The national intelligencer and Washington advertiser. (Washington City [D.C.]), 1809-10-13 00:00:00

National Intelligencer.
WASHINGTON ADVERTISER
WASHINGTON CITY, PRINTED BY SAMUEL HARRISON SMITH, PENNSYLVANIA AVENUE.
NO. 2406
IX.
FRIDAY, OCTOBER 13, 1809.
PAID IN ADVANCE.
FIVE DOLLARS PER ANNUM,
The National Intelligencer is conducted by SAMUEL H. SMITH, and JOSEPH GALES, Jun. and printed at the Office of the former, to whom subscribers and correspondents are requested to address themselves.
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[The following Ode, composed by R. T. PAINE, Jun. of Boston, was sung at the Anniversary of the Nautilus Association in that city a few days ago.]
AN ODE.
TUNE—Anacreon in Heaven.
I. On the tent plains of Sumah—truth's mystical clime, When the impious turret of Babel was shattered, Lest the fruits of our race, in the sand-drift of Time, Should be buried, when Shem, Ham, and Japheth were scattered; Rose the Genius of Art, Man to man to impart By a language, that speaks, through the eye, To the heart.
CHORUS.
Yet rude was invention, when Art she reveal'd, For a block stamp'd the page, and a tree plough'd the field.
II.
As time swept his pennons, Art sigh'd, as she view'd, How dim was the image her emblem reflected; When inspir'd, Father Faust broke her table of wood, Wrought its parts into shape, and the whole re-connected. Art with mind now could rove, For her symbols could move, Ever casting new shades, like the leaves of a grove.
CHORUS.
And the colors of thought, in their elements run, As the prismatic glass shows the hues of the sun.
III.
In the morn of the west, as the light roll'd away From the grey eve of regions, by bigotry clouded, With the dawn woke our Franklin, and, glancing the day, Turn'd its beams through the mist, with which Art was enshrouded: To kindle her shrine, His Promethean line Brew a spark from the clouds, and made Printing divine!
CHORUS.
When the free, by his rod, was attracted from heaven, Its flash, by the type, his conductor, was given.
IV.
Ancient Wisdom may boast of the spice and the weed, Which embalmed the cold forms of its heroes and sages; But their fame lives alone on the leaf of the reed: Which has grown through the clefts in the ruins of ages; Could they rise, they would shed, Like Cicero's head, Tears of blood on the spot, where the world they had led.
CHORUS.
Of Pompey and Cæsar unknown is the tomb, But the type is their forum—the page is their home.
V.
Elect Genius of type!—down the vista of time As thy flight leaves behind thee this vex'd generation, Oh! transmit on thy scroll this bequest from our clime, The Press can cement, or dismember a nation. Be thy temple the mind! There, like Vesta, enshrined, Watch and foster the flame, which inspires human kind!
CHORUS.
Preserving all arts, may all arts cherish thee; And thy science and virtue teach man to be free!
ELEGANT EXTRACT.
From an oration delivered at New York, by John T. Irvine, before the Tammany and other societies, on the 4th of July last.
"ERIN! Gem of the Ocean! ERIN! The land of beauty, of bravery, and enthusiasm! Where an Orr, a Fitzgerald perished, on the threshold of liberty; where a Tone once waved the beaming sword of patriotism like a halo around his brows; where an Emmet stood forth dauntless in virtue, who made a Felix to tremble in the very seat of arbitrary power—who dashed brute violence in the hour of its triumph; who descended into the tomb like a flame, and whose genius shed a blaze of glory round the horrors of his grave! Oh sages! Oh mighty men of battle! Have you then fallen in vain? Have your groans been wasted in the wind? Has your blood sunk forgotten in the earth? No, no! Ireland has numbered your groans; Ireland has recorded your
actions; Ireland has received your blood upon her bosom; it shall nourish a future race of heroes, brave as their fathers, but more successful."
"Like the stars of the battle ye set, But enough of your glory remains on each sword, To light them to victory yet."
"The harp of Erin shall again be struck to the song of liberty; her tears of sorrow shall be exchanged for smiles of gladness, and her green hills shall echo with the shouts of emancipated millions."
SINGULAR ESCAPE.
Mr. Ellison's recital of his singular escape from Verdun. Liverpool, July 3d, 1809.
"As you wish to know how I effected my escape, I shall briefly give you the heads of it.—Last July a friend and myself determined to attempt to give the rascals the slip; but as both of us were entered into an engagement with eight more to our commandant to be responsible for each other, and that, if one ran away the others should be imprisoned—to get clear of that, we missed muster one morning on purpose to get imprisoned, which succeeded. We had ropes round our bodies; saws, gimblets, &c. in our hats; and at twelve that night worked our way out, though surrounded with centinels. We got close to one, where we thought there had not been any; he hailed us, and we scampered off. He must have been a young recruit, for he did not give the alarm; and we got down the wall. The rope was so small we could not hold it, and both of us fell about fifty feet; I was sadly hurt about the loins, and fainted as soon as I reached the wood, (where we had previously stowed our provisions.) My companion strained his ankle, and we stopped in the wood four days till he was able to march. We were taken the thirteenth day, going through a small town at eleven at night, and conducted back to Verdun, where they kept me, hands and feet in irons for seven days; and then sent us off to Bitche, which is a most dreadful place; and where they kept us in general under ground. It is a strong fort, built upon an amazing high rock, and surrounded at the bottom by three different high ramparts, the rock is entirely hollowed out, and capable of containing the whole garrison if besieged. After being there a little time we made interest with the commandant to live above ground; and no sooner got possession of a room up stairs, than we began to scheme how to get out of it. There were twelve of us—we first began manufacturing a rope, which we made out of a new linen cloth that we got from town; we then got a friend, who resided there to get us a good gimblet; and on the 8th of December, forced both locks on our chamber door, and cut through another one with the above instrument—and all of us got clear of the fort before eight o'clock, the time the additional centinels are put on. It snowed, and blew very hard, and was most terribly cold. We lay the next day in the snow; and at night started again, and got within two leagues of the Rhine by day light. It had frozen severely in the night, and was so terribly cold, it would have killed us to have stopped that day in the woods; we therefore got into a barn, and lay very snug till four o'clock, when a pair of lovers coming in to enjoy themselves, discovered us and gave the alarm; we got clear of them; but they roused the whole country; and at ten that night we were surrounded by fifty or sixty peasants; two of us escaped their clutches by going different ways; but were both taken a few hours afterwards. I was just stopping into a boat on the Rhine, when two custom house officers got hold of me, and dragged me to my unfortunate companions; we were five of us in our party; the rest went different ways, and four of them got safe home. We were conducted back to the place we had left, and a little time after we were sent to Metz handcuffed, two and two, and then chained all in a string, so short that we had scarcely room to walk. We were sent there as evidence for the good armée who was upon guard the night we started; we acquitted him; and were twenty days travelling in that uncomfortable manner. In coming back, we passed through the depot of Sarre-Libre, where I got a friend to buy me a gimblet, being determined either to escape or break my neck."
The day we arrived at Bitche we were all clapped into a cachot, about forty feet under ground. We had a guard bed to lay upon, as the bottom was covered with water about six inches deep. After staying there three days we got it made known to the commandant that it was impossible for men to exist in that damp place. He ordered us into a room up stairs in the same building; we had three doors locked upon us, a double row of iron bars before the window, and a centinel placed over us; however, we resolved to make an attempt by cutting through the ceiling. We cut up our sheets, blankets, shirts and towels, of which we made a rope 130 feet long; and on the 11th of February, at six o'clock began, and at three in the morning accomplished the business. The floor we cut through was 2 1/2 inch oak. When we got there we found two windows without bars, that looked two different ways; it rained very hard, and we saw the centinel in his box at the opposite side from that we intended to descend, and all got safe out of the building, over two ramparts, when, to our great astonishment, we found a third, which we understood had not gone round that side of the fort: it was about 25 feet, and we had no rope for it; we all dropped safe except the last, who broke his leg; the rest of us separated, but met again at Salzburg. There were two with me. We slept in the woods by day, and traveled by night through a woody mountainous country. We took provisions along with us; and on the 7th day crossed the Rhine, which cost us thirteen guineas; we then had only nine left. We crossed Baden, Wistemburg and Bavaria, without passports, slept in the small villages at night, and went round all the towns, some of which we found great difficulty in rounding: however, on the 19th day we arrived at Salzburg, and got our passports for Trieste. One of my companions was entirely knocked out, we gave him all the money we could spare to follow us in the diligence; and we set out that night on foot, & arrived at Trieste the 7th day, a distance of 260 English miles, and which the natives told us had never been done before in so short a time. We got a passage in an Austrian brig to Malta, then obtained a passage in his majesty's bomb Lucifer, landed in Plymouth, and arrived in Liverpool—in three months and seventeen days.
