Gazette of the United-States. (New-York [N.Y.]), 1789-12-12 00:00:00

Gazette of the United States.
[No. LXX.]
SATURDAY, DECEMBER 12, 1789.
[Published on Wednesday and Saturday.]
THE TABLET.—No. LXX.
"Honest measures will be most apt, in the long run, to gain the concurrence of the public opinion."
WE need not have recourse to any abstract notions of moral obligation to furnish a reason, why mankind have generally approved of truth and fair dealing. Whatever may be the original bias of the human heart with respect to good and evil, or whether it naturally has any bias either way, is not material in elucidating the subject of this speculation. It is sufficient for my present purpose to attend to facts, without looking into the origin of principles, or estimating the merit of motives. On this ground, if on no other, we may venture to pronounce that justice and veracity assimilate so readily with the common sentiments of men, that whoever, does not observe these duties, hazards the loss of his influence and happiness. In a tumultuous state of society, it is true, these virtues seem to be disregarded; but they will soon gain their accustomed estimation, when order and tranquility are restored. It is only in those situations, where people cannot reflect calmly and act soberly, that falsehood and injustice do not meet with public indignation. Declarations that are false, and actions that are unjust may assume such a disguise as to gain popular approbation, under the idea that they are true and just. The opinions of men may be so distracted, and their tempers so agitated with new and difficult circumstances, that they may be utterly at a loss in what their duty or their interest consists. Under such embarrassments, people commit errors, while they suppose they are acting wisely; and suspend the practice of the moral duties from an ignorance of the comprehensive nature of morality. But as no society can be long held together, in a state so convulsed as to dissipate ideas of moral rectitude, we must conclude that a restoration of government will awaken anew the sentiments of moral obligation. There never can be a long period when men can cease to perform their obligations without sustaining private inconvenience and public reproach. The existence of society pre-supposes some controlling influence of virtuous attributes. Whether they are the effect of fear of punishment, or love of duty, I still call them virtuous, because they are useful. If these reflections are just, they should inspire us with caution against imbibing the opinions or imitating the actions of those who avail themselves of disordered times to bewilder and pervert the public ideas of veracity and justice.
The truth of my motto is amply illustrated in the fate of the leading characters who have conducted us to independence and government. It is worthy of remark that those men, who are now held in veneration and employed in public service, are principally the men, who have all along delivered the same opinions, and recommended the same measures, that have finally coincided with the public opinion. But when we look on the other hand, and behold characters of an opposite description, how are they neglected and fallen! There was a time, when the friends of disorder and injustice beguiled the public mind into a belief that they were the friends of freedom and virtue. Such delusions however can never have a long continuance. Opinions, that cannot bear the test of a strict examination, much less of a fair experiment, must be renounced, when the people are left to cool reflection. Men averse to good government can never long hold an ascendancy in society, unless the objects of human happiness, and the feelings of the human heart undergo an alteration.
It should encourage our patriots and legislators to persevere in a course of honor and justice, by contemplating that they have gone through the most hazardous and difficult trials, to which our affairs will probably be exposed. The objects of legislation that will now rise into view are so great and extensive, that honest minds may be alarmed at their magnitude and variety. This circumstance may deter some people from venturing to adopt those systems that wear the face of intrinsic propriety and excellence. When men have long been accustomed to temporary expedients and partial arrangements they cannot at once collect fortitude to embrace measures, that shall have a general, permanent operation. But it must be concluded that plans founded in wisdom are not to be rejected because they are great; and those founded in honesty should be recommended, notwithstanding they may be new.
EXTRACT.
AN infant begot on a dunghill, brought forth in a pigsty, and swathed with a rotten remnant of the covering of an ass, may have talents and capacity above the son of an Emperor.
EXTRACTS from the ADDRESS of the first PRESBYTERY of the Eastward,
To GEORGE WASHINGTON, PRESIDENT of the UNITED STATES.
SIR, WE, the ministers and ruling elders, delegated to represent the churches in Massachusetts and New-Hampshire, which compose The First Presbytery of the Eastward, now holding a stated session in this town, beg leave to approach your presence with genuine feelings of the deepest veneration and highest esteem.
"In unison with rejoicing millions we felicitate our country, and ourselves, on your unanimous election to the highest office a nation can bestow; and on your acceptance of the trust, with every evidence, which a citizen can give, of being actuated thereto by the purest principles of patriotism, of piety and of self-denial.
"Great was the joy of our hearts to see the late tedious and destructive war at length terminated, in a fair and honorable peace—to see the liberty and independence of our country happily secured—to see wise constitutions of civil government peaceably established in the several States—and especially to see a confederation of them all, finally agreed on by the general voice.
"But, amid all our joys, we ever contemplated with regret the want of efficiency in the federal government; we ardently wished for a form of NATIONAL UNION, which should draw the cord of amity more closely around the several States—which should concentrate their interests, and reduce the freemen of America to one great body, ruled by one head, and animated by one soul.
"And, now, we devoutly offer our humble tribute of praise and thanksgiving to the all-gracious FATHER OF LIGHTS, who has inspired our public councils with a wisdom and firmness which have effected that desirable purpose, in so great a measure, by the National Constitution ; and who has fixed the eyes of all America on you, as the worthiest of their citizens, to be entrusted with the execution of it.
"Whatever any have supposed wanting in the original plan, we are happy to see so wisely providing in its amendments: and it is with peculiar satisfaction that we behold, how easily the entire confidence of the people, in the man who sits at the helm of government, has eradicated every remaining objection to its form.
"Among these we never considered the want of a religious test, that grand engine of persecution in every tyrant's hand: But, we should not have been alone in rejoicing, to have seen some explicit acknowledgement of the only TRUE GOD AND JESUS CHRIST whom he hath sent, inserted, somewhere, in the Magna Charta of our country."
"Under the nurturing hand of a RULER, of such virtues, and one so deservedly revered by all ranks, we joyfully indulge the hope, that virtue and religion will revive and flourish—that infidelity, and the vices ever attendant in its train, will be banished every polite circle—and that national piety will soon become fashionable there, and from thence be diffused among all ranks in the community."
Newbury-Port, Oct. 28, 1789.
THE ANSWER.
GENTLEMEN, THE affectionate welcome, which you are pleased to give me to the eastern parts of the Union, would leave me without excuse, did I fail to acknowledge the sensibility which it awakens; and to express the most sincere return, that a grateful sense of your goodness can suggest.
To be approved by the praiseworthy, is a wish as natural to becoming ambition as its consequence is flattering to our self-love.
I am, indeed, much indebted to the favorable sentiments, which you entertain towards me, and it will be my study to deserve them.
The tribute of thanksgiving, which you offer to the gracious FATHER OF LIGHTS, for his inspiration of our public councils with wisdom and firmness to complete the national constitution, is worthy of men, who devoted to the pious purposes of religion, desire their accomplishment by such means as advance the temporal happiness of their fellow men. And, here, I am persuaded, you will permit me to observe, that the path of true piety is so plain as to require but little political direction.
To this consideration we ought to ascribe the absence of any regulation respecting religion from the Magna Charta of our country. To the guidance of the ministers of the Gospel, this important object is, perhaps, more properly committed. It will be your care to instruct the ignorant, and to reclaim the devious: And in the progress of morality and science, to which our
government will give every furtherance, we may confidently expect the advancement of true religion, and the completion of our happiness.
I pray the munificent Rewarder of Virtue, that your agency in this good work may receive its compensation here and hereafter.
G. WASHINGTON.
An animated, natural, and interesting description of the POOR MAN'S LOT.
An EXTRACT from the NORWICH PACKET.
THE third class are planted down in the dark, dismal valley, at the foot of mount opulence; where fogs and damp vapors envelope them in perpetual obscurity and indigence: They live chiefly on the fruits of the mountain, washed down from the inaccessible heights into the small rivulets of charity—these rivulets are sometimes almost dry:—The half built houses of these people are no barriers against the fierce northerly winds. The descending cold rains have free access to every apartment, which by the way are not numerous—if by chance you happen in at their habitation, your eyes are not dazzled with shining furniture, but darkened by wooden windows; are you fatigued by a long walk to visit them, and fainting for want of refreshment when you arrive there, a cup of cold water and a piece of coarse bread are all their gratitude can set before you. Their children, though numerous, are clad in rags, and endeavor to hide themselves when you approach, lest their nakedness should appear. Poverty is to be seen in all they possess; view their bedding in a cold winter's evening, bless me! how would a rich man's children sleep under such slight covering? View their table when set with their best dishes, how would the heart of a full fed man ache to be obliged to take up with such fare?
"The heart that melts at other's woe, Shall find each selfish sorrow less; The mind, that happiness bestows, Reflected happiness shall bless."
L O N D O N.
FURTHER ACCOUNT OF THE PROCEEDINGS OF FRANCE.
WHEN the Hotel de Ville was plundered on Monday, the women, who were the first to force it open, found means in the course of the short time they were there, to plunder the Treasury Chest of 200,000 livres; half of which being in bills, was afterwards recovered, the rest was divided among the plunderers. This forcible entrance was fortunately made so early in the morning that none of the Magistrates were assembled; they might otherwise have probably been conducted to the gallows, which had been erected very early in the morning to be ready on any occasion.
Though the national guard was assembled before the Mansion House in great numbers at the time it was forced, they did not offer to make the least resistance to the women, but suffered them to plunder, while they looked on as unconcerned spectators. Besides the money, it was here the women furnished themselves with the fire arms and weapons, with which they afterwards marched to Versailles.
Some of the populace headed by the women, attempted to set fire to the Hotel de Ville; the intended conflagration was, however, prevented by a youth who, at the imminent hazard of his life rushed forwards, and in a most surprising manner extinguished the flame which had just caught the building.—On being desired by some Members of the National Assembly to demand a reward for his services and intrepidity, he nobly refused all pecuniary compensation, and requested only that he might have the honor of having his name enrolled in the Paris militia.
[We have given various accounts of the late Commotions at Versailles: The following appears to be wrote with candor; and if true, the transaction which it relates, turns out to be an accidental business, rather than a precipitate development of a deep-laid design to defeat the patriotic plans of the National Assembly—and restore the government of France to its former despotic state.]
The following account of what passed at the Entertainment given by the Life Guards to the Flanders regiment, may be depended upon, as it is given by an officer who was one of the guests;
"The Life Guards sent invitations not only to the officers of the Regiment de Flandre, and of the Regiment de Montmorency (dragoons) but also to those of the Versailles militia. The tables were spread on the stage of the Opera house in

the palace. While the guests were at table, the officer who sat at the head of it, informed the company that his Majesty hearing that his guards were to have the honor of entertaining the officers of the different military corps at Versailles, had hunted the day before, and ordered that as much of the game that had been killed, as might be thought sufficient, should be sent in his name to his guards, to enable them the better to entertain their guests. That part therefore of the entertainment he said they owed to his Majesty's bounty. This was considered by the whole company as a mark of amiable condescension in his Majesty, for which they expressed their grateful acknowledgments. Several loyal and patriotic toasts were given, and at the head of them, the King—the Queen—the Dauphin—the Nation.
“Many jovial songs were sung, and the company were just on the point of breaking up in good humor, extremely satisfied with their entertainment, and without saying a word about politics, or public affairs, when the King, the Queen, and the Dauphin, made their appearance in the amphitheatre, in one of the boxes, with a view to enjoy the novel sight of a repas militaire .”
“As soon as the company perceived the Royal Visitors, who had thus honored them with their presence, Count d’Estaing, the Marquis de Lusignan, and Count de Montmorency, advanced all three to the front of the stage, each with a bumper in his hand, and bowing most respectfully to their Majesties and the Dauphin, drank off their glasses, without saying any thing, and leaving it to their Majesties to guess from the circumstances, that those three noblemen had done themselves the honor of drinking their Majesties health, and that of the Heir Apparent.”
“The other guests, however, were not silent—they shouted applause, and made the theatre ring with repeated cries of Vive le Roi—Vive la Reine—Vive le Dauphin .”
“Upon this, some of the young officers taking a bottle of wine and a glass, leaped over the orchestra, climbed up into the boxes, and approaching the King, humbly entreated his Majesty to do them the honor of taking a glass of wine. The King took the glass with great complacency, and bowed graciously to the company, drank to the health of all present. The shouts of Vive le Roi were then renewed—and then it was the music struck up,”
“Oh Richard—Oh mon Roi!”
“The Queen’s sensibility was affected by all these circumstances, and she burst into tears. Upon this his Majesty taking her with one hand, and his son with the other, immediately withdrew—a crowd of officers got round him, and attended him to the door of the royal apartment.”
“It was after that, the officers pulled the National cockades from their hats—but so little was this preconceived or foreseen, that very few of them could at that time procure black cockades to replace them.”
On Monday His Excellency the French Ambassador received an express from Paris, to acquaint him that the reports of several Noblemen having been killed, were wholly untrue. It likewise makes mention, that the city of Paris was tolerably quiet all Thursday, owing partly to a considerable arrival of corn in the morning, which had given the people great consolation. Every necessary precaution is likewise taken to prevent an insurrection, by a double guard being placed all over the city.
The servants of Paris have resolved to raise for the public use, the sum of one million of livres or about forty thousand guineas.
Letters from Paris, received on Thursday, state that Count d’Estaing and the Duke of Brissack have been arrested.
Extract of a letter from Vienna, August 19.
“Letters from Constantinople of the 8th of July mention the escape of a Chevalier Lombard, who was taken by the Turks in the beginning of the war, and the Porte being informed of the value set on his abilities by Russia, have constantly refused every offer of ransom made by the court of Petersburg for that officer. His escape has so irritated the Porte, that they have banished the Terzana-Emini, who is accused of negligence, and have replaced him by a very active and rigorous successor, who has begun by doubling the chains of all the Russian and Austrian prisoners. It is even said, that in consequence of this event the Russian Ambassadors, confined in the Seven Towers, has been shut up closer than before; but this report wants confirmation, as other letters from that place make no mention of that circumstance.”
OF SILAS DEAN.
The situation of Silas Dean, at Brussels, during the latter end of the American war, was little better than starving; for he durst not go to France, America, nor England, and he declared that Congress were in his debt sixteen thousand pounds. His situation in England has been since worse than in Brussels, for here he literally starved, and would have died for want, had not a gentleman of fashion been an eye witness, that he not only wanted food, but a bed to lie upon. A
collection of about 70 pounds, was then made for him, and with that supply he got on ship board, with an intention to return to America as his derisive resource. On board this vessel he died.
EXEMPLARY PATRIOTISM.
The pecuniary presents lately made to the French National Assembly have been great, and are increasing daily. The Duke of Orleans has given 2,500,000 livres; M. Neckar 100,000 livres; l’Abbe de S. Non, 4000 livres, one moiety of his abbey; M. Nicola, President of the Chambre des Comptes, resigned a pension of 10,000 livres, and gave 25,000; M. de Atigre, a refugee, in England, 100,000 crowns. The Invalid guards though poor, presented 300 livres; the Canons of St. Genevieve sent to the mint a silver chandelier, the finest, perhaps, in France, its weight 248 marks, of 8 ounces each. The Company of Booksellers gave 20,000 livres; the Patriotic Society of Versailles gave 88,000 livres; A private soldier of the Paris militia 318; M. Rigaud, 1000; the pupils of an Academy, 1400. &c. A lady of easy virtue , sent 12,000 livres, with the following note, “Gentlemen, I have a heart formed for love. I have realized the inclosed by my amours, and I remit it to you as an offering to my country. May my example be followed by my companions of ALL classes.” At Havre, the citizens have presented all their silver buckles, &c. the Governor his plate: M. Rial, plate to the amount of 15,000 livres, also a remittance of 10,000 livres. These sacrifices, with what will follow, must soon make the treasury of France respectable.
What would the imperious tyrant Louis XIV. say, could he review, and behold his proud palace of Versailles guarded by simple citizens in plain coats? Such is the present state of the successor of this immortal man.
Among the humbugs of the day, is that of a man residing in a well known public square, pretending to possess an art, unconnected with animal magnetism, electricity, or any other science yet made public, but an art which he will not name, and to teach which he notwithstanding has the modesty to demand no less a sum than an hundred guineas. Yet, strange to tell, among his pupils are the duchess of Devonshire, countess of Harrington, Lord Rivers, and many of the members of both houses of parliament!
STOCKHOLM, SEPT. 15.
Accounts were received here this morning, that the King of Sweden had quitted the neighborhood of Hogfors, and fallen back to the frontiers of his own dominions. The Russians attempted to cut off the Swedish garrison in their retreat; in which they would probably have succeeded, had it not been for the spirited efforts of a battalion of the West Gotha-Dal Regiment, who prevented the landing of the enemy’s troops that had been embarked in thirteen gallies with a view to make a descent at some distance from that fortress.
PARIS, OCTOBER 6.
Extract of a letter from Havre de Grace Oct. 14.
“Among other means of throwing silver into the hands of Government, we are called upon by the city magistrates to offer our silver buckles; crows are from morning to night at the town house, making a patriotick exchange of silver buckles for strings or metal buckles. The Governor has sent to Paris his plate. Mr. Rial, of the house of Guerard Rial and Co. has done the same to the amount of 15,000, accompanied by remittances of 10,000. as a free gift. Le Corps des Negoians in Havre have come to a resolution of immediately paying the 25 per cent. of their income taxed by the Assembly, instead of waiting the eighteen months allowed.”
UNITED STATES.
AUGUSTA, OCTOBER 17.
Colonel Irwin, of Washington county, has informed government, that Mr. Jafford had removed from his place near Long Buffon the 30th ult. when it was found that the treaty had failed. That the Indians had returned, and crossed over on this side the Oconee, and on the 5th instant, burnt his house, and carried off some corn. The people at Capt. Kemp’s fort being alarmed at this, and there appearing much sign in the neighborhood, they evacuated it on the 9th, and the Indians burnt it on the 10th. The Colonel further represents that the people are much in perplexity, between the danger to which their families are exposed, and the importance of saving their little crops, what steps to take.
Oct. 24. The weather has been most uncommonly severe for the season for some days past—On Thursday and Friday mornings, it had froze to that degree, that the ice was about the thickness of a dollar.
Nov. 14. On Monday last the Senate proceeded a third time to vote for a Governor, when Edward Telfair, Esq. was unanimously chosen to that important office.
CHARLESTON, Nov. 23.
Thursday last was observed in this city as a day of public thanksgiving, agreeably to the Proclamation of the President of the United States.
There was every where a total suspension of business, and a general resort of the inhabitants to the different churches, where divine service was performed in the forenoon, and the several ministers, with pious energy, endeavored to impress the minds of their audience with devout gratitude to the almighty ruler of nations, for his divine munificence conferred on the people of America, in triumphantly bringing them, through a severe and unequalled contest, to victory and peace—permitting them peaceably to adopt a Constitution of government, calculated to secure civil and religious freedom—and exhorted them to a due obedience to our excellent laws, and to the precepts of christianity, as the proper foundation of national prosperity and individual happiness.
WILMINGTON, (Delaware) Nov. 27.
Yesterday the 26th inst. being the day appointed by the President (and great benefactor) of the United States, by his Proclamation, and also approved and recommended by the President of this State, as a day of thanksgiving to our Supreme Creator, for the many peculiar acts of divine grace in favor of this country, not only in our late struggle for our freedom, but in his happy interference in procuring us a Constitution of laws and government that we may live happy under, and future generations will boast of—I am happy to say that the inhabitants of this borough may be truly termed federalists, from their strict attention to the first request of the Supreme Executive of the United States, by shutting up their houses, and retiring from all kind of worldly pursuits, and attending divine service and thanksgiving. The day being very wet and bad, those who could not attend public worship held it in their chambers, with every becoming reverence for so great and important a day.
PHILADELPHIA, Dec. 5.
Extract of a letter from a gentleman in New-Jersey, who has lately returned from an excursion to the Western Country, to his friend in this city, dated November 10th.
“The design of this letter is to give a short account of the rising of the waters in Lake Ontario, which, from their continual advances, have alarmed the inhabitants around its borders to a great degree. Several buildings which stood at a convenient distance from its ancient boundaries, now stand seven feet in the water. All the low meadows made round about it, are now part of the lake, and roads where cattle, horses and men travelled 18 months ago, are now only passable for boats. The last information I had, was from a man of integrity, who receives letters from his son at Niagara upon this subject. In his last letter he informed him, that a brew house which stood on the bank of the Lake is now rendered useless, from its second story being under water.”
“I have supposed that the waters of Lake Erie, (which lie near three hundred feet above those of Ontario) have found a passage among the rocks under ground to the Lake of Ontario. If this should be the case, the waters of Ontario will rise to a level with those of Lake Erie.”
DECEMBER 8.
The Convention for altering and amending the Constitution of this State, now sitting in this city, in a committee of the whole house on Friday last, came to a resolution to this effect—“That the Executive Department, in the Constitution of this State, requires alteration, so that the executive power should be vested in one person, subject to proper exceptions.”
Extract of a letter from Norfolk, November 23.
“This day arrived from London, at Lindsay’s Hotel, THOMAS JEFFERSON, Esq; our late Ambassador at the Court of Versailles, and now Secretary of State, to the United States of America.”
PROVIDENCE, November 28.
Thursday last was observed as a day of solemn thanksgiving and prayer throughout this State.
AMERICAN MANUFACTURES.
Wednesday last, being the anniversary of St. CATHERINE, patroness of rope-makers, this titular Saint was duly honored by her industrious votaries.—In the morning was completed, at Messrs. JONES’ rope-walk, in this town, and delivered in the afternoon, a 14 inch CABLE for the Ship WASHINGTON, bound for India, being the largest she carries. The fabric is excellent, and equal to any manufactured in Europe. It measures 120 fathoms, and weighed 49 Cwt.
FROM A CORRESPONDENT.
A circumstance that evinces the popularity of the abolition of the Slave-Trade in England.—Watch-Seals are made there with the following device: An African in the posture of kneeling, and in Chains, encircled with this Motto, Am I not a Man and a Brother?
BOSTON, DECEMBER 2.
Yesterday, the first Federal Court of Massachusetts district, was by law opened in this town before the Hon. Judge LOWELL. After the necessary oaths were administered to the Attorney;

Marshal, and Clerk, the Rev. Dr. STILLMAN ad- dressed the Throne of Grace in a well-adapted prayer. There being no business before the Court it was adjourned according to law.
FOR THE GAZETTE OF THE UNITED STATES.
THE GUEST.—No. IV.
Still to their solid interest blind, The whims of fashion rule mankind.
FASHION is a subject of so various a complex- ion, that it is extremely difficult to give a definition of it, that will leave any precise idea on the mind: Should we attempt to trace its fluctua- tions through different periods, remote from the present, and bring our enquiries down to modern times, we shall find ourselves involved in a circle, and be continually returning to the same, or sim- ilar whims, and absurdities.
So capricious and tyrannical is this sovereign director of the world, that almost every person in the course of their life, upon the principles of self defence, are necessitated to rebel against its pow- er—to reject its controul, and sooner or later go- vern themselves, and adjust their dress and de- portment by the light of their own reason: For experience teaches the reflecting mind, that life is not more than competent to far better engage- ments, than wasting our time in sacrificing at an altar erected by the most frivolous part of man- kind.
A slave to fashion is a most passive animal—it is acted upon by an agent more fickle than the wind —and if it can be said to have a mind, it is aptly described in the following lines,
“Dust is lighter than a feather, And the wind, more light than either; But a foppish, fickle mind, Is lighter far than feather, dust or wind.”
The usurpations of fashion are obvious in every rank of society: They descend into the humble abodes of poverty, as well as claim the supreme direction in the elevated walks of life.
The Buckle that hides the shoe, and the coat without a back, are not confined to any class of citizens—and fashion is the word, whether the cap is made of kenting, or of muslin at a guinea a yard.
Following the fashion, however, is sometimes attended with disagreeable consequences: A young man lost the labor of application and attendance for an eligible situation in an eminent mercantile house, merely by being two fashionable in his ap- pearance—the principal of the house having turn- ed almost to a Quaker in his dress, observed that he did not like those knights of the buckle. And a very worthy friend of the author's, was prevent- ed from paying his addresses to a young lady, who obscured her many accomplishments, by dis- covering too strong a propensity to follow the ex- cesses of the mode: AMELIA, said he, is a fine fi- gure of a woman—her countenance is lovely, and she has an ingenious, sprightly mind—but, I can- not suppose that a husband, children, or family, will ever be of so much consequence to her, as the ornamenting her person, and always appear- ing as a model to the fashionable world—but the expence! ah, there's the rub! the Indies have been drained to satisfy the cravings of fashion— and still she cries for more!—‘For though nature is contented with little—yet fancy is boundless.’
The following Observations on the great importance, and utility of NEWSPAPERS, are extracted from the first number of THE WESTERN STAR— a paper published by Mr. Loring Andrews, at Stockbridge, Massachusetts.
IT is owing in a great degree to the want of in- formation, that the people are so often suspi- cious of their rulers, and entertain the idea that the interest of the people and the interest of the government is unconnected; and that the latter have no object but to aggrandize themselves, ac- quire unlimited power, and lay heavy burdens upon their constituents, which they themselves mean not to feel the weight of. Restless and dis- appointed men, out of office, ever propagate such ideas; and so long as the people at large, or any number of them, ground their opinions upon verbal reports, they will be likely to remain in a state of uneasiness with regard to their liberties and properties. Every man who feels interested in his own fate, and the fate of his offspring should SEARCH FOR HIMSELF, and instead of asking his informant, “Are these things so,” he should apply to the NEWSPAPER, the faithful register of the transactions of the day; its pages testify concerning public men and public mea- sures. If the rulers of the people act uprightly, study the interest of their constituents, and con- sult the good of the great whole, the people will rest satisfied; if they know it, and the true and only sure channel through which this information can be gained, is a NEWSPAPER. If Rulers err, the people should know of their misconduct, which will ever be painted in its true colours by the impartial Editor of a Newspaper, and impar- tial every Editor ought certainly to be, for, if patronized by the people, much is entrusted to him, self interest, if no other motive stimulates, and must induce an Editor of a NEWSPAPER to sound an alarm when danger is at hand, for the destruction of a FREE PRESS will be the first ob-
ject with men determined to enslave their fellow citizens. Such determinations, however, will never be formed, while the people continue watch- ful of their rights, attentive to the proceedings of government, and liberal patrons of the arts, “Among which a FREE PRESS holds a distinguish- ed rank.”
FROM THE FEDERAL HERALD.
A HINT TO CLERGYMEN.
EXTRACTED FROM AN OLD LONDON MAGAZINE.
CAUTIOUS the man of God his steps should guide, Not fway'd by fancy, fashion, pomp, or pride; Mild in deportment, affable, discreet; In language winning, as in manners sweet; Not frivolous in speech, not vain or rude; But even his looks must say his heart is good: Thus by example give his doctrines force, And lead, not drive, his flock the Heavenly course.
FROM THE VIRGINIA INDEPENDENT CHRONICLE.
NEGRO'S PRAYER.
THE Poet's Corner in Gazette, Is often fill'd by some Coquette; Or Cap in Hand to do his duty, Will satirize his female beauty: But as I now have room to spare, I'll here insert a Negro's Pray'r. LORD if thou dost with equal eye, See all the sons of Adam die; Why do'st thou hide thy face from slaves, Consign'd by fate to serve the knaves? Stolen or sold in Africa, Imported to America, Like hogs or sheep at market sold, To stem the heat or brook the cold, To work all day and half the night, And rise before the morning light, Sustain the lash, endure the pain, Expos'd to storms of snow and rain, Pinch'd with hunger and with cold, And if we beg, we meet a scold, And after all the tedious round, At night to stretch upon the ground. Has Heaven decreed that Negroes must, By cruel men, be ever curs'd! Forever drag the galling chain, And ne'er enjoy themselves as men! When will Jehovah hear our cries! When will the sun of freedom rise! When will a Moses for us stand, And free us all from Pharaoh's hand! What tho' our skin be black as jet, Our hair be curl'd, our noses flat, Must we, for this, no freedom have, Until we find it in the Grave?
NEW-YORK, DECEMBER 12.
The repairs and improvements now carrying on in this city, are highly honorable to the patri- otism and public spirit of the citizens at large, who cheerfully submit to the heavy contributions necessary to defray such expences—at the same time they evince that our civil officers are actuated by a laudable zeal for the convenience of the in- habitants, and the dignity of the Seat of our Na- tional Government.
As the hopes of the passing age are always on the rising generation, it is a subject of serious impor- tance that they should enjoy such advantages in point of education, as will usher them into life, so accomplished, as that they may excel, if possi- ble, their predecessors, in every attainment that may conduce to their personal happiness, and the public prosperity.
This city is now the Seat of the National Go- vernment—every wise and benevolent institution should be established, which may tend to procras- tinate the period, when it may be thought neces- sary to take another residence. Perhaps no city can boast a superior police—still the power of prejudice may sometimes prove paramount to le- gal restraints—but however strong the force of habit may be, there is one plan that may be adopt- ed, which will in its effects, contribute to the most cordial acquiescence in every wise and salutary public regulation; and that is, the institution of public schools, at the public expence, to which all ranks and denominations of children may have free access: Against such an institution it is not possible that a prejudice can exist in the mind of any man, who ever felt a spark of benevolence towards his fellow creatures.—What are all the external ornaments that art can bestow to embel- lish a city, compared with the beauties of a well regulated Society? Peace and good order are the attendants on knowledge and information—More than half the evils we suffer spring from igno- rance. The great body of citizens is formed of the middling and lower classes of people: Let them be inspired with high notions of freedom, and at the same time be kept in ignorance—and
the work of government will be rendered an ar- duous, and difficult task—it will be utterly im- possible to maintain peace and good order, with- out being tyrannical—but if to the blessings of freedom, you add those of education, submission to government will be the result of sentiment— the people, understanding their true interests, will see that liberty and licentiousness are distinct ideas—and that the security of freedom consists in obedience to the laws. When the public tran- quility is founded on these principles, it is not lia- ble to shocks and fluctuations—every resident is inspired with confidence in his personal security —the administration of public business is prose- cuted with spirit and dignity—commerce and arts flourish, and the whole face of affairs assumes a pleasing and encouraging aspect. Expence in- curred on such an occasion, is the most provident economy.
In the late commotion at Martinico, a regiment of Molattoes remained attached to the Governor. One of their officers having insulted a citizen, be- cause he wore a national cockade, the yellow gentleman was taken by the populace, and hanged at the gates of the Government house.
The principal planters in the State of Georgia have established a society for promoting agricul- ture, and other rural concerns.—Every institu- tion of this kind has an auspicious aspect on the best in- terests of our country: Societies formed in the extreme parts of the Union will have opportunities of exploring the particular capacities of the soils under different cli- mates, and more effectually ascertain the resources which we enjoy, or may create among ourselves, to support or extend the blessings of Independence.
It having been mentioned in one of the papers of this city that the “Beacon, or LIGHT” at the entrance of Boston harbor was blown down, in a late storm, it appears proper to correct the mistake. Not the Light-House, which is built of stone, and founded on a rock, but simply a wooden beacon, which stood on a spit of sand, that is covered at high water, was blown down. This the Gover- nor has ordered to be replaced immediately.
The Secretary of the Treasury—the Comptroller— the Register—and the Auditor have removed their of- fices from Broad Way, to the corner of Dock and Broad Streets, near the Exchange.
ADVERTISEMENT.
EXTRACTS FROM THE JOURNAL OF THE OHIO COMPANY.
WHEREAS, in the opinion of the Agents, it is very much for the interest of the proprietors at large, that all the lands of the purchase should be divided and allotted as im- mediately as may be—And in order to accommodate them generally, by the option of classing as they may think proper, and drawing their rights or shares (where they may possess more than one) either together in contiguity, or by detaching and annexing them to distinct classes or divisions (at their own election) to give them the greater chance for variety in soil and situation—It is unani- mously resolved, That as soon as the exploring committee shall have appropriated the lands for donation settlements, in quantity suffi- cient for all the proprietors, WINTHROP SARGENT, JOSEPH GILL- MAN, and RETURN J. MEIGS, Esquires, who are hereby appoint- ed a committee for that purpose, shall immediately make out, upon a large scale, a compleat map or plan of the whole purchase from the best information, which they may be then able to obtain, expressing all the lands of the eight acre, three acre, city lots and commons, one hundred and sixty acre, and donation lots, the reserved lots of Congress, school lots, and lots appropriated for religious pur- poses—also, the two townships given by Congress for an universi- ty, and the towns or situations for towns to be reserved by the com- pany for a future allotment.—That, all the residuary lands shall be, by them, the said committee of three, divided and numbered upon paper, into forty equal grand divisions of twenty-five shares each, as like in quality as may be: That each grand division be divided into five sub-divisions of five shares each, and each sub- division into sections of single shares:—That as soon as the map or plan is completed, the agents will form or class their subscri- bers (who shall not previously class themselves) by sections or single shares, into sub-divisions of five, and grand divisions of twenty- five, and immediately proceed to drawing by lot for said lands: by grand divisions, sub-divisions and sections: That in all draughts of sub-divisions (into sections) which may be made up of propriators, holding four, three, or two and single shares, it shall be the usage for the greatest proprietor, or holder of the greatest number of shares, to take his lands in contiguity, by lot, either in the southern or northern part of the sub-division, where they shall be numbered from north to south, and in the western or eastern (by lot also) where they may be numbered from west to east; and where sub-divisions may be made up of two proprietors of two shares each, and one of one share, the two greatest proprie- tors shall receive their sections, by lot, either in the southern or western part of the sub-division. Resolved, That the before nam- ed committee, be directed to prepare the names and numbers, and make all the necessary arrangements for the intended draught: That previous to the drawing for this ultimate grand division of lands, there shall be returns of the proprietors, as they may be class'd by the agents (or otherwise) lodged in the Secretary's office, and it is recommended in all cases to consult the inclinations and interests of the proprietors in the order of classing.
Resolved, That the agents will give public notice of the time and place of drawing, and that there be two persons no ways interest- ed in the draughts, who shall be sworn to the faithfully drawing out the names and numbers from the boxes, and who alone shall be employed in this business for the draught of grand divisions, sub-divisions, and sections.
Resolved, That the Secretary cause the foregoing resolutions to be published in the newspapers of New-York, and the New- England States; to the end that the proprietors at large may have the option of classing themselves as they may think proper: And they are hereby requested so to do, and to express themselves upon this subject, either to their respective agents, or by informa- tion in writing addressed to, and to be lodged with the Secretary, at his office in the city of Marietta, previous to the first Monday of March, 1790—Upon which day it is expected the division will take place.
WINTHROP SARGENT, Secretary to the Ohio Company.
Marietta, 3d November, 1789.

MR. ADAMS'S LETTERS.
LETTER XX.
AMSTERDAM, OCT. 26, 1780.
SIR,
QUESTION twentieth.—“ Have there not been different opinions in Congress, with regard to this (i. e. to proposals appearing fair, which were not so,) from whence animosities have arisen ?”
There has never been any difference of sentiment in Congress, since the declaration of Independence, concerning any proposals of reconciliation. There have been no proposals of reconciliation made since the 4th of July, 1776, excepting twice.
The first was made by Lord Howe, who, together with his brother, the General, were appointed by the King, commissioners for some purpose or other. The public has never been informed what powers they had. Lord Howe sent a message by General Sullivan to Congress, desiring a conference with some of its members. There were different sentiments concerning the propriety of sending any members, until we knew his lordship's powers. A majority decided to send, Dr. Franklin, Mr. John Adams, and Mr. Rutledge, were sent. Upon their report, there was a perfect unanimity of sentiment in Congress.
The second was the mission of Lord Carlisle, Governor Johnston, and Mr. Eden, in 1778. Upon this occasion again there was a perfect unanimity in Congress.
Before the declaration of Independence, Lord North moved several conciliatory propositions in parliament, in which a good deal of art was employed to seduce, deceive, and divide. But there was always an unanimity in Congress upon all these plans.
There was different opinions concerning the petition to the King, in the year 1775 ; and before that, concerning the non-exportation agreement. There have been different opinions concerning articles of the confederation ; concerning the best plans for the conduct of the war ; concerning the best officers to conduct them ; concerning territorial controversies between particular States, &c. but these differences of opinion, which are essential to all assemblies, have never caused greater animosities than those which arise in all assemblies, where there is freedom of debate.
I have the honor to be, JOHN ADAMS. MR. CALKOEN.
LETTER XXI.
AMSTERDAM, OCTOBER 27, 1780.
SIR,
QUESTION twenty-first.—“ Are there no malcontents in America, against the government, who are otherwise much inclined for the American cause, who may force the nation, or Congress, against their resolutions and interests, to conclude a peace ?”
There is no party formed in any of the Thirteen States against the new constitution, nor any opposition against the government, that I have ever heard of, excepting in Pennsylvania, and in North-Carolina. These by no means deserve to be compared together.
In Pennsylvania there is a respectable body of people, who are zealous against Great-Britain, but yet wish for some alterations in their new form of government : yet this does not appear to weaken their exertions ; it seems rather to excite an emulation in the two parties, and to increase their efforts.
I have before explained the history of the rise and progress of the party, in North-Carolina, consisting of Regulators and Scotch Highlanders ; and General Howe has informed you of their fate. This party has ever appeared to make North-Carolina more staunch and decided, instead of weakening it.
The party in Pennsylvania will never have an inclination to force the Congress, against their interests, to make peace ; nor would they have the power, if they had the will.
The party in North-Carolina, whose inclination cannot be doubted, is too inconsiderable to do any thing.
I have the honor to be, JOHN ADAMS. MR. CALKOEN.
PROCEEDINGS OF CONGRESS.
ABSTRACT of JOURNAL of the FIRST SESSION of the SENATE of the UNITED STATES.
THURSDAY, June 4, 1789.
ON the report of the committee appointed the 3d June, to consider the mode of communicating the acts of Congress to the several States in the Union—
Resolved, That in ten days after the passing of every act of Congress during the present session, or until some other regulation shall be adopted, twenty-two printed copies thereof, signed by the Secretary of the Senate, and Clerk of
the House of Representatives, and certified by them to be true copies of the original act, be lodged with the President of the United States, and that he be requested to cause to be transmitted, two of the said copies so attested as aforesaid, to each of the Supreme Executives in the several States.
FRIDAY, June 5.
A message from the House of Representatives, by Mr. Beckley, their Clerk—who informed the Senate of the concurrence of the House on the resolution of the 4th June, upon the mode of communicating the acts of Congress to the Executives of the several States in the Union. Adjourned.
MONDAY, June 8.
“ In the House of Representatives of the United States, Thursday, the 28th of May, 1789.
“ On motion, Resolved, That every such member of the present Congress, as is not yet furnished with a set of the journals of the late Congress, shall on application to the keeper of the records and papers of the said late Congress, be entitled to receive a complete set of such journals, Extract from the journal,
JOHN BECKLEY, Clerk.
Read and concurred, and the Secretary carried a message to the House of Representatives accordingly. Adjourned.
FRIDAY, June 12,
Mr. Lee, in behalf of the committee therefor appointed, reported “ a bill to establish the judicial courts of the United States,” which was read the first time, and Monday, the 22d of June, was assigned for the second reading.
Ordered, That Mr. Butler be added to the committee, appointed “ To consider and report a bill defining the crimes and offences that shall be cognizable under the authority of the United States, and their punishment.” Adjourned.
WEDNESDAY, June 17.
Ordered, That a committee, to consist of Mr. Butler, Mr. Morris, Mr. Langdon, Mr. Dalton and Mr. Lee, be appointed to arrange and bring forward a system, for the regulation of the trade and intercourse between the United States and the territory of other powers in North-America, and the West-Indies, so as to place the same on a more beneficial footing.
The committee appointed May the 9th, to view the rooms in the city-hall, and to confer with a committee of the House of Representatives appointed for that purpose, reported : Ordered, That the report lie for consideration. Adjourned.
FRIDAY, June 19.
The committee appointed May 9th, to view the rooms in the city-hall, and to confer with a committee of the House of Representatives appointed for that purpose, reported in part—
That the two rooms on the first floor in the south-west angle of the said hall, are not necessary for the accommodation of Congress, and that the Mayor of the city be notified thereof, that the said rooms may be occupied by such persons as the corporation may employ to take charge of the building.
Read and accepted, and sent to the House of Representatives for concurrence. Adjourned.
WEDNESDAY, June 24.
A message from the House of Representatives, by Mr. Beckley their Clerk ; who brought to the Senate, the concurrence of the House, upon the report of a committee appointed May the 9th, to view the rooms in the city hall ; and a bill entitled, “ An act for establishing an Executive Department, to be denominated the Department of Foreