown, Burwell, Butler, Claiborne, M. Clay, Clopton, Dawson, Earle, Eppes, Garnett, Goodwyn, Green, Hamilton, Holmes, Kenan, Lambert, Lloyd, Magruder, Marion, Masters, McCreery, N. R. Moore, T. Moore, J. Morrow, R. Nelson, Pugh, J. Randolph, Rea of Penn. Richards, Sammons, Sandford, Sloan, Smelt, Smilie, J. Smith, S. Smith, Stanford, P. R. Thompson, J. Whitehill, R. Whitehill, D. R. Williams, M. Williams, Winn, Winston and Wynns.
Mr. QUINCY offered the following proviso to the first section:
"Provided also, That nothing in this act shall prevent any person claiming title to any such lands under or by virtue of an act or grant of any state, from peaceably entering thereon, for the purpose of being enabled thereon, by or pursuant to a judicial decision at law, or in equity, the validity of the title so claimed."
Mr. QUINCY said he made this motion, because he considered this section as no more or less than levelled at the judiciary. If the U. S. won that his vote might be recorded, he would ask for the yeas and nays.
Mr. GOLDSBOROUGH would merely observe that he believed the most correct policy was to preserve the lands of the U. S. in the exact situation in which they were. He was opposed to the principle of forfeiture, as going too far against the claimants. He was also against this provision, as interfering to operate in their favor. Until a final decision, he hoped the business would rest as it then stood.
Mr. QUINCY said it was not his object to do any thing to favor these claims. His only object was to preserve to them the rights they already possessed.
The question was then taken by yeas and nays on the proviso—Yeas 30—Nays 64, as follows:
YEAS.—Messrs. Barker, Betton, Bidwell, Chandler, Chittenden, Cook, Cutts, Davenport, jun. Elliot, Elmer, Ely, Findley, Fisk, Fowler, Green, Hastings, Hough, Knight, J. Nelson, Quincy, Russell, Schueman, Stanton, Stedman, Taggart, Tallmadge, Tenney, T. W. Thompson, Wickes, and N. Williams.
NAYS.—Messrs. Alexander, Alston, jun. Anderson, Archer, Bard, Bassett, Bedinger, Bibb, Blake, jun. Blount, Brown, Burwell, Butler, G. W. Campbell, Claiborne, M. Clay, Clinton, jun. Clopton, Conrad, Covington, Darby, Dawson, Earle, Eppes, Garnett, Goldsborough, Goodwyn, Hamilton, Holmes, Jackson, Jones, Kelly, Kenan, Lambert, Lloyd, Magruder, Marion, Masters, McCreery, N. R. Moore, T. Moore, R. Nelson, Pugh, J. Randolph, Rea, (Penn.) Richards, Saily, Sandford, Sloan, Smelt, Smilie, J. Smith, S. Smith, Southard, Stanford, P. R. Thompson, Varnum, J. Whitehill, R. Whitehill, D. R. Williams, M. Williams, Winn, Winston, and Wynns.
Mr. LATTIMORE offered a new section relative to some claims in the Mississippi Territory, which he observed did not go to affect the principle of the bill. This section was disagreed to—Yeas 29—Nays 49.
Mr. FISK said, that rather than have such a principle introduced into the laws of the U. S. as was contained in this bill, he would prefer seeing all the Yazoo and sunk in the sea. He had no idea of seeing the rights to property tried at the point of the bayonet. He had often heard the Yazoo represented as a wicked business—he believed it was such; but he had ever hoped that the judiciary would not be affected by it. This was nothing more or less than providing by an armed force to turn men off from the land they occupy, and to deprive them of their rights, if they had any. If they had no rights, it was unnecessary to introduce such a principle into the bill; and if they had, they were to be divested of them by an armed force, without a trial by jury. He would ask if this were constitutional? He would ask gentlemen where were the feelings, which they had recently displayed for the rights of the people, who had sent them here? He wished gentlemen to recollect the maxim they had laid down, that it was immaterial who were the persons affected, the rights were the same, and their invasion as dangerous in the person of the lowest wretch, as in that of the most exalted character. Mr. F. said he was decidedly against the bill, and should vote for its rejection.
The bill was immediately read the third time.
Mr. LYON spoke against its passage.
When the question was taken on its passage by yeas and nays—Yeas 57—Nays 44, as follows:
YEAS.—Messrs. Alexander, Alston, jun. Anderson, Archer, Bard, Bassett, Bedinger, Bibb, Blake, jun. Blount, Brown, Burwell, Butler, Claiborne, M. Clay, Dawson, Earle, Eppes, Garnett, Goodwyn, Gregg, Hamilton, Holmes, Jones, Kenan, Lambert, Lloyd, Magruder, Marion, Masters, McCreery, N. R. Moore, T. Moore, R. Nelson, Porter, Pugh, J. Randolph, Rea, (Penn.) Richards, Sammons, Sandford, Sloan, Smelt, Smilie, J. Smith, Stanford, P. R. Thompson, Trigg, Van Cortlandt, J. Whitehill, R. Whitehill, D. R. Williams, M. Williams, Wilson, Winn, Winston, and Wynns.
NAYS.—Messrs. Barker, Betton, Bidwell, Chandler, Chittenden, Cook, Cutts, Dana, Darby, Davenport, jun. Elliot, Elmer, Ely, Findley, Fisk, Fowler, Goldsborough, Green, Hastings, Helms, Holland, Hough, Knight, Lewis, jun. Lyon, J. R. Morrow, Mr. Y. Morrow, J. Nelson, Olin, Pitken, jun. Quincy, Russell, Saily, Schueman, Southard, Stanton, Stedman, Tallmadge, Tenney, D. Thomas, T. W. Thompson, Wickes, and N. Williams.
MONDAY EVENING.
The House resolved itself into a committee of the whole, on the bill making provision for carrying into effect the Chikasa treaty.
Having agreed to strike out the following provision, the committee rose and reported the bill.
Sec. 3. And be it further enacted, That if any person shall make, or attempt to make, a settlement on any of the lands thus ceded by the Chikasa

The policy of encouraging American manufactures has, in a considerable degree, occupied the public attention since the era of our independence. This enquiry can never be unseasonable. At the present period it is peculiarly important. The systematic conduct of foreign nations towards us is such as to forbid the hope that they will for any length of time hereafter permit our commerce to pass unobstructed on the ocean. In proportion to the rapidity of its growth will, it is but too probable, be their depredation and outrage. Having ceased to respect justice, interest is their God, in the lawless pursuit of which their cupidity will rise with the greatness of the prize that excites it. To avoid the most serious injury, but two alternatives offer themselves. We must cover the ocean with a naval force that will make us feared and respected; or, we must foster a development of our internal resources and thereby render ourselves in the highest attainable degree independent of foreign nations. The first is the course, which has been invariably pursued by every nation, except one, which has been established before us; and it is the course which is still pursued by every nation with which we have commercial intercourse. Had it invariably or generally rendered these nations respectable; had it established their independence, built up their prosperity, and spread gladness and plenty through the various classes of society, the example might perhaps deservedly challenge our imitation. It would certainly merit our patient and serious examination. Unfortunately, however, the condition of all these nations is such, that our interest would seem to dictate a systematic avoidance of the course of conduct which has fatally led them to it. What is Europe but a glowing picture of tyranny and misery in their worst states? We talk of Asiatic slavery—but it is comparable to that which pervades the civilised nations of Europe? Amidst the universal gloom and ignorance of uncivilised regions, the fetters of slavery are light compared to those which are imposed on minds accustomed to prize the blessings and comforts of freedom. He who has never tasted of the joys of liberty may be contented with his debased condition; but how intolerable is the weight of those chains which bow down to an inglorious and premature grave the free-born spirit, which once enjoyed brighter days? If a correct estimate be made of the relative happiness of those who inhabit the civilised countries of Europe, and of those who are the subjects of ancient despotisms, we shall, it is feared, be compelled to allow that more misery is the lot of the former than of the latter; and as to happiness, so far from being the possession, it is scarcely the dream of their most elated hours. Whatever administers to happiness is accumulated in the hands of a monarch or an aristocracy that surrounds him, whose riotous indulgence and prodigal waste necessarily produce the penury, if not the famine of whole nations. The immiseration of these men, either for power or lucre, not satisfied with the highest and most absurd distinctions in their own country, or with a monopoly of the whole wealth of a community, unsheath the sword of foreign war in pursuit of a glory still more absurd and hollow. The unoffending multitude are forced into the ranks, or hurried into fleets, to murder or be murdered; for the wars of tyranny and injustice deserve not a milder epithet. The picture has not yet received its darkest tints. Either one, or a few nations swallow up all the rest. Are there in Europe now more than two independent powers? All the other nations are in a state of vassalage. Shall we then pursue the example of these nations? Shall we embody large armies? Shall we equip gigantic navies? Shall we, setting at defiance every dictate of wisdom, every mandate of nature, rush into their wars, become participants of their quarrels, and imitators of their policy? If we do, the days of our glory are gone! In vain has the sword of liberty been drawn! In vain has the best blood of our citizens flowed! In vain have our illustrious statesmen devoted their lives to the establishment and maintenance of liberty! In vain do the vast waters of the Atlantic divide us from an old and corrupted world! A vast gulph is before us. Once embarked on its mad waves, we shall share the fate of all the other nations that have gone before us. Our only safety lies in shunning it. If it then be our determination to shun the example of other nations, but one course is left for us to pursue, which is to foster a development of our internal resources, thereby rendering ourselves in the highest attainable degree independent of foreign nations. Our internal resources may be divided into three classes; 1. those which flow from agriculture; 2. those which flow from internal commerce; and 3. those which flow from manufactures. On the importance of the first we are all agreed. The magnitude of the two last has not been duly appreciated. The best way, perhaps, of treating this subject, and of inducing the concurrence of the reader in the sentiments of the writer, will be to establish the accuracy of the leading position on which the course of reasoning pursued will depend. First, then, I shall assume it as a fact that in the United States, the whole amount of external commerce is trading
it will be a damning fact among all honest men.
