The national intelligencer and Washington advertiser. (Washington City [D.C.]), 1808-05-20 00:00:00

National Intelligencer.
WASHINGTON ADVERTISER.
VOL. VIII.
WASHINGTON CITY, PRINTED BY SAMUEL HARRISON SMITH, PENNSYLVANIA AVENUE.
NO. 1186.
FIVE DOLLARS PER ANNUM
FRIDAY, MAY 20, 1808.
PAID IN ADVANCE.
CONGRESS.
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES.
Debate on the passage of the bill concerning courts martial and courts of enquiry—Continued.
Mr. PITKIN. It was not my wish, Mr. Speaker, nor indeed was it my intention to have troubled the House, with any observations on the bill before you. I should have contented myself, with giving a silent vote upon it, did it not contain such principles, and such provisions for the purpose of carrying those principles into effect, as I never can consent to sanction.
I should not, however, have trespassed upon the already exhausted patience of the House, in this late stage of the discussion, did I not view the subject in a light somewhat different, even from those, who have expressed their sentiments in opposition to the bill. It has been stated, by most of the advocates for the measure, and this statement has not, to my recollection, been contradicted, but it seems at least to have been admitted, by its opponents, that the principles and provisions of this bill are similar to those which have been adopted in G. Britain, in relation to courts martial and courts of enquiry. I do not, sir, understand this to be the case. The principles contained in this bill, if my understanding of the law of G. Britain is correct, go much further on this subject, and give much more extensive and extraordinary powers to military courts, than has ever been given them in that country. It is well known, that in England, as well as in this country, regular armies are governed by what is called the law martial, and that this law is enforced by means of military courts, which are of two descriptions, viz. courts martial and courts of enquiry. It is equally well known, that the crimes, as well as the punishments under the martial law, and all the proceedings in these military courts, are very different from those under the civil or municipal law. And no principle is better established in England than this, that these military courts have no power, or authority whatever, over any persons, but those who belong to the army; and that they cannot compel any person, in civil life of life, to appear before them to give testimony or for any other purpose whatever. As, however, it may happen, and undoubtedly has happened, in that country, that those not belonging to the army, may be wanted as witnesses in courts martial, the civil courts there, have lent their aid, in order to enable them to have the benefit of such testimony. The mode of proceeding, in such cases I understand to be this—The judge advocate presents a petition to the civil court, showing the necessity and importance of the attendance of a person, not belonging to the army; and if the court are satisfied that his attendance is necessary, they will direct a summons to issue for that purpose. That I am not incorrect on this point, I will beg the indulgence of the House, while I read a short passage from "An Essay on Military law," a work of some celebrity, lately written by Tyler, an able judge advocate in G. Britain. Speaking "of the authority of courts martial," he says "The civil power will likewise lend its aid to supply any deficiencies in the powers of courts martial, where the end is the proper enforcement of military discipline and jurisdiction. Thus, for example, as military jurisdiction does not extend to enforce the appearance of witnesses, who are in a civil line of life, or to compel them to give their attendance in a court martial, they will, in case of refusal to obey the summons of the judge advocate, be cited or subpoenaed for that purpose by the civil magistrate, on application by petition from the judge advocate, setting forth the necessity of the case, and the importance of their testimony to elucidate the matter to be tried."
Whether this mode of proceeding is established by an act of Parliament, or is founded on a sort of comity between the civil and military courts, does not appear from this writer, nor is it, indeed, necessary to determine. It shows, however, incontestably, that in England, from whom we have derived many, if not most, of our
ideas of jurisprudence, the military power is completely subordinate to the civil. That even in that country, whose government is monarchical, and where, for centuries, there have been regular armies, the rights of citizens are so completely shielded from the control of the military, that no one, except he belong to the army, can be called before a court martial, even for the purpose of giving testimony, but by the consent of the civil court; and that upon the humble supplication and address of one of its officers; and this consent is granted, not as a matter of right, but of favor.
Permit me, sir, to ask gentlemen, whether this is the case, according to the principles of the bill upon your table? The first section says—"That in every case, when the attendance of any person, not in the military or naval service of the United States, shall be necessary as a witness before a military or naval court martial, or court of enquiry, and who shall reside at a greater distance than one hundred miles from the place, where the court martial or court of enquiry shall be held, a summons may be issued out of any court of the U. States and the clerk of any such court shall be and he is hereby authorized and required, upon due application in writing by the judge advocate, or party officiating as such, or by the party accused to issue such summons, requiring such witness to appear and give evidence before such court martial or court of enquiry," &c. Who is to judge of the necessity of the attendance of a witness? The judge advocate, an officer of the court martial, or the party accused. To whom is the application to be made? Not to the court, or any one of the judges, but to the clerk: on such application, there is no discretion left with him: he is not only authorized, but required to issue a summons—I, might be willing, to go as far as they have gone, in England, on this subject, and in a country where civil liberty is regarded with a much more jealous eye, than there. This, I think will be going far enough—but I never can or will consent, that an officer of a military court shall have it in his power, to enter the sacred walls of our civil courts and there order one of its clerks to issue a summons for witnesses to appear before a military tribunal. This is rendering the civil power subordinate to the military—It is making your civil courts the humble tools and instruments, as the case may be, of military despotism. Sir, it will be recollected, that by the provision of the second section of this bill, in case one of your citizens refuses to obey the summons thus ordered by the judge advocate, or when he has appeared before the court martial, shall depart "without leave of the court, before his examination shall have been taken down in writing, subscribed and concluded" he is liable to fine and imprisonment.
If these observations have any force, so far as they relate to courts martial, they have much more, as applicable to courts of enquiry.
And here, sir, I cannot but observe, that by the laws of England, courts of this description, so far from having the extraordinary powers, given them by this bill, if the author I have just quoted is to be credited, have not, in fact, any power whatever to procure the attendance of witnesses, or even to examine them on oath. I beg leave to ask in what manner courts of enquiry are instituted, and for what purpose? In G. Britain they are instituted solely by some superior officer; by the rules and articles of war, in this country they are instituted either by the President of the U. States, or, when demanded, by the party accused. The object of these courts is merely to enable the superior officer to form a more correct judgment, as to the propriety of calling a court martial. Their judgment or opinion is not binding or conclusive for any purpose whatever, and the facts which they may find are in no case conclusive on the court martial.
Can it be necessary, sir, that courts of this description should be vested with such extensive powers as are given to them by this bill? Every officer accused has a right by the articles of war to have a court instituted for the purpose of enquiring into his conduct; and when thus instituted, the party himself has power by the bill before us, to send for persons, and
also for all public papers, which may have relation to the subject, and to have them produced before this court. I can never agree to this principle. When I say this, I trust no gentleman will believe, that any observations of mine can have any reference to the particular case, which has given rise to this bill, and which, in the course of the debate, has been so often alluded to. With the present commander in chief of our army I have no personal acquaintance. I can have no wish that he should not be able to exculpate himself from the charges which have been made against his character. But I cannot conceive that the passage of this bill can be necessary for that purpose. And I have no hesitation in saying, that no particular case can be stated which would induce me to vest military courts of enquiry with such extensive powers.
But, sir, if the bill is defective in its principles, it is equally so in some of its provisions for carrying those principles into effect.
By the fourth section, in all cases before such courts, even when the punishment of the offender extends to life, the depositions of witnesses may be read in evidence, when they live more than one hundred miles from the place of trial.
No rule, I ought perhaps to say, no principle in our criminal code is better known and established than this; that in all trials of a criminal nature the accused has a right to be confronted with the witnesses brought against him. The same rule I understand has hitherto been held sacred in military courts. Depositions have never been permitted to be read in courts of a criminal jurisdiction. I can see no good reason why this principle, hitherto deemed so important to the due administration of criminal justice, should be departed from.
Permit me to call the attention of the House to the third section of the bill. It contains a provision to my mind particularly objectionable. It will be recollected that the first section provides that upon good and "sufficient cause shown, verified by affidavit, before any judge of any court of the U. States, a subpoena duces tecum may be issued by the clerk of such court, for public papers, documents or records; and that by the third section, when the witness lives more than 25 miles from the court, his deposition may be taken before certain state judges, or before a judge of any court of the U. S. or three or more of five commissioners, to be appointed by a judge; and then follows the objectionable clause—"and summons shall issue for witnesses, before every such judge or such commissioners, for the purpose of giving their depositions, and producing papers, documents, and records, in like manner as is herein before prescribed for summoning witnesses before courts martial and courts of enquiry."
Let me ask any gentleman in this House, who is acquainted with judicial proceedings, whether he ever before heard of commissioners, appointed to take depositions, being vested with power to send for public papers and documents to be brought before them? To me the idea is truly novel. But let us suppose these public papers and documents are produced before these commissioners, or before the judge who is requested to take the depositions—what is to be done with them? Are they to be delivered up into the hands of the commissioners, and if so, in what manner are they to be sent forward to these military courts? Are they to be sealed up with the deposition of the keeper of the records and papers, and put into the hands of the person applying for them—or must the commissioners themselves, deliver them to the court, or send them by the mail? And if they should ever reach the court, in what manner are they to be returned to the person, who, by law has been intrusted with the safe keeping of them? These are questions, sir, which I should wish to have satisfactorily answered, before I can agree to this section of the bill.
