The national intelligencer and Washington advertiser. (Washington City [D.C.]), 1805-11-13 00:00:00

NATIONAL INTELLIGENCER, AND WASHINGTON ADVERTISER.
VOL. VI.
WASHINGTON CITY, PRINTED BY SAMUEL HARRISON SMITH, PENNSYLVANIA AVENUE.
No. DCCXCV.
FIVE DOLLARS PER ANNUM.
WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 13, 1805.
PAID IN ADVANCE.
FROM THE AURORA
THE SOVEREIGNTY OF THE SEAS.
No. III.
Unquestionably whatever may be the issue of the present war in Europe, the right of any one power to maintain an absolute and capricious sovereignty over the high seas will be no longer suffered than those who are oppressed can acquire time to provide means of rescue and redress; and should the time be protracted and the means difficult to be attained, the grievance must be at one period or another a temptation to, and a justification of a severe retribution. The cunty of the world is dearly purchased by the precarious advantages procured at the expence of so many sacrifices.
In the chronological order which we have pursued in tracing the contests for supremacy on the ocean, the next naval contest which we find is between the combined fleets of France, Spain and Genoa, against the English. The former were commanded by the viscount Narbonne—the English by the duke of Bedford, in which the latter with 300 sail obtained a victory. The number of the adverse fleet we do not find. In the next year, 1417, the English obtained another victory at the entrance of the Seine.
Charles VII. of France, in 1457, attempted to avenge the invasion of France, by fitting out two fleets at Harfleur and Eure; with one of which he ravaged the coast of Cornwall, with the other landed a force in Sandwich bay, gave the town up for pillage, and brought off several large vessels of war and merchantmen with great booty.
To the end of the civil war of the two Roses, the English disappeared as a naval power; and the union of the Hanse towns appeared the most formidable on the ocean. Henry VII. of England, by prohibiting the exportation of wool , laid the foundation of the commercial distinction which England subsequently arrived at, under extraordinary vicissitudes.
The wool that had been produced in England was usually exported to Flanders to be manufactured; the prohibition induced the artisans to follow the materials, and the towns of Norwich, Colchester, Melsdon and Sandwich, that had fallen to ruin under the sword of rapine and revengeful retaliation, were soon peopled with Flemish manufacturers, whose ingenuity has become the inheritance of the several generations since. How much more entitled to the name of great was the author of such prosperity, than those whose title is derived from the profusion of human murder and misery.
A tyrant, indisposed to such benignant measures, succeeded—“a furious despot, a cruel master, a treacherously ally, a faithless friend, a brutal lover, a barbarous husband, an unnatural father, an odious and cruel persecutor,” in a word, Henry VIII. He dissipated the wealth and crippled the already growing industry of that country. Extravagance, arising out of his baleful passions, reduced him to the necessity of making war. But his naval experiments proved abortive, and he was forced to resort to the Hanse towns for ships to act against France. The valor of the commanders who met near Brest was signal, and merits notice on that account, as well as for the unusual size to which the ships had then arrived.
The British were commanded by sir E. Howard, & reinforced by ad. Knevet, Premauguet, a Breton, commanded the French force. Knevet, with his division of 80 vessels, was attacked by the Breton, whose squadron consisted of 20 ships only, and he sunk several of the English vessels. Two vessels in Knevet's squadron were of 1000 tons burden, the Regent and Sovereign. The French commander carried his flag on the Cordeliere of 1,200 tons. Knevet with several other of his ships, attacked the French admiral on different quarters, & taking advantage of the wind, laid his ship up along side the French commander, and from his tops threw lighted combustibles into her. The gallant Premauguet, finding that his leeward position exposed him to the flames, by a rapid evolution, disengaged himself, & at the same time took such a position as laid him up in turn to windward of his English adversary. Both ships were in a few moments in flames, 2000 men were the victims of this desperate contest.—The English claimed the victory. The French claimed success, as the battle frustrated the meditated conquest of Guyenne by the English.
In 1513, another renowned French commander appeared to contest the dominion of the sea with the English, Pregent knight of Malta; he with the remains of the former fleet and a small reinforcement, faced the English consisting of 42 sail, and sunk one of them; after which he anchored in the road of Conquette about 12 miles west of Brest, where the English Howard determined to attack him. This officer had been accustomed to say that a seaman was good for nothing who was not brave to madness. He selected two galleys, of
one he took the command, the other he entrusted to lord Ferrers; and Sidney had orders to support him with two light barks. With this force Howard boarded the ship of Pregent. Howard and 17 of his men gained the forecastle, when the English vessel, loosed by the French or by accident, swung off, and the rash but intrepid Howard, with his companions, were precipitated into the sea. This disaster and want of provisions induced the retreat of the English to their own ports.
Pregent lost no time, he followed with his squadron, from which he was separated, and landing a force on the coast of Sussex, plundered the country and retired without interruption with his booty to Brest. In the following year he landed in England again, and burnt the town of Brightelmstone, where he terminated his career, which had been terrific to England. Various inferior actions followed. But towards the close of Henry's reign, having taken Bologne, Francis I. resolved to besiege it, and to blockade it by sea. A fleet composed of 50 large and 50 light vessels with 25 galleys, were employed for this purpose, sailing from Havre towards the Isle of Wight, they discovered the English fleet of 60 sail of large vessels at anchor. D'Annebault determined to attack them, and though he lost two of his best ships, he persisted in attacking the English in three squadrons, the first of which he commanded himself, the second by Bourliers the third by Courton. A calm enabled the French galleys to fire on the British in such a manner as to endanger the admiral's ship called the Great Harry, and to sink the Maria Rose with a crew of 500 men 35 of whom only were saved. The English were about running their fleet ashore when a breeze sprung up they slipped their cables and in their turn attacked the French galleys; but one of the French divisions coming up, was followed by their admiral. The English left them masters of the scene; they endeavored off Dover to renew the action, being reinforced; but after a slight cannonade the weather separated them, and D'Annebault retired to Havre.
The brief views of naval rivalry and combat which we have given, shew that the disputes for sovereignty on the ocean originated in the savage jealousy and ambition in ages anterior to refinement, the discovery of the art of printing, when the genius of letters had retired beneath the military barbarism and the barbarous servitude of the feudal system. It was in the age to which we have brought down these views, about the middle of the 16th century, that is to say in the reign of the French Louis XI. that the sides of vessels were first pierced so as to admit of firing cannon from between decks, upon the adversary. Naval tactics at this age were very simple, and as the intelligent Mr. Clerk, in his treatise on naval tactics, judiciously observes, were confined to a few manoeuvres. Gaining the wind was considered then as the grand object of skill, next to which was a knowledge of the tide and currents, by which a commander was able to calculate upon the time and effect of the movements of his own and those of the adverse fleet. Breaking the line however, and doubling upon the enemy was soon after introduced, though the ingenious Mr. Clerk attributes this manoeuvre in the first instance to Rodney.
The first ships that had port holes were one of those mentioned before, the Cordeliere, and another called the Charente. The Cannon of ships of war before, had been placed on the main deck, forecastle, or stern as occasion required. The guns too were seldom of the same calibre on board the same ship, and their management was tedious, difficult and encumbered even with danger to those who used them, as was exemplified in the last action fought during the reign of Henry VIII. of England. The vessels of both squadrons appear to have been pierced, but they did not during the whole action discharge more than 300 shots between them, tho' the action is described by the historians of the day “as very warm, and so close that it was with difficulty they could discharge their artillery,” and the effects of which led to a peace and the surrender of Bologna by Henry to Francis I. Opinions on subjects of this kind are best formed by contrast. In the late action of Calder and Villeneuve, one ship discharged 600 shots; and in a late petty naval combat of gun-boats on the coast of France, one boat with only two guns, discharged 435 shot! such has been the progress of improvement in the art of human destruction.
The short reign of Edward VI. was favorable to commerce, and though the sovereignty of the seas was not asserted, plans were undertaken which greatly tended to establish resources for maintaining and asserting it in a subsequent age. The fisheries were encouraged; a trade to the African coast was commenced, and Cabot by his expeditions on the coast of America, opened the grand naval nursery for seamen on the banks of Newfoundland. The marriage of Mary with Philip II. of Spain, was in the first consequences highly favorable to the maritime interests of England. The wealthy colonies of Mexico and Peru
were opened to their enterprizes, and tended perhaps, like the riches introduced after the conquests of Asia into Rome, to create an appetite for riches and a taste for luxury among the powerful and opulent of England. Mary, who appears to have inherited the sanguinary and remorseless character of her father, was equally governed by the hateful passions of the age. Philip, luxurious and ambitious, lent an ear to her prejudices, and she fitted out a fleet of 140 sail of light vessels, under the lord Clinton to invade France. The English were joined by 30 sail of Dutch ships of a size so large “that they seemed like castles in comparison with those of the English.” The Dutch were then the subjects of the Spanish monarch. With this fleet Clinton landed 11,000 men on the French coast and took the town of Conques, with a view to the capture of Brest. The assemblage of a French army and the collection of all the private ships of Bretagne, Normandy, and Picardy, co-operating by sea, forced the English to an ignominious retreat; the English fleet put to sea, while the Dutch under the gallant Vachem covered their retreat, but fell a victim to his intrepid valor. The French collected a numerous fleet in the straits of Dover in 1558, and spread terror through the Channel, which produced the surrender of Calais; the effect of which has been considered as the cause of Mary's death, as it is stated that during her illness she frequently said, “when they open my heart they will find Calais in it.”
The accession of Elizabeth opened a new era in the naval annals of England, of which we shall treat in a future number.
No. IV.
Though we have principally confined our views of this subject to the history of the nations which are now engaged in a contest for the balance of power or the sovereignty of the sea; it is not to be inferred that they alone aspired to this supremacy. The Hanse towns, the Dutch, Portuguese, Spaniards, the Genoese and the Venetians have at different periods set up the bold pretension. The crusades originally undertaken through the delusions of a fanatic spirit, combined with a romantic enthusiasm, produced revolutions in the condition and power of various nations and in the manners of Europe, which had not before prevailed. The Genoese and Venetians had, with Pisa and other cities in Italy, by the Levant and the trade of the Indies, through that channel engrossed the maritime wealth and power of the Mediterranean. In the crusades their vessels were freighted with armies which the phrenzy of ambition and false zeal had destined to assert the rights of a benignant religion, by the destruction of millions of men innocently barbarous. The wealth acquired by these mercantile cities, and the taste for eastern luxury, brought back by those who had survived the fury of war, gave a new character to manners, a new influence to wealth, and opened new paths for ambition.
The fleet of the Venetians under the doge Vitale Micheli, in 1095, consisted of 200 sail of armed ships and galleys, the whole of which were engaged in what was impiously called the Holy War. This doge was a distinguished seaman. One of his descendants, Dominic Micheli, at the solicitation of the Pope, with 200 sail attacked 700 sail of those called infidels, captured and destroyed the greater number of them, and after relieving Joppa seized upon the city of Tyre, and bestowed it on the patriarchs of Jerusalem. So great was the power of this mercantile people, that in the career of their power and ambition, they possessed themselves of great part of Italy, Istria, Dalmatia, the islands of Candia, Cyprus, Scio, Rhodes, Samos, Mytelene, Andros, Corfu, and the groupe called in modern times the Republic of seven isles; defeated their rivals, the Genoese, near Negroponte, in 1203, assuming to themselves the sovereignty of the sea, and in 1267 enacted that all merchant ships passing between the Gulph of Fano and the Po, should pay toll to Venice.
The Bolognese had the temerity to dispute the tribute and were subdued, and Genoa and Pisa were necessitated to court the alliance of this republic, and concluded a league offensive and defensive with her. It merits observation that, however repugnant to the more correct sentiments of moral justice, now universally admitted (however little practised) the predatory warfare and ambition of the Venetians were, their conduct was governed by the spirit of the age; and that this valour and success over the monarchs and their rivals preceded the establishment of the oligarchy, and that their achievements were cotemporaneous with the participation of power by the people in the choice of their governors. Nor should it be forgotten that these wars which were so pernicious to her population and her prosperity, prepared the way for the destruction of their liberty, the growth of tyranny, their subsequent humiliation and final extinction as a nation.
Venice was founded in the year 421, as a protection for the commerce of Pisa; and was governed by tribunes for
238 years; in 769, they first chose a Doge by the suffrages of the people, in 1289, the doge Peter Grandemiga, taking advantage of the depravity produced by luxury, conquest, and naval subordination, by specious and delusive means effected the establishment of an oligarchy, still preserving the name without the shadow of the form or the character of a republic. The arrogant pride of wedding the Adriatic, was instituted about this time, and belongs to this subject of discussion. This arose from the power the Roman pontiff then assumed over the world; the doge Ziani having triumphed over Barbarossa in a naval contest, the pontiff invested the doges of Venice with the privilege of wedding the ocean, which was performed annually by throwing a gold ring into the sea, and pronouncing the words. Deshonamus a te, mare, in signum veri et perpetui Domnii.
After the loss of their liberties which their tameness or their torpor suffered to be torn from them without even a murmur, the ambition of their chiefs the oligarchs, involved them in civil wars between the excluded aristocracy and those who had monopolised the whole authority to the exclusion of the people. To divert the people from their domestic tyrants they were respectively involved in wars by land with the powers of Italy; and their conspiracies at home brought more than one doge to the scaffold. The contest, for maritime sovereignty continued between them and the Genoese, and ended in the enslavement and ultimate ruin of both powers. In their wars actions the most brilliant were performed, but in 1365, such a combination was formed in Europe as threatened Venice with destruction; the king of Hungary, the duke of Austria, the patriarch of Aquilia, and the republic of Genoa attacked them by sea, and land; but the Venetians triumphed over a naval armament near Tenedos, restored Constantinople to the Greeks; the Genoese in the open sea were defeated. The Venetians were however reduced to ask for favor from the celebrated Genoese chief Peter Doria, who refused to grant any but on a surrender at discretion, which so enraged the Venetians that they renewed the war with success.
Venice was through the ambitious views of her oligarchs engaged in various wars with the surrounding princes, until Constantinople being taken by the Turks, the pope invoked the christian powers, particularly the Venetians to embark in a new combination and drive the Turks out of Christendom. The Venetians lent a willing ear, concluded a peace with the Italian princes, and favored an assemblage of ambassadors from all the powers of Europe, under the patronage of the emperor Frederick. But the Turks knowing the maritime power of the Venetians, concluded a private negotiation with Venice, by which the latter received large tributes, commercial privileges, and territorial possessions, particularly in the Morea, across which the Venetians had run a wall of about six miles length to separate their possessions; this wall the Turks broke down a few years after, and drove the Venetians out of Negroponte, but the war continued seventeen years.
The Venetians were engaged in continental war, promoted by the ambition of their governors down to the year 1509, when the celebrated league of Cambray threatened their total destruction. The pope, emperor, kings of Spain and France, with the dukes of Ferrara and Mantua, jealous of their power and ambition, conspired to dispossess them of the terra firma, or their territory on the main land of Italy. This war lasted eight years. The Venetians deprived of all their territory but a few towns on the main land, had recourse to their naval force, and to secret negotiation, by a successful use of which and great resolution combined with skill, they protracted their existence and concluded a peace at Brussels, astonishing all Europe by their fortitude, constancy, and extrication from the combined force of the principal powers of Europe.
They engaged in two subsequent wars with the Turks for the sovereignty of the Mediterranean, and in a third alliance with the pope & king of Spain, off Lepanto, Venerio the doge of the Venetians gained a signal victory over the Turkish fleet. A new war commenced upon the capture of Candia, by the Turks, which lasted 25 years in which it was computed they spent one hundred and fifty millions of gold ducats and 100,000 lives!
The history of the naval eminence of Genoa is scarcely separable from that of its rival Venice. And its decline is to be attributed to the same causes which are various; the ambition of their leaders, their rivalry with Venice, their opulence from commerce producing an inequality of conditions, the change of their government, the success of the Portuguese in transferring the trade of Asia from the old channel of the Levant to the port of Lisbon; the discovery of America, by which the general principles and modes of commerce were again changed and new arranged, the rise of the Hanse towns which absorbed
the carrying trade for all Europe, and superceded the Mediterranean powers; to which Holland afterwards succeeded; and which England engrossed in the beginning of the last century.
The impression made by a recapitulation of these struggles for maritime sovereignty, is reduced to the simple element of ambition and an inordinate desire for an exclusive monopoly of power. We see it asserted in dark times by every considerable maritime nation, and upon pretences no better sustained by one than by the other. We shall go into the continuation of the naval rivalry of France, England, Spain and Holland in succeeding numbers.
No. V.
WE return to the naval rivalry of England and France, which, after the death of queen Mary, found in her successor an ardent advocate for the despotism of the ocean, but who soon found in Spain and Holland two powers rising into consequence from the opposite effects of colonial wealth and commercial enterprise, and who were at no remote day to dispute with England for the sovereignty of the seas.
The success of the Portuguese and Spaniards in the new world, and by a southward passage of the Equinoctial, were calculated to excite emulation and enterprise in a nation such as England whose insular situation and early intimacy with the hazards of a boisterous sea, fitted her people for great marine enterprise. Private interest was soon combined with the love of fame. Cavendish by the sale of his personal estate, fitted out and accomplished two expeditions, one beyond the Cape of Good Hope, and the other round Cape Horn: Raleigh equally intrepid but less economical or provident, undertook several expeditions, which though they proved disastrous to him, were glorious and fruitful to his country.—Drake carried the English name round the globe; to his expeditions the contribution from the funds of the state were very small; and it appears that one expedition under the Earl of Essex who commanded the land forces, and Lord Effingham high admiral, when the English attacked Cadiz, was principally sustained by private contribution. In the reign of Elizabeth the creation of a substantial navy was commenced, arsenals constructed, magazines provided, and stores collected; which obtained for her the flattering appellation of rasterer of the maritime glory of England and queen of the northern seas.
Elizabeth had imbibed all the animosity of national jealousy and religious bigotry, which she appears to have exercised with as little regard to humanity or morality as her predecessor or as her infamous father. The reformation productive of so many blessings to the christian world at the present day, was infinitely more productive of human desolation and wretchedness in its rise and progress than any event which has succeeded it. The animosity of religious sects afforded opportunities for the ambitious which aggravated the misfortunes and the snare of Europe. The reformers were persecuted in the native country of the reformation, and princes and kings enlisted with one or the other sect, as either became powerful or instrumental to their ambition. Elizabeth fitted out a formidable fleet, secretly, which she destined to aid the French reformists in Rochelle, who had resisted the government in defence of religious liberty; while her governors in Ireland were carrying on a war of extermination against the unfortunate natives for their devotion to the country and religion of their fathers. The force sent against Rochelle was composed of about 60 sail, under Montgomery. But the project failed, and Elizabeth was forced to disavow any concern in it, without obtaining belief tho' she called the commander and his people pirates.
