The national intelligencer and Washington advertiser. (Washington City [D.C.]), 1803-09-05 00:00:00

NATIONAL INTELLIGENCER,
AND WASHINGTON ADVERTISER.
Vol. III.
WASHINGTON CITY, PRINTED BY SAMUEL HARRISON SMITH, PENNSYLVANIA AVENUE.
No. CCCCLXVIII.
FIVE DOLLS. PER ANN.
MONDAY, SEPTEMBER, 5th, 1803.
PAID IN ADVANCE.
WASHINGTON CITY.
MONDAY, SEPTEMBER 5.
A DEFENCE OF REPUBLICAN GOVERNMENTS.
INTRODUCTORY REMARKS.
The following enquiries have originated from the numerous attacks, recently made in this country on republican institutions. To the writer it has been a matter of extreme astonishment, that principles, no less sublime in theory, than successful in practice, should have excited the least murmur among a people in the full enjoyment of liberty and happiness. He had hoped that the distinguished felicity of the United States, amidst the anarchy, slavery, and warfare of other nations, would have inspired gratitude to the author of all goodness, and have animated every heart with an affectionate attachment to the only principles on which rational liberty has ever been established. Instead of this, it would seem that in proportion to the increasing happiness, and expanding prospects of the country, men of mistaken or sinister motives have availed themselves of the universal toleration of opinion to depreciate the principles, form and administration of our governments, and open the way to the adoption of systems, whose uniform operation has been to aggrandize the few, and degrade the many. Thus it has been from the commencement of the world; in every period of which the profligacy of ambition has carried on its treasonable schemes against the happiness of nations. Some individuals there ever have been, some there are, and some there will always continue to be, who, not content with the enjoyment of equal rights, or with the honorable, open, and extensive field in which talents may virtuously exert themselves, will, secretly or openly, by stratagem or violence, according to the policy of circumstances, conspire against the general welfare, and aim at usurping uncontrolled power, that they may give a loose to the violent and sordid passions it gratifies. Good governments are established to guard against the machinations of these men, and liberty can only be preserved by the unceasing vigilance of the people. As it is under the cover of the night that the robber or assassin leaves his lurking place to prey on society; so it is, in periods of great security that the enemy of liberty often attempts the execution of his deep laid schemes.
Let us then, fellow citizens, be always on our guard. Though there may be now no sword drawn, or arm raised against our rights, the attempt is made, from one end of the land to the other, to depreciate and blacken all that the wisdom of man has devised for their protection. Success is relied on vitiating the public sentiment. Our enemies well know that if they corrupt the source, the streams will soon be polluted.
While the opponents of truth are so active, shall her friends be supine? Shall the happiness, the liberty, the glory of a nation inspire its men with less ardor than is awakened in the bosom of ambition by its selfish and ignoble views?
Let others act as they may, my voice shall be raised in defence of our common rights. I do not promise you that I will enlighten your minds; but I offer you the feelings of a heart, pure in its love of liberty, and ardent in its devotion to our republican governments.
It was the intention of the writer to publish these enquiries in the form of a pamphlet. But, he has, on reflection, considered it most expedient to submit them to the public, in successive numbers, through a newspaper. The field they open is most extensive and interesting; he has but imperfectly explored a small part of it; the time at his command not admitting of that comprehensive view, or rigid arrangement, that its various aspects require. If, however, his remarks shall either strengthen the attachment of his fellow citizens to their systems of government, or attract the attention of genius and learning to the elucidation of the subject, he shall not have written in vain.
LETTER THE FIRST.
"The highest earthly felicity that a people can ask, or God can give, is an equal and well ordered commonwealth." HARRINGTON.
IMPORTANCE OF THE NATURE OF GOVERNMENTS.
Of all the topics which excite a diversity of opinion, the most important is that
which arises from various or dissimilar views entertained of the first principles of government. However this diversity of opinion may, to the eye of superficial observation, appear unconnected with those particular objects required by the general welfare, it would be no arduous task to shew that it constitutes the constant criterion by which the correctness of every leading measure is tried, and the actions of public agents graduated. Nor is its efficacy the less from the silence with which it operates; as the mighty stream flows not with a less impetuous course from the hidden and faintly discerned sources from which it springs. Insects of a day may enjoy the sunshine of the hour without reflecting on the storm that rapidly envelopes the horizon; but man, whose proud prerogative it is to foresee evil and avert it, or good and pursue the means of attaining it, is called upon by every dictate of duty and interest to regard as of primary importance those convictions which, being early embraced and steadily practised, form the basis of his happiness or misery.
From these considerations, the radical laws of nations have ever had a decided influence on their stability, power, and happiness. This influence must continue while cause produces effect, and while man remains a rational being governed by fixed principles. Its empire too will extend with the prevalence of knowledge, as in proportion to the elevation of the human character, it will be governed by determinate principles.
Hence it is of the utmost importance that just ideas of government should be received; and as the American people have risen to a gradation of intellect equal to any of their fellow men, and are the supreme depositary of political power, it may be affirmed that on them it rests, by their principles and conduct, to decide, whether this last quarter of the globe shall retrieve the character and restore the happiness of the world, or sink it still deeper in vice and misery.
America has established a new empire in the annals of politics. Shaking off, as she believes, the prejudices of error and the chains of oppression, she has erected the REPUBLICAN SYSTEM. Is it that system of government which is most eminently calculated to promote human happiness? Or is it one of those deceitful visions that, under insidious smiles, masks substantial ills? Is it the child of fancy, the plaything of unscrupulous infancy, the rattle, which riper years despises? Or is it the vital principle of rational existence which time and experience will increase and strengthen? These are enquiries of vast interest. On their just solution depends, perhaps our own happiness, certainly that of our children, and, it may be, that of all mankind. Whether, therefore, we contemplate the subject, in the dignity of the abstract principles it involves, or in the practical application of them to the present or future state of the world, we shall find ample field for enquiry, and sufficient motive to pursue that enquiry with spirit. Local and temporary circumstances, moreover, add further incentives to the research. Opinions, however heterodox, have sprung up among us, that a republican government is unsuited to the condition of man; and that, however, we may struggle against the corruptions of other governments, we must ultimately, and at no distant period, exchange our proud sentiments of liberty for those claims that hold captive every other nation. If this is the voice of wisdom, pronouncing the oracles of truth, it is the duty of man, however humiliating the sacrifice of his pride, to yield obedience to power which he neither can or ought to resist.
But, before he puts on those fetters that shall place him beneath the rod of some mighty madman or fool, and which once imposed may never perhaps thereafter be broken, it becomes his duty fully and dispassionately to enquire what portion of freedom he may hope to enjoy, and what means he may rationally pursue for its attainment and security.
BONAPARTE.
Every thing that elucidates the character of the First Consul will be satisfactory to our readers. It has often been remarked, that, according to circumstances, he has been all things to all men. This trait of character is happily illustrated in the following conversation held by him, in the Pyramids of Egypt, with a number of distinguished Mufis and Imams,
taken from a late Biographical account of him.
"Bonaparte.—God is great, and his works are marvellous. But we have here a grand production of the hand of man. What was the object of the individual who caused this pyramid to be constructed?"
"Suleiman.—He was a powerful king of Egypt, whose name it is said was Cheops. He wished to prevent the sacrilegious from troubling the repose of his ashes."
"Bonaparte.—The great Cyrus commanded that, when dead, his body should be left in the open air, that it might return to the elements. Dost thou not think that he did better? Tell me, my friend, what is your opinion?"
"Suleiman.—(inclining himself) Glory to God, to whom all honor is due!"
