The national intelligencer and Washington advertiser. (Washington City [D.C.]), 1801-08-28 00:00:00

The National Intelligencer, AND WASHINGTON ADVERTISER.
VOL. I. WASHINGTON CITY, PRINTED BY SAMUEL HARRISON SMITH, NEW-JERSEY AVENUE, NEAR THE CAPITOL. No. CXXIX.
FIVE DOLLS. PER ANN.
FRIDAY, AUGUST 28th, 1801.
PAID IN ADVANCE.
BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES OF THOMAS ERSKINE.
[CONCLUDED.]
IN the month of May, 1783, Mr. Erskine received the honor of a silk gown; his majesty's letters of precedence being conferred upon him, as it has been said, at the personal suggestion of the venerable lord Mansfield. To this distinction, his portion of the business, and his acknowledged talents, gave him an unanswerable pretension. Mr. Erskine is a remarkable instance of a rapid advancement to this honor, not having been at the bar quite five years. His business was now considerably augmented, and he succeeded to that place which had been so long occupied by Mr. Dunning.
It would be impossible, with the space allotted to this article, to give an account of the causes pleaded by Mr. Erskine, his exertions being, for the most part, occupied in the transactions of daily occurrence which are discussed in our courts of justice: of these there are no other documents than the journals of the day, from which fidelity of statement cannot be expected.
In no part of his professional engagements has Mr. Erskine deserved or acquired an higher reputation than in the mode of conducting trials for crim. con. It has frequently fallen to his lot to be concerned in behalf of plaintiffs in these actions, a circumstance which has given him considerable advantage; for, besides the attention which is sure to be afforded to accusing eloquence, the sympathies of mankind are naturally in alliance with him who hurls his invective against the genial bed, and the invader of conjugal happiness; and alarming as the frequency of these causes may be, yet the torrent of public licentiousness has received no slight impediment from the indignant feelings of the world, and the exemplary damages awarded by juries. To this honorable and useful end, the eloquence of the advocate is subservient—He calls into activity the slumbering emotions and the virtuous sensibilities of men, into a sort of league against the crime he denounces. Mr. Erskine's speech, in the memorable cause of Sykes and Parlow, is still remembered by those who heard it, as an uncommon effort of rhetorical ability.
Mr. Erskine has also been concerned in some of the remarkable causes for crim. con. on behalf of defendants. His exertions are well known in the memorable cases of Baldwin against Oliver, tried at York, and the recent one of Sir Henry Vane Tempest, in both which cases there were but one shilling damages; the husbands having let loose their wives upon the world, and, in some respect, being accessory to their prostitution. And, on these occasions, Mr. Erskine has done equal service to the cause of morality and virtue, by pointing out the infamy of unyoking the female passions from the restraints of conjugal protection and domestic attachments. His speech in Howard against Bingham will be long remembered at the bar; it contains a most affecting apology for the lady, who was married against her consent, while her affections had been bestowed upon another: it abounds with pathetic remarks on the harshness and cruelty of chaining down to a man, whom she hated, a young and beautiful woman, and, for purposes of family arrangement or ambition, dedicating her life to a reluctant discharge of duties, the obligations of which she could not perceive, and the conditions of which she could not sustain. In this speech there is no apology for vice, but an excuse for human frailty, which is pleaded with great warmth and great eloquence.
From the infinite variety of these causes in which he has been concerned, it is not extraordinary that he should have acquired too artificial and common-place a method of putting his topics: but it cannot justly be reproached to Mr. Erskine, that the perpetual reiteration of these transaction should, in a great measure, have exhausted his store of expression and of thinking on these subjects: this is not poverty, but exhausted wealth—the indigence arising from too lavish a prodigality of his opulence—
He who looks for a perfect model of the style of Mr. Erskine, must examine his speech on the trial of Stockdale. When the charges against Mr. Hastings were published by the house of commons, a Mr. Logie, a clergyman of the church of Scotland, and a friend of the governor-general, wrote a tract, in which those charges were investigated with some acrimony, but with considerable warmth and vigor: the pamphlet being considered as libelous, by a resolution of the house, a criminal information was filed by the attorney-general against Stockdale, who was the publisher, for a libel.
In the course of his defence of Stockdale, Mr. Erskine urged many collateral topics in favor of Mr. Hastings, in a style of fervid and ornamented eloquence. Adverting to the charges preferred against Mr. Hastings, he expatiates on the obvious absurdity exhibited by a power, guilty of rapine and oppression, in presuming to sit in judgment upon those to whom its authority had been delegated, and by whom its own tyranny had been exercised. He dwells upon the ridiculous conduct of a nation, proceeding in its iniquitous career of plunder and rapacity, in saying to the subordinate instruments of its usurpation, "Thus far shalt thou go, and no farther;" that a great empire was to be preserved by Mr. Hastings, and that it was only to be preserved by the means which were used to acquire it; by acts of rigorous and severe authority—He then takes notice of the violation of human happiness, for which the nation was responsible, in the exercise of her eastern dominion; concluding the topic in the following strain of energetic oratory:—
"Gentlemen, you are touched by this way of considering the subject; and I can account for it. I have been talking of man and his nature, not as they are seen through the cold medium of books, but as I have myself seen them in climates reluctantly submitting to our authority. I have seen an indignant savage chief surrounded by his subjects, and holding in his hand a bundle of sticks, the notes of his unlettered eloquence. 'Who is it,' said the jealous ruler of a forest, 'encroached upon by the restless foot of English adventure. Who is it that causes these mountains to lift up their lofty head? Who raises the winds of the winter, and calms them again in the summer? The same Being who gave to you a country on your side of the water, and ours to us on this!'
This is, perhaps, a species of rhetorical ornament more figurative than our national eloquence, which does not tolerate the boldness of the prosopopeia, seems strictly to admit; yet it is impossible not to be struck with the sublimity of the passage—The exertions of Mr. Erskine procured the acquittal of the defendant.
Of this speech the faults and the beauties are equally obvious: it is too elaborate and artificial in its texture; its sentences are too much burdened with epithets, and it wants the charm and the ornament of simplicity: under some restrictions, it may be said abundat dulcibus vitiiis . In the beginning of this harangue, he has displayed a regard for his own profession truly honorable to his feelings; and it is not the least praise which is due to his professional character, that he is never known to omit any opportunity of paying a tribute of respect to the bar, of which he is the most shining ornament and example.