On this subject, I will hazard an opinion, without fear of contradiction. It is not in the power of any civil court to take any public papers, documents or records, from the possession of the person who is, by law, intrusted with them. The subpoena duces tecum never has, it never can go
further than to direct the witness summoned, to bring with him, certain public papers in his possession. When the papers are produced before the court, the court then decide as to their relevancy to the matter in issue; and may direct that they be read in evidence—they are never taken from the possession of the witness. For what purpose are these public papers to be produced before these commissioners? Not certainly to be read for their benefit; but that through them they may be had on the trial before the court martial. If then this bill passes, all the public papers of your country are placed in the power and under the control of your military tribunals. It is only for one of the officers of the army, and who may perhaps be disaffected with your government, to institute a court of enquiry at one of your garrisons, say at Detroit, Michilimackinack or N. Orleans—commissioners may be appointed to take depositions at the seat of government. What is the consequence? All the papers of this House in the possession of our clerk; all the papers in the office of the secretary of state; the most important state papers, such as the official correspondence between the Executive and the various officers of the government, may be produced before these commissioners, and by them, in some way, conveyed to your distant garrisons.
On the other hand, suppose a court of enquiry, as is now, in fact the case, is called at the seat of government; commissioners may be appointed at N. Orleans, and all the public papers, not only of the present, but of the ancient government of that territory, are liable to be taken from the places of their deposit, and placed in the power of the party calling the court, or in the power of the court itself; and if this may be done in one case, it may be done in all.
The mode of enforcing the attendance of witnesses, is also liable to many objections, and will be attended with many, if not insuperable difficulties.
By the second section, if any witness thus ordered before the court, fails to appear, or having appeared, departs without leave of the court, he is liable to the same penalties, and to be proceeded with in the same manner, as is provided by law, in cases of similar defaults, when summoned in civil causes, in the state where he resides.
In what manner do courts proceed against witnesses in civil causes? In most, if not in all the states, the usual mode is, in case of the non-appearance of witnesses, to issue a cahias ad testificandum , as it is called, by which he is taken and brought into court, by an officer. The cahias always issues from the court, before whom the cause is pending, and who have complete control not only over the subject in dispute, but also over the witness. They may also, in certain cases, fine and imprison the witness. But let us examine what must be the proceedings under the second section of this bill. Suppose a citizen of Virginia is by direction of the judge advocate summoned to appear before a military court sitting in the district of Columbia, as a witness, and he fails to appear—Application must be made to a court of the U. States in Virginia, for a cahias to apprehend him and bring him before the U. States' court; and on the certificate of the President of such military court, and of the judge advocate, such a writ will issue of course. What is to be done with this citizen by the court in Virginia? It would seem, that the bill contemplates he should either be fined, imprisoned, or sent to the military court, where his testimony is wanted. It is very questionable indeed, whether the court would have any power to fine & imprison a person under these circumstances. For what is he to be fined and imprisoned? For a contempt of the court in Virginia? No, for he has been guilty of none. It must be for contempt towards the military court; and where is the state, let me ask, by whose laws a person can be fined and imprisoned by one court for any contempt committed towards another court? Can the court order him to be transported out of the state of Virginia, by their marshal, and brought before the military court in this city? Certainly not: they have no power to do this. If then the law is to have
the effect of compelling the attendance of the citizens before this military tribunal, he is to be delivered into the hands of the officers appointed to execute the orders of this military court, and be by them transported to the place of trial, and who are the officers, and who are the sheriffs and deputy sheriffs of a court martial? They are a sergeant and a file of men, armed, not with staves, the emblems of civil power; but guns and bayonets, the ensigns of military despotism. I had hoped that the time would never come, when the citizens of the U. S. might be thus subjected to military power. But if the principles & provisions of this bill are to be adopted, and carried into execution, I much fear, that time may soon arrive. For these reasons, I shall give the bill my decided negative.
Mr. NICHOLAS said, that the gentleman from Connecticut (Mr. Pickin) whom he had heard with great pleasure, admitted that the power to compel the attendance of witnesses before courts martial should exist under the limitation he proposed; but asserted that there should not be compulsory process to compel the attendance of witnesses before a court of enquiry. I cannot, said Mr. N. see a reason for the distinction; the only argument the gentleman made use of was, that there is not compulsory process in England in cases of courts of enquiry. I have before me the book to which the gentleman referred; it is therein stated "the members of a court of enquiry are not sworn as those of a court-martial; nor do the witnesses examined give their evidence upon oath." Because that is the practice in England, I presume the gentleman would not wish to introduce it here. There is as much reason why the judges and witnesses should be sworn in one court as in the other; in this opinion Tyler concurs. In page 348, he says, "It is however a subject worthy of consideration, whether it were not better that this tribunal, in order that it might possess all the power, and furnish all the benefits of a grand jury, should be constituted under the like bond of a solemn oath, and have power of compelling the attendance of witnesses, and receiving their testimony likewise upon oath."
A court of enquiry is in military jurisprudence what a grand jury is in civil. Why then there should not be the same compulsory process in one case as in the other, I cannot conceive. The decision of a court of enquiry may have considerable influence upon the final trial; it will certainly make an impression upon the nation that will not easily be removed. Upon the report of a court of enquiry the President in many cases may dismiss officers who may be obnoxious to him, but whom he could not dismiss in any other way without incurring considerable censure. In this way any man may be sacrificed unless there is a power to compel the attendance of witnesses.
So much has been said in support of the bill that very little remains for me to say. The necessity for a law of this kind must be obvious to all who believe it is not only possible, but probable, that military men may be accused of crimes where the witnesses to exculpate or to convict, are not persons in the military service of the U. S. The mind of every gentleman can suggest so many cases where this may occur, that I will not attempt to enumerate them. I will only say that charges of conspiracy and of corruption by a foreign power, will most frequently rest upon evidence of this sort. If you deprive your military men of the means of defence, you increase their dependance upon the commander in chief; you give him the power to deprive those men of their lives and their honor whom he cannot bend to his purposes. If the bill upon your table was meant to extend the jurisdiction of courts martial, I would oppose it; but I repeat, what has been said by others over an over again, that under the operation of this law, military courts will have jurisdiction over precisely the same offences that they now have, and no others. It does not make one man amenable to this tribunal who is not so at present. By this bill the government will be enabled to use such evidence as they can command, whether possessed by a citizen or a soldier, to bring military men to punishment; and by it military and naval men may

avail themselves of the testimony of citizens to show their innocence. What is the cause for alarm? What is the ground of the clamor that this bill has excited? How extraordinary is it that gentlemen should without scruple, confide to these courts a power to decide upon the lives & honor of all your military & naval men, & refuse to trust a citizen in the presence of this court to be examined as a witness! Can it be possible you will suffer your articles of war to remain in force one moment after deciding that these courts are so lost to every principle of honor and integrity, that you cannot trust them to examine a citizen who may be called upon as a witness? I cannot and will not suspect any men of such a wanton abuse of power. The members of these courts will not act upon the responsibility that judges do in other courts; if they misbehave they will be subject to punishment and disgrace.
How do the arguments used by different gentlemen in opposition to the bill agree with one another? At one time we are told we are creating a military despotism; at another that we are relaxing discipline so much that all subordination will be destroyed. Can both these be true? At one time we are told we must not summon witnesses, and alarming representations are made of the inconveniences to which they would be subject by such a law; and at the next moment that depositions should never be read in such cases, but that witnesses ought to be examined open in court. An objection has been urged and pressed with great earnestness, that this bill blends military and civil powers, and destroys the subservience of the military to the civil power. Is that the fact? On the contrary this bill in my judgment, asserts and maintains the supremacy of the civil power, in the strongest possible manner, inasmuch as the military are neither trusted with the power to summon witnesses, nor to punish them for disobedience. To do either they must apply to the civil power. The civil power, we are told, is made the mere executioner of the sentence of the military court. This is not the case; so far from it, that a perfect discretion is vested in the civil authority—the same as it would have, if the witness had been summoned to attend such civil court. By the bill you say the certificate of the marshal shall be sufficient evidence that the process was executed; and that the certificate on oath of the president and judge advocate—shall do what? Subject the citizen to punishment? No. It shall establish the single fact that the person summoned disobeyed the summons. You take the certificate of the marshal that the summons was issued, and will you give less credit to the certificate on oath of a president and judge advocate to the fact of the witness having disobeyed the summons? In case of default the civil court and not the military will judge, and punish, or acquit at its discretion. Hear the words of the law. "The return of the marshal certifying the service of such summons, and the certificate on oath of the president of any such court martial or court of enquiry, and of the judge advocate or persons officiating as such, stating in what respect such summons may have been disobeyed, which certificate shall have been entered of record in the proceedings of such court martial, at the time of such neglect or disobedience, shall be admitted as evidence of such default in such witness as aforesaid: Provided nevertheless , That in case such witness shall satisfy the court before whom such proceedings against such witness shall be had as aforesaid, that the default imputed to him was produced by sickness or other inevitable impediments, and was not an act of contempt or wilful disobedience, such witness shall be forthwith discharged from any farther proceedings thereupon in said court."