"Bonaparte.—Honor to Allah! Who was the califf who caused this pyramid to be opened, and thus troubled the ashes of the dead?"
"Muhamad.—It is believed by some that it was Mahmood, the commander of the faithful, who reigned, several centuries ago, at Bagdad; others say that it was the renowned Aaron Raschid.—(peace to his manes!)—who expected to find treasures here: but when by his command entrance was made into this apartment, tradition lays that he found mummies only, and this inscription in letters of gold on the wall:"
"The impious shall commit iniquity without recompense, but not without remorse."
"Bonaparte.—The bread stolen by the wicked fills his mouth with sand."
"Muhamad.—(inclining himself) These are the words of wisdom."
"Bonaparte.—Glory to Allah! There is no other god but God; Mahomet is his prophet, and I am his friend."
"Suleiman.—The salutation of peace to the envoy of God! Salutation to thee, also, invincible warrior, favorite of Mahomet!"
"Bonaparte.—Muss', I thank thee. The divine Koran is the delight of my soul, and the object of my contemplation. I love the prophet, and I hope, ere long, to see and honor his tomb in the holy city. But my mission is first to exterminate the Mameluccs."
"Ibrahim.—May the angels of victory sweep the dust from thy path, and cover thee with their wings. The Mameluccs has merited death."
"Bonaparte.—He has been smote and delivered over to the black angels, Moukkir and Nakir. God, on whom all things depend, has ordained, that his dominion shall be destroyed."
"Suleiman.—He has extended the hand of rapine over the land, the harvels, and the horses of Egypt."
"Bonaparte.—And over the most beautiful slaves, thrice holy Mussi. Allah has withered his hand. If Egypt be his portion, let him shew me the lease which God has given him of it: but God is just and merciful to the people."
"Ibrahim.—O most valiant among the children of Issa! Allah has caused thee to follow the exterminating angel, to deliver his land of Egypt."
"Bonaparte.—This land was a prey to twenty-four oppressors, rebels against the Grand Sultan, our ally—(whom God turn to his glory!)—and to ten thousand slaves from Canada and Georgia. Adiel, the angel of death, has breathed upon them; we are come, and they have disappeared."
"Muhamad.—Noble successor of Scanderbeg, honor to thy invincible arms, and to the unexpected thunder which springs from the middle of thy warriors on horseback."
"Bonaparte.—Dost thou believe that thunder to be a work of the children of men? Dost thou believe so? Allah has placed it in my hands by his messenger the genius of war."
"Ibrahim.—We perceive in thy works the great Allah who has sent thee. Couldst thou have conquered if Allah had not permitted? The Delta, and all the neighboring countries, resound with thy miracles."
"Bonaparte.—A celestial carbuncle will ascend by my command to the abode of the clouds; and the lightning will descend to the earth, along a metallic wire,** the moment I shall bid it."
"Suleiman.—And the great serpent, which sprung from the base of the pillar of Pompey, on the day of thy triumphant entry into Scanderbegh,†† and which remained withered at the socket of the pillar; was not that also a prodigy effected by thy hand?"
"Bonaparte.—Lights of the age, you are destined to see yet greater wonders, for the days of regeneration are come."
"Ibrahim.—May the divine unity re-
gard thee with an eye of predilection, adorer of Issa, and render thee the support of the children of the prophet."
"Bonaparte.—Has not Mahomet said, every man who adores God, and performs good works, whatever may be his religion, shall be saved?"
"Suleiman, Muhamad, Ibrahim, (together, inclining themselves)."
"He has said so. Bonaparte.—And if, by an order from on high, I have moderated the pride of the vicar of Issa, by diminishing his terrestrial possessions, in order to amass for him celestial treasures, was it not rendering glory to God, whose mercy is infinite?"
"Muhamad.—(with an air of hesitation) The Mussi of Rome was rich and powerful; we are poor Mussis."
"Bonaparte.—I know that you are poor: be without apprehension; for you have been weighed in the balance of Balhazar, and you have been found light. Does this pyramid, then, really contain no treasure that you know of?"
"Suleiman.—(his hands on his breast) None, my lord, we swear by the holy city of Mecca."
"Bonaparte.—Unhappy, thrice unhappy those who seek for perishable riches, and covet gold and silver, which are like unto dust!"
"Suleiman.—Thou has spared the vicar of Issa, and hast treated him with clemency and goodness."
"Bonaparte.—He is an old man whom I honor—(May God accomplish his wishes, when they shall be regulated by reason and truth!)—but he is to blame in condemning to eternal fire all the Mussulmans:—Allah defend us from intolerance!"
"Ibrahim.—Glory to Allah, and to his prophet, who has sent thee into the midst of us to rekindle the faith of the weak, and to open to the faithful the gates of the seventh heaven!"
"Bonaparte.—You have spoken my wishes, most zealous Mussis: be faithful to Allah, the sovereign ruler of the seven marvellous heavens; and to Mahomet his viceroy, who traversed all the celestial mansions in a single night. Be the friends of the Franks; and Allah, Mahomet, and the Franks, will recompence you."
"Ibrahim.—May the prophet himself cause thee to sit at his left hand on the day of resurrection, after the third sound of the trumpet!"
"Bonaparte.—He that hath ears to hear, let him hear. The hour of political resurrection has arrived for all who groan under oppression. Mussis, Imams, Mullahs, dervishes, and kalenders, instruct the people of Egypt; encourage them to join in our labours to complete the destruction of the Bays and the Mameluccs. Favor the commerce of the Franks in your country, and their endeavors to arrive at the ancient land of Brama. Let them have storehouses in your ports, and drive far from you the islanders of Albion, accursed among the children of Issa. Such is the will of Mahomet. The treasures, industry, and friendship of the Franks shall be your lot, till you ascend to the seventh heaven, and are feasted by the side of the black-eyed houris, who are endowed with perpetual youth and virginity. Repose under the shade of Loba, whose branches present of themselves to true Mussulmans whatever their hearts may desire."
"Suleiman.—(inclining himself) Thou hast spoken like the most learned of the mullahs. We place faith in thy words, we will serve thy cause, and God hears us."
"Bonaparte.—God is great, and his works are marvellous. The salutation of peace be upon you, thrice holy Mussis!"
"* Jesus Christ. † Alexander. †† The flying artillery, which greatly astonished the Mameluccs. ‡ A bakoou. ** The electric conductor. ††† Alexandrov."
HEROES.
As recent events have exhibited to the nation a number of distinguished paper HEROES, bent on hurrying us into war, it may not be unseasonable to lay before our readers, a portrait of such characters, which, though drawn in the reign of George the First of England, will, with little variation, apply to this country at this day. The character of other heroes is delineated; and, from the whole a proper estimate may be made of the claim they have to the applause of mankind. The writer is the celebrated TRENCHARD.
In fact the whole history of mankind shews that in no respect has public opinion more erred than in its estimate of true greatness. Dazzled by the splendor of lofty attainments it has too indiscriminately given to genius and talent the admiration alone due to virtue united with wisdom. Awed by the terrible characters of a military conqueror, it has bestowed on exertions of physical power, exercised in the destruction of the human race, the applause which should have been reserved for the protectors of the lives and the promoters of the happiness of mankind. Examine the records of nations, and you behold a succession of warriors, who fought not for the good, but for the injury of the human race; who, not content with covering the earth with desolation and carnage, ended their inglorious career with oppressing those whom they had sworn to protect.