In the same spirit Elizabeth sent aid secretly to the revolted colonies of Spain in the Netherlands, which, combined with the piratical and unprovoked depredations of Drake in South America, without any declaration of war and, in the hatreds of the haughty, irritable and ambitious Philip II. of Spain, the foundation of several memorable maritime expeditions and conflicts. The coasts of Italy, Portugal and Spain had been since the occupation of Constantinople by the Turks, infested by piratical squadrons, of Turkish and Barbary corsairs. The triumph of the combined fleets of Spain and the Venetians at Lepanto, had released the Spanish monarchy from this annoyance. Portugal had been incorporated with Spain and their military force was allowed to be the best in Europe. Thus disembarrassed and not disposed to favor Elizabeth or the superiority of England, much less to submit to the injury he sustained by the underhand success which Elizabeth lent to the people of the low countries, Philip determined to strike a signal blow at the greatness of both; and concluding that a single battle at sea and another at land would decide their fate, he commenced the preparations for that expedition which is so exultingly distinguished in the English annals by the name of the Spanish Armada.
Spain, Castile, Portugal, and Andalusia vied with each other in furnishing

vessels for the grand enterprise, and it was noted with astonishment, that Gal- lions were built of an enormous size of 1200 tons; a size very uncommon in the present day for vessels intended for mercantile purposes alone. Eight of these ships mounted 50 bronze guns each five others of another construction car- ried the same number of ordinary guns; 20 caravels composed a light squadron, and the whole formed a fleet of 150 sail, which was in the foolishness of worldly ambition denominated the "invincible armament." The troops which em- barked amounted to 21,955, exclusive of officers and 225 volunteers of Castilian blood, besides 1000 marines.
The marquis of Santa Cruz who had signified himself at Lepanto was first appointed to the command; his death transferred the command to the marquis Medina Sidonia a man more distinguished by the delusive pre-eminence of birth than experience of naval talents. The commander of the land forces was more meritorious, but his talents had been displayed in a different theatre, it was the celebrated Alexander Farnese, duke of Parma. The troops were to embark at Newport in the Low Countries.
The English nation had been warned by the French court, but disbelieved that this preparation was intended a- gainst England. But as soon as the di- rection of the armada was ascertained, the most active preparations were com- menced, and an enthusiasm was raised, by the animating passions of national pride, and religious zeal. A fleet was fitted out with the utmost dispatch, the grand fleet consisting of 43 sail, the whole tonnage of which amounted to 5870 tons. The largest vessel was of 1,100 tons, and carried 40 guns—contri- bution of London, consisted of 38 vessels, one of which, the Hercules, was of 300 tons. The several divisions of this ar- mament were commanded by seamen of renown, Drake, Hawkins, and Frobisher; and the whole, under the command of Howard of Effingham, and their prin- cipal station was Plymouth. Another light squadron of 40 English and Flem- ish vessels, was stationed under Sey- mour off Dunkirk; to intercept the duke of Parma and his army. The Dutch, who had at this period, shaken off the authority of Spain, fitted out a fleet of 50 sail, to cruise between the Scheldt and Calais, apprehensive that the enterprising spirit of that general would be directed against them. The want of seamen, perhaps the number on board the Dutch fleet occasioned that want, prevented the duke from sailing to sea, meanwhile, John de Nassau, admiral of Zealand, blockaded the Scheldt, and admiral Lenox, joined Seymour, with 25 sail, off Dover.
The expedition sailed from Lisbon, the first of June, 1588, and had scarce reached Cape Finisterre, when it was assailed by a violent storm, and dispersed, many of the vessels lost. The main fleet however, reached the English channel the 15th of July, and the next day were attacked by Howard. The gall-on which contained the Spanish treasure, fell into the hands of Drake. Three several actions took place with various effects, before the Armada reached the Straights between Dover and Calais, where the Spanish command- er proposed anchoring, to cover the embarkation of the duke of Parma.
The English in the night contrived to introduce among the Spanish fleet a number of fire-ships, which were used with all the effect intended. The Spa- niards were thrown into consternation, and their vessels were left without or- der or system exposed to the flames, to a violent wind, and to the assaults of the British squadrons, who were now joined by those of Seymour and Lenox.
The Spanish admiral endeavored to effect a retreat with as many of his ships as circumstances would admit, and took the course of the North Sea and the Orkneys, where he found himself at the head of 120 sail large and small; here he was assailed by a tempest of three days continuance, in which many of his vessels were driven upon the coast of Norway and Scotland. He proceed- ed by the coast of Ireland and was over- taken by a tempest there, in which 27 more of his vessels were lost, and where the unhappy Spaniards were by the or- ders of Elizabeth's viceroy, barbarously massacred. Out of the whole fleet 64 only returned to the ports of Spain, and two of the largest of these took fire in port and burnt to the water's edge.
The whole of the seamen of England at this period did not exceed 14,000 men, and in this conflict, where fortune appeared to spare the Spaniards with regret; the English lost but a single vessel. Elizabeth ordered a medal to be struck, on which ships appear driven by each other, with the motto "fluctuat Dum et Lidoquatur," which has been translated, "he blows and they are scattered." Philip is represented as sustaining his defeat with an equan- imity apparently absent from his ge- neral character; he observed—"I sent the fleet to fight the English, and not the winds and the waves."
We have been more diffused in the ac- count of this event than in others, be- cause it marks an era in the annals of naval warfare, and occasioned so much interest to be taken in naval affairs, as to give a string to that darling enter- prise, which soon after enabled England to appear with greater confidence and force on the ocean—several squadrons were sent out to harass the Spaniards and spread terror on the coasts of Spain. Drake and Norris were joined by a Dutch fleet, the whole amounting to 80 sail; they burnt Vigo, the lower town of Coruna, and the suburbs of Lisbon; the wealth of the Indies tempted new expeditions thither; and the most dar- ing enterprises as well as the most cruel conflicts took place on the sea and shores of South America. Of the enthusiastic valor of that day we may form some o-
pinion from a single anecdote. The English vice admiral Grenville, with only his one ship, met 44 sail of Spanish with 10,000 troops on board, off the coast of Florida. He engaged them a- bout 3 in the afternoon, and continued to fight till break of day, on the ensuing morning, though attacked successively by fresh ships, and repulsed them in their attempt to board 15 successive times. His whole force was 143 men, of these 40 were killed, all the rest wounded; himself mortally; his masts were cut away by the board and nothing left but the hull; and even the surgeon while dressing him was killed by his side. Some writers say that his wound was not so mortal as the feelings of his high spirit, at being obliged to strike his flag.
The depredations of privateers caused Philip to issue orders for the destruc- tion of all English vessels and proper- ty in Spain, as had been done by Spanish property and ships in En- gland in the year 1572. Rymer, t. XV. p. 715.
(To be Continued.)
PUBLIC SALE. Pursuant to a decree of the Court of Chancery, I will sell at public sale on Saturday the 30 inst. the following valuable property in the city of Washington.
Altha Lot of ground being part of square No. 74, adjoining the six buildings upon which several frame buildings are erected, one of which is large and well calculated for an extensive wet or dry good store, and the others with a small expense may be made to suit a family. This valuable property has a front of 86 feet on Pennsylva- nia avenue, and 140 feet front on 24th street.
Also, Lots numbered 3, 4, 5, and 6 in square No. 23 the three first having a front of 28 feet 7 inches each, and the last 91 feet 1 inch, on Pennsylvania avenue; each lot is improved by a two story brick building intended for back buildings, but which may at an incon- siderable expense be rendered comfortable dwellings. A more particular description of these lots will be given on the day of sale, or at any time before, on application to me. Terms of sale to be for ready money, or money to be paid immediately upon the rat- ification of the sale by the Court of Chancery for the district of Columbia. The sale to commence at half after 10 o'clock A. M. on the premises. JOSEPH FORREST, Trustee. November 8—14d
100 Dollars Reward.
RAN AWAY from the subscriber on the night of the 21 inst. two negro fellows Ger- ard and Peter—Gerard is about 22 years of age, 5 feet 10 inches high, complexion not very dark, has very thick lips, stoops in his walk, is remarkably knock-kneed, and his ankles are very large, and have the appearance of being much swollen—he is by trade a blacksmith, and extremely awkward at any other work.
Peter is about the same age, about 6 feet high, complexion rather light, long wool, walks very erect, is a very plausible fellow, and will no doubt endeavor to pass himself as a free man. The clothes they wore and car- ried off are not known, but it is supposed they will appear better dressed than negroes com- monly do, as they left all their common cloaths at home.
If found out of the state, the above reward will be given, if found in the state 40 dollars. and if in the county 20 or one half for either. WILLIAM ALEXANDER. Prince William county, Vir. Nov. 6—tf
ELIS A RIGGS,
Has imported by the ships Wm. Murdoch and Enterprise from London, and the United States New York, and Alcoa from Liverpool. Eighty-nine PACKAGES of Seasonable Goods, which he bought of the manufacturers principally for cash, will be sold much lower by the piece or retail, than any not imported direct to this place, for cash or in exchange for tobacco.
Among them are, 9 Bales superfine, and second clothes and coatings. 29 do plains kerseys, cottons and blankets, 8 do flannels, carpets and hockings, 10 trunks, closets, calicoes and hosiery, 5 do. cambric muffs and umbrellas, 4 cases London hats, 3 do. India waverbury bonnets, 1 trunk lace shades, black laces and veils, 1 case damask and diaper table cloths and ricking, 6 cases knives and forks, buttons, fiddlery, seine twine &c. 3 cases shirring cambrics, dimities and cotton counterpane.
Also,
Silk hosiery, Chambray muffs, Irish linens, Cloves, hats, hats trimmings, Silk shawls, furniture trimmings, and many other articles George Town, Oct 30—twtf
Twenty Dollars Reward.
