The national intelligencer and Washington advertiser. (Washington City [D.C.]), 1808-03-11 00:00:00

National Intelligencer.
WASHINGTON ADVERTISER.
VOL. VIII.
WASHINGTON CITY, PRINTED BY SAMUEL HARRISON SMITH, PENNSYLVANIA AVENUE.
NO. 1156.
FIVE DOLLARS PER ANNUM,
FRIDAY, MARCH 11, 1808.
PAID IN ADVANCE.
JUST PUBLISHED, A NEW AND GREATLY IMPROVED FAMILY PHYSICIAN ENTITLED THE PLANTER'S & MARINER'S MEDICAL COMPANION. BY JAMES EWELL, Physician at Savannah.
RECOMMENDATIONS. In testimony of the merits of this work, the following certificates presented by some of the most distinguished Medical characters of the United States, are inserted.
Philadelphia, Dec. 31, 1807. SIR—I have read your book, entitled "The Planter's and Mariner's Medical Companion" with pleasure, and think it worthy the attention of the citizens of the United States.
W. SHIPPEN, M. D. Professor of Anatomy.
Philadelphia, Dec. 31, 1807. DEAR SIR—I have carefully perused your work, just printed, entitled "The Planter's and Mariner's Medical Compa- nion." I take much pleasure in expressing my entire approbation of the plan of the work, and of the utility with which you have conducted your enquiries. Your book cannot fail to be a very acceptable present to the public in general, and especially of our own countrymen. I really am of opinion, that you are enti- tled to much praise for the pains which you have taken in furnishing us with a work, such as the "Medical Compan- ion," the want of which has long been experienced among us.
With sincere wishes for your health and happiness, and for the continuance of your usefulness,
I remain, my dear sir, Your friend, &c.
B. S. BARTON, M. D. Professor of Materia Medica, Natural History, and Botany. Dr. James Ewell.
December 28th, 1807. I have read "The Planter's and Ma- riner's Medical Companion," by Dr. James Ewell of the state of Georgia, with pleasure and satisfaction. It is a book containing a variety of matter in a small compass. The practice which he recommends in diseases, is modern and judicious, and the work cannot fail of being extremely useful, in all families in the United States.
JAMES WOODHOUSE, M. D. Professor of Chemistry, in the University of Pennsylvania. Dr. James Ewell.
Philadelphia, Dec. 26th, 1807. DEAR SIR—I have looked over "The Planter's and Mariner's Medical Compa- nion" with great pleasure, and not a little instruction. I find it an ex- cellent remembrancer of much that I have already learnt from other works, and from professional experience. Be- ing better adapted to the general cir- cumstances of the U. States, than any other production of the kind hitherto published, it cannot fail to prove an in- valuable "Companion" to those remou- nted medical aid. That all your views in the publication of it may be more than realised, is the sincere wish of
Your friend and obedient servant, CHARLES CALDWELL, M. D. Dr. James Ewell.
Philadelphia, Dec. 29, 1807. DEAR SIR—The work entitled, "The Planter's Medical Companion," which you were good enough to submit to my examination, I have read very attentively, and I consider it the most useful popular treatise on medicine, hitherto published.
The writings of Tissot, Buchan, and Roe, on this subject, have deservedly acquired reputation, but their practice is adapted rather to the diseases of the countries in which they lived, than to those of our own.
A well-digested work, in a style plain and familiar, which should inculcate a practice suited to the diseases of the United States has been long required. You have now supplied the want. I trust that your very valuable book may be widely circulated. It is certainly calculated to do much good. Every fam- ily should purchase and carefully read it.
N. CHAPMAN, M. D. Lecturer on Midwifery, and the disease of Women and Children. Dr. James Ewell.
DEAR SIR, I have carefully perused your "Me- dical Companion," and have much plea- sure in assuring that it abounds with excellent observations, well calculated to convey valuable instruction to all who are not possessed of regular informa- tion on the subjects of which it treats. It is easy of comprehension, and has an important advantage in being short, whilst it leaves little that is essential unnoticed. Heads of families will find it a useful guide on many interesting occasions. Were indeed, men in gene- ral to give more attention to the principles of diseases, and the means of
remedying them, their ravages might be much more extensively mitigated. With my best wishes for your success in your endeavours to lessen the sum of human evils, I beg you to be assured, that I am, dear sir, yours with sincere regard.
JOHN CRAWFORD, M. D. Baltimore, 7th March, 1808. To Dr. James Ewell.
Baltimore, March 3d, 1808. DEAR SIR—We have read over your publication entitled the "Planter's and Mariner's Medical Companion" with much satisfaction, and consider it as meriting esteem for the concise and accurate history which it gives of the various diseases of the human body (few if any of which, we believe are omitted) and the method of cure, which is both rational and agreeable to our experience. We are happy that you have made use of the new facts that have occurred in medicine, in that plain and easy manner which renders the mass to be comprehended & acted upon by per- sons of moderate knowledge in disease. We can recommend it, with propriety, to that class of citizens who have not an opportunity or means of procuring re- gular medical advice, and consider it as full answering the intention of your benevolence to people of these states, in its compilation.
We are your well-wishers, LITTLEJOHN & DONALDSON Dr. James Ewell.
DEAR SIR—We have perused your book, entitled the "Planter's and Ma- riner's Medical Companion," with much satisfaction, and strongly recom- mend it to the attention of those fami- lies who cannot, with convenience, procure medical aid. We think it the best pub- lication we have ever read, on the do- mestic treatment of diseases, more especially as it regards those of our climate.
We are, Very respectfully, Sir, Your most obed't. servants, BROWN & MACKENZIE. Baltimore, 4th March, 1808. Dr. James Ewell.
SIR—I have read your work on Do- mestic Medicine, with pleasure. The practice recommended in it is, I think, judicious, and I have no doubt that the solitary planter and the voyager, se- cluded from medical aid, will often be under great obligations to you. Your work is the first that has been written for family use in this country, and be- ing from the pen of a native physician, has great advantage over the publica- tions of Buchan and Tissot. Its dis- semination shall prove equal to what it merits, you will soon have a call for an- other edition.
I am, with respect, JOHN SHAW, A. M. Professor of Chemistry, in the Col- lege of Medicine of Maryland.
DEAR SIR—I have looked over your "Medical Companion" with pleasure and satisfaction, and approve of the design. The arrangement of the vari- ous parts is judicious, the language is plain and perspicuous, and the senti- ments happily concised—the modern treatment grow out of the most im- proved state of our science, and may serve not only as a safe and useful guide to the "Planter and Mariner," but are well calculated, from their intrinsic merit to suggest valuable hints to the medical practitioner.
Every family, cut off from the regu- lar services of able physicians, would in my opinion, with advantage, possess one of your volumes.
Accept the homage of my regard. JOHN B. DAVIDGE, M. D. Professor of Anatomy, Surgery, &c. in the College of Medicine of Mary- land.
Baltimore, Feb. 19, 1808.
George Town, Columbia, } March 3d, 1808 } DEAR SIR—The ample testimonials of approbation prefixed to your work, entitled "The Medical Companion," will I hope, secure you the patronage of your countrymen.
It belongs exclusively to the real physician to be able to determine the merit of Medical compositions; and your book has auspiciously conciliated the unequivocal commendations of medi- cal names of no common note.
Few physicians meet with the re- wards of their well meant and laborious exertions in the cause of humanity; but that your laudable exertions may be liberally rewarded is the sincere wish of
Yours, JOHN WEEMS, M. D. Dr. James Ewell. March 11—t
COLUMBIA DRAGOONS, Met at the usual Parade Ground south of the Centre Market, on Satur- day the 12th inst. precisely at 3 o'clock P. M. agreeably to the Constitution of the Troop.
ALEX. COCHRAN, Jr. Sec. March 9—2t
CONGRESS.
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES.
MONDAY, MARCH 7.
Mr. Boyle, from the committee of public lands, reported a bill supple- mentary to an act for regulating grants of land in the Michigan territory; which was twice read and referred to a committee of the whole.
Mr. G. W. Campbell, from the committee of Ways and Means, re- ported a bill fixing the salaries of clerks in the respective departments; which was twice read and referred to a committee of the whole.
A message in writing was received from the President of the United States, inclosing documents and plans respecting the batteries and public buildings at New Orleans.
The message and documents being read, were referred to the committee on public lands.
Sundry resolutions of the legisla- ture of Kentucky were received from the Senate, approving the conduct of the present administration. [See our last paper.] Which having been read, were ordered to lie on the table.
Mr. Newton, from the committee of commerce and manufactures, to whom was committed the bill from the Senate for the erection of light houses and placing buoys in the places therein mentioned, reported the bill with amendments; which was referred to a committee of the whole.
Mr. Holmes, from the committee of claims, made a report favorable to the petition of Daniel Cotton; which was referred to a committee of the whole.
Mr. J. Clay from the committee ap- pointed on the subject, reported a bill for the encouragement of learning and promotion of the useful arts; which was twice read and referred to a com- mittee of the whole.
On motion of Mr. Clopton, Resolved, That a committee be ap- pointed to enquire into the expedi- ency of continuing in force for a longer time, an act for the more effectual preservation of peace in the ports and harbors of the United States and the waters under their jurisdiction, and that they have leave to report by bill or otherwise.