The case that has been so often referred to in the course of this debate proves in the strongest manner the necessity for such a law. A gentleman in the service of the U. States is accused of being concerned in a conspiracy for a severance of the union, and of having corruptly received money from a foreign government. The public good requires that such charges should be enquired into; if they are well founded the person guilty should be punished as he merits, and consigned to infamy. If he is innocent, he should have an opportunity of clearing his reputation. It appears from every thing that we have seen or heard, that a resort to persons not in the military service, for evidence in this case, is necessary both for the persecution and defence. If it be necessary in this case, others may occur in which it will be
equally so; and I will venture to predict, that such provisions as this will be found necessary, in every case of conspiracy or corruption by a foreign power. I have attended to this bill throughout all its stages; so far from believing that under it oppression can be practised, I am convinced it is essential to the public weal, and to the security of the individual that it should pass.
(DEBATE TO BE CONTINUED.)
NOW LANDING From on board the VIRGINIA , captain Phillips from New York — 3 bds. Prime St. Croix scale sugars, 25 do. 2d and 3d quality do. do. 1 Pipe and 4 quarter casks, choice old Port Wine, 6 Qr. casks Catalonia do. 11 do. old Sherry do. 10 Do. London particular Teneriffe do. 12 boxes Claret, one dozen each, 5 Pipes New York anchor Gin, 2000 lb. Best Martiqueen Green Coffee, 25 Boxes Olives, Caps & Anchovies, 12 Parcels extra wide and fine white Russia Sheetings, From on board the Citizen , capt. Sturges, from Charleston . 20 Bales first quality upland Cotton, 10 Tierces fresh Rice, And in store, 25 Pipes Cogniac Brandy, 8 Do. Holland Gin, Madeira, Lisbon, and Tercalaga wines, Old and new Whiskey, 20 Puncheons Antigua and St. Croix Rum, 30 Chests Hyson, Young Hyson, Hyson Skin and Imperial Teas, Loaf and Lump Sugar, Cassia in small bales, Sweet Oil in bottles and flasks, Segars, 1st and 2d quality, Dewijohns, Gin cases, &c. &c. &c. For sale by, W. & C. SMITH. George Town, May 20—2aw4w
MISS SINNOTT. Lovely from Baltimore. Has opened her ENGLISH ACADEMY for the education of Young Ladies, in an airy and convenient house, fronting North G. Street, near the Treasury Office, where will be taught the useful and ornamental branches of Female Education. Terms of tuition may be known at the Academy, of Mr. Francis Clark, and Mr. James Hoban. N. B. Four Young Ladies can be admitted as boarders on very moderate terms. May 20—3t
AMERICAN HEMP. The Secretary of the Navy will receive until the 1st. November next, proposals for furnishing water rotted Hemp of the growth of the United States, to be delivered either at Portsmouth, N. H.; Boston; New London; New York; Philadelphia; Newcastle; Baltimore; Norfolk; Wilmington; N. C.; Charleston, S. C.; Savannah, Geo. or New Orleans. For well water rotted and well cleaned American Hemp, the Secretary of the Navy is disposed to allow a liberal price beyond the usual price of such Hemp when dew rotted. Navy Department, May 3—wtn
ST. ANDREW'S SOCIETY. A stated meeting of the Society will be held at the House of David Waterstone on Friday the 20th inst. of which the members will please to take notice. JOHN MURDOCH, secretary. May 18—2t
NOTICE. PURSUANT to an act of the General Assembly of Maryland, passed at November session, 1806, entitled "An act authorizing the collection of certain ground rents due on lots in the Town of Cumberland, in Allegany county," and a supplement thereto, passed at November session, 1807, Public Notice is hereby given to all persons holding unimproved lots in said town, on which ground rents are now due, that unless the said rents are paid on or before the first day of December next, the said lots will on that day be offered at public sale to the highest bidder, on a credit of 60 days. The sale to be held at Mr. J. Rine's tavern in said town, to commence at ten o'clock, A. M. and continue from day to day, until the whole are sold. THOMAS BEALL, of Saml. March 21—eptds
CHARLES H. VARDEN MERCHANT TAYLOR, Respectfully informs the gentlemen of the district of Columbia and public in general, that he has just received by a late arrival from Philadelphia,
A CHOICE ASSORTMENT Of superfine Cloths, Cassimeres, single and double milled, superfine Coatings, black silk Florentines. Likewise an elegant assortment of Spaniels and rich silk Molekins for waistcoats with a variety of other articles suitable for the season. Regimentals and Navy Uniforms made in the most elegant and uniform style of fashion. Richard Horwell's celebrated patent parallel SUSPENDERS far superior to any hitherto in use can be had on the same terms retail as at his manufactory. November 27—tf
TO PAPERMAKERS. WANTED To go to North-Carolina in May, a Papermaker, who is a good workman, and is sober and industrious. To such a person good wages will be given. Apply to the Editor of this paper. April 29.
WASHINGTON CITY.
FRIDAY, MAY 20.
GOOD OUT OF EVIL.
It is a most fortunate circumstance that there are very few evils which can be inflicted either upon individuals or communities, which do not bring with them benefits which would not otherwise be received. This is among the best illustrations of the beneficence of a Being, who seems, even in the afflictions imposed on man, to be regardful of his happiness. From this circumstance it also frequently happens that the individual or nation, that aims the most deadly blow at the felicity or existence of an enemy, eventually confers the highest blessing. There is every reason to believe that this will be the case with us. The outrages perpetrated on us by the belligerent powers of Europe, and their restrictions on our trade, are already producing the most striking effects in the growth of manufactures. Intelligent men among us have long seen, that nothing was wanting, but some extraordinary stimulus to demonstrate the incalculable benefits to be derived from a zealous development of this great resource. The injustice and oppression of foreign powers have given birth to this stimulus; and our countrymen, with a spirit that does them honor, are entering with enthusiasm into those great manufactures, that have become doubly profitable from the troubled situation of our foreign intercourse. There is scarcely a town to the Eastward, that has not caught the patriotic flame, and whose citizens have not already opened their purses with a liberality worthy of the object. In many of the great commercial towns a large portion of the capital, usually employed in trade, is already engaged in erecting and carrying on cotton manufactures; and we have good authority for saying that the profits, notwithstanding the infancy of the establishments, and the inevitable mistakes which will for some time occur in conducting them, are equal to those of trade.
In Philadelphia especially, and its neighborhood, a great number of persons are already actively engaged in this manufacture. We have before us letters, recently received from a very intelligent man, resident in that place, from which we offer the following extracts, in corroboration of these remarks:
"You cannot without attending to the subject (cotton factory) conceive how profitable a business it is, and what little capital is required. The machinery is easily made—Labor is not dearer here than in England; the boys work for 75 cents a week and find themselves—and no one man has more than a dollar per diem. If any persons set up Cotton Machinery it would employ many persons. In Rhode Island there are 20,000 spindles, which I calculate work up 2000lb. of cotton at least per diem into fine thread, or in the year 600,000 at one dollar. Attend to the following calculation:
 Cotton costs here, say 20 cts. one hundred lbs. there-fore is 30  100lb. of cotton loses one eighth, or 12 per cent. & therefore produces 88lb. of manufactured cotton, which costs in manufacturing, say 25 cts. 25  45  In England cotton costs, with duty, 88lb. manufactured at 25, Duty at 4 per cent. Freight, Insurance, &c. Duty here 15 per cent. and other charges, 40 25 2 2 10  81 
"The following statement is the result of cotton made for candlewick at Camac's Mill, D. C.
 Cotton, 100lb.—it costs 16 cts. but is here put down 20  Expence of making by contract, 11 cents per lb. 88lb. 9 60  29 60  Sold at 50 cents per lb. 44  14 40 
"This quantity is easily made with machinery that does not cost more than 300 or 1000 dollars at the most. I shall go to-morrow to see a factory, where the machinery is worked by horses." "I wrote you a line yesterday, which I hope has claimed your attention. Tench Cox has advertised for cotton blankets and other cotton manufactures for clothing—each blanket
will weigh 3 1-2lb. of cotton—10,000 are immediately wanted, and perhaps 30,000; they will be made here. Camac has a wool-carding machine which he bought for less than $100. One man will card 50lb. of wool for hatters, at 5 cents. per lb." "Machinery is making fast all about here."
The following article from the Aurora proves, that Pennsylvania will support the nominations made in this place of James Madison for President, and George Clinton for Vice-President. We invite the attention of our readers to the just and liberal remarks which follow, which certainly place this great question on its true ground.
PHILADELPHIA CITY
TOWN MEETING.
At a numerous and respectable meeting of the democratic citizens of the city of Philadelphia, convened by public notice, and held in the apartment of the supreme court, in the State House.
THOMAS LEIPER, Esq. in the chair.
WM. DUANE, and JOHN L. LEIB, Esq. Secretaries.
Two resolutions were offered to the chair: the first proposing a concurrence with the nomination of JAMES MADISON for PRESIDENT, and GEORGE CLINTON for VICE PRESIDENT, by the majority of members of Congress at Washington.
And the second proposing a concurrence with the nomination of SIMON SNYDER for GOVERNOR of this commonwealth, by the convention at Lancaster.
It was moved to postpone the consideration of the resolution to a day unnamed—thereupon some debate arose, and the question being put for the postponement, the Ayes were 25 only—and the vast shew of hands against the postponing, rendering it unnecessary to count, the motion for postponement was lost.