AARON, a mulatto man about 43 years old, left the city of Washington early in October, and was seen on the road leading from Alexandria to Leesburg in company with a black woman, who I am informed is the property of some person in the vicinity of this place—He is about 5 feet 10 inches high, has flat hair, very bald on one side of his brow (I think it is the left) near his eye there is an indented scar occasioned by a stroke he received, which fractured the bone in that place, and whatever he has in his power never fails to drink to excess It is probab- le that he has gone to Jefferson or Berkley county in Virginia, where he formerly resided, and from thence will endeavor to go to Kentucky. The above reward will be paid to any person who will give him committed to jail, and give information thereof to the subscriber in George Town, district of Columbia. EDWARD GANTT. Nov. 11—tf
FOR THE NATIONAL INTELLIGENCER.
The aspect of our foreign relations must be deeply interesting to every man possessed of the genuine feelings of an American. If the representations of the public prints be just; if Spain has rejected the just demands of our govern- ment, and has deliberately and inten- tionally authorised the wrongs inflicted upon our trade by her ships of war; and if England contemplates the en- forcement of unauthorised and unprece- dented restrictions on our neutral rights, it does appear to me that our spirit as an independent nation requires an ex- ertion of that energy which shall teach the governments of Europe, that though we are slow to anger, we know how on proper occasions to assert our honor and maintain our interests. Thank heaven our rights are as clear as day light; our views pure and honorable. We feel enmity to no nation on earth. It is our wish to be on terms of friend- ship with all; and it is their fault if we are not.
Should, therefore, the effects of the injustice of other nations be war, the causes of a beneficent Providence will light on their heads. The whole world knows that the American nation wishes to remain in peace, and that her rulers are animated by the same spirit.
It is this conviction, perhaps, that em- boldens their injustice, and induces them to indulge the hope of trampling upon our rights with impunity. But these are visionary hopes. Let these nations learn that there is no nation so invulnerable as the United States; that if her means of offence are not so po- tent as those of some other powers, her means of defence are beyond all compa- rison greater.
It is, however, to be hoped that these powers will perceive their true inter- ests, that they will make us the repara- tion we have a right to demand, and withhold all further invasion of our neutral rights. But as it is possible they may not, it is a dictate of com- mon prudence to reflect on the course, which in such event, it would become us to pursue. In forming a decision on this point we can be governed by but two motives, a regard to character, and a regard to interest. Now, it so hap- pens, that in a government constituted like that of the United States, national honor & interest are convertible terms; whatever conduces to the promotion of the one must advance the other. It is the duty of the American people to pur- sue their interests, as it is that of every other people on the face of the earth to pursue theirs. In this respect all na- tions are alike. But how widely they differ in another. It is in the power of the American people to cause their in- terests to be pursued by their govern- ments; while it is, perhaps, not going too far to say that this power does not belong to any other nation. Let it not then be inferred, because the irrespon- sible governments of the old world have invariably in the settlement of their dif- ferences resorted to one mode, that it is our duty also to resort to it. Let any man disposed to cherish this idea re- flect and ask himself, whether he can name a single nation of the old world whose interests have not been sacrificed by this course of procedure, and whether why has not been the curse of all who have used it as the instrument of ag- gression.
It does not therefore, follow that in the adjustment of our differences we ought hastily to rush to arms. War is injurious to both parties, and often most so to the just, and even victorious party. It is a dreadful engine which should ne- ver be used but in cases of the utmost extremity. To us too it would not fail to be deeply injurious by the necessary coalition of our arms with the enemies of our enemies, from whose affected friend- ship we might receive more injury than from the hostility of our avowed foes. Is there then no intermediate course between submission and war which would effectually answer our purpose, without resorting at once to the latter. If there be such, and if it can be made to appear that it would as effectually promote our interests as war, it ought to be, at least in the first instance, ap- pealed to. If required by circumstan- ces, war may at any subsequent time be resorted to.
I am one of those who hold the opi- nion that there is such an expedient, con- sisting, as occasion may require, in the imposition of extraordinary duties on the ships and productions of the offend- ing nation; or in the prohibition to ex- port to their territories, or a part there- of, our own produce; or in the prohi- bition to import or consume any of their commodities; or in a prohibition of all intercourse whatever.
Let us view the effect of these sever- al measures.
What would be the effect of laying extraordinary duties on the ships and goods of Great-Britain?
First—with respect to her ships.— Should an extraordinary tonnage duty be laid, it would operate to give a pre- ference to the vessels of other nations, and constitute a premium on our own tonnage. It is true that in the trade carried on between the U. S. and En- gland, the American greatly exceeds the British tonnage, and it might be thence inferred that should Britain countervail our duties, we would proportionably feel the inconvenience of the extraor- dinary duties. But this is far from being a sound inference. Almost all the arti- cles England obtains from us are articles of the first necessity, and which she cannot therefore possibly dispense with. Her countervailing duties on tonnage would have the effect of adding to the cost of American productions, which she as consumer would pay. Without some special regulations the interests of American shipping might be depressed. But this effect could easily be averted by
declaring that the fund arising from the extraordinary duties imposed on British ships should be applied in the shape of bounties to American vessels carrying American productions to England. Or if the occasion should require it, it might be temporarily enacted that American products should only be exported to Britain in American vessels.
But more important effects would flow from the imposition of extraordinary duties on all articles of British growth or manufacture imported into the U. States.
Our imports from that country transcend our exports to it. Our products they must have. They can- not find substitutes for them. Theirs, however promotive of our comfort, we can to a considerable degree do without altogether, or to a considerable extent obtain from other nations. Upon these articles let an additional duty of 25 per cent. be imposed, and a short time will develope its effects on the conduct of the British administration. While the du- ties on English merchandise are raised, let those on the merchandizes of friend- ly nations be correspondently lowered, so that the burthen of taxes may not be increased.
The effects of this measure would be these. We should experience some in- convenience from the augmented prices of the British productions we consumed. But this inconvenience would be balanc- ed by the reduced price of the produc- tions of other nations. This is the only evil we should have to encounter.
On the other hand,
The British manufactures would be paralysed. Our own manufactures would be effectually fostered.
Our habitual dependence on Great- Britain for her manufactures would be diminished.
We should open new channels of com- merce with other nations.
We should give a high premium to o- ther nations, whose articles would come cheaper to us.
We should create new manufactories in Europe, whose future competition with the British manufactures would en- able us to obtain goods much lower.
We should call into activity the vast resources of Louisiana in raising the or- dinary products of the West Indies.
We should make the manufacturers & merchants of England, and the planters of her islands tremble.
We should by all these means compel the British government to allow us a free trade conducted on terms of justice and reciprocity.
(To be concluded in our next.)
Five Dollars Reward.
Stolen or Strayed from the
Little FALLS of the Potomac on Saturday the 19th October, a dark bay HORSE, eight years old, 15 hands high, four built, a star in his forehead his mane cut for the collar and bridle; has a strong bulky tail the end cut off some saddle marks, branded with a horse shoe in his off buttock, not perceivable on his wet split in his near fore hoof whoever deliv- ers the aforesaid horse to Wm. McNamee at the Little Falls, or to the subscriber in George town shall have the above reward, with reasonable charges JOHN GLASCO. Nov. 2—3t
NOTICE.
THE subscriber anxious to settle with all those who have accounts standing against him unpaid, earnestly requests all persons indebted to him for Medical Services rendered previous to the 1st of Jan. 1805, immediately to pay off their respective balances, as no farther in- dulgence can be given. Those who do not comply with the above request may be assured that the most speedy and effectual mode to compel payment will be adopted without res- pect of person. EDWARD GANTT. Nov. 10—1m
Preparing for the Press
AND will be published early in the Spring, in one close printed volume, The spirit of the Public Journals; Being an impartial selection of the best ori- ginal Poetry, Essays, &c. which have appear- ed in the newspapers of the United States dur- ing the year 1805. The Editors of Newspapers who ex- change with the BALTIMORE Evening Post, are requested to give the above advertisement a few insertions in their papers. When pub- lished, a copy of the work will be sent to each office. Sept. 9—
To be Sold,
Or EXCHANGED for other property in the City, or its vicinity.
TWO valuable and contiguous TRACTS of LAND in the state of Kentucky, the one containing 6880 acres, and the other 6252 acres, by late survey. They are under old and indisputable titles of more than twenty years, and situate in a populous county, ad- joining flourishing settlements. All taxes thereon have been duly paid. Apply to the subscriber, JOHN BECKLEY. City of Washington } November 6—wif }
TO HIRE OR FOR SALE
A MIDDLE aged, strong NEGRO WO- MAN, who has been accustomed to House work Also, a NEGRO GIRL in her four- teenth year. Apply at the Office of the National Intelligencer. October 25—tf
WASHINGTON CITY.
WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 13.
The House of Delegates of Maryland have chosen Archibald Vanhorn, their Speaker.
It is expected, says the Independent Chronicle, that on the meeting of Con- gress, the important business of national commerce will be fully considered.— That measures will be adopted to give protection to our property and seamen; that the British nation will feel the weight of our trade, not only within their manufacturing towns, but the is- lands. We have a strength in this spe- cies of warfare, which would command the attention and respect of that nation. Our imports of their fantastical articles of fashion, which only serve to vitiate our habits, and introduce idleness and dissipation among our citizens, are the main springs which enable them to en- rich themselves at our cost. Let us only cease to barter our national honor for gewgaws and articles of fancy, and we might bid defiance to that power, which now wantonly sports with our sovereignty and independence. The suppression of a cargo of British manu- factures would be more powerful than 10 sail of the line, for the latter might be captured, and occasion a loss of mil- lions, but the former would enforce its operation with an efficacy too powerful to be concealed, attended with the saving of millions of dollars, which are yearly remitted for superfluities. Let us know our strength, as it relates to Britain, and we should not hesitate long in put- ting it into operation. Ships of war are the strength of Britain, but a non-inter- course would soon dismount every can- non of their navy.
