The national intelligencer and Washington advertiser. (Washington City [D.C.]), 1802-02-10 00:00:00

NATIONAL INTELLIGENCER,
AND WASHINGTON ADVERTISER.
VOL. II.
WASHINGTON CITY, PRINTED BY SAMUEL HARRISON SMITH, PENNSYLVANIA AVENUE.
No. CXVII
FIVE DOLLS. PER ANN.
WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 10th, 1802.
PAID IN ADVANCE.
NATIONAL INTELLIGENCER
DOCUMENTS
Accompanying the President's Message in No. 195.
Agent for Indian Factories Office, United States Arsenal on Schuylkill, November 11, 1801.
Sir,
I herewith enclose you a statement of the Indian factories' accounts up to the first of January, 1801, agreeably to returns received from the factories to that period. In June last there was forwarded to the Georgia factory an invoice of merchandise, amounting to five thousand five hundred and twelve dollars, seventy six cents; at the same time one to the Tellico factory, amounting to five thousand two hundred ninety-seven dollars, thirty-three cents; also the articles in the care of Col. Meigs, which I have directed the factor to receive agreeably to your orders, amounting to two thousand six hundred and fifty dollars, thirty one cents. This is the reason for their making the remittances of peltry, &c.
Mr. Wright informs, that the trade at Fort Wilkinson is in a flourishing state and that he has a much greater quantity of peltry to remit this winter than he has ever had before at any one time. Accounts from Mr. Hooker, the factor at Tellico, are not so favorable; he observes in his last letter, "business has been dull for some time past."
Agreeably to the within statements, there is an increase of capital, including one third advance on the original cost of the merchandise remaining at the factories, viz. Of the Georgia factories, fifteen thousand seven hundred forty dollars and eighty three cents; of Tellico factories, three hundred and nine dollars, fifty three cents; which increase on account of both factories would have been much greater, had the peltry been disposed of to advantage in Philadelphia.
Instead of its being sold as soon as received, while it was in good order, it has been deposited in Mr. Tyboit's cellar (the person to whom the furs were entrusted to be made) where a considerable part of it has been suffered to remain until worn-eaten and rotten, and then sold for one half its original cost, and some rendered entirely unfit for sale, has been thrown upon the common.
The great disproportion of gain between the two factories is owing to the mode of transportation to either place, as all the merchandise forwarded to Tellico, as well as the peltry received from there are transported the whole of the way by land, at a high carriage; whereas the remittances to and from the Georgia factory are shipped to Savannah, and from thence forwarded to the factory by waggons; which route renders the freight and land carriage of articles to and from the latter place to less than one third of the cost of transportation on account of the Tellico factory.
(Signed) WILLIAM IRVIN.
The Secretary of War has the honor of submitting for the consideration of the President of the United States, the following statement and observations on the subject of the establishment of trading houses with the Indians; from a careful examination of which it appears,
That Congress in March, 1795, appropriated fifty thousand dollars, and in April, 1796, the additional sum of one hundred and fifty thousand dollars, to be applied, under the direction of the President of the United States, to the purpose of carrying on trade with the Indians; and that in consequence one trading house was opened on the frontiers of Georgia, and another on the boundary between the state of Tennessee and the Cherokee nation; that for these objects the sum of 90,000 dollars only has yet been drawn from the treasury; and that the business of these two houses has been so managed, as from the best information to be obtained, not only to save the original stock from diminution, but even to increase it about three or four per cent.
As far as the system has been carried into operation, it appears to have had a very salutary effect on the minds of the Indians; and there can be little doubt remaining but that a much more extensive distribution of the fund among the several Indian nations, would be attended with all the good effects that were originally contemplated by the government, and might be made without any diminution of the fund.
The several nations of Indians appear extremely desirous of participating in the advantages which result from their
being enabled to procure supplies, made under the immediate direction of the government, from a confidence that they will be fairly and honestly dealt with, and that they will not so frequently be subjected to the inconveniences of travelling a great distance to an uncertain market, and being imposed on in their dealings.
The intercourse which grows out of such establishments has a powerful tendency towards strengthening and confirming the friendship of the Indians to the people and government of the United States, and towards detaching them more and more from the influence of neighboring governments.
All which is respectfully submitted.
(Signed)
H. DEARBORN.
War Department, December, 8, 1801.
STATEMENT.
Of the vessels now belonging to the Navy of the United States, with their present state of equipment, and the service in which they are respectively employed.
FRIGATES.
  United States, } of 44 guns.   Constitution,   President,   Chesapeake,   Philadelphia, } of 36 guns.   Constellation,   Congress,   New-York,   Boston, } of 32 guns.   Essex,   Adams,   John Adams,   General Greene,   of 32 guns, but smaller than the two preceding vessels.
Schooner Enterprise, of 12 guns—retained as a Tender.
The frigates, President, Philadelphia, Essex, and Boston, are cruising in the Mediterranean, for the protection of our commerce against the Tripolitan corsairs. Two of these vessels are expected home, in virtue of orders given the 15th of December last. The terms of service for which the crews of these vessels entered, will expire on or about the 1st of June next.
The Chesapeake, the Constellation and the Schooner Enterprise, destined for the Mediterranean, are nearly in a state of complete preparation for sea. Every necessary order for officering, manning, provisioning, and otherwise equipping them, has been given; and it is presumed, they will be ready to sail on or before the 20th of the ensuing month.
The Constitution, at Boston, and the Adams, at New-York, are undergoing necessary repairs. The repairs of the Constitution will be completed in the course of three months; those of the Adams, will be effected in one month.
The frigates, United States, Congress, New-York, John Adams and General Greene, are dismantled and laid up, in ordinary, in the Eastern Branch. They are officered and manned, agreeably to the quota prescribed by the act entitled "An act, providing for a Naval Peace Establishment." These vessels are in such a state, that they might all be prepared for service, on or before the 1st of March next.
The George Washington failed from Philadelphia in August last, with tributary store for Algiers. On her return to the United States, it is intended to sell her.
Rt. SMITH, Secretary of the Navy. Navy Department, 29th January, 1802.
NOTICE.
WHEREAS it is found from experience that from the delinquency of the parents and guardians of children hitherto sent to Charlotte Hall School, that it becomes necessary to employ a collector to whom a commission of ten per cent. is paid; and whereas it is unreasonable that the Trustees should be burdened with this additional expense of collection when the tuition money is stipulated should be paid in advance—Therefore,
Notice is hereby given,
That the tuition from after the first day of January 1802, be five and an half dollars per quarter, but five dollars per quarter paid in advance will be received in lieu thereof.
Signed by order,
NEALE H. SHAW, Reg.
N. B. A special meeting of the Trustees is requested on the second Monday in March, to take into consideration a Law of the last session of Assembly, respecting said school.
N. H. S. Reg. Feb. 8, 1802. W21
National Intelligencer.
SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES.
TUESDAY, Jan. 19, 1802.
JUDICIARY BILL.
[Mr. Chipman's Speech concluded.]
In the third section of the constitution, is a further provision, 'that the judicial power of the United States shall be vested in one supreme court and in such inferior courts, as the congress may from time to time ordain and appoint.' The highest judicial authority shall not be divided into two courts. It shall, to use a ruder phrase, be one and indivisible. I consider it as imperative to congress to establish not only a supreme court; but also to establish some courts of inferior jurisdiction, which may be modified and extended from time to time as experience and future expedience shall dictate, so that it be without violence to any part of the constitution. The words, "as congress may from time to time, ordain & appoint," were introduced with intent to give a discretion on the subject. The power of erecting courts is here taken for granted, and is contained in the clause before cited from the 2d section supplied by the general clause by which it is declared, that "congress shall have power to make all laws which shall be necessary and proper, for carrying into effect all the powers vested by the constitution in the government of the United States, or in any officer, or department of the government." I cannot understand it, for how is it possible so to understand it? that the words, "may ordain and appoint," their connexion imply also a power to abolish; certainly it is not a necessary implication. That congress are required to make a provision of inferior courts, that the thing is not merely optional, is very clear from another part of this section, declaring to what class the judicial authority of the United States shall be extended. (Read that part of the sect.) Here observe, the supreme court has original jurisdiction in the smaller number only of the cases specified; so that without a provision of inferior courts there would be no provision for the greater number, and the judicial authority, instead of being extended to all the cases enumerated, would in fact be limited to a few only. Let us now examine the provision relating to the judges, which is contained in the former part of this section; a provision intended to secure to the judges a proper degree of independence. It is declared, that "the judges both of the supreme court & inferior courts, shall hold their offices during good behaviour. The judges of all the courts are placed on the same footing. The expression is not, that they shall continue in office, which might seem to be compulsory, but shall hold their offices, implying at their option, during good behaviour. For a judge may resign, he may accept a place incompatible with the office of judge, as he may on election accept the place of senator or representative in congress, by which his office of judge would be vacated by his own act, implying a resignation. The force of the expression clearly is, that no judge either of the supreme or inferior courts, so long as he continues to behave well, can be removed from the office, or the office removed from him by the act of any other. For the expression being general with one only exception, in the nature of a proviso, that he continues to behave well, it is exclusive of every power either to remove the judge from the office, or, as has been ingeniously indeed suggested, of recovering the office from the judge, causing it to vanish from his hold on any other ground or pretence whatever. It is a well known rule, that the expression of an exception in any provision, excludes every exception by implication. Next it follows, 'and shall (the judges shall) at stated times receive for their services a compensation, which shall not be diminished during their continuance in office.' How long shall they continue to receive, or be entitled to receive an undiminished compensation or salary? So long as they shall continue to hold their respective offices. And how long are they entitled to hold their offices? So long as they shall continue to behave well. That is, the duration of the time for which they shall be entitled to receive an undiminished salary shall be equal to the duration of the time for which they are entitled to hold their offices, equal to the duration of the time in which they shall continue to behave well. What rarely happens in subjects of this
nature, the position, that the judges cannot during good behaviour, without a direct violation of the constitution be deprived of holding their offices, or of receiving their salaries, is capable of the highest proof, not merely by a train of probable and metaphysical reasoning, but by the clearest and plainest mathematical demonstration. It is a comparison of quantities in the duration of time; or shall it now for the first time be said, that when one quantity, or one length of duration is equal to a second, and the second to a third, that nevertheless they are not equal each to the other? Have intuitive truths at length changed their nature? Are they in these times inverted to falsehoods? Have the clearest axioms of ancient science suffered a revolutionary subversion? No sir, they remain the same; they are still capable of assisting us to the same infallible conclusions.