And the question upon the resolutions being taken, they were carried without further opposition.
THOMAS LEIPER, Chairman. Attest, JOHN L. LEIB, } Secretaries. WM. DUANE, }
It is a matter of much satisfaction to the republicans of this district, that in the discussions of yesterday on the merits of the candidates before the public for distinguished stations, there was no effort pro or con , to depreciate the fame or reputation of the patriots whose names were brought into view for the most eminent stations in the republic; and that the questions were discussed wholly upon public, democratic and liberal principles; without prejudice against the men on either side;—and with a preference avowed and argued on the plain score of principle: there can be no doubt of a similar result throughout the state; and all the expectations of those who had built upon their power to excite incurable divisions have totally failed. Aurora.
ELECTIONS. No further authentic statements are received from New-York. The information from Massachusetts is contradictory. The votes for Senators have been counted, and it appears that eighteen republican and twenty federal members are elected. The body is composed of forty. We presume that, as a majority of all the votes given is required, no choice has been made of the remaining two. In the House of Representatives, the federalists have unquestionably a great accession of members; but it does not follow, either that the federal party will have a majority, or, indeed, that it has acquired much new strength. The chronicler is confident that there will be a republican majority; and as to any great increase of strength to the federalists being evinced by the result, it must be recollected that at the election of the last year for representatives little exertion was made by the federal party, and that, consequently, the election was no criterion of the relative strength of parties.
The fortifications at Governors island progress very rapidly. Between 4 and 500 men are kept constantly employed on the works. The genius of col. Williams, united with the superior mechanical abilities of Messrs. Hillard and Soyder, has rendered this fortification in point of strength & elegance equal to any perhaps in the world. They are at present employed in the erection of a circular tower which, from its situation, will be of great advantage in case of attack, being placed on a point of the island, from whence it can command the Narrows, and in fact, the whole of the channel. It will be completed in about three months. At Bedlows island, also, they have commenced the erection of a Star, which will be of great service, and the
chains are forging, which are to be affixed to the blocks to be sunk in the channel. When the works are all completed, the general complaint that our harbor is defenceless, will, we hope, cease, as whatever nature and art can furnish will be applied, it will be placed in a posture of defence superior to any in the U. States.
New York Oracle.
It is supposed from the latest accounts, that there will be a majority of the republican party of 64 in the House of Assembly of this state.
Late accounts from Smyrna state, that the English squadron had entered the Archipelago, and rigorously blockaded all its ports. They had taken and burnt two Turkish ships of the line; and it was apprehended they were returning to the Dardanelles.
Accounts by way of Frankfort of March 12, states that the British had actually commenced hostilities against Austria by the capture of 12 of her merchantmen, which they had sent into Malta.
An earthquake occurred at Algiers in November last which occasioned dreadful havoc.
Sixty guineas were given in London on the 5th of April, to receive one hundred, if the American Embargo should be taken off by the first of May.
New-Orleans, March 25.
Don Vincent Cervantes, Professor of Botany, in the Royal Botanical Garden of Mexico, has presented to Mr. Richard Reif, of this city, a VALUABLE COLLECTION of SEEDS, a catalogue of which will be published. Such persons as wish to be supplied with a part of these rare seeds, will please to apply to the Editors of this paper. The curious are informed that this collection contains the seeds of several new Genera, and more than one hundred new species of Mexican Plants.
New-York, May 16.
We have received by the brig Prudence , from Bordeaux, files of French papers to the latter end of March; but their contents are either unimportant, or have been anticipated.
Our correspondent at Bordeaux, under date of March 28th, writes us as follows:—"We have no news in France. Commerce is in so distressing a state that nearly all the counting-houses in this place have discharged their clerks. No decision has yet been given in the courts in the case of any American vessel. The news of captain Duplex's arrival at L'Orient in the Osage reached us yesterday; and the dispatches he brings may probably have a favorable effect."
(CIRCULAR.)
Treasury Department, May 5, 1805.
Sir, I informed you in my letter of the 28th ult. that the President considered "unusual shipments," particularly of flour and other provisions, of lumber and naval stores, as sufficient cause for detention of the vessel; pot and pearl ashes and flax seed ought to have been added to the list. But he has given it in charge to me to call your attention still more forcibly to that object. As it was the great leading object of the Legislature in giving the power of detention, he considers it his duty in the execution of it, to give complete effect to the embargo laws. He recommends therefore, that every shipment of the above articles, for a place where they cannot be wanted for consumption should be detained. He perceives no necessity at present for the transportation of flour and similar articles from one port of the Chesapeake and its waters, to another port on the waters of the same bay; or from any port whatever to ports in the Chesapeake, Delaware or Hudson, or to other places which export such articles—And in order to prevent the inconvenience which the want of a sufficient supply might occasion in some states, he has written a letter to the governors of New-Hampshire, Massachusetts, S. Carolina, Georgia, and Orleans, copy of which is, by his order, inclosed for your information.
In order that he also may be enabled to judge of the manner in which the law and his instructions are carried into effect, you will be pleased to transmit weekly to this department, a statement of the vessels laden with articles of domestic produce, which shall have departed from the district during the week, showing the species and quantities of articles and the port of destination. Vessels not masted, or decked packets, and ferry-boats, vessels which give no bonds, and those employed in carrying firewood, manure, stone, and similar

articles, need not be inserted in the statement.
I am, very respectfully, Sir, Your obedient servant, (Signed) ALBERT GALLATIN. To the Collector of
(COPY.) To the Governors of Orleans, Georgia, South Carolina, Massachusetts and New-Hampshire.
Washington, May 6, 1808. The evasions of the preceding embargo laws went so far towards defeating their objects, and chiefly by vessels clearing out coastwise, that Congress, by their act of April 25th, authorized the absolute detention of all vessels bound coastwise, with the cargoes exciting suspicions of an intention to evade those laws. There being few towns on our seacoast which cannot be supplied with flour from their interior country, shipments of flour become generally suspicious and proper objects of detention. It is one of the few places on our seacoast which needs supplies of flour by sea for its own consumption. That it may not suffer by the cautions we are obliged to use, I request of your excellency, whenever you deem it necessary that your present or any future stock should be enlarged, to take the trouble of giving your certificate in favor of any merchant in whom you have confidence, directed to the Collector of any port, usually exporting flour from which he may choose to bring it, for any quantity which you may deem necessary for consumption beyond your interior supplies, enclosing to the Secretary of the Treasury, at the same time, a duplicate of the certificate, as a check on the falsification of your signature. In this way we may ensure a supply of the real wants of your citizens, and at the same time prevent those wants from being made a cover for the crimes against their country which unprincipled adventurers are in the habit of committing. I trust, too, that your excellency will find an apology for the trouble I propose to give you, in that desire which you must feel, in common with all our worthy citizens, that inconveniences encountered cheerfully by them for the interests of their country, shall not be turned merely to the unlawful profit of the most worthless part of society. I salute your Excellency, With assurances of my high respect and consideration, (Signed) TH: JEFFERSON.
The following article was received by the Editor of the Aurora, from Cadiz, enclosing the Cadiz Gazette, in which are the decrees announcing the elevation of Ferdinand VII. and the confiscation of the fortune and effects of Don Manuel Godoy, (Prince of Peace).
"CADIZ, 31 MARCH, 1808. "Bonaparte was to enter Madrid on the 27th inst. as announced in a proclamation by the king; on the 25th 27,000 French troops had already entered that capital, and 23,000 more were daily expected. The French emperor has announced, through the Spanish government, his determination to occupy Cadiz to preserve it from the English. The minister, Soler, Espinosa, Noriega, and all the partisans of the Prince of Peace, are arrested or fled. The old king, Charles IV. with Louisa his queen, are ordered by the council to retire to Guadalaxara, a small town, ten leagues from Madrid."
The Council to the People of Madrid. Nothing must take place which may interrupt the public tranquility, in the happy moments of the elevation of Ferdinand the Seventh, to the throne of Spain. His loyal subjects have given his majesty very anticipated proofs of their attachment and prediction; and they ought not to doubt that the love which his majesty professes for them, shall be wholly employed in promoting the public felicity, and accomplishing the wishes of the citizens of Madrid.
What is most important for such sublime purposes, is public subordination; and in order to insure this, the council flatters itself, that all the inhabitants of this loyal city will withdraw to their places of abode, and observe the most perfect order, reflecting, that it is by this means they will render his majesty in the dawn of his promising reign, the most persuasive proof of the sincerity of their sentiments, and of the professions of fidelity, repeated at this time from all parts.
Copied from the original, and certified by Don Bartolome Munoz de Torres, member of his majesty's
council, secretary of state, &c. Madrid, 20 March 1808. (Signed) D. BARTOLOME MUNOZ.
EDICT Don Arias Antonio Mon y Velarde, Decano, Gobernador Interino de Consejo.
In several orders which I have just received, our sovereign Ferdinand VII. is pleased to inform me that he has determined immediately to confiscate all the goods, effects and possessions of Don Manuel Godoy, wherever they may be found, for which purpose he has adopted the necessary measures, as directly appertaining to his majesty. That he has resolved to come immediately, to this capital in order to be proclaimed. But prior to all things, he requires that the inhabitants of Madrid, so attached to his royal person, should afford him proofs of good order and tranquility, as he has issued the most effectual orders against Don Manuel Godoy, his goods and revenues, which are no longer to be considered as appertaining to him. That it is his intention to compensate all his beloved subjects who have any wise suffered in his cause. And that he will incessantly attend to such measures as may be most expedient for the promotion of their felicity.