Mr. Erskine was elected member of parliament for Portsmouth in the year 1783; an honor which he probably derived from the reputation he had acquired at the court-martial which sat there on the trial of Admiral Keppel. His political character may be extracted from his speeches in courts of justice, as well as from his uniform conduct in parliament: whether the consistency of his course is to be attributed to a singular felicity of fortune, or to the demands which his business has at all times had on his time and his exertions, and which rendered his political ambition subordinate to his love of professional fame; yet the praise of inflexible patriotism, and a rigid adherence to the men and measures he approved, will hardly be disputed to him.
From no transaction of his life is a greater and more permanent reputation derived by Mr. Erskine than in his noble struggles in defence of the trial by jury. The law, as it is now expounded by Mr. Fox's bill, which Mr. Erskine paved the way for in the courts, and seconded and supported in parliament, is a monument erected to his patriotism and ability. A strange paradox had crept into the judicial practice, which, restricting the powers of juries in questions of libel to the arbitrary interpretation of the judges, reduced it in fact to a shadow and a nullity. A rule derived from the venal opinion and practice of bad judges in bad times, was propped by honest and upright men from real conviction, and a sense of duty in adhering to what they conceived to be precedent and authority. The question had already been frequently agitated in trials for libel—It had exercised the pen and tongues of the ablest lawyers, and had been discussed in the luminous and elegant letters of Junius. It was reserved for Mr. Erskine, in his celebrated argument in support of a rule for a new trial in the Dean of St. Asaph's case, to concentrate all the doctrines, and to combine all the reasonings, which lay scattered over so many volumes of legal learning. In this elaborate argument, he most triumphantly established his position—that juries were judges of the law as well as the fact. Upon the principles laid down in this speech, Mr. Fox framed his immortal bill, which, though it received the most acrimonious opposition in both houses of legislature, has at length happily rescued the question from controversy, by the establishment of a criterion, to which the rights and duties of juries may at all times be referred.
On the original trial of the Dean of St. Asaph, at Shrewsbury, where Mr. Erskine appeared as counsel for the Dean, a special verdict was delivered by the jury, finding the defendant guilty of the fact of publishing . Mr. Justice Buller, who presided at the trial, desired them to reconsider it, as it could not be recorded in the terms in which they expressed it. On this occasion Mr. Erskine insisted that the verdict should be recorded as it was found. This was resisted by the judge, who meeting with unusual opposition from the counsel, peremptorily told him to sit down, or he should compel him. "My lord," returned Mr. Erskine, "I will not sit down—Your lordship may do your duty, but I will do mine." The judge was silent. It would have been more consistent with the dignity of the court, if the threat, which he did not feel himself prepared to execute, had not escaped the learned judge. Mr. Erskine concludes his argument in this case, with this sentiment:
"It was the first command and counsel of my youth, always to do what my conscience told me to be my duty; and to leave the consequences to God. I shall carry with me the memory, and I trust the practice, of this parental lesson to the grave. I have hitherto followed it, and have no reason to complain, that my obedience to it has been even a temporal sacrifice. I have found, on the contrary, the road to prosperity and wealth; and I shall point it out as such to my children."
The independence exhibited by our advocate on every occasion, threw upon him the defences of persons prosecuted for sedition or libel by government. No reasoning can be more uncautious, than to infer that his political opinions had any real sympathy with those entertained by the numerous race of libellers who resorted to him for legal protection. They know but little of the duty of a counsel who reason in this manner. As a servant of the public, he is bound by the obligations of professional honor, to afford his assistance to those who engage him in their behalf. It is the privilege of the accused, in a free country, to be heard impartially and equitably, and to be tried by the fair interpretation of the laws to which he is amenable. They who imagine that the advocate identifies with his own, the opinions and acts of the party he is representing, are carried away by erroneous reasonings, tending, in their consequences, to deprive the innocent of protection, by denying a fair measure of jus-
tice to the guilty. This sense of duty Mr. Erskine has carried to an honorable extreme, not having been deterred from it by the malignant representations of party calumny, nor tempted to abandon it by the hopes and promises of professional promotion. His defence, however, of Paine, occasioned his sudden dismissal from the office he held as attorney-general to the Prince of Wales. It is unnecessary to inquire who were the advisers at Carlton House upon this occasion; it is sufficient to say, that the measure was dictated by minds of too weak a texture, and too contracted a size, to comprehend either the duties of an English advocate, or the rights of an English subject. In justice, however, to the prince, there is no reason to believe that he approved of the measure, or willingly acceded to it. In those moments of political phrenzy, it was forced upon him by those who could not feel the enlarged and liberal sentiments of that great personage on such an occasion, and who were not ashamed to make use of the most unworthy instruments of political artifice and intrigue, having no other political science than that of pursuing objects most familiar to their minds, by means most adapted to their understandings.
The most brilliant event in Mr. Erskine's professional life was the part cast upon him in conjunction with Mr. Gibbs, in the state trials, in the year 1794. The accused gentlemen looked to Mr. Erskine as their instrument of safety. He undertook their several defences with an enthusiasm that rendered him insensible to the fatigues of a long and continued exertion: nothing was omitted that could elucidate their innocence; nothing overlooked that tended to weaken the force of the case stated against them by the crown lawyers. These trials lasted several days: the public expectation hung upon them with most inconceivable anxiety, and the feelings of good men and virtuous citizens accompanied the accused to their trial, with hopes not unmixed with apprehension, that, from their acquittal, the liberty of the subject would receive additional strength and confirmation.
One of Mr. Erskine's latest speeches was upon the prosecution of Paine's Age of Reason . It is a signal blessing, in an age when the sentiment is openly undervalued and despised, that men of great talents should display a lively sensibility to the obligations of religion, as the best auxiliary of morality and conscience, and that they should employ their eloquence and their reason, the best gift of God to man, in impressing on the general mind the consolations derived from the truths it has imparted.
The character of this great man is reflected by the actions of a life spent in the active exercise of an honorable occupation. His various talents, even by the violence of party, have not once been questioned. To say that he is unequal in his intellectual efforts, is to say little more than may be affirmed of the greatest men who have flourished in eloquence, in poetry, or philosophy. Let him, however, who desires to frame a correct estimate of his powers, attend the court in which they are hourly exercised; let him not build his judgment on an insulated specimen; let him pursue his mind, as it were, to the context, and combine his diversified merits in the endless variety of causes on which he is occupied: let him remark the facility of transition with which he glides to the successive transactions of the day; the correctness with which he narrates and details their circumstances, and the unceasing pliability of his mind on subjects of such various and discordant natures.