New-Orleans, Sept. 21.
The following gentlemen have been du- ly elected, to represent the county of Orleans, in the legislative body.
Messrs. Mazarty, Hazeu Delarme, sen. Dominique Bouhigny, John Watkins, James Carrick, Robert Havard, Bore.
An arrival at New York brings English news to the 17th of September; the ar- ticles are not important.
Boston, Nov. 5.
The Drama, capt. Babson, arrived here, on Sunday evening last, in 43 days passage from Liverpool. The papers received by this arrival, are to the 17th Sept. which, although several days la- ter than our former dates, contain very little intelligence of any importance whatever.
The Courier of the 16th observes, "that the communications from the continent, increase in interest and im- portance; and though the Dutch and French papers, which arrived last night, do not announce the commencement of hostilities, they prove that the prepa- rations of Russia and Austria and France, are in such a state of forwardness, that the month of Sept. is not likely to elapse without an important blow being struck, both in Germany and Italy."
"The arrangements for the intended expedition are carried on with the most creditable energy, and already develope the magnitude of the force to be em- ployed on the occasion. The troops from this country as we state in our last number, are to amount to 33,000 men, and are to be joined by 11,500 from Ireland; a force competent to af- ford the most efficient assistance to our allies, either detached or in co-opera- tion with them."
Ld. Nelson sailed from Portsmouth in the Victory, on the 14th Sept. He was to be followed by the Royal Sovereign, Defiance, Thunderer, Ajax, Agamem- non and Melpomene; and his fleet in- creased to 33 sail of the line.
LONDON, Sept. 14.
A Russian messenger arrived last night with dispatches of great import- ance for the Russian minister. It is certain that the Russian troops are on their march.
SEPT. 17.
A Copenhagen article of Aug. 27, states, that a Russian fleet of 13 ships, including 4 of the line, were coming down the Baltic, supposed to be destined for the Mediterranean.
Extract from the Orleans Gazette of Wednesday Sept. 18.
"We learn from good authority, that the marquis de Casa Calvo has written a circular letter to all the Spanish offi- cers now in this territory, requiring them to repair without delay to Pensa- cola, to join their respective regiments. "We are authorised by the marquis of Casa Calvo, commissary from his Ca- tholic majesty, to contradict the sub- stance of the above article, it being ut- terly false; likewise to make public, that he has neither received nor given such orders, and that these pretended circular letters never existed."
Telegraphic.
On the use of steeping Seed Barley in a dry season, by Mr James Chapple addressed the Secretary of the Bath Society.
My great success in making the fol- lowing experiment, occasions my com-

the benefit of the public: if thought worthy a place in the third volume of the Bath Society's experimental papers.
The last spring being remarkable dry, I soaked my seed barley in the black water taken from a reservoir which constantly receives the draining of my dung heap and stables. As the light corn floated on the top I skimmed it off, and let the rest stand twenty four hours. On taking it from the water I mixed the seed grain with a sufficient quantity of sifted wood ashes to make it spread regularly, and sowed three fields with it. I began sowing the 16th and finished the 23d of April. The produce was sixty bushels per acre, of good clean barley, without any small or green corn, or weeds at harvest. No person in this country had better grain.
I sowed also several fields with the same seed dry, and without preparation; but the crop, like those of my neighbors, was poor; not more than twenty bushels per acre, and much mixed with green corn and weeds harvested. I also sowed some of the seed dry, on one ridge in each of my former fields, but the produce was very poor in comparison of the other parts of the field. I am &c.
JAMES CHAPPLE. (We consider this experiment a very interesting one, and recommend general trials to be made, both in wet and dry seasons.)
Baltimore, Nov. 11. The following gentlemen, we understand, are appointed a committee, to represent to the executive of the United States, the depredations committed on our commerce by foreign nations, &c. viz.
James Calhoun, John Hollins, David Stewart, Samuel Stewart, and Alex. M c Kim, Esqs.
The extent and increasing aggravations of these depredations, has, we are advised, drawn the attention of the government to the subject; and from the sensation produced, we have reason to believe it will be acted on with that temperate firmness and steady perseverance, that has ever distinguished the U. States, when her essential rights and interests were in jeopardy.
A very superficial view of the subject, must satisfy the mind, that the principal offenders in this business are completely in our power; and that we have a choice of remedies. If we do not choose to do ourselves justice, by any direct action on our part, they may be more severely punished by withdrawing from them that commerce and those supplies, without which they can scarcely exist.
Our widely diversified soil and climate, produces in abundance all the necessaries, and most of the luxuries of life—our citizens are artisans by nature, and capable of producing, from the variety of raw materials with which our country abounds, whatever is necessary for clothing, furniture for their houses, or implements of husbandry; and by turning our attention to those natural advantages, we should not only remedy the evils we now suffer, but would most effectually provide against their occurrence in future. These abuses and spoliations strongly urge us to a measure of this kind, but the force of habit in our citizens, is an obstacle to its adoption. They have long been accustomed to export their produce, and to derive a large proportion of their supplies from abroad. Would it not be wise then to benefit by the aid thus unintentionally afforded by our oppressors, to remove those habits that oppose themselves, to the complete independence and security of our country?
We have at hand a more prompt remedy for the present evil than this, but we are satisfied it cannot be more certain, or will it afford such extensive future benefits. The injuries are insufferable; but we feel a confidence that wise measures will be adopted to put a stop to it, and to procure redress. In the support of such measures public efforts will not be wanting.
Norfolk, November 5. Yesterday arrived in Hampton Roads, the United States frigate Congress Capt. Decatur, 40 days from Tangiers.—Mr. WINN the purser, with whom we conversed, informs, that Dr. DAVIS our Consul, with an ambassador and suit from the Bey of Tunis, are on board—that the Constellation is now under the command of Captain Stewart, and had sailed three days before the Congress for the United States—that the Essex was commanded by Captain Campbell—and that the Adams was daily expected at Gibraltar, bound home. Mr. W. says, a coppered ship from Nantz in 40 days, anchored in Hampton Roads as he was coming to town.
MONTEGO BAY, (Jam.) Sept. 21. The Jamaica Courant of Monday last, contains the following paragraph. "His majesty's schr. Netley, in 20 days from Barbadoes, with dispatches to Admiral Dacres, anchored at Port Royal on Saturday."
"We understand her dispatches mention the disastrous fate of the four line of battle ships which left Port Royal on the 26th June. They had experienced a severe hurricane, which had in some degree injured the whole of them, but particularly the Centaur, who had become very leaky, and lost her main and mizen masts, and was in danger, had the elemental conflict lasted much longer, of going to the bottom. The Atlas, one of their number, had arrived at Barbadoes, and the remaining three, the Eagle, St. George and Centaur, bore away for Halifax."
The Princes Charlotte and La Seine frigates, as also the Blanche's tender, had arrived at Barbadoes. The latter was not competent to give any relation of what had become of the Blanche, having been unable to come up with her, as they did not leave Port Royal at the same time.
"The seamen on board the shipping at the above Island, are stated to have been very unhealthy; a malignant fever had broke out on board the Atlas, which swept off 47 of her crew in the space of a fortnight."
"Previous to the departure of the Netley, a report prevailed, that one of the British Commanders had fallen in with a French squadron, and captured three of their vessels, but the packet not having arrived, and no particular information received from Europe, to give the semblance of probability to such a tale, the rumour was generally discredited."
"A slight shock of an earthquake was felt here, and in the mountains of Port Royal and St. Andrew, about half past 11 o'clock on Tuesday forenoon."
Richmond, Nov. 9. We are informed that on the evening of the 7th inst. Pulaski Skipjack , the American consul-general in France, arrived at Williamsburg.—That Mr. Skipwith left France on the 15th Sept. and on his way received letters bearing date the 20th of the same month. This is rapid sailing, and consequently brings the latest European advices.
Charleston, Oct. 31. Capt. Tiers, of the brig Rambler, anchored at quarantine yesterday from Africa, on the 16th of Oct. boarded the brig Planter, cap. Young, of Exeter, N. H. from St. Thomas, who informed, that the day previous to his sailing, a Spanish felucca had arrived there in a very short passage from Spain, bound for Porto-Rico, with dispatches. Capt. Young likewise said, that it was currently reported and believed at St. Thomas, that there was war between the U. S. and Spain; in consequence of which, the premium on insurance had taken a considerable rise. Two passengers, men of information, joined with capt. Y. in asserting the above, and said they had not a doubt of its being a fact. One of the passengers had insured highly on the above brig, as she was bound for Boston.
NOTICE. Subscribers in arrears are respectfully requested to make immediate payment, otherwise their papers will be discontinued. Nov. 6, 1805.
DANCING ASSEMBLIES. The Gentlemen of the City and George Town, who mean to subscribe to the Assemblies for the ensuing season, are requested to meet at Stelle's Hotel on Saturday evening at 6 o'clock, to make the necessary arrangements. Nov. 13.—
OPENING THE TABERN. All Persons Inhabitants of the city of Washington, or others, that wish the opening of Tyler Creek, are requested to meet at Mr. MYERS TAVERN on the Monday evening the 25th inst. at 7 o'clock, at which time a report will be made as to the depth of water that can be got and the probable expense of executing it in such a manner as will be pointed out. The object of the meeting is to consider the utility and the means best calculated to attain the object. Nov. 13, 1805.
New DRY GOOD STORE. BENJ. & HORATIO JONES, HAVE just received at their store in High Street, next door to Mr. John Cox's, a handsome assortment of Fall and Winter Goods, which being laid in on the best terms, they will dispose of them unreasonably low, for cash. Gerge Town. Nov. 13 - 3t
FOR NEW ORLEANS, The fine New Ship FAIR AMERICAN, Robert Davies master, fitted for a constant trader with the best accommodation for passengers. She will sail in all this month. For freight or passage apply to the captain on board at Cole's wharf, or WM. TAYLOR. Baltimore. Nov. 13 - 3t
STELLE'S HOTEL & CITY TAVERN. THE Subscriber takes this method of thanking his friends and the public for their favors whilst on the Capitol Square and begs leave to acquaint them that he has taken the Spacious Hotel lately erected by Mr. Carroll, near the Capitol. The hotel being above one hundred feet in front, and containing fifty rooms enables the subscriber to offer every accommodation to members of Congress and travellers which can be expected in a public house. PONTIUS D. STELLE. Washington City, March 25—tf N. B.—P. D. S. will rent the house lately occupied by him on the adjoining square.
CHEMISTRY MADE PLAIN!
PROPOSALS, FOR PUBLISHING BY SUBSCRIPTION, A NEW WORK,
ENTITLED, PLAIN DISCOURSES ON THE CHEMICAL LAWS OF MATTER, Containing a General View of the Principles and improvements of the Science of Chemistry; with a particular Detail of those Parts which are common and connected with domestic Affairs.
ADDRESSED TO THE CITIZENS OF AMERICA: BY THOMAS EWELL, M. D. OF VIRGINIA. Honorary Member of the Philadelphia Medical Society—and one of the Surgeons of the United States Navy.
To the Promoters of Useful Knowledge. I HAVE ventured to present for your patronage a new work. It is a system of chemistry divested of such technical terms as retard the study, by those persons not desirous of entering into the intricate refinements of the science; and it will convey particular descriptions of those processes that are for domestic purposes. The object of the work is to render the study of chemistry less difficult, more general and agreeable, as well as to lead to Improvements in various Arts.
Long has the greater part of mankind labored under difficulties which might have been avoided by an acquaintance with the discoveries of philosophers. During the study of most sciences, we notice improvements unknown to the majority of the people; and in no one have these become more conspicuous than in the science of chemistry. Since the wild conjectures of deluded men were banished from its annals, the study has become one of the most useful and interesting to ALL of common understanding. The science is now characterized by a simplicity, hostile only to the pride of the pedantic scholar.—Its extensive scenes are open, and with powerful attraction invite the entrance of the intelligent in the pursuit of pleasure, of information, or of most of the arts. An entrance is desired, that the wonderful beauty and wisdom displayed in the operations of nature may be contemplated with rapture, in parts neglected by the vulgar as a "drearly void."
To those in the pursuit of pleasure, the study of chemistry affords the greatest delight. The conversion of solids into volumes of vivifying airs, and of airs and other fluids into solids, are processes which although inferior to many in chemistry, give unusual satisfaction. To know the composition of the substances surrounding us with their connection and relation to each other, and to understand many of the arts of chemists, will impart to the mind an agreeable action, while they increase its capacity to make improvements. And such are the fascinating powers attached to the pursuit of this knowledge, that France is fast becoming a nation of chemists, in consequence of the general study of the science, by the ladies as well as gentlemen.
The respectable Cultivators of land will be much benefitted by an acquaintance with chemistry. It will teach them the properties of the soil they cultivate, the art of making manures, and the kinds of vegetables as well as animals best adapted for their respective farms. An idea of this may be formed from the famous fact, that by a judicious management of the grave yards at Paris, such quantities of salt-petre were procured, for the powder in factories as to enable the French government to prosecute their war!
To be able to detect the presence, and discriminate between the noxious and innocent metals, as well as to make most useful combinations of them; to ascertain the constituents of medicinal springs; to detect the adulterations of Wines and other drinks; and to correct corrupted airs, must be of consequence to most individuals.
The burning of bodies—The Arts of making Gunpowder and Saltpetres commin Salt—and all other Salts—of Tanning Leather—Of purifying and preserving animal and vegetable.
TERMS OF PUBLICATION. As soon as a sufficient number of subscribers are obtained, the work shall be put to the press. It will be comprised in about 500 pages, Octavo, and be printed on good paper with suitable type. A general Index will be annexed to the work—with proper drawings of the apparatus commonly used by chemists. The work shall be delivered in boards to Subscribers at Three Dollars per copy. Subscriptions received at this Office.
Under a well-grounded belief in the great good that would result from a more general knowledge of the science of chemistry, or laws of lifeless matter, I have issued proposals for publishing a new work on the subject for common use. Surely my fellow citizens will no longer delay giving the desired support, if they will but reflect on the intimate connexion between chemistry and most of the arts—the immediate advantages resulting to the community from a knowledge of the improvements that have already been made—and the prospect of making still greater improvements by the artists—after they are acquainted with the principles of the science. The discoveries whereby salt-petre can be made from articles usually thrown away—leather tanned in the same number of days that formerly required weeks—pot ash procured in large quantities from corn stalks—tainted meats made pure—the rancidity of butter
The great revolution in Languedoc and other old provinces, is not comparable to what might be wrought in new countries, and particularly in the United States, where nature has lavished her favors. At present we are ignorant of the value of the surface of our earth; but no doubt, when led daily to estimate it by chemistry, riches will be derived from manufacturers, created even on apparently barren fields.
Every individual learns something of the laws of matter—often, perhaps, without knowing that that is learning chemistry. Were the science studied systematically, but for a short while—much more information might be treasured up with less trouble; and the person would be more capable of making discoveries interesting to all mankind. The time will no doubt come, when the study of chemistry will be as common as that of arithmetic. I shall be exceedingly glad to be instrumental in hastening this desirable event—and shall certainly be so, if my fellow citizens will but for a moment think on the wonderful beauty and great utility of the science of chemistry.
THOS. EWELL. Georgetown, Nov. 5, 1805. ** Those Editors who have been so kind as to insert the proposals in their papers, are respectfully requested to publish the above.
THEATRE.
THIS EVENING, NOVEMBER 13.
Will be presented a favorite comedy CALLED THE CHILD OF NATURE. After which (by particular desire) will be repeated the Tale of Mystery; A MELO DRAMA.
The Melo Drama being new to the English and American Stages, it may be necessary to observe that in this species of Dramatic composition, Instrumental Music is occasionally introduced during the pause of the Dialogue, with a view of heightening the effect, and aiding the expression of those passions which occupy the scene. The present admirable piece may be considered as the first experiment to introduce a new species of Drama:—On the English Stage it has succeeded beyond calculation, and it is presented to the citizens of Columbia, under the strongest impression, that it will contribute in an eminent degree to their rational pleasures.
ADMITTANCE —Box one Dollar, Pitt three quarters of a Dollar. Tickets to be had at Mr. McLaughlin's tavern, George-Town, at the office of the Washington Federalist, at the Theatre, and at A. & G. Way's Printing-Office.
Doors to be opened at half past FIVE, and the performance to commence at half past SIX o'clock. Places for the Boxes to be taken at the Theatre, on the days of performance, from ten o'clock till one.
ELIAS B. CALDWELL, ATTORNEY AT LAW, HAS removed his Office, to the house lately occupied by Mr. LAW, on Capitol Hill. Washington, July 26—tf
FALL & WINTER GOODS.
JOHN COX HAS this day received a Large addition to his former supply of FALL and WINTER GOODS, which makes his assortment very complete. Most of his goods were bought on such terms as to enable him to offer them by piece or retail Lower than the regular importers can afford to sell at. George town, Oct. 18—NI&UGept
INDIANA TERRITORY. Auditor's Office, Vincennes? 16th Sept. 1805. Agreeable to an act of the territory for levying and collecting a tax on land I publish the following extracts from the said acts, for the information of non-residents claiming land within this territory. "BE it enacted, that if any non resident claiming lands in this territory either by entry, patent, deed of conveyance, or any other evidence of claim, if his agent or attorney shall neglect or refuse to list his or her lands with the assessor of the county, when such lands may have been entered or located, between the first day of January, and the twentieth day of February, agreeably to the requisitions of the third section hereof, then the assessor shall immediately proceed to list the lands of such non-resident that may be in his county." "Be it enacted, that the collector of each county, by the twenty fifth day of May, shall demand payment of the tax or sum assessed on each inhabitant in his county, in person or by notice in writing left at his usual place of residence." "Be it enacted, that in case of non payment of taxes at the time appointed, it shall be the duty of the collector to levy and collect the tax, so in arrear with costs by a sale at the court house of his county of the lands of such delinquent, whether resident or non-resident, giving at least forty days notice by advertisement at the county seat, and in some public newspaper in this territory, of the time and place of such sale." PETER JONES, Auditor of said territory. October 30—

SULLIVAN'S LECTURES, PROPOSALS By THOMAS B. WAIT & Co. FOR PRINTING, BY SUBSCRIPTION, AN HISTORICAL TREATISE ON THE FEUDAL LAW, AND THE CONSTITUTION AND LAWS OF ENGLAND; With a Commentary on Magna Charta , and Illustrations of many of the English Statutes. BY THE LATE FRANCIS DOUGHTY SULLIVAN, L.L.D. Royal Professor of Common Law in the University of Dublin.
