Gazette of the United-States. (New-York [N.Y.]), 1789-08-12 00:00:00

Gazette of the United States.
[No. XXXV.]
W E N D E S D A Y, AUGUST 12, 1739.
[Published on Wednesday and Saturday.]
THE TABLET. No. XXXV.
A Man's natural love of ease and idleness, and proneness to indulge his sensual pleasures are not to be cured by precept: His strong habits and inclinations can only be subdued by passions of greater violence. Preach and demonstrate to a coward the unreasonableness of his fears, and you will not make him valiant, more than you can make him taller by bidding him be ten feet high."
MEN who pass their lives in contemplation and retirement seldom acquire such ideas of human nature as are proper to be carried into practice. The melancholy impressions that are excited by a recluse, sedentary life have a most pernicious effect on the government of a family. Most people make their own feelings the standard by which to try the actions and opinions of others. This propensity leads to peculiar inconveniences, when applied by old people to the management of youth. It is to be regretted, that systems of education are formed by such men, and imposed on the world as the wisest and best.
The natural love of company and strong desire for society, which seem to characterize so great a proportion of the human race, can never be extinguished. They must and will have scope, and whoever attempts to destroy them, is waging war against reason and nature. His plan will inevitably be defeated, and he will reap anguish and disappointment by his mistake, while his children blast his fond hopes and fair prospects by their profligacy and disobedience. The passions of a youth cannot be eradicated; and if by forced rules of education they are for a while suppressed, the barriers will sooner or later be broken down, and they will rush forth like an irresistible torrent that carries every thing before it. Nothing however is more practicable than to prevent such disasters.
When a child discovers strong marks of vivacity and it is difficult to curb his propensities, his temper should not be soured, or his spirit cramped by restraints. He may be so managed that his sports and recreations will turn into safe channels, and not run to pernicious extremes. Does he manifest a lively inclination for company; let him be indulged in his favorite with. The best method to prevent his having bad associates, is to cultivate a spirit of ambition, that shall regulate the choice of his companions. His humour should be watched, treated with delicacy and tenderness, and in that way controuled; but it can never be subdued. By a skilful appeal to his pride and vanity, they will constitute a security against the seductions of low and abandoned characters. There is no natural preference in children for vicious company or amusements. They are first allured into bad practices by finding easy access, and feeling little restraint by the familiar manners and sportive pleasantries of merry servants and wicked wags. Such society gives relief to the young mind from the rigorous precepts, and stern gravity which too often and too fatally characterize parental government. A vehement love of society is not incompatible with the nicest choice of company, if pains were seasonably taken to instil an aversion against worthless or scandalous associates. Most children may be prevailed upon to have their diversions and companions designated; but it is as much an act of folly to oppose their inclinations, as it is of imprudence not to observe and regulate them. Decency and good morals may be rendered pleasant as well as useful and commendable. Youth may be taught to distinguish between actions that are proper and improper, without thwarting their prevailing disposition. Under reasonable indulgence and with a little precaution they may be guarded against gross vices and such practices as are openly scandalous.
N. B. In Tablet No. 34. last line first paragraph, for "shall be considered," read should be considered. The author meant to suggest the principles upon which the subject ought to be viewed; it was not his intention to discuss those points—but merely to intimate the order in which they should be considered.
SKETCH OF THE POLITICAL STATE OF AMERICA.
WHETHER viewed by the contemplative eye of the philosopher, or scanned by the more active mind of the politician and legislator, the happiness arising to society from the progress of science in the world, presents the most pleasing consequences, as our encouragement to establish institutions for the education of youth in every branch of literature—no country is more obligated to the cause of learning than America—to the well informed mind of her citizens does she owe
her present important rank in the scale of nations; to this is she indebted for her unparalleled advances to greatness and empire, and on this does the preservation of her future liberties and all the invaluable rights of human nature essentially depend.—What more noble or engaging considerations can be urged to prove the propriety and policy of our exertions to place on the most liberal and solid grounds, the education of the present generation?—Let schools and colleges be every where reared, as the more pleasing substitutes of jails and houses of correction, that a proper bias may be given to the tender mind, and youth trained up in the way they should in future walk: There is a native ingenuity in the disposition of mankind, which by early cultivation may be brought to maturity, and society thereby relieved in a great degree from the evils resulting from ignorance and obstinacy—its natural offspring; and each individual, instead of being impelled by the fear of punishment, be drawn by a consciousness of duty to act well his part. Constitutions and forms of government will little avail, without a general prevalence of religion—the cultivation of private virtue and a refinement of the moral sense.—America from her local situation, possesses greater advantages for the promotion of literature and the arts, than has marked many other nations in the early stages of their political existence—not being subject to the constant inroads of barbarians or the tyranny of superstition, nor interrupted by the frequent din of arms ever hostile to the arts—here peace waves her gentle banners, and under the pleasing auspices of our present happy form of government and enlightened administrators, science shall expand her genial rays and the various fountains of learning through the continent, annually issue their streams, which like the periodical inundations of the Nile shall enrich the country all around.
While the lesser schools and every literary institution, however small, must be thought worthy the attention of government—I hope to see the establishment of a federal university—it is an idea which has been heretofore suggested, and which presages much future advantage to the public—Such a society may be erected in a central situation of the Union, under the management of able instructors, to which the students graduating at the different state colleges may repair, to finish their education, by remaining two or three years, and principally directing their studies to the political interests of their country—the great objects of legislation and national jurisprudence. As we have taken our station among the other nations of the world, it is highly proper we should form on national principles, which can be best done by promoting such institutions as have a tendency to remove local views and habits, and beget mutual confidence, esteem and good fellowship between those who are embarked in the same bottom, and must rise or fall together. The institution above alluded to, I think will be happily calculated to answer those valuable purposes, and have the most beneficial effects in a political view. In order to avoid the idea, or prevent its being in fact an exclusive kind of education, it ought to be constructed on the most economical plan, that the expence may be no bar to those who may wish to participate of the instruction there to be received, to form themselves for future eminent services to their country, to which their studies ought more particularly to be directed. Contracted and envious minds will always view with pain every exertion made to cultivate and improve the understanding of others, so as to raise them above the level of their own: But this I presume will be no objection of weight to the establishment of those seminaries of learning and science, where men may be well instructed in the rights of human nature, and strengthened in their abilities to assert those rights, and preserve them inviolate from that tyranny and oppression under which mankind have too often groaned in less enlightened ages.