On motion of Mr. Montgomery the House resolved itself into a committee of the whole on the bill concerning courts martial and courts of enquiry.
Mr. J. Clay's motion for striking out the first section being yet under con- sideration—
Mr. Findley said he did not know that argument was necessary to subvert the objections which had been made to the bill. The gen- tleman from Kentucky (Mr. Rowan) had given the best reason in the world for his objections, that he knew nothing about the subject; every one hearing his arguments, would have discovered that without his telling them. Those officers who compose courts martial, said Mr. F. are selected from their country for their integrity and honor, and are responsible for their conduct. I wish the gentle- man from Kentucky and all who do not know it, to understand that court martial are always held as publicly as civil courts, but deliberate and make up their opinions in private. Mr. F. then made some observations in favor of the principle of the bill; he thought the measure which it embrac- ed was necessary for the justification of character and to prevent slander. He said he had been in courts martial; and whenever the judge advocate had summoned citizens, they had attended without compulsion. If persons who were summoned were inclined to do justice, they would still do so; but as a case of refusal had occurred, it was requisite to provide that they should not have it in their power to refuse.
The question on striking out the first section was then taken and the motion negatived, 52 to 36.
Mr. Taylor observed that he had been struck with the force of the obser- vations of the gentleman from Mary- land a few days ago, on that part of the law, which requires, upon a certain cause shown, the production of every paper, document, &c. The judicial courts did not possess the power of wresting from an individual private papers. The general term of the laws which authorised the sending for persons, papers and records in certain cases were construed to include mere-
ly public papers. He wished to leave these courts precisely in the same si- tuation as courts of law, and therefore moved to insert in the first section the word "public" before the words "pa- per, document, &c."—Agreed.
Several amendments having been made not affecting the principle of the bill,
The committee rose and reported the bill.
The amendments having been ag- reed to, and the question having been put that the bill be engrossed for a third reading,
Mr. D. R. Williams moved to strike out all the 1st section, except the amendment which had been made.
The Speaker decided that the motion was not in order.
The question on the bill's passing to a third reading, was then taken by yeas and nays on motion of Mr. Stan- ford, as follows:
YEAS.—Messrs. W. Alston, Ba- con, Bard, Blake, Boyle, Brown, Bur- well, Butler, Calhoun, G. W. Camp- bell, M. Clay, Cook, Cutts, Dawson, Deane, Desha, Eppes, Findley, Fisk, Green, Heister, Helms, Holland, Holmes, Howard, Ilsley, Jackson, Johnson, Jones, Kirkpatrick, Knight, Lambert, M'Creery, J. Montgomery, N. R. Moore, Jer. Morrow, Jno. Mor- row, Nelson, Newbold, Newton, Nich- olas, Porter, Pugh, Rea, (P.) Rhea, (T.) J. Richards, M. Richards, Saw- yer, Seaver, Smelt, Smilie, J. K. Smith, Southard, Storer, Swart, Tay- lor, Thompson, Troup, Verplanck, Wharton, Whitehill, Wilbour, Wil- son, Winn, Withersall—65.
NAYS.—Messrs. L. J. Alston, Bas- set, Bibb, Champion, Chittenden, J. Clay, Cobb, Culpepper, Dana, Daven- port, Durell, Elliot, Ely, Gardner, Grey, Harris, Hoge, Jenkins, Kelly, Lewis, Livermore, Lloyd, Macon, Ma- rion, Masters, D. Montgomery, Mos- ely, Pitkin, Quincy, Randolph, Riker, Rowan, Russel, S. Smith, Stanford, Sturges, Tallmadge, Trigg, Upham, Van Allen, Van Horne, D. R. Wil- iams, M. Williams—43.
On motion of Mr. Dawson, the House took up for consideration the report of the committee of the whole on the bill authorising the sale of cer- tain arms.
Mr. Bibb introduced an amendment to the bill, to except from the requi- sition of paying money into the trea- sury before delivery, the states to which the United States may be in- debted in a sum equal to the amount of the purchase.
[This clause was objected to by Mr. Quincy, inasmuch as it would permit the creditor states to realise the debts due from the United States which may be payable ten or twenty years hence; all the states thus coming forward must be equally en- titled to receive arms; there not be- ing arms sufficient for all, it would give rise to an exercise of favoritism to particular states.
It was supported by Messrs. Daw- son, Bibb and Nelson, who replied that if these states chose thus to real- ise the debts due to them, for which they now receive interest, the United States would have no objection. But the states would not do this, for it was known when funded debt was to be extinguished, that individuals would not subscribe stock; that even if states did come forward and apply for more arms than could be conveniently dis- posed of, the Secretary of War would give to those states in preference which really had occasion for them.]
Mr. Bacon proposed an amendment to the proviso of Mr. Bibb to limit the debts mentioned in the proviso to debts actually payable to the state ap- plying, at the time of purchase.
This amendment was agreed to; but a few minutes afterwards,
Mr. Taylor who had voted in the majority from a misapprehension of the bearing of the amendment, moved a reconsideration of Mr. Bacon's mo- tion—Agreed, 37 to 35.
Mr. Bibb called for a division of Mr. Bacon's motion, taking it first on striking out of the proviso the words intended to be substituted by the a- mendment.
The question thus divided, was ne- gatived, 51 to 14.
A quorum not having voted, Mr. Ely moved to adjourn—Neg- atived, Ayes 13.
The question on Mr. Bacon's a- mendment to the proviso as divided, was negatived 61 to 10.
The question was then taken on
Mr. Bibb's proviso and carried, 53 to 26.
[The ground of the various amend- ments to this bill and discussion upon them is this: The state of Georgia wishes to purchase arms to the num- ber of 10,000 stands, but has not in her treasury specie wherewith to make payment. There is due to the state of Georgia out of the proceeds of the first sales of the Yazoo lands in payment for which the money is due, a sum of money. Georgia wishes to receive from the United States, those arms of which she stands in need, as a composition in advance of part of the payment which the United States is bound to make to her at a certain time. Georgia is one of the applicants for arms and the state whose necessity for them is the most pressing.]
Those who opposed the object of the bill by motions and observa- tions, were Messrs. Bacon, Ely, Quin- cy & Rhea, (T.)
Those who supported it were Messrs. Alston, Bibb, Dawson, Nelson, Nicholas, Troup, Taylor and Van Horne.
The bill as amended was ordered to a third reading to-morrow, 62 to 14.
A communication was received from the Secretary of War inclosing a re- port of applications for pensions dur- ing the recess. Referred to the com- mittee of Claims.
Adjourned, Ayes 64.
TUESDAY, MARCH 8.
Mr. Claiborne, a member from the state of Virginia, appeared and took his seat.
Mr. Sloan presented a petition from sundry inhabitants of Egg harbor, N. J. praying for the erection of cer- tain buoys, &c. which was referred to the committee of Commerce and Ma- nufactures.
Mr. Montgomery, from the commit- tee to whom was referred the Pres- ident's message on the subject, report- ed a bill additional to the bills hereto- fore passed respecting the Ohio road. [This bill appropriates the sum of dollars in addition to former appropria- tions on the subject.] Which was twice read and referred to a commit- tee of the whole.
On motion of Mr. Van Horne, the resolution which he laid on the table a few days ago, for amending the con- stitution in relation to contracts, was taken up and referred to a committee of the whole on the state of the Un- ion.
On a motion made to resume the consideration of a resolution on the table for printing certain papers rela- tive to the Yazoo claim the House refused to consider it.
Mr. Cook presented the petition of John M. Moody, praying payment of bounty (which the collector of the district had declined to pay) on a fish- ing vessel cast away, and which lost all her cargo and papers after having been out four months. Mr. C. moved a reference of the petition to the com- mittee of Claims, and then to the committee of Ways and Means. It was however referred to the commit- tee of Commerce and Manufactures, notwithstanding the suggestion of Mr. Cook, that the latter committee had in a manner prejudged the case by a rejection of a petition of a like nature.
The Speaker having commenced reading the engrossed bill concerning courts martial and courts of enquiry.
Mr. Basset said he could not sit still while the bill was reading, with- out mentioning a proposition which he wished to make in relation to it. He believed there was no position more sound than that wherever a tri- bunal was instituted it should be made as perfect as possible; to effect this it was necessary that it should be induced with the most extensive power to col- lect facts. He was therefore clearly of opinion that the power of military courts to obtain testimony should be extended; but there was one princi- ple in this bill to which he could not consent. He meant that part which put it in the power of a court martial to bring our citizens from either ex- treme of the continent to the other. A view of the continent would shew the hardship of it. He would not re- strain this power from a belief that our courts martial were so far biased as to make an ill use of it, but he would not give it, because there was a possi- bility of their becoming so. He was not prepared to say that the difference between parole and written evidence was so great as to require oral testi-

mony in all cases; he had always thought that civil courts had carried this principle too far, and certainly did not wish to admit it here. As the bill at present stood, a citizen might be called by a military court from the province of Maine to New-Orleans. Mr. B. suggested one difference in this respect between courts of law and courts martial. Civil courts were numerous and held at stated places, offenders being tried in the district where the offence was committed, so that a witness might in civil cases not have so great a distance to travel; whilst a military court is held perhaps in a remote corner of the country from the peculiarity of its organization.