Mr. JACKSON. When I hear such principles as those which have fallen from my colleague preached on this floor, I deem it my duty not to pass them unnoticed. I do protest against the assumption of judicial power by the legislature, or of any power which shall prevent the courts of justice from deciding on the claims of individuals. My colleague says, when the opinion of Congress shall have been deliberately expressed, he will impeach the Judge who shall oppose it. But I will ask if the opinion of Congress has been deliberately expressed in this case? It has not been, and cannot be. Gentlemen have been carried from the sober and reflecting ground of their judgment, I do consider the Judiciary the great safeguard of the citizen, against the legislature and executive, if they attempt to overstep the powers conferred on them by the constitution. I will put the case of the passage of an ex post facto law, under which a man declared by the judiciary to have certain rights is divested of them by an act of the legislature. Will not the judiciary be permitted in such a case to pronounce the law unconstitutional without the dread of an impeachment? Yes, I trust they will; and if they shall not have virtue enough to do so, I for one will be ready to say they deserve to be removed from office. Though I believe it right to pass proper laws for preventing intrusions on the public lands, yet I think it unnecessary to pass laws upon laws, all having the same effect, on the hypothesis that the executive may not sign the bill we have already sent him. Will you try a man under two laws for the same offence? I will never consent to such an absurdity or tyranny—to suffering him to be tried under one law, and if the jury acquits him, ordering him to be then tried under another. I will never agree to such an unjust course of procedure.
Mr. M. WILLIAMS, though in favor of the bill passed this morning, was against this section, as the latter did not inflict so great a penalty as the former. The two distinct provisions appeared to him to involve an absurdity. Nor was there the least reason, in his opinion, to be so jealous as to suppose that the act passed in the morning would not go into operation. He was willing to adopt strong measures to prevent an intrusion on the public lands, but when it was proposed to go such absurd lengths, he should be opposed to it.
The question was then taken on striking out the section, and carried—Ayes 55. The bill was then read a third time and passed.
PROPOSALS
FOR PUBLISHING BY WILLIAM DUANE, NO. 166, Market Street, Philadelphia, TWO EDITIONS OF POLITICS FOR FARMERS AND MECHANICS, CORRECTED & ENLARGED.
ONE Edition shall be printed on superior paper, and delivered in Boards at 75 cents, if 500 are subscribed for—at 60 cents if 1000—at 50 cents, if 2000 copies—if required to be bound 25 cents additional.
The other shall be a Cheap edition, in pamphlet form, and the price shall be proportioned to the number subscribed for—25 cents a copy for any number under 1000—and 20 cents for any number above 2000—15 cents for any number above 3000 and the usual allowance to booksellers.
Lookers-on, printers and country storekeepers throughout the U States, are desired to forward to the Aurora Editor, as soon as possible, the number of each edition, they will subscribe for.
Both editions shall be put to press, as soon as a sufficient number of subscribers to either edition is procured to pay the expense of printing.
Different Reviews of this Work. The Northampton Farmer a Republican paper, says—“We feel particular gratification that the Editor of the Aurora, in consequence of the pressing solicitations from different parts of the Union, intends to publish the Politics for Farmers and Mechanics, in the pamphlet form. When this is done every farmer will be enabled (and no one ought to neglect it) to procure a copy of this valuable and highly interesting work.”
From Lang's Royal Gazette, published at New York
“The late atrocious and piratical decree of Bonaparte is a complete comment on the writings of Duane for some time past, particularly on those accursed pieces, entitled, ‘Politics for Farmers.’ The American that would now presume to deny that this man is an agent of the tyrant of France, ought to be held up as an object of general suspicion. The striking coincidence between this outrageous attack upon the very vitals of our country, and the poisonous doctrines of the Aurora, in preparing the preponderating interests (the agriculturalists) of the U States, for their servile reception, is too obvious to escape the most unthinking. It cannot now be denied that there was a preconceived plan between Duane and his Gallic masters to prepare the public mind of this country to swallow without a murmur this deleterious pill—this direful snare at our highest interests. If Congress does not show a becoming spirit on this occasion, then indeed has the execrable agents of Napoleon but too fatally succeeded in scattering the fire brands of diffension and luring us into their fell thares. It would seem that the Aurora fore-saw, or rather was foretold of the profligate slandering measures of the emperor of France against this country; and to keep down our spirit, and lay prostrate our energies, he has for some time past been laboriously and wickedly employed in making the farmers feel hostility to the brethren of the cities, striving to persuade them that their interests were distinct from those of the merchants; as if what deeply affected the one, did not directly injure the other.”
finish the Indian title to those lands without an accompanying provision to prevent any lawless attempts to rob the people of their patrimony.
Mr. SLOAN. I will not take up the time of the House in stating possible occurrences, although I might suppose that an earthquake would sink us before the hour of adjournment. I rise only to notice the observation of the gentleman that those opposed to the other bill are in favor of striking out this section. I was a zealous friend of that bill, but I hope the laws of the U. S. will not be turned into ridicule. I will suppose a plain case. I will suppose a state to pass a general law for the punishment of a crime throughout the state, and another law, with different penalties, for punishing it in a particular county—would not that be absurd? I think the law passed in the morning is sufficient, and I hope we shall never so depart from the principles of justice, as to point the finger of scorn at a particular part of the country.
Mr. HOLLAND said he would not be opposed to preventing by proper laws, persons from settling on the public lands; but so cautious were all laws that respected the rights of individuals, even where there was only a color of title, and so cautious had been the people in the state which he represented, that no power existed to remove a man but through a court of law. He thought the same course ought to be pursued by the U. S. and that the rights of individuals ought not to be prejudged by the legislature of the union, who ought in such cases to be particularly careful not to encroach on the powers of the judiciary.
Mr. QUINCY rose to make a single observation. He should say nothing of the general principle contained in it, but he took the object of this section to be no other than to coerce the executive; for the gentleman from Virginia had told them that if they passed this provision, this bill would still be under their direction, if the executive did not approve the general law. Suppose the executive should reject that bill but for the fear of losing this; would gentlemen pretend to say that this was a proper course for the legislature to pursue?
Mr. SMILEY said he had several objections to this provision. He should however state but one. He should never agree to punish the same offence with different punishments.
Mr. ALSTON. I am sorry to take up the time of the House; but when I hear principles contended for so injurious to the state which I have the honor to represent I cannot remain silent. It has been the great wish of the people of that state for several years past to get the Indian titles extinguished, to which effect we have received repeated instructions. This is the land which North Carolina considered as belonging to her before the formation of this government, and since the whole delegation has year after year waited on the President to obtain an extinguishment of the Indian title. Now, after this object has been effected, it is proposed to clog it with a provision which cannot fail to defeat it. Last year a similar provision was sent to the Senate, who in consequence of it rejected the bill. We find to-day the representatives from Tennessee and N. Carolina voting for the bill passed this morning that they might insure the passage of this bill. Nothing could have induced me to vote for that bill but this consideration. Does not that bill contain sufficient penalties to guard against intrusions on the public lands? Mr. Alston said, when he saw the small majority by which the bill passed this morning had passed the Senate, he was persuaded, if this provision were introduced in this bill, it would not receive the approbation of that body.
Mr. EPPS. I would not wish to oppose the report of the committee if I supposed a non-concurrence with it would jeopardise the bill. But if an opinion of the sense of the House could be formed from their proceedings of this day, I must be led to infer that a majority was disposed to take such measures as would be calculated to prevent an illegal settlement of the public lands by persons of this description. As to the doctrine of the gentleman from N. Carolina that no legislative body ought to undertake to settle the rights of citizens, I require him to shew how by this law the rights of citizens are settled. The act has only undertaken to punish a crime. Was this a decision of right? If a question of right comes forward, will not this law go before the court? It is true the court must either declare a forfeiture, or declare this act unconstitutional. After this decision I will have no hesitation to exercise my constitutional right of impeachment. So far as I may be concerned, I shall be willing to exercise the constitutional corrective, and to remove the man from office who dares to exercise such an authority. By this act both sides will be put on the same footing—there will be no party in possession. If the individuals who claim these lands were in possession of them they would have an advantage over the public. I consider this House as much bound to protect the public land as the public money, and we shall not deserve the public confidence if we do not guard the one as effectually as the other. I believe if a man settles on the public lands he may be punished under both laws. I shall therefore vote for both, as I believe in such a case we cannot be too rigid; or the legislature too rigid in expressing their indignation. Let it be recollected that these people derived their rights from a corrupt legislature—that there was but one individual, Robert Watkins, of that legislature, that was not bribed. This is a fact, and while it is remembered,
wars another act should be passed punishing him with fine and imprisonment, he would undoubtedly incur all the penalties. If however the bill which we have passed, shall to-morrow become a law, which it is almost certain that it will, then this provision may be amended, or changed, or modified by the other branch of the legislature. But should there, notwithstanding, be no necessity for two punishments for the same offence, it would be competent, I presume, for the attorney of the district to indict under either law. I wish, however, the House to recollect, that I disclaim all professional knowledge of law—a little knowledge on this subject is a dangerous thing—and from all evils defend me from little lawyers.