SEACOME ELLISON,
Of the Rachel."
From the Boston Palladium.
NATURAL HISTORY.
"CHARCOAL and native sulphur have been found fifty-four feet below the surface of the earth, in the neighborhood of Washington."
"How came wood at such a depth in the earth? What turned it to charcoal? Was the surface of the earth ever so low as fifty feet below the present surface?" Washington American.
The hill on which the Congress-house stands is more than eighty feet above the level of tide water of the river, and sixty or seventy above the low lands on the South. It has been thought that in distant ages the bed of the stream was not so deep as at present, but spread over a greater extent, and, as the channel deepened, the water gradually receded, and deposited on the shallows the trees which had been borne down by its current. That the water has gradually receded; the land, being thinly stratified with muddy clay, common to the shores, sand and water-worn pebbles, has put past doubt. Around these trees detached from the shore, mud and other things have collected and deepened the channel by forming a bank. But all this is no reason that there is not stone coal in the vicinity.
Changes as great, & much more astonishing have taken place, both in the old and new world. On Mount Blanc, the highest of the Alps, and on the Appenines, large oyster shells, muscles, clams, and crabs are frequent. In the North of Europe, there is a coal mine a thousand yards in depth, and every body knows coal to be mineralized vegetables. In this mine a whole tree was found so entire, that even the seed and smallest branches were discoverable. In limestone countries, one hundred, two hundred and a thousand miles from the ocean,
marine shells are found at the very bottom of quarries and mines; in the retired and inmost parts of the most firm and solid rocks; upon the tops of the highest hills and mountains; as well as in valleys and plains; not in one country only, but in all places where marble and chalk, alabaster and gyps, and many other things were dug.
In Richmond, (Virg.) in digging wells, sixty, ninety, and a hundred feet below the surface, shark's teeth have been dug up. In Williamsburg, two miles from James river, and sixty miles from the Atlantic, five feet below the surface, the skeleton of a whale was found, which from various circumstances, was supposed to have perished in his native element. We have an account of wood being found at the Eastward, at the depth of 50 feet, with the appearance of being cut with an iron instrument, a part of which remained in the incision, but entirely corroded, while the wood was almost sound. Our papers give us accounts almost every season of fossil wood; echini and entrochi, and strata of various other shells, or earth moulded in them and petrified, being found in the interior, at various depths. Those who will not believe these things to have been deposited first, and the earth over them, must believe with philosophers of old, that they are mere sports of nature, in exact imitation of those that have had life, chrystals shot into the forms of shells, &c. which every one will allow to be absurd.
If such things have been found in other places we can see no reason for astonishment at finding fossil wood fifty feet under ground at Washington; and that it should be turned to charcoal and covered with sulphur, is easy to be accounted for. In sinking wells in and near the city, fossil wood penetrated with pyrites, from forty to fifty feet through gravel, sand and a muddy (sulphate of iron) have been frequently brought up. After digging
at the base of Congress house hill, trees whose vegetable organization was very evident, were discovered, penetrated with pyrites, which in every country, accompanies almost every mineral, particularly decaying vegetables. This composition of sulphur and iron, either natural or artificial, is very well known on being moistened to take fire, and to be the cause of all internal fires. Now a proper quantity of moisture came upon these pyrites, they took fire and burnt the wood to charcoal, and separated the iron from the sulphur; and because there was little or no evaporation, they must continue burning, undiminished, until accident should extinguish them; consequently charcoal and native sulphur was found together.
An example very reasonable and credible to those whose curiosity prompts them to examine; but astonishing and wonderful to those who ridicule "such paltry investigations."
Of all studies, that of nature is the most rational, pleasing and instructive. Of all professions, divinity is the most proper for the investigation of nature; our divines should make it their study; they should not preach & extol the wonderful machinations of her prolific power on the authority of others, but should themselves find "tongues in trees, sermons in stones, and God in every thing."
SCRUTATOR.
* In the text "good"
FROM THE DEMOCRATIC PRESS.
WINE FROM NATIVE GRAPES. The following letter on the manner of making Wine from the native grape, and the advantages to be derived from its cultivation, will be read with interest by all those who have paid any attention to subjects of this kind. Mr. Cooper's veracity, his experience and correctness of observation on Agriculture and fruit trees, and his frankness in communicating the result of his experiments have ranked him among the benefactors of his country.
Cooper's Point, (N. Y.) Sept. 18, JOHN BINNS, Respected Friend—Many persons having a desire to procure an account of the method I used in making WINE FROM THE NATIVE GRAPES, I send you a hasty sketch thereof for publication if you think proper.
I gather the branches of grapes when fully ripe and dry: separate rotten or unripe from the sound & good—the former may be distilled for brandy. For making the wine, I open the cider or apple mill, so as not to mash the stems or seeds, then run the grapes through it to break all the berries; let the mashed fruit stand in a light vessel ten or twelve hours, then lap it in clean straw, lift made damp on the cider press floor, and then press the juice out clean as possible. Then take the pumice, moisten it with water, let it stand as above, and press it again, add liquor to the other, and then add sugar agreeably to the acidity of the grape. I have found from half to one pound to a gallon to be sufficient, and the white Havana sugar the best.
When the sugar is dissolved, put it in a cask for fermentation; fill it tight and morning to work on the fifth. When it discharges a clear white froth, check the fermentation gradually by putting the bung in slack. Ignoring it gradually till the liquor is in a transparent state, then rack it into a clean cask, or return it into the same after having rinsed it well with gravel and water. I find it best to put into the cask a pint or pint and half of French, or good apple brandy, to each gallon of the cask's contents; then fill it about one quarter full of the wine, burn a sulphur match suspended in the bung hole and stop it while burning, after which shake it well to incorporate the smoke and liquor; then fill the cask if you have a sufficient quantity, if not fill it with what is filtered from the lees, which should be done by suspending it in a bag made of linen or flannel in the form of a cream strainer over a broad vessel returning it as it runs, till it drops clear. The liquor thus procured from the lees, improves the other, as its flatness assists in tranquilizing it. In about a month it should be racked again, and I find letting it dribble or pass slowly through the air orpheus into an open vessel, assists in giving it quality of age. I have repeated the racking several times and found benefit from it. When made in the above way it generally fies itself; if not, it may be fined as other wines are.
Taking into consideration with what ease and expedition grape vines may be propagated to advantage, the great expense and uncertainty of being supplied from foreign countries, and the base and dangerous practice of adulteration by many of the vendors of wine, I am induced to urge the propagation of grape vines, especially in such places as shades are wanted, as they may be placed and trained in such a manner as fancy or convenience may direct. Grape vines answer better for shades than trees, and if placed on horizontal arbors between the first and second stories of houses, will not obstruct air or prospect, &c. And is the most favorable situation for the production, quality and protection of the fruit.
Experience has convinced me that the best kind of our native grapes is the most proper to plant and cultivate in our country, as they are proof against the severest winters; are not so subject to blast or rot on the vines as foreign grapes, placed in situations where they can have the full benefit of soil, sun and air. Spread on horizontal arbors and properly trained every spring, their production and quality will exceed the expectation of any who have not seen it tried.
As there are in the United States numbers of persons from countries where the best of wines are made in abundance, many of them must have a thorough knowledge of the business; I hope some of them will favor the public with an account of the process; mine must be imperfect, as it is only experimental.
JOSEPH COOPER.
An Indian cure for the bite of a snake.