Mr. B. concluded by moving that the bill be recommitted for the purpose of amending the detail.
Mr. Montgomery stated to the gentleman last up that the operation of this bill went to provide that in cases in which the definitive sentence might go to loss of life or to infamy, subpoenas should issue. But where the punishment did not extend to loss of life or infamy, depositions might be taken. He would submit it to the consideration of the House whether a person should be at the risk of life, limb or reputation before a court, and not have the benefit of that testimony which would prove his innocence. There was no civil criminal jurisdiction throughout the United States, the constitution having forbade it, in which the person accused was not confronted with his witnesses; depositions were not allowed to be produced as evidence in such cases. This bill provides, said he, that in cases going to life and infamous punishment, oral testimony shall be had; in other cases depositions may be taken, upon application to a judge of the United States by the judge advocate or party accused. My own opinion on this subject is, that in no case whatever ought a sentence affecting life to be adjudged unless the party be confronted by his witnesses; this too is the practice in our civil courts under the constitution. The principle contained in the bill does not vary from the practice of the courts of the U. States, or of the several states. Inasmuch as but in few cases can it be necessary to summon witnesses from remote parts of the Union, and as in those cases they ought to attend, I wish the bill not to be recommitted.
Mr. M. Williams wished the bill to be recommitted and stated his reasons for so doing. Among others, that parole evidence taken before a court of inquiry when collected could not be received by a court martial in cases affecting life or limb. When gentlemen come to examine the principles of the bill, said he, they will be found erroneous. I am certainly of opinion that there ought to be provision by law to give a person accused of a crime a fair opportunity to meet all charges against him; but I cannot see any good grounds why a citizen should be dragged before a court martial, or compelled to come forward when their testimony could not be received. Whenever an officer in the army is charged with a crime against military law, he is tried by a military court; but whenever he commits an offence of a civil nature, it is tried by a civil court. It is well known that the case which has formed the ground of this bill is triable by a civil court—and, suppose a charge against an officer for murder, or for bribery or corruption, is it proper that these being civil offences should be tried by a military court? I think the bill very exceptionable; I wish every person accused to have a fair trial, but I would never give power to a military court to drag our citizens from every part of the union. Another section gives power to compel the production of all public papers. Would you compel a clerk of a court to bring forth all his records? Is there in the United States any court which has that power? In some cases copies of particular records are permitted to be taken; but this bill not only requires the records but all in the possession of any officer, upon the summons of a military court. Another part says the witness shall be tried for non-attendance by the military court, and fined by a civil court. The second section says the witness shall not be discharged until he has gone through an examination, and the court think proper to discharge him. Gentlemen have told us that a military court will not pretend to abuse their authority: I would not give an authority to them which they possibly could abuse. A witness might be led to give testimony to convict himself by a court composed of military men, who though actuated by good motives, may not be acquainted with the correct rules of procedure in such cases. I can never consent to vote for this bill; if it be recommitted and such a bill reported as might be formed, I might
vote for it, as I am willing to make some provision in the case. Such a bill as this, taking power from the civil and vesting it with the military authority, never ought to be adopted in our government. We should be careful not to legislate for the particular case, but consider the general effects of the bill.
Mr. Fisk was opposed to recommittal. The necessity and justice of confronting persons accused with the witnesses against them had been acknowledged in all free governments. Depositions, he said, were the most fallacious evidence that could be conceived; much more of fact could be gathered from oral testimony, cross-examinations being essentially necessary for obtaining the whole truth. In depositions when taken, said he, the deponent may be made to speak a language and convey a meaning which he did not intend, and facts may be concealed which when drawn out by question, would totally change the complexion of the evidence. So long therefore as we have a disposition to secure the liberty of man, so long certainly should we preserve the testimony by parole. The life of a citizen soldier or officer is as dear to him as it is to a man in civil life. I believe it would be good policy in all governments to reduce the military law to as close a conformity with the civil as possible. In the same proportion as we do this I believe we shall lessen the danger to be apprehended from a standing army; because while they remember the feelings of a citizen freeman, they will respect the citizens' rights. The present bill is a step towards that object; it provides that courts martial or enquiry, whenever life or reputation is involved shall have a power of summoning witnesses. This law is as well guarded as it was possible to make it; it does not put it in the power of a court martial arbitrarily to call a witness. Gentlemen will recollect that the accused is obliged to apply to a court of civil law and shew probable cause. Now let me ask whether this is not a complete security? The right is not arbitrary nor the power at the will or discretion of the accused, but it is guarded with discretion. If the power be safe with courts of law in civil cases, why not in military? If gentlemen examine this bill again they will find that notwithstanding the necessity for this testimony and the disposition of a court martial, it cannot inflict fines or forfeitures until a court of law have said that the testimony is necessary. The bill therefore makes the military subservient to the civil authority.
It has been suggested as a reason for commitment that at present a citizen can be summoned from one extreme of the country to the other. The bill provides that in cases affecting life or reputation as dear as life, (recollect that a soldier is nevertheless a brother citizen) that a witness shall be liable to be summoned. Much better is it that these inconveniences should be suffered than that an innocent man should fall a sacrifice. When life or reputation are at stake nothing can be brought in competition with them. The more you lessen the means of procuring testimony, in the same degree the government grows despotic and the liberty of the citizen endangered. In taking depositions, the persons employed for that service may be interested in the destruction of the party accused; they may be taken by ignorant persons so as to be foreign to truth, and sometimes by artful ones so as to be foreign to the meaning of the deponent, thus causing a sacrifice of life and perversion of all principles of justice. Instead of increasing we should endeavor to ameliorate the evils attendant on a military life.
We have been told that all offences committed on society are punishable by a civil court. We shall find the ease to be different on examining the articles of war, of which I will mention one or two. When the army is on its march, if any injury be done to citizens it is made the duty of the commander to see justice done; and in case he refuses, he is subject to infamous punishments, and these to be inflicted by a court martial and not by a civil court. We have given courts martial this power, whether properly or not it is not necessary to enquire: Unless you make a provision of the kind contemplated by this bill you deprive the accused of the right of obtaining testimony in his favor, which must of necessity perhaps be drawn from the civil rank. You have placed the officer in this situation, and ought to give him a chance for a fair trial. A variety of other instances might be mentioned: Speaking disrespectfully of his superior officer is made a crime, and the law is unlimited, does not confine it to the army, but extends it to all parts of the U. S. Here then is evidence required from civil life. In case of desertion also: When a soldier
overstays the time specified in his furlough, he must be tried; sickness may be plead in excuse. If it be out of his power to procure testimony of this, he is tried for his life. A number of instances might be produced where persons from their peculiar situation must be under the necessity of procuring evidence from civil life. In the same proportion that we lessen the opportunity of obtaining testimony we deprive the citizen of his privilege as an American. I wish to see the time when soldiers shall have their privileges secured and rights defined as citizens in civil life. I hope therefore the bill will be permitted to pass. Gentlemen who wish a recommittal seem to think the principles of the bill exceptionable, which I consider as essential and of as much importance as ever were contained in any one bill proposed to the consideration of the House. I have considered our articles of war as the very image of despotism. Death seems to stare us in the face through the whole of them. But they were enacted in the wisdom of the House, and probably my inability to discern the good features they contain, so much distorts them in my eyes; but I wish to secure every privilege that can be permitted.
Since no summons, no attachment, no process can issue or inconvenience can ensue till proper cause be shewn and till the judge has exercised his discretion, I trust and hope that gentlemen will find this sufficient to alleviate their fears for the citizens.
Mr. Livermore said he had no objection to the recommittal of the bill or to whatever course should be pursued in relation to it. In its present form he thought it the greatest monster ever exhibited before the legislature, & destructive of the very principles it went to support. If the gentleman last up was right in what he thought should be the spirit of the bill, he was wrong in the construction which he gave to the letter of it. From what he says, observed Mr. L. I collect that he thinks, there ought to be a discretion with a judge to issue subpoenas to compel testimony. There is not however such a provision in the bill; for although in common parlance the word "may" leaves a discretion, in legal construction it is imperative. The gentleman has an idea that the bill leaves a discretion with the judge; if it is intended, it should have been so expressed. If it is wished to give a discretion, the bill should be recommitted for the purpose; but even then I should be opposed to it altogether. I would ask gentlemen whether they are willing to give power to a military court to send to any part of the union, and compel the production of all the records—to send from a court in the province of Maine to the custos rotulorum or whatever he may be in Georgia, and compel him to produce all their acts? I do not conceive that the convention delegated this power to Congress; if however it be derived by a forced construction, there is here no necessity for its exercise and it would produce a real injury. I should consider it unfortunate that we should legislate with a view to a particular case; it is not my opinion that the Legislature can properly make a law with a view to a particular case, especially when popular opinion on the subject has been much agitated; it is said that this bill has reference to such a particular case, although in fact it is made a general law. I cannot find that it will remedy the evils which exist even in that case. An affidavit of a member of this House has been taken and sent to the President of the United States relative to a certain person: now if I recollect, the charges contained in that affidavit did not arise from the articles of war, nor were they punishable by a military court. For what purpose then are we pursuing this subject at this particular time? The gentleman involved has called upon the Secretary of War to make an enquiry into his military conduct. What may be the result? It may give him an opportunity ostensibly to clear up his conduct. I have no ill will against general Wilkinson; I am wholly unacquainted with him: but as a legislator I must take things as they come before me. I know of no necessity for this thing. If general Wilkinson be accused by the papers transmitted, it is in his power to meet them; if evidence be produced sufficient to invalidate the testimony against him, it will have all its effect.