Mr. FISK. The gentleman thinks the attorney may indict under either law. After the remarks we have heard from him, he need not tell us that he knows little of law. What will be the effect of this act, if this provision is retained? Will equal justice be rendered to all men? One man will be punished for the same offence in a particular way under one law; and in a different way under another. If this is justice, I have been eternally in the dark, and I acknowledge my ignorance. One law is not a supplement to the other, but they are both supreme. The point is too ridiculous for argument.
Mr. ALEXANDER said, that every reason which had induced the House to adopt the bill passed in the morning, operated with equal force to retain this section. He should therefore vote against striking it out.
Mr. BIBB said, that a short time having only elapsed since he had taken his seat in the House, he had not intended thus early to have taken a part in debate; but as this was a subject on which his own feelings were much interested, & in which the interests of his constituents were deeply involved, he should submit a few observations, the object of which would be to show that there was no absurdity in the section under consideration. It was true they had passed a general law respecting intrusions on the public lands, but they might now think it proper to pass a particular law relative to particular cases, to make the punishment of settling on these lands greater than for settling on the other lands of the U. S. Whence this necessity? They knew that these lands were pretended to be claimed by a large body of men, headed by persons high in authority. The punishment under the general law only provided for removal, and for a forfeiture of the property. He believed these penalties would not deter these people from intruding on the lands they claim. His object was, in case they make such intrusion contrary to law, to put them in gaol and keep them there. It was however said that these two laws would come in conflict with each other. But he could see no difficulty on this score, as the one was general, and the other particular in its application. In this instance, therefore, the decision must be under that act which is particularly applicable to this case.
Mr. BIDWELL. Suppose both acts go into effect—this is not an additional punishment for the same offence. It applies to the same land as the other law, and punishes the act as a distinct offence. The same person is liable to be punished under both acts for the same offence. It appears to me, in whatever light gentlemen view the offence, it would be a violation of justice to subject a person to two different trials for the same thing.
Mr. J. RANDOLPH said he had wanted, contrary to his inclination, to get this treaty carried into effect. As soon as it was passed, he should go home. His friend from Georgia, had stated a strong reason for retaining this section, to wit, that the people against whom it was intended to guard were without any species of right. A little reflection, said Mr. R. would have enabled me to see, that the gentleman from Vermont and other gentlemen are on this occasion only laboring in their vocation. It did not strike me that those gentlemen opposed the bill we passed in the morning. Had this circumstance occurred to me, I should have suffered the thing to take the same course it did before. I will however, call the attention of the House to the Wyoming case. What did Pennsylvania in that instance do? She tampered and applied palliatives, till the people bullied her out of the land. The same thing took place in Ohio—a number of people went there and set down on the public lands, and they continued their applications until they found a Congress disposed to come into their views, to take a million of acres from the public and give to them. I venture to say that if it depends on mere quibble, the Yazoo people can shew a more colorable claim, (though I contend they have no claim) to botch up their demands, than the people of New York or the Connecticut Reserve, who did not pretend to shew even a royal grant, or even a shred of parchment, and yet they got the land. How did they get it? In the same way that the Yazoo people will get this land, unless some such act as this is passed; for I am of opinion, since my friend from Georgia has spoken, that the act passed this morning will not be a sufficient remedy. The real springs of this business are here, at New York and at Boston. The miserable creatures who set down on these lands will under the law we have passed only forfeit their leases. I do think the observations of my friend from Georgia have great weight, and if the law passed this morning were in the office of the Secretary of state, I should still be for this provision. I think the case calls for strict legislative attention; and I hope the House will never agree to ex-
rokees and Chickasaws, and lying within the Mississippi territory, or shall be authorized to do by the surveyor of the public lands, south of Tennessee, to survey such lands, or designate boundaries by marking trees or otherwise, such offence shall, on conviction thereof in any court of record of the United States, or of any of the territories of the same, forfeit a sum not less than dollars, nor exceeding dol- lars and suffer imprisonment for a term not less than months, nor exceeding years: and that moreover be lawful for the President of the United States, and he is hereby required to employ such military force as he may judge necessary to remove from the said lands any person who shall make or attempt to make any settlement as aforesaid: Provided, that nothing herein contained shall affect persons making settlement on lands purchased from the United States in conformity with the preceding section of this act.
The question of concurrence with the committee having been put,
Mr. J. RANDOLPH hoped the House would not agree to concur; and for a reason which he did suppose would strike every member. It was true that a law had passed the two Houses, that would fully provide for the general case of intrusions on the public lands; but which he understood was disavowed by gentlemen to have been passed for a particular case. Admit that it was passed for a particular case, and suppose it meets that case, yet it has only passed the two Houses of Congress—it is not a law—it is competent to the Executive to put his negative upon it. I do not mean to say, said Mr. R. that this is, probably, but this House ought never to consent to pass a law covering the Yazoo claims, without accompanying the appropriation with some similar provision, to put it out of the power of either branch of the government to defeat the manifest intentions of this House. If the President had notified to us that the act we had passed was a law, then the suggestions we have heard urged would be proper. But what would be the situation of the House, if the bill passed this morning should be returned with the negative of the President; and if this act, without this provision, had in the mean time passed the House? When I say this I do not mean to insinuate the least probability of a negative, but it becomes the House to be true to themselves and the nation, and not to neglect their duty, under the idea of others doing their duty. The Senate, I am now advised, are electing a President pro tempore. It might happen that the President and Vice President should both die to-night; the President pro tempore would then be the Executive. This is no probable, but possible; & it becomes us so to do, that nothing which can occur shall be able to defeat our purpose.
Mr. FISK said, if he were disposed to render the proceedings of the House perfectly ridiculous, he would agree to the proposition of the gentleman from Virginia. They had already passed a bill to prohibit persons from intruding on the public lands, which inflicted a different punishment from that contained in this bill. If the bill passed in its present shape, which law would govern? The bill we have passed forfeits the property, while this does not forfeit it, but imposes a different penalty. Would the court inflict one or both the punishments. One error produces another, & the moment one false step is taken, the more a man blunders he is involved in difficulty.
Mr. J. RANDOLPH said, he could not conceive the argumentum ad absurdum in the same light with the gentleman from Vermont. It might be from some natural defect, or from the fatigue, of attending ten or twelve hours a day, his mind was clouded. But no proposition appeared to him clearer than this—that if the House meant that the lands in the four of Georgia settlements should never be opened for settlement, unless accompanied by a law for the punishment of intruders, then they ought to retain this section—there was no laborious necessity for carrying the Chickasaw treaty into effect, though he was willing on proper terms to make provision for it; but the same reason that induced them to refuse appropriations the last session until removed, ought to have the same effect this session. If gentlemen would show that a bill in an inchoate state had the force of a law, the arguments urged against this provision would be correct; but this cannot be done. Ought you to legislate on a subject of this nature, on an uncertainty, when a certainty can be obtained? Will any man say, that that is as certain which has not taken place, as that which has? It is not certain that a bill passed by the two Houses will become a law. I recollect when a boy attending in the lobby, when a bill for apportioning representatives came from Gen. Washington, with his reasons of dissent, and that it was actually rejected by the two Houses. What happened in that instance may happen again—may possibly happen. No man can deny this. We ought therefore to guard against such a possibility. I have no objection to strike out this section, provided gentlemen agree to insert the provisions of the bill we have passed. If the bill passes in its present shape, it will at best be a work of supererogation. If one law punishes by fine and imprisonment, and the other by a forfeiture of the property, I do suppose the intruder would incur both the penalties. Suppose for smuggling, a man should be subject by one act to a forfeiture of the property, and after-

With the whole amount of the... in other words, that... produce raised is easily... to that which is exported to... foreign markets, or to those... which are received in exchange. This will... appear evident when it is considered... that the whole domestic exports of the... United States do not exceed forty two... millions, and the consumed imports a... like sum; while our whole consumption... cannot be estimated at a lower amount... than five hundred millions. The one... consequently is scarcely a twentieth part... of the other.
Secondly, that we have within our... country all the raw materials necessary... for carrying on the most extensive in-... ternal intercourse and the manufacture... of every essential article. This no one... will dispute.
Thirdly, that our capital is not too... large for the pursuit of these objects, to... the exclusion of a great foreign trade... carried on by it.
Fourthly, that our independence as... a nation, in a political as well as a pecu-... niary view, would be promoted by a... development of our internal resources.
Fifthly, that fewer lives would be... lost, if the men now employed in foreign... navigation were engaged in inland in-... tercourse or domestic manufactures. The... number of seamen in the United... States is seventy thousand. Consider-... ing the hardships and perils of the sea... a fifth part more of the same may be com-... puted annually to die than of those em-... ployed on land.
Sixthly, that in proportion to the re-... lative diminution of foreign commerce... would be the diminution of the unpro-... ductive and the increase of the produc-... tive members of the community.