To which authorities are added, and a Dictionary is prefixed, containing the Laws and Government of England. By GILBERT STUART, L.L.D.  THE Lectures of Professor Sullivan, delivered to the students in the University of Dublin, are in very high repute among all Lawyers of eminence, and have been uniformly recommended as an elementary book to those young gentlemen who begin the study of Law with a view to render themselves respectable in the profession.  However obsolete the feudal policy may now seem to be, it having gradually disappeared as mankind grew more civilized and became better acquainted with their natural and inalienable rights and privileges; yet a research into the history of the government of jurisprudence of the nations of Europe, will satisfy any one, that many consequences of that system still exist and influence the opinions and decisions of the highest and most enlightened tribunals of justice. Every author who has undertaken to give a regular and systematic account of the rise and progress of modern nations, has felt himself obliged to resort to the history of feuds and feudal rights, as the fundamental principle from which all existing civil and political institutions have taken their rise; and every jurist who has employed himself in explaining the constitution and laws of his country, has gone to the same source for the correct materials of his essays and dissertations. Robertson, in his history of the Empire of Charles V. has with great beauty and perspicuity illustrated in much of the feudal policy as was necessary to enable the scientific reader to understand that valuable book; and Mr. Blackstone has in the course of his commentaries, led the student to a contemplation of the ancient tenures, many of which depend upon the doctrine of feuds, as established in England by the Norman conqueror.  But in both those invaluable productions, the feudal policy was adverted to, only as incidental to the principal object of the authors, and therefore cannot be supposed to furnish so complete and satisfactory an account, as would be given by a distinguished lawyer as professor Sullivan who declares the great purpose of his lectures to be the full discussion of the subject, which was of necessity but partially considered by the other writers.  This work has become so scarce in this country as to be seldom seen, even on the shelves of a private library; a fact to be regretted for only by the difficulty of obtaining the book: for it cannot well be supposed that any one of the profession, who has higher views than the mere pecuniary advantages of the practice, would willingly neglect an enquiry into those ancient institutions, upon which, notwithstanding the lapse of ages, most modern improvements are founded. But it is not to the profession alone, that this book may be considered useful. In this rising empire, where political knowledge to a certain degree is required by all, and actually possessed by many; a book which so lucidly and so perspicuously brings to view the laws, institutions, manners and customs of those nations from which our English ancestors descended, must be peculiarly useful as it will enable young politicians to trace out our civil regulations to their source, and thus to account methodically and scientifically for many modern usages and practices, of which their knowledge is extremely superficial. In this book they will see how our ancestors struggled for the establishment of those privileges which artful monarchs and a proud nobility were continually attempting to destroy; and they will also learn that the persevering industry of the people, aided by the wealth which their skill and enterprise brought into the country, finally obtained a complete victory in the establishment of principles and customs, which, transferred into America by our progenitors, terminated in those glorious constitutions which distinguish the people of America, for liberty and happiness, from every other people on the earth.
CONDITIONS. The work shall be elegantly printed, in two octavo volumes, on five wove paper, with a new and beautiful type. It will be delivered to Subscribers, bound in calf at Five Dollars; and in boards at Four Dollars—To non subscribers the price will be enhanced. No money will be required till the delivery of the work.  Those who subscribe for ten sets shall have one gratis. To booksellers the usual allowance will be made. Portland, June 24—  The above work will be printed from a correct London Edition—The few copies of an Irish Edition now circulating in this country are considered by the first law character as extremely incorrect, and not to be relied on by historical authority.
ONE THOUSAND ACRES OF VALUABLE LAND. To be Sold at Public Sale on the 7th day of November next at Robb's Tavern Montgomery Court House 1000 acres of Land, part of Bradford's Rest—there is on the tract 200 acres of wood land—the rest is cleared the whole well watered, the soil naturally fertile and favorable to tobacco, wheat, and corn, and admirably adapted to the use of Plaster—a considerable portion of meadow may be easily made; it is distant four miles from the Court House of Montgomery county and about 14 from the city of Washington. It will be sold a great bargain, one fourth of the purchase money down, the residue in three equal annual installments with interest. The title is unquestionable, and a deed with general warranty will be given on payment of the purchase money. JOHN ROSSBY PLATER. October 4—twelvew
Twenty Dollars Reward. WILL be given for apprehending NIM, a small mulatto fellow, about 5 feet 4 inches and a half high, active and well made, 22 or 23 years of age, tho' perhaps of an appearance more youthful, and cunning and artful in the extreme. His features are regular, and the expression of his countenance agreeable. His thumbs are short and unusefully thick at the ends. He is an excellent coachman and bottle having done little else than attend to horses for many years. He carried with him a short blue cloth coat, corduroy pantaloons, and a drab great coat, and many other articles of clothing in a pair of black saddle bags. The above reward will be given for securing him in jail. JOHN COLES. Albemarle county, Virg. Nov 1—
KING'S HOTEL. The subscriber begs leave to inform his friends and the public generally that he has removed from the Navy Yard to the Capitol Hill, in the hotel lately occupied by Mr. A. D. Steele, where he hopes to be favoured with a part of their patronage. It being a desirable situation, and the convenience of the hotel excelled by none in the city. He therefore hopes to please those that call upon him in every instance. WILLIAM R. KING. August 30—tf.
For Sale IN the county of Prince William, Virginia, Mesbico Furnace and its appendages, with four or five thousand acres of land adjoining, near the town of Dumfries and within four or five miles of the Potomac—the soil is generally adapted to small grain and if too considerable for one purchaser, will be laid off in Lots suitable for small farms—a description of the land is thought unnecessary—as those wishing to purchase will no doubt first view it: the payments required will be one third cash, and the other two thirds in annual installments, to be secured by a mortgage on the land; and no deed given until the last payment is made; any person wishing to purchase, may know the terms by applying to Mr. Thomas T. Page, living near the premises, who is fully authorized by me to sell the whole or any part. JOHN TAYLOR. August 16—3m. N.B. A valuable mine bank in Maryland may be had with the furnace if required. J. T.
VALUABLE ESTABLISHMENT FOR SALE. THE subscriber being anxious to retire from business, offers for sale the OFFICE and ESTABLISHMENT of THE REPUBLICAN. The situation is well worthy the attention of a printer wishing to carry on the business with a certainty of gain. The present annual income of the office is between 4 and 5000 dollars; and a person of industry and perseverance might add considerably to the emoluments. In addition to this, the flourishing state of the town of Petersburg, and there being but two printing offices in the place, point out the certain prospect of a great increase of printing business, and that of the most profitable kind. The terms of sale will be so accommodating as to enable any person of prudence and economy to pay the purchase money from the profits of the office; and as the subscriber is determined to quit all business (if a sale can be effected) the price will be less than any similar establishment was ever sold for—being willing to take little more than the actual cost of the materials. It will no doubt appear surprising to many persons that any one at my time of life should wish to relinquish so advantageous a situation. To such I can only observe, that though young in years I am old in misfortune; and that they have been of such a nature as to produce a determination to spend the remainder of my days in some sequestered spot, without any wish of ever being heard of again. I have a sufficiency to enable me to do this; and there is no person now, who has any claim upon my exertions.  But notwithstanding these considerations, should a sale not take place prior to the first November next, the duty which I owe to my patrons will induce me to decline all thoughts of selling after that period. In the mean time, I shall be glad to receive the favors of my friends and the public as usual.  Further information may be had on application, either personally or by letter, (postage paid.) THOMAS FIELD. Petersburg, Va. 4th Oct. 1805.  * In the short space of one year and nine months, death has snatched from me two amiable consorts (both in the bloom of youth) and three children.
CHARLES H. VARDEN, MERCHANT TAILOR. Has received from Philadelphia a handsome assortment of FALL goods, consisting of the best London and French superfine cloths, cassimeres, patent Bennet's cord, toisonettes, fancy and white Marseilles, black and figured silk, moleskins, fancy silk, Marseilles, constitution cords, velvets, Genoa cord, silk and satin Florentines, superfine coating, knapped cloths, with a variety of other articles suitable for the winter season. M. B. Ladies habits, regimentals, and navy uniforms made in the first style of fashion. New Jersey Avenue near the Capitol, December 10—tf
PENNSYLVANIA HOUSE AND MYERS CITY TAVERN. THE Subscriber respectfully acquaints his friends and the public in general that he has removed from his old tavern stand, to the adjoining house on the Pennsylvania Avenue, lately occupied by Mrs. Wilson as a boarding-house, and Mr. Woodward's tavern, in which he is now opening a Complete Hotel. This stand is probably not excelled by any in the city, either for the accommodation of travellers, or boarders; being at a convenient and almost equal distance from the Capitol, the President's House, and Public Offices; near the Theatre, Messrs. Wey's Printing Office, and Centre Market, opposite the office of the National Intelligencer, and adjoining Mr. Duane's book store. These houses contain twenty six lodging rooms with fire places, exclusive of dining, bar, assembly, and coffee rooms, servants apartments, &c. The celebrated ridge spring is conveyed in pipes to the yard of this hotel, where it supplies the whole neighborhood with flowing, cool water, to which the general health of the part of the city has in a great measure been attributed. The finishing of the hotel now erected is considerable; more however will be completed before the meeting of Congress. SOLOMON MYER. Washington, July 12—tf Independence the 20th year—tf
I now beg leave to inform my friends with confidence, that my prices shall be as heretofore, corresponding with Pennsylvania tavern rates, and in proportion as my elbow room has increased my disposition to please shall be enlarged; I therefore respectfully hope the continuance of a share of the public patronage. SOLOMON MYER. Washington, July 12—tf Independence the 20th year—tf
1500 DOLLARS REWARD. EIGHWAY ROBBERY. YESTERDAY about 22 o'clock in the forenoon, Mr. JOHN PETER, an Officer of the BANK OF COLUMBIA, was stopped on horseback on the road between this town and Alexandria, and within about 2 miles of the latter place, by some unknown villain, shot through the body with a pistol, and robbed of a sum of money in his possession belonging to this Institution which he was taking to Alexandria, for the purpose of exchanging with the banks there.