Mr. L. then took a view of the necessity for this law. The act of Congress of the last session had established certain articles and regulations for the discipline of the army; he did not agree with gentlemen in their great objection to these, for there could be no body of disciplined troops without similar rules. He had
heard of no necessity for this law. If the United States had proceeded from 1776 to this time without it, he conceived it unnecessary to introduce it at this time. In speaking of depositions, he said he could see no material objections to them. The only difference between a deposition taken by a civil officer and oral testimony before a court martial, was that one was taken down by a civil judge and the other by the judge advocate, and in this form deliberated upon by the court. He was not anxious for the recommitment of the bill because he was opposed to the principle in toto; though he thought some addition to the articles of war of last session relative to evidence of witnesses in particular cases, might be introduced.
Mr. Marion hoped the bill would be recommitted. He was opposed to the passage of the bill in its present shape, not from enmity to military courts nor to the principle of the bill, but to the extent to which it was carried. I allow, said he, that it is important that the accused should be confronted with his witnesses, but when I recollect that in 99 cases out of an hundred where the citizen is tried for his life, viz. in all prosecutions in state courts, he cannot obtain compulsory process to obtain evidence of a witness without the limits of a state, while this bill gives a court martial power to call a witness from any part of the United States, I must object to it. The inconvenience to result to the citizen from this bill will be much greater than he suffers at present from his liability to be compelled to attend in the federal courts. The constitution of the United States provides that all criminal offences shall be tried in the districts where the crimes are committed, and it is probable that persons who can prove the offence reside in the neighborhood. Not so in courts martial or courts of enquiry. Had the enquiry now pending been held in the district where the offence is charged to have been committed, it would have been in the district of Kentucky, where probably witnesses who could testify to the person's innocence or guilt could have been easily obtained. But when the offence is triable by a court martial, the offence may be alleged to have been committed in New-Orleans, and the witnesses residing in that district may be compelled to attend the court martial in the District of Maine. Therefore the power given by this bill to courts martial is much greater in that respect than the power of the courts of the United States.
With respect to the powers being confined to those cases which extend to the cashiering or dismissal of a commissioned officer, when we consider how indefinitely offences are described in the military code and how much is left to the discretion of the courts to determine, we cannot say in many cases whether the punishment would be trivial or whether it would extend to loss of life or reputation. A judge when applied to for a summons will look into the articles of war, and if the punishment of the crime amount to cashiering, the witness must attend; a deposition cannot be taken. If an officer murders a citizen he cannot by any process I am acquainted with compel the attendance of a witness residing beyond the precinct of the state in which the crime was committed; while by this law, if he refuses to cut his hair or neglects any other requisite of military law, a citizen may be dragged from the place where the offence is committed, to any place however remote from his residence, where the court martial may be held. When I consent that a court martial in a district shall have the same power of compulsion as a civil court in that district, it is as far as I can go. If the bill be recommitted and amended, thus far I will go.
Mr. Bacon wished the bill to be recommitteed that it might pass with as general a consent as possible. He went into an examination of the principle; he cited the laws of Pennsylvania and New-York giving to state courts martial the most unlimited power to issue compulsory process; similar laws he believed existed in Massachusetts and Maryland; in how many other states in the Union he could not say. He thought upon the whole that there was nothing objectionable in the principle of the bill, but as he thought it needed a little amendment in detail, he was willing it should be recommitteed.
Mr. J. Montgomery said that the gentleman just sat down had very properly stated that this was a novel subject, presented for the first time in this form, and therefore it was not matter of surprise that the bill had been at first reported defective; it could not have been expected that it should be entirely complete at once. When the bill was first reported, said he, defects were found; it was re-
committed and reported in its present form. The gentleman from Massachusetts (Mr. Livermore) has denounced this bill as a monster. We may conceive his idea of a monster by what he considers as perfection itself. He has told us that the rules and articles of war are not deficient, that they are unexceptionable. What are they? They present to the mind the very monster which the gentleman has represented this bill to be. If he examines them he will find that besides the liability to punishment for all civil offences in common with other citizens, the officer or soldier is liable to loss of life for crimes defined in sixteen articles of the rules and regulations for the army, and more in those for the navy establishment. There are besides a number of articles affecting reputation for crimes exclusively confined to military conduct; and yet the gentleman says these are unexceptionable, and has denounced a bill for ameliorating these rules by giving the accused an opportunity of defending themselves. The House will decide on which side the deformity lies.
Mr. M. made some observations defending the detail of the bill; but as some gentlemen who were friendly to the principle had taken exception to some of its provisions, holding himself always open to conviction, and not meaning in this case to depart from that principle, he was willing that the bill should be recommitted; and therefore withdrew his opposition to the motion.
The bill was then recommitted to a committee of the whole without opposition.
The bill for remitting the duties payable on the importation of a monument, &c. was returned from the Senate with an amendment appropriating 1,000 dollars for railing and covering the same; which was negatived in this House by Yeas and Nays, 59 to 48.
The bill for incorporating the Baptist church of the city of Washington, was returned from the Senate with amendments; which were referred to a select committee.
A bill from the Senate to amend the act establishing circuit courts and abridging the jurisdiction of the district courts of Kentucky, Tennessee and Ohio, was twice read and referred to Messrs. G. W. Campbell, Jackson, and Holland.
WEDNESDAY, MARCH 9.
Mr. Newton, from the committee of Commerce and Manufactures made a report on the petition of Samuel Miller and others of the district of Maine, representing that the case comes properly within judicial cognizance, and therefore recommending that the petitioners have leave to withdraw their papers—Concurred.
Mr. Doyle, from the committee of Public Lands to whom was referred the act giving William Weld the right of pre-emption, reported the same with amendments; which was concurred in and the bill ordered to a third reading.
The House went into a committee of the whole, 55 to 55, Mr. STOKER in the chair, on the bill concerning Courts Martial and Courts of Enquiry.
Mr. J. Montgomery said, that to meet the objections offered by gentleman to the bill on yesterday he had prepared amendments which he hoped would remove every objection. He then proposed an amendment restricting the power of a military court to call witnesses to the distance of 100 miles from the place where it shall be held, thus engrafting on these courts the principle of civil courts of the U. S.—Agreed to without a division.
Mr. Livermore had no objection to give military courts the power to compel testimony if it were so secured as not to be injurious to the citizen. He thought it should never be done but for a specified crime coming within the articles of war. Why compel a citizen 100 miles from his home if no end was to be answered by it. These charges should be supported by affidavit as cases submitted to a grand jury; when that was the case, witnesses might attend. To meet his own idea on this subject he moved the following proviso.
Provided always, That no summons shall issue unless some specific charge shall be made in writing supported by affidavit, of an offence, of which if the person accused should be afterwards convicted on trial before a court martial, such person would be liable to punishment, pain or penalty by virtue of the act entitled "an act for establishing rules and articles for the government of the armies of the U. S." made and passed the 10th day of April 1806, and of which the trial and punishment is not barred by the 88th article of said act, or of any offence committed in the navy of the U. S. cognizable by a court martial."

Mr. Bacon objected to this amendment as going totally to exclude courts of enquiry from the operation of the bill. If they were considered as any thing, he could not see why they should not have the same power to issue compulsory process as courts martial. This amendment was drafted in such a manner as completely and exactly to exclude the court of enquiry now pending from exercising the general power delegated by the bill; whether this was the gentleman's intention or not he could not pretend to say.
Mr. Livermore explained his intention to be that citizens should not attend courts in cases where their evidence could be of no avail, or in cases of crimes which the court could not punish, as in the case of those specified in the 88th article of the rules & regulations for the government of the army.
Mr. Vannum (Speaker) presumed his colleague was not aware of the construction which might be given to his amendment; for it would totally exclude all military offences of which a soldier could be charged. The 88th article barred after a term of two years all offences against the United States; and the construction of the amendment which ostensibly went to require specification, would exclude from the court the power of collecting testimony on offences barred by that act, to wit: on all offences established by the articles of war.
Mr. Livermore replied that his intention was merely to specify the offence on which a citizen could be called upon to give testimony before a military court. Mr. L. made some further observations in support of his amendment, remarking that if an officer did not choose to take advantage of the limitation in the 88th article to screen himself from responsibility, he should not conceive himself bound then to afford him the means of defence.
Mr. Taylor observed that the 88th article had no relation to courts of enquiry. It was the business of these courts to say whether an offence or conduct charged on any soldier came within the meaning of the articles of war. Courts of enquiry might be held on any matter and their report would decide whether or not affairs submitted to them were barred by the 88th article, or whether they came within the cognizance of a court martial. With regard to the particular case so often alluded to Mr. T. did not believe it would be included by this amendment, though he believed it totally unnecessary.