Seventhly, that the employment of a... portion of our citizens in mechanical... who are now engaged in agricultural... pursuits, would, at the same time that... it diminished our demand for foreign... fabrics reduce the surplus production... of agriculture, as there would be fewer... raisers while there remained the same... number of consumers of agricultural... products; and that the necessary effect... of this diminution of surplus production... would be its ad valorem increase, in a... degree, perhaps, that would, in the... result of profit, more than counterbal-... ance the effect that would otherwise... flow from the diminished aggregate... mass. For let it be recollected, that... as our surplus productions almost en-... tirely consist in raw materials essential... to the manufactures of Europe, they... could no longer dispense with them... than in the degree in which we should... manufacture the same articles for our-... selves. From the relative value of... raw and manufactured articles, the fab-... rics made out of any quantity of the... former are worth at least, on an av-... erage, ten times as much. Consequent-... ly, our manufacturing for ourselves... would only diminish the foreign demand... for our raw materials one tenth part of... the value of the whole quantity so manu-... factured.
Eighthly, that in proportion to the... great number of foreign vessels in our... ports at any one time, and the small... number of our own vessels in foreign... ports, would be our security against the... injustice of foreign nations.
(To be continued.)
TO THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES. SIR, THE people of the western country... have been often charged with disaffec-... tion to the union. We have declined no-... ticing in a public manner such a charge... confiding, that the occurrence of events... and the lapse of time would restore us... to our just character with our Atlantic... brethren. But at a crisis like the pre-... sent, when as far as the public can learn... an enterprize of dangerous tendency... to our union or peace, is progressing;... we consider it due to our honor and to... the public tranquility to stand forth... and acquit ourselves as patriots and as... true Americans. To you, Sir, as the... chief and representative of our nation... we do declare ourselves sincerely attach-... ed to our government and American... brethren and to the present union and... configuration; and solemnly assure you... that all insinuations to the contrary, are... utterly calumnious—and that we view... with the utmost abhorrence all expedi-... tions or enterprizes carried on without... the order of government; and in every... possible shape, deprecate the idea of a dis-... union from our sister states.
At a meeting of citizens of Ohio... county at Hartford, on the day of the... county court, it was resolved unani-... mously, that the foregoing address be... signed by Mr. Benj Field, our chair-... man, on behalf of this meeting and for-... warded to the President of the United... States.
BENJ. FIELD. 9th February, 1807. Attest HENRY DAVIDGE } Secretaries. J. H. DAVEISS }
JOHN LANGDON is re-elected gover-... nor of New Hampshire, almost unani-... mously. The federalists did not even... propose any candidate in opposition. No... state in the union is more uniformly re-... publican and free from the agitation and... bustle of party, than New Hampshire. The political contest which was former-... ly extremely warm in that state, is... nearly subsided. N. Y. Paper.
Alexandria, April 8. The congressional election for the... district composed of the counties of... Prince William, Loudoun and Fairfax... commenced on Monday last at Dum-...
ries, the following is the result in... Prince William. For Littlejohn 161 Lewis 81 Majority 70 Alexander Dade and Stephen French... were chosen delegates to the General... Assembly.
COMMUNICATION. It is reported, and we are sorry to... say, that the fact appears indisputable... that col. Aaron Burr and the Chief Jus-... tice of the U. States, dined together at... Mr. Wickham's, since his examination... and since his honor had himself solemn-... ly decided that there were probable... grounds to believe him guilty of a high... misdemeanor against the U. S. We... acknowledge that the rites of hospitality... ought not to be refused to this unfor-... tunate gentleman by those who be-... lieve him innocent; but confess our... astonishment that men, whose intel-... lects are so penetrating as those of Mr.... Wickham and Mr. Marshall, did not... perceive the extreme indecency and... impropriety of such respect being paid... by the Judge, who is to sit hereaf-... ter on his trial, and who, by his own... opinion, officially pronounced, had affixed... a stigma on his character, which can... only be wiped off by his future acquit-... tal. Virginia Argus.
American Brewing.—It is establish-... ed by fair and successful experiments... that a bright, pale and delightful ale... can be manufactured from the Indian... corn (or maize) of the United States.—... These trials have been actually made... by a capital brewing house of this city. Our ability to supply ourselves with a... most agreeable and wholesome malt li-... quor, from a never failing and cheap... raw material, unlimited in quantity... will render it perfectly easy to do, when... we please, with much less foreign dis-... tilled spirits. These destroy our mor-... als, and injure our agriculture; while... our own malt liquors, nourish us in... health, and support the farmers and... planters. Manufactures have become... a mine of riches to this country; and... they are a means in our hands to check... the invaders of our natural rights.— If they should continue to be invaders. Democratic Press.
HONORABLE TO HUMANITY.
The fire at Detroit the 1st of June... 1805 consumed the houses on 25... streets, lanes and alleys. Sixteen human... beings were burnt, and cows, horses, and... sheep shared the same fate.—The wretched inhabitants escaped with... only the linen on their backs. A tribe... of the Delaware Indians, who lived... within 5 miles of Detroit, held a coun-... cil the next day, and came to a resolu-... tion to relieve the sufferers. and on the... third day after the fire sent 18 milch... cows, 25 sheep with turkeys chickens... and other necessaries, to their relief. Major Campbell, the commandant of... Fort-Maldan, on the British side of... the river, also contributed to their... relief, and sent them five boat-loads... of cloaths, shoes and other useful arti-... cles. The above interesting particulars were... communicated by Mr. Samuel Andrew... Sultz, lately arrived at Carlisle from... Detroit, and who was there at the con-... flagration.
The following is an abstract of the... effective strength of the volunteers in... Great Britain; distinguishing infantry... cavalry, and artillery, according to the... latest returns, dated the 1st December... 1806:—
CAVALRY—Field officers 160; cap-... tains 493; subalterns 1032; staff... officers 745; serjeants 1556; trum-... peters and drummers 520; rank and file... 25,160 INFANTRY—Field officers 1288;... captains 3851; subalterns 7453; staff... officers 1786; serjeants 13826; trum-... peters and drummers 6762; rank and file... 259501. ARTILLERY—Field officers 29;... captains 151; subalterns 309; staff... officers 55; serjeants 551; trum-... peters and drummers 228; rank and file... 10,482. TOTAL—Field officers 1487; cap-... tains 4458; subalterns 8797; staff offi-... cers 2576; serjeants 1936; trum-... peters and drummers 7505; rank and file... 295,180.
Cincinnati, March 23.
We were informed by a gentleman... on Friday last, that col. Burr, a few... days since, crossed at the mouth of Ken-... tucky, direct from Frankfort, on his... way to Vincennes. The ferry-... man when first requested to take him... across refused until he had taken over... a family who had been waiting for... some time.—Burr then offered him a... dollar, and observed, if that would not... do he would give him two—after he had... been taken over he gave the ferryman... fifty dollars not to cross again that day... and it is said he did not. Our infor-... mant says he received his information... from a captain Sebre, who is said... to be a man of the strictest veraci-... ty.
Columbia, (S. C.) March 21. Extract of a letter from a gentleman at... Chester court house (S. C.) to his... friend in this town, dated March 15th... 1807. "Col. Burr, under a guard of eight...
men, passed through this place for... Washington city yesterday. It appears... from gov. Williams's proclamation... that Mr. Burr had entered into a recog-... nizance, himself in the sum of 5000... dollars and two sureties in the like sum... to appear at the federal court in the... Mississippi Territory, to answer to cer-... tain charges which were to be pre-... ferred against him, that he had failed... to appear agreeably to his recogni-... zance, and fled, intending to go to... the Spaniards at Pensacola, but was... fortunately taken, although in disguise... by one of the officers command-... ing a station on the Mobile river, and... sent by him immediately for the fed-... eral city. When passing my Piazza... which fronts on the street, he jumped... from his horse and begged the protec-... tion of some young men who were... standing before it, and enquired for a... magistrate, when urged and threa-... tened by the guard to remount he... refused, declaring he would rather... be put to death than go on, but... was forced on his horse and hurried a-... way. The guard do not speak to him... or suffer him to be spoken to. He... has attempted to bribe them, but I... suppose that will not do. Mr. Burr's... dress which he had on, is the same as... when he was taken very coarse home-... spun, an old hat, a great coat with a tin... cup to his side, and he rode on a bear... skin."
Philadelphia, April 8. By captain McDougal of the ship... London Packet, arrived in the Dela-... ware from Cowes, which he left on the... 16th of Feb. a London paper of the... 13th is received—but it contains nothing... important. A letter from Mr. Auldio, American... consul at Cowes, dated Feb. 16th, 1807... states that the restrictions on the in-... tercourse between G. Britain and the con-... tinent had been removed—and captain... McDougal informs us that he had sent... letters by a vessel, which was about to... sail direct from London to Amster-... dam. This relaxation is ascribed to... the extreme inconvenience, and almost... entire stoppage of commercial transac-... tions on the continent. Nothing later than we have already... published, had reached England, when... captain McDougal sailed, respecting... the Russian and French operations.
New York, April 7. A New Orleans paper of the 6th ult... (per the Mary) says "on Monday last... before the district court of the U. S.... came on the trial of col. LEWIS KERR... on a charge of having set on foot a mil-... itary expedition against the Spanish... possessions in America." The trial... lasted two days, and the jury, after a... retirement of only a few minutes, re-... turned with a verdict of not guilty. The cause had been tried about a for-... night ago, in the same court, and lasted... five days. But the jury could not a-... gree, and after having remained out... for four days more, were discharged... by the court—and a new jury was call-... ed. The last trial did not occupy so... much time as the former on account of... an agreement between the parties to... submit the cause to the jury on the evi-... dence without any remarks of counsel... on either side.
Translated for the Mercantile Advertiser.
DECREE, OF THE 7TH MARCH, 1807
Bearing modification of some dispositi-... ons of the Custom House laws in colo-... ny during the war.
Louis Thomas Villaret Joyeuse, Grand... Cross of the Legion of Honor, Vice... Admiral, Captain General; and... Pierre Clement Lauflot, member of... the Legion of Honor, Colonial pref-... ect of Martinique and its dependen-... cies:
Having seen the colonial decrees of... the 1st of January and 20th of June... 1803, relative to the Custom House du-... ties;
Considering that it is become neces-... sary, from the effect of circumstances, to... bring without delay some modification... which shall continue during the present... war.
Have decreed, 1. Every foreign vessel coming into... the ports of this island with a cargo... and who shall not take one away equal... in value to three fourths of the laid... cargo, shall pay upon clearing out, nine... per cent upon the overplus. The re-... maining fourth part will be abandoned... to the concerned free of duty, & shall be... considered as an indemnity either for... that part of their importations which may... remain unfold at the time, of the de-... parture, or for the expenses of their stay... port charges, charges of sailing, and all... others. 2. This duty of overplus shall be 12 per... cent, if the said vessel leave the colony... in ballast. Those vessels shall be considered as... filling in ballast whose cargoes shall not... amount to, viz. The fifth part of the value of their... imported cargo, when that cargo shall... not be more than 60,000 colonial livres... or under. Fifteen thousand colonial livres, when... the imported cargo shall have been from... 60 to 120,000 livres. Twenty thousand livres, if it has been... from 200 to 300,000.
And lastly, 30,000 livres, if it has ex-... ceeded 300,000 whatever may have been... the overplus of the sum.
The value of cargoes subject to the... duty of 12 per cent, shall not be deter-... mined but by deducting, from the total... amount of the imported cargoes, the re-... mitted fourth part granted to vessels... by the preceding article.
3. The duty per quintal upon sugar... shall in future be as follows: 35 fous colonial money, for brown... sugar, and 35 fous for clayed sugar;... with ten fous per livre, in addition, as... formed.
4. The additional duty on cotton, &... cotton, shall be three and an half per... cent.
5. Liquors shall be considered and... treated, for all the custom house du-... ties in the same manner as the colonial... produce mentioned in the preceding... article.
6. The accidental introduction of mer-... chandize particularly prohibited shall... continue to be governed, when necessary... by special exceptions.
7. Sp. with vessels remain definitely... assimilated to French vessels, as it re-... spects the custom regulations within this... colony.
8. The law, ordinances, existing de-... crees, and tariffs, and all that which... is not formally abrogated, shall neverthe-... less, continue in force.
The Director general of Domain is... charged with the execution of this de-... cree, &c. Done at Martinique, &c. 7th March, 1807.
DUTIES ON ENTRY.
Wet goods (commestibles) 3 per cent. Dry goods, 12 per cent.
DUTIES ON EXPORTS.
Coffee, cotton & cocoa 9 3/4 per cent ad val. Clayed sugar, 7 1/4 do Additional Duties 4l. 2s. 6d. per quintal. Brown sugar 7 1/4 per cent ad valo- rem. Additional 2l. 12s. per quintal.
RUSSIAN MANIFESTO.
The events which have spread over... Europe the horrors of bloodshed and... desolation, from an insatiable thirst of... conquest and aggrandizement in the... present usurped government of France... are manifest to the whole world. Our... endeavors to set bounds to this evil, and... to preserve the tranquility and integri-... ty of the powers in alliance with us by... pacific measures, all proved ineffectual. The perfidy with which the common... enemy viol the sanctities of treaties... and the rights of nations, threatening... Europe with universal devastation, in-... cited us at last to take up arms in sup-... port of neighboring kingdoms. The... series of disasters that befel the Aus-... trian armies, obliged that monarch to... conclude a disadvantageous peace, on... terms dictated by the ambition of the... conqueror at the dire necessity of cir-... cumstances. After this, Prussia, vain-... ly attempting to check the chief by the... establishment of a general and solid... peace, through the means of negotia-... tion, notwithstanding all her sacrifices... for the sake of preserving an alliance... with France. Notwithstanding all her... compliances with the demands of this... common enemy, could not long remain... exempt from the calamities of war... lulled into a state of delusive security... by the prospect of peace, which she... vainly hoped to enjoy, and the mista-... ken confidence she reposed in a treach-... erous ally, she was suddenly plunged... into the very abyss of ruin. The ar-... mies of Napoleon, falling on the Prus-... sian troops before they had been made... an easy conquest of the defenceless ca-... pital, and seized the greatest part of... the provinces of that kingdom.
"In such a situation of affairs, seeing... this neighboring power which divided... the western borders of our empire from... France, destitute of all further means... of defence, it became indispensably ne-... cessary for us to advance our armies... under the command of field marshal... count Karamskoy, for the defence of... our territories, menaced on that... side with an hostile invasion, we ordered every effort to be made... for the defeat of this dangerous... assailant, who, in the proclamation he... has published, carries his audacity so... far, as openly to threaten that he will... extend his triumphs even over our do-... minion.
"At the commencement of this in-... evitable war, the whole burthen of which... after the total overthrow of our allies... devolves upon our country, we consider... it our first duty to redouble our unceas-... ing efforts for the preservation of the... tranquility and integrity of our empire... by augmenting and collecting the armed... force of a faithful, brave and magnan-... imous people, entrusted to our adminis-... tration by Almighty Providence. The... miseries which have so rapidly over-... taken the neighboring powers, evince... the necessity of recourse to unusual... means to grant and vigorous measures... which can only be carried into effect... by a zeal as attachment to our country... a manly firmness of spirit, and a trans-... cence of national honor. A people real-... ly inspired and actuated by sentiments... of their description, arising in a body... may raise an irremovable rampart... against every hostile attack, however... formidable. Neglect in providing for... their internal security, by such general... arrangements, during the present con-... test with France, opposition to our sys-... tem of plunder and rapine, has been at-... tended with the most pernicious conse-...
quences to Austria, and not a little con-... tributed to the downfall of Prussia.—... Their fate was determined by the loss... of a few battles, after which the enemy... meeting no obstacle, and dreading an... opposition from any unarm'd populace... suddenly forced his way through the... interior provinces, spread devastation... and terror by his rapid and violent de-... predations, destroyed the scattered re-... mains of a routed army, and effected a... total overthrow of their empires. The... bravery of the Russian troops, and the... victories which their unexampled firm-... ness, for a century past has gained over... every foreign foe, to the remotest cor-... ners of the earth; the trophies still ex-... isting in various parts of these states... which have been extended by their... achievements; and the recollection of the... glory they have thus acquired, affords... the strongest ground to hope that on the... present occasion, under the auspices... of Providence, whose blessing at-... tend the arms of the just, all the unclan-... tions of our enemies may be con-... founded, and that the only traces they... leave behind them upon our soil will be... their own graves.
"The immense tract of country upon... which these armies must act, occasion-... ing many difficulties in the way of their... speedy and mutual co-operation for the... defence of an extensive frontier, the... evident danger which would arise in... case (which God forbid should ever... happen) the enemy might penetrate in-... to the interior of our empire, compel us... to adopt the most efficacious measures... to avert it by the establishment of a... general temporary armament or mili-... tia, which may be ready at all quarters... at a moment's notice, to support the... regular troops, and able to oppose the... enemy at every step the inimitable... force of the true sons of their country... united for the preservation of their... most valuable enjoyments.
"In such arduous circumstances we... refer with the fullest confidence to the... distinguished order of the hereditary... nobility of our empire, by whose faith-... ful services in the field of battle, and... extensive sacrifices both of life and... property, Russia has been elevated to... her present greatness, to that order... which by examples of heroism, has on... all occasions animated and assisted the... subordinate members of the empire to... participate in the salvation, defence and... glory of our country. The memorable... proofs of patriotism and of loyalty dis-... played in ancient and modern times by... the nobility of Russia, and their well-... known readiness on every occasion... where the common good requires their... exertions, to obey the summons of their... sovereign, to meet with spirit every... toil, and every danger for the service... of the empire, convince us how cordi-... ally, zealously and efficaciously it will... co-operate with us for the speedy and... successful completion of such a provi-... sional armament of militia, as is in-... dispensably required, and now ordained for... public security, according to the regu-... lations annexed hereto.
"We are likewise assured, that our... faithful corporations, and every class of... citizens, as well as the crown peasants... and free boors through the country... will unite their efforts to bear the com-... mon burthen of this important public... duty for the defence of our holy faith... and for individual preservation.
"May the servants of the church of... God offer up in concert with ourselves... and all our faithful subjects, the most... fervent prayers towards the Supreme... disposer of events, that he may shed... his divine favor on our efforts to avert... the common danger, to vanquish and... exterminate the foe, and to restore the... blessings of peace and tranquility in... the heart of our empire."
To this manifesto is annexed a pro-... clamation for erecting immediately a... provisional force, or militia of 612,000... men.—For this purpose, the different... governments throughout the Russian... empire are divided into seven districts... each of which, according to a plan laid... down, is to furnish a certain number of... troops. These seven armies or corps... of districts were to be formed as... soon as the making out lists, and ap-... pointing officers, had been gone through... but they were to continue no longer... embodied than the present danger ex-... isted.