We find by a review of the history of ancient Rome, whose lustre and national greatness was once the astonishment of the world, the arts and sciences, and liberty, ever flourished hand in hand, while they could boast a set of wise and able Princes who gave them all due encouragement—and that to check the progress of literature, and to mar every noble exertion of the human powers, formed the first attempts of their tyrannic rulers, to enslave them; and we observe liberty and the arts to have gradually decayed, till they finally sunk into their original barbarity and Gothicism. It remains for America, by an early attention to the encouragement of every art and science, and the cultivation of the human mind, to the highest pitch of improvement, to fit the inhabitants of this western world for the enjoyment of that freedom and independence for
which they have so nobly fought—and which will never be wrested from them, while they suck in with their milk, the first principles of civil liberty, and are uniformly educated in an abhorrence of every attempt that may be formed to deprive them of this mighty boon from heaven. AMERICANUS.
A short SKETCH of the HISTORY of SWEDEN.
AS Sweden occupies at present in a high degree the attention of the public, we shall furnish our readers with a concise narrative of its history, from the remotest period to the present time.
The first epocha of Sweden extends from the first peopling of the country, whenever that was, to the time when King Olaus embraced the Christian faith, about the year 853.
This was a period of little importance as nothing certain can be said concerning it. The Swedes, unwilling to be outdone by the Danes, have, like them, been fond of magnifying their antiquity, but the accounts given us by some of their historians are obviously too fabulous to merit attention.
From this period, down to the time when the three northern crowns were united, under Queen Margaret of Denmark, in 1307, there are but few circumstances that deserve our particular notice. Sweden was pretty much in the same state with Denmark, being partly involved in intestine troubles, and partly engaged in contests with its neighbors.
Though by the Constitution of Calmar, it was agreed upon, that Denmark, Sweden and Norway, should be governed for the future by the same Princes, yet that constitution being more favorable to the Danes than the Swedes, the latter were perpetually endeavoring to shake off the yoke. Hence they were involved in perpetual contests and disorders, and were subjected to great calamities; till at length the spirit of the nation was roused, such noble efforts were made under the auspicious conduct of Gustavus Ericson, about 1528, that the Swedes effectually recovered their liberties and their independence.
The most important period in the Swedish history is undoubtedly the interval between the reign of Gustavus Ericson and the death of Charles XII. in the year 1718. This is a period in which that kingdom is distinguished by several striking events at home, and by the figure which it made abroad.
Gustavus Ericson, besides restoring the freedom of his country, abolished Popery, and established Lutheranism, ruled with great dignity, and rendered the crown hereditary in his family.
Gustavus Adolphus was one of the greatest heroes of modern times, and has rendered his name extremely illustrious by his mighty actions in Germany, in defence of the Protestant cause, against the attempts of the House of Austria. The grand enterprizes begun by Gustavus Adolphus, in favor of Germanic Liberty, civil and religious, were completed under the minority of his daughter, Christiana, whose resignation of the sovereignty, and whose singular character are curious objects of history. Equally singular is the character of Charles XII, with regard to whom it is needless to say, that his wonderful achievements and extraordinary adventures have ranked him among the most celebrated persons whom the world ever produced.
The Swedish Kings had been successively growing more and more arbitrary, and Charles XII, had become so in a higher degree than any of his predecessors. But till the revolution in that kingdom in 1772, it appears that the people had again reduced the kingly power within very narrow limits.
This country seems to be gradually advancing in knowledge, commerce, and the arts of life; and though it has not lately made the figure it formerly did, it has been successful in its wars; and though one could form no idea that the modern Swedes are the descendants of those who under Gustavus Adolphus and Charles XII carried terror in their names, through the most distant countries, and shook the foundations of the greatest empires, yet that nation will probably soon recover some share of her former character under Gustavus III. the reigning monarch, who, as is evident both from his late and present conduct, is a Prince of great ambition, and of very considerable abilities.
ENGLISH PARAGRAPH.
THE Americans, under the direction of WASHINGTON, now President of the States, to gain connection between two rivers, tunnelled a hill of more consequence than that of Sapperton in Gloucestershire, and at twenty times less expence. They worked with a large horizontal borer, by the power of steam.

PARIS, MAY 26.
A strong debate is expected to-morrow in the House of Commons, in consequence of a motion made this day by a Monf. Mirabeau, which is, to hold no more conciliatory conferences with the other Orders, but to apply themselves directly to such of the Members of the Clergy and Nobles as they know are inclined in favor of the people, and invite them to join in the Common Assembly, in order to enter immediately into the business which the nation has trusted to them. Should this step succeed, the dissentients must come in likewise, or obtain a dissolution of the States.
For want of more material business, a motion was made, and a debate ensued, for giving liberty to the Members to come to the Assembly in frocks, boots, &c. unincumbered with their professional dress. The English House of Commons was quoted as an example: It passed, however, in the negative.
Another motion, much more important, was made, for the discontinuing of the plays given by the court to the Deputies of the Assembly, lest they should fall into the dissipation of the court, neglect their morals, and estrange their thoughts from the business of the nation. This question had no better fate than the former.
The health of the Dauphin has given new alarms to the Royal Family.
LONDON, APRIL 23.
Of the mortality attached to the horrid traffic of slaves, what must be thought, when we find it stated as the opinion of its advocates, corroborated by their own accounts of 35 voyages mentioned in the evidence, that the average, during the middle passage only, amounts to six per cent. Of about 40,000 negroes therefore, who are dragged away from Africa in British ships, we learn from their own carriers, that not less than 2400 perish during a voyage of six or eight months.
The disgust of his Majesty towards all public business is said to encrease, inasmuch, that though the intended visit to Hanover is certainly laid aside for the present, it is expected that he will call the Prince of Wales to a very active share in the concerns of the state, without proposing any limitation repugnant to the known partiality of his Royal Highness. If this event, which is confidently rumoured, takes place, we shall at last see an administration in harmony with the great moving principle of government, and acceptable to every order of the people, who are not misled by folly, or lost in corruption.
It having been asserted in the House of Commons, that there are at present mortgages on our West-India islands, for money due to this country to the enormous extent of seventy millions sterling, it may be curious to observe the value of some of the West India islands little more than a century ago. In the year 1619, the Court of France sold Gaudaloupe, Marigalante, the Saints, and all the property of these islands, for 73,000 livres, equal to 3100l. sterling, to Mr. Boiffaret. Mr. Dupacquet paid, a year afterwards, 60,000 livres for the islands of Martinico, St. Lucia, Grenada, and the Grenadines, equal to 2550l. ; and Malto, in the year 1691, paid 40,000 crowns for St. Kitt's, St. Martin's, St. Bartholomew, Santa Cruz, and Tortola, equal to about 5100l. The purchasers were allowed an unlimited authority, disposing of all places civil and military, and possessing the power of life and death over the vassals. They were in fact petty sovereigns. Without entering into the questions now agitated about the slave-trade, it may be fairly doubted, whether, without that trade, the islands would have been in their present flourishing condition.