"I design this letter as a dissertation upon heroes, who were at first a sort of brave disinterested men, that having more courage and prowles than others, went about doing good to others, and to all, at their own expence and danger. They established and reformed communities, and taught them laws, and punished those who violated justice and law: they destroyed public robbers and monsters, and the greatest of all public robbers and monsters, tyrants; and lived the patterns of virtue and useful valour.—Hence they were called heroes, a sort of middle beings, superior to other men, and akin to the gods."
"But so wild is the nature of man, and so impudent the nature of ambition, that whereas the primitive heroes were the bulwarks of society, and the preserv-ers of men, those who pretended to succeed them, were the disturbers of society, and the destroyers of men; and such tyrants and monsters as the old heroes had destroyed, did themselves (impudently) set up for heroes. With the same modesty, superstition, which destroys religion, has, in the greatest part of the world, usurped the place of religion; tyranny, which is the extir-pation of government, calls itself govern-ment: and thus arose persecuting priests and lawless kings. But so are words and the world abused; and with so much safety, and even applause, is mischief committed, when it has but a good name."
"Alexander deified himself, & Caesar was deified by others, for being universal murderers; and Coke of Bury was hanged for attempting one murder: had he been at the head of a hundred thousand cut-throats, and murdered a million, he might have been recorded for a hero, his name been handed down to after-ages with eulogiums, and public decla-rations made in the schools upon his conduct and virtues."
"Child, the highwayman, robbed the mail, and was put to death; but, instead of the mail, had he robbed a nation, (I mean any nation but this,) he might probably have governed it; and, instead of hanging in chains, led a whole people in chains, and been dubbed an able statesman, and a faithful minister."
"Mischief is inseparable from the pro-fession of a present hero, whose business and ambition is to multiply coquets, and consequently miseries, upon those whom he conquers. What a wild and inhuman spirit! to plague the world, in order to make a figure in it; to commit great villainies, for a good name; to de-stroy the peace and prosperity of man-kind, to gain their esteem; and to shed their blood, to shew themselves fit to govern them! For none gain by such accomplishments of theirs, but their soldiers, whose lives too they throw away as wantonly as these take away the lives of others. The chief gainers there-fore are only a few officers, servants, and trumpets, who are about their per-sons, and execute their will and rage for their own ends: and so, to glut a rest-less tyrant and his instruments, men and nations must be slaughtered or enslaved. This is the heroine, this the glory, of conquering!"
"Such is the difference between the old original heroes and these their apes, who, by fraud, violence, perjury and rest-less cruelty, make war upon their sub-jects and neighbours; and by sacrificing the virtuous and the brave, or by mak-ing them their instruments to sacrifice others, and by distressing, exhausting, plundering and chaining, all push human misery as far as it can go. These are the wolves and tygers of the human race."

imperial beasts of prey, who, if the world would preserve itself, ought to be driven out of the world, or hung up in it in terrorem ; or like these their more innocent brethren, who only kill for food, to be locked up in dens, and shewn, as they are, for monsters: or perhaps it would be still a more equitable punishment, if they could be caught, so that up a number of them in a mad-house with their beloved arms about them, there to fight and tear one another's flesh, and spill their own detestable blood, till they had no more to spill. This would be giving a sort of satisfaction to mankind, for so much human blood outrageously and wantonly spilt.
"But this is not the only mock-heroism in the world; there is yet another sort as mischievous, but still more ridiculous; and that is, a violent appetite for war, and victory, and conquest, without engaging personally in the danger, or coming near it; but being very valiant by proxy, and fond of fighting without drawing a sword. This was the prudent bravery of a late aged conqueror, who was never tired of war, yet never tired his own person in it; in the heat of a battle sought for his glory, he ran no risk, but sat securely at a great distance with the wise old woman his mistress, waiting for laurels of other people's winning. When his agents had bought a town for him treacherously, or his generals stolen a province as treacherously; still it was victory, still fair conquest; and the glory was his at three hundred leagues distance: for every thing that he did was glorious, the meanest and the basest things; and by these means he became immortal, immortal in conquest without a lot.
"The primitive heroes ventured their lives for the good of others: the mock-heroes expose others to danger and death for the good of themselves, and their own personal renown; and all the time they stay at home, and wait for fame in a whole skin. They slaughter thousands who obey them, and undo millions who ought not to obey them; and all to enslave others, who neither wish nor do them any harm, and with whom they have nothing at all to do. Even most of the instruments which they make use of, are made as miserable as they make those whom they oppress; and few or none share the benefit of the plunder, but such as wanting merit of their own to gain an honest subsistence, prey upon the industry of those that do. So strongly does misery thrive under their influence, and nothing else!
"They keep themselves poor, suspicious, and in a state of war with their own subjects, whom they justly suspect for their worst enemies, because they supply them with constant reason to be so; and therefore they live in a perpetual state of rapine and enmity towards them, and in a continued dread of violence and revolts from them; instead of giving them fatherly protection on one side, and receiving from them dutiful and sincere allegiance on the other; and all for the fruitless and imaginary glory of conquest, and of dominion over their fellow-creatures against their will; or, in other words, of being skillful pillagers and oppressors and successful murderers.
"It is, however, not to be wondered at, that whilst so many princes are beset with hypocrites, always ready to applaud at a venture their wildest follies and designs; or with traitors, who finding their own vile advantages in them, are ever determined to act and execute them: I say, it is not strange, that princes in these circumstances should run frequently into wild freaks, and pernicious enterprises, to the ruin of themselves and their subjects. But it is stupendous, that these their baneful instruments and worst foes should be able, in any instance, to persuade nations to dance after their destructive maggot, and be contented to be undone, to make some of the worst of men amongst themselves rich and happy.
"What have the people in any monarchical government ever gained by the conquests made by their prince, but to be made slaves; or if they were slaves before, worse slaves, and to have their chains rivetted yet faster? For, besides that these conquests give him a pretence and an ability to keep more troops, and consequently increase his power over them; the conquered nation will find a sort of revenge in joining to reduce their new masters to the same wretched condition with themselves, and perhaps find an opportunity of conquering the conquerors. One nation will be played upon another, and neither will be trusted to the guard of their own countrymen; but the soldiers of one country will be quartered upon the other, and kept at a great distance from home, left by constant conversation with their relations, friends and neighbours, they should, contrary to their duty, warp towards the love and interest of their country: and indeed in most countries where troops are kept, they are always removed from place to place, to prevent their friendship and correspondence with the natives.
"What did England gain formerly by their conquests upon the continent, but constant wars, slaughter and poverty to themselves, and to their princes precarious foreign provinces at an English
expence; and had standing armies been then the fashion of the world, England would doubtless have conquered itself into slavery. The Romans, when they had extended their conquests so far and wide, that they were forced to keep provincial armies to awe and preserve the conquered countries, became a prey to those armies; and their emperors afterwards durst no longer trust to Roman troops, but increased their slavery by the help of those whom they had conquered, and who became, in their turns, masters of those who had masterled them.
"When Alexander had ventured his own army of Macedonians, and the best men in Greece, to ruin Persia, and a great part of the world, which had given him no provocation; what advantages did Greece and Macedon reap from his mighty victories and conquests, but to become a little province of a great barbarous empire, which by their arms and prowess he conquered, and exhausted them of all their bravest men to preserve? Their condition would still have been worse, if he had left a successor behind him to have preserved his whole empire entire, who would have made Persia, or some other province, the seat of it, and governed Greece at a distance by deputies: as it was, he left it in a state of constant war and depredation, and they were tossed and tossed from one oppression to another, till they found a sort of relief in being conquered by the Romans.