The honorable gentleman from Kentucky has told us, that if the construction against which he contended had been contemplated by the framers of the constitution, it would have been explicitly declared; that the judges shall hold their offices and salaries during good behaviour; fairly admitting, that a declaration thus explicit would have been conclusive for the construction of his opponent. Surely it will not be contended, that the idiom of the English language is so inflexible, and its interpretation so precise, that identical positions to be equally clear and explicit, can be expressed by identical words and phrases only. Had the expression been, they shall hold their offices and receive their salaries during good behaviour; would not the meaning have been the same and equally expressive? Indeed the word hold, though well applied to an office, is not very properly applied to taking the payment of a salary. Or had it been, 'they shall hold their offices during good behaviour, and while they continue in office, which is to be during good behaviour, they shall continue to receive their salaries which shall not during that time be diminished,' it certainly would have been a declaration equally explicit with that suggested by the gentleman. And this it has been clearly and demonstrably proved, is the same as that which is expressed in the constitution.
I will here, sir, though it might perhaps have been more properly done before, make a few observations on the independence of the judiciary. It has been laid by some gentlemen in effect, that though the judges ought to be independent of the executive, though they ought not to hold their offices or salaries, dependent on the will of the President, yet, in a government like ours, there can be no reason why they should not like the other departments of the government, be dependent on public opinion, & on congress as properly representing that opinion. That if the judges are made thus independent, if congress cannot remove them by abolishing their offices or in any other way, except that of impeachment for misbehaviour, they will become a dangerous body in the state; they may by their discussions on the constitutionality of a law obstruct the most important measures of government for the public good. Unfortunately for the argument, this doctrine agrees neither with the nature of our government, which is not vested with the unlimited national sovereignty, but from that derives its powers, nor with the positive and solemn declaration of the constitution. That constitution is a system of powers, limitations and checks. The legislative power is there limited, with even more regarded caution than the executive; because not capable of a check by impeachment, and because it was apprehended, that left unlimited and uncontrolled, it might be extended to dangerous encroachments on the remaining state powers. But to what purpose are the powers of congress limited by that instrument? To what purpose is it declared to be the supreme law of the land, and as such, binding on the courts of the United States, and of the several States, if it may not be applied to the derivative laws to test their constitutionality? Shall it be only called in to enforce obedience to the laws of congress, in opposition to the acts of the several states, and even to their rightful powers! Such cannot have been the intention. But, sir, it will be in vain long to expect from the judges, the firmness and integrity to oppose a constitutional decision to a law either of the national legislature, or to a law of any of the several States, unless it should interfere with a law of congress; if such a decision is to be made at the risk of office and salary, of public character, and the means of subsistence.
And such will be the situation of your judges, if congress can by law or in any other way except by way of impeachment, deprive them of their offices and salaries on any pretence whatever. For it will be remembered, that the legislative powers of the several states as well as those of congress, are limited by the constitution. For instance they are prohibited as well as congress, to pass any bill of attainder or ex post facto law. The decisions of the judges upon such laws, and such decisions they have already been called upon to make, may raise against them even in congress the influence of the most powerful states in the Union. In such a situation of the judges, the constitutional limitation on the legislative powers, can be but a dead letter. Better would it be they were even expunged.
Thus, sir, it appears, that the independence of the judges, even of congress in their legislative capacity, is agreeable to the nature of our government, to the whole tenor as well as the express letter of the constitution. But, sir, at this late stage of the debate I will not farther enlarge; I will only add that upon these principles, and with these views of the subject, I shall give a hearty negative to the resolution on your table.
Mr. COLHOUN, of South-Carolina—Much time, Mr. President, has been spent in the important debate on the resolution before you; great ingenuity, great abilities, and much eloquence have been displayed on the occasion, by gentlemen on both sides of the question, and the subject presented in almost every possible point of view. For me, therefore, at this late stage of the debate to rise, for the first time in this House, on a subject of such magnitude and intricacy, already so ably discussed, and expected to throw much light on the subject, or find much new ground to tread on, would be presumptuous. But, thinking as I do, that the present question, both in principle and in its consequences, is of the highest importance to the union; under this impression, under this conviction, I should be unfaithful to my own feelings, were I to give a silent vote on the occasion. If I can, therefore, throw but the weight of a feather in the scale that I think ought to preponderate, I shall think myself justified in doing so. But, sir, the subject has been so much exhausted, as well as the patience of the House, that I shall endeavour to be as concise as possible, and draw into as narrow a circle as so extensive a subject will admit, the leading features of the case, which I apprehend, should have most weight in deciding the question. First then I shall endeavor to shew, that the present resolution in its effects is repugnant to the express letter and spirit of the constitution—And secondly, I shall contrast the obvious and natural consequences that will arise from agreeing to the resolution, with those that would follow, should we disagree. On the first point, the most important, as well as the most proper question is, have we power under the federal constitution to repeal the late act of Congress, so far as it respects the office and salary of the judges appointed under that act? If by the letter and express words of the constitution we have not that power, then farther reasoning on the subject would be unnecessary, and arguments drawn from expediency or inexpediency would be useless and irrelevant to the question.
I am not, sir, disposed to advocate the late judiciary system in all its modifications, as I think it imperfect and not adequate to the purposes intended, and that it is not such an arrangement of the judiciary as ought to have been adopted. But, as it has got into existence, and is in operation, and the judges appointed under the act, commissioned, agreeable to the constitution, during good behaviour; the ground is now changed; and although previous to the adoption of the act, opposition to the inexpediency of the measure would have been right, would have been proper; yet now under existing circumstances, as the law has passed and the constitution has attached to the office of the judges appointed under it, durability of office co-extensive with good behaviour, to amend would be proper, but to repeal the act, at least so far as it affects the judges, would be unconstitutional; for I am of opinion, that as soon as their appointments were completed and their commissions during good behaviour received, that then their offices as judges were completely beyond the reach of legislative power; and that the present resolution in its operation, as it respects the office of the judges, is unconstitutional, and ought to be agreed to.

Permit me here, Sir, to define the legal rule of explaining a deed, a law, or constitutional point, and then to apply the part of the constitution in question to that rule. The rule of law is, to make such an exposition of the section or clause under consideration, as will comport with the plain meaning, when the words are taken in their common and usual acceptation, agreeable to the English language; if the clause is composed of dubious and uncertain expressions that will admit of different meanings, or if several parts of the instrument seem to contradict or be repugnant to each other, then the rule is, to make such a construction, if possible, as will be consistent with reason and agreeable to the intention and purview of the whole instrument taken together. I think I am correct on the rule of law; let us now examine the parts of the constitution connected with the present subject, and apply to them the rules of law; amongst the detailed powers of the legislature under the 8th sec. of the 1st art. of the constitution, we find the following, to wit: "To constitute tribunals inferior to the Supreme Court."
If this was the only clause giving the power to establish the inferior courts, I would readily grant, that the legislature could make the law and at pleasure repeal it, and that the judges, as to the tenure of their office under the act, would be at the will of the legislature, the existence of the law determining the office of the judge, precisely in the same manner, and on the same footing, as of the secretary of state, the secretary of the treasury, and the secretary of the navy. But the subject is more fully expressed and explained under the proper head, in the 1st sec. of the 3d article of the constitution, where it says, "The judicial power of the United States shall be vested in one supreme court, and in such inferior courts as Congress may from time to time ordain and establish. The judges both of the supreme and inferior court, shall hold their offices during good behaviour; and shall, at stated times, receive for their services a compensation, which shall not be diminished during their continuance in office."