In all the instructions given by the Electors of every part of France, to their Representatives in the States General, there appears to be the greatest readiness on the part of the people to submit to any taxes that may be thought necessary to restore an equilibrium, as they call it, between the public revenue, and the public expenditure.
[ A Poem sometime since published in London, entitled, LEWESDON HILL, written by the Rev. W. CROWE, of New-College, Oxford, contains the following elegant compliment to the illustrious Generalissimo of the late American army, who is ranked with the few heroes who have proved blessings to mankind ; and who, by the special favor of Heaven, are allowed to pause and rest after a "march of glory !"]
" Nor such In causeless war, troubling the world By their mad quarrels, and in fields of blood Hail'd victors, thence renown'd, and call'd on earth Kings, heroes, demi-gods ; but in high heaven Thieves, ruffians, murderers ; these find no reposte : THEE rather, Patriot conqueror ! To the Belongs such rest ; who in the western world, Thine own deliver'd country for thyself Hast planted an immortal grove, and there Upon the glorious mount of liberty Reposing, sit'st beneath the balmy shade."
G REAT GOD ! Columbia boasts from THEE, E mpire, and Independency ! O 'er her fair realms thy goodness pours, R ich blessings in unceasing show'rs ; G ives plenty, peace, and liberty ; E arth's choicest gifts to crown the FREE.
W here, erst wild monsters prowld for prey, A nd men more savage far than they, S ee Eden's smiling vallies bloom ; H ear notes celestial cheer the gloom ; I mmortal pleasures in her train, N ow hail blest Freedom's glorious reign ! G rant, pow'r divine, that while we sing, T he joys that from such sources spring, O ur patriot virtues may be shown, N or THEE forget—nor WASHINGTON.
SKETCH OF PROCEEDINGS OF CONGRESS.
In the HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES of the UNITED STATES.
SATURDAY, AUG. 8.
THE following message was received from THE PRESIDENT yesterday, by the Hon. Gen. KNOX—viz.
GENTLEMEN OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, THE business which has hitherto been under the consideration of Congress has been of so much importance, that I was unwilling to draw their attention from it to any other subject. But the disputes which exist between some of the United States and several powerful tribes of Indians within the limits of the Union, and the hostilities which have in several instances been committed on the frontiers, seem to require the immediate interposition of the general government.
I have therefore directed the several statements and papers, which have been submitted to me on this subject by General Knox, to be laid before you for your information.
While the measures of government ought to be calculated to protect its citizens from all injury and violence, a due regard should be extended to those Indian Tribes, whose happiness, in the course of events, so materially depends on the national justice and humanity of the United States.
If it should be the judgment of Congress, that it would be most expedient to terminate all differences in the southern district, and to lay the foundation for future confidence, by an amicable treaty with the Indian Tribes in that quarter, I think proper to suggest the consideration of the expediency of instituting a temporary commission for that purpose, to consist of three persons, whose authority should expire with the occasion.
How far such a measure, unassisted by posts, would be competent to the establishment and preservation of peace and tranquility on the frontiers, is also a matter which merits your serious consideration.
Along with this object I am induced to suggest another, with the national importance and necessity of which I am deeply impressed ; I mean some uniform and effective system for the Militia of the United States. It is unnecessary to offer arguments in recommendation of a measure, on which the honour, safety, and well-being of our country so evidently and so essentially depend.
But it may not be amiss to observe, that I am particularly anxious it should receive as early attention as circumstances will admit ; because it is now in our power to avail ourselves of the military knowledge disseminated throughout the several States, by means of the many well instructed officers and soldiers of the late army, a resource which is daily diminishing by deaths and other causes.
To suffer this peculiar advantage to pass away unimproved, would be to neglect an opportunity which will never again occur, unless, unfortunately, we should again be involved in a long and arduous war.
GEO. WASHINGTON.
New York, Aug. 7, 1789.
Sundry papers accompanied the message, which, together with the said message, were this day taken into consideration by the committee of the whole house on the state of the Union, when it was resolved,
That it is the opinion of this committee, that an act ought to pass providing for the necessary expences attending any negotiations or treaties which may be held with the Indian tribes or attending the appointment of commissioners for those purposes.
Mr. CLYMER, Mr. AMES, and Mr. MOORE, were appointed a committee to bring in a bill for that purpose.
Resolved, That it is the opinion of this committee, that an act ought to pass providing a proper system of regulations for the Militia of the United States.
Mr. SUMPTER, Mr. HESTER, and Mr. MATTHEWS, were appointed to bring in a bill for that purpose.
These resolutions were adopted by the house.
Adjourned till Monday.
MONDAY, AUGUST 10.
A petition of John McPherson, relative to some
improvements he has made in the method of preserving buildings, &c. from the fatal effects of lightning, was read, and laid on the table.
The engrossed bill for allowing compensations to the members of Congress, and the officers of both Houses, was read a third time—On the question, Shall this bill pass ? The Yeas and Nays were called for by Mr. GOODHUE.
AFFIRMATIVE.
  Messrs BALDWIN, BEN-NON, BROWN, BURKE, CARROL, CLYMER, FITZSIMONS, GALE, GRIFFIN, HARTLEY, HEISTER, HUNTINGTON, LAURANCE, LEE, MADISON,  Messrs MATTHEWS, MOORE, P. MUHLENBERG, PAGE, SCOTT, SENEY, SMITH, (M.) SMITH, (S. C.) STONE, STURGES, SUMPTER, TRUMBULL, TUCKER, VINING, WADSWORTH.  
NEGATIVE.
  Messrs AMES, BOUDINOT, CADWALLADER, FLOYD, GERRY, GILMAN, GOODHUE, GROUT,  Messrs HATHORN, LEONARD, LIVERMORE, PARTRIDGE, VAN RENSELAER, SEDGWICK, SYLVESTER, THATCHER.  
Ayes, 30—Noes, 16—Majority 14.
The amendments insisted on by the Senate to the Treasury Bill, were taken up, and a vote passed for requesting a conference upon the subject.
Mr. MADISON, Mr. FITZSIMONS, and Mr. BOUDINOT were appointed the committee on the part of the house.
The following MESSAGE from the PRESIDENT was delivered to the House by the Hon. Gen. KNOX.
GENTLEMEN OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, I HAVE directed a statement of the troops in the service of the United States to be laid before you, for your information.
These troops were raised by virtue of the resolves of Congress of the 20th October, 1786, and the 3d of October, 1787, in order to protect the frontiers from the depredations of the hostile Indians, to prevent all intrusions on the public lands ; and to facilitate the surveying and selling of the same, for the purpose of reducing the public debt.