"What did the French gain by the long wars and many conquests of their late great monarch, but extreme poverty, increased servitude, great depopulation, and general bankruptcy? So much did they suffer by his acquisitions, and so far did they pay for his pernicious glory.
"What did the Swedes gain by the conquests of the late king, but to lose them again, as they got them, at a vast expence of blood and treasure; and to be reduced to such weakness, as to want the assistance of their neighbours to preserve them from falling under the power of a prince, whom, by conquering him, they thought to conquer them?
"And if the conquering countries are such miserable losers by conquest, what must be the doleful condition of the conquered, which are considered only as the sources of plunder, and the professed objects of oppression? Almost all Europe are witnesses of the brutish havoc which the conquerors make, and of the dismal scenes of ruin that they leave behind them. If the late French king could have conquered, or bought, or surprised, the United Provinces (which by all these generous means he endeavored) from the richest and most populous republic upon earth, they would have been now a nest of beggarly fishermen, and in a lower condition, if possible, than any of the fine French provinces, which had the honor of being governed by that paternal prince. Never was such mockery, as for a prince to publish reasons to a people, with whom he had nothing to do, why they should be conquered by him: when, let their condition be as ill as it will, it is an hundred to one, nay it is almost certain, that he will make it ten times worse.
"As for that nation whose prince is a hero, I say an excellent and amiable French writer, who saw, with sorrow, the woful condition of his own nation, from the merciless and unnatural affection of heroism in the then king.
"The same admirable author, in another place, gives us a lively image of heroes and conquests in these words, which he makes Telemachus speak, as he views the field of battle filled with carcasses, and drenched in blood: "Such are the heavy evils that follow wars! What blind fury urges unhappy mortals! So few are the days that they have to live upon this earth, and so miserable do they make these few days! Why will they run thus headlong into the jaws of death, which is of itself making hasty approaches to devour them? Why add so many frightful desolations to a short and bitter life, made so by heaven already? Men are all brethren, and they tear and butcher one another, more unnaturally fierce and cruel than the wild beasts of the desert! Lions make not war upon lions, nor tigers upon tigers: they attack only animals of a different species. Man! man alone, in spite of his reason, does things that creatures without reason would never do.
"But why these confounding wars? Is there not land enough in the universe to satisfy all men with more than they can cultivate? Are there not vast tracts of desert lands, so vast that mankind is not sufficient to fill them? How then! A false glory, a vain title of conqueror, which a prince is fond of, kindles a war far and wide; and one single man, thrown by heaven into the world, in wrath, sacrifices brutally so many others to his vanity! his glory requires it, and all must perish before him: countries swim in blood, towns and cities suffer devouring flames; and what escapes from the sword and the fire, famine, more cruel than both, must consume; and all that this man, who thus sports himself with throwing all human nature into pang, may find in this general
destruction his pleasure and his glory. What monstrous glory! Can we too much despise, too much abhor, these monstrous men, who have thus forgot humanity? Without being men, they set up for demi-gods; and earn the curses, instead of, what they aim at, the admiration, of ages to come.
"Oh! with what tenderness should princes undertake wars! That they ought to be strictly just, is not enough; they must be strictly necessary, for the public good. The blood of the people, ought never to be shed but to save the people; and the occasion ought to be extreme. But flattery, councils, false ideas of glory, vain jealousies, boundless rapacity under specious disguises, and rash engagements, draw almost all princes precipitately or intentionally into wars which prove fatal to them. In them they hazard all without necessity, and do as much mischief to their subjects as to their enemies."
"Thus the divine late archbishop of Cambray, from whom I have translated this affecting passage. It is a book that has ten thousand excellencies, and ought to be read by all mankind."
"I will conclude with wishing, that all nations would learn the wisdom of the prudent Sancho, who, when the hero his master madly attacked the wind-mills and the lions, stood at a safe distance and in a whole skin. If their governing Don Quixotes will fight, right or wrong, let them fight by themselves, and not sit at home and wantonly sacrifice their people against wind-mills and fulling-mills."
The following account of the celebration in Kentucky of the cession of Louisiana to the United States, evinces the patriotism, republicanism, and steadfast adherence of our western friends to those principles and measures on which the welfare of all America depends.
LEXINGTON, (Ken.) August 16.
On Wednesday last the citizens of Lexington, together with a number of gentlemen from other parts of the state, and several from other states, dined together at capt. John Polkethwait's to celebrate the event of the cession of Louisiana to the United States. At this dinner as at all former public festivals in this place, difference of political opinion was forgotten, and perfect unanimity of sentiment prevailed throughout the company. After dinner the following toasts were drunk, most of them accompanied by three cheers.
John Bradford, President, James Hughes, Vice-President.
TOASTS.
1. The event we celebrate, the important cession of New Orleans and Louisiana, a lasting monument of the attention, patriotism, and wisdom of our government.
2. Thomas Jefferson, President of the United States—Can he, by whose wise measures we have acquired a new world, continue still to have enemies?
3. James Monroe and Robert R. Livingston—When the present generation, and the next, and those which for ages to come shall have passed away, their names shall be recollected, and repeated with pleasure and applause.
4. The friends of war here and everywhere—May the wisdom and moderation of our government, teach them forbearance and humanity.
5. The Mississippi and its waters—May they cease to fertilize the land through which they roll, when its inhabitants forget that they are a part of one great national confederation.
6. The land we live in—Who now would not live in such a land?
7. The immortal Washington—He has given to the empire of liberty one, Jefferson the other half, of the new world.
8. Franklin, the patriot, the philanthropist and the philosopher—When he expressed the wish of revisiting, at the distance of 100 years after death, his native country, he would have abridged the time, had he foreseen that in less than 20, Louisiana and the Mississippi would become her's.
9. The new Congress—May the increase of wisdom be at least in proportion to the increase of members.
10. The Western Ship Builders and Exporters—Success to their enterprising spirit.
11. Our sister state Ohio—May she do credit to the dignified station which she has lately assumed.
12. Our present administration—Wise, constitutional, and pacific measures the most severe sedition law.
13. The people of Kentucky—Whom no injuries nor inflammatory addresses could excite to insurrection.
14. The free and uninterrupted navigation of the Mississippi—The great incentive to industry, by affording a certain prospect of obtaining its merited reward.
15. The agriculture and commerce of the United States—The advantages of which this event will tend to equalize.
16. The Senate of the United States—Unanimity in approving the late treaty with France.
17. Gen. Wilkinson—Let us not forget the man who first adventured as an exporter of produce to N. Orleans.
Foreign Intelligence.
PARIS, June 13.
The General Commanding in the Isles of France and of the Reunion to the First Consul of the Republic. 15th Pluviôse 11th year.
Citizen First Consul.
Of all the Colonies, that of the Isles of France and of the Reunion are the most indebted to you; they proclaim you as their saviour, and the day on which they learned your magistracy for life, was to them a day of festivity and enthusiasm.
The affairs of the English in India assume the most unfavourable appearance. Being too far extended, they cannot save danger on all sides; and their sceptre, which is become burdensome in proportion to the extent of its sway, has increased the discontent of the nations over which it domineers. They have just lost an important battle against the Marattas. The allies of Tippoo are rekindling, and the murder of the Persian Ambassador at Bombay, has done them the more harm in the minds of the different nations, as they have been informed that he had lent to reclaim, in the name of his government, the sum that the English Government had engaged, by a signed convention, to pay the King of Persia on condition of his not favouring the passage of the army of Egypt.
It does not belong to me to look into futurity; but I have foundation for thinking, from all the information I receive, that the epoch approaches wherein the oppression of the English, their usurpations in India, the mals of power and possessives they have accumulated and the weakness of their physical means to support themselves upon such an extent of country, must bring on a great and sudden revolution in this quarter of the world.