Mr. Fisk observed that the House had been often told of the necessity of enquiry into a particular case, in relation to crimes not of modern but of ancient date. In the case of general Wilkinson, that officer had been accused of crimes of 13 years standing; the House had asked the institution of an enquiry into his conduct; the President informed them that he had already done it; the character of this person hung on this enquiry. Now in order to show whether these charges were true or false it had become necessary that persons in civil life should be summoned to give testimony. For the purpose of justice it had become necessary to put it in the power of each party to obtain means of crimination or defence; and now gentlemen came forward and wished to limit the enquiry to transactions of two years standing.
Mr. Rowan in some observations in reply to the gentleman last up, observed that Gen. W. had the means of meeting the charges. Joseph Hamilton Davies, a gentleman in the western country, second to few in talents and reputation, had long since made these charges, pledged himself to the nation to prove them, and challenged Wilkinson to prosecute him for making them. Was not here a fair object for prosecution, a man of reputation, talents and fortune? Gen. W. having it in his power to meet these charges there was no necessity for legislating on this subject in delicacy to him. But if they did pass such a law as this to clothe the military with the rights of civil life, they should do it guardedly. He was certainly opposed to the principle, but if it must pass he would endeavour to make it as unobjectionable as he could. For this reason he was in favor of the proviso.
Mr. Taylor said, if some time ago there had been as little anxiety for the development of the charges against the person whose case had been so often cited as there appeared to be now, this bill would not have found its way into the House. But the national feelings had been excited, said he, and the only question now is, whether we will leave the development of these things to the district court of Kentucky, or have it made
before a court which you command, whose proceedings must be reported to the Executive of the union, and for the decision given on them, he will be held responsible to the nation. Gentlemen have said that this court of enquiry is a thing which is to be conducted in secret. Do we forget the court of enquiry lately held at Norfolk, the evidence and proceedings before which are among the printed documents in the House. From these notice the mode of proceeding in a court of enquiry; and even if they be ever so corrupt, still the nation has a fair chance of knowing the whole truth. This mode is not in secret; nor is the citizen or soldier carried into a dark hole to have his testimony contorted or twisted. It is taken down in writing, and then read over to him for correction. Is there any very great possibility that men of the same respectability as those men alluded to as witnesses in this particular case, would suffer their testimony to be so taken as to convey a different meaning from that which they intended? The nation has a strong call upon us to give to that court of enquiry power to collect all testimony. As I have said before I have not taken sides in this business: I want the whole truth in a constitutional way. Whether the offence charged shall have been committed ten years ago or not, when the whole testimony is brought before the Executive, he will possess not only the opinion of the court of enquiry with their statement, but also the written result of the examination of every witness. He will then be held responsible for continuance of this officer in command. For this reason I desire to know the whole truth; and for another reason. Because the court of enquiry although asked for by this House, had been previously instituted at the desire of the individual. If Gen. W. were that cunning and intriguing character he has been represented to be, he would wish to go before that tribunal which does not possess the power to collect testimony, believing the court of enquiry to be that tribunal. It is to give fair play to both sides of the question that I think this bill ought to pass, and that the provision to defeat its operation should be rejected.
[Remainder of the discussion on Mr. Livermore's proposition in our next.]
Mr. Livermore's amendment was negatived, Ayes 22.
Mr. Bacon proposed a new section providing that depositions should be taken in all cases where the witness resides at a greater distance than 100 miles.
Mr. Durrell opposed the amendment, observing that every amendment rendered the bill more iniquitous, without insuring its object. He declared the whole bill to be so heterodox, preposterous and variant that he could make nothing of it.
Mr. Bacon said it was intended to secure the liberties of the citizen, and to meet the suggestions of gentlemen opposed to the bill.
The amendment was agreed to without division.
The committee then rose and reported the bill with amendments.
Mr. Livermore renewed the motion which he had made in the committee of the whole.
Mr. Taylor having called for the Yeas and Nays on it, it was negatived by Yeas and Nays, 89 to 22.
Mr. Durrell moved that the bill lie on the table.—Negatived.
The bill was then ordered to a third reading, Ayes 67.
To morrow being mentioned as the day on which it should be read the third time.
Mr. D. R. Williams hoped Friday would be the day on which it should be read, that time might be allowed for printing it. It had been avowed by the characteristic honesty of the gentleman from Pennsylvania that this bill was calculated for the particular case of Gen. Wilkinson.
Mr. Smith interrupted the gentleman to observe that he had not said that Gen. Wilkinson was the principal object; he had said that case had given rise to the bill. It was a bill of a general nature, but would comprehend the particular case which had given rise to it.
Mr. D. R. Williams said he would not suppose otherwise than that he had misunderstood the gentleman. Be the object what it might, he hoped a little time would be afforded to those opposed to the bill to digest their thoughts on it.
It was accordingly made the order of the day for Friday next.
Mr. Nelson said, by looking over the acts of Congress, it would be found that an act was passed on the 10th of April, 1806, to provide for persons disabled by known wounds during the revolutionary war. One of the sections of that act requires that every claimant should give satisfactory rea-
son why he did not apply for the provision before, and also that he should make affidavit that he had not received a pension from any state. In his opinion this provision operated very unjustly and harshly upon many. A number of persons who had fought the battles of the nation were now in a state of dependance and want; and although some of them received a small pittance as a gratuity from the states, he thought they should not thereby be prevented from coming forward and receiving justice from the U. S. He thought the law should be amended, and for that reason proposed the following:
Resolved , That a committee be appointed to enquire into the propriety of repealing so much of the second section of the above act as requires that the claimant shall make affidavit that he is not on the pension list of any state; and that they have leave to report by bill or otherwise.
Mr. Randolph rose to second the motion of the gentleman from Maryland. It was in the recollection of that gentleman and of many others what extreme disgust—he hoped to be pardoned for the harshness of the expression—the provision which the gentleman now wished to strike out from the statute book to which it was a disgrace, had given when that law passed, and what strong endeavors had been made by several gentlemen, and particularly by a respectable member from the state of North Carolina to have it amended. He was happy to find the subject now proposed for their consideration.
The resolution was agreed to without a division, and Messrs. Nelson, Randolph, and Livermore appointed a committee accordingly.
Mr. Dawson, moved for the order of the day on the bill authorising the President to raise an additional number of troops.
Before the question could be taken on considering this subject, on motion of Mr. Gardner the House adjourned, Ayes 67.
THURSDAY, MARCH 10. Much business was done this day, none of an urgent public nature.
A bill was received from the Senate for raising an additional number of troops, which was referred to a select committee.
[Detail of this day's proceedings in our next.]
By the PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES.
WHEREAS by the act, entitled "An act making provision for the disposal of the public Lands situated between the United States Military Tract, and the Connecticut Reserve, and for other purposes," it was enacted, that for the disposal of the lands of the United States lying on the Ohio river, between the Cincinnati and Vincennes district, a Land Office should be established at Jeffersonville. And it was further enacted, that the lands aforesaid, with the exception of certain tracts, therein excepted, be offered for sale to the highest bidder at the place aforesaid, on such day or days, as shall be appointed by a public Proclamation of the President of the United States, be designated for that purpose, in tracts of the same size, & on the same terms & conditions as are provided for the lands North of the river Ohio, and above the mouth of Kentucky river.
Wherefore I, Thomas Jefferson, President of the United States, in conformity with the provisions of the act before recited, Do hereby declare and make known, that sales shall be held at Jeffersonville in the Indiana Territory for the disposal of the above mentioned lands, to commence on the second Monday of April, one thousand eight hundred and eight, and continue for and during the six following weeks.
Given under my hand the nineteenth day of November one thousand eight hundred and seven. (Signed) TH: JEFFERSON. December 25—wAp
WAS committed to the jail of Cecil county, on the 2d inst. on suspicion of being a runaway, a Negro Man, who calls himself PHILIP, about 26 years of age, 5 feet 6 or 7 inches high, a very dark complexion; he had on when he was committed, a woolen hat, linsy-woolsey jacket and trowsers. He says he was sold by John Tyler, near Frederick Town, to Mr. Crown. The owner of said Negro is requested to come forward within 60 days and pay all legal costs and charges, otherwise he will be sold out to the highest bidder. JO. BAXTER, Sheriff of Cecil county. Elkton, January 20—w9t
NOTICE.
ALL persons having claims against the estate of Samuel D. Beck, Jr. (Prince Georges county) deceased, are hereby warned to exhibit the same with the vouchers thereof to the subscriber, on or before the 8th day of June next, they may otherwise be excluded from all benefit of said estate. Given under my hand this 8th day of March 1808.
ANDREW HAMILTON, Adm. of S. D. Beck, Jr. March 9—w8t
WASHINGTON CITY.
FRIDAY, MARCH 11.
Letters received from Chillicothe, dated Feb. 27th. state that the republican members of the legislature of Ohio had agreed to support Messrs. Massie, M'Ewen and Ward, electors of President and Vice President, who, it is well understood, will vote for Messrs. Madison and Clinton.
Above five thousand shares in the Union Manufacturing Company of Maryland were subscribed for at Baltimore on Monday, in consequence of which the Company is about to be organised. We congratulate the nation on the success of this important step towards the encouragement of Domestic Manufactures.