As these important objects continue to require the aid of the troops, it is necessary that the establishment thereof should, in all respects, be confirmed, by law, to the constitution of the United States.
G. WASHINGTON.
New-York, Aug. 11.
A statement of the troops, now in service, accompanied the message.
The report of the committee on the memorial of ANDREW ELLICOT—and the report of the committee on the memorial of NATHANIEL GORHAM, were severally read a second time.
The report of the committee on the memorial of Mr. ELLICOT, was adopted.
A message was received from the Senate, informing that they had concurred in the vote of the House for a conference—and appointed Mr. JACKSON, Mr. LEE, and Mr. STRONG, a committee on their part.
Mr. CLYMER, from the committee appointed for the purpose, brought in a bill for providing for the expences of the Indian Treaties, &c.
Adjourned.
TUESDAY, AUGUST 11.
The bill providing for the expences of negotiations, and treating with the Indians, and the appointment of commissioners for that purpose, was read a second time, and referred to a committee of the whole house.
Several petitions were read, and laid on the table.
The house then resolved itself into a committee of the whole—(Mr. BOUDINOT in the chair) to take the above bill into consideration.
The words in the bill "that Commissioners not exceeding three" it was moved should be struck out. This motion was opposed. It was contended that if the appointment of Commissioners was left indefinite, and they might be encreased at pleasure, the United States may be plunged in great and heavy expences—That past experience has shewn, that great frauds and peculations may be justly apprehended in these negotiations, as this will leave the business open to like impositions—That it was unconstitutional to vote monies, except a previous estimate of the service to be performed, was exhibited. It was further said that the right of making and judging of treaties was in the Legislature, and that the motion went to divest the house of a right vested in it by the constitution—That the house could not justify the measure to their constituents—and that it would open a door to such encroachments, and establish such a precedent as might be attended with the worst consequences—That the right of the House to judge and influence in the forming Treaties, is evident from this, "That the power of making provision for the expences of carrying those treaties in execution rests in the house"—this was

THE BILLS
 For establishing the Treasury, and Judicial departments.  To regulate the Coasting Trade.  For allowing compensations to The President, and Vice-President.  For allowing compensations to the members, and officers of both Houses of Congress.  For providing for the expences of negotiations and treating with the Indians.  Also the reports of the committees on the memorial of Andrew Ellicot.  And on the subject of Amendments.  The Bills to regulate the punishment of crimes.  To regulate processes in the Federal Courts, and fees in the same.  The salaries of the Judges.  The salaries of the Executive Officers.  And the bill for the safe keeping of the acts, records, and great seal of the United States.  This report being read, the House adjourned. 
NEW YORK, AUGUST 12.
FROM CORRESPONDENTS.
The opposers of honorary distinctions for our federal rulers refer to the Constitution with the greatest propriety—for that is totally silent upon the subject: The word PRESIDENT cannot be considered as a Title, any more than that of Governor: It is therefore evident that no titles were ever intended to be given by the framers of the Constitution.
IT seems to have been forgotten by some persons, in contemplating the pay of the Federal Legislators, that every citizen of the United States, of 25 or 30 years of age, is eligible to a seat in that legislature—and that consequently the compensation proposed, is not the grant of money to any particular man, or body of men exclusively—but is an allowance held up to the view of every Son of Columbia, as a stimulus to excite a most laudable ambition, to qualify himself to serve his country as a Legislator. However benevolent and patriotic their motives are, who are opposed to this compensation, it may eventually appear, that they are not advocating the cause of an independent Legislature, which shall be composed not only of the affluent, but of characters in medium and inferior circumstances—for genius and patriotism are confined to no rank or condition of life.—Every class of citizens has its rights to support and defend—the pay therefore of our delegates, ought to be at such a rate, as to encourage and enable such competent characters, let their circumstances in life be ever so humble, to quit their particular professions for a season, as will enter into the feelings of their constituents, more intimately than those in more elevated situations.
Who will probably be most benefited by the independency of the Legislature, especially of the democratical branch? Surely the body of the people at large. Whether the proposed allowance is extended beyond the limits necessary to obtain this important object, is hardly a matter of opinion: A respectable majority of the House of Representatives, that branch which must be supposed to have the tenderest feelings for the people, and which has exhibited unequivocal proofs of its attachment to their dearest rights, has declared that it does not.
A correspondent asks, how it came to pass that the President of the old Congress was stiled Excellency, when there is a clause in the Confederation which forbids all titles of nobility?—He can account for it on no other principle than this, that “Excellency” was not then a title of that import.
The idea of distinctions among the same species of beings is odious—we all had the same origin, and “dust thou art” is written upon all the children of mortality.—
Blest be the golden age, pure, and refin'd, When one low level, level'd all mankind.
NOTE TO CORRESPONDENTS.
“TOM TELLTRUTH’s humorous letter is received—but we must be excused from publishing it—the subject it alludes to (compensations) has already excited apprehensions, and some degree of uneasiness: Personalities we are determined to avoid—and as Congress appear as tenacious of the rights of the people, as they are solicitous to support the independence of the Federal Legislature, there can be no doubt that their decisions will EVEN-TUALLY satisfy their constituents.
OF TITLES, PRO AND CON.
A late writer in the Massachusetts Centinel observes, as follow, viz. As for the article about “titles of nobility,” it is too absurd to merit a minute’s attention. The same article was in the Confederation; but was never even supposed to affect titles given to Constitutional officers. Besides, the title of “His Majesty” would not be a “title of nobility,” but a title of sovereignty—A title which the person who represents the “MAJESTY OF THE PEOPLE” of the United States, well deserves—and which he will ere long receive. The Supreme Executive will then be considered in Europe, as on a par with their Sovereigns—and that efficiency be found in the head of our Empire, which the voice of the whole continent has been so long and so loudly calling for.
THE PROGRESS.
Honorary Titles lead to permanent distinctions and hereditary establishments, these to monstrous taxes, and both to the ruin of liberty: For nothing is more certain, than that the pay must be raised in proportion to the imaginary consequence of the officers, to which it is appropriated. If we mean to be free let us begin early, and not suffer any innovations, which like the ignis fatuus of the evening, may lead we know not where.
[Boston Gazette.]
Extract of a letter from Bristol, May 22.
“A bill is brought into Parliament to regulate the corn and flour import and export trade, and which is expected to pass into a law, and by it great difficulties are expected to attend the importation of these articles, of which I deem it right to advise you, left by the account I gave, you should be induced to export, and be a loser.”
It should have been noticed before, in this paper, that in balloting for their respective class in the Senate, Mr. King drew the class for six years, and Mr. Schuyler that for two years.