Here the intention of the Constitution is explicit, and cannot be doubted; plainer words and a more clear constructed sentence cannot be penned. "The judges, both of the supreme and inferior courts, shall hold their offices during good behaviour." We all fully and at once understand what is meant by good behaviour in a judge, the oath he takes and the very nature of his office show it; to act with justice, integrity, ability, and honor, and to administer justice speedily and impartially, is good behaviour; if he acts contrary, it would be misbehaviour, and the constitution in that case has given a remedy by impeachment. If the clause therefore admits a certain, clear and consistent construction, and no other part of the constitution contains any article contradictory to it, which I contend is the case, the construction given by the gentlemen on the other side, being by implication only, and that against the plain and express words of the clause, will not be warranted by the principles of law; for if the constitution is paramount to an act of the legislature, then to hold an office during good behaviour, and during the pleasure of the legislature, are synonymous terms, it must be so for the act would be repugnant to the constitution. The Constitution on the face of it appears to have been drawn with precision and correctness, nothing superfluous, nothing difficult. Had the convention intended the construction now insisted for by the favorers of the resolution, to wit: That the judges of the inferior courts hold their offices not during good behaviour, but at the will of the legislature; an explanatory clause after the words "good behaviour" would have been necessary and should have been inserted, to this effect: "Provided always, that the judges of such inferior courts shall hold their offices only during the existence of the law under which they may be appointed." By the clearness with which every part of the constitution has been penned, it is right, it is fair, by analogy of reasoning, to say, that as no such provision is inserted, no such supposed construction was intended, and that therefore the plain letter and spirit of the Constitution must prevail. But, if possible to make the matter more clear and conclusive, I beg indulgence, whilst I state three collateral arguments which greatly strengthen and inforce the construction, which I advocate, of that part of the Constitution. The first is, that all enlightened statesmen, at least since the American Revolution, with concurrent testimony agree, that the judiciary ought to be kept separate from, and independent of, the legislative and executive powers; that without this check and control, there could be no true and rational liberty. Secondly, that the framers of the constitution, who were themselves amongst the best informed and most distinguished citizens of the Union, intended to keep them distinct and separate, as the three great divisions and supporting pillars of the constitution; this appears from the distinct way they assigned each on the instrument. And thirdly, part of the 1st sec. of the
3d Article, the legislature have no power to lessen a judge's salary, even to the amount of one cent. This restriction must refer to the legislature, as they alone have control over the funds of the government, for the rule of law is, "that is certain, which can be rendered certain." If therefore this clause restrains the legislature from even diminishing the salary of the judge, a fortiori, it prevents the removal from the office itself, as the words composing the whole clause are equally plain and expressive. Thus then it appears at least to me, by the plain and obvious construction of the words of the constitution, confirmed, and explained by the makers of it, that all the judges have a right to hold their offices during good behaviour, and that the legislature as a creature of that constitution, cannot by any legislative act, remove them. The gentlemen, who advocate the resolution, in support of the measure, say, that Virginia, Maryland, and the last congress afford examples of a legislature abolishing courts, and removing from office judges, who under a constitution held their appointments, as in the present case, during good behaviour. Let us examine the fact and see if they apply. Virginia had a general court, with common law jurisdiction, which extended throughout their state, a court of chancery with equitable jurisdiction, equally extensive, and a court of admiralty; the judges of these three courts, constituted the court of appeals. About the year 1787, the legislature of that State found it necessary to establish circuit courts, and in the laws enacted, that "the judges of the court of appeal, should be the circuit court judges." This law the judges refused to execute as unconstitutional, and laid, they considered themselves as forming one of the three pillars on which the great fabric of government was erected, and that, when this pillar was endangered, a resignation would subject them to the reproach of deserting their stations, and betraying the sacred interests of society intrusted with them; that the propriety and necessity of the independence of the judges, is evident in reason and the nature of their office, and that this applies more forcibly to exclude a dependence on the legislature, a branch of whom, in cases of impeachment, is itself a party. This was the opinion formed on the law, by the then judges who were some of the ablest lawyers, & greatest statesmen in the Union. I believe the event was, they protested against the law as unconstitutional, resigned their offices, had the resignations recorded, and afterwards were appointed circuit judges. If this statement is correct, which I presume in substance it is; can it be said, that it affords an example that would justify, or in the smallest degree support the principles of the resolution? In the case of Maryland, I have not had full information, therefore, cannot decide. In the case of Tennessee and Kentucky, the district courts were abolished; the judges were not removed from office; but by law continued as circuit court judges with additional duties and additional salary of 500 dollars each. They neither vacated their office, nor had to take a new oath or new commission; therefore in this case, there was no violation of the constitution. But to sum the business up, the case of Virginia, is against them; the case of Kentucky and Tennessee, not in point, and Maryland, should it afford an example, is the only and solitary one. But let us now suppose for argument sake, though the fact is otherwise, that half of the States in the Union passed such laws; if those laws are founded on wrong and unconstitutional ground, should they be a precedent for us? Surely not. If they were founded in error, we ought to correct and not continue the error. Some gentlemen have said, although we cannot remove the judge from the office, yet we can remove the office from the judge. To me, this is a paradox in legislation. Do we mean to act indirectly, what we would not profess to do openly and directly? Are the gentlemen prepared to meet this question in all its consequences? Let me suppose they are, and sketch a law founded on the consequences of their repealing act, and exhibit the case in its real and true light. In framing a law the preamble should state facts, and explain the reasons for passing the act. Suppose then, we should introduce, instead of their present repealing law, the following, viz. Whereas A, B, C, &c. the sixteen federal judges appointed under the late act of congress; although, they have been commissioned during good behaviour, and have discharged the duties of the office, with integrity, ability and honor, yet, we the legislature in congress assembled, finding their number to be more than we judge necessary for the administration of justice to the good people of the United States, and deeming the law under which they act not the best possible system that could be adopted, and thinking also, that the public good requires, that the judges of the inferior courts should not hold their offices during good behaviour, but should hold them at the will of the legislature: Be it therefore enacted, &c. that the said sixteen federal judges shall be, and they hereby
are removed and discharged from their respective offices as judges, and shall not be entitled to any compensation or salary after the passing of this act. This act and preamble would be in truth only what the repealing act in its effects intended, and will naturally produce. Are we prepared to vote for a law in this form, with all the true reasons stated on the face of the act, and to wish that publicity should be given to it amongst our constituents, as an act that completely destroys the independence of their judges? For the removal of the judges, I may venture to assert, is the great object of the repeal; and in this consists the injury, from the legislature assuming a power, without giving any reason in the act, as in the present case, to repeal at pleasure any law establishing an inferior court, and by that means dismissing the judges from office. Party spirit, caprice, or personal dislike, would be sufficient cause of removal from office; the judges would know this, and perhaps some of them soon feel it. Let us suppose, and it is even supposable, that a cause came on before one of the dependent judges, between an influential member of congress and a poor and obscure citizen; would any person say, that the parties stood on equal ground, and that the scales of justice hung equal between them? It would be almost beyond human nature, for this dependent judge to be impartial, especially, if his salary was the only means of subsistence, and men of great abilities and well fitted for the office, might be in that situation, for a wise man tells us, that "the race is not always to the swift, nor riches to men of understandings." So fully am I convinced, that the judges ought to be independent of the legislature as well as of the executive, that if there could be a doubt that they are not fully and completely so, the constitution ought to be amended for that express purpose. Hitherto the judges have supposed themselves independent, and the people have acquiesced under that belief, and ought, and do wish their judges to be independent. One or two observations will prove their opinion on this point. All the States in the Union have in their several constitutions made their judges independent. The people at large in every state, having sent members to their respective conventions, those conventions having fixed the conditional durability of office in their judges, and the people uniformly acquiescing under their system, afford sufficient evidence of the public sentiment. Besides, in the case of Mr. chief justice Jay, when appointed envoy extraordinary to the court of great Britain; was not opposition to the appointment, echoed from one end of the continent to the other? That the example was dangerous, it put the judges under the influence of the executive; that although the prospect of an honorary appointment, within the gift of the president, was remote, yet, it might influence and lessen their independence. If then the people were so alive and quick in feeling, when the causes of alarm were so remote and contingent; what will, what must be their opinion, when they find out, that the judges, from being independent, by holding their offices during good behaviour, are reduced to the servile situation of holding the office at the will, at the caprice, of a legislature? Is the public mind prepared for a shock of this kind? Shall the legislature with a strong arm, and by an assumed power, destroy their independence, and thereby, their existence as one of the pillars of the constitution! In this situation of your judiciary, will the streams of justice flow equally to the habitation of the rich, and the cottage of the poor? No man who knows human nature, will answer in the affirmative.
Let us now for a moment examine the consequences of giving a negative to the present resolution. If the resolution is not agreed to, what are the dreadful and fatal consequences that would follow? I answer, the worst that can possibly happen, is the annual payment of about thirty thousand dollars, the salaries of all your circuit court judges, who do the whole business of these circuits throughout all parts of the Union. Their number will neither impede justice, nor injure the principle or execution of it. It is not in controversy, the right of the legislature to arrange and modify all the courts of justice, so as to make them best answer the distribution of justice with convenience to the citizens; the whole judiciary can be systematized & put on the best and most respectable footing, without violating your constitution. If the circuit court judges are too numerous, lay in your revising law, when vacancies happen, that such vacancies shall not be filled up, until the whole are removed, or as many of them as it may be necessary to remove. Thus the evil would be continually remedying itself, and at no very remote period would be totally removed, and that without any interference with the constitution.
On the other hand, should the resolution be carried; what are the evils that would result? Your judges in that case would hold their offices at the will of the legislature, and be their mere creatures, subservient to all their whims, caprice, and party spirit, would cease to
be a check or barrier, between them and the people, in cases of unconstitutional acts and abuse of power; it would also produce, agreeable to the course of human nature, a servile disposition, which by degrees would enervate the mind, and completely in process of time destroy that manly independence and firmness, so essential to an upright and good judge.
If then the evils, as I have stated, would be greater from adopting the resolution, than those that would result from passing a negative on it. And we add to that balance, at least the doubt of its being against the constitution; and that this doubt is well founded, is evident, from the nearly equal divided opinions of the members within the walls of the Senate and by the sentiments of thousands throughout the United States of the ablest statesmen and best citizens.—Let us then, on this, at least precarious and doubtful ground, tread light and step with caution; for to destroy the independence of the judges, is wounding the constitution in a vital part, it is removing one of the main pillars that supports it.—If we begin to infringe the constitution in one instance, we may in another, and by slow and almost imperceptible degrees, alter all the great and leading principles of it, until at last, the substance would be gone, and the shadow only remain; for like a body of water, if one drop makes its passage, the whole stream will soon follow.
Mr. Colhoun then went at some length into a full statement of the duties and jurisdictions of the supreme, circuit and district courts; shewed where he thought them defective, and pointed out the practicable amendments necessary to make a complete and uniform judiciary; he urged that such amendments would produce a system much preferable to either the present or former, and would render the present motion for a repeal unnecessary. This statement he gave preparatory to his motion, which was "Resolved, that a committee be appointed to enquire, if any, and what alterations are necessary in the federal judiciary system." This gave rise to a verbal amendment, moved by Mr. Dayton, to the original resolution, on which the question was taken.
Public Auction.
By virtue of a decree from the honorable the high court of Chancery, the subscriber will sell on Tuesday the 23d February next, at the mansion of the late major Richard Chew,
ALL the real estate of the said Richard Chew—Consisting of about 1220 acres of land in one body, situate in Ann Arundel County, lying on the Chesapeake Bay, and forms the mouth of Herring Bay, twenty miles from Annapolis, fifty from Baltimore, and thirty-five from the City of Washington. This land is as rich and fertile as any on the Chesapeake, affords the most luxuriant pasture, has a large proportion of meadow land, and the greatest abundance of fire wood and timber; and for ship building the best timber on the Chesapeake may be had on this land; the situation is healthy, and a beautiful prospect as any on the Bay; a good harbour, and the waters lying around the land afford the greatest abundance of excellent fish, crabs, oysters, and wild fowl. The improvements are valuable, consisting of a large two story brick dwelling house, with four rooms and a commodious passage on each floor, with excellent cellars under the whole house, a large and elegant garden laid on with walls, a good kitchen, and almost every other necessary outhouse. The very convenient situation of this land must be obvious to every person wishing to purchase, as the wood, timber, and the whole product of this land, can be removed from thence by water, and that in a few hours, to the markets of Annapolis and Baltimore. A more minute description of this valuable property is thought unnecessary, as any person wishing to purchase, can view the same by applying to Doctor Richard Chew, who resides thereon or to Mr. Richardson L. Chew, living within a few miles of it. The terms of sale are, that the purchasers, shall either, pay down one sixth part of the purchase money on the day of sale, or give bond with security for the payment of the same, on the chancellor's ratification, which will be in four weeks after return of the sale is to him made by the Trustee. For the residue a bond or bonds are to be given with security on interest, to be approved of by the chancellor, payable in two equal annual payments; and on the receipt of the whole of the purchase money, the subscriber, by a good deed, intended, will give, grant, bargain, sell and confirm to the purchaser, or purchasers, his, her or their heirs, the land sold to them; and all the right, title, interest, and estate, therein and thereto, of the said Richard Chew, or his heirs, or any person claiming by, from, or under them.
It is further ordered by the chancellor that the creditors of the said deceased, who have not yet exhibited their claims, shall file the same in the chancery court, with the vouchers thereof, before the first day of June next.
J. WILKINSON, Trustee. Feb. 1, 1802. TWIS
Just Published
And for sale at Mr. Duane's Book Store, a pamphlet, entitled "Reflections on Government, Philosophy, and Education," CONTAINING also some remarks on female education, prefatory to a series of essays explanatory of the course of instruction adopted in the Stevensburg Academy. By JAMES OGILVIE, Instructor of youth in the Stevensburg Academy. Jan. 18, 1802. cpgt
Translated for the Mercantile Advertiser from the "BULLETIN official De St. Domingue, of the 14th January.
In the name of the French Colony of St. Domingo.
ADDRESS.
Toussaint Louverture, Governor of St. Domingo, to the inhabitants of that colony.
Citizens, I am informed that there are among you some insidious persons, one of whom has just been arrested, who delight in disorder, provoke the disunion of the citizens and the disorganization of the actual state of things; who, jealous of all I have done for the prosperity of this colony, seem to aim at nothing else than to let the country deluged with the blood of Frenchmen.
Since the news of the peace between France and England, which cannot be considered as certain, as long as government has not announced it to me officially, these evil-minded persons have circulated a report, that France will come with thousands of men to annihilate the colony and liberty. They scruple not to say, before officers and soldiers, who, from the beginning of the revolution, have shed their blood for the triumph of liberty and prosperity of this island, that France will come to subdue them, that she will again throw the soldiers into bondage, and destroy the officers? How can they make use of such language? Do they think that France will without motive destroy her children of St. Domingo, who equally conquerors of their external and internal enemies, have preserved this colony to her; and, snatching it from the hands of anarchy, have rendered it flourishing; that she would finally, pay with ingratitude men who have never ceased to deserve well of her? Happily, this wish, loudly manifested by corrupt men, is not that of the greatest part of the citizens. Amidst the forrows occasioned by their bad intentions, it is consoling to me, that I can say unto myself, "There are amongst the inhabitants of this colony, worthy proprietors, well meaning people, and good fathers of families, who take no share in their corruption, are equally friends of the colony as of France, attached alike to liberty and to the prosperity of St. Domingo, and whose only wish is peace, which alone can restore this colony to its ancient splendor." They shall not be deceived by the hope they have placed in me and in my companions in arms; they always will find in us eager protectors, friends, and zealous defenders. But you shall not find the protection; our scorn is all you will obtain from us; you, who in order to kindle amongst us the fire of discord, ascribe to the French government liberticidal intentions and projects of destruction; who, to give it plausibility, confidently assert that government would not send me my children when I asked for them, because it intended keeping them as hostages, until it could effectuate its designs on this island; who, to sour the minds of the citizens, and increase the number of the wicked, report with the same impudence, that government will collect all the men of colour, and all the blacks who are in France, to send them to St. Domingo and march them at the head of the army which is to be sent, as you say, to annihilate us. It is true, I have sent for my children, who are not yet arrived; but though I am very sorry for this delay, because I only asked for property lawfully my own, I am nevertheless very far from entertaining the same thoughts as the malevolent do. More confident in the principles of the honor and equity of the French government, it never will enter into my heart to suppose it capable of the projects you impute to it.—Persons of good faith, those attached to the prosperity of this country, impartial men who will reflect on what you advance, will not believe either that when France abandoned this colony to herself, at a time when her enemies were disputing who should possess it, that she would, now that her own children have cleared it of its enemies, send hither an army to destroy men who have not ceased to serve her well, and to occasion the annihilation of the proprietors, and the properties of the colony. They will feel that such a project could be the work of none but the enemies of St. Domingo, who, like you, are jealous of its happiness; by men, in short, who have not shared in the troubles of those who have fought the enemies of the republic, or concurred in restoring tranquility, order and public prosperity. But should the injustice which you attribute to the French government, be real, it is enough for me to tell you, that a child who knows the rights which nature has given over him to the authors of his existence, will shew himself obedient and submissive towards his father and mother; and if regards less to his submission and obedience, his father and mother are so unnatural as to persist in annihilating him, there remains nothing to do for the child, but to resign his vengeance into the hands of God. I am a soldier; I dread not man; I fear God only. If death must ensue, I shall die

like a soldier of honour, who has nothing were with to reproach himself.
In the mean time, should that happen with which we are threatened by malevolence, I shall not the less continue, as usual, and conformably to the constitution, to cause persons and properties to be respected; to make the colony prosper, and to protect all individuals; but while the greatest protection shall be granted to peaceable men, it is my duty to pursue the mischievous and disturbers of public repose. In compliance therewith, the constituted authorities of the colony, are invited to denounce to me all those who either by words or conduct, disturb the good order and tranquility we now enjoy, that I may give directions for their deportation, as being unworthy to remain in a country they would wish to overthrow. I likewise recommend to all generals and commandants of the departments and districts, the full and entire execution of my proclamation of the 3d Frimaire, and to meditate well all its parts, in order not to be misled in the dispositions which it contains.
Brave military men, generals, officers, sub-officers, and soldiers, do not listen to evil-minded people, who are never better pleased than when they see you perform what is wrong in order to have a pretext for dishonoring you. Attached to the soil of this colony, rally round your chief that it may flourish and be preserved in its present state of prosperity. Always in the path of honor, I will show you the way you ought to pursue. You are soldiers; it becomes you, as faithful observers of subordination and of all military virtues, to conquer or die at your post.
The present address shall be printed, read and published wherever it shall be deemed expedient, transcribed on the registers of the administrative and judiciary bodies, and forwarded all over the colony.
At Port-Republicain, 29th Frimaire, year 10th, of the French Republic, one and indivisible.
(Signed) TOUSSAINT LOUVERTURE, the Governor of St. Domingo.
GOVERNOR'S MESSAGE.
To the Senate and House of Representatives, of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania.
Gentlemen,
I have read and considered the act of the General Assembly, entitled "An act declaring the holding of offices or appointments under this state, incompatible with the holding or exercising offices or appointments under the United States;" I have reconsidered and deliberated most seriously on its operation, and do not approve of it. I have directed it to be returned to the House of Representatives in which it originated, together with my objections, which are as follows to wit:
1. Since the present constitution of Pennsylvania was established, on the second day of September, 1790, until this period, no complaint or application has been made by petition or otherwise, to any branch of our government, suggesting that any officer under the government of the United States, or member of Congress held, an office in this state, that was supposed to have a tendency to affect the sovereignty or freedom thereof, from which I conclude that the separation made by the constitution, between the government of the United States, and of this state, with respect to the administration of their respective powers, has been carried far enough, and is perfectly satisfactory to the people.
2. I cannot conceive a reason, for introducing such an act at this time, when the good people of this commonwealth can entertain no apprehensions of a will, of the present providential and most fortunate representation in the Executive and Legislative departments of our national government, to impair the constitutional sovereignty of the individual states.
It appears to me to intimate an unreasonable jealousy and distrust, not only of the virtuous and great chief magistrate of the union, but also of the chief magistrate of Pennsylvania, both chosen by the people themselves, and known to be unequivocally disposed to secure and promote their happiness.
3. Because a few months ago I per-suaded a gentleman, not less distinguished for probity than talents, to accept the commission of recorder of the city of Philadelphia, during his good behavior, though then attorney of the United States for the eastern district of Pennsylvania, in the holding of which, at the same time, I am not happy enough to discover any collision or incompatibility, and therefore it must appear very extraordinary indeed, in me, to co-operate in an act that declares his commission shall not only be vacated, but if he exercises the office for a time, he shall be considered as a criminal, when there has not been, nor can be even the slightest suggestion of malfeasance or incapacity.