It would be gratifying to exhibit the domestic character of Mr. Erskine—He has four sons and four daughters; and, in the bosom of his family, he finds a soothing relaxation from the cares and agitations of his public engagements. Whatever time he can snatch from the accumulated mass of labours with which he is surrounded, is devoted to social intercourse with his friends and his family. No man is endowed with a greater share of constitutional vivacity: he is sportive, and almost puerile in his relaxations; a circumstance not unfre-

dy found in the history of men of genius.
Upon these topics we cannot enlarge. In this memoir an attempt has been made to exhibit his public character with fairness and impartiality. Of his private virtues it would be indecorous to make any enumeration. Integritatem atque abstinentiam in tanto viro referre injuria viri tutum fuerit. Tacit. in vit. Agric.
Foreign Intelligence.
From Glasgow papers to July 1.
GLASGOW, June 23.
The communication between this country and France, has become unusually frequent, probably owing to the pending negotiation, which of late has assumed a considerable degree of activity, and which it is rumoured, is likely to be brought to a happy termination. Paris papers to the 17th inst. were received on Friday. The secretary to the embassy to the king of Spain, has written to the sub prefect of Bayonne, that peace would soon be signed. The French funds have experienced some depression.
June 25.
On Saturday afternoon, Paris papers till the 18th inst. were received in London. The Moniteur has at length begun to notice the operations in Egypt. It states, that after the British had taken possession of Rosetta, about the middle of April Gen. Hutchinson advanced in person against Rhamanie, when Gen. Menou, collecting his whole army, gave him battle in the Delta, and totally defeated him. Little credit, however, can be given to this intelligence. The editor of the Moniteur himself, does not appear to believe it. "These reports," says he, "which bear some marks of truth, seem, however, to require confirmation."
Hostilities still continue in Portugal. The whole province of Alentejo has been conquered, and Campo Maggiore has yielded, after a bombardment of thirty days. It does not appear that the French army has yet joined the Spanish. Pinto after receiving the most ample powers from his government, returned to Badajoz, and though he offered to shut the ports of Portugal against the British, his proposals were not acceded to.
The Hamburgh mail due on Wednesday se'nnight, arrived on Sunday. It brings us a report, which, on the authority of a private letter to a gentleman of this city, was current here yesterday, that Gantheume's squadron had been defeated, and blockaded up in Corsica.
June 27.
An extract from the Courier of Milan, given in these papers, mentions, that six vessels, laden with arms, ammunition and troops, has sailed from Barcelona and Alicante, for Alexandria; and that five ships of the line were fitting out at Cadiz.
These papers also contain two bulletins, addressed by the Prince of Peace, to the king of Spain, in which he gives his majesty this important information, that when the courier arrived with his majesty's dispatches, the troops were taking their repose before Yelves; that when he arrived at the head of the advanced guard, they presented him with two branches of an orange tree—which he sends as a present to her majesty.
June 27.
On Wednesday last, Paris Papers to the 21st inst. were received in London. An extract from the Courier of the Po, in these papers, states, that a secret expedition, having on board a number of Neapolitan physicians, surgeons, painters and architects, had sailed from Ancona. The farther state, that a courier had arrived at Constantinople from Egypt, with the intelligence that the British had blocked up all the avenues to Alexandria, both by sea and land, in such a manner that there remained little hope of their receiving succours from Cairo or any quarter in Egypt. The French have, however, it is added, rejected every proposition for the evacuation of Egypt, fired upon our flags of truce when they approached them, and declared they would defend themselves to the last extremity.
Mr. Merry, formerly British minister at Copenhagen, is appointed to go to Paris as agent of prisoners, in the room of Capel-Coffe; will also be the bearer of dispatches from Hawkesbury, respecting the pending negotiation, which it is supposed is in a favourable train.
VIENNA, June 4.
Letters received yesterday from Smyrna assert, that the French admiral Gan-
theume, who was sent to carry succors to General Menou in Egypt, has been defeated by the British admiral Sir John Borlase Warren.
PARIS, June 15.
A letter from Paris, dated the 6th inst. contains the following intelligence:— "We have official information of the conclusion of peace between Spain and Portugal, and consequently between the latter power and the republic. The ambassador, Lucien Buonaparte, is gone to Badajoz, to sign the treaty."
[Clef du Cabinet.]
LONDON, June 19.
The French papers having said, it is presumed, as much as they dare to say, relative to the destination of Gantheume, have at length resorted to the Frankfort Journal, which is stated to contain the following article:
"According to letters from Genoa, of the 2d inst. admiral Gantheume has received express orders from Paris, to disembark as speedily as possible, on the coast of Tripoli, the troops on board his squadron. They are thence to attempt to reach Egypt, whatever difficulties they may meet with on their march."
Letters of a later date from Genoa, make no mention of this circuitous route, which would be attended with innumerable difficulties; but it must be recollected, that all difficulties vanish in the view of a French projector. The difficulties are only found in practice, with which he has nothing to do—sufficient if specious in theory.
Letters from Barcelona state, that numbers of French troops and a body of sailors are on their march to Carthagena, in order to join in a secret expedition that is to be fitted out from that port. The object is supposed to be an attempt on Minorca, under the idea, perhaps, that the garrison of that island is weakened by their drafts on their service. A sufficient force will be left to protect it. The Spanish ports will no doubt be closely watched by our fleets in the Mediterranean.
June 22.
The Gazette of Saturday contains an order of council, dated the 16th, for taking off the embargo on Swedish property; for removing the prohibition respecting the payment of bills drawn from Sweden; for the detaining of Swedish vessels, &c. and the intercourse between the countries is placed on its former footing. The order is precisely the same as in the case of the Danes and Russians.
Private letters from the continent speak of reports in circulation that Bonaparte intends on the 14th July next, to change his title of Chief Consul to that of Legiarch, and to dispense with all other ministerial aid than what his brother Joseph can afford him.
When the king visited Mr. Dundas last week, drinking a glass of wine, he gave, "To the health of the man who had the ability to plan, and the fortitude to persevere in the expedition to Egypt, contrary to my desire."
June 24.
The dispatches received here on Sunday from admiral Cornwallis, are dated the 16th inst. and contain information that the enemy had twenty-five sail of the line and eight frigates in the outer harbor of Brest, perfectly equipped, the whole of which were hourly expected to put to sea.