On Monday the 7th instant the Board of Directors of the Office of Discount and Deposit in this city assembled at the office, for the purpose of electing a President for the ensuing year, when John P. Van Ness, esq. was re-elected.
The Senate of the U. States yesterday confirmed the nomination of ROBERT WILLIAMS, as Governor of the Mississippi Territory for three years from the 4th of the present month.
DIED—In this city on Monday morning about half past five o'clock, after an illness of nine days, Mrs. CATHERINE SANFORD, aged 66 years. For many years a much respected inhabitant of Alexandria. In the various relations in which she was called to act in society she justly acquired the love and esteem of all who knew her. Many who travel the round of time drop into the grave and are forgotten. But it is not so with her. Her afflicted children, her mourning relatives, her weeping friends, whilst they bow with humble submission to the Divine Will, will long deplore the bereavement they have sustained in her death. A friend who was for several years a witness of her course, who knew and prized her virtues, offers this humble tribute to her memory.
From the Philadelphia Gazette of March 8.
Arrived this morning, the brig Amazon, capt. Eells, 47 days from Falmouth in ballast to A. Byerly. Capt. Eells has politely favored us with a set of the London Traveller, to the 18th of January, and Lloyd's Lists to the same date, from which we have at present only time to extract a few leading articles. Capt. E. informs, that the British cruisers continued to carry in all American vessels bound to the continent; among the number was the Montezuma of this port, bound to Amsterdam, sent into Guernsey. The spring vessels in England, bound for America, would all sail without freights. They had not heard of the embargo, though it will be perceived by an article below, that a non-intercourse act was confidently expected to proceed from this country, in retaliation of the British decrees.
LONDON, JANUARY 12.
The prevailing opinion among the American merchants is, that the government of the U. States, as soon as the orders in council reach that country, will prohibit all intercourse with England. The American minister, it is said, does not hesitate to give it as his opinion, that a war between the two countries cannot be avoided, if these are not revoked. Now as we have the official authority of one of his majesty's ministers, the chancellor of the exchequer, that all the provisions of these orders will be strictly and literally enforced, we must lay our account to a rupture with America. We have as yet no intelligence from that country of the actual receipt of the orders in council.
In the course of the last interview which the American merchants had with lord Bathurst, one of the deputation took occasion to express a hope that the mission of Mr. Rose would tend to remove the differences subsisting between the two countries, and to produce some modification of the orders of council. But in this hope the noble lord did not allow the deputation long to remain; for he immediately observed, that Mr. Rose's mission related solely to the case of the Chesapeake, and that he had no authority to make any proposition, or to enter into any discussion with regard to the orders of council.
FOR CHARLESTON.
THE fast sailing Schooner, CITIZEN, Capt. Sturges; expected to sail in 10 days. For Freight or Passage apply to the Captain on board, at the Navy Yard wharf, or to PULLER COCKE. March 11—4t
UNION LIGHT INFANTRY.
THE Company will meet at the Treasury on Saturday next at 4 o'clock P. M. with arms but without uniform. The roll will be called agreeably to the By. Laws, and all absentees reported to the Committee of Enquiry, who will in future, rightly enforce the articles of the association. It is hoped that punctilious attendance will be given at the meeting, as the regulations of the Association will be then under consideration for amendment.
By order, JOHN SMITH, 1st. Ser. U. L. I. March 11—1t
LIKENESSES PAINTED IN OIL COLORS. AT the Building formerly occupied by Mr. Stewart, Pennsylvania avenue, by C. BOYLE, Who will remain in this city but a few weeks. Washington, March 11—tf
District of Columbia, Washington county, to wit:
IN the case of JOSEPH RICKS an insolvent debtor, confined in the prison of Washington county aforesaid for debt, which he is unable to pay. Notice is hereby given to the creditors of the said Joseph Ricks, that on Monday the 14th inst. at the hour of 10 o'clock, A. M. at the Capitol in the court room the oath prescribed by the act of Congress, entitled "An act for the relief of insolvent debtors within the district of Columbia," will be administered to the said Joseph Ricks and a trustee appointed, unless sufficient cause be then and there shown to the contrary. Ordered that this notice be published in the National Intelligencer twice prior to said day.
By order of the hon. Wm. Cranch, chief judge of the circuit court of the district of Columbia.
WM. BRENT, CL. March 11—2t
STOLEN, ON Monday night last, a SORREL MARE; her two forefeet white nearly to the knees, a large blaze in her forehead, and a brand on her left shoulder nearly in the form of a horse shoe, one hind knee rather larger than the other. Any person who delivers the above described mare to the subscriber shall receive a reward of TEN dollars, and TWENTY dollars if the thief is delivered with the mare.
ADAM POWELL, one mile from the Capitol on the Bladensburg road. March 11—3t
THE COMMISSIONER'S APPOINTED under the act of the Congress of the United States, "Authorising the erection of a BRIDGE over the river POTOMAC, within the District of Columbia" to receive subscriptions for erecting the same, her by give notice that the Books of Subscription, will be opened at Steele's Hotel in the city of Washington, on the 1st Monday in April next, between the hours of 12 at noon, and 3 P. M.
ROBERT BRENT, DANIEL CARROLL, of Dundington, THOMAS MUNROE, JAMES D. BARRY, FREDERICK MAY, SAMUEL H. SMITH, JONAH THOMPSON, JONATHAN WIFT, THOMAS VOWELL, CUTHBERT POWELL, ELISHA JANNEY, CHARLES ALEXANDER.
The act of Congress authorises the Subscription of Two Thousand Shares, and requires the payment of Ten dollars on each share at the time of subscription. The residue to be paid in instalments of Ten dollars at such times as the company shall fix.
Form of Power required from those who make use of an agent.
I empower _____ to subscribe for me, in my name, for _____ shares of Potomac Bridge stock, under the "Act authorising the erection of a bridge over the river Potomac, within the district of Columbia."
February 19—
FOR SALE.
THE Two story Brick HOUSE, situated on square number 930 in the city of Washington now occupied by Mr. Tuns Craven, as a retail store. The eligibility of this stand for the retail business is excelled by none in this city; being situated on the principal street to the Navy Yard, and very near the Navy Yard Gate. Any person desirous of purchasing the above property may be seen by it by applying to the subscriber, who will also make known the terms of sale.
WM. BRENT. Washington city, Dec. 18—wtf
THIS is to give Notice, that the Subscriber hath obtained from the Orphans Court of Prince Georges county, in the state of Maryland, letters of administration on the estate of Charles Hodges, late of said county, deceased. All those having claims against the said estate are hereby warned to exhibit them on or before 14th August next, with the vouchers thereof, to the subscriber, in Upper Marlborough, otherwise they may by law be excluded from all benefit of said estate. All those who are indebted to the said estate are hereby notified that suits will be instituted without respect to persons, if immediate payments are not made. ALEXANDER H. BOTETER, Adm. February 22—w6t

BY AUTHORITY.
AN ACT
Making appropriations for the support of the Military establishment of the United States, for the year one thousand eight hundred and eight.
BE it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America, in Congress assembled, That for defraying the expense of the military establishment of the United States, for the year one thousand eight hundred and eight, for the Indian Department, and for the expense of fortifications, arsenals, magazines and armories, the following sums be, and the same hereby are respectively appropriated, that is to say:
For the pay of the army of the United States, three hundred and two thousand nine hundred and fifty two dollars:
For forage, four thousand six hundred and eight dollars:
For the subsistence of the army and corps of engineers, two hundred and forty-two thousand five hundred and forty-eight dollars and thirty-five cents:
For clothing, eighty-five thousand dollars:
For bounties and premiums, fifteen thousand dollars:
For the medical and hospital departments, fifteen thousand dollars:
For camp equipage, fuel, tools and transportation, ninety thousand dollars:
For fortifications, arsenals, magazines and armories, two hundred and eighteen thousand six hundred and forty-two dollars and five cents:
For purchasing maps, plans, books and instruments, fifteen hundred dollars:
For contingencies, eighteen thousand dollars:
For ordnance, forty-five thousand dollars:
For tents, twenty thousand dollars:
For extra transportation of military stores, twenty-five thousand dollars:
For the Indian Department, one hundred and forty thousand and six hundred dollars.
Sec. 2. And be it further enacted, That the several sums herein specifically appropriated shall be paid out of any monies in the treasury not otherwise appropriated.
J. B. VARNUM, Speaker of the House of Representatives.
GEO: CLINTON, Vice-President of the United States, & President of the Senate.
March 3, 1808.
APPROVED, TH: JEFFERSON.
AN ACT
To allow the importation of old Copper, Saltpeter, and Sulphur free of Duty.
BE it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America, in Congress assembled, That from and after the thirty-first day of March next, no duty shall be demanded or collected on the importation of old copper, which term shall apply only to such copper manufactures as have been worn out or otherwise so damaged as to be unfit for any other purpose than that of supplying a raw material, to be manufactured anew. And it shall be lawful for the collector of the port or district in which such old copper shall arrive, should any doubt arise whether such importation comes within the intent and meaning of this act, to appoint one person, and the owner, importer or consignee, to appoint another, who shall ascertain whether the copper imported comes under the denomination of old copper, as above described; and the proceedings in this instance shall be conducted in the like manner as form as the proceedings are directed to be had by the fifty-second section of the act passed the second of March, one thousand seven hundred and ninety-nine, regulating the collections of duties on imports and tonnage, in cases of incomplete entry, or of damage sustained by goods, wares and merchandise during the voyage.