Finally, his majesty tells me that he has appointed the Duque del Infantado, col. of the Royal Spanish Guards, at the same time conferring on him the presidency of Castile. It is his majesty's will also, that all those persons confined on account of the suit carried on against him at the Royal palace of San Lorenzo, shall approach his majesty's person. And that it may come to the knowledge of all, and that this royal capital may not be ignorant of the sovereign's solicitude for their satisfaction and felicity, he has commanded me to make this publication.
D. ARIAS MON. Madrid, 29 March 1808.
Don Bartolome Munoz de Torres, member of his majesty's council, secretary of the same, &c.
I certify that the following royal decree has been communicated to his excellency the Decano Gobernador del Consejo, by his excellency D. Pedro Cevallos.
Sir—One of the first cares of the king, after his accession to the throne, was to communicate to the emperor of the French and king of Italy so happy an event, at the same time assuring his imperial majesty, that being animated with the same sentiments as those of his august sire, far from altering in the most minute article the system of policy observed with respect to France, he will endeavor by every means to strengthen the chain of friendship and intimate alliance which happily unites the French empire and the kingdom of Spain. I am commanded by his majesty to communicate the same to you, in order that, by imparting it to the council, that body may take the necessary steps to re-establish the public tranquility in the capital, and to receive and furnish with every necessary the French troops, which are on their march to this city. It will become your duty to convince the people that they are coming as friends, and for purposes beneficial both to his majesty and his subjects. His majesty promises himself, from the wisdom of the council, that as it is convinced of the ardent wishes by which he is actuated, to consolidate still more and more the bonds of friendship, uniting him with his majesty the emperor of the French and king of Italy, the council will exert every means that may be in its power to inspire the people of Madrid with the same sentiments. God preserve your excellency, &c.
PEDRO CEVALLOS, Governor pro tem. of the council. Aranjuez, March 20, 1808.
Published in full council on the same day, and ordered to be carried into effect, and that the same may be made known to all, it is to be printed and posted up at the usual places in this capital.
Signed at Madrid, 21st March, 1808.
D. BARTOLOME MUNOZ.
ROYAL DECREE. EDICT.
By an order of his majesty communicated this evening by the most excellent senior Marquis Caballero, to the most illustrious senior president pro tempore of the council, it is intimated to the latter, that our lord the king has been pleased to authorize the prince of Asturias to institute a prosecution according to law, against Don Manuel Godoy, now a prisoner—and the council being informed of this circumstance, has decreed that the order of his majesty be announced to the public, together with another, in which it appears that the property and effects in the houses which the
said Don Manuel Godoy inhabited, belong to his majesty; in order that the inhabitants of this city relying on his justice, and that of the council, may be tranquil, as is expected from their loyalty; and that all persons may retire to their houses immediately; that under no pretence may the well known fidelity and submission of the inhabitants of this place be rendered doubtful, nor this supreme tribunal obliged to take different measures. A true copy.
D. BARTOLOME MUNOZ. Madrid, 19th March, 1808.
Further details relative to the revolution in Spain.
"One of the first steps his been to confiscate all the property which the Prince of Peace had usurped from the nation, amounting to some hundred millions of dollars, (having appropriated to himself the whole produce of the lands of the clergy which have been selling for some years past;) 22,500 vales reales of 600 dollars have been found, and an immense quantity of gold. He is now arrested and going to be tried—he had been hidden for near two days in a garret of his palace, but pressed by hunger and thirst, he declared himself to one of the guards, who immediately secured him. It is now discovered, that he had sent orders to the governor of Ceuta to surrender himself to the English—it also appears certain that M. Valdes, commander of the squadron that sailed last month to Carthagena, had orders to go to Gibraltar and surrender himself, but he put into Mahon, under pretext of an accident, and one Salcedo was immediately sent to supercede him, but it is expected he will not have arrived in time. Senora Josefa Tuto, mistress of the Prince of Peace, set out for Cadiz, on the 15th, with all the money that was left in the treasury; detachments of hussars have been after her, but it is feared she is already on board the English fleet. It seems the plan of this man was to take the royal family over to Spanish America, make a peace with England, destroy the Prince of Asturias, (which was already attempted in October last) and get himself appointed Regent of that country, if not King. The French government had secret advice of this plot, and sent in troops by all quarters, with the pretext of an attack against Algiers and Gibraltar, and it was too late when he discovered the real object of this visit. Whatever be his fate, it is not probable that the immense property he has in the bank of London, will ever be recovered by the nation. All the people in exile by his orders, are recalled to his Court. Florida Blanca is expected to be Prime Minister; the Duke of Infantado lately exiled by him, is appointed President of the council and colonel of the Spanish guards; the duke of Medicaceli and count Ferman Funez, are sent to compliment the French Emperor at Burgos and conduct him to Madrid; no blood has been spilt; but several houses of his partisans have been plundered and destroyed by the mob—amongst them, are those of Solar the Minister; Noriega, the Treasurer General; Sixto Espinosa, cashier of the Consolidation; Truxillo, late Governor of Malaga, and brother-in-law to the Prince of Peace. The king and Queen have asked to retire to Grenada or St. Lucar, but the council has opposed it as being too near the coast; they are allowed to chuse between Guadalaxara and Arenas a small place in the centre of Castille."
"ALICANT, 27th March, 1808.
"On the 18th inst. at nine in the evening, an order arrived from the Generalissimo the Prince of Peace, to the Spanish and Waloon guards and other troops stationed round or doing garrison service in Madrid to march without delay to Aranjuez, where they arrived the next morning to the number of 10,000. A novelty of such a nature and at such a time, induced a multitude of people to follow them, amongst which a report was diligently circulated that their Majesties and the Prince of Peace intended to retire to Gibraltar, and from thence to America, as had been done by the Portuguese royal family. Impressed with this idea, the mob collected in the grand square before the palace, about 10 o'clock in the evening, crying, long live the king, and kill the traitor! Caballero, the first secretary of state, immediately proceeded to the royal apartment, where he found the king and queen together, much alarmed; while he was attempting to calm their apprehensions, the Prince of Peace entered with apparent consternation, and entreated their Majesties to disguise themselves immediately and escape, as the people meditated mischief against them. The secretary assured them it was false; that they expressed the greatest love and loyalty for his majesty's person and only sought revenge on a traitor. And who is he? Cried the Prince of Peace. You, said Caballero. The former drew his sword, and attempted to stab him; but the king interfering, the latter had time to retire, and take with him the Prince of Asturias, to beg protection of the guards-de-corps. The 20th CHARLES IVth ABDICATED THE THRONE to his son the Prince of Asturias, WHO IS NOW PROCLAIMED AS FERDINAND THE VIIth."
"Thus a complete revolution has taken place with the loss of few lives, when from the known sanguinary dispositions of the Spaniards rivers of blood might have been expected to be shed."
LONDON, March 30. Five hundred gun-boats have already been built in the Dutch ports, at the requisition of the French government, and the utmost activity prevails in getting them ready for sea.
APRIL 5. The Bourbon family are about to proceed to Malta.
The pressure of the distress in Portugal, in consequence of the want of provisions, has become such as to urge Junot to grant licences, for the importation of provisions by neutrals. Under these licences, several neutrals are, we understand, chartered, and now fitting out of the ports of Portugal; and they will of course bring back wine and fruits.
In the House of Lords on the 29th March, lord Hawkesbury, in the course of his speech, observed that the knowledge of the British Orders in Council had not in any degree interrupted the negotiation in America, nor had it produced any unfavorable impressions in that country; and although Mr. Rose was only instructed to treat upon the affair of the Chesapeake, he took out dispatches to Mr. Erskine embracing other objects, and which it was expected would produce a speedy accommodation.
In the House of Lords, on the 6th of April, lord Grenville gave notice, that he should, upon an early day after the recess, perhaps between the 5th and 10th of May, move to address his majesty to revoke the late orders in council.
Two-thirds of the mercantile houses in the city of Lisbon have stopped payment, in consequence of the total want of trade and the accumulated oppressions of the French government. Letters had been received in London to the 20th of March, some of which state that in the India House at Lisbon were found 36,000 bales of cotton, 16,000 bales of India goods, 13,000 bales of Malabar coast goods, an abundance of cocoa, and other articles of value. The first instalment on the contribution of forty million of crusadoes had been paid. The amount of it was about 200,000 sterling. In the list of persons assessed, Mr. Quintella (at whose house general Junot has his head quarters) Mr. Mandelize, and Mr. Caicas stand separately charged with the sum of 9000 sterling, and this only on one-twentieth part of the whole sum to be contributed. The church plate was to be estimated in the next instalment.