(Signed) MAGAILLON-LAMORLIERE.
LONDON, June 5.
The great object of Bonaparte's tour to the coast, is to ascertain not only the state of the military force and the naval equipments, but the sentiments of the people with respect to an invasion of this country. It was his original intention to have visited only the Belgic departments, but as soon as war was declared against England, he altered his plan, and determined to visit the French, Dutch and Flemish parts first. The speeches of priests and prefects are full of threats against England. The inscriptions on triumphal arches and public buildings in the towns thro' which Bonaparte passes invite an invasion of England—On the facade of the gate of Amiens, which opens into the road to Calais, the following words were inscribed—"The road to England."—One of the decorations of the house prepared for the reception of madame Bonaparte, at Amiens, was a small floor, with a mat bearing the tri-coloured flag, with this inscription—"A fair wind and thirty-six hours." The sub-prefect of Abbeville, in his speech to Bonaparte, reported in the Moniteur , tells him that "it is at London that his astonishing genius will proclaim peace to the Universe."
From all we have been able to collect, we are of opinion, that Bonaparte will attempt an invasion of this country.—His rage against us approaches to insanity, and what enterprise is too desperate for such a man to attempt? All other countries in Europe his hypocritical professions have imposed upon. The sober and thinking people of England have alone formed an accurate opinion of his character.—England has been the Ithuriel's spear that has touched the fiend, and shewn him in his native deformity. It has been reported that he will make two feigned attacks, and one real one.—The army assembled at Deventer, is said to have for its object merely the reinforcing of the army of genl. Mortier; but we suspect it is meant against this country. Deventer is very advantageously situated either for an expedition from the Ems or the Scheidt.—It is believed that whatever expedition is undertaken, will be from the Dutch ports.
We would have the country accustom itself to the idea of an invasion; to imagine even that the French will not only accomplish their wish of a fair wind and thirty-six hours , but that they will be able to elude (a very improbable supposition we confess) the vigilance of our sailors, and effect a landing upon the island. Soon, we are convinced, would they have ample cause to regret that they ever travelled the road to Lonon , and that the wind had been favourable for thirty-six hours.—The united vigour and valour of the country would convert the first ground they encamped upon into their grave. In Egypt Englishmen have tried their strength against a superior
number of the French, and have conquered. Never, then, shall it be said that they shewed less energy in defending their native country, than in refusing from the Fugs at France the territories of an ally.—It is not the common language of war and hostility that France uses.—She has abandoned all ideas of aggressive peace upon terms reciprocally honourable and advantageous. She must establish the freedom of the seas, that is, she must ruin the navy of England—she must dictate the peace, and dictate it where?—in the capital of the British empire—in the palace of our gracious sovereign. This she avows to be her intention—this is the language of her first magistrate—this is the burthen of the address of all departments and cities—of all the priests, prefects and parishes, throughout France.
Let him come then, this Corsican Consul, if he dare.—An island gave him birth—it may be the fate of another island to provide him a burying place. Let him come with his battles of Lodi, of Pavia, of Marengo, inscribed upon his colours. We will meet him on the beach with the recollection of our fame at Crey and Agincourt—with the remembrance of our achievements on the 1st of June, at Camperdown, off St. Vincent, and at Aboukir—of our defeat of his best troops, led by himself, at Acre, and of our victory over his invincibles in Egypt. We will meet him too in the manner of some of the ancient republics, when they went out to the battle, chanting that Ode which has been left us by one of the best of our poets, as well as one of the best of our countrymen:—
What confounds a flate? Not high-raisd battlements or labour'd mound, Thick wall or moated gate; Not cities proud with spirit and turrets crown'd: Not bays and broad arm'd ports, Where, laughing at the storm, rich navies ride; Not star'd and spangled courts, Where low brow'd balcons wats perfume to pride. No! Men, high-minded men, With pow'r as far above dull brutes endu'd In forest, lake, or den, As beasts excel cold rocks and brambles rude, Men who their duty know, But know their rights, and, knowing, dare maintain, Prevent the long aim'd blow, And crush the Tyrant.
LONDON, July 15.
The Paris and Brussels papers of the 10th inst. were received yesterday, the contents of which are not important; but the Hamburg mail contains some intelligence more material, which we shall give in our next.
The Hanoverian troops, it appears, are determined to oppose the passage of the Elbe by the French troops, for the purpose of disarming them, and are busily employed in taking such measures as are best calculated to give effect to their resistance. A letter, however, dated July 1st, states that Hanoverian deputies had let out from Zell for Lauenburg for the purpose of preventing the effusion of blood, and of endeavouring to make the Hanoverian troops voluntarily lay down their arms. A few days will shew the result, but we much fear, that in the present state of things, while the Northern powers display so much apathy, and seem so little interested in the dispute between this country & France, that reliance on the part of the Hanoverians will be of little avail.
Whatever may be the cause, it appears that his imperial majesty thinks it necessary to make an addition of 80,000 men to his army, recruiting for which has already commenced.
A private letter from Hamburg states, that his serene highness the duke of Brunswick, and Field Marshall Mollendorf, are said to have made some very strong remonstrances against the present system of a certain Northern court; to have spoken in very severe terms against the conduct of its ambassador at Paris, and to have signified their intention of throwing up their commissions in case the same measures are persevered in. Though it is impossible to determine what credit is to be given to these reports, it seems that the discovery of some undue influence, used by a foreign power, has occasioned some confusion at the court alluded to. The murder of a Russian courier from St. Petersburg on his way to Vienna, who was robbed of his dispatches, though his money and valuable effects were left untouched, is presumed to have some connection with the above events.
Among the articles from Hamburg, of a later date than those given in the subsequent part of our paper, we have to notice the following:
LUNEBURG, July 4.
Yesterday evening general Mortier, with his staff, citizen Rapp, and the commissaire Ordinateur Micraud went to Axilburg; they returned again this morning, which excited some pleasing hopes, but these were again soon diminished, by almost all the generals again taking their way towards the Elbe.
To-day the 48th demi brigade, consisting of about 2000 men, entered this town, where it will remain as a garrison till further orders. We continue in the most anxious expectation, as it is generally affirmed that our troops imp.

THOMAS GARTNER, TAYLOR HAS just received by recent arrivals at Philadelphia, from England, and the West Indies, a handsome assortment of Spring and Summer Goods, of the best quality, also Patent water proof Cloth's and Cambric's, Super or Navy Blue and other colours, Hand-loom Navy & Fashionable Buttons, &c. Gentlemen of Army, Navy and Fashion served with expedition and taste. New Jersey Avenue, seventh house from Capitol Square and Pennsylvania Avenue near the President's square. April 15 1803.
BISCUIT BAKE HOUSE, Near the Sugar House New-Jersey Avenue.
THE subscriber has commenced the above Business in all its various branches where merchants or owners of vessels may be supplied on reasonable terms; also private families with the best of Crackers. PETER MILLER, Washington August 19.
WILL sell five hundred and fifty acres of Land whereon I live, in Fairfax county, within five miles of the court house, and within twenty of the City of Washington, Alexandria, Dumfries, and twelve of the Occoquan mills. It is a healthy situation, the land fertile, and has about two hundred acres of wood to cut, there is a great proportion of white and red oak, popular and hickory timber. There is nearly one hundred acres of prime meadow. I will give six months credit for one fourth of the purchase money—twelve months for the other quarter, eighteen for the third, and two years for the last payment, a purchaser will find me on the premises. Feb. 24th. THOS. POLLARD.