Private advices from St. Petersburg mention, that more than 40 000 persons have returned to that city since the death of the late Emperor. This influx has made house-rent so dear, and so filled the town, that a lodging can scarcely be procured for money.
PARIS, June 17.
An adjutant commander has arrived at Badajoz, with the news of the success obtained by the Spanish army. The whole Province of Alentejo has been conquered, Elvas is blockaded.
Campo Maggiore, after a long resistance, yielded to a bombardment of three days.
At Alonches, a corps of Portuguese troops has been defeated. It has lost a great number of men killed, and five hundred prisoners. Another affair has taken place at Avis.
The minister Pinto had arrived at Badajoz, furnished with full powers from the Regency of Portugal. He had offered to shut the ports of Portugal against the British, and had made other advantageous propositions, but not such as to reach the object proposed to themselves by France and Spain—that of obtaining in those British provinces, objects of compensation for the French, Batavian and Spanish possessions, which treason or the fate of war had put into the power of the British.
At the departure of the adjutant com-
mander, a corps of French troops, 18,000 strong, was at Ciudad Roderigo, and had not been engaged.
LONDON, May 28.
SEDITIONS LIBEL.
THE KING v. SPENCE.
This was an indictment against the defendant, a bookseller in Oxford road, for selling a seditious pamphlet, called Spence's Restorer of Society. The prosecution was conducted by the Attorney-General, who expatiated upon the dangerous tendency of a publication, the object of which was to destroy all private and exclusive property in land, and vest it in parishes, to be leased in small farms for the benefit of the public in general. This plan, the defendant argued, would produce a beautiful republic, which would be wholly free from those mischiefs arising, according to his opinion, from the present state of property.
The defendant read his defence, which occupied about two hours and a half; he maintained, that his intentions were innocent, and that he had indulged only in a speculative theory, which he had a right to do;—he seemed to be himself intimately persuaded of the truth of the mass of absurdities contained in his book; and, upon the whole, his error appeared more attributable to his head than his heart.
The Attorney General, without pressing the variety of arguments that presented themselves upon the subject of the libel in question, contented himself with observing how very inconsistent its contents were with that purity of intention urged by the defendant.
Lord Kenyon thought the case too clear to require any remarks from him; and the jury, without a minute's hesitation, pronounced the defendant Guilty ; and upon the motion of the Attorney General, he was committed to Newgate.
Portsmouth, August 18, 1801. AN EXPERIMENT.
To prove the KINE POX an effectual and sure preventive of the SMALL POX, either by inoculation, or casual infection, the following experiment was instituted in this town.
On the 3d and 4th inst. Mr. Silas Holman, merchant, on the Pier, Henry and Eliphalet Ladd, sons of col. Ladd, and John Gilman, son of J. W. Gilman, Esq. of Exeter, were inoculated for the Small-Pox, at hospital island in this harbour, after having had the Kine-Pox. The infection was taken directly from a man laboring under the Small-Pox the natural way, very severely. The more effectually to prove the preventive powers of the kine-pox, these young gentlemen were repeatedly inoculated, and kept constantly in the house with the sick man and a young girl who had the small-pox by inoculation, besides spending much time in their rooms for ten days, and greatly to their honor, exposed themselves as much as possible to the various effluvia, being anxious to make the experiment satisfactory.
On the second and third days after inoculation, the punctured points appeared inflamed and shewed signs of infection. We did not hesitate to say the small-pox virus had taken effect; and if the young gentlemen had not previously had the kine-pox, we should have pronounced their inoculation with the small-pox effectual; so exactly did this appearance correspond with that of the commonly inoculated small-pox.
This was an important moment, we had our fears, which a few days dissipated, and gladdened our hearts with joy—for by the seventh day the inflammation had abated, and a scab formed over the puncture, which appeared so totally different from the effectually inoculated small-pox, that we were confident of a happy escape from this terrible disease.
Although the arms had at one time the appearance of effectual inoculation, yet the patients were not attacked by any of the well known symptoms of the small-pox, but remained perfectly free of complaint.
We were not contented with all this proof, but determined to keep them at the hospital, in the midst of the various effluvia, so long as to render it impossible for them to escape the small-pox, if it could take any effect upon them either by casual infection or inoculation. For this purpose we kept them in the hospital till the tenth day, without their having any symptoms or appearances of the small-pox, and even now, the fifteenth day after inoculation, they remain free of complaint.
This we hold ample proof that the KINE POX is a sure and effectual preventive of the SMALL POX, either by inoculation or casual infection.
WM. CUTTER, L. SPALDING.
FOR THE NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE.
At a meeting of the share-holders of the PRINTING AND BOOK-SELLING COMPANY, at the City Tavern, in the City of Washington, on the 20th of August, 1801, pursuant to public Notice, more than two thirds in amount being present or represented, the following Gentlemen were chosen as Committees, to form a board of Directors for the government of the institution:
1st. Literary Committee. Dr. C. Cunningham, Nicholas King, William Brent, Thomas Waterman, Dr. Richard Dinmore.
2d. Committee for Pecuniary and Economical concerns.
John Templeman, W. M. Duncanson, Charles A. Beatty, John Banks, John Ott, James Lyon.
At a meeting of the board of Directors, at the house of Nicholas King, on the 22d of August 1801,
JOHN TEMPLEMAN, Esq. was chosen President, and
J. L. ANTHONY, Secretary of the board of Directors.
The following resolution was passed.
Resolved, That the literary committee proceed to make enquiry which will be the most advantageous work to print; and prepare such Prospectus for the Press, as shall be necessary to lay before the Public, explanatory of the objects of this association:—That the pecuniary Committee proceed to collect the installments of the Stock of the Company, issue the evidence thereof, and make other necessary arrangements to commence business; and that the respective committees report to the board of Directors at the next meeting.
August 28, 1801.
Conrad & M un m
HAVE opened houses of entertainment in the range of buildings formerly occupied by Mr. LAW, about two hundred paces from the Capitol, in New Jersey avenue, leading from thence to the Eastern Branch. They are spacious and convenient, one of which is designed for stage passengers and travellers, the other for the accommodation of boarders. There is stableage sufficient for 60 horses—They hope to merit public patronage.
City of Washington, Nov. 24, 1800. if
The subscriber respectfully acquaints the public, that he has removed to the corner of Ninth and E streets, where he continues to manufacture and sell all kinds of Ornaments for Chimney pieces, Door Caps, Frontispieces, Metal Sashes, &c. which may also be had at his store No. 51, Barclay street, New-York, and at Mr. Wild's store, Market street, Baltimore.