From Copenhagen we learn that the Sound was completely covered with ice at the beginning of March; and that at Elsinour, where the passage is narrow and the current more rapid, the masses of ice were seen collecting from day to day; so that if the frost continued a week longer, it would be possible for foot soldiers to march over it into Sweden, where the public mind was said to be in great fermentation. At Elsinour active preparations were making to embark and transport the French army into Stania; and a flotilla was building to protect the movements of the navy and secure the transports from one island to another. In the mean while the king of Sweden, (who is concentrating his army) has prohibited all communication between his kingdom and Denmark upon pain of death; and has ordered the flotilla at Abo to be burnt, to prevent its falling into the hands of the Russians, whose operations are effectually seconded by the rigor of the season.
The English squadrons continue to have the exclusive dominion of the Archipelago, seizing not only all Turkish vessels, but such as may have entered a Turkish port. On the 8th of Jan. the Dardanelles and the ports of Egypt were officially proclaimed in a state of close blockade, in the name of admiral Collingwood, with an offer to grant passports to all vessels sailing to and from Malta. This proceeding has reduced the commerce of
the Levant to a state of absolute stagnation.
Marshal Brune has been sent to the Temple for having received six millions of livres from English merchants to enable them to get their goods into Hamburg.
No material change had taken place in England, relative to the disputes between the two countries. The general wish seemed to incline towards a reconciliation.
Treasury Department, United States, April 28, 1807. WHEREAS the Commissioners of the Sinking Fund at a meeting held on the 22d day of March 1807, did among other things resolve that the Eight per cent. Stock created in pursuance of the several acts of congress passed on the 16th day of July 1798, and 7th day of May 1800, should be redeemed on the first day of January one thousand eight hundred and nine.
This is therefore to give notice that the principal of the said Eight per cent. Stock will, on surrender of the certificates, be paid on the first day of January 1809, to the respective Stockholders or their lawful representatives or attorneys duly constituted and authorized, either at the Treasury or at the Loan Office, as the case may be, where credits have been given for the amount of Stock respectively held by them.
It is further made known for the information of the parties concerned, that no transfers of the said Eight per cent. Stock either from or to the books of the Treasury or from or to the books of a Commissioner of Loans will be allowed after the first day of December, one thousand eight hundred and eight. And the interest on all certificates of said Stock, which shall not have been surrendered in pursuance of this notification, will cease and determine on the day preceding the day hereby fixed for the reimbursement thereof.
And whereas the Commissioners of the Sinking Fund at their meeting held on the 22d day of March as aforesaid, did also resolve, that the sum which after making the current payments for the years 1807 and 1808, and after reimbursing the four and a half per cent. Stock, might remain to complete the annual appropriation of Eight Millions of dollars, for those two years, should, among other purposes, be applied to the purchase of the Eight per cent. Stock at private sale, and that such of the Cashiers of the Bank of the United States, and of its office of Discount and Deposit as the Secretary of the Treasury shall designate, be the agents under his superintendence for making the said purchases: Notice is hereby accordingly given, That James Madison junior, after the office of Discount and Deposit at Washington, has been appointed agent for that purpose in Washington, to whom such of the proprietors of Right per Cent. Stock as may be willing to sell the same within the prices limited by law, are requested to apply.
ALBERT GALLATIN, Jan. Secretary of the Treasury.
THIS IS TO GIVE NOTICE, THAT the subscriber, of Montgomery county, hath obtained from the Orphan's Court of the county aforesaid, letters of administration on the personal estate of Stephen Adams, late of said county, deceased. All persons having claims against the said deceased are hereby warned to exhibit the same, with the vouchers thereof, to the subscriber, at or before the first day of November next, they may otherwise by law be excluded from all benefit of this said Estate. Given under my hand this 29th day of April, 1809. HENNARITIA ADAMS, Exec. wft of Stephen Adams, dec'd. May 2—
JAMES A. PORTER, ATTORNEY at LAW, hath just settled in the city of Washington, and opened his Office in the house of THOMAS HERTY, Esq. opposite Mr. Rhoads's tavern, Pennsylvania avenue; where, he can be consulted, and employed, in the line of his profession, at almost any time, and will use every necessary attention and exertion to merit public confidence. May 11—w2m
40 DOLLARS REWARD. FOR apprehending and delivering a Negro HARRY to the subscriber in the city of Washington or twenty-five dollars for securing said slave so that I get him again. Harry ran off on the 11th day of March 1809, he is about 5 feet 7 or 8 inches high, well made, thick lips, light black color, has the wool shaved off the back of the head the size of a dollar, and a scar on the same, and a small wen on the breast; had on when he went off a blue cloth coated, drab color bear skin round jacket (as a spencer.) Harry was purchased of Mr. George Cole of Poplar Hill, Saint Mary's county.
N. B. Having reason to believe that he was persuaded and aided in his elopement, I offer 50 dollars reward to any person who will prove to conviction in a court of justice the person guilty of such acts. PETER LENOX. April 6—tawtf
THIS IS TO GIVE NOTICE That the subscriber of St. Mary's county, hath obtained from the Orphan's court of St. Mary's county in Maryland, letters of administration on the personal estate of Dr. John Reeder, late of the county aforesaid, deceased; all persons having claims against the said deceased, are hereby warned to exhibit the same, with the vouchers thereof, to the subscriber at or before the 15th day of November next; they may otherwise by law be excluded from all benefit of the said estate. Given under my hand this 15th day of May eighteen hundred and eight.
JOSEPH HARRIS, Adm. May 16—w3m.

WANTED At the Woodyard for the ensuing year a Manager, to take charge of the whole estate. He must be a sober, diligent and discreet man—well acquainted with the culture of wheat, corn and tobacco, and the management of negroes. To such a man who can produce unquestionable testimonials of his capacity, security and fidelity, high wages will be given. A person not connected in the neighborhood will be preferred. Apply to RD. W. WEST, Woodyard. N. B. Application must be made before the 1st. Sept. next. May 13—18
NOTICE. THE Subscriber being anxious to settle all his business, has sold his entire stock of goods to John Peter; he therefore requests all those indebted to him to call and pay their accounts, (particularly such as are of long standing, as further indulgence cannot be given them). His Books are removed to the counting house of Baker, Riggs, and Co. where all his accounts will be ready for settlement by his assistant Mr. Samuel C. O'Neil, or ELISHA RIGGS. Georgetown, March 16—tf
ONE HUNDRED DOLLARS REWARD. RAN away on the evening of the 7th inst. a bright Mulatto Man, named BOB, who calls himself Robert Thomas, about 5 feet 10 inches high, 24 or 25 years of age, has large black eyebrows, large full eyes, not very dark, and is a stout, well-made, handsome fellow. His hair is thick, but not quite straight, and he wears it nicely trimmed, combed and edged on the top. His beard appears very black if suffered to grow for a day or two, but he usually shaves it very closely. He has recently received an injury on the forefinger of the left hand, and has it bound up, and may probably lose the first joint of it. He speaks deliberately, and is more correct in conversation than persons of his color usually are. He walks slowly, is a very good waiter, but delights particularly in attending to horses. He has a variety of cloths, and took with him one dark green broadcloth coat and pantaloon with yellow buttons, one cloth coat and pantaloon nearly of the same color, but the cloth of inferior quality, with white metal buttons, one blue cloth coat with covered buttons, a good hat, and a pair of black top boots. The rest of his apparel I am unable particularly to describe. He is fond of wearing boots, and pays great attention to his dress. As he can read and write very well, he may probably produce a forged authority for him to pass, or procure the certificate of some one of the Negroes, who, a few years ago, petitioned by the name of Thomas, and obtained their freedom in Maryland. If taken out of the state of Maryland and district of Columbia, and secured in any jail, so that I shall get him again, the above reward will be given; or sixty dollars if taken and secured within the said state or district; all reasonable expenses will also be paid, if he should be delivered to me in the city of Washington, or to Dr. Richard Duckett, in Prince George's county, Maryland. He is well acquainted in Annapolis, Baltimore, Geo. Town, and the city of Washington. ALLEN B. DUCKETT. May 13—epf
WAS COMMITTED to my custody as Runaways, a negro man and woman, who call themselves by the names of Thomas W. Ashton, and Betty Ashton; they say that they obtained their freedom, in Westmoreland county, Virginia, at June term 1803. Tom is about 39 years of age, about 5 feet 9 inches high; Betty is of a common size, and appears to be about 45 years of age; their clothing is very indifferent; they are in possession of something like certificates of their freedom, signed by Joseph Fox, clerk of Westmoreland county. The owner or owners of them are desired to take them away, or they will be sold for their expenses agreeably to law. JOHN ELEMING, Sheriff of Montgomery county, Md. May 6—7t
FRESH GARDEN SEEDS, &c. THE Subscriber having recently received a supply of European Garden Seeds, &c. which added to the various sorts saved by him the last summer, makes his assortment extensive and which are for sale at his Nursery Garden, Eastern Branch and at Dr. Orr's Medicine Store, Georgetown. THEO: HOLT Washington city, Feb. 11—18w
TO RENT, AND possession, given the 13th June next, that house on Pennsylvania Avenue, the property of the Washington Building Company, at present occupied by Mr. Solomon Myers—it being so well known, it is not deemed necessary to give a peculiar description of it, suffice it to say, it is calculated for an extensive tavern and boarding house—for terms, apply to MR. THOMAS HERTY, Sec. to said Company. April 29—tf
Bank of Columbia, March 18, 1808. THE President and Directors having this day declared a Dividend on the capital stock of the institution for the half year ending the 20th inst. at the rate of eight percent. per annum, the same will be paid to the stockholders or their representatives on Monday the 21st inst. or at any time thereafter. WM. WHANN, Cash. ep6w.