PORTSMOUTH, AUGUST 1.
Extract of a letter from a gentleman at Halifax, formerly a citizen of this state, to his friend in this town.
“I have read, with singular pleasure, the debates of the New Congress, and in particular those on the question, “whether the Secretary of Foreign Affairs shall be removed by the President;” and must candidly confess that the speeches and debates thereon, are not to be equalled in any public assembly on earth, every expression breathes sentiments of liberty from the soul!—How happy must your situation be, under a government formed by tried patriots, culled from among millions? A government administered by men, who, if we may judge from action and speech, express themselves as if it were upon their eternal happiness; ruled by a President, whose conduct calls for a comparison from a higher power than earth: To the citizens of the United States the name of WASHINGTON sounds in their ears like the name of a friend.—How happy should I be to live under such a government—and how pleasing would it be to my friend, if he could say that I, instead of flying my country in the hour of difficulty, now Iye numbered with those heroes, who fell to establish liberty for their posterity! Heroes who sleep on earth to live in glory. But the wish of your friend is, that the proceedings of the sons of America, may be a pattern and precedent to the world, and that she may soar unrivalled in the hemisphere of glory.”
ARRIVALS. NEW-YORK.
 Saturday, Schooner Nancy, Sillock, Bay of Honduras, 32 days.  Sunday, Schooner Maria, —, St. Croix, 15 days.  Monday, Schooner Neptune, Jones, Curacoa, 15 days.  Sloop Phœnix, Robinson, Cape Francois, 10 days.  Sloop —, Wining, Cape Francois, 16 days.  Sloop Betsey and Polly, Cook, Sunbury, Georgia.  Schooner Betsey, Bean, Charleston, 6 days.  Sloop Rover, Jackson, Amsterdam, 77 days.  Sloop Nancy, Price, Philadelphia, 7 days. 
PRICE CURRENT.—NEW-YORK.
 Jamaica Spirits, - - - 5 1/2.  Antigua Rum, - - 4 9/8 a 4 11/11.  St. Croix, do. - - - 4 6/8.  Country, do. - - - 2 10/10.  Molasses, - - 2 1/2 a 2 10/10.  Brandy, - - 5 6/8 a 5 9/8.  Geneva, - - - 5 3/8.  Do. in cases, - - - 29/.  Muscovado Sugar, - - 56/ a 7 3/8.  Loaf, do. - - - 1 3/8.  Lump, do. - - - 1 1/8.  Pepper, - - - 2 10/10.  Pimento, - - 1 9/8 a 2/.  Chocolate, - - - 1 1/2.  Cocoa, - - 7 5/8 a 8 1/2.  Coffee, - - 1 1/8 a 1 9/8.  Indigo, (Carolina) - - 4/ a 6/.  Rice, - - 23/ a 24/.  Superfine Flour, - - - 4 5/8.  Common do. - - - 4 0/.  Rye do. - - 24/ a 2 5/8.  Indian Meal, - - - 1 8/.  Rye, - - 4 3/8 pr. bush.  Corn, (Southern) - - 3 9/8 a 4/.  Do. (Northern.) - - 4 3/8 a 4 6/8.  Beef, first quality, - - 4 8/ a 5 0/.  — Second quality, - - - 4 3/8.  Pork, first quality, - - - 8 1/6.  — Second quality, - - - 7 6/8.  Hams, - - 7 d. a 7 1/2.  Carolina Tobacco, - - 34 1/2 a 5 d.  Virginia - - 4 d. a 5 d. 
evident, it was said, from this, “That if ten Commissioners should be appointed, still the house may provide for such a number as they may think proper.”
In support of the motion it was said—that it is entirely improper to limit the number of the commissioners—that the constitution has expressly vested the power of forming treaties in the executive—that in fact the House has nothing further to do in the business, than to provide the necessary supplies—that if we are to be deterred from adopting the motion by the fear of abuses, the same principle may prevent the decision of the House upon almost any question that comes before them—but there are more serious abuses to be apprehended from neglect and delay in this business, than from the supposed fraudulency of those who may be appointed commissioners.—War will open a wider door to frauds and peculations—and is not (it was asked) the shedding of blood a greater evil? Is not the lacerating our defenceless citizens an abuse of a much more alarming consequence? It was further observed, that we have every reason to suppose, that such persons will be appointed, as have a character to form or support—A magnanimous policy it is expected, will be adopted by the new government—such a policy as will inspire a veneration and confidence in the minds of the Indian tribes—and if, agreeable to this idea, a respectable commission is appointed in due season, much expence in future, and a cruel war may be prevented.—It was said, that the constitution has assigned to the several parts of administration, its respective powers.—The power of forming treaties is not in the House; and if they usurp this power, they may upon the same principle assume all the powers of the constitution:—If we restrain the President as to the number of commissioners, it may be necessary for him to exceed the limitation, and it would in that case, certainly be his duty to do it—which would render the restriction nugatory.
Many more ingenious observations were offered on both sides of the question—when the vote being taken, the motion for striking out the words, passed in the affirmative by a large majority.
A motion was then made, that the committee should rise, and report the bill—upon which
Mr. JACKSON rose, and said, That he conceived it to be his indispensable duty to give the house some information respecting the deplorable situation of the defenceless, plundered, and wretched inhabitants of the State of Georgia.
Whatever Congress may do respecting the sending Commissioners to treat with the Creek Indians, except they at the same time are given to understand, and made to believe, that if they will not treat, the arm of power will be extended to teach them justice, the appointment of commissioners will be of no avail: We have lately sent commissioners, who were treated with contempt—and since that time, the people have been plundered, their houses destroyed, and numbers of them butchered, no age or sex has been spared. Mere paper negotiations they are taught to despise: Congress alone can strike them with awe: To Congress the people look for redress—and if they are not succoured and relieved by the Union, they must seek protection elsewhere: In full confidence of this support and protection they were led to the unanimous adoption of the New Constitution—And shall their hopes and expectations be defeated? I trust not. Their chief has his emissaries in S. and North-Carolina, and in Georgia—and the determination of this Legislature will be soon known to him. It is in vain to think of giving security to the citizens of Georgia, or bringing these Indians to treat, without inspiring a full apprehension that a sufficient force will be raised to convince them of the power of the United States to bring them to terms. Mr. Jackson added several other observations, and concluded by reading a clause, which he moved should be added to the bill—providing for the raising a sufficient military force, for the protection of the inhabitants of the State of Georgia, in case the Creeks refuse to enter into a treaty.
This motion was seconded, but after some debate it was withdrawn.
The committee then rose, and the Chairman reported the bill, with the amendments, to which the house acceded, and voted that the bill be engrossed for a third reading to morrow.