BY AUTHORITY. SCHEME OF A LOTTERY, To build a Catholic Cathedral Church in the City of Baltimore.
1 prize of 20,000 1 ditto 10,000 2 do 5000 10 10,000 5 do 1000 — 5,000 10 do 500 — 5,000 15 do 200 — 3,000 200 do 100 — 20,000 200 do 50 — 10,000 200 do 25 — 5,000 250 do 20 — 5,000 4000 do 15 — 60,000 1 first drawn ticket after 2000, having a blank to its number, 500 1 do after 4000 do 500 1 do after 6000 do 500 1 do after 8000 do 500 1 do after 10000 do 500 1 do after 12000 do 500 1 do after 14000 do 500 1 do after 16000 do 500 1 do after 18000 do 500 1 do after 20000 do 2,000 1 last drawn ticket, which may have a blank to its number, 4,000 754 Prizes, 210,000 13,856 Blanks—Not two to a prize. 21,000 1 first drawn ticket, at 10 dollars each, 210,000
The laudable purpose of this Lottery—the many valuable prizes offered, and there not being two blanks to a prize, are considerations which give the managers reason to hope for a rapid sale of the tickets. The drawing will commence as soon as a sufficient number of tickets shall be sold to authorize it; and thirty days after the completion of the drawing, the prizes will be paid to the fortunate adventurers; subject to a deduction of fifteen per cent. Such prizes as shall not be demanded within twelve months after the drawing is finished, shall be considered as relinquished for the benefit of the church.
For the satisfaction of those at a distance, it may be necessary to mention, that the managers have given bond to the mayor and city council in the sum of 120,000 dollars for the due payment of the prizes which may be drawn.
Tickets to be had of the managers, or of such persons as may be appointed by them. Managers. Right Rev. Bishop Carroll, Rev. Francis Beccan, Messrs. David Williamson, Robert Walsh, Charles Ghiquiere, Patrick Hennessey, Arnold Livers, Luke Tiernan, Frances I. Mitchell.
July 13, 1803. The managers have lodged a number of officers in the above Lottery in the hands of Wm. Brent and James D. Barry for sale.
PRINTING INK OF AN EXCELLENT QUALITY, FOR SALE AT TIMOTHY CALDWELL'S Near the West Market, City of Washington, who has to Lot on Ground Rent a number of Lots in eligible situations. June 22. 3m.
Lots for sale. IN eligible situations, and upon very advantageous terms—A plan of the several squares in which they are contained may be seen and terms thereon by applying to, ROBERT W. PEACOCK, Attorney at law and conveyancer.
CHARLES VARDEN, TAYLOR, FROM PHILADELPHIA. HAS received from Philadelphia an elegant assortment of the best quality Superfine Cloths, Cambric's, Silk Floratines, Black and fancy Silk Mouselin velvet, white & figured Marcellas, Swandowns, Tolinettes, Velveteens, Fancy cords, Coatings, &c. With a variety of other articles suitable for the winter season.
N. B. Ladies Habits, Regimentals and Navy uniforms made in the first style of fashion. New Jersey Avenue, the second house from the Capitol Square. December 8, 1802.
FOR SALE, For a term of 5 years, A LIKELY young and healthy NEGRO MAN, about 23 years of age for sale by— ROBERT M C CLAN. Washington Nov. 25.
Conveyancer's Office. THOMAS HERTY, Grateful for past favors, informs his friends and the public, that he continues to prepare CONVEYANCES OF LAND, and every other species of DEED OR INSTRUMENT in the line of his profession, with legal precision, and on moderate terms, Titles investigated, &c. A choice selection of lots on the Pennsylvania Avenue and other desirable situations in the City to lease or sell. N. B. Herty's Abstract of the laws of Maryland in 1 vol. and Herty's Digest of the laws of the United States in 2 vol. for sale at the above office. City of Washington, April 28th 1803.
TO LET. THE Subscriber will let for one or more years, the House and Lot on which he now lives, in E. Street, nearly opposite the Bank. The House contains seven rooms and a kitchen. On the Lot there is a garden in a high state of cultivation, and an excellent well of water. The terms will be moderate and possession will be given on the first day of October next. A store has been kept in this house for a number of years; and from its situation, it is well worth the attention of a merchant or a mechanic. For further particulars enquire of the subscriber on the premises. MARY SWEENEY, City of Washington, June 15. 1803.
FIRST LEGION. ATTENTION! At a Legionary Court of Enquiry, held on the 15th day of March last, in obedience to a law passed at the last session of Congress, entitled, "An act more effectual to provide for the organization of the Militia of the District of Columbia," ordered that the following be the Uniform to be worn by all non-commissioned officers and privates belonging to the battalion companies of the first Legion while on duty, viz. A DARK BLUE COAT of ordinary length, WHITE VEST, WHITE BREECHES and WHITE STOCKINGS, or WHITE PANTALOONS and WHITE STOCKINGS, or WHITE OVERALLS, with SHOES and ROUND BLACK HAT; which Uniform having been approved by the Brigadier General, is now published by order of the said court. WM. D. BEALL, Clerk of L. C. B. Sec. 27. And he is further ordered, That all non commissioned officers and privates, belonging to battalion companies, shall appear while on duty, uniformly clothed, the color and fashion of which uniforms to be determined on for the respective legions, by the first legionary courts of enquiry which shall be held, and to be approved of by the Brigadier General; provided the expense of the same, additional to that of usual, ordinary and dress clothing, does not exceed five dollars for each person, and every such non commissioned officer, or drummer, or fifer, or private, appearing at any muster held after three months from the time that such uniform shall have been determined on, and the order relative thereto shall have been published, in some newspaper within the legionary district and not wearing the same, shall be fined five dollars for each offence, unless he can make it appear to the satisfaction of the court of enquiry of the battalion to which he may belong, that he was unable to equip himself.
LANDS FOR SALE. THE subscriber wishes to sell a tract of land situate near the foot of the Blue Ridge and Short Hills in Loudoun county Virginia, bounded partly by Potomac river within two miles of Harper's Ferry and the mouth of Shenandoah. It is of strong good soil, answering perfectly well for Paisher of Paris, and contains by patent 2340 acres. It is so well known as a valuable and fine tract of land that a further description is unnecessary to those who incline to purchase, will naturally view and examine it. A clear and indisputable title will be given by the subscriber. There is no mortgage, judgment, debt, lease, claim or demand whatsoever against any part, it having been always let to tenants at low annual rents who are raised and removable at will; but the occupying tenants (through favor only) have been permitted to claim from any coming in tenant one half of the deposit money as may be forfeited between them, for the improvements and good will, the other half going to the landlord. There are at present fifteen or sixteen tenants upon the estate at very low rent. And it is recommended as an object well worth the attention of any person who would purchase the whole to parcel it into lesser farms to the resident tenants or others willing to purchase parts of it. The terms of sale are a portion of one fourth paid down in money, or in approved negotiable paper, and the remainder in one two or three years as may be agreed upon carrying interest from the day of sale. Application may be made personally, or by letter, to the subscriber residing at Warburton on Potomac river, near to Alexandria, to James M C Ilhenny near the premises, or to Mr. John Janney merchant in Alexandria. THOMAS ALWOOD DIGGES July 15, 1803.