GEORGE ANDREWS.
Who has gold leaf for sale by the package or book.
May 8, 1802.
17
Nail Manufactory,
ALL kinds of Cut Nails for Sale by Wholesale and Retail at the Factory on F Street, and at the Hardware Store of the Subscriber, where persons building and all others wishing to purchase may be supplied with any quantity at the most reasonable rates.
JOHN JACK.
Washington Feb. 4, 1801
CONVEYANCERS OFFICE,
AND
OFFICE FOR SALE OF CITY LOTS.
On the Pennsylvania Avenue fronting the President's Square, near Rhodes's tavern, City of Washington,
THOMAS HERTY has connected with the business of drawing Conveyances of Land, Wills, Mortgages, Leases, Bonds, Assignments powers of Attorney, petitions, and every other species of deed or contract in the profession; that of buying, selling and leasing lots and houses in the City, negotiating loans, &c.
His long experience as a draftsman, and knowledge of the laws relative thereto—the knowledge which he has acquired by residence of the situation of City Lots, and how their titles have been acquired, or are liable to be affected; together with his impartial and strict regard to the interest of those who may be pleased to employ him, will, he hopes, secure to him a continuance of public patronage.
Titles to real property investigated, and opinions given thereon when required.
For sale a great variety of Lots, in desirable situations in the City.
N. B. At the above office may be had, his Abridgement of the Laws of Maryland, price 6 dollars. Also his Digest of the Laws of the United States, price 3 dollars. As the Laws of Maryland are in full force on this side the Potomack, it behoves letters to avail themselves of that information which affects their lives, liberties and property. He who is without a knowledge of his "rule of conduct" is like a stranger in his native land.
May 4.
22W4W. IAWA

NEW CENSUS.—The Act of Congress, directing a new Census, prescribes the transmission of the several returns to the Department of State, on or before the first day of September. Notwithstanding this direction, the following Statement includes all the returns yet received. There remain to be received, returns from Rhode-Island, New-York, the Western District of Pennsylvania, Maryland, the Western District of Virginia, Tennessee, and the Indiana Territory. To gratify the curiosity of our readers, and to exhibit, as far as we are enabled, the growing population of our country, we present the following Statement:
Table with 4 columns: DISTRICTS OR TERRITORIES, Under 10 years of age, Of 10 and under 16, Of 16 and under 26, including Heads of Families. Rows include New Jersey, New Hampshire, Vermont, Connecticut, Eastern District of Pennsylvania, Delaware, Kentucky, North-Carolina, South-Carolina, Georgia, Mississippi Territory, District of Columbia, Virginia, and a TOTAL row.
We this day conclude Biographical Notices of Mr. ERSKINE, taken from an English publication. We believe the delineation of his character is faithful. Though the article be long, we are persuaded that the regret of the reader will only be, that York, it is no longer. As a more illustrious example of virtue and talents adorns not the bar of any country, his reputation should be extended beyond England, that it may elsewhere be a model to rising merit.
A meeting of delegates from the counties of Washington, Allegheny and Greene, in Pennsylvania, have nominated William Hoge for representative in Congress, in the room of Albert Gallatin. Kentucky papers state, that John Fowler and Thomas T. Davis, both republicans, are re-elected representatives in Congress by very large majorities.
The governor of New-York has issued his proclamation, directing a new election for members of the federal House of Representatives in the room of JOHN BIRD
of the war to the same period, including the subsidies to Prussia and Sardinia, amounted to 32,810,977l. 2s. 2d.
The Moniteur, a Paris paper, of the 14th June, contains a statement of the revenue and trade of St. Domingo for the year 3, 1799-1800, communicated by M. Bizonard, comptroller of the Navy at St. Domingo. The Moniteur observes that they are the more valuable, as they are the only exact accounts that have been received these ten years.
From these it appears that the receipt for that year was 17,435,771, currency of the islands; and the expence 16,803,578, ditto balance 631,193.
The amount of the importation in the same period was, in all 44,720,261 francs. These importations were brought in by 598 vessels, of which only one was French.
The exportations were more considerable, but the gross value is not mentioned. The customs, however, are stated to have been 4,356,538, while the import duties were 3,460,685.
These exports made through 1,173 vessels, of which 14 were French. Upon the whole the Moniteur states that the whole produce of the island now is not one-fourth of what it was in 1789.
A very extraordinary character has lately made his appearance at Trieste, whose conduct has given rise to doubts, whether he does not possess the dangerous secret of Alchemy, which brought St. Leon into such disasters, and against which Mr. Godwin has given himself so much trouble to admonish us. The name by which this stranger, whose origin is unknown, but who gives out that he is an Egyptian, chooses to pass, is that of Count Casis Pharaoh. His equipages exceed in splendor every thing that has been seen in that quarter. His entertainments are imperial. At his own expence he has built a magnificent Opera-House in Trieste, which was opened for the first time on the 13th of May last. Upwards of 6000 spectators crowded to see this gratuitous exhibition, which was, however, so lucrative to those whom the wealthy stranger honored with his friendship, that the right of admission to a box was sold for 550 Florins. [Lon. Pap.]
COMMUNICATION. We learn, that the late Mr. ROBERT RANDAL, who departed this life on the 5th June last, at his seat near this city, in the 50th year of his age; has left, by his last Will and Testament, the principal part of his estate, estimated at upwards of thirty thousand pounds, for the establishment of an asylum for infirm and disabled seamen, to be called the SAILOR'S SNUG HARBOUR. This property we understand, will be under the superintendence of the governor and chancellor of the state—the mayor and recorder—the eldest minister of the episcopal and presbyterian churches—the president of the chamber of commerce—and president of the marine society of this city, for the time being; who are appointed trustees by the will, and are authorized and directed to commence the operation of this benevolent and truly laudable institution, as soon as the incomes of the estate shall be sufficient for the maintenance of fifty patients of the above description. [New-York Pap.]
PHILADELPHIA, August 26. Extract of a letter from London to a respectable mercantile house in Charleston, dated June 13.
"I have great pleasure in acquainting you, that Sir William Scott's act (as it is called) for the reform of our admiralty courts at Jamaica, the West-Indies, the Bahamas, Bermuda, and Halifax, will pass, I believe in a few days, into a law. I assure you that this great and learned civilian has taken an infinite deal of pains in framing his act upon the broad principles of justice and liberality towards all fair trading neutrals. No agents for the navy gentlemen will be allowed, in future to touch a sixpence of prize-money, until a final issue of any seizure is known. "I shall send you several copies of the act as soon as it has received the royal signature. I was one of a sub-committee of merchants appointed to wait on Sir William Scott, who received us with much politeness, and went through his act with us (making some alteration) clause by clause. Admiralty jurisprudence is a bad system, I believe through all countries; nevertheless I will venture to assert ours, in future, will be the best in the world. I will thank you to make known to our friends generally, the stage which the business is in. It may be well that you put on board your vessel one of the acts, until our reformation becomes more notorious."
"I notice you had heard a number of idle reports regarding this island. Things with this country are in a very different situation to what most men expect, and what many wished for. I certainly believe (though I may be wrong) we shall have a general peace in the course of this year, or by next spring. Bonaparte seems not to know how to act; and it is now reported, that a new confederacy is about to be formed on the continent against France, so that there seems no end to this war."
BALTIMORE, August 26. The trial of Alexander Kaminsky was on Monday brought on in the criminal court in this city, for forging and uttering notes of hand to the number of twenty-eight, amounting in the whole to 18,300 dollars. The attorney-general had filed against him eight and twenty indictments, to each of which the prisoner pleaded guilty to the court. And yesterday morning Kleinschmidt, a clerk and accomplice of Kaminsky, was also arraigned at the bar of the court upon similar indictments, to all of which he likewise pleaded guilty, and submitted to the court. The judge then sentenced the offenders to fourteen years hard labor upon the road—a sentence which it is to be hoped will annihilate the practice of counterfeiting and forging, which has already arisen to an alarming height in this country.
Boston, August 20, 1801. Capt. Thomas, arrived yesterday at the Quarantine ground, from the Havannah, in 20 days, informs, "That an embargo was to take place, at that port, the day after he failed, and to be continued for 30 days." He could not learn the reasons for this measure.
Pocket-Book Lost. LOST, yesterday afternoon, on the road between Messrs. Nemith & Moffat's building and the Point, a Lady's red Morocco Pocket Book, containing two Ten DOLLAR NOTES of the Bank of Baltimore, and a small Pearl Locker. A reward of Five Dollars will be given to any person who will leave said Pocket-Book, with its contents, at the office of the National Intelligencer. August 28.
NOTICE. A meeting of the subscribers for the improvement of North E Street, is requested at Rhodes's City Tavern, on Saturday the 29th inst. at 6 o'clock, P. M. on business of importance. Also, all the inhabitants and proprietors who intend to subscribe for a foot way on each side of said street. CLOTWORTHY STEPHENSON. City of Washington, Aug. 28, 1801.
Ten Dollars Reward. STRAYED or stolen from the subscriber two horses and a mare. The mare and one of the horses are matches, about 15 hands high, black colour, and bob tails. The other horse is a small bay, about 14 hands high, has a remarkable lump on the right side, cropt ears, and a bell round his neck. The above horses were missing on Sunday night. DANIEL C. BRENT. Washington City, Aug. 19. 1801.
ANTHONY SAWYER, LADIES' & GENTLEMEN'S HAIR-DRESSER. RESPECTFULLY informs the public, that he has opened a shop opposite the Little Hotel, in the City of Washington. Turban wigs of the newest fashion are made for the ladies, fillets, &c. He will wait upon any lady with the patterns. Any other business in his line shall be strictly attended to. F Street August 19, 1801.
NOTICE. THE following slaves have been committed to the gaol of Washington county, viz: SOLOMON JOHNSTON—Five feet 10 inches high, 33 years of age, has on a part of man-keen trowsers and a coarse shirt; says he belongs to captain Johnston of the city of Baltimore. JOHN PAINE—Five feet 8 or 9 inches high, 26 or 27 years of age, has on a blue coat much worn, a pair of light coloured corduroy breeches, and an old hat, says he belongs to col. Martin Pickett of Fauquier Court House, Virginia. MARK, alias THOMAS GORDON—Five feet 9 inches high, 40 years of age, has on a pair of old trowsers, and an old shirt and a new felt hat; says he belongs to David Allison of Falmouth Virginia. BEN COLE—Five feet 8 or 9 inches high, 22 years of age, has on a striped gingham coat, overalls of the same, and a white dimity jacket; says he is a free man, and that he came from Fells Point in the city of Baltimore, where he resides. The owners of the above Runaways are desired to come and take them away, otherwise they will be sold as the law directs, to discharge their prison expences. DANIEL C. BRENT. Marshal of the District of Columbia. Washington, August 14, 1801.

[From the Boston Telegraph.] AN ESSAY ON NAVAL ESTABLISHMENTS; Particularly that of America; In a letter to a friend, written during the administration of JOHN ADAMS.
THE United States of America have, without doubt, already acquired, by their population, a claim to a respectable grade among nations. Their situation, together with their admirable geographical divisions, insures to them innumerable advantages; advantages resulting not less from the diversity of climate, than from their extent of coast; and many of their rivers emptying themselves into cold and tempestuous seas, afford all the means of forming skilful sailors. These advantages, whilst they augment the real importance of the states, would seem to point out the facility of creating and supporting a naval force: But considering their vast distance from Europe and the infant state of their financial resources, I very much doubt whether such a force would be productive of any considerable advantages.
Naval forces have but too often contributed to the derangement of the finances of many states; not only by means of the enormous expenses which are incurred for their support, but from the wars in which they involve their possessors: And ought not the United States to fear the same consequences? They frequently incite to the conquest of colonies; which, however, are never acquired, nor completely established, without costing much to the mother country, either for protection, or in consequence of the quarrels to which they give rise. Nor should we forget, that when these colonies gained sufficient strength to govern themselves, they have seldom failed in taking advantage of the first opportunity that offered, to effect a separation from the parent state; and this but too frequently, after having deprived her of a part of her force; which, whilst it paralyzes her, takes from her the means of doing herself justice.
England would seem, when we view the condition of her financial resources to destroy the force of what I have advanced; but even she will, in the end, furnish proofs of its justice. From her deficiency in original objects of barter, it has been concluded, that because she had become a manufacturing nation, it was necessary also to become the possessor of colonies, and to have a naval force sufficient to protect her merchants, who, solicitous only for the disposal of their surplus of manufactured articles, have contrived to impress their government with an opinion, that possessing a naval force, it was necessary to preserve and maintain it, regardless of the enormous expenses incurred by it, or the evils which it might bring upon the nation.