The message received from the President yesterday, was read, and referred to a committee of the whole house on the state of the Union. Mr. Jackson then brought forward his clause in the form of a resolution, which was referred to the same committee.
Mr. WADSWORTH, of the joint committee appointed to consider and report when it will be convenient for Congress to adjourn—also to report what business, now before Congress, must be necessarily attended to previous to a recess, bro't in a report to this effect:—That it will be proper and convenient for Congress to adjourn on the twelfth of September next—and that postponing other business, till the next session, it will be necessary to attend to the following, previous to the adjournment, viz.

CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES.
Begun and held at the City of New-York, on Wednesday the Fourth of March, One Thousand Seven Hundred and Eighty-Nine.
An ACT to regulate the collection of the DUTIES imposed by Law on the TONNAGE of SHIPS or VESSELS, and on GOODS, WARES, and MERCHANDIZE, imported into the UNITED STATES.
(CONTINUED.)
And be it further enacted, That the master or commander of every ship or vessel bound to a port of delivery only, in any of the following districts to wit: Portland and Falmouth, Bath, Newburyport, New-London (except the port of Stonington in the said district) Norfolk and Portsmouth, Bermuda-Hundred and City-Point, York-Town or Tappahannock (except the port of Urbanna in the said district) shall first come to at the port of entry of such district, with his ship or vessel, and there make entry, deliver a manifest of her cargo, and pay, or secure to be paid, all legal duties, tonnage, port fees and charges, in manner by this act provided, before such ship or vessel shall proceed to her port of delivery; and that any ship or vessel bound to a port of delivery in any other district not under like restrictions by this act, or to either of the ports of Stonington, or Urbanna, may first proceed to her port of delivery, and then make legal entry within the time by this act limited.
And be it further enacted, That the master or commander of every ship or vessel, if bound to the district of Nottingham, shall, before he passes by the port of Town-Creek, and immediately after his arrival, deposit with the surveyor of the said port, a true manifest of the cargo on board such ship or vessel; if bound to any district on the Potomack, shall, before he passes by the rivers Saint Mary's and Yeocomico, and immediately after his arrival, deposit with the surveyor at Saint Mary's, or the collector at Yeocomico, as may be most convenient, a true manifest of the cargo on board such ship or vessel, including a declaration of the port at which the same is to be entered; if bound to the district of Tappahannock, shall, before he passes by the port of Urbanna, and immediately after his arrival, deposit with the surveyor for that port, a like manifest; and if bound to the district of Bermuda-hundred or City-Point, shall, before he passes by Elizabeth river, and immediately after his arrival, deposit with the collector of the port of Hampton, a like manifest; and the said surveyors and collectors respectively, shall, after registering the manifests, transmit the same duly certified to have been so deposited, to the officer with whom the entries are to be made, without which certificate no such entry shall be received.
And be it further enacted, That the duties of the respective officers to be appointed by virtue of this act, shall be as follows: At such of the ports to which there shall be appointed a collector, naval-officer and surveyor, it shall be the duty of the collector to receive all reports, manifests and documents made or exhibited to him by the master or commander of any ship or vessel, conformable to the regulations prescribed by this act, to make due entry and record in books to be kept for that purpose, all such manifests and the packages, marks and numbers contained therein; to receive the entry of all ships and vessels, and of all the goods, wares and merchandise imported in such ships or vessels, together with the original invoices thereof; to estimate the duties payable thereon, and to endorse the same on each entry; to receive all monies paid for duties, and to take all bonds for securing the payment of duties; to grant all permits for all unloading and delivery of goods, to employ proper persons as weighers, gaugers, measurers and inspectors at the several ports within his district, together with such persons as shall be necessary to serve in the boats which may be provided for securing the collection of the revenue, to provide at the public expence, and with the approbation of the principal officer of the treasury department, store houses for the safe keeping of goods, together with such scales, weights and measures as shall be deemed necessary, and to perform all other duties which shall be assigned to him by law. It shall be the duty of the naval-officer to receive copies of all manifests, to estimate and record the duties on each entry made with the collector, and to correct any error made therein, before a permit to unload or deliver shall be granted; to countersign all permits and clearances granted by the collector. It shall be the duty of the surveyor to superintend and direct all inspectors, weighers, measurers, and gaugers, within his district, and the employment of the boats which may be provided for securing the collection of the revenue; to go on board ships or vessels arriving within his district, or to put on board one or more inspectors, to ascertain, by an hydrometer, what distilled spirits shall be of Jamaica proof, rating all distilled spirits which shall be of the proof of twenty-four degrees as of Jamaica proof, and to examine whether the goods imported are conformable to the entries thereof; and the said surveyors shall in all cases be subject to the controul of the collector and naval-officer.
And be it further enacted, That every collector appointed in virtue of this act, in case of his necessary absence, sickness, or inability to execute the duties of his office, may appoint a deputy, duly authorized under his hand and seal, to execute and perform on his behalf, all and singular the powers, functions and duties of collector of the district to which he the said principal is attached, who shall be answerable for the neglect of duty, or other mal-conduct of his said deputy in the execution of the office.
And be it further enacted, That in case of the disability or death of any collector, the duties and authorities vested in him by this act shall devolve on his deputy, if any such hath been appointed, (for whose conduct the estate of such disabled or deceased collector shall be liable) and the said deputy shall exercise the authority and perform all the duties, until a successor shall be appointed. But in cases where no deputy is appointed, the authorities and duties of the disabled or deceased collector, shall devolve upon the naval officer of the same district, until a successor duly authorised and sworn, shall enter upon the execution of the duties of the said office.
And be it further enacted, That at such of the ports established by this act, to which a collector and surveyor only are assigned, the said collector shall execute all the duties herein required to be done by the collector and naval officer at other ports. That at such ports to which a collector only is assigned, such collector shall possess all the powers, and execute as far as may be, all the duties prescribed to a collector, naval-officer, and surveyor, at the ports where such officers are established; that at such ports of delivery only, to which a surveyor is assigned, it shall be his duty to receive and record the copies of all manifests transmitted to him by the collector; to enter and record all permits granted by such collector, distinguishing the gauge, weight, measure and quality of the goods specified therein; to take care that no goods be unladen or delivered from any ship or vessel without such permit; and to perform all other duties required to be done by a surveyor: That at such ports of delivery only, to which no surveyor is assigned, it shall be the duty of the collector of the district to attend the unloading and delivery of goods, or in cases of necessity, to employ a proper person or persons for that purpose, who shall possess the power, and be entitled to the like compensation allowed to inspectors during the time they are employed. Every collector, naval-officer, and surveyor, shall attend in person at the port or district for which he is appointed, and before he enters on the execution of his office, shall take an oath or affirmation in the form following, to wit: "I _____, do solemnly swear, or affirm (as the case may be) that I will truly and faithfully execute and perform all the duties of a _____ of the port or district of _____ according to law, and the best of my skill and ability." The said oath or affirmation shall be administered by any justice of the peace, and a certificate thereof, under the hand and seal of such justice, transmitted within three months thereafter to the comptroller of the treasury: Any collector, naval-officer or surveyor,
failing herein, shall forfeit and pay two hundred dollars, recoverable with costs in any court having cognizance thereof, to the use of the informer. And no weigher, gauger, measurer or inspector shall execute the duties of his office, until he shall have taken the above oath or affirmation.