COMMENCED on the 24th day of July last, to the gavel of Prince George county Maryland, a negro man by the name of Richard about five feet one or two inches high, appears to be thirty years old or upwards a dark complexion, has a scar on the right side of his forehead, and a small scar near the left eye, has lost two or three of his upper teeth—his clothing an osnaburg shirt, brown roll trowsers, and the crown of an old wool hat, says he belongs to general B. Kersten, near Port Tobacco Charles county, and that he was hired to Mr. O'Brien in the City of Washington—his owner is requested to release him from gavel or he will be sold out for his prison fees as the law directs. THOMAS MAGGILL, Sheriff, Prince George county Md. August 5, 1803. 1803m
All persons having claims or demands of any nature against the subscriber, are requested to exhibit their accounts, without delay, to JOHN HEWIT or RICHARD FORRESTER, Esqrs. of the city of Washington, who are authorized, in my name, to adjust and settle the same and all persons indebted to me are requested to make payment to either of the gentlemen above named. SAMUEL BLOUGH. March 30.
By his excellency JOHN F. MERCER, governor of the state of Maryland. A PROCLAMATION. WHEREAS it appeareth unto me, by an inquest taken in Kent county, before Joseph Hynson, Esq. one of the coroners of the said county, that an atrocious murder hath been committed on the person of ROBERT ASHLEY late of Kent county, by a certain Ephraim Armstrong, also of said county, who hath since absconded and fled from justice: And whereas, it is the duty of the Executive to guard as much as may be against the commission of such enormities, and to bring such offenders against the laws and peace of society to justice—I have, therefore, thought proper to issue this my proclamation, and do, by and with the advice and consent of the council, offer a reward of two thousand dollars to any person or persons who shall apprehend and secure the said Ephraim Armstrong, in any jail in the United States, so that he be brought to justice. Given in council, at the city of Annapolis, under the seal of the state of Maryland, this fifth day of August, in the year of our Lord, eighteen hundred and three. JOHN F. MERCER. By his excellency's command. NINIAN PINKNEY, Clerk of the governor and council.
Description of the person of Ephraim Armstrong. He is about thirty-five years of age, of a muscular make, five feet ten inches high, wears his own hair, which is short, black, and curls very much; his eyes are small, black and piercing; his complexion brown; his countenance remarkably dark and gloomy; when he speaks he works his mouth about a good deal. 'tis said he has a brother somewhere in the western country, if so, it is probable he has gone to him—He usually rode a grey mare, which it is supposed he rode away, as he is missing from his farm. IN COUNCIL. Annapolis, August 5, 1803. Ordered, That the foregoing proclamation and description be published four times in each week for the space of four weeks, in the Telegraph, American, and Federal Gazette, at Baltimore; the National Intelligencer at Washington; the Maryland Gazette, at Annapolis; the Republican Advocate, Herald, and Partee's paper at Frederick Town; and Mr. Smith's paper at Fallou. By order, NINIAN PINKNEY, Ck. August 19. ep4w
PLAISTER OF PARIS. A Cargo of Plaister of Paris, just received and for sale by the subscribers—in proof of its excellence, we subjoin the certificate of John A. Binns, Esq. of Loudoun county, Virginia, whose long and successful experience as a farmer in the use of this article, must render him equal to, if not the best judge in this country. STEDUART & BEALL. August 12. I do certify that I have this day examined a large quantity of Plaister of Paris, belonging to Steduart and Beall of George Town, and conceive it to be genuine and of the very first quality, and such as I should at all times select for my own use, and think I can with propriety recommend it generally. JOHN A. BINNS. July 26, 1803. 2aw6w
TWENTY DOLLARS REWARD RAN AWAY from the subscriber on the 24th of June last, near the Eastern Branch Ferry, City of Washington, a Negro man named ABRAHAM, but being an artful fellow, I expect he will change his name, and pass for a free man. He is about 28 years of age, about 5 feet 9 or 10 inches high, well made: He is rather of a yellow complexion; his wool is very short, and a scar on one side of his head near the top; he speaks very quick, and stammers in his speech. He was formerly the property of Doctor Blake of Calverton county. I have some reason to believe he has made for that place, or otherwise for Baltimore. He had no clothing with him but what he had on, which was Osunburg trowsers, an old shirt, a grey short coat. Whoever delivers the said fellow to me, shall receive the above reward. LEWIN TALBURT. July 11. 1803. tawtf
FOR SALE. BY RAPINE, CONRAD & CO. WHEATON'S GENUINE PATENT JAUNDICE BITTERS. A Medicine extremely useful when Jaundice and Bilious complaints are so prevalent among the citizens of America and the West Indies. They are a useful and efficacious medicine for curing jaundice and bilious disorders, and removing that sinking, faint distressed feeling at the stomach, difficulty of breathing, loss of appetite, and sleepy, dull heaviness in the fore part of the day, weakness and trembling of the limbs, dizziness of the head, and yellowness of countenance, complaints so common to jaundice and bilious people. Likewise Wheaton's Patent ITCH OINTMENT: The only medicine in the world which will certainly cure the itch, without having in it any thing either dangerous or disagreeable; it being composed mostly of ingredients never before discovered or used in that disorder. August 8. 1awtf.
FOR Sale One hundred and fifty acres of land, One hundred acres of which is in wood—it is situated within six miles of the Eastern Branch Ferry. For terms apply to MICHAEL LOWE. Prince George county, July 22. 3taw
NEW BOOKS. Just imported in the ship Active, from London, via Philadelphia, and for sale by RAPINE, CONRAD & CO. New-Jersey Avenue, near the capitol, a choice collection of new and valuable books—amongst which are Burk's works, 8 vols. 8vo. Pratt's Gleanings, 3 vols. 8vo. elegant. Percyvale's Voyage, 2 vols. 8vo. Mickle's Luciad, 2 vols. 8vo. Link's Travels, 8vo.—Clavigero's Mexico, 2 vols. 4to. Sancho's Letters, 8vo. Memoirs of Pius the 6th, 2 vols. 8vo. Segur's Frederic William 2nd, 3 vols. 8vo. Sontag's Memoirs of Louis 16th, 6 vols. 8vo. Spallanzani's Travels, 4 vols. 8vo. Watson's Philip 2nd and 3rd, 5 vols. 8vo. Helen Maria Williams' Sketches, 2 vols. 8vo. Gibbon's Roman Empire 12 vols. 8vo. Grandpre's Voyage in the Indian Ocean 2 vols. Memoirs of Politianus, 8vo. Reynier's State of Egypt, 8vo. Cavallo's Natural and Experimental Philosophy, a new and valuable work, 4 vols. 8vo. Belford's Moral Philosophy, 8vo. Payley's (Dr.) Natural Theology, 8vo. Adams on the Microscope, with plates. Brown's Travels into Africa, 4to. Gibbon's do. do. Grant's life of France. Delphin 6 vols. 12mo. War Office 3 vols. 12mo. Microcos 5 vols. 12mo. The Benevolent Jew, 2 vols. by Geo. Walker. Infidel Father, 3 vols. 12mo. Monk of Madrid 4 vols. 12mo. Lortimon 2 vols. 12mo.—Home 5 vols. 12mo. Romance of the Pyrenees, 4 vols. 12mo. 10. The Savage of Aveyron, 12mo. Bales of Superstition 12mo. Broca's Crins, by G. Coleman, Boscawen's Poems, 12mo. Atala—Glover's Athenaid, 3 vols. 8vo.