4. There are at present, in my recollection, but two gentlemen of this state, who have been appointed by me, that can be affected by the act, one has been men-
tioned, another a member of Congress, was lately appointed resident-physician at the lazaretto. What possible evil can arise to Pennsylvania from these appointments I do not comprehend, especially when it is considered that these gentlemen have been distinguished for patriotism, talents, and attachment to our revolutionary and republican principles. It will be very difficult to find a gentleman of the law qualified for office of recorder of the city of Philadelphia that has not been admitted to practice in some of the courts of the United States; and all such are excluded by this act; nor can I perceive the danger to be apprehended for the liberties of the state, from the same person officiating as constable, &c. under both branches of our government.
5. I conceive the act to be not only unnecessary and inexpedient, but in the precedent alarming to all persons holding offices during good behavior. The tenure of such commissions ought not to depend on every gale that blows. The Legislature cannot vacate or impair a contract solemnly made between the commonwealth and an individual. Having, even the power, will not sanction it. Besides, as at present advised, I very much doubt its constitutionality. The office may be abolished in many cases, but the officer cannot be removed without being convicted of a misdemeanor in office, unless, where otherwise specially provided in our state constitution; and I cannot, from a confidence in the legal knowledge, integrity and fortitude of my former brethren in the supreme court, risk my character in a judicial decision on this question; when I do not foresee any advantage to be derived to my country from a possibility of success. What conscience warns me not to do, I must avoid, however anxious to gratify a legislature, by me so much respected and esteemed.
THOMAS M'LEAN. Lancaster Feb. 3d, 1802.
WASHINGTON CITY.
WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 10, 1802.
Extract of a letter from William Kirkpatrick, Esqr. to the Secretary of State, dated at Malaga, Sept 22, 1802.
"I am happy in having it at last in my power to announce to you, that the rigorous quarantine, which has been imposed for near a twelve month past on all vessels from America, has at last been reduced to ten days, which is a great alleviation to our merchant vessels trading to this country."
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, U. S.
On MONDAY the House of Representatives were engaged in discussing a motion made by Mr. GILES, for repealing the acts for the establishment, &c. of the MINT.
The House being in committee of the whole, Mr. RUTLEDGE moved that the committee rise, in order that the resolution should be referred to a select committee.
This motion was supported by Messrs. Rutledge, Griswold, Dana, Elmer, Mitchell, Bayard, and Dennis; and opposed by Messrs. Bacon, S. Smith, Randolph, Giles, and Macon.
On the question, the motion for rising was lost—Yeas 33—Nays 54.
The resolution was then agreed to, and reported to the House; when Mr. RUTLEDGE renewed his motion for a reference of it to a select committee, which, after a debate that was protracted to 5 o'clock, was lost—Yeas 33—Nays 54.
The House then concurred with the committee of the whole; and a committee was appointed to bring in a repealing bill.
(Debate in our next.)
The Speaker informed the House that he had received a confidential Communication from the President of the United States—the reading whereof was postponed until the next day.
Mr. D. HEISTER reported a bill supplementary to an act entitled, "An act more effectually to provide for the national defence, by establishing an uniform militia throughout the United States;" which was read twice, and made the order for Thursday next.
On TUESDAY a confidential communication from the President of the United States was read with closed doors.
The House went into committee of the whole, Mr. VARNUM in the chair, on the bill making partial appropriations for the year 1802, which was reported with an amendment, agreed to by the House, and ordered to be engrossed for a third reading to-morrow.
An engrossed bill, to allow drawback of duties on goods exported to New-Orleans, &c. was read a third time, and passed—Yeas 45—Nays 24.
The House went into committee of the whole, Mr. John C. SMITH in the chair, on the bill for the relief of Samuel H. Howard, and other officers of the courts of Maryland.
A choice of Federal Representative, in the first Eastern District, Massachusetts, was not made at the last trial. The votes were, for Orchard Cook, 755; Nathaniel Dummer 193; Martin Kingsley, 575; and Phineas Bruce, 120.
FOR THE NATIONAL INTELLIGENCER
Mr. SMITH, An anonymous writer in your paper of Feb. 1st. has repeated his attack upon Mr. Tracy respecting document No. 8, which accompanied the President's message, and contains a statement of the business in the federal courts.
When Mr. Tracy is attacked by name, and in his official conduct is accused of "palpable errors," he claims the right of self defence; and if your press is open for the attack, he expects it will, a fortiori, admit the defence.
The President in his message, speaking of congress says, "and that they may be able to judge of the proportion which the institution bears to the business it has to perform, I have caused to be procured from the several States, and now lay before congress an exact statement of all the causes decided since the first establishment of the courts, and of those depending when additional courts and judges were brought in to their aid."
The two prominent points are, the causes decided, and those depending. Upon a cursory view of the document, Mr. Tracy discovered several important errors in both.
In the debate, he mentioned, Maryland as entirely omitted, and the causes in Tennessee, Virginia, and North-Carolina, as erroneously stated, to the amount of 5 or 600; and added, that there were errors also in the statements of New-York and Massachusetts. In your paper of the 25th January, an anonymous writer has given to these declarations of Mr. Tracy a flat denial, and further has made a bold assertion, that the omissions stated in the debate, were actually and visibly contained in the very pages of the document referred to by Mr. Tracy. In your paper of the 29th of January, by an exemplification of the document itself, it is shown that Mr. Tracy, had stated the mistakes correctly, and that in addition to them, the causes in the district of South-Carolina were erroneously stated.
This exemplification was too forcible to be flatly denied, even by this anonymous writer; yet, anxious to say the last word, has come forth in the paper of Feb. 1st. with some curious remarks, which excite pity rather than indignation.
His first remarks were derived, he says, from an examination in the Secretary of State's office before it was undertaken to lay these documents before the public. As Mr. Tracy had nothing to guide him, but the document itself, as laid before the public, and although this writer, in his remarks of the 25th of January, made a direct reference to the pages of the document, yet, now he says, he was not guided by it at all, but by previous information, owing to his intimacy with the office of state; he is requested now to look at the document which has been undertaken to be laid before the public, and he will discern that Mr. Tracy was correct.
Mr. Tracy has neither been detected nor guilty of "palpable errors" with respect to Virginia and North-Carolina; the errors are precisely as he stated them to be in the debate; he has set up no "new charge" against them; they are, (as at first alledged) manifest on the face of the document.
Maryland is entirely omitted, and Tennessee and New-York incorrect as to depending causes. Virginia, North-Carolina, Massachusetts and South-Carolina, are instances of error in respect to decided causes; and when it was discovered that there were many errors in the document, Mr. Tracy thought its authenticity was shaken, and that it became of no use as an "exact statement" even as to causes depending at the institution of the new courts.—After being driven from every subterfuge, as to the correctness of the document No. 8, it is now acknowledged to be a little defective; but it is owing to a naughty clerk, and not to the President. Pray, Sir, who has attributed these mistakes to the President?—Not Mr. Tracy surely.
But this writer has made one marvelous discovery how to palliate mistakes, and that is to deduct one from another, and acknowledge only the balance.—It will easily be seen that the mistakes in one state, if amended, can never rectify those in another, or have the smallest influence upon them.
It might possibly show, though in this case it does not, that there was no intention to deceive; but it will be remembered that no intentional error was charged upon any man.—Let this writer beware, least the document be in more peril from its defender than it can be from any assailant. The researches have already brought to light not only a little more than his balance of 10 suits, but a great deal more. This writer says, that this document states the number of depending causes for each district in exact conformity to the returns of clerks, and that care was bestowed upon this statement. How was Mr. Tracy to know all this?
His means of knowledge must be derived from the document itself, and that he found apparently and really erroneous, both in respect to depending and decided causes; the only two points of use, for which it was produced by the President.
One word as to the errors being chargeable upon the President:—The words of his message are, "I have caused to be procured and now lay before Congress, an exact statement, &c." The statement proves not to be "exact" but erroneous; was it some naughty clerk who penned this part of the message, and the President, being so hurried that he could not look over every word of it, thus permitted it to go forth? Such defenders are the worst of enemies, let the writer beware.
Feb. 5, 1802. Havanna, Jan. 7, 1802 From an official Gazette printed in the Spanish language at Havanna, the following has been translated for the Philadelphia Gazette.
Order of the Marquis de Someruelos, Governor and captain general of the Havanna, and of the Island of Cuba.
All the natives or subjects of Spain and strangers, who shall not be authorized to reside in this Island, conformably to the laws and others of the sovereign, shall leave it within the space of one month from the date of this order; informing them that, if they do not obey the present order they shall be treated with the utmost severity of the laws, and most particularly those who, in opposition to this order, shall transact commercial business.
The time allowed to quit the island will be two months, for those who shall have business or accounts to settle, on account of neutral vessels, that have brought into this island provisions and other articles, during the war: But the seas having been free since the 21th of December inclusive, they must since that time have begun to settle their accounts; the aforesaid time is consequently sufficient for the conclusion of their business.
NOTICE.
THE Copartnership of M C CORMICK and COCHRAN, being by mutual consent dissolved, those indebted to them are requested to pay their accounts without delay to Alexander M C Cormick, who will pay any demands due by the said firm.
Feb. 10, 1802. ALEX. M C CORMICK, ALEX. COCHRAN.
The Business will be carried on by Alexander M C Cormick.
NOTICE.
M Y wife Eleanor Dunlavy, having of her own accord, and without any cause or provocation, left my bed and board, I hereby forward any person giving her credit on my account, as they cannot expect being paid by me, being now confined within the prison of Washington county for debts which I am unable to pay.
CHARLES DUNLAVY. Washington, Feb. 10, 1802.