And be it further enacted, That the collectors, naval-officers and surveyors to be appointed by virtue of this act, shall respectively keep fair and true accounts of all their transactions relative to their duty as officers of the customs, in such manner and form as may be directed by the proper department, or officer appointed by law to superintend the revenue of the United States; and shall at all times submit their books, papers and accounts, to the inspection of such persons as may be appointed for that purpose: And the collectors of the different ports shall at all times pay to the order of the officer who shall be authorised to direct the same, the whole of the monies which they may respectively receive by virtue of this act (such monies as they are otherwise by this act directed to pay, only excepted) and shall also, once in every three months, or oftener if they shall be required, transmit their accounts for settlement to the department or officer before mentioned.
And be it further enacted, That every master or other person having or taking the charge or command of any ship or vessel, bound to any port of the United States, from any foreign port or place, shall deliver upon demand, to any officer or other person lawfully authorised, who shall first come on board his ship or vessel, two manifests, signed by the said master or person having command, and specifying in words (and not in figures) a true account of the loading which such ship or vessel had on board at the port from which the last sailed, and at the time of her sailing, or at any time since, the packages, marks, and numbers, and noting thereon to what port in the United States such ship or vessel is bound, and the name or names of the person or persons to whom the goods are consigned, or in cases where the goods are shipped to order, the names of the shippers, noting the goods consigned to their order. One of which manifests, such officer, or other person shall sign, and return to the master or other person having the charge of such ship or vessel, certifying thereon as nearly as may be, the time when the same was produced, and that a like manifest was delivered to him; and shall transmit the other manifest to the collector of the district to which such ship or vessel is bound.
And be it further enacted, That the master or other person, having the charge or command of any ship or vessel (ships and vessels of war excepted) coming into, or arriving in any of the ports or districts of the United States, or in any of the creeks or harbours thereof, shall, within forty-eight hours after such arrival, repair to the office of the collector of the district where such vessel shall so arrive, and shall report to the said collector, the place from whence he last sailed, with the name and burthen of his ship or vessel, and shall deliver to such collector two manifests, agreeably to the directions of this act, unless he shall before have delivered one manifest to some officer, or other person lawfully authorised in manner as herein before is required; in which case, he shall deliver the manifest certified as aforesaid, together with such documents as are usually furnished in the port from whence they came, and shall take and subscribe an oath or affirmation, before the collector or other proper officer, which oath or affirmation, he or they are authorised and required to administer, and shall be in the words following, to wit: "I, _____, do solemnly swear or affirm (as the case may be) that this is, to the best of my knowledge and belief, a just and true manifest of all the goods, wares, and merchandise, on board the _____, at the port from which she last sailed, at the time of her sailing, or at any time since, and of which vessel I am at present master." And if the master or other person having charge or command of any such ship or vessel, shall refuse or neglect to make entry, or deliver his manifests and documents, pursuant to the directions of this act, or to take the oath or affirmation herein prescribed, he shall forfeit and pay five hundred dollars for each refusal or neglect.
And be it further enacted, That no goods, wares or merchandise shall be unladen or delivered, from any ship or vessel, but in open day, or without a permit from the collector for that purpose; and if the master or commander of any ship or vessel shall suffer or permit the same, such master and commander, and every other person who shall be aiding or assisting in landing, removing, housing, or otherwise securing the same, shall forfeit and pay the sum of four hundred dollars for every offence; shall moreover be disabled from holding any office of trust or profit under the United States, for a term not exceeding seven years; and it shall be the duty of the collector of the district, to advertise the names of all such persons in the public gazette of the state in which he resides, within twenty days after each respective conviction. And all goods, wares and merchandise so landed or discharged, shall become forfeited, and may be seized by any officer of the customs; and where the value thereof shall amount to four hundred dollars, the vessel, tackle, apparel and furniture, shall be subject to like forfeiture and seizure: PROVIDED ALWAYS, That if any ship or vessel compelled by distress of weather, or other sufficient cause, shall put into any port or place of the United States, other than that to which the vessel was actually destined, the master or other person having command, shall within forty-eight hours next after his arrival, make report and deliver a true manifest of his cargo to the collector of the port or district; and moreover shall within twenty-four hours, make protest in the usual form before a notary public or justice of the peace, of the cause and circumstances of such distress; and if it shall appear to the collector, that there is a necessity for unloading such ship or vessel, he shall grant permission, and appoint a proper officer to attend the unloading thereof; and all goods, wares and merchandise so unladen, shall be stored under the direction, and subject to the safe keeping of such collector; but if any part thereof shall be of a perishable nature, or it may be necessary to make sale of any part thereof to defray the expenses of such vessel or cargo, the said collector shall grant a licence to the master, commander or owner, to dispose of so much thereof as are perishable, or shall be necessary to defray such expenses: PROVIDED, That the duties thereon be first paid or secured: AND PROVIDED ALSO, That such necessity be made appear by the wardens of the port, or other persons, legally authorised to certify the same, and where there are no such persons, by the affidavit of two reputable citizens of the neighborhood, best acquainted with matters of that kind.
And be it further enacted, That every person having goods, wares or merchandise, in any ship or vessel, which shall arrive at any port of entry, or of delivery only, shall make entry with the collector of the port or district where the same shall arrive, of all such goods, wares and merchandise, specifying the number of packages, and the marks, numbers and contents of each (or if in bulk, the quantity and quality) together with an account of the nett prime cost thereof; and shall moreover produce to the collector, the original invoice or invoices, together with the bills of lading: And the said collector shall estimate and endorse the duties on the said entry, contains the whole of the goods, wares and merchandise imported by him, or to him consigned in such ship or vessel, which shall then have come to his knowledge, and that the said invoice contains to the best of his knowledge and belief, the nett prime cost thereof, and that if he shall afterwards discover any other, or greater quantity than is contained in such entry, he will make due report and entry thereof: And the said oath or affirmation shall be administered by the collector, and the entry shall be subscribed by the person making the same. PROVIDED, That in all cases where the party making entry shall reside ten miles or upwards from such port, the affidavit or affirmation of such party, taken before a justice of the peace, and by him endorsed on the original invoices, shall be as effectual as if administered and endorsed by the collector.