In addition to the above they have always on hand a collection of well assorted books on education, science, and amusement, which they will sell at such prices as cannot fail of giving general satisfaction. United States of America. Fifth circuit, Virginia district, May term, 1803. Under a decree of the said court, We the commissioners will expose for public sale, on the premises, at 12 o'clock on Friday the 30th day of September next, that valuable and extensive F A R M, CALLED Mount Salus, alias Millthorpe, lying in Fairfax county, on Difficult and Wolf Trap runs, containing by deed 550 acres, and by survey 673 acres. The mansion house is on a high healthy and agreeable situation, convenient to which are springs of good water—The house is 40 by 18 feet, two rooms on a floor, with a nine feet passage and stair case, two brick chimneys, with a fine place to each room, a piazza the whole length of the front, a cellar 40 by 18 walled with stone and divided into two apartments. There are several small buildings near the mansion house and garden. There are also a valuable merchant and grist mill, saw mill, distillery, miller's house and overseer's house. The mill house is 40 by 30, two stories high, half the lower story of stone, the other part framed work, and covered with shingles. There are one pair of Burr, and one pair of Coeogue, stones, three bolting cloths almost new, and one screen, all now in use in manufacturing wheat and grinding grit. The mill house 40 by 30, one story high, walls of stone and shingled roof, the floors planked, the upper and for making grain, and troughs fixed round the whole house, constructed to carry water to every vessel which may need it. Three mills and one boiler can be worked to advantage in said house. The waters of Wolf Trap, on which the mill and saw mill stand, are constant streams. The situation for country custom, or purchasing wheat is exceeded by none in the country or neighborhood, not being more than 17 miles from Alexandria and 13 from George Town, where there are excellent markets for country produce from every description; and about 14 miles from the city of Washington. The land is fertile and productive, and the soil well accepted to received improvement from the use of plaister of Paris. There are upwards of 3000 pounds of fence on the land, about 160 or 170 acres of well timbered land belonging to the tract. There have been nearly 20 acres of timber made, lying on Wolf Trap, and Difficult runs, 50 acres more may be made at a small expence. This farm enjoys many natural advantages, which are unnecessary for us to mention, it being taken for granted that any person wishing to buy such property will avail themselves of the opportunity of viewing the premises previous to the day of sale. The terms of which are, one third of the money to be paid on the day of sale, (at which time deeds will be made to the purchaser) one third in six months, and the other third in 12 months, with the interest accruing on the two last payments from the day of sale. A deed of trust will be expected to secure the last payments. Some informality in the decree prevented the sale agreeably to the former notice. This defect being obviated by the parties, the property will most certainly be sold as now noticed. Captain James Wiley, residing near the land, will show the premises, and also a plat of the survey, which is left with him for the information of those concerned. The title papers will be exhibited on the day of sale. CHARLES LITTLE, JAMES WILEY, JAMES DOUGLASS. August 30. cp
WAS committed to the jail of Baltimore county as a runaway, on the 8th inst. a negro man, who calls himself Edward Jackson; he is about 30 years of age, 5 feet 11 inches high, stout and well made, has lost the greater part of his left ear, has a scar on his breast, and one on each hand over his thumbs, has on a white kersey jacket, blue cloth trowsers, and osnaburg shirt; he says he's free and came last from New-Orleans. If he is not related he will be sold for his jail fees according to law. James Wilson, Sheriff. June 20. xawtf
PATENT GUN LOCK. The subscriber offers for sale the right of making and using Edward West's improvement in Gun Locks, which is considered by judges of the utmost importance to every person using fire arms, and more particularly to the army and militia of the United States. There are two very great advantages resulting from this improvement, the first is, that no accident can possibly happen by a gun going off at half cock as it has in that situation no connection with the dog, consequently not with the trigger or any other external part of the lock. It cannot possibly catch at half cock as there is no notch that the dog can catch on, and the counter dog is so placed in the act of cocking, as not to be reformed but by the cock first falling or being let down. The great security in this improvement ought certainly to recommend it to general use, to avoid the innumerable accidents that has and must unavoidably happen from the present plan, in gun going off at half cock, &c. Application made to Mr. Rhodes, city of Washington, will be communicated and attended to, where I shall attend at the sitting of Congress. THOMAS WEST. August 29. 1803m
District of Columbia, Washington County, ss. By the O'pham's Court, August 16th, 1803. CHARLES HYDE, having made application for letters of administration on the estate of Thomas Keen deceased a soldier in the late captain D. Beits company of the 1st huzaroon who died in 1795, and of Jonathan Collins deceased a soldier in captain Kimbury's company. It is ordered that the said Charles Hyde give notice of his said application, by advertisement in the Washington Federalist and National Intelligencer inserted once a week four successive weeks, and that administration be committed to him, unless a sale to the contrary be shown, on or before the second Tuesday in October next. JOHN ELWITT, Reg. and I do give notice accordingly. CHARLES HYDE. August 19. 1804w
10 DOLLARS REWARD. ESCAPED from Prince George County gaol, on the 21st inst. two NEGRO MEN. JACK committed as a runaway, a black fellow about twenty-two years of age, five feet five inches high, has a scar on his left cheek near his nose, and some grey hairs on his head, his clothing when committed, was an Osunburg shirt and trowsers, says he was sold not long since by Joseph Griffiths of Calvert county Maryland, to a person living in one of the southern states, from whence he made his escape. PHILIP SULLIVIN a mulatto man, committed on suspicion of felony—he is about twenty-eight years of age, five feet ten inches high, wears his hair buffed—a foot made below, his clothing an Osunburg shirt a pair of brown hicklet overalls, tawndown waistcoat, an old brown cloth coat, and felt hat. Philip did reside in or near Bladensburg where he has a wife.—The above reward will be paid for delivering the said fellows at the gaol from whence they escaped, or five dollars for either. THOMAS MAGGILL, Sheriff, Prince George county. September 2. 3taw
Treasury of the United States, Washington August 15, 1803. WHEREAS by an act of Congress dated May the 8th, 1792, entitled "An act to provide for a Copper Coinage," in the second section thereof, it is enacted, "That after the expiration of six calendar months from the time when there shall have been paid into the Treasury by the said Director (of the Mint) in cents and half cents, a sum not less than fifty thousand Dollars, which time shall forthwith be announced by the Treasurer at at least two gazettes or newspapers, published at the seat of government of the United States for the time being, no copper coins or pieces whatsoever, except the said cents and half cents, shall pass current as money, or shall be paid or offered to be paid or received in payment for any debt, demand, matter or thing whatsoever; and all copper coins or pieces, except the said cents and half cents, which shall be paid or offered to be paid or received in payment contrary to the prohibition aforesaid, shall be forfeited, and every person by whom any of them shall have been so paid or offered to be paid or received in payment, shall also forfeit the sum of ten dollars, and the said forfeiture and penalty shall and may be recovered with costs of suit for the benefit of any person or persons by whom information of the incurring thereof shall have been given."
And whereas it appears by the books of this office, that more than fifty thousand dollars in cents and half cents, have been so paid into the Treasury. I now, therefore, in obedience to the said act, do hereby give public notice of the same. TH. T. TUCKER, Treasurer United States. August 15. taw3m
FOR SALE By LEWIS CLEPHAN East of the Branch bank on F. street City of Washington. PAINTERS COLORS OF ALL SORTS. White Lead in kegs Red Lead, and dry, Spruce Ocher, Stone Ocher of superior Patent Yellow, quality, Gold Litage, Turkey Umber, Prussian Blue, 1st and Vermilion, 2nd quality, Belt Carmin drop black, Kings Yellow, Painters Brushes of all Lined oil and spirits of turpentine, Window glass 10 by 12—8 by 10, and 7 by 9. Gold and silver leaf by the pack or book, Large sheet glass cut to any size. Gentlemen sending their Sashes will have them neatly glazed and on moderate terms. All orders from the country will be carefully attended to. August 2. 1804w