Sec. 2. And be it further enacted, That from and after the said thirty-first day of March next, no duty shall be demanded or collected on the importation of Salt peter or Sulphur.
J. B. VARNUM, Speaker of the House of Representatives.
GEO: CLINTON, Vice-President of the United States, and President of the Senate.
March 4, 1808.
APPROVED, TH: JEFFERSON.
RESOLUTION
To authorize the disposition of certain charts of the coast of North-Carolina.
RESOLVED by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America, in Congress assembled, That the Secretary of the
Treasury be, and he is hereby directed to cause to be sold, as many of the charts of the coast of North-Carolina, published in conformity to the resolution which passed the second of March, one thousand eight hundred and seven, as shall remain on hand, after reserving the number requisite for the use of the government of the United States.
J. B. VARNUM, Speaker of the House of Representatives.
GEO: CLINTON, Vice President of the United States and President of the Senate.
MARCH 4, 1808.
APPROVED, TH: JEFFERSON.
STOP THIEF!
ONE HUNDRED DOLLARS REWARD. Deserted the service of the subscriber a person who called himself WILLIAM RANDLE, but whose proper name I have since been informed is WILLIAM RIDDLE, who was intrusted with the sum of about eight hundred and seven dollars, to pay in the city of Philadelphia, to the agents of the subscriber. The said William Riddle is a stout portly person, about five feet 10 or 11 inches high, dark complexion, heavy eye brows, large black eyes, a down look, speaks slow, a lisp in his pronunciation, a surly look, dark hair cut short, last fall he had a sore thumb on his left hand, the scar of which may yet be seen lengthways of the thumb. He took with him, one pair of ash colored half worn patent cord pantaloon, one waistcoat, yellow ground, with spots in the form of a leaf, one dark blue new coatee, the lining of the sleeves of white dowlas, gilt buttons, one new yellow ground fancy vest with pearl buttons, flannel lining, single breasted, one new fashion castor hat, some new cambric muslin shirts, one flag handkerchief with his name marked with white silk, one pair of common worsted whitish stockings, one new pair of woollen mittens spotted red and light blue, one pair of new Suwarrow boots. When he left my service on the 23d Feb. in Philadelphia he bought himself for 90 dollars, a chestnut sorrel horse about eight years old, 15 and an half hands high, bob tail, a small star on his forehead, his off fore hoof white, and a little shorter than the other occasioned by his being corked, hind legs white about half way up to his hocks, and bone-spavin in them both, carries very well both head and tail, and very natural to his canters, new saddle and bridle. Said William Riddle said that he had been born and raised in Sussex county, about twelve miles from Easton in Northampton, and is supposed to be about twenty-seven or thirty years of age—also, on my credit, 26 yards of Irish linen, at 6s a yard, 12 pair of men's stockings of an inferior quality 6 pair of cotton do, at 6s a pair, 12 pair of suspenders. He wore, himself, a pair of leather suspenders with four separate springs in front price marked on 4s. or 4s. 6d. He also had a new suit of cloaths made for him in Philadelphia. Also had with him a pair of saddle bags, black thin leather. Whoever secures the said William Riddle, so that he may be brought to justice, shall receive the above reward and all reasonable expenses.
NICHOLAS NELIGH. Allen's township, Northampton county, March 9—6t.
FOUND, On Saturday last, a Lady's gold EAR RING, strung with Coral, about a mile and a half beyond FOXALL'S WORKS. The owner is desired to apply for it at the office of the National Intelligencer. March 9—
NOTICE. The Purchasers of property at the sales of the late Mr. Richard Cramphin's effects, are hereby notified that the creditors of the deceased are becoming urgent and pressing for a settlement of their claims, and that it is the wish of the subscriber to make a dividend amongst them as early as possible after the collection of his estates, they are therefore respectfully informed, that the subscriber for the convenience of collection, will attend at William Ross's tavern in Bladensburg on the 10th & 11th days of March next, (at which time their bonds will become due) and when it is hoped they will be all punctually taken up. THOMAS BOWIE, Adm'r. of Richard Cramphin. March 9—2t
AGREAT BARGAIN.
JOSEPH WHEATON Broker and Commission Merchant, has put into his hands for sale, at his office in F street near the Bank, a valuable property in the city of Washington, consisting of 646,453 square feet of city LOTS advantageously situated on the most prominent and valuable streets, and near the Navy Yard and Bridge, and to be had on the most reasonable terms of payment. This great bargain is recommended to gentlemen desirous of securing an early fortune, in this truly growing and flourishing city; the permanent residence and seat of the government of the United States. Other city property to be had—HOUSES and LOTS—Enquire as above. All kinds of Stocks bought and sold. Wanted to Purchase a few MILITARY LAND WARRANTS. Washington city, Dec. 11—tf
LINDSAY'S HOTEL.
The Subscriber has taken that well calculated house on the Capitol Hill. Late occupied by Mr. Frost formerly by Mr. Stelle—Where he intends to open a Tavern on the 24th October. Those gentlemen who may favor him with their Custom may rely on every attention in the Power of the Public's devoted Servant.
GEO. W. LINDSAY. N.B.—EIGHT or TEN BOARDERS may be conveniently accommodated. October 19—tf.
CHARLES H. VARDEA, MERCHANT TAYLOR.
RESPECTFULLY informs the gentlemen of the district of Columbia and public in general, that he has just received by a late arrival from Philadelphia,
A CHOICE ASSORTMENT Of superfine Cloths, Cassimirs, single and double milled, superfine Coating, black silk Florentines. Likewise an elegant assortment of Spaniards and rich silk Moleskins for waistcoats with a variety of other articles suitable for the season.
Regimentals and Navy Uniforms made in the most elegant and uniform style of fashion.
Richard Horwell's celebrated patent parallel SUSPENDERS far superior to any hitherto in use can be had on the same terms retail, as at his manufactory. November 27—tf
TWO ELEGANT FORTEPIANOES.
THE subscriber has just received two instruments made by Broadwood, of the first quality, and probably superior to any in this place. He has also all kinds of DRY & WET GOODS, among the latter peach brandy 6 years old fourth proof, and best kind of HAMS—also, he offers a pair of PISTOLS, in mahogany case, said to shoot between two and three hundred yards, with a musket handle, original cost 100 dollars.
F. A. WAGLER, At his New Store, near the Centre Market.
N. B. Instruments tuned on the shortest notice. December 25—tf.
BURAS AND BEALL.
WOOLLEN drapers, men's mercers, and tailors, New Jersey Avenue, opposite the Secretary of the Navy's, respectfully inform the public that they have commenced business in the above line, where they will endeavor to give satisfaction—they have on hand a fresh supply of the most fashionable goods, suitable for the approaching season, all fresh and of the very best quality.
N. B. Regimentals and naval uniforms made in the most elegant and fashionable stile with neatness and dispatch. October 23—tf.
ROSS AND GETTY,
HAVE for sale at their store George Town, the following articles just received from Philadelphia, by the schooner Carolina, capt. HAND, jun. viz. 30 kegs butter, 20 barrels, New Town, Pippin Apples, 10 do. buck wheat flour, 10 do. Cranberries, and 10 do shell bark hickory nuts. Also a small assortment of very elegant Looking Glasses, Waiters, Trays, polished steel Shovel and Tongs, with cut and brass heads, &c. &c. January 9—tf
BANK OF COLUMBIA,
25th February, 1808. In conformity to the charter of this institution an Election will be held at Summer's Tavern, in George Town, on Monday 21st March next, for twelve Directors, to serve for one year from that day. B. order of the President & Directors. WM. WHANN, Cash'r. ent 21st Mar.
FOR SALE.
By virtue of a decree of the Chancery of Maryland, the subscriber as trustee for the sale of the real estate of Gustavus Scott, deceased, will sell at public sale at Van Wyck and Dorsey's Auction Room, in the city of Baltimore on Friday the 18th day of March next, at 12 o'clock, the following Tracts of improved LAND, lying in Allegany county to wit:
acres. Governor's Neglect, containing 1031 421 Robey's D'light, 684 Bome's Attention, 461 Chesnut Grove, 600 Now or Never, 1554 Hard Struggle, 50 Lot No. 2487, 15.484 Western Connection, The lands above-mentioned are well watered and timbered, the soil good, and well calculated for grazing and will be divided so as to suit those who wish to purchase. A further description of the property will be given to any person wishing to purchase on application to the subscriber. The terms of sale are, that the purchaser or purchasers of the whole or any part of the above lands shall give bond with security to be approved of by the trustee for paying the purchase money within 12 months from the day of sale. ROGER PERRY. The creditors of Gustavus Scott, deceased, who have not yet exhibited their claims, are hereby notified to bring the same into the Chancery Court with the vouchers thereof within six months from the day of sale aforesaid. R. PERRY. Cumberland, February 26—3w
UNION MANUFACTURING COMPANY OF MARYLAND.