From experience on myself & others, I assert the herb Sinacle, to be a speedy cure for the bite of a snake. When immediately applied it will kill or extract the poison, so that it will be no more than the sting of a wasp—the place must be scarified, the root chewed or pounded, and applied to the bite, and some eaten. It is best to use time before it can be procured and the swelling increased, it will take a larger quantity and more to be taken internally, and it will have the desired effect. It is one of the best plants

which appear in the spring, and not unlike to our own, it rises to six inches high, is distinguished from all others by a dark green color; it rises in a bunch with five notched leaves on each stalk, is smooth on both sides, it should be seed in last of May, grows high when seeded—the leaves on each seed stalk are more pointed than others; each branch bears three or more burs, which will adhere to cloth when ripe; the root of the seed stalk dies with the stalk—It perhaps does not seed till three years old. The root in which the virtue lies, is brown and grows on all sides from a small bud, is of blackish color, has a spicy taste and smell; the root when dried will answer the purpose. It grows in rich timbered land, and never among grass—The Mississippi and Missouri bottoms abound with it—I believe it is not bound to a certain latitude.
DAVID ROBINSON.
Port Orange, Aug. 12th, 1809.
WASHINGTON CITY.
FRIDAY, OCTOBER 13.
On the imbecility of English & French restrictions on trade—Continued. —The French government has pursued an equally unwise policy with regard to commerce. In her fruitless attempts to retaliate on her enemy she has still more deeply wounded herself. It is as astonishing that a government so enlightened in other respects should have been so flagrant an ignoramus on this point. Such conduct is among the most striking proofs of the blindness with which ungovernable passion pursues its illegitimate ends. It is, if possible, still more surprising that the eyes of the French government have not been opened by experience. Let us hope that the day of dispassionate reflection will soon arrive, and that Napoleon will at length discern that the solid interest of his nation will be best advanced by a removal of every restriction on neutral trade, and that this will be the most terrible as well as honorable retaliation he can retort upon his enemy.
The French government in adopting the conviction that it would be able to seal the ports of the continent against the introduction of British commodities, surrendered itself to a fatal error. It ascribed to physical force a power which it does not and cannot possess. It fancied that it could carry into effect an object, repugnant to the habits and feelings of ages, by an armed force, only efficient by concentration, and even then subject to the influence of a constant corruption. By a partial enforcement of its measures, it presented the most powerful temptations to fraud by its rich reward in every instance where it was successful. It scattered far and wide the seeds of discontent by producing the impression that the existing deprivations were the offspring of French measures, and not of those of England.
Let us reverse the picture and contemplate the effects of an opposite policy.
Let us suppose that France had opposed to every British restriction on trade a new freedom or privilege; or, in other words, that she had thrown open all her ports to the whole world, even to England herself, and had induced all the nations of the continent to imitate her example.
She would, at once, have had the voice of all nations on her side; and they would have united under such banners without the shadow of coercion. Their people would have supported them heart in hand, ascribing the deprivations they suffered to the English government, against which they would have cordially united.
She would have emboldened neutral commerce to the most strenuous efforts to dispose of her produce and supply her wants, by diminishing the risks attending it and increasing its rewards.
She would have lost the profits of trade (a loss under any aspect of affairs inevitable) but she would have balanced the gains of her enemy by those of neutrals, and have completely succeeded in preventing a monopoly.
She would have retained several of her colonies by the means for their defence which she would have been enabled to gather from their prosperity, and their consequent satisfaction with their parent country.
But it may be said this is all idle, and that just as these remarks might have been some years since, they are inapplicable to the present state of things.
Were this the fact we should not have offered them. They are substantially such as ought still to guide the court of S. Cloud.
It is true that France has lost her marine and most of her colonies, and is shorn of the honors of commerce, and that most of her allies are reduced to the same condition.
It is no less true, that England has
gained a great part of what they have lost.
How then is France and her associates to retrieve what they have lost, or to gain an equivalent for it?
We answer, by an eternal adieu to the system of commercial restriction in all its features.
This will still have the political effect of uniting all the nations of Europe into an indissoluble chain of interest against the despotism of England on the ocean. It will likewise knit them together into a confederacy for the supply of their respective wants among themselves.
It will remove all necessity for coercion. The enterprise of their subjects will be left free to pursue its own career. They will be contented under their governments, and so far as natural means permit, they will, as to the interchange of their commodities, be as one community. The evils they endure they will ascribe to their common enemy.
They will impart new vigor to neutral trade, which will at least share its profits with England, and more effectually than any means in the power of France, arrest her progress to a monopoly of it.
The trade which England enjoys she will pay dearly for, in the immense navies and armies it requires to protect it. By a steady perseverance in the policy recommended, England will every day have to pay dearer and dearer for it, until, finally, her own interest may teach her justice.
Let us descend to a few details.
It is proposed that France and the nations of the continent at once strike off all the shackles opposed to the most perfect freedom of exterior and interior commerce; that, without respect to external trade, they authorise the exportation of their own products even to England, and the importation of her products among themselves even in her vessels.
The effect of this total freedom will be to try the weakest point in the British system of restrictions, the avarice on which alone it is founded. The new inducements hereby held out to the gratification of this ruling passion will produce ten thousand infractions of the English system by English subjects, and will completely turn the tables upon her. She will be able to do nothing, but by a coercion that shall cost her more than the temptation held out to its violation. Neutral and English ships will at once swarm in every sea; the profits of trade will sink infinitely below their present value; an increased interchange of products will take place; natural advantages will be cultivated; manufactures will be extended over the face of Europe, and England will only retain one advantage over other nations, the profits of a trade, which, by their great reduction and the immense experience of her naval establishments, will soon be of but little absolute value.
That these effects would be insured there can be little doubt from the following considerations.
The principal value of the commerce of Great Britain flows from the sale of her manufactures. For the fabrication of these she would not be, under the circumstances suggested, better qualified than France, and other portions of the continent. In these countries it is well understood that the price of labor is much lower than in England, arising from their comparatively low value of provisions and freedom from taxes. It may be added, that in a compact population they have likewise, in many large districts, an advantage over England. If to all this it be added that they are never exposed to a scarcity of food, while England is periodically visited by it, we shall be satisfied that they only want a full supply of raw materials at moderate prices, and a market for the sale of the goods manufactured from them, soon to become rivals in this respect with England. The entire abolition of all restrictions will afford them raw materials in abundance at prices very little above those paid for them in England, and will enable them, from the low price of labor, cheapness of provisions, and saving of freights, to undersell, at least, in their own markets, the British manufacturer. Thus will they, by these means, at once establish the foundations of their own prosperity, and undermine those of England by cutting off that portion of her manufactures needed for their consumption; nations will become less dependant on one another; the aggregate commerce of the world will sustain a vast diminution; and England, with an abridged market for the sale of her manufactures, and reduced profits of trade, will be compelled, consulting her true interests and glory, to bring down her immense marine, which will thenceforth cease to be the scourge of the civilised world. She will realise the adage, that the commerce which requires fighting for is not worth possessing.
The world has a right to expect this wise policy from Napoleon, whenever
reposing from his conquests, he shall for himself dispassionately investigate the subject.
PENNSYLVANIA ELECTION.
On Tuesday last an Election was held in the state of Pennsylvania for members of the state Legislature. The political character of Pennsylvania is well known; but we had not anticipated a result so auspicious to republicanism as that of the election in Philadelphia city and county for a member of Congress to supply the vacancy occasioned by the resignation of Dr. Say. The votes, as far as heard from, are as follows:
   Seybert. Smith.     City of Philadelphia 2548 1957   Northern Liberties and Pasyunk 1522 425   4070 2382  
INSANITY.
QUEM DEUS VULT PERDERE PRIUS DEMENTAT.
The following is from the "Independent American" of yesterday:
"The late elections in Maryland and Vermont have terminated in favor of his Imperial Majesty. The Emperor's maxim of Divide and destroy is working wonders in this our country. And were it not for one thing we should soon be united in bonds of concord with the slaves of the emperor and king!"
FOR THE NATIONAL INTELLIGENCER.
ON ADDRESSES.