HENRY HIORT, ATTORNEY AT LAW. Has an Office in Mr. INGLE'S... Brick House, on the Capitol Hill, where he... gives constant attendance, and may be con-... sulted on any subject within the line of his... profession Washington city, April 13.—1m
District of Columbia, Washington county This day James Mullen... brought before me as a trespassing stray... a dark sorrel Mare with a white spot in her... forehead, about 13 hands high no perceiv-... able brand, and about four years old. Given under my hand this 16th February... 1807. THOMAS FENWICK. April 13 3t
FIFTY Dollars Reward.
STOLEN out of the stable of Mrs. Eliz-... beth Wells near Queen Anne's Prince George's... county on Monday night last the 6th inst... a BLACK HORSE; he is just this time a fledg-... ing—high shouldered, upper lip brown, he has... a fear under his throat which has young hair... that is very black at this time; he is about 14... hands 1 inch. 8 or 9 years old, piece, trot... and paces, has a droop rump and all round... Yes Dollars will be paid for the horse done... and all reasonable charges and the above re-... ward for horse and rider. GEORGE W. WALLS. April 10 2t

One Dollar Reward. I have a negro man EDELO having left my service, and conducted himself improperly, I will give a reward of one dollar to any person who will lodge him in jail or bring him to me securely tied. All persons are warned not to harbor or give employment to said negro, as I shall prosecute every person so offending. ALICE DERMOTT. Washington city, April 8-3t
PUBLIC SALE. The subscriber in pursuance of an order of the Orphans Court of Washington county, district of Columbia, will sell at public auction on Friday the 19th inst. all the valuable stock of Groceries, together with the Household & Kitchen Furniture, and 2 Negroes, and one Horses and a Coach and Harness all of which belonging to the estate of Rezin Beck, late of said county deceased. Terms of sale, 3 months credit, the purchaser giving notes with approved endorser, negotiable at the Bank of Columbia, or the Office of Discount and Deposit Washington. RICH. BECK, Adm'r Georgetown, April 8-3t
JUST PUBLISHED, (Price 25 CENTS.) And for Sale AT WESCOTT & CO. PRINTING Office, 11th street, Duane's book store Pennsylvania avenue, by J. V. Johnson, at the Navy Yard, Washington, and J. March Georgetown. A LETTER ADDRESSED TO THE PEOPLE OF MARYLAND. Giving a short account of the country on the South side of Lake Erie, including a brief description of its situation, soil, productions, trade, commerce, manufactures and exports. By JAMES TONGUE, M. D. &c. of Maryland. April 8-3t
The thorough Bred Horse MONTICELLO, NOW IN HIGH ORDER. WILL be Let to Mares the ensuing season, to commence the first of April, at my seat, near Georgetown, at FIFTEEN DOLLARS per Mare, for which a note must be sent payable the first of September, and one dollar to the groom; or in lieu thereof, Eleven Dollars in money. Good and extensive pasture, well enclosed, at 50 cents per week, and the mare fed, if required, at the market price, for which the money must be sent. The greatest care taken to prevent accidents or escapes, but will not be responsible for either. JOHN THRELKELD. March 23-tf
60 DOLLARS REWARD. RANAWAY from the subscriber living in Prince George's county on Sunday the 29th inst. the three following slaves--a mulatto young man who calls himself BILL STEWART , he was born at Montgomery court house, was once the property of Honore Martin, was purchased of him by the late Rich. Contee who sold him to me; he is a likely we made fellow about 21 years of age, 5 feet 10 inches high, his hands and feet are large; the evening before he absconded he had his hair cut close; he had with him a variety of clothing, viz. a blue coat and overalls, one light colored bear-skin coat and overalls, a swansdown waistcoat, 3 fine Irish linen shirts and some coarse shirts, three muslin neckcloths, a fine hat, price 7 dollars; he took away a prayer book, in the first page of which is written Mary Duckett. JOE who calls himself Joe Grimes, alias Graham, and HARRY, both young negro men about 21 years of age--the clothing of these cannot be described. Joe has one of his arms broken near the wrist, which makes it longer than the other; when he is spoken to he speaks fast as if his tongue was too large for his mouth. Harry, I am informed, has several large scars on his body and one of his thighs occasioned by burns when he was young. The above reward will be paid for confining the three in jail, or 50 dollars for confining Bill in jail so that I get him again. WALTER BOWIE. July 7-2awtf
TO LET, And possession immediately given--That large and commodious brick Dwelling HOUSE & STORE, lately occupied by Mr. ADAM LINDSAY near the Navy Yard; the house is well calculated to accommodate a small family at present, having four rooms nearly finished, a good kitchen, and spring of water in the cellar adjoining. Also, a stable and wood cellar. The store is large and well adapted to the Dry Goods and Grocery business having a large and dry cellar, with a plank floor underneath the whole of the store, where goods of any kind may be safely deposited. The situation of the above described premises for business is not excelled by any in this city. For terms enquire of Mr. Matthew Wright, near the premises or to the subscriber on East Capitol street near the Capitol. WILLIAM EMACK, Attorney for Adam Lindsay. Washington City, March 13-wtt
20 DOLLARS REWARD. RANAWAY from the subscriber in August last, Negro CHARLES--he is a straight well made black man, about 26 years of age, 5 feet 9 or 10 inches high; has lost some of his fore teeth; is remarkably polite and much of a gentleman. The above reward will be paid to any person who will bring him home or lodge him any jail so that I get him again. WM. B. BEANES. Upper Marlboro', Jan 9-2awtf
PUBLIC SALE. BY virtue of a deed of trust from James Wigfield to the subscriber will be sold to the highest bidder on the 27th of May next at the hour of 12 o'clock A.M. on the premises a lot of ground supposed to contain ten acres with the wood thereon, situated near the lower Eastern branch bridge and on the road leading to Marlboro'. Terms of sale cash. BENJAMIN L. MCCORMICK, Trustee. February 27-widtf
RUNAWAY, On the 31st ult. a black fellow calling himself BILL , was committed to the jail in this city, as a runaway. He is 5 feet 7 or 8 inches high, black complexioned, slenderly made and at first said he belonged to Joseph Blake of Calvert county; but has since confessed that his right name is NED and that he belongs to Benjamin McCall of said county. He is clothed in homespun kersey. The owner of said slave is requested to release him, or he will be sold for his expenses. CARTWRIGHT TIPPETT, Keeper of the jail in Washington city. April 8-3t.
FOR SALE, Fresh Red CLOVER SEED, By TUNIS CRAVEN, near the Navy Yard. March 23-tf  CHARLES H. VARDEN, Merchant Taylor New Jersey Avenue, near the Capitol. RESPECTFULLY informs the gentlemen of the district of Columbia, he has imported by ship Eliza ANN lately arrived at Philadelphia, A choice assortment Of Extra Superfine cloths, Bennets, Velvets, and Cordes, Cassimeres, single and double milled Sattin cloths, fashionable Spanish Orleans and Tollenets, rich silk Moleskin velvets, silk and satin Florentines, with a variety of other articles suitable for the season. N. B. Ladies habits, regimentals, and navy uniforms made in the first style of fashion. Richard Marwells celebrated patent parallel suspenders, can be had on the same terms as at his manufactory. November 12-tf
Bank of Columbia, March 19th, 1807. THE Board of Directors having this day declared a dividend for the half year ending the 20th inst. at the rate of Eight per cent per annum--the same will be paid to the Stockholders or their Representatives at any time after this day. WILLIAM WHANN, Cashier. Georgetown March 20-cp6w  Circuit Court of the District of Columbia for the county of Washington. December Term 1806. John Moyo administrator de bonis non of William Deakins, and (together with Leonard M. Deakins) executor of the last will and testament of Francis Deakins who was executor and devisee of said William Deakins--complainants-- VERSUS Adam Murray Stewart, Deborah Stewart, executrix of Walter Stewart, late deceased, and William Stewart, Robert Stewart, Ann Stewart, Walter Stewart, Henry Stewart and Mary Anne Stewart heirs and devisees of Walter Stewart deceased--defendants. The object of the complainants bill being to establish a debt due to the complainants and to have the same paid out of the real and personal estate of the deceased Walter Stewart, and it being proved to the satisfaction of this court that the said several defendants are not residents of the district of Columbia. It is ordered by the court, that the complainants give notice by publication of this order for four weeks successively in the National Intelligencer and also in some paper printed in the city of Philadelphia, before the 20th day of May next warning the said defendants to appear in this court, in person or by solicitor on or before the 1st Monday in June next to answer the bill of complaint, or else cause it any why the complainants should not have relief as prayed for. By order, WM. BRENT, Clk. April 2-w4t
NOTICE. THE Subscriber wishing to leave the city, offers for sale the property where he now lives, viz. TWO LOTS in Square 83, fronting on B. street 78 feet 3 inches, and running back 181 feet and half. The buildings are a convenient Frame DWELLING HOUSE, Smoke House, & Ice House; two Lime Kilns and Lime House; likewise a handsome garden. On the south of the street in square 89 is a wharf, sufficient to hold 200 cords of wood at once. If this property is not sold at private sale before the first day of May next, it will on that day be held to the highest bidder, on the premises, at 4 o'clock P. M. Terms, one third of the purchase money will be required in 60 days, one third in six months, and the remaining third in twelve months. The purchaser giving his notes on either the city or Georgetown banks, with a good endorser. JOHN STEPHEN. March 25-wtM
IN CHANCERY, MARCH 19, 1807. William O'Neale, against Richard Wootton, Lewis Beall and William Pritchell. The object of the bill filed in this cause is to obtain a decree to correct an error in two deeds conveying part of a tract of land lying in Montgomery county, called "The Cuckold's Delight," one being a deed from Arthur Nelson to Thomas Pritchell, dated the 22nd day of June 1741, the other being a deed from William Pritchell to William O'Neale the complainant, dated the 31st day of June 1798. The bill states that both of the deeds aforesaid describe the beginning of the land to be co-veyed thereby, to be at the end of the second line of the said land, instead of at the end of the 30th line thereof, as the parties intended the beginning to be; the bill further states that William Pritchell one of the defendants resides out of the state of Maryland. It is thereupon on motion of the complainant ordered and adjudged that he cause a copy of this order to be inserted in the National Intelligencer once in each of three successive weeks before the 22nd day of April next, to the end that the absent defendant may have notice of the present application and the object of the Bill, and may be warned to appear in this court in person or by solicitor on or before the 22nd day of August next to show cause if any he hath why a decree shall not pass as prayed. SAM. H. HOWARD, Bc. March 25-w3t
THE object of the bill filed in this cause is to obtain a decree to correct an error in two deeds conveying part of a tract of land lying in Montgomery county, called "The Cuckold's Delight," one being a deed from Arthur Nelson to Thomas Pritchell, dated the 22nd day of June 1741, the other being a deed from William Pritchell to William O'Neale the complainant, dated the 31st day of June 1798. The bill states that both of the deeds aforesaid describe the beginning of the land to be co-veyed thereby, to be at the end of the second line of the said land, instead of at the end of the 30th line thereof, as the parties intended the beginning to be; the bill further states that William Pritchell one of the defendants resides out of the state of Maryland. It is thereupon on motion of the complainant ordered and adjudged that he cause a copy of this order to be inserted in the National Intelligencer once in each of three successive weeks before the 22nd day of April next, to the end that the absent defendant may have notice of the present application and the object of the Bill, and may be warned to appear in this court in person or by solicitor on or before the 22nd day of August next to show cause if any he hath why a decree shall not pass as prayed. SAM. H. HOWARD, Bc. March 25-w3t
PUBLIC NOTICE. Pursuant to a Resolution of the House of Representatives of the United States of the 3d day of March instant, I am ready to receive separate Proposals, in writing, for the supply of such articles of Stationery as may be necessary for the service of the said House, until the fourth day of March, 1809, and also the like proposals for the execution of all the Printing business of the said House, and for the supply of Fuel during the same time. The several species of Stationery, Printing and Fuel wanted, are subjoined to this advertisement, and the proposals must be accompanied with the names and residence of sufficient securities for performance. JOHN BECKLEY, Clerk to the House of Representatives of the United States. City of Washington, 25th March, 1807.
STATIONERY WANTED. Letter paper, hot pressed, vellum, extra large, Do. do. plain, Folio post, wove and plain, Do. medium size, for engrossing, Foolscap, Ready made pens, per hundred and quills per hundred, Best Dutch red wax, Do. black do. Red wafers, Common black sand, in papers, and Wafer boxes, and pounce boxes per dozen, Inks and fands, per pair, Half pint phials, with corks, Low priced folders, Lead pencils, Red tape, in pieces, Ink of the best quality per gallon, Indian rubber, per bottle, Parchment in skins per dozen, cut-dressed, and pounced for use, 28 by 32 inches, Office penknives and crating knives. per ream. per lb. per dozen. per bottle.
PRINTING WANTED. In every instance, the printer supplies the paper as well as the work duly folded and stitched, and no possible delay is to occur in the daily execution & delivery of the work, so that in all cases where it is practicable, the document ordered to be printed on any given day may be ready for delivery the next morning, at the hour to which the House stands adjourned. No extra allowance will be made for working on Sundays, holidays, or after night; these must be considered by the contractor, in the price per sheet. The contractor must embrace a possible amount of work during the session, equal to 10,000 dollars, and the security required will be to the amount of 20,000 dollars.
FUEL WANTED For the supply of the next session, 100 cord good found Hickory Wood, to be delivered, sawed, packed and measured, in the public cellar of the Capitol, at the expense of the contractor, the whole to be delivered on or before the first day of October next; a proportion of the purchase money will be advanced on giving sufficient security for performance. And for the supply of the next succeeding session of Congress, 80 cord, to be delivered in like manner, and at such time as may agreed upon. JOHN BECKLEY. Washington, March 30-3w
ELIAS B. CALDWELL, ATTORNEY AT LAW, HAS removed his Office, to the house lately occupied by Mr. Law, on Capitol Hill. Washington, July 26-tf  On a liberal credit. THE subscriber will dispose of at private sale, his estate called Chucheller, lying on the eastern branch, immediately opposite the city of Washington. This tract of land containing 697 acres is laid off in lots from 3 to 144 acres for the convenience of purchasers. Plots of the estate and the terms of sale are in the hands of colonel Hanson at the navy yard, and Charles Wayman of George Town. The lots will be shown by Mr. Wedden, living on the premises, near the Eastern Branch bridge. ANTHONY ADDISON. Barnaby, 12th June 1805-tf
CHARLES A. BURNETT, HAS received from London and Liverpool a handsome assortment of articles in his line, consisting of WATCHES & JEWELRY, Silver, Tortoiseshell, and steel Spectacles, Table knives and forks with ivory handles, Pen knives and scissors, Ladies and Gentlemen's Pocket BOOKS. He also continues to manufacture gold and silver ware, at the most reduced prices. George Town Dec. 28-tf
This is to give notice, that the subscriber of the city of Washington in the district of Columbia, hath obtained from the Orphan's Court of Prince George's county in the state of Maryland, letters of administration on the personal estate of Thomas Duckett, late of said county deceased. All persons having claims against the said deceased are hereby warned to exhibit the same with the vouchers thereof, to the subscriber on or before the first day of October next, they may otherwise by law be excluded from all benefit of the said estate. Those indebted to the deceased are desired to make immediate payment. ALLEN B. DUCKETT, Adm. City of Washington, March 18-tf All claims forwarded by mail must be post paid.
PORTAIT PAINTING C. BOYLE respectfully informs the public that he paints Likenesses in Oil Colors, in the building formerly occupied by Mr. G. Stewart, on the Pennsylvania Avenue, near Duane's book-store. N. B. A few specimens to be seen. January 5-tf  JUST RECEIVED, 3000 Bushels Coarse LISBON SALT, And a quantity of fresh Lisbon LEMONS in boxes in excellent order, for sale by WALTER & CLEMENT SMITH. Georgetown, April 1-2w.
THE SUBSCRIBER Has for Sale at the WHARF end of South Capitol Street, 6 puncheons Jamaica rum } 4th proof. 4 pipes Spanish brandy } 4 pipes gin 100 barrels rye whiskey Lisbon and Teneriffe Wine of superior quality in quarter casks Flour for family use. JAMES D. BARRY. April 6-3t
DRUGGIST, CHEMIST and APOTHECARY, has received by late arrivals a fresh supply of genuine Drugs, Medicines, Chemical Preparations, and every article useful in Pharmacy, such as have met the approbation of eminent practitioners. Genuine patent medicines of every description, shop furniture, paints, dye stuffs, spices and perfumery; all of which he will dispose of on as low terms as the quality and original cost of the article will admit of. Physicians' and family recipes put up with the utmost care and attention, and all orders from city, town or country put up with accuracy and dispatch. In addition to the above, he has just received a supply of PRESERVES, CONFECTIONARY, FRUIT, &c. viz. Preferred Limes, Pine Apple, Oranges, Strawberries, Citron, Quinces, Peaches, Lemon Peel. Currant Jelly, Green Gage Marmalade, Lemon, Horse-radish, Cream and Mint Candy, Noyau Cordial, Syrup of Currant and Raspberry Vinegar, Rose and Orange Flower Water, Lemons, Oranges, Raisins, Currants, Almonds, Filberts, Brazil Nuts, Green Peas, Olives, Capers, and Anchovies--London Mustard, Cayenne Pepper, Redhead Sweet Oil, Macassar Sesame, Havana Segars, improved Shining Liquid Blacking for Shoes and Boots, &c. &c. George Town Dec. 29-2aw2w/tf
THE CELEBRATED ENGLISH RUNNING HORSE CLIFDEN, WILL stand the ensuing season at my Farm in Prince George's county, about 5 miles from Queen Ann, 9 from Bladensburg, the same distance from Upper Marlborough, and about 15 from the city of Washington, at 25 DOLLARS the season; but 20 DOLLARS will be received in full if paid within the season; which will commence in March and end on the 1st of August. Good pasture will be furnished gratis, as soon as the grass is good, and in the mean time hay and corn furnished at the common price, for the Mares, according to orders. The utmost care will be taken of the Mares, but I will not be answerable for accidents or escapes. CLIFDEN is a horse of uncommonly fine form, above 15 and 12 hands high, of a beautiful deep blood bay, and perhaps the strongest made thoroughbred horse on the continent. Large and powerful bones produce the only real good trotters. Notes of hand must be sent with the Mares. ALLEN DUCKETT. March 8-1807.