THE Books for receiving Subscriptions to the Union Manufacturing Company of Maryland, will be opened on Monday the 7th March next, and will remain open for that purpose for two days, in different parts of that state as designated by the articles of association of the company—the capital stock of the company, is to consist of one million of dollars, in twenty thousand shares of Fifty Dollars each; two dollars and fifty cents where 1, to be paid at the time of subscribing.
The Commissioners appointed for the town of Baltimore, have lodged a Subscription PAPER at the Bank of Columbia, and another at the Office of Discount and Deposit, in the city of Washington, which will be opened on the days above mentioned, between the hours of Ten and Three to receive any subscription which may offer not exceeding Five Hundred shares at each place. A pamphlet containing the Report of the Committee, and the Articles of Association may in the mean time be seen at either Bank. February 26—L.Mh
PUBLIC SALE.
By virtue of a decree of the honorable the circuit court of the district of Columbia, sitting as a court of chancery for the county of Washington, in the suit of John Roberts and Samuel G. Griffith complainants.
Against Benjamin Bryan Defendant.
WILL be sold at public auction to the highest bidder, on Tuesday the 29th day of March next, at St. Luke's Hotel, in the city of Washington, at the hour of 12 o'clock, M. a lot of ground in said city, in that square designated on the plan of said city by square north of square numbered seven hundred and forty-three, the said lot being bounded as follows to wit: Beginning at a point in the line of the west side of New Jersey Avenue, at the distance of one hundred and fifty one feet ten inches from the stone planted at the north east corner of said square, and running thence with the line of the said Avenue twenty-five feet, thence leaving the said Avenue, and with a line at right angles with the line thereof running one hundred feet, then turning in a direction parallel to the line of the said Avenue, and running thence twenty five feet, thence an hundred feet to the point of beginning, containing about two thousand five hundred square feet of ground, together with the improvements thereon erected, and all the advantages thereunto belonging or appertaining. This property is eligibly situated between the Capital hill and sugar house, and may be inspected at any time prior to the day of sale. The terms of sale are cash or money to be paid immediately on the ratification thereof by the court. JOHN G. McDONALD, Trustee. 26th February, 1808—ep4w
PRIVATE SALE.
THE Subscriber offers at private sale, a valuable LOT in Georgetown, adjoining High street, (No. 1,) joining the Old Town. There are on the lot, a good Frame House well calculated for a store, or any public business; also, two Warehouses back of the store, both of which are frame and weather-boarded, and in good repair. The one part is now occupied by Mr. Casper Jackson, as a store, and the other part by Mr. John Lutz, as a saddler's shop. A further description is deemed unnecessary, as any person inclining to purchase, will first view the lot and buildings. Terms will be made known on application to Mr. Seth Clarke, Fredericktown, Mr. John Lutz, on the premises, or to the subscribers, ADAM LINK, GEORGE LINK, Shepherd's Town, Virginia. N. B. If the above property is not sold before the 15th of March next, it will on that day be exposed to public sale on the premises. March 2—
PUBLIC SALE.
By virtue of a decree of the honorable the High Court of Chancery of Maryland, the subscriber as trustee for the sale of the real estate of Gustavus Scott, deceased, will sell at public sale at Van Wyck and Dorsey's Auction Room, in the city of Baltimore on Friday the 18th day of March next, at 12 o'clock, the following Tracts of improved LAND, lying in Allegany county to wit:
acres. Governor's Neglect, containing 1031 421 Robey's D'light, 684 Bome's Attention, 461 Chesnut Grove, 600 Now or Never, 1554 Hard Struggle, 50 Lot No. 2487, 15.484 Western Connection, The lands above-mentioned are well watered and timbered, the soil good, and well calculated for grazing and will be divided so as to suit those who wish to purchase. A further description of the property will be given to any person wishing to purchase on application to the subscriber. The terms of sale are, that the purchaser or purchasers of the whole or any part of the above lands shall give bond with security to be approved of by the trustee for paying the purchase money within 12 months from the day of sale. ROGER PERRY. The creditors of Gustavus Scott, deceased, who have not yet exhibited their claims, are hereby notified to bring the same into the Chancery Court with the vouchers thereof within six months from the day of sale aforesaid. R. PERRY. Cumberland, February 26—3w
UNION MANUFACTURING COMPANY OF MARYLAND.
THE Books for receiving Subscriptions to the Union Manufacturing Company of Maryland, will be opened on Monday the 7th March next, and will remain open for that purpose for two days, in different parts of that state as designated by the articles of association of the company—the capital stock of the company, is to consist of one million of dollars, in twenty thousand shares of Fifty Dollars each; two dollars and fifty cents where 1, to be paid at the time of subscribing.
The Commissioners appointed for the town of Baltimore, have lodged a Subscription PAPER at the Bank of Columbia, and another at the Office of Discount and Deposit, in the city of Washington, which will be opened on the days above mentioned, between the hours of Ten and Three to receive any subscription which may offer not exceeding Five Hundred shares at each place. A pamphlet containing the Report of the Committee, and the Articles of Association may in the mean time be seen at either Bank. February 26—L.Mh
A BRICK HOUSE AND LOT FOR SALE.
ON Monday the 8th day of February next, if fair, if not the next fair day, will be exposed to public sale on the premises at 4 o'clock in the evening, part of Lot No. 6, in square No. 141, in this city, fronting 16 feet 9 inches on North G street, and running back 133 feet, with the improvements thereon, consisting of a convenient two story Brick House and enclosure. The Lot was leased to the former tenant for a term of 99 years at the rent of 35 dollars per annum, and the benefit of a covenant to purchase the fee simple thereof.
On default of payment of three years rent, the subscriber has been put in possession of the premises, according to the law in such cases provided; for which, and accruing expenses, it will be sold, subject to the conditions of the former lease, and a new lease executed to the purchaser on complying with the terms of sale. Being in the vicinity of the public offices, and in a thick settled neighborhood, it would be an eligible situation for a gentleman doing business in either of the departments. The premises may be viewed and the papers seen by applying to Thomas Herty, prior to the day of sale. JOSEPH NOURSE. Terms of sale, a negotiable note with an approved endorser, payable 60 days after date. The Sale of the above Property is postponed until Monday the 14th day of March next, when it will be offered for sale at the hour and place above-mentioned. February 17—tdos
TUNIS GRAVEN
HAS removed his entire stock of DRY GOODS from Alexandria to Washington, and is now opening, at his new Store, between the Marine Garrison and Navy Yard Gate, an assortment equal to any in the District; among which are,
 Wood's best London cloths,  Do. double milled & plain cassimires,  Bennett's cords and velvets,  Constitution Gerrow, hunting, Trifalgar, and silver cords,  Velvets,  Imperial, Brunswick waistcoating,  Silk moleskins do.  Toilnets, swansdown do.  Plain and figured Marseilles do.  Bearskin coatings,  Plains, kerseys, halfthicks,  Rose and duffel blankets, flannels,  Superfine green cloth table covers,  Calicoes, colored cambrics,  Gingham, silk and cotton chambrays,  Furniture Chintz,  Cambric and jaconet muslins,  India and British book do.  India mullmull figured and plain,  Plain and figured lenos,  Laced cambrics,  Elegant tamboured mulls,  Grecian robes and Pelisse dresses,  8 4damask and raw silk shawls,  Damask scarfs,  Camel's hair and swansdown do.  Down scarfs,  Long and short lace sleeves, spider & nett sleeves,  Extra long and habit kid gloves,  Do. do. silk do.  Do. do. raw silk do.  Cross-barred and plain Mantuas and lutestrings,  Persians and Medes,  Thread and cotton laces,  Lace caps and handkerchiefs,  Beck muslin and leno cap patterns,  4 4 7 8 Irish linens,  Long lawns, linen cambrics,  Irish diapers, table-cloths, napkins,  Cotton counterpanes,  Cambric Dimities,  Cannon do.  Furniture do.  Ladies' and gentlemen's silk, thread, cotton, worsted, lamb's wool & Angola hose,  Gentlemen's pantaloons do.  Silk cords and buttons,  Ribbons, floss threads,  Scarf and other colored bombazets,  Hearth rugs, Russia sheeting, ticklingburg,  Osnaburgs, bastas, gurrahs, &c. &c. ALSO,  Imperial and young hyson tea of a superior quality in small boxes, to suit families, or by the pound—Also genuine Havana segars. 
T. C. is determined to sell on the lowest terms. February 3—tf
FOR SALE,
To any gentleman from the Southward, Two likely young NEGRO I-Flows, and a Boy, about twelve years old.—Enquire of the Editor of the National Intelligencer. March 4—7t
THE COLUMBIAD,
BY JOEL BARLOW. THE Lovers of the FINE ARTS need only see it, and they will universally pronounce it the most splendid Work ever published in America. The Engraving of the PLATES alone, cost upwards of 4,000 dollars. A few copies of the above work are received, & for Sale at J. MARCH'S Book-store, Georgetown. February 12—1av1m
FRUIT GARDEN SEEDS, &c.
THE Subscriber having recently received a supply of European Garden Seeds, &c. which added to the various sorts saved by him the last summer, makes his assortment extensive and which he for sale at his Nursery Garden, Eastern Branch and at Dr. Ott's Medicine Store, Georgetown. THEO: HOLT Washington city, Jan. 11—taw