IT is with regret that I have for some time past perused the numerous Addresses to the Chief Magistrate which have appeared in the public prints. This regret has been heightened by the quarter from whence they proceed. We must all recollect the indignant feelings excited in the breasts of the republicans by the tone of the addresses presented to Mr. Adams & his replies during his administration. It is true that that tone was very different from the spirit that characterises the Addresses of the present day. Political intolerance and rancor were the principal ingredients of the former, while liberality and good-will animate the latter. It will still, however, be recollected, that this was not the sole objection then urged to these compositions. They were considered as radically wrong; as, in the abstract, founded upon incorrect principles; as dangerous to liberty when abused, and as often productive of great mischief even when used with the utmost discretion. It is, in my opinion, time to recal the public attention to this subject, that those who undoubtedly have the good of their country at heart may not in the excess of their zeal commit its best interests.
We appreciate rules of action according to their utility, or their liability to abuse. If the observance of a principle is productive of great and general benefit, we pronounce it correct. If, on the contrary, although sometimes useful, it is much more susceptible of abuse, we consider it incorrect. Now, it will be generally admitted, that addresses, unless a nation is placed in very peculiar circumstances, can produce little, if any, good, however judiciously framed; while they may produce serious and extensive evil.
Contemplated in the most favorable light, they only serve to announce the prevalence of certain political opinions, which can be, and in fact are, indicated more accurately by the elections which occur in every state at least once a year. But if this be their sole object, it can be as well attained by the passage and publication of resolutions, without putting them into the shape of addresses, presented with the expectation of distinct and pointed answers.
It may be said, that at present no injurious effects can flow from addresses to the Chief Magistrate and his answers. But were this the case, (I shall shew hereafter that it is far from being so) it ought to be considered that the greatest dangers encountered by liberty have proceeded from bad precedents set in good times which have time immemorial served as the covering of the most fatal machinations against the common welfare. Thus, during the bad times of Mr. Adams's rule the acrimonious and impassioned addresses and replies with which public prints teemed, so far from becoming a precedent, served as a beacon to guard future times against like excesses, and was among the instruments of his overthrow; while, on the contrary, during the present good times, a practice then reprobated is received, if not with approbation, at best with indifference by every description of men who then condemned it. Like the natural body, which in vigorous health often bids defiance to the rudest shocks, but which, when diseased, easily sinks beneath the quackery of empirics.
The most flagrant abuse, perhaps, to which this practice is often rendered subservient, is its mischievous effect on our foreign relations. As this is the source of our principal difficulty,
every thing that has a tendency to aggravate it ought to be carefully avoided. Those relations are almost always necessarily shrouded in obscurity, and perpetually shifting. The storm of one day is frequently followed by the sun-shine of the next; and if the change be not so decisive, yet the door of reconciliation may be re-opened, and a prospect furnished of renewed amity—when, at the very moment, perhaps, that negotiations are pending which promise this effect, a thundering Address is presented to the President on the wrongs received from the government with whose representative friendly conferences are going on, and an Answer extorted from him, every word of which is seized with an anxiety to extract from it an intimation or sentiment favorable to the views of the Addressers. If his Answer cautiously abstain from the expression of any decisive opinion, he is exposed to the imputation of a want of patriotism or spirit; if it is made an echo to the Address, it is eagerly seized by foreign governments as a proof of hostility to them. And, however circumspectly it may be penned, the truth is that it is not within the compass of human prudence or ingenuity to form a composition, which may not be wrested from its honest meaning to one of a very opposite character, and be the unintentional instrument of delusion instead of illumination.
Further—These Addresses, altho' usually approbatory of the measures of the government, may assume the tone of condemnation, and call from the President, if the wishes of the addressers be his guide, a vindication of them. They will tell us, that the Chief Magistrate that answers one description of Addresses ought to treat the other with equal courtesy; and thus, we shall have opened in the face of the nation a political amphitheatre; exhibiting the President in conflict with every portion of the people that chuse to enter the ring. To say nothing of the total disregard of dignity evinced by such a spectacle, it will have the mischievous effects of exciting and blazoning our divisions to the foreign world who never fail to profit by them, and of exposing our President to the necessity of taking the field with very unequal weapons, or of fatally betraying the public interests, in the one instance suppressing from a sense of duty the ready means of his defence, and in the other revealing circumstances that will destroy all confidence between him and foreign governments.
The next strong objection that suggests itself to this practice is, the time it takes from the Chief Magistrate, which ought to be employed in the discharge of his official duties. All will admit, that except in very special cases, the time taken up in framing replies is at best uselessly spent. A private individual may employ his time as he pleases without accounting to any human tribunal, provided he steer clear of a violation of the positive laws of the land; though even he, if gifted with high attainments, will not fail to incur the general censure, if he omits to discharge the social duties required by public opinion. But the case of a Chief Magistrate, the field of whose constitutional duties is so extensive and arduous, is totally different. What shall we say of such a magistrate, who neglects these duties to keep up an unofficial correspondence, which, so far from being productive of public benefit, is often extremely pernicious? Does not, moreover, the constitution, in prescribing the duties of the President, virtually assign limits to them? If so, when that constitution says, it shall be his duty to see the laws executed, and to communicate to Congress, from time to time, such information as he shall deem conducive to the general welfare, does it not implicitly inhibit the occupation of his time in such a way as interferes with his attention to the execution of the laws, or communicating to sections of the people that information which it reserves for the whole, assembled, according to the theory of the government, by its representatives? It would really seem, as if the enlightened framers of our constitution, indignant at the abuses of addresses in the disastrous period of the Stuarts, and leaning that the same debasing scenes might be acted again in this country, had, without giving a ludicrous importance to the subject, created this restraint against its abuse.
In a subsequent number, if my leisure allows, this subject will be pursued.
LYCURGUS.
FOR THE NATIONAL INTELLIGENCER.
THE NEW WORLD.
No. IV.
An enquiry into the National Character of the People of the United States of America.
To these influential foreign settlements and migrations to the present dominions of the United States mentioned in the last chapter, there remains to be added the great number and
variety of persons from the European continent and the West Indies, which have come hither during the two centuries of our existence; from the year 1609 to the current year. The population of the single state of Pennsylvania, which seems to have been nearly quadrupled in thirty-three years, though constantly sending out people, is a very impressive fact, relating to this point. But, if we compute our whole population at two millions at the declaration of independence, it probably is little less than four-fold at the present time, including the Louisianians.
We proceed now to a distinct point in the formation of the mass of the North American population: and it will require the discriminating faculties and all the frankness of our readers to surmount established & ancient prejudices.
We mean to say, that it is very important to a correct estimate of the American population and character, and of the degree, in which we were actually English colonists, a mere emanation of English qualities, that we should consider the other British European states as really distinct and materially different from the English kingdom.
The American provinces were taking a consistency in the year 1706, when the English and Scotch nations, agreed to unite or rather to confederate. From 1603 they had been governed by the same kings, but in Scotland the predominance of the civil law, of an anti-episcopal religion, of military tenures, of a foreign tongue and a different dialect, freedom from Saxon, Danish and Norman laws and institutions, the shepherd state, the unimproved condition of agriculture, and that actual spirit of hostility, which never was broken down till the time of George the second, all combine to render the Scotch a people of a temper, disposition and character materially different from the English. It is correct therefore to affirm, that the derivations of men, manners, habits, principles, religion, morals and institutions from Scotland to the North American provinces have contributed to infuse qualities, really not English into the American people, economy and character.
Similar remarks arise upon the subject of the Irish nation and establishments. The Presbyterians, in the North of that kingdom, are a mixed people, with very perceptible Scottish characteristics. The Irish, on the other hand, have strongly reacted upon the Scotch. It is well known that an immense and incessant stream of Hibernian people, Presbyterian and Roman Catholics, has flowed into the middle states. The degree of similarity of the Irish Catholics to the English Episcopalians is no more than that which a conquered people exhibits when compared with their conquerors. They remain in Europe the most discordant and contrasted classes of the population of the united kingdoms. These numerous emigrants have not infused into this nation any thing material of the proper English character. The progenitors of the Scotch and Irish Presbyterians made and successfully pressed upon England the political, religious and ecclesiastical "solemn league and covenant" of the sixteenth century. Its influence was most sensibly felt in the English nation in the middle of the seventeenth century, and little indeed was it deemed congenial with the character of the Anglo Saxon inhabitants of the kingdom of England at the time of planting America.