PORT WINE, Of very good quality in casks, each one inclosed in a dry case for security against any adulteration, with a small parcel of other excellent Wines in casks and in bottles; among which are Red & White Claret, Dry Lisbon, and very old Brazil Madeira Wine, just received and for sale, by JOHN GOULDING Who has on hand as usual an assortment of choice Liquors of most kinds used here. Georgetown, March 25—
WAR DEPARTMENT, May 12, 1808. PROPOSALS in writing will be received by this Department, until the 1st day of August next, for manufacturing muskets with bayonets, of the kind and dimensions manufactured at the United States' armories at Springfield, Massachusetts, and at Harper's Ferry, Virginia, every part to correspond in dimensions, materials, workmanship, and proof with the samples, which will be given from one or the other of those armories, or from Mr. Whitney's armory at New Haven in Connecticut. It will be unnecessary for any one to offer terms, unless the price shall be reasonable, and not exceeding Ten Dollars and seventy five cents. Any person inclined to contract for the delivery of from five hundred to two thousand stands a year, for five years, will, on the execution of the contract, and entering into bond with approved sureties for the faithful performance thereof, receive in advance, if required, a sum equal to the amount of the contract price of the number he shall agree to deliver the first year; and such other subsequent advances, as his punctuality in the faithful performance of his contract may entitle him to. No proposals will be attended to, unless from persons of such character, as can be fully relied on for a faithful and punctual performance of their contracts, and who can give ample and satisfactory security for the correct fulfilment thereof. No muskets will be received under any contract, that shall not, on a full and correct inspection by persons appointed for the purpose, be found, in all their parts, and in workmanship, fully to correspond with the patterns. H. DEARBORN, Secretary of War. May 16—2aw5w
40 DOLLARS REWARD, FOR apprehending and bringing to home, or the one half for securing in jail so that we get them again, OLIVER & DAVID who run away from the subscribers living in Madison county, Virginia, on the 17th of Feb. last. Oliver, a middling stout made fellow, near 6 feet high, about 46 years old, some few grey hairs to be seen about his temples, a little yellow complexioned. David, a large stout made fellow, about 6 feet high, 26 years old, thick lips and full face, and has a brand with the letter G. on his right cheek, it looks dim, hardly discoverable without close inspection; dark complexioned. Said negroes ran away last summer, and was apprehended. One was committed to Fairfax jail, and the other was committed to Dumfries jail, and do expect they have gone that way again, aiming for Maryland, and may have provided themselves with a pass and attempt to pass as free people. We do hereby forewarn all masters of vessels and others from taking on board the vessels the said negroes or secreting them any other way under the strictest penalties of the law. THOS. GRAVES, Jun. THEOPHILUS EDDINS. April 25—4w
RUNS AND GRITS, HAVE for sale at their store George Town, the following articles just received from Philadelphia, by the schooner Carolina, capt. HAND, jun. viz. 30 kegs butter, 20 barrels, New Town, Pippin Apples, 10 do. buck wheat flour, 10 do. Cranberries, and 10 do. shell bark hickory nuts. Also a small assignment of very elegant Looking Glasses, Waiters, Trays, polished steel Shovel and Tonges, with cu and brass heads, &c. &c. January 9—tf
TO BE LET, After the 20th June next, THAT elegant, well built two-story BRICK HOUSE, lately the property of Mr. Wm. Woodward, on Pennsylvania Avenue. The stand is well known. Solomon Myers's lease for three years, at the rate of 250 dollars per annum, will expire on that day.—For terms enquire at Robert Underwood's, directly opposite. April 27—epf
WASHINGTON BRIDGE COMPANY. NOTICE is hereby given, to the subscribers to the Washington Bridge Company that certificates of stock of the said Company are ready for issuing upon application to the Clerk at Greenleaf's Point, City of Washington. All transfers must be made in the books of the Company in person or by attorney. By order of the Directors SAM. ELLIOT, jun. Clerk.
Form of a power of Attorney. I hereby constitute and appoint my lawful attorney, to transfer shares standing in my name, on the books of the Washington Bridge Company. Given under my hand and seal, this _____ day of _____ Sealed and delivered in presence of [Two Witnesses.] May 16—3t
BAKER, RIGGS & Co. At E. Riggs' old stand, (sign of the Plough) a few doors above the Union Tavern, Have just received a large supply of SPRING GOODS; Among them are fancy muslins, un-dressed chintzes, ginghams, linen cambrics, cambric handkerchiefs, long lawns, fancy printed robes, long shawls, Leno veils, Italian silks, spring bonnets, gloves, flowers, hosiery, ribbons, ladies' and gentlemen's umbrellas, India crapes, white jeans, fancy Mar-seilles, tablecloths, Irish linens, superfine cloths, 4.4 and 3.4 Russia diapers, and many other fancy and substantial articles; all of which have been selected at the best markets, (principally for cash) enables them to sell very low. Geo. Town, April 5—M&P6w
A GREAT BARGAIN. JOSEPH WHEATON Broker and Commission Merchant, has put into his hands for sale, at his office in F street near the Bank, a valuable property in the city of Washington, consisting of 646,453 square feet of city LOTS advantageously situated on the most prominent and valuable streets, and near the Navy Yard and Bridge, and to be had on the most reasonable terms of payment. This great bargain is recommended to gentlemen desirous of securing an early fortune, in this truly growing and flourishing city; the permanent residence and seat of the government of the United States. Other city property to be had—Houses and Lots—Enquire as above. All kinds of Stocks bought and sold. Wanted to Purchase a few MILITARY LAND WARRANTS. Washington city, Dec. 11—tf
MR. JOSHUA B. BOND'S celebrated running Horse FIRST CONSUL, Will stand this season, at the subscriber's farm in Prince Georges county, Maryland, about seven miles from Queen Anne, ten from Bladensburg, the same distance from Upper Marlborough, and about sixteen miles from the city of Washington; at Twenty-Five dollars the season, and one dollar to the groom; but Twenty-One dollars will be received in full if sent with the mares; if the money is not sent with the mares it is requested that notes of hand will be sent at that time, given for Twenty-Six dollars, payable at the expiration of the season, which will commence immediately and end the 1st of August. Good pasture will be furnished gratis, as soon as the grass is good, and in the mean time, hay and corn furnished at the common price, for the mares according to orders. The utmost care will be taken of the mares, but I will not be answerable for accidents or escapes. Consol is of fine figure, beautiful bright bay, with a small blaze in his face, and his hind ankles white; full 15 and 12 hands high. It is expected that the stock from Consol and well bred mares, will not be surpassed by the stock from any horse (scarcely) in America, for the turf, carriage, or saddle; or even from Consol and good looking mares, which have none of the running blood; their colts cannot be other than elegant in a carriage or under the saddle. Such mares as have little, or not any of what is supposed to be running blood in them, may be put to Consol at half price, the money sent with the mares. It should be preferred by gentlemen living beyond Bladensburg and Upper Marlborough, who wish to breed from Consol, by giving notice to the subscriber, he can be sent one day in each week to each place, from the first day of April, while there will be any mares to send to him from either of those directions; say Bladensburg on Tuesday, and Upper Marlborough on Saturday. ISAAC DUCKETT. March 12, 1808.