JOHN OTT, DRUGGIST, CHEMIST and APOTHECARY, has received by late arrivals a fresh supply of genuine Drugs, Medicines, Chemical Preparations, and every article useful in Pharmacy, such as have met the approbation of eminent practitioners. Genuine patent medicines of every description, shop furniture, paints, dye stuffs, spices and perfumery; all of which he will dispose of on as low terms as the quality and original cost of the article will admit of. Physicians' and family recipes put up with the utmost care and attention, and all orders from city, town or country put up with accuracy and dispatch. In addition to the above, he has just received a supply of PRESERVES, CONFECTIONARY, FRUIT, &c. viz. Preferred Limes, Pine Apple, Oranges, Strawberries, Citron, Quinces, Peaches, Lemon Peel. Currant Jelly, Green Gage Marmalade, Lemon, Horse-radish, Cream and Mint Candy, Noyau Cordial, Syrup of Currant and Raspberry Vinegar, Rose and Orange Flower Water, Lemons, Oranges, Raisins, Currants, Almonds, Filberts, Brazil Nuts, Green Peas, Olives, Capers, and Anchovies--London Mustard, Cayenne Pepper, Redhead Sweet Oil, Macassar Sesame, Havana Segars, improved Shining Liquid Blacking for Shoes and Boots, &c. &c. George Town Dec. 29-2aw2w/tf
10 Dollars Reward. RANAWAY from the subscriber, on Sunday the 15th ult. a negro man named DANIEL , about 30 years of age, about 5 feet 8 or 9 inches high, stout made, has a lump on the outside of one of his feet, likewise some lumps on his back, and several slight scars in his face, also a scar on the upper joint of his left fore finger, occasioned by the cut of a knife; he can read, and passed the Bells Bridge on Sunday night the 22nd ult. and said he was going to Georgetown and the city of Washington, but may probably pass on to Baltimore. His clothing when he went away was a short blue coat with skirts, swansdown jacket, and striped linsay trowsers, white yarn stockings, &c. his other clothes not remembered. I purchased him last fall of Mr. Robert Gunnell of Virginia, who purchased him some years ago of Capt. John Turbeville. I will give the above reward to any person who will secure him in any jail or give information to me in Fairfax county, Virginia, so that I get him again. H. GUNNELL, Jun. April 1-2w
THE CELEBRATED ENGLISH RUNNING HORSE CLIFDEN, WILL stand the ensuing season at my Farm in Prince George's county, about 5 miles from Queen Ann, 9 from Bladensburg, the same distance from Upper Marlborough, and about 15 from the city of Washington, at 25 DOLLARS the season; but 20 DOLLARS will be received in full if paid within the season; which will commence in March and end on the 1st of August. Good pasture will be furnished gratis, as soon as the grass is good, and in the mean time hay and corn furnished at the common price, for the Mares, according to orders. The utmost care will be taken of the Mares, but I will not be answerable for accidents or escapes. CLIFDEN is a horse of uncommonly fine form, above 15 and 12 hands high, of a beautiful deep blood bay, and perhaps the strongest made thoroughbred horse on the continent. Large and powerful bones produce the only real good trotters. Notes of hand must be sent with the Mares. ALLEN DUCKETT. March 8-1807.
THE CELEBRATED ENGLISH RUNNING HORSE CLIFDEN, WILL stand the ensuing season at my Farm in Prince George's county, about 5 miles from Queen Ann, 9 from Bladensburg, the same distance from Upper Marlborough, and about 15 from the city of Washington, at 25 DOLLARS the season; but 20 DOLLARS will be received in full if paid within the season; which will commence in March and end on the 1st of August. Good pasture will be furnished gratis, as soon as the grass is good, and in the mean time hay and corn furnished at the common price, for the Mares, according to orders. The utmost care will be taken of the Mares, but I will not be answerable for accidents or escapes. CLIFDEN is a horse of uncommonly fine form, above 15 and 12 hands high, of a beautiful deep blood bay, and perhaps the strongest made thoroughbred horse on the continent. Large and powerful bones produce the only real good trotters. Notes of hand must be sent with the Mares. ALLEN DUCKETT. March 8-1807.
THE CELEBRATED ENGLISH RUNNING HORSE CLIFDEN, WILL stand the ensuing season at my Farm in Prince George's county, about 5 miles from Queen Ann, 9 from Bladensburg, the same distance from Upper Marlborough, and about 15 from the city of Washington, at 25 DOLLARS the season; but 20 DOLLARS will be received in full if paid within the season; which will commence in March and end on the 1st of August. Good pasture will be furnished gratis, as soon as the grass is good, and in the mean time hay and corn furnished at the common price, for the Mares, according to orders. The utmost care will be taken of the Mares, but I will not be answerable for accidents or escapes. CLIFDEN is a horse of uncommonly fine form, above 15 and 12 hands high, of a beautiful deep blood bay, and perhaps the strongest made thoroughbred horse on the continent. Large and powerful bones produce the only real good trotters. Notes of hand must be sent with the Mares. ALLEN DUCKETT. March 8-1807.
United States court, Fifth Circuit and Virginia District, Nov. Term, 1806. IN CHANCERY. John M'Avoy, assignee of John Watson, plaintiff, against John Watson, John Watson, jun. James Taylor and Richard M'Avoy--defendants. This cause was this day heard on the bill, answers, replications thereto, exhibits, and the proceedings in the suit lately depending in this court, between Robert Bird, against Josiah Watson & John Love, & was argued by counsel. On consideration whereof the court not now deciding on the respective claims of the parties to the suits in the proceedings mentioned, doth adjudge, order & decree that the marshal of this district, or one of his lawful deputies, after having advertised the time and place of such sale for five weeks successively in one or more newspapers printed in the town of Alexandria and the city of Washington, do expose to sale, at public auction, the tract of land in the proceedings mentioned, called BUCKLE, either altogether or in parcels as the parties may agree; or in case of their disagreement, in the way he may think will most enhance the price thereof upon the following terms, to wit--one fifth part of the purchase money agreed to be paid therefor, to be cash, and the balance in four equal annual payments, bearing interest from the date if not punctually paid, taking bonds with sufficient securities from the purchaser or purchasers, payable to the marshal, for the use of such of the parties to this sale, and the sale aforesaid, as may hereafter be adjudged entitled thereto, and retaining the title to the said lands as security for the payment of the said annual instalments; and in case default be made in the said payments, or either of them that shall fall due, that the said tract of land, or the lot or lots for which the payments shall not have been made according to the tenor of the sale, be set up for public sale by the marshal, for ready money, after the time and place of such sale shall have been advertised in manner as aforesaid, and the proceeds of sale to be applied to the discharge of the sums remaining due on the purchase of the said tract of land, or the lot or lots to be sold, and the surplus, if any, to be paid to the original purchaser. And if the parties shall prefer the said tract of land being sold in two or more lots, or the marshal or his deputy who may sell, shall be of opinion in case of their disagreement, that the value of the said tract of land will be enhanced by a division thereof, the court doth direct that he have the same divided into as many lots as the parties shall agree on, or he think best by the surveyor of the county of Fauquier, and sell the same so divided, and that he bring the said bonds and pay the money so to be received, in cash at the sale, after having defrayed the expenses thereof and of the division if any shall be made into court, subject to its future order, and the marshal is directed to report his proceedings to the court; and the court doth further order and decree, that the defendants, trustees for Mrs. Watson, be permitted to reap and carry off the now growing crop from the said lands, and that the marshal sell the same, subject to that privilege, and this is to be without prejudice to any suit that Robert Bird, Bird, Savage and Bird, may hereafter bring claiming the profits of the said lands against the said defendants, trustees as aforesaid. WM. MARSHALL, Clk.
In pursuance of the foregoing decree will be sold the land and premises therein mentioned, called Backland lying in the counties of Fauquier and Prince William--The sale will be made on the premises on the 16th day of May next, and the land will be sold entire, or in lots, as may be thought proper, on the day of sale. Also, Under a decree of the said court, pronounced at the May term, 1803, between Robert Bird plaintiff, against Josiah Watson and John Love, defendants, will be sold, to the highest bidder, for ready money, a tract of Land, lying in the county of Westmoreland, called Chantilly. The sale will be made on the premises, on the 12th day of May next. BENJAMIN MOSBY, D. M. for Jos. Scott, M. V. D't. March 16-taw M 16
This is to give Notice. THAT the Subscriber of Prince George's county hath obtained from the Orphan's Court of said county, letters of administration on the personal estate of Richard Wells Brashears, late of said county deceased--All persons having claims against the said deceased are hereby warned to exhibit the same with the vouchers thereof to the subscriber on or before the 1st day of October next, they may otherwise by law be excluded from all benefit of the said estate; and all persons indebted to the said deceased are hereby requested to make immediate payment to the subscriber in Upper Marlborough. MARY BRASHEARS, Adm. x. of Richard W. Brashears. April -w3t
THE CELEBRATED ENGLISH RUNNING HORSE CLIFDEN, WILL stand the ensuing season at my Farm in Prince George's county, about 5 miles from Queen Ann, 9 from Bladensburg, the same distance from Upper Marlborough, and about 15 from the city of Washington, at 25 DOLLARS the season; but 20 DOLLARS will be received in full if paid within the season; which will commence in March and end on the 1st of August. Good pasture will be furnished gratis, as soon as the grass is good, and in the mean time hay and corn furnished at the common price, for the Mares, according to orders. The utmost care will be taken of the Mares, but I will not be answerable for accidents or escapes. CLIFDEN is a horse of uncommonly fine form, above 15 and 12 hands high, of a beautiful deep blood bay, and perhaps the strongest made thoroughbred horse on the continent. Large and powerful bones produce the only real good trotters. Notes of hand must be sent with the Mares. ALLEN DUCKETT. March 8-1807.