During the most vigorous periods of the North America provinces the Irish and Scoto-Hibernian families were of very great power and weight and in every stage of the contest with Great Britain, civil and independent, they formed a strong body of influential opponents, or decided revolutionists. The institutions they aimed to establish were those of their native American compatriots. They did not desire the monarchy, the aristocracy, the hierarchy, the standing army by sea and land, nor the established Church of England.
It will not be considered as a mere refinement to estimate the Welsh emigrants to the U. S. as a section of people not entirely of the English stock or character during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, in which the American provinces were commenced and matured to a separate independence. Without the limits of Scotland and Wales, the Saxons, in England proper, had vanquished the Britons, so far as to become the dominant and characterising political community. From the time of the Roman conquest of England there has never been a subjection of the Welsh to the Italian empire or to any of the successive conquerors of England. The mountains of Wales strengthened the native defence, and, from their poverty perhaps, failed to attract any of the invaders. The Welsh,

on the contrary, gave England a race of energetic sovereigns in the House of Tudor, which commenced with Henry the seventh and ended with the memorable queen Elizabeth. The distinction between the English and Welsh character and institutions was so great that the Legislature of England found it absolutely necessary to abrogate and suppress their institutions and customs by a special law, stronger than the measure of George the second to change the institutions and habits of the Scotch. The ancient Britons have to this day a separate language, and, even in their English, a Welsh dialect. The line of Welsh sovereigns of England ending with Elizabeth in 1603, and the troubles of the Scottish kings of England never ceasing till the non-existence of the Stuart line, it cannot be doubted that the numerous and early Welsh emigrants to the middle provinces of America brought with them a portion of their inextinguishable national character, with its actual variations from that of the Anglo-Saxons or their modern English descendants.
Though no commixture of our Indian tribes with the European settlers in this country, or with their descendants, has ever taken place, yet there cannot be a doubt, that many lessons have been drawn from the untutored operations of the human mind, and from the workings of the head and feelings of the rude savages. They exhibit man under the exclusive influence of natural causes. The actual presence of the red tribes and that of the African people, to the number a million in the whole, is no inconsiderable fact in a nation of less than seven millions of white persons. The Cors and villeins of Europe are of the same origin, complexion and religion as their masters. The cors or villeins or black labourers of America are of another race and country, of a different color, and the unfrequent and uncertain worshippers of an obscure, and unknown deity, whom they endeavor to propitiate by rude and humble sacrifices, at the graves of their departed relations and through entreaties, by means of those deceased friends. The determined and tractable spirit and other characteristics of the Indian tribes are displayed in their constant wars with the aggressors and insulting whites, and their constant peace with the whites who have been just and conciliating. The blacks, in other countries, have been admitted by various churches, says Lanjumais, "to the sacraments; to the ecclesiastical orders, and even to the episcopal character; to the duties of pastors and missionaries; to the doctor's degree; to the office of pleader and to the rank of general. The enlightened court of Berlin appointed a negro a counsellor of state, and he proved to be one of the most able of those who have been honored with that title. In short the negroes have distinguished themselves as artists; as professors of the ancient and modern languages, of mathematics and philosophy, and as physicians."
The people of America well know, that the case of the blacks in America has occasioned every where profound disquisitions on the natural history of man, on the rights of human nature, and upon the pure morality and exquisite benevolence of the Christian religion.
It will be remembered, that the people of the North American provinces, before their revolution, had never seen a foreign born army of more than a few hundred men, nor any considerable foreign navy. The French army of Rochambeau co-operated with that of Washington for several years, in many of the most ancient countries of the U. States. The manners, rank, military talents, and general knowledge of the officers and the disciplined correctness of the soldiers impressed the public mind, as well as the government, the army, the navy and the militia of the United States with high ideas of their merit and character. When the presence of the French navy is also remembered, and that many foreigners of rank, talents and enterprise served in the American army and navy, and mixed intimately with the circles of society, it will be naturally presumed, that those foreigners, in one of the most influential situations of human life, must have excited very considerable attention. The case of the United States, in the war of their revolution, electrized the allied Gallic army and Gallic navy in our fields and waters. It is well known how eminent the officers of the army of Rochambeau and of their fleet in America, rendered themselves, as the soldiers of liberty during the first years of the French revolution. Among the number of causes, proximate and remote, which contributed to excite to political reformation in France, the sentiments imbued by their military characters here, are not to be forgotten. They gave us, probably, in return, many impressions, and taught America, by their early imitation of her great act, the wisdom, the virtue, and the vast im-
portance of her memorable achievement. If the plan and extent of this enquiry were to comprise a volume some additional considerations might be adduced to prove that even the American provinces were rather the colonies of all Europe, than of the English kingdom alone. We might establish the argument with increased force, in reference to the present time, when the twenty-fourth year of actual separation is rolling o'er our heads. But the adduction of evidence respecting objects in our country derived from continental, Scottish and Hibernian Europe will not here be further pursued. In the following paper it is intended to display a number of revolutions in the ancient English institutions occasioned or adopted in North America, in the time of our confederation with the British kingdom.
COLUMBIANUS.
New-York, October 7. The following decree has been received by a commercial house in this city from the American Consul at St. Petersburg, with a request that it may be published in the Mercantile Advertiser for the information of the Merchants generally, and accompanied by the assurance that its provisions will be rigidly enforced; at the same time the government will give every indulgence and facility to the neutrals vessel conforming thereto.
Petersburg, June 14. "It is universally known how firmly Russia has endeavored for ages to protect the trade of neutrals during the war carried on by European powers; it is notorious, with what courage that Empire has sheltered the interests of trading nations from the fury of the war. True to these unalterable principles, we entertained a hope that, during the present rupture with England, the trade with allied nations would also offer no motive to them of a different direction. But the experience of last year has convinced us that the enemy has found means to misuse neutral bottoms for the benefit of his trade, and we feel accordingly obliged to adopt the following measures, in order to prevent it in future.
"I. Every Captain who enters any of our ports is bound to prove his ship or vessel to be neutral property by the passport, the bill of sale, and the log book & the cargo to be so by the charter party, the bill of lading, his own declaration, and a certificate of the origin of the goods, in cases where the whole or part of the cargo belongs to the Captain or Agent, and the ship has set sail from America or the West Indies, or is bound for those ports. Should any of those documents be wanting, the Captain shall immediately leave the port, and not be permitted to discharge his cargo.
"II. Ships in port, laden with goods which can be proved to be the production of an enemy's country, shall be detained, the goods declared confiscated, & sold publicly in behalf of the Crown. If the goods amount to more than one half of the cargo, not only the lading but the ship shall be declared confiscated.
"III. A passport given by a neutral friendly, or allied power, will not be sufficient for the justification of the Captain, if any circumstances appear which do not agree with the passport, or if the name of the ship mentioned in the passport does not agree with that found in the other papers of the ship, unless it clearly appears papers have been duly signed by persons having the proper authority, in which case the difference in the name shall not make against the Captain.
"IV. The passport given to the Captain shall not be acknowledged legal if the ship supplied with it shall not have been, at the time specified, in the port in the name of which the passport is given.
"V. When any Ship Supercargo, Captain and more than one third of the crew, shall be subjects of an hostile power, or when on board any ship there shall be no muster-roll, signed by the officers of the neutral place from which the ship sailed, the ship and cargo shall be declared confiscated to the use of the Crown, but the crews shall be set at liberty.
"VI. If the passport produced by the Captain shall be false, or forged, the ship and cargo shall be declared confiscated to the use of the Crown, and the Captain delivered over to justice to be proceeded against as a forger. The crew shall be set at liberty.
"VII. When in any ship double documents of different import are found, the ship and cargo shall be confiscated to the use of the Crown. If the Captain will endeavour to defend himself, but owing to insufficient proofs, the ship shall be detached, and time, if requested, be granted to the Captain to procure them from the place of his departure. If at the expiration of the time granted he produces no proofs, the ship and cargo shall be confiscated.