The United States of America, abounding in real objects of barter, which neither England, nor indeed but few of the European nations can boast, it can scarcely be doubted that they greatly err in following European systems—in most of which a Navy is considered as an essential part. The merchant declares that a Navy is the rampart of a state, and the nursery of its revenue; but the farmer and the man of true discernment, look upon it only as the precursor of those events which change both the nature and manner of levying imposts; and which finally becomes a principal agent in converting a free government into a despotism.
The United States ought not to cherish establishments which are so continually inciting to ambition. European nations, confined within their own boundaries, and in absolute want of many articles of the first necessity, have been obliged to resort to the ruinous measure of creating Naval Forces, in order to insure the safe arrival of those articles in their ports. But are the United States reduced to this necessity? I think not; for in every quarter we find their citizens offering an abundance of almost all the necessaries of life for sale. Indeed, it is presumed, on reasonable calculation, that their extensive territory, under a proper state of cultivation, would support an hundred millions of inhabitants—from which we may infer, that they have yet a long course to run before they will have to seek elsewhere for territory. They possess, as I have before said, almost every article of the first necessity. As to sugars and other products of the West-Indies, which may indeed be called superfluities, the wants of those islands, together with their proximity to the United States, will insure a constant supply. Enjoying all these advantages, I conceive that it would be to the interest of the United States to seek a vent for their surplus produce, by inviting foreigners of every description into their ports; who will be careful to bring
with them only those articles for which we are willing to exchange the commodities of our country. Those foreigners, actuated by a spirit of rivalry for our commerce, may it is true, be frequently engaged in war; a circumstance which will certainly diminish our revenue. But then, let it be recollected, that our citizens will enjoy advantages that more than counterbalance a diminution of revenue. They will experience few of those evils which are entailed by the wars incident to a different system, and be exempted from those losses resulting from the transportation of their produce by sea.
It is well known that China and several nations of India, command extensive coasts, and have many navigable rivers. Why then, have not they been tempted to enter into the Naval system. Why have not they sought the shores of Europe, and contended for the sovereignty of those seas which lead to it? They have timber—they have metals—they have an immense population, and treasures in abundance. But no—they have thought it more advantageous to entice to their ports the Europeans, whose thirst for grain has ever operated more powerfully; and to encourage the consumption of those articles only which are in affinity with their political systems, and for which their produce and manufactures will be received in exchange. Hence it has resulted, that the nations of the East having few incitements to conquest, and no motives for rivalry on the sea—their population has been completed; their maxims have been more closely observed, and their attachments to their governments strengthened.
If the United States persist in the opinion, that they stand in need of a Naval Force, they ought at the same time to direct their attention to the means of preserving an inviolate neutrality, until their population is at least tripled, and their finances augmented, so as to enable them to construct vessels with more facility, and to provide ports which can serve as an asylum, in case of an attack by a superior and enterprising enemy. It has always appeared incomprehensible to me, why Mr. Adams should ever have thought of creating a Naval Force, without having previously, or at least at the same time, provided a safe asylum for it. For if the United States, in so indefensible a condition as at present, should be forced into a war with a Naval power, that very marine which has cost them such vast sums would become the prey of their enemies, and the immense imposts levied on their citizens totally lost.
Common sense points out to us, that it is the policy of Europe, and particularly of England, to prevent the increase of any national importance. We ought, therefore, to be ever watchful, in order to counteract the means which they may employ to effect their object. If the United States persist in their present system, they should immediately construct arsenals in places naturally defensible, and susceptible of all the improvements that fortification can give, together with a good navigation; in a word, places which would afford protection to the vessels already constructed; for in those of easy access, they would infallibly be destroyed. At present the United States possess a number of fine frigates, and are preparing to construct several ships of the line—Suppose then, that any portion of these ships should be encountered on our coast by an enemy of superior force, and should be obliged to seek for safety in a port, pray where would those vessels find a port into which the enemy could not pursue and capture them? It certainly could not be on any of the waters of the Chesapeake; for on them, there is no refuge from a powerful and enterprising enemy.
If it should be observed, that the principal powers of Europe have not always opposed the establishment of Naval Forces by certain nations among themselves, which possess not those advantages of situation that the United States do; let it be recollected, that it is to preserve what they call the balance of power, that Maritime or other forces that are necessary to that equilibrium, are suffered at certain periods to arise—But in regard to North America, the nature of this system is changed—Europe is well acquainted with the situation of the United States, and the advantages resulting from it; she knows the vast resources which they will one day have at their disposal, and which are even now rapidly increasing; and therefore cannot be ignorant of dangers which she will have to encounter, if the prospects of the United States are permitted to be realized so soon as they would be, if they were suffered in tranquility to enjoy those rights to which they are entitled.
The islands of America, and the countries of the southern part of this continent,
are so much exposed by their proximity to the United States, that those powers of Europe to whom they belong, will ever be suspicious of our having some design against them, in proportion to the increase of our maritime force. It would seem then that the dictates of reason forbid us to harbour the idea that Europe would remain tranquil, while we were assuming a posture which threatened her possessions with so much danger;—She would seek for pretexts, if legitimate causes failed her, for involving us in war; by which means she would endeavour to depress, if not put an intire stop to the growing consequences which (if the United States persisted in a Naval system, and succeeded in it) might prove fatal to her. I think, for reasons which I have already advanced, and which I am persuaded will operate for a considerable number of years, that the United States could not adopt a more destructive system, than that which we are treating. They ought to abandon the idea of constructing fleets which besides inspiring ambition, that universal foe to wisdom and justice, often become the means of sapping the foundation of the best of governments, or an hinderance to their duration.
I am fully persuaded, that if the United States wish to live in peace, they ought to confine themselves to those systems which perfectly accord with their particular situation.
If they had attended to the speculations of Jefferson, Franklin, Madison, and others, they would have employed many years that are passed, to a better purpose than meddling with the politics of France or England.