PEDIGREE OF FIRST CONSUL. HE was foaled in Philadelphia county, June 1798, got by the noted running horse Flag of Truce, his dam by the imported horse Slender, his granddam from the imported mare Diana, Diana was got by Old Eclipse, Slender was got by King Herod, who produced more runners than any other horse in England, as may be seen by the Racing Calendar, therefore it may in truth be said on the dam side of First Consul, the two great grand sires were the best horses England ever produced. Flag of Truce was bred by colonel Good of Virginia and was esteemed the best turf horse in his day and was the sire to colonel Taylor's famous running horse Leviathan. First Consul has won either 20 or 22 purses from 100l. and 100g. and never started against a horse he did not outrun until the fall he was eight years old—the spring following he won three purses and distanced the field the first day at New Market on Long Island. JOSHUA B. BOND, Philadelphia. March 18—epfM&P6w
FORTY DOLLARS REWARD. RAN AWAY on Sunday the 10th ult. at Alexandria, from the hon. Macmaduke Williams, member of Congress for N. Carolina, negro Joe Key, who formerly belonged to Dr. Thornton of the city of Washington. Joe is about 5 feet 6 inches high, very active and strong, a little bow legged, and combs his wool very high before. He had on a round dark grey jacket, a striped swanskin waistcoat, and dark blue pantaloon, all with white metal buttons; light blue and white mixed half stockings; a hat and shoes, all new. Whoever will lodge him in any jail, or secure him so that he can be had again by his master, shall receive the above reward and reasonable expenses by application to the printer hereof. City of Washington, May 16—3t
THIS IS TO GIVE NOTICE, THAT the subscribers of Washington city have obtained from the Orphan's Court of Washington county in the district of Columbia, letters testamentary on the personal estate of GEORGE MITCHELL late of said city, deceased. All persons having claims against the said estate are hereby warned to exhibit the same to the subscribers on or before the 1st day of December next, they may otherwise by law be excluded from all benefit of said estate. Given under our hands this 9th day of May in the year 1808. JOHN MCGOWAN, MICHL. NOURSE. May 11—6t
ON the petition of WILLIAM CONNER an insolvent debtor confined in the prison of Washington county aforesaid for debt—Notice is hereby given to the creditors of the said William Conner, that on Monday the 23d inst. at the court room in the Capitol, at the hour of 9 o'clock A. M. the oath prescribed by the act of Congress, entitled, "An act for the relief of insolvent debtors within the district of Columbia," will be administered to the said Conner, and a trustee appointed, unless sufficient cause be then and there shown to the contrary. It is ordered that this notice be published in the National Intelligencer, three times before that day. By order of the honorable Wm. Cranch, esq. chief judge of the circuit court of the district of Columbia. WM. BRENT, Clk. May 16—3t
LINDSAY'S HOTEL. The Subscriber has taken that well calculated house on the Capitol Hill. Late occupied by Mr. Frost formerly by Mr. Stelle—Where he intends to open a Tavern on the 24th October. Those gentlemen who may favor him with their Custom may rely on every attention in the Power of the Public's devoted Servant. GEO. W. LINDSAY. N. B.—EIGHT or TEN BOARDERS may be conveniently accommodated. October 19—tf
UNITED STATES. District of Columbia, Washington county, to wit: IN CHANCERY, Circuit Court, December term 1807. Gideon Snow—complainant, against Abigail Perkins widow and adm'r. and Hannah Perkins, sister and heir of Joseph Perkins, deceased and Nathan Bond—defendants. THE bill states that Joseph Perkins, formerly of Boston, now deceased, being indebted unto the United States for duties to the amount of seven hundred and fifty seven dollars and fifty cents current money, requested the complainant as his security to enter into two several obligations for the payment thereof, that in compliance with said request he the said complainant, did so become his security; that when the said bonds became due, the said Joseph Perkins failed to pay the same, and the said complainant was obliged to pay the same; that the said Joseph Perkins, died intestate, having no lineal heirs, and having a widow, Abigail Perkins, and a sister, Hannah Perkins, above named, who both reside in Boston; that the said Joseph Perkins left a personal estate inadequate to the payment of his debts, and the whole of the same has been fully administered; that the equitable interest in and to lots numbered five and six in square numbered five hundred and thirty-three, and lot numbered two in square numbered four hundred and eight, all lying and being in the city of Washington, county and district aforesaid, were conveyed to said Joseph Perkins, by a certain Nathan Bond, also of Boston, and that the whole of the purchase money hath been paid for the same—The said bill further prays a decree for the sale of said lots, for the payment of the said money so paid by said complainant, as security for the said Joseph Perkins. It is on the complainant's motion, ordered, that he procure a copy of this order, to be inserted once a week in each of three successive weeks in the National Intelligencer, and once a week in each of three successive weeks in some newspaper published in Boston before the third Monday of June next, ensuing, to the end that the said Abigail Perkins, Hannah Perkins and Nathan Bond and all other persons (if any there be) interested in the premises may have notice of the complainant's application, and of the object of his said bill, and that the said defendants may be warned to appear in person or by solicitor in this court, on or before the third Monday in June next ensuing, to show cause if any they can why a decree as prayed for, in and by said bill, should not be made. By order, WM. BRENT, Clk. May 4—w3t
SALE. On Monday the 23d inst. will be sold, at Public Auction, at the house of the subscriber, the remains of his stock of Dry Goods & Groceries. —Also his Household Furniture; until which time, he will sell good bargains to merchants or others. Sale to commence at 11 o'clock, A. M. N. B. He will sell at private sale, on a liberal credit, the House he now occupies; a small Frame House near to the Tobacco Warehouse; several Lots of Ground on the square on which Mr. Cherry lives, and one Lot fronting the Marine Barracks. There is no property in the city in better situations. ALEX. COCHRAN, jr. May 18—3t
ONE HUNDRED WORKMEN AND A FEW TEAMS WANTED IMMEDIATELY to hew, saw, raft, and haul timber for the Washington Bridge—Constant employment may be had for six months by application to Andrew Scholfield in Alexandria, John Muncure at Aquia or William Hovey, jr. King George county, or to JOAN. & M. SCHOLFIELD. The printer in Fredericksburg is requested to publish this in his paper for three weeks. May 18—3t
BURNS AND BELL. WOOLLEN drapers, men's mercers, and tailors, New Jersey Avenue, opposite the Secretary of the Navy's, respectfully inform the public that they have commenced business in the above line, where they will endeavor to give satisfaction—they have on hand a fresh supply of the most fashionable goods, suitable for the approaching season, all fresh and of the very best quality. N. B. Regimentals and naval uniforms made in the most elegant and fashionable style with neatness and dispatch. October 23—tf
ROAMAWAY. WAS committed to the jail of Calvert county, state of Maryland as a runaway on the 17th of last April, a negro man, who says his name is JIM and belongs to Balden Lee of King George's county state of Virginia, he is about 21 or 22 years old 5 feet 8 inches high, yellow complexion; his clothes are a green coat, blue cloth pantaloon homespun shirt. His owner is desired to release him or he will be sold for his jail fees agreeably to law. JOHN LEDWICK, Sheriff of Calvert county. May 18—3t
NOTICE is hereby given, that I will receive until the 5th day of June next, written proposals for supplying the House of Representatives for the next session with one hundred and fifty cords of Hickory Wood; the same to be delivered, sawed and put into the cellar on or before the first day of November next. Security will be required for the performance of the contract. PATRICK MAGRUDER, Clk. Clerk's Office, H. R. May 18—15th June.
TUNIS CRAVEN HAS removed his entire stock of DRY GOODS from Alexandria to Washington, and is now opening, at his new Store, between the Marine Garrison and Navy Yard Gate, an assortment equal to any in the District; among which are, Wood's best London cloths, Do. double milled & plain cassimeres, Bennett's cords and velvets, Constitution, Gerrow, hunting, Trafalgar, and silver cords, Velvets, Imperial, Brunswick waistcoating, Silk moleskins do. Toilnets, swansdown do. Plain and figured Marseilles do. Bears skin coatings, Plains, kerseys, halfthicks, Rose and dubl blankets, flannels, Superfine green cloth table covers, Calicoes, colored cambrics, Ginghams, silk and cotton chambrays, Furniture Chintz, Cambric and jaconet muslins, India and British book do. India mull and figured and plain, Plain and figured lenoes, Laced cambrics, Elegant tamboured mulls, Grecian robes and Pelisse dresses, 3.4 damask and raw silk shawls, Damask scarfs, Camel's hair and swansdown do. Down scarfs, Long and short lace sleeves, spider & nett sleeves, Extra long and habit kid gloves, Do. do. silk do. Do. do. raw silk do. Cross-barred and plain Mantuas and lute strings, Persians and Medes, Thread and cotton laces, Lace caps and handkerchiefs, Book muslin and leno cap patterns, 4.4 7.8 Irish linens, Long lawns, linen cambrics, Irish diapers, table-cloths, napkins, Cotton counterpanes, Cambric Dimities, Common do. Furniture do. Ladies and gentlemen's silk, thread, cotton, worsted, lamb's wool & Angola hose, Gentlemen's pantaloon do. Silk cords and buttons, Ribbons, floss threads, Scarl and other colored bombacets, Heather rugs, Russia sheeting, tickling, Osburgs, buffas, gurrahs, &c. &c. ALSO, Imperial and young hyson tea of a superior quality in small boxes, to suit families, or by the pound—Also genuine Havana segars. T. C. is determined to sell on the lowest terms. February 3—tf
LUKE KENT, Clock and Watch Maker from Philadelphia. BEGS leave to inform his friends and the public, that he has taken the shop occupied by the late Mr. Suter in F street, Washington, near the Treasury, where he carries on the above business in all its branches. Any orders in his line will be thankfully received and duly attended to. Tea spoons, table spoons, gold ear rings, finger rings, and every other article in the line made to order in the best manner and shortest time. May 11—6t
WANTED IMMEDIATELY to hew, saw, raft, and haul timber for the Washington Bridge—Constant employment may be had for six months by application to Andrew Scholfield in Alexandria, John Muncure at Aquia or William Hovey, jr. King George county, or to JOAN. & M. SCHOLFIELD. The printer in Fredericksburg is requested to publish this in his paper for three weeks. May 18—3t
BURNS AND BELL. WOOLLEN drapers, men's mercers, and tailors, New Jersey Avenue, opposite the Secretary of the Navy's, respectfully inform the public that they have commenced business in the above line, where they will endeavor to give satisfaction—they have on hand a fresh supply of the most fashionable goods, suitable for the approaching season, all fresh and of the very best quality. N. B. Regimentals and naval uniforms made in the most elegant and fashionable style with neatness and dispatch. October 23—tf
ROAMAWAY. WAS committed to the jail of Calvert county, state of Maryland as a runaway on the 17th of last April, a negro man, who says his name is JIM and belongs to Balden Lee of King George's county state of Virginia, he is about 21 or 22 years old 5 feet 8 inches high, yellow complexion; his clothes are a green coat, blue cloth pantaloon homespun shirt. His owner is desired to release him or he will be sold for his jail fees agreeably to law. JOHN LEDWICK, Sheriff of Calvert county. May 18—3t