"VIII. Every ship not built by a friendly power shall not be considered
as neutral unless it can be legally proved by its papers that it was bought or transferred before the Declaration of war; if this does not appear, the ship and cargo shall be confiscated to the use of the Crown.
"IX. If the master or Captain of a ship shall be a native of a hostile nation and have passports from a neutral or friendly power, these shall not avail him unless they prove that he became the subject of, and resided with a neutral Power before the Declaration of war—On the failure of this proof the ship and cargo shall be confiscated to the use of the Crown."
From the Salem Gazette.
After we had got our paper to press last evening, we received the following account, from Capt. Sam. Leach, of the brig Harriot, from Cadiz:—
He informs that on the 14th of Aug. two days previous to his sailing, accounts were received of another battle having been fought, between the combined armies and the French, in which the British army under Sir A. Wellesley was totally defeated, and the Spanish army under Gen. Cuesta, completely annihilated; and that the remnant of the British, together with a small body of Portuguese troops connected with them, were on their retreat into Portugal. The action took place between Seville and Madrid, about the 10th Aug. The combined armies were proceeding towards Madrid, with good prospect of success, when they were encountered by the French, who had received great reinforcements, and were thus enabled to overpower them. No particulars of the losses were ascertained previous to Capt. Leach's sailing. The Supreme Junta were said to be without apprehension of danger, notwithstanding this reverse; and the news was as much as possible suppressed at Cadiz. [It will be observed that this vessel left Cadiz several days before the vessel which brought out the Spanish Minister; by which vessel, however, this news was not received.]
FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE.
From the London Globe of Aug. 25.
The more the intelligence from Spain, which we communicated yesterday, is considered, the more gloomy it appears. Sir Arthur Wellesley admitted in his dispatches, that after the battle of Talavera, Victor retreated in very regular order, and that some days elapsed before he withdrew his rear-guard. To this evidence, showing that his defeat was not decisive, we may now add the rapidity with which he returned to Talavera, the moment he found the British army had commenced its retreat. The sudden and rapid advance of Soult to Placentia, shews how erroneous all our ideas have been respecting his situation. His army was represented as a mere handful of fugitives, totally incapable of any military operation, and yet we find that he has been able to join Ney, with whom he was stated to have quarrelled, and Mortier, who is now noticed for the first time, and by a masterly movement of almost unexampled rapidity, to reach Placentia, at a moment when Sir A. Wellesley supposed him wandering in the north of Spain, for it is evident, that he did not think him capable of making such a movement. It thus appears, that the movements of Victor and Soult were the result of a deep and well concerted plan, to envelope and overwhelm the British army; a plan, for the execution of which they possessed every possible facility; as Soult, who was represented in such a deplorable state, is said to have accelerated his march by the extraordinary means of a number of light flat bottomed boats, which he conveyed in waggons, for the purpose of passing rivers without waiting to seek for fords, or to make rafts, while Sir Arthur Wellesley was obliged to leave all his wounded behind him in Talavera, from the want of the ordinary means of conveyance. All impediment to the junction of Victor & Soult being thus removed by the retreat of the combined English and Spanish armies across the Tagus, at Almaraz and Ponte de Arcebispo, to the south side of the river, the plan of the campaign is completely deranged, if not indeed entirely deserted. Intelligence of the Armistice in Germany it is said, had reached the British headquarters before Sir Arthur commenced his retreat, but the advance of Soult was sufficient cause for the movement. The joint force of Soult and Ney being probably not short of 60,000 men, a retreat across the Tagus was indeed the only means of safety left open to him. According to the extracts from the foreign papers which we gave yesterday, the English headquarters were on the 7th at Deleitosa, considerably to the south of the Tagus, and about 40 miles from Talavera. Private accounts add that he was continuing his retreat in the direction of Merida and Seville, and that part of his army had already reached Trujil-
lo. We hope that these accounts may prove correct, as he will be in the best sources of supply, and sure of effecting his retreat to the coast. Stores of every kind, it is added, had been sent off to him from Seville, Cadiz, and various other towns, together with horses, mules and other means of conveyance, of which he was so much in want. Our readers will do us the justice to admit that we never amused them with all the benefits that ministers expected to derive from a march to Madrid. We can therefore with the more satisfaction congratulate Sir Arthur Wellesley upon his fortunate escape. Had he been unfortunately provided with means of transports to follow up the battle of Talavera, and pursue Victor, Soult would not have been at Placentia but at Talavera, and the combined army would have been caught in that trap, from which it has escaped by a rapid retreat and movement across the Tagus. The force that occupied Romana, Beresford, and Sir R. Wilson, being withdrawn to the Tagus, they will probably advance to threaten its rear. As to the corps of Venegas, on its march to Madrid, if it really has reached Aranjuez, it must be sacrificed if it advances, and it is scarcely possible that it should be able to effect its escape, and regain the mountains of the Sierra Morena.
Extract of a letter from an officer on board his majesty's ship San Domingo, dated Flushing, 19th Aug. 1809, to his brother in Glasgow.
"The French troops marched out this morning. We go up to-morrow to Antwerp, to attack the French fleet there. They are 7 sail of the line, 3 frigates and 70 sail of gun-boats & brigs. They have got a boom and chain across the river protected by heavy batteries, but that will have no effect; no chain, boom or battery can stop a British line of battle ship. I have been up the Scheldt within four miles of the French Admiral's ship, surveying the river, and am to take up the fleet to-morrow, if the wind will serve. I am appointed Master Attendant at Flushing, and shall resume my place as soon as we come down the Scheldt, if it please God Almighty to preserve me in the next battle. The San Domingo was laid alongside of the walls, near the harbor's mouth; shortly after we were in action, we got aground on the Dog Sand, but all the time we were on shore, the whole of our larboard broadside bore on the enemy's batteries. It was totally impossible for the enemy's troops to stand in the batteries against us. We completely knocked up 80 36 pounders that bore upon us, and the last half hour we were on shore they did not fire a single gun at us. We had 19 shot in our hull and about 200 in our sails and rigging, and had not a single man killed and only two wounded."
FROM THE FRENCH PAPERS.
Talavera, July 29.—The British army which was in Portugal under General Wellesley, after having joined the insurgents under Cuesta, had marched against the first corps, hoping, with triple numbers, to beat it, and effect its junction with the troops under Venegas.
Already had the British flattered themselves with getting to Madrid; but the events that have passed during the three days that have elapsed, have a good deal deranged the plan of the campaign. His majesty, after the affair of the 28th, continued to pursue the enemy, who arrived on the fine position of Talavera, and entrenched themselves. His dispositions announced an intention of maintaining himself to the last extremity—yet, after having been vigorously attacked by the French army, having lost a part of his infantry and a whole regiment of cavalry, he abandoned his position. In these circumstances the French have proved as they have often done, that whatever be the position and number of their enemies, they can overcome all obstacles. The British and insurgents sustained great loss—ours is not considerable.
General Latour Maubourg's division entered Talavera this morning.
We have received news from marshal Soult; he marched on the 25th in the direction of Placentia. Paris, August 9.—We have letters from Santa Olalla of the 29th ult. at ten P. M. which mention the new victory gained over the British, Portuguese and insurgents. The loss of the British is enormous. We took 800 prisoners, and a whole regiment of cavalry. This regiment was taken by one of ours, which opened its ranks to receive its charge, and then cut off their retreat. The rest of the British column, which constitutes the whole force of the enemy, is in full retreat.
Amsterdam, August 4.—In all the Synagogues, the Rabbis have exhorted the Jews to arm in defence of the country. In the present circumstances an extraordinary levy of seamen is to take place. Able seamen are to have 10 florins bounty, and ordinary seamen have half that sum.
In Act supplementary to the act, entitled, "An act regulating the weight and quality of Bread."
SEC. 1. BE it enacted by the First and Second Chambers of the Council of Washington, That the duty heretofore required to be performed by the Mayor or by the fourth section of the act entitled, "An act regulating the weight and quality of Bread," hereafter devolve on and shall be performed by the Register, any thing in the said act to the contrary notwithstanding.