The true policy of the United States, for nearly a century to come, should be to direct their principal attention to one particular point—In every measure which they adopt, they ought to keep in view a period at which their most advantageous commerce will be confined to America in general, whose population even now, amounts to near fifty millions; and let me add the consumption of the southern part of this continent has already become an object of importance. If the United States pursue such conduct, and above all, if the government will cherish the various sources of population, they will facilitate the means of exchanging the manufactured articles which it is presumed they will possess, for the produce & rich metals of the south. Is it not then essential to the United States to prepare for this great object?—And can a better plan be adopted, in order to obtain it, than that of augmenting their population? Thus they will the sooner arrive at the means of establishing manufactures, particularly those of luxuries; since it is true, that among the people of the south, neither economy, nor a taste for simplicity has ever prevailed. The proximity of the United States to all those nations, insures a superiority in the trade which may be carried on with them: and if the Europeans shall, at an after period, dispute that superiority by force, that will be the time when a Marine will become truly useful, and when we can more easily create and support one.
I flatter myself with the idea, that instead of shutting our doors against emigrants from Europe, a system which was carefully pursued under the administration of Mr. Adams, by the help of alien bills, &c. we shall soon adopt the opinions of Mr. Jefferson, both in that respect, and in regard to the augmentation of our population by natural means. It would then be as difficult for Europe to prevent the United States from engrossing the greater part of the commerce of America, as for the inhabitants of Naples to extinguish the volcanoes of the neighbouring mountains.
The truths which I have here slightly touched upon, I propose at a future day to treat in detail. At present, the duties which I owe to my family restrain me.
With the sincerest attachment, believe me to be your obedient servant.
J. H**V****.
The Schooners Dolphin & Kitty. now lying at Mr. Young's Wharf will constantly take freights every three weeks from this to Annapolis or Baltimore. For terms apply to BRO. HAWN and BOYS. Washington July 15, 1802.
LOTS FOR SALE, In the City of Washington. THE SUBSCRIBER offers for Sale a number of valuable Lots beautifully situated between the Capitol and the Eastern Branch. Also a few Lots to be let on lease for ninety nine years in the vicinity of the Navy yard.
WILLIAM PROUT. City of Washington. December 12, 1800. N. B. A few Tons of good Meadow Hay, one Kiln of Bricks, and some Cord wood.
W. P.
BOTTLED PORTER.
THE subscriber wishing to establish himself in the bottling of Porter informs the public in general that he at present has by him for sale at his bottling cellar, corner of Bridge-Street, opposite the Post Office,
Fine Philadelphia Porter, in excellent order—Also,
TAUNTON ALE of the first quality, and CIDER in bottles.
The public may depend upon a ways finding a constant supply at the cellar as above—and he is thankful for favours received.
R. C. STANLEY. George-Town, August 6. 1801.
CIRCULATING LIBRARY.
HUGH SOMERVILLE, Has lately received and is now ready to circulate, a large and valuable collection of NOVELS, History, Romances, Voyages, Travels, &c. which will be lent out to read, by the week, month, quarter, or year, at his Port and residence in a frame building, south side of the Pennsylvania Avenue, near the Hotel bridge, and three new brick buildings, and the building now erecting for the city of Washington market-house, where the terms may be known, and attendance given from nine in the morning till one in the afternoon, and from two till four.
August 18.
By virtue of a decree from the Chancery Court of Maryland, will be exposed to PUBLIC SALE, to the highest bidder, at Mr. William Rhodes's Tavern, on the eighth day of September next, at 11 o'clock in the forenoon (the same being part of the real estate of Abraham Young, deceased)
A LOT of ground situate in the District of Columbia, adjoining the City of Washington; whereon is erected a two story brick house 32 by 36 feet, unfinished; one small frame house in good repair about 12 by 16, one meat house 12 by 12, and one small log house; subject to the widow's right of dower. A credit of 12 months will be given to the purchaser or purchasers, on giving bond with approved security, on interest.
On the ratification of the sale by the chancellor, and on payment of the purchase money, a deed will be made to the person or persons purchasing, conveying all the right, title, interest and estate, belonging to the heirs of Abraham Young deceased.
A Plan of the premises will be shown on the day of sale.
HENRY WHETCROFT, Trustee. Washington City, August 14. 1801.
LAND FOR SALE.
A VALUABLE TRACT OF LAND, LAYING on Mountain Run, in the county of Culpeper, whereon the subscriber now lives, containing 1130 acres and well improved, with buildings for a large and genteel family; orchards, barns, corn houses, &c. a large proportion of meadow-land, which is now in grain; sufficient to cut 50 or 60,000 cwt. of hay annually; 5 or 6 acres of highly improved red clover lots, the first cutting this spring and very luxuriant; the whole of the cleared land in good farming order and in a progressive state of improvement; the tract may with great convenience be divided into two good farms with equal advantages except that of buildings. The buildings on one of them would be small, but might with no great expense be made comfortable for a small family with the necessary buildings now on it, with a very productive garden; convenient to church, court house and three valuable merchant mills two of them within one mile and an half and the other seven and an half miles, immediately on the road leading to Fredericksburg; distant 50 miles from Alexandria and the Federal City; 30 miles from Fredericksburg and Falmouth. As to its healthiness of situation and agreeableness of neighborhood, I am fully persuaded no one will be disappointed in them. Wishing to sell the land to make a more equitable division among my children, and as some of them are young, the payments will be made easy on paying the interest annually; one third or one fourth of the purchase money will be expected on giving possession, which may take place on or about Christmas next, or perhaps sooner if required, with the liberty of feeding this fall. All kinds of stock, plantation utensils, corn, fodder, hay, household and kitchen furniture, except beds, may be had with the plantation: Also a parcel of likely NEGROES in families, who can be well recommended for their honesty, &c. Any person wishing to retire from trade, and set himself in the farming line, will seldom find an opportunity of doing it more to his mind than the present one.
One other tract of nearly 700 acres of Land, laying on the river, 4 or 5 miles above Fredericksburg, known by the name of Sutherland's Tract of land, the greatest part of which is now in wood, containing a quantity of valuable timber, and its vicinity to so thriving a town as Fredericksburg, will render it truly valuable; there is a small plantation on it now in cultivation and may be converted into a small grass farm to great advantage. It is needless to say much on its quality or other advantages, presuming any one wishing to purchase, will choose to satisfy themselves by taking a view of them. The payments for this last tract of land will be one third on giving possession on or about Christmas next, the other two thirds in two equal annual payments. The price of each tract may be known on application to the subscriber, either by letter or otherwise; the price of the latter tract may also be known of Mr. D. J. Grinnan, of Fredericksburg, or my son, living with Mr. Stone, of Fredericksburg.
R. SLAUGHTER, jun. Culpeper, Virg. August 21.