The whole sum taken amounted Eighteen Thousand One hundred and Fourteen Dollars and Sixty five Cents, made up in several packages, among which were,
 1 post note of the Bank of Virginia, for 800  1 do. of the same, for 500  1 do. of the same, for 500  1 do. of the same, for 450  1 do. of the Bank of Potomac in favor of Joseph Biddle by him endorsed to Washington Bowie, dated 6 July, 1805 No 117 149 65 
A check of the Union Bank, on the Bank of Alexandria drawn by R. Higinbotham, cashier, in favor of Greatham and Deveraux, by them endorsed and by Benj. Stoddert, and C. Smith, cashier.
There were also a parcel of post notes of the Bank of Alexandria for 100 dollars, and for 50 dollars each. The remainder was in current notes, principally of the banks of Alexandria and Potomac, and some few of the Bank of Virginia of different sizes and denominations.
As the attack was sudden, and the wound received of a nature to deprive Mr. Peter instantly of his senses, (although it is now hoped he will recover) the description obtained may not be very accurate so far as we are informed—the man who perpetrated the act, is of middle stature, good countenance, and had a genteel appearance. He had on a dark blue or black coat, nankeen pantaloons, shoes, and a black hat, he was on foot and alone at the time, but may have had accomplices concealed, and will probably change his clothes.
FIVE HUNDRED DOLLARS will be given to any person or persons, who will detect and bring to conviction the robber: and ONE THOUSAND DOLLARS additional for the recovery of the whole or of the money, or in proportion for any smaller sum recovered—Should there be accomplices, and one of them make a discovery, so that it leads to the conviction of the robber, or to the recovery of the money he shall receive the above reward, and interest will be allowed to obtain his pardon.
WILLIAM WHANN, Cashier of the Bank of Columbia. George Town, July 31—  CITY OF WASHINGTON, Sept. 9, 1805. Several persons under the impression that the public lots in this city are to be disposed of in future by public sales only, having made enquiries when the next sale will probably take place, are requested to state that those lots may at any time be purchased at private sale of the Superintendent of the City.
NOTICE to Delinquent Subscribers to the THEATRE. ALL Subscribers to the Theatre, who have not made full payments on their shares, or contributed the materials and work promised, are hereby notified that unless the same be done on or before the first day of December next, their shares will be forfeited; after which day certificates of stock will be issued to those subscribers who have complied with the terms of subscription on application to the Directors. ROBERT BRENT, WILLIAM BRENT, SAMUEL H. SMITH, } Directors. Sept 4—tf
To be Sold, WILL be sold at public sale on the 16th day of December next, if fair, if not the next fair day, at the dwelling house of the late James Weems, of Calvert county, deceased, all the Stock, Furniture, Plate, and several valuable negroes, the property of the deceased. Cash for all sums not exceeding 20 dollars, and for all sums above that, a credit of six months will be given. Bonds with approved security will be required. NATHL. T. WEEMS, Adm'r. October 25—epw&wdf
PROPOSALS. WILLING to engage the favor and patronage of a liberal public in general, as well as to obtain the approving voice of intelligent and delegated characters in the various parts of the Union, who are about specially to convene at the National seat of Government, for the purpose of promoting extensive good and individual felicity, the subsequent proposals are, in the intermediate, respectfully submitted.  PROPOSALS FOR PRINTING A PHILOSOPHIC WORK, Entitled THE NATURE & STATE OF MAN AS CONNECTED WITH THE WORLD, AND WITH DEITY, In the GOVERNMENT OF THE UNIVERSE. ***** What Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, Cicero of old, and other renowned characters of modern date have condescended to unfold only in part, is here freely investigated, and the contents of the volume offered may be said to embrace these interesting particulars, viz. Deity, the World, Man, Orders, simultaneous and successive evils, natural, moral, political and religious governments, free and despotic Laws and Religions, pure and spurious Revolutions, changes, causes and effects, as awfully manifested in the dynasty of the old world, and strikingly admonitory to the happy people of the new, who compose the large family of the great American Republic, and to whom this work is affectionately dedicated.
CONDITIONS. 1. It shall be printed on the best paper, and with a good type, neatly bound and lettered, price ONE DOLLAR. 2. It shall be put to press with all convenient speed, and as soon as a prospect of remuneration can be ascertained from a generous public—The preface will give a review of the Author, and his motives for solicitation and encouragement; and though a small star in the republic of Letters, yet visible, and approximating to a more brilliant constellation, when the luminous run of Truth and Light will arise in meridian lustre, and dispel the mist of error and the clouds of darkness.
** Signatures will be received at the office of the National Intelligencer, the book stores in Washington, Georgetown and Alexandria, where printed proposals will be duly deposited.
WASHINGTON TONTINE. THE Subscriber, appointed by the Directors, agent for the sale of lots belonging to this institution has opened an office for that purpose in the third house from the west end of the Six Buildings, where he will attend every day from 3 to 5 o'clock in the afternoon. The Lots are generally situate, between George Town and the President's square, between that square and the Capitol, and about the Navy Yard, and amongst them there are some water lots, equal to any in the city. The terms of sale, cash, or short or long credit to suit purchasers; but in cases of credit, the punctual payment of annual interest, and of the principal at the period stipulated must be well secured. If this be done to satisfaction, the purchasers may almost name their own time of credit. JOSEPH FORREST. October 16—td
WILLIAM S. NICHOLLS, HAS just received a large and handsome assortment of FALL & WINTER GOODS, consisting of Superfine Cloths and Cassimeres, Second do. Bote and Striped Blankets, Kersey and Half-hosies, Red, Blue and Green Bockings, Flannels, Baizes, Farcy Cords, Velvets and Velveteens, Calicoes and Chintzes, White and Colored Cambrics, Bennetts Cord and Swansdown Waistcoating, Durants and Calimancos, Hosiery of every kind, Dimities, London Hats, Umbrellas, German and Irish Linens, India Muslins, Carpeting & Coatings, with many articles in the fancy line, which he will sell on the lowest terms for cash. George Town, Oct. 23—3w
WASHINGTON TONTINE. SUBSCRIBERS to this Institution who have not fixed the lives on which they choose their stock to depend, will please to take notice, that it cannot be done after the 31st day of December ensuing; the confirmation providing, that after that day, there can be no change of lives. Written directions on this subject, sent to the subscriber in season, will be duly attended to. BEN: STODDERT. October 16—epw&wdf
Ten Dollars Reward. WAS missed on Sunday, the 5th of May a double cased silver Watch, maker's name Crosthwaite, Dublin, and in the outer case was a watch paper with Mr. Parker's name of Philadelphia—Whoever will bring the said watch to the office of the Navy Intelligencer, shall receive the above reward, and no questions will be asked. May 10—tf.
On a liberal credit. THE subscriber will dispose of at private sale, his estate called Chichester, lying on the eastern branch, immediately opposite the city of Washington. This tract of land containing 697 acres is laid off in lots from 83 to 144 acres for the convenience of purchasers. Plats of the estate and the terms of sale are in the hands of colonel Harton at the navy yard, and Charles Wayman of George Town. The lots will be shown by Mr. Wedden, living on the premises, near the Eastern Branch bridge. ANTHONY ADDISON. Barnaby, 12th June 1805—tf
STELLE'S HOTEL & CITY TAVERN. THE Subscriber takes this method of thanking his friends and the public for their favors whilst on the Capitol Square and begs leave to acquaint them that having purchased and now occupying the tavern, late Tunnicliff's hotel; which he has commenced enlarging and improving—he respectfully solicits a continuance of the patronage of his friends and the public, assuring them that 'tis his full determination to fit up his present hotel, and to conduct it, as to merit, he hopes, the preference of the public travelling, as well as those coming to the permanent seat of the Government of our Land of Liberty. PONTIUS D. STELLE. Washington City, March 25—tf
WASHINGTON ACADEMY. Two PRINCIPAL TEACHERS are wanted in the Academy at the City of Washington, to be opened on the first Monday of January next. They must be qualified to teach reading, writing, the English and Latin languages, geography and the mathematics. Each Principal Teacher to receive five hundred dollars per annum, payable quarterly, for which he is to instruct such poor scholars as may be sent by the Board of Trustees, provided their whole instruction shall not exceed one hundred and twenty quarters in each year; & likewise to receive the entire amount of the tuition money for pay scholars at the rate of five dollars a quarter until the number amount to fifty, and beyond that number as shall be fixed by the Board. Out of this compensation he is to pay for necessary assistants, the rent of the school rooms, and other incidental expenses.
Applications will be received until the first Monday in December next at the City of Washington by WASHINGTON BOYD, Secretary of the Board of Trustees, or by GABRIEL DUVAL, a Committee SAMUEL H. SMITH, appointed for WILLIAM CRANCE, Secretary.
Editors friendly to the advancement of Education, are requested to insert the above advertisement a few times.  This day is published AND FOR SALE BY RAPINE, CONRAD & Co. IN NEW JERSEY AVENUE, CAPITOL HILL. FLEETWOOD; Or the New Man of Feeling, BY WILLIAM GODWIN, Author of Caleb Williams, St. Leon, &c. Ec. price 175 cents. Sept. 25.
District of Columbia, Washington county, to wit: BE it remembered that, on the 4th day of November 1805 John Cannon brought before me the subscriber a justice of the peace in and for the county aforesaid, a bay MARE about 4 years old, with a saddle and bridle on, the saddle newly fitted, which mare he took up on the 31st of October 1805, as a jury. Given under my hand and seal this 4th day of November 1805 ROBERT ALEXANDER, (L. S.)  The owner of the above property is required to come forward to the subscriber near the Navy Yard, prove property, pay charges and take her away. JOHN CANNON. Nov. 3—3t
RAGS. The highest price, in Cash or Books will be given for any quantity of clean Linen and Cotton Rags, by Rapine Conrad and Co. Capitol Hill. June 24—