SEC. 2. And be it further enacted, That it shall be the duty of the Police Officers to enter the Bake-houses, Stores and Shops where Bread is sold in their respective districts, and also to examine the carriages employed in carrying Bread about from house to house, and to examine the Bread found therein, and if the same or any part thereof shall not be made in conformity with the directions of the said act, he shall proceed against the person or persons so offending agreeably to the directions of the aforesaid act.
SEC. 3. And be it further enacted, That if any Baker shall refuse, at a reasonable hour, to permit the bread in his possession to be examined and weighed by any Police Officer, or shall conceal the same from the said Police Officer, when desiring to examine and weigh the same, he shall forfeit the sum of twenty dollars for every day's refusal, to be recovered before a magistrate, one half thereof shall go to the informer, and the other to the City Treasurer for the use of the Corporation.
SAML. N. SMALLWOOD, President of the First Chamber. DANL. RAPINE, President of the Second Chamber. APPROVED, October 3, 1809. ROBERT BRINT, Mayor.
WANTED TO PURCHASE, AN ACTIVE NEGRO GIRL, From 18 to 24 years of age, qualified for house-work, of good character and industrious habits. One from the country would be preferred. Enquire of the Printer. October 13—4t
THE Subscriber has opened SCHOOL, at BROAD-CREEK, near Pisherville, Prince Georges-county, wherein are Taught the English and Latin Languages, grammatically, Geography, Writing, Arithmetically, Book-Keeping, Geometry, & Trigonometry, with their application to Mensuration, Land Surveying, Navigation, &c. GEORGE REYNOLDS. French, Dancing and Penning, taught at the Academy. October 13—3t
NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN, THAT the Subscribers have obtained from the Orphans Court of Washington county and District of Columbia, Letters Testamentary on the Estate of Joseph Vanden, late of the said district, deceased. All persons indebted to the said estate are requested to make immediate payment, and all persons having claims against the said deceased are hereby warned to exhibit the same with the vouchers thereof to the subscribers, on or before the 15th day of April next, they may otherwise by law be excluded from all benefit of said estate. Given under our hands this 12th day of October 1809. DANIEL BRINT, WILLIAM BRINT, Executors of the last Will and Testament of Joseph Vanden, deceased. October 13—w3t
WILL BE SOLD AT PUBLIC AUCTION, On Wednesday next, at my House in Fish street between Bridge street & Gay street. The following articles, viz. 1 Mahogany Side-Board, 1 Book Case, mahogany, 1 Do. walnut, Bureau, Tables and Chairs, Kitchen Furniture, 2 Ten-pine Stoves, Cots and Bedsteads, 1 Grate and Trivet, 1 Sheet-Iron Stove, 1 Writing Desk, 1 Bird Cage and Cradle, A great many Books and Maps, And a great many good and neat ready made Waistcoats, &c. &c. The Sale to commence at Ten o'clock, A. M. Terms of sale, CASH under $50; above $50, negotiable notes at the Banks of Columbia or Washington, with approved endorsers, at 60 days. BENJAMIN DAVIES. Georgetown, October 13—3t
FOR SALE. WILL be offered for sale to the highest bidder, at 12 o'clock on Wednesday the 8th day of November next—
THE ESTATE. On which the subscriber lives in Montgomery county, four miles east of the Court-House, containing 350 and 550 Acres. This Land is distant from the city of Washington 15, and Baltimore 30 miles—has on it a good Dwelling House, and every other necessary building & a newly erected Distillery; it lies well, is not subject to washing, and has plenty of springs of good water—some of it is rich, and most of it in good heart; has a sufficiency of woodland for all the purposes of enclosing, repairs, and of firewood for a hundred years to come. The times of payment will be in four equal instalments, one of which in hand and one in each of three succeeding years. The title will be indisputable. BENJ. G. ORR. Honeywood, October 13—idos
LEATHER MANUFACTORY, High street, near the Post-Office and opposite Mr. Miligan's book-store, Georgetown. JOHN C. THOMPSON, & Co. MANUFACTURE and SELL BOG LEGS of all kinds in the most complete manner; Upper Leather, Vex and Grain Calfskin, Bridle and Harness Leather, Covering Hides and Skating; all kinds of Sole Leather and every other article in their line. They purchase Leather in the rough or finished. Orders thankfully received and punctually attended to. N. B. Orr for sale by the barrel or gallon. Also a quantity of Morocco Leather of all colors. Cash will be given for Raw Hides or Skins. October 4—w3m

WORTH NOTICE.
ENGLISH FOR SALE. On Square No. 464 in the City of Washington...
The subscribers have also on hand, a small collection of Fruit Trees and Lombardy Poplars...
ALICE HEPBURN, ALEXANDER HEPBURN. October 5-36W3t
THOMAS W. PAIRD has removed into his New Store on E street near the Bank...
WASHINGTON, October 6-3t. The subscriber informs his friends and the public...
FOR SALE. French Brandy, Holland Gin, Jamaica Spirits...
FOR CASH. He has recently opened a LIVERY STABLE back of Carroll's Long Row...
W. B. Oysters will be kept during the Season and cooked in the best manner...
R. D. B. Sept. 25-
LANDS FROM THE SUBSCRIBER. Living in Brenton, Prince William County, Va...
GERALD ALEXANDER, Sen. Sept. 22-7W.
FORI-TOBACCO JOCKEY CLUB RACES. The Port Tobacco Jockey Club Races will commence...
ON THE FIRST DAY. Will be run for a purse of two hundred and fifty dollars...
WILLIAM D. HARRISON, Sec. Sept. 22-7W.
WASHINGTON JOCKEY CLUB RACES. The Washington Jockey Club Races will commence...
ON THE FIRST DAY will be run for a Purse of 750 dollars...
WEDNESDAY. The second day will be run for a Purse of 350 dollars...
THURSDAY. The third day will be run for, the Colt's Purse of 300 dollars...
It is believed that the Purse will not be less than as above stated...
The racing on each day is to be conducted in all respects agreeably to the rules of the Club.
N. B. The members of the Club are particularly requested to meet at the Union Tavern...
By order of the Stewards. Georgetown, October 9-1R
Bank of Washington. Oct. 3, 1809. At a meeting of the President and Directors...
Resolved, That it shall be optional for each Stockholder to anticipate the payment of the 5th, 10th, 15th and 20th instalment on his share or shares...
By order of the President and Directors. SAM. ELLIOT, Jun. Cashier. Oct. 4-2N.
ENGLISH FOR SALE.
ON THE late Commissioners of the city of Washington, in the 24th December 1793...
And whereas, the Chancellor of the state of Maryland, in a certain suit lately pending...
And whereas, the said Edward Burd, in and to the said squares, became pledged, by way of mortgage...
And whereas, at the time of sale or contract for the sale of the before-mentioned squares...
And whereas there are in the public's part or portion of the aforesaid squares...
And whereas, by a further supplement to the act concerning the Territory of Columbia...
And whereas, the Superintendent appointed as aforesaid shall and will at 11 o'clock A.M. on Monday...
THOMAS MUNROE, Sup. August 19-4w4t
CABINET AND CHAIR MANUFACTORY.
THE Subscriber informs his friends and the public in general, that he still continues to carry on the Cabinet and Chair Making business...
He has for sale a quantity of MAHOGANY of a very superior quality which he will dispose of on reasonable terms...
WILLIAM WORTHINGTON, JR. October 9-
CHATEAU MARGAUX CLARET
Offers for sale—Chateau Margaux Claret in boxes of 1 dozen. Genuine Old London Particular wine in half pipes and quarter casks.
George Town, May 24-4f
MONEY LOST.
ABOUT the 20th of July last, a Letter containing two bank notes of one hundred dollars each...
DANIEL LEE. Winchester, Sept. 4-4f.
JUST PUBLISHED.
And for Sale by R. C. Weightman and Joseph Milligan. The Correspondence of JOHN ADAMS, Late President of the U. States.
Price 25 Cents. Oct. 4-
FOR SALE!!!
TWO HUNDRED SHARES In the BANK OF WASHINGTON. Enquire of the Editor. October 9-3t
TO RENT.