The Business formerly carried on By Dr. WILLIAM ROGERS, Is continued, by
Dr. WILLIAM H. GRAYHAM, Who informs the inhabitants of the District of Columbia, that his opportunities of improvement in the various branches of medicines, peculiarly entitles him to their favor.
Jan. 29, 1802.
FOR SALE.
THE subscriber is authorised to sell a tract of land containing four hundred acres, lying in Prince George county, on Oxen Run, adjoining the district of Columbia, and about two miles from the City of Washington, with a good road to that part of the Eastern Branch over which a bridge is to be built.—This land is healthy and abounds with springs of excellent water.
There are between twenty and thirty acres of meadow ground, with a fine stream through it, which may be prepared for timothy at a small expense, and at least two hundred acres in wood and timber. The wood itself will more than pay for the land. The cleared land, except a small part indeed, is of an excellent quality, and has on it a large tobacco house, and several houses suitable for the accommodation of labourers. This land has on it some elegant situations for country seats, commanding a view of the river and the city. of this land be not sold at private sale, before the 10th day of March next (and if it be, timely notice will be given) it will on that day, if fair, if not, the first fair day thereafter be sold to the highest bidder on the premises. The greater part of the purchase money will be required down; a credit of three months will be given on the balance, the purchaser securing the punctual payment of the balance at the expiration of that time. Persons disposed to make a private purchase, may know the terms by application to Wm. Cooke, of Baltimore Town, or Mr. James F. Leitch of Manchester, Virginia, Mr. John Addison at Geesborough, near the City of Washington, or to the subscriber in the city of Washington.
PHILIP B. BAKER, Attorney for J. Addison. Jan. 18, 1802.
Lodgings.
EQUALLY decent and one third cheaper than any in the city, separate rooms and half attendance to be had at Greenleaf's Point, where Judge Symmes now lodges. Good Rabling is also furnished by
SAMUEL SPEAKE. Washington, Jan. 20, 1802.
[By Authority.]
AN ACT
For the protection of the commerce and seamen of the United States against the Tripolitan Cruisers.
WHEREAS the Regency of Tripoli, on the coast of Barbary, has commenced a predatory warfare against the United States;
BE it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America, in Congress assembled, That it shall be lawful fully to equip, officer, man, and employ such of the armed vessels of the United States as may be judged requisite by the President of the United States, for protecting effectually the commerce and seamen thereof on the Atlantic Ocean, the Mediterranean and adjoining seas.
Sec. 2. And be it further enacted, That it shall be lawful for the President of the United States to instruct the commanders of the respective public vessels aforesaid, to seize, seize and make prize of all vessels, goods and effects, belonging to the Bey of Tripoli, or to his subjects, and, to bring or send the same into port, to be proceeded against, and distributed according to laws, and also to cause to be done all such other acts of precaution or hostility as the state of war will justify, and may, in his opinion, require.
Sec. 3. And be it further enacted, That on the application of the owners of private armed vessels of the United States, the President of the United States may grant to them special commissions, in the form which he shall direct, under the seal of the United States; and such private armed vessels, when so commissioned, shall have the like authority for subduing, seizing, taking and bringing into port, any Tripolitan vessel, goods, or effects, as the before mentioned public armed vessels may by law have; and shall therein be subject to the instructions which may be given by the President of the United States for the regulation of their conduct; and their commissions shall be revocable at his pleasure: Provided, That before any commission shall be granted, as aforesaid, the owner or owners of the vessel for which the same may be requested, and the commander thereof, for the time being, shall give bond to the United States, with at least two responsible sureties, not interested in such vessel, in the penal sum of seven thousand dollars; or, if such vessel be provided with more than one hundred and fifty men, in the penal sum of fourteen thousand dollars, with condition for observing the treaties and laws of the United States, and the instructions which may be given, as aforesaid; and also, for satisfying all damages and injuries which shall be done, contrary to the tenor thereof, by such commissioned vessel; and for delivering up the commission, when revoked by the President of the United States.
Sec. 4. And be it further enacted, That any Tripolitan vessel, goods or effects, which shall be so captured and brought into port by any private armed vessel of the United States, duly commissioned, as aforesaid, may be adjudged good prize, and thereupon shall accrue to the owners and officers, and men of the capturing vessel, and shall be distributed according to the agreement which shall have been made between them, or, in failure of such agreement, according to the discretion of the court having cognizance of the capture.
Sec. 5. And be it further enacted, That the seamen may be engaged to serve in the navy of the United States for a period not exceeding two years; but the President may discharge the same sooner, if in his judgment, their services may be dispensed with.
NATHL. MACON, Speaker of the House of Representatives. A. BURR, Vice-President of the United States, and President of the Senate. APPROVED, Feb. 6, 1802. TH: JEFFERSON, President of the United States.
To Osborne Sprigg, Esq.
Sir, YOUR publication of the 11th inst. has just come to hand; if I am not mistaken, my invitation informed you that Ranger was engaged to run his last race, on the 25th day of May next, over the Hunting Park Course—I cannot with convenience to my feelings, break this engagement, or forfeit my bet—Presuming that you do not with an advantage, and that you are willing to run Le Boo against Ranger upon equal terms, I now propose, Ranger shall, on the 18th day of May next, run Le Boo over the Havre de Grace course, the 4 mile heats, carrying weight according to the rules of the Annapolis jockey club, for 3000 dollars, each play or pay. I live 44 miles from Havre de Grace, and the Suquehannah to cross, you have perhaps 20 or 30 miles further to travel your horse, without the risk of a water passage.
This is as near as I can contrive meeting you half way, over the best turf in America, carrying your own weight, running your own distance, and making your own sum.
I name the 18th of February next to sign the race articles, and if any thing should prevent my reaching the city on that day, Mr. Taylor is empowered to sign my name for me.
I am, Sir, Your obedient humble servant, T. M. FORMAN.
Feb. 8, 1802.

A BREWER. An English Brewer wants a situation as Manager of a Brewery in any healthy part of America. He understands distilling also—Letters post paid, addressed to A B at the printer's of this paper will be attended to. N. B. He would accept a situation as book-keeper or school master. Feb. 8, 1802. ep31
FOR SALE. A superb Curricule with plated Harness ALSO a pair of young, handsome and fleet PONIES, and a capital saddle horse, who never was in harness. Enquire of the Printer. Dec. 13. ep1f
Partnership Dissolved. DOUGHTY & KING have this day by mutual consent dissolved their partnership, it is therefore requested that all persons indebted to the said FIRM will make pay-ment to William Doughty, who is appointed to settle their accounts, and that those having any claim will make application as above. N. B. James C. King continues the Lum-ber business on his wharf near the Rock Creek Bridge. Feb. 3. ep62
NOTICE. COMMITTED to the Jail of Washington County, in the District of Columbia, as a Runaway, a Negro Woman named CHAR-LOTTE, about nineteen years of age, five feet four or five inches high. She says she is the property of Lewis St. John, near Battle Town, Frederick county, Virginia. The owner is requested to come and pay Charges and take her away. DANIEL C. BRENT, Marshal of the District of Columbia. Feb. 5, 1802.
BOLTING CLOTHS. A GENERAL ASSORTMENT OF BOLTING CLOTHS Of the best qualities and latest imports, are kept for sale by OLIVER EVANS, at the corner of Market and Ninth streets, Philadelphia, and By OLIVER & EVAN EVANS, With BOYD and SLINGLUFF, at the cor-ner of Market and Howard streets, Baltimore, Also, with DEAN & GARDNER, Union street, Alexandria. The book entitled the YOUNG MILL-WRIGHT and MILLER'S GUIDE, may al-so be had at the above places. Jan. 29, 1802. ep4w&ep4w
Marshal's Sale. By virtue of two writs of Venditioni Exponas issued out of the Circuit Court of the Dis-trict of Columbia, for the county of Wash-ington, to me directed, will be sold at Rhodes's Tavern on Tuesday the 23d of this month, ALL that right, title, and interest of Wil-iam King, to a brick house and ap-purtenances on Lot No. 13, in sq. No. 104, in the City of Washington, to satisfy debts due Thomas K. Beale, adm'r of Joseph Clarke, for the use of Stephen Wilson's administra-tors. The sale to commence at 11 o'clock, P. M. Terms of sale ready money. DANIEL C. BRENT, Marshal of the District of Columbia. Feb. 1, 1802. ep5
Marshal's Sale. Notice is hereby given, that by virtue of a Writ of Venditioni Exponas issued out of the Circuit Court of the District of Colum-bia, for the county of Wash-ington, to me directed, John Ashley and Henry Pratt, against the lands and Tenements of Robert Morris, will be exposed to Public Sale, To the highest bidder, for cash, at Rhodes's Hotel, on the third day of February next, all the said Morris's title in and to Lot No. 2, in square No. 706, in the City of Washington. Sale to take place at 12 o'clock, A. M. DANIEL C. BRENT, Marshal of the District of Columbia. Jan. 18, 1802. ep5
To Rent, And possession given immediately, A TWO STORY BRICK HOUSE, North front of the President's House, CONTAINING TWO Parlours and four Bed-rooms, with a Garden, &c. It is convenient to the Public offices, and may be had furnished or unfurnish-ed, with or without board, on reasonable terms, to an agreeable tenant. Enquire of the Printer, or on the premises. Also, Wanted Employment, For a YOUNG MAN, who would engage as an assistant in a store, having kept one of his own, of course accustomed to it. Would act as steward and superintend a plantation, or the like—would make himself useful in any situation—Enquire of the Printer hereof. November 25. stwtf
Fifty Dollars Reward. RANAWAY on Saturday night the 26th of last month, a Mulatto named CYRUS, about 21 or 22 years of age, five feet six or seven in-ches high, with dark bushy hair. He has served an apprenticeship with a millwright, and is a good workman. He stole from Pope's Creek, the estate of Daniel McCarty, Esq., in the county of Westmoreland, a small horse, a neat light saddle, not much worn, made by James Smock, Fredericksbury, and a bridle, with a variety of wear-er ap-parel. He has for some time past belonged to general Lee of Stratford, and it is conjectu-ral he will endeavour to secret himself in the neighbourhood of the City of Washington, in expectation of meeting with his wife. Who-ever will apprehend the said slave and deliver him to me, shall receive the sum of fifty dol-lars; and I will also give a further reward of ten dollars to any one who may restore the bridle and saddle. JOHN ROSE. Virga. Leeds, Jan. 11, 1802. w4t
CHARLES VARDEN, Merchant Taylor, from Philadelphia, GRATEFULLY acknowledges the favors conferred on him by the gentlemen of this City, and flatters himself that the gen-eral satisfaction he has already given will mer-it a continuation of the same. He has also received a handsome assortment of goods from Philadelphia, consisting of, Best superfine cloths, Cashmere, Swan-down, Toylenetts, Velveretts, Fancy Cords, Coatings, Flannels, &c. N. B. Regimentals, Naval Uniforms, and Ladies' Habits, made in the neatest and most fashionable manner, and at the shortest no-tice—Washington City, New Jersey Avenue, next to Mr. Rapine's book store. Dec. 16, 1801. ep1f
Mrs. PICK, Takes the liberty to inform the ladies of George-Town and City of Wash-ington, and its vicinity, that she has this day opened at Mr. Kirtz's, opposite the Union Tavern, an elegant assortment of MILLINE-RY, consisting of, Velvet bonnets, caps, shawls, embroidery, dresses, handkerchiefs, artificial flowers, plumes, trimmings both gold and silver, bangle span-gles, sacks, muffs, belts, and tassels, straw bonnets, cashmere shawls and bonnets, gold and silver thread, wigs and frizes, perfume-ry of all kinds, &c. &c. and other articles too numerous to mention; which she will sell on moderate terms. Dec. 23. ep1f
TO THE MERCHANTS Of George-Town and Alexandria. A GENTLEMEN of experience in busi-ness intends going to the West Indies the ensuing Spring, and will have leisure to transact any commission business that may be confided to his care. His credentials will be unexceptionable.—Any gentleman wishing further information will be attended to by addressing a line to A. Z. and left in the care of the Editor of the National Intelligencer. Jan. 29, 1802. 2aw4w
NOTICE. ALL persons having claims against the e-state of JASPER DE CARNAP, late of the City of Washington, deceased; are de-sired to exhibit their accounts for settlement, and those who are indebted are earnestly re-quested to discharge the same without delay. ELIZABETH DE CARNAP, Administratrix. HENRY INGLE, Administrator. Dec. 11, 1801. ep8w
The Subscriber RESPPECTFULLY informs the public that he has removed from George-Town to the Fountain Inn, near Rhodes's City Tavern. Where he is furnished with a good brother, carriage house, and stable for eighteen hor-ses, and every thing in his line to render the accommodation of travellers agreeable.—The strictest attention will be paid by CHARLES ROGERS. N. B. Ten or fifteen gentlemen can get board and lodging on moderate terms. Dec. 23. ep1f
THE NATIONAL "BARLEY CAKE," OR, The "Rock of Offence," Into a "Glorious Holy Mountain!" in Dif-ficulties and Letters, BY DAVID AUSTIN, A. M. Copy Right secured. To be had at Stickney's book store, near the Treasury; and at Rapine and Conrad's, on Capitol Hill.—Price 50 cents single—or, five dollars per dozen. Feb. 1, 1802. ep1f
THOMAS CARPENTER, TAYLOR, SOLICITS a continuation of that generous encouragement which he has experienced from the Ladies and Gentlemen of this City and its vicinity. Having procured an elegant assortment of cloths, cashmere, swan-down, &c. and engaged workmen of superior talents. His unremitted attention shall be given to merit patronage. Capitol Hill, next house east of Mrs. Finch's boarding house, and Pennsylvania Avenue between the President's square and Seven Buildings. Dec. 7, 1801. ep1f
NOTICE. THIS is to give notice, That the subscriber has obtained from the orphan's court of Washington County, in the District of Co-lumbia, letters of administration on the per-sonal estate of James Robinson, late of the county of Washington deceased, all persons having claims against the said deceased, are hereby warned to exhibit the same, with the vouchers thereof, to the subscriber, at or be-fore the first day of June next; they may o-therwise be excluded from all benefit of the said estate. Given under my hand this 24th day of December in the year 1801. LEWIN TALBURTT, Administrator. December 28, 1801. ep1f
FOR SALE, LOT No. 21, in square No. 169, in the City of Washington, fronting 53 feet 9 inches on the President's square, and 89 feet 11 inches deep to a 30 feet alley, opposite the War Office, between F and G Streets. Its situation in a public point of view, cannot be excelled by any in the City; on it is a well dug and walled up, and part of the cel-lar cleared out. Title indisputable—For terms apply to THOMAS HERTY, Near Rhodes's City Tavern. Feb. 3. ep31
ROBERT CHERRY, Near the Sugar House, New-Jersey Avenue, has just received (in addition to his former stock) per the sloop Harmony, captain El-wood, from Philadelphia. A GENERAL assortment of groceries and liquors, viz. Pennington's loaf and lump sugar, Havanna white, Jamaica and St. Croix brown do. hyson, young hyson, hyson skin, souchong, and bohea teas, coffee, pepper, al-spice, nutmegs, and cloves; hair powder, plain and scented, box and keg raisins, mould and pipe candles, white and brown soap, Daxon's best mustard, lard, mackerel, and herring in barrels, dried codfish, &c. Cognac brandy, Holland gin, Jamaica and Antigua rum, Madeira and Lisbon wine, with other articles, all of a good quality. Also a trunk of swan-down, class in boxes, 12 by 10 and 8 by 6, which he will sell low for cash, or barter for first quality tobacco.—The above articles have been laid in at a falling market, and shall sell the same at very reduced prices for cash. He returns his sincere thanks to his friends and the public, for the encouragement he has already met with since his residence here, and hopes for a continuance of their favours, which will be thankfully acknowledged. January 9, 1802. ep1f
WILL BE SOLD, To the highest bidder, for ready money at Tunnicliff's tavern in the City of Wash-ington, on MONDAY the eighth day of Fe-bruary next, the following squares and lots, or so much thereof as will satisfy the decree aforesaid, viz. Squares 361 362 363, lots 1 2 3 8 9 to 11 in sq. 361, squares 891 913, lots 2 3 10 to 13 14 15 and 20 in square 913, lots 3 4 5 6 7 13 14 15 16 and 17 in square 904, 1 2 3 6 7 20 21 and 24 in square 1077, lots 2 3 and 4 in square north east of square 1005, lots 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 27 28 29 30 31 32 and 33 in sq. 1043, 20 21 22 and 23 in square 1042, lots 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 and 18 in square 1017, lots 1 2 6 7 and 8 in square 943, square 300, lots 1 2 3 7 8 9 15 16 17 and 18 in square 1007. The sale will commence at 11 o'clock, and will continue from day to day until the whole of this property or so much thereof as will comply with the requi-sites of the aforementioned decree. PHILIP T. BAKER, Trustee. Jan. 5, 1802. ep5
TIMBER. The directors for building a bridge over the Eastern Branch of the river Potomac will to contract for Of the kind and sizes as used in the list below. It will be sufficient if the length piles square to the dimensions mentioned, for 15 feet from the butt, they may then taper off to 10 inches square at the other end. It is not requested that the piles and other large timber be hewn. The timber must be delivered by the first of April. On proposals for furnishing, the same must be sent in to me on or before the 12th of next month. WILLIAM BRENT, Sec'y.
   Feet long. Inches.     50 Pieces white oak for caps, 200 do. for strings to lay the plank in, 34 14 by 14   400 " " " 42 8 — 10   200 Piles, " " 22 8 — 10   20 " " " 18 14 — 14   20 " " " 20 14 — 14   20 " " " 30 15 — 15   32 " " " 28 14 — 14   20 " " " 18 14 — 14   60 " " " 40 15 — 15   36 " " " 26 14 — 14   40 Pieces black or white oak for girders 38 12 — 12   80 do. for girts, " " 24 12 — 12   80 do. do. " " 13 12 — 13   480 Pieces white oak, 480 do. do. " 10 5 — 7   Fifty thousand feet of plank, white pine or white oak, 17 feet long and 4 inches thick. 12 5 — 7   Twenty-five thousand feet of railing, 4 by 6 and 6 by 7 inches, of different lengths Jan. 29, 1802. ep12F  
JOHN BYRNE, At his wholesale and retail Wine, Spi-rits and grocery Store, in Prince, near Water-street, Alexandria. Offers for sale at very mo-derate prices, London particular Madeira } Wines. do do. Teneriffe, } Choice Lisbon, Port and Ma- } laga } Cognac brandy, Holland gin, old Jamaica spirits, anniseed cordials, fine teas, coffee, chocolate, loaf, lump, and brown sugars, nut-megs, mace, pepper, Florence oil, raisins, sarch, molasses, corles, &c. &c. A small assortment of tea-trays, waiters, brass cocks, and Dutch ovens; with excellent Irish linen and dowlas sheeting by the piece. The quality and prices of the above are pec-liarly calculated to recommend them to the keepers of boarding houses, and to give satis-faction to such gentlemen as may wish to pro-vide their own wines, &c. Alexandria, Dec. 21, 1801. ep4w
JOHN GOULDING, Broker and Commission Merchant, RESPPECTFULLY offers his services to his friends, to the friends of his friends and to the public. He proposes to do business in this line, for the sale, purchase and transfer of real and personal property of every description; the barter and exchange of lots, houses, &c. for merchandise, and vice versa. He has just received and for sale, madeira, port, Lisbon, claret and Malaga wine, sherry, brandy, gin, and cherry bounce, grapes, rais-ins, currants, figs, almonds, capers, olives, anchovies, citron, Coles, &c. Philadel-phia porter, loaf sugar, and shoes of all sizes, particularly Ladies' morocco, kid and spangled shoes. All which are for sale on reasonable terms, for cash, flour or tobacco; and again begs leave to solicit his friends, the friends of his friends and the public, to give him an op-portunity, by partaking of their favours, to gratify them, in more respects than one. George-Town, next the } Post Office, Dec. 13, 1801. ep1m
For Sale, FIFTY LOTS, SITUATE between the President's House and Capitol.—The titles to which is in-disputable. ISAAC POLOCK. Dec. 16. ep1f
Valuable property for Sale. ON Tuesday the 23d of February next, will be offered to sale to the highest bidder, at Tunnicliff's Tavern at 4 o'clock in the ev-ening, a two story BRICK HOUSE, with 3 rooms and a passage on each floor; situate on Lot No. 10, in square 728, in the City of Washington, on East Capitol Street. The terms will be made known on the day of sale, by SAMUEL TYLER. Jan. 25, 1802. raw22
For Sale or Rent, Two three story brick houses in Alexandria, completely finished, on King and Columbia, street, with fundry valuable property near the same, possession whereof may be had imme-diately. The situation for the flour and gro-cery business is equal to any in Alexandria. For terms apply to Henry Thomas Moore Alexandria, or to the subscriber. NICHOLAS VOSS.
LAND FOR SALE. FOR sale about 4500 acres of land belong-ing to the estate of Judge Mercer, deceased, and situated in the county of Loudoun, on the waters of Goose Creek, about 40 miles from Alexandria and the Federal City. A large portion of this tract is meadow ground, of good quality, and the soil of the high land is well adapted to every species of produce usually cultivated on land familiarly situated in the upper country. Such portion of it as re-mains uncleared, affords an extensive and ex-cellent range for stock of every kind. On one part of this land is one of the most valu-able mill sites in the state. The supply of wa-ter is inexhaustible, and the mill could be se-lected immediately on the side of the public road leading from Winchester to Alexandria. It is computed that the number of wagons al-most constantly travelling along this road, amount to at least 5 or 600. So that a ready market might always be had here, for a very considerable quantity of grain and hay. It is deemed unnecessary to describe more particularly the many advantages of this tract of Land, as it is expected that all persons dis-posed to purchase, will first view the premises. To accommodate purchasers the whole tract will be divided into lots of 4 or 500 acres each, with as much wood and meadow land to every lot as circumstances will admit. And it is believed that the whole 4500 acres may be so laid off into farms of the above-mentioned size, as to leave in each as much wood and meadow land as would be desired. The price and time of payment will be made known by the subscribers. Letters directed to John T. Brooke, Fredericksburg, or to James M. Garnett, Laytons, will be an-swred without delay. JOHN T. BROOKE, } Adm'rs JAMES M. GARNETT, } Feb. 8, 1802. ep1f
COMMISSIONERS' OFFICE, Washington, Jan. 26, 1802 ORDERED, By the Board that the following Proclamation be published thrice a week for three weeks successively, in the City and George Town news-papers. THOMAS MUNROE, Clk. Com.
BY THE PRESIDENT, OF THE UNITED STATES. WHEREAS by the first article of the terms and conditions declared by the President of the United States on the 17th October 1791, for regulating the materials, manner of buildings, and im-provements on the lots in the City of Washington, it is provided, That the outer and party walls of all houses in the said City, shall be built of brick or stone; and by the third article of the same terms and conditions, it is de-clared that the wall of no house shall be higher than forty feet to the roof in any part of the city, nor shall any be lower than thirty-five feet on any of the A-venues: And whereas the above recited articles were found to impede the settle-ment in the city, of mechanics and others whose circumstances did not admit of erect-ing houses authorised by the said reg-ulations, for which cause the operation of the said articles has been suspended by several acts of the Presidents of the United States from the 5th day of June 1796, to the 1st January 1802, and the beneficial effects arising from such sus-pensions having been experienced; it is deemed proper to revive the same with the exception hereafter mentioned—
WHEREFORE, I, THOMAS JEF-FERSON, President of the United States, Do declare that the first and third articles above recited shall be, and the same are, hereby suspended until the first day of January 1803, and that all houses which shall be erected in the said City of Washington previous to the said 1st day of January 1803, conformable in other respects to the regulations a-foresaid, shall be considered as lawfully erected; except that no wooden house covering more than three hundred and twenty square feet, or higher than twelve feet from the sill to the eve, shall be erected, nor shall such house be placed within twenty-four feet of any brick or stone house. Given under my hand this twenty-third day of January, in the year 1802. TH: JEFFERSON. Jan. 29, 1802. ep3w
The subscriber respectfully ac-quaaints the public, that he has removed to the corner of Ninth and B streets, where he continues to manufacture and sell all kinds of Ornaments for Chimney pieces, Door Caps, Frontispieces, Metal Salts, &c. which may also be had at his store No. 51, Barclay street, New-York, and to Mr. Wild's store, Market street, Baltimore. GEORGE ANDREWS. Who has gold leaf for sale by the package or book. May 2, 1801. 1y
NEW STORE. THE Subscriber most respectfully inform the Public in general, and their friends in particular, that they have just opened a new store of Dry Goods, SUITABLE FOR THE SEASON, On the Pennsylvania Avenue, between the Pre-sident's square and the Seven Buildings, which they purpose to sell low for cash. A few cakes of Cut Nails. SHARPLESS & SMITH. November 25. ep3
For sale, or to be rented. A House and lot on the Capitol Hill—the lot is 20 feet 2 inches on Delaware Avenue, and about 190 feet deep extending back to a 30 feet alley. The House is a handsome well-fur-nished convenient three story brick house, con-taining 2 sealed garrets, 3 chambers, 2 parlours—kitchen with a pantry and cellar. It is directly opposite the Buildings of WASHINGTON, occupied by Gen. Dearborn, near adjoining to a number of houses belonging to Mr. Carroll, rented to Mr. Delton and others from its vicinity to the Capitol, it is well calcu-lated for a private family or a person attached to the offices of the Federal Legislature.—Ad-joining is a lot of about 40 feet front on Pine Avenue, and running same depth back (the whole under a good post and rail fence) which, if required would be sold at time of sale. If rented, the Tenant may have the use of the whole of the lot, which would make an excellent garden, hav-ing a South and Eastern exposure, as long as convenient to the proprietor. This property would be sold a Bargain for satisfactory payments, or well situated property in Philadelphia would be taken in exchange. Apply to Benjamin Birch, New Jersey Avenue, or to the Editor of the National Intelligencer—or to Carrick and Percival, Philadelphia. Nov. 21. ff
FOR SALE. A TRACT of land containing 2,500 acres ly-ing immediately on the river Potomac, in the county of Northumberland, Virginia, late the residence of PRESLEY THORN ON, Esq. Seventeen hundred acres of which are of the most valuable kind of low grounds on the river; be-tween three and four hundred acres heavily tim-bered, the remainder is wavy high land extreme-ly productive. The soil of this tract is equal to any in the state for cultivation of corn, wheat, tobacco, timothy, and small grain of all kinds. On this tract is a large commodious two story brick mansion house and two offices, a large brick barn, a valuable barn, cow house and many other out-houses, all in good repair. The or-chards and garden contain a variety of valuable fruit trees, and the waters abound with excel-lent fish and oysters. It is situated about a day's sail from Alexandria, Baltimore or Norfolk—There are two good mill sites for grist, or saw-mills on this estate, and plenty of cedar and chestnut timber, exclusive of the heavy timber, which if sawed up into lumber will command a price in the City of Washington, nearly equal to the value of the land. The terms will be made easy to the purcha-fer or purchasers, and the tract will be divided into two or more plantations if necessary—Ap-ply to RICHARD PETERS, junr., No. 85, Walnut-street Phila-delphia. Philadelphia, Nov. 11. ep1f
CONVEYANCERS OFFICE, AND OFFICE FOR SALE OF CITY LOTS, On the Pennsylvania Avenue fronting the Pres-ident's square, near Rhodes's tavern, City of Washington. THOMAS HERTY has connected with the business of drawing Conveyances of Land, Wills, Mortgages, Leases, Bonds, Assignments powers of Attorney, petitions, and every other species of deed, or contract in the profession; that of buying, selling and leasing lots and houses in the City, negotiating loans, &c. His long experience as a draftsman, and know-ledge of the laws relative thereto—the know-ledge which he has acquired by residence of the situation of City Lots, and how their titles have been acquired, or are liable to be affected; to-gether with his impartial and strict regard to the interest of those who may be pleased to employ him, will, he hopes, secure to him a continuance of public patronage. Titles to real property investigated, and opinions given thereon when required. For sale a great variety of Lots, in defir-able situations in the City. N. B. At the above office may be had, his Abridgement of the Laws of Maryland, price 6 dollars. Also his Digest of the Laws of the United States, price 3 dollars. As the Laws of Maryland are in full force on this side the Potom-ack, it behoves fathers to avail themselves of that information which affects their lives, liberties and property. He who is without a knowledge of his "rule of conduct" is like a stranger in his native land. May 4. 2aw3w, raw2
Mrs. Smith & Mrs. Wiley, RESPECTFULLY inform their friends and the public, that they have removed their boarding School to the three brick house, nearly opposite to the Jail, where they are prepared to take boarders and day scholars.—Every attention will be paid to the manners, morals and improvement of their pupils.—Approved masters attend the school to instruct the young ladies in those branches which Mrs. Smith and Mr. Wiley do not teach. Geo. Town, Jan. 22. raw22