And be it further enacted, That all such entries so authenticated by the collector, together with a copy of the same made out by the party, shall, before any permit is granted for the landing, of any goods, wares or merchandise therein contained, be examined by the naval-officer (where such officer is established) who shall countersign the same, and retaining one, shall return the other certified to the party, together with the bills of lading, and invoice or invoices; and on such certified entries being returned to the collector, and the duties thereon paid or secured to be paid, he shall grant a permit for the unloading and landing of the goods, wares and merchandise therein mentioned. And at such ports for which no naval-officer is appointed, the collector shall grant like permits for the unloading and landing of all such goods as shall be so entered, and the duties thereof paid or secured.
And be it further enacted, That it shall and may be lawful for the collector, naval-officer, and surveyor, of any port of entry or such ship or vessel may, arrive, to put on board the unloading and landing of all such goods as shall be so entered, and the duties thereof paid or secured.
And be it further enacted, That it shall and may be lawful for the collector, naval-officer, and surveyor, of any port of entry or such ship or vessel may, arrive, to put on board the unloading and landing of all such goods as shall be so entered, and the duties thereof paid or secured.
And as soon as any ship or vessel is entirely unladen, he shall with the collector and naval officer, compare the account and entries he has made of the goods unladen from such ship or vessel, with the manifest delivered to the collector, and if it appears that there are more goods than are specified in the said manifest, the same shall be endorsed thereon, with a description of the packages, their marks and numbers, or of such goods as may be in bulk, and the same shall be subscribed by such inspector, who is hereby directed to remain on board the said ship or vessel until he is discharged: PROVIDED ALWAYS, That the said limitation of fifteen days shall not extend to vessels laden with salt or coal, but if the master or owner of such vessels require longer time to discharge their cargoes, the wages of the inspector for every day's attendance, exceeding the said fifteen days shall be paid by the master or owner. And if any goods, wares or merchandise, subject to duty, shall be removed from the wharf or place where the same may be landed, before they shall be weighed, or gauged (as the case may be) or without the consent of the collector, or other proper officer, all such goods, wares, or merchandise, so removed, shall be forfeited. All goods delivered to the collector in manner aforesaid, shall be kept at the charge and risque of the owner, for a term not exceeding nine months; and if within that time no claim be made for the same, an appraisement thereof shall be made by two or more reputable merchants, and lodged with the collector, who shall sell the same at public auction, and pay the proceeds, retaining the duties and charges thereon, into the treasury of the United States, there to remain for the use of the owner, who shall upon due proof of his property, be entitled to receive the same; and the receipt or certificate of the collector, shall exonerate the master or commander from all claim of the owner. PROVIDED, That where not entry shall have been duly made of such goods, the same shall not be appraised; and that where such goods are of a perishable nature, they shall be sold forthwith.
And be it further enacted, That if any goods, wares or merchandise, on which duties are payable, shall receive damage during the voyage, or shall not be accompanied with the original invoice of their cost, it shall be lawful for the collector to appoint one merchant, and the owner or consignee another, who being sworn or affirmed by the collector well and truly to appraise such goods, shall value them accordingly, and the duties upon such goods shall be estimated according to such valuation; and if any package, or any goods stowed in bulk which shall have been entered as is herein before directed, shall not be duly delivered, or if any of the packages so entered shall not agree with the manifest, or if the manifest shall not agree with the delivery, in every such case the person having command shall forfeit and pay the sum of two hundred dollars, unless it shall appear that such disagreement was occasioned by unavoidable necessity or accident, and not with intention to defraud the revenue.
And be it further enacted, That the ad valorem rates of duty upon all goods, wares and merchandise, at the place of importation, shall be estimated by adding twenty per cent. to the actual cost thereof, if imported from the Cape of Good-Hope, or from any place beyond the same; and ten per cent. on the actual cost thereof, if imported from any other place or country, exclusive of all charges.
And be it further enacted, That all foreign coin and currencies shall be estimated according to the following rates; each pound sterling of Great-Britain at four dollars, forty-four cents; each livre tournois of France at eighteen cents and an half; each florin or guilder of the United Netherlands at thirty-nine cents; each mark banco of Hamburg at thirty-nine cents and one third; each rix dollar of Denmark at one hundred cents; each rix dollar of Sweden at one hundred cents; each ruble of Russia at one hundred cents; each real plate of Spain at ten cents; each milree of Portugal at one dollar and twenty four cents; each pound sterling of Ireland at four dollars ten cents; each tale of China at one dollar forty-eight cents; each pagoda of India at one dollar ninety-four cents; each rupee of Bengal at fifty-five cents and a half; and all other denominations of money in value as near as may be to the said rates; and the invoices of all importations, shall be made out in the currency of the place or country, from whence the importation shall be made, and not otherwise.
And be it further enacted, That all duties on goods, wares, and merchandise imported, shall be paid by the importer, before a permit shall be granted for landing the same, unless the amount of such duties shall exceed fifty dollars, in which case it shall be at the option of the party making entry, to secure the same by bond, with one or more sufficient sureties, to be approved of by the collector, and made payable as followeth, to wit: For the duties upon all articles of West-India produce, within four months; for the duties upon all Madeira wines, within twelve months; and for the duties upon all other goods, within six months; but in any case the party making entry shall be at liberty to deposit with the collector any part of the goods, upon which such duties shall arise, of double the value in the judgment of the collector to secure the payment of the duties with the charges, which deposit the collector shall accept in lieu of such bond and security, and shall safely keep the goods so deposited, at the expence and risque of the party, for the term for which such bond would have been given, at the expiration whereof, unless the said deposit shall have been redeemed by the payment of the duties, the said goods shall be sold at public sale, and as much as shall be necessary applied to the payment of the said duties, and the residue, after deducting the charges, which have accrued, shall be paid to the owner, or owners of such goods. PROVIDED ALWAYS, That where the amount of duties shall exceed fifty dollars, a discount shall be allowed for prompt payment, after the rate of ten per centum per annum on the amount of such excess: AND PROVIDED ALSO, That no person whose bond for the payment of duties is due and unsatisfied, shall be allowed a future credit with the collector, until such bond shall be fully paid or discharged.
And be it further enacted, That all the duties imposed by law on the tonnage of any ship or vessel, shall be paid to the collector, within ten days after entry made, and before such ship or vessel shall be permitted to clear out; the register of which ship or vessel at the time of entry, shall be lodged in the office of the collector, and there remain until such clearance.
(To be continued.)