The westernmost of the SIX BUILDINGS, In the city of Washington lately occupied by Mrs. Lansdale.
HONORE MARTIN. Rockville, October 9-1m
FOR RENT.
The large Three Story BRICK HOUSE on K street near the Lower Bridge, in the city of Washington...
October 9-3t
LIVERPOOL WARE.
W. & C. SMITH, have just received by the Schooner Brothers Return. Captain Weston, from Liverpool, FORTY CRATES LIVERPOOL WARE...
Georgetown, October 4-2aw2w
LANDS IN THE STATES OF OHIO AND KENTUCKY
FOR SALE.
BY Virtue of the Last Will and Testament of Robert Means, deceased, the subscriber offers for sale, all the Lands of the testator in the states of Ohio & Kentucky.
DANIEL CALL, Executor of the last will & testament of Robert Means, dec'd. Richmond, July 19-4f
A VALUABLE FARM FOR SALE.
Will be sold in pursuance of the last Will and Testament of Samuel Turner, Esq., deceased, at Public Sale on the premises on the 15th day of November next.
THO. TURNER, SAML. TURNER, Executors. July 23-4dos
The time of the above Sale is changed from the 15th to Friday the 10th day of November next, at 12 o'clock.
THOS. TURNER, SAML. TURNER, Ex'rs. October 4-
TWENTY DOLLARS REWARD.
ABSCONDED on the 21st of July last, from the subscriber, (manager at the firm of Mr. Isaac Duckett, on South river, near Annapolis) Negro TOM, a small black fellow...
HENRY BASFORD. August 7-4f
CAUTION.
THE Public are hereby cautioned against trusting my wife NELLY, as I am determined not to pay any debts of her contracting from this date...
GEORGE RICE. Navy Yard, October 11-3t
VALUABLE FARM FOR SALE.
I WILL sell the tract of land on which I reside, called BUSSARD ISLAND, lying on Patuxent river, in Calvert county...
The arable part of this plantation is level and much of it covered with oyster shells, and is divided into three fields...
I will sell at public sale on the 20th December next, in the town of Upper Marlborough, all the personal estate on the above premises...
N. B. If the above tract of Land is not disposed of, it will be for rent the ensuing year.
RICHARD W. HARWOOD. Sept. 1-20 Dec.
BY Montgomery county Orphans court, August 16, 1809.
ON application of Thomas Turner and Samuel Turner, executors of Samuel Turner late of Montgomery county, deceased, to sell the Personal Property of the said deceased.
Test. SOLOMON TOLLAND, Reg. September 29-4dos
IN COUNCIL.
Annapolis, June 26, 1809. ORDERED, That the act, entitled, An act to alter the thirty-second and thirty-seventh Articles of the constitution...
By order, NINIAN PINKNEY, Clerk of the Council. To alter the thirty-second and thirty-seventh Articles of the Constitution and Form of Government.
BE it enacted,
That hereafter, upon the death, resignation or removal out of this state of the governor, it shall not be necessary to call a meeting of the legislature...
And be it enacted, That hereafter no governor shall be capable of holding any other office of profit during the time for which he shall be elected.
And be it enacted, That so much of the thirty-second and thirty-seventh articles of the constitution and form of government as is repugnant to, or inconsistent with, the provisions of this act, and the same is hereby abrogated and abolished.
And be it enacted, That if this act shall be confirmed by the general assembly, after the next election of delegates, in the first session after such new election as the constitution and form of government directs, that in such case this act, and the alteration and amendment of the constitution and form of government therein contained, shall be taken and considered, and shall constitute and be valid, as a part of the said constitution and form of government...
July 3-1aw3m.
GIVE DOLLARS REWARD.
STRAYED from the Commons of the city of Washington, about four or five weeks ago, a large DARK BAY or BROWN MARE, 5 years old, together with her COLT.
SAMUEL BURCH, Capitol Hill. October 6-3t
NOTICE.
WAS committed to the gaol of Frederick county, Maryland, on the 4th day of July, inst. a NEGRO MAN who calls himself CHARLES THOMAS...
GEORGE GREAGER, Jun. Sheriff, Frederick County, Md.
* * The Editors of the National Intelligencer at Washington City, Evening Post at Baltimore, and Republican Star at Easton, are requested to insert the above once a week for eight weeks each, and forward their accounts. August 23-8Wt.
FOR SALE.
Will be sold at public sale, on Thursday the twelfth October next, if not previously disposed of, that valuable farm in Prince George's County, Maryland, known by the name of ST. OSYTH.
ST. OSYTH contains by estimation seven hundred and fifty acres of Land, between seventy and eighty acres of which are meadow, now fit for the scythe, and capable of being made to produce an hundred tons of hay at a crop...
On the same day, if not before by private sale disposed of, will be sold the negroes, stock, etc. attached to the estate of the late O. Carr, deceased.
For sale—Also, the following lots in the city of Washington:
Lot No. 2, in sq. 702, front 54 feet 7 in. depth 175 ft. 8 in. In sq. 906 Lots No. 15, front 37 10 1-2, depth 100 ft. 26 ft. 25 ft. No. 14, front 58, depth 75. No. 15, 54 front, 78 and 100, 10 1-2 depth. No. 16, 54 front, 100 ft. 20 1-2 in. depth. No. 17, front 49 ft. 6 in. depth 100 10 1-2. JONA. B. CARR, Executor. May 17-1w4t.
CITY LOTS FOR SALE.
THE undermentioned lots of ground are offered for sale, either separately or by squares, on liberal terms either for cash or on credit...
Square No. 54 Lot no 9 sq 72. Lots no 2 4 8 to 12 13 14 15 18 sq 84 Lot no 1 Sq 85 Lots no 20 21 22 sq 103 Lots no 7 8-39 145 Lots no 1 2 7 8-39 146 Lots no 1 2 3 sq 147 Lot no 4 sq 103 Lots no 5 6 7 12 13 14 sq 58 Lots no 6 7 10 11 12 13 16 sq 393 Lots no 1 2 3 8 11 12 13 18 sq 349 Lots no 1 2 8 Sq 376 lots 10 6 17 18 sq 409 Lots no 3 4 7 8 9 17 18 sq 487 Lots no 5 6 7 10 sq 488 Lot 8 7 12 sq 489 Lots 5 6 9 sq 491 Lots 10 11 12 16 19 20 24 sq 493 Lots no 7 8 sq 494 Lots no 8 9 10 sq 531 Lots 3 4 8 11 12 13 14 sq 533 Lots no 12 15 16 17 sq 584 Lots no 1 2 3 4 21 23 24 sq 588 whole square. East of 590 whole square. Sq 635 Lots no 1 2 3 5 6 9 10 sq 638 Lots no 1 2 3 sq 639 Lot no 1 sq 640 Lots no 1 2 3 4 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 sq 641 whole square Sq 642 Lots no 1 6 7 8 9 10 12 13 14 19 East of 643 Lot no 2 South of 643 Lots no 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 29 sq 644 Lot no 1 5 7 West of 645 whole square Sq 878 Lots no 16 17 18 19 20 sq 973 Lots no 4 5 6 7 8 20 21 sq 995 Lots no 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 South of 1019 Lots no 1 2 4 sq 1020 Lots no 2 3 4 5 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 sq 1021 Lot no 1 sq 1022 Lot no 2 sq 1023 Lots no 4 7 8 9 10 sq 1024 Lots no 1 2 3 7 sq 1045 Lots no 9 10 12 sq 1046 Lots no 3 14 15 sq 1047 Lot no 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 19 20 sq 1048 Lot no 7 8 9 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23.
Persons disposed to purchase are desired to apply to JAMES GREENLEAF, or in his absence to SAM. ELLIOT, Jr. Greene F's Point. June 26-4w3w8t
State of Maryland—In Chancery, September 14th, 1809.
ORDERED That the Sale of the real estate of the heirs of JOHN D. SCOTT, lying in Charles county, made and reported by E. S. Key as trustee, be ratified & confirmed unless cause be shown to the contrary on or before the 15th day of November next...
True copy. TEST, NICH. BREWER, Reg. C. C. July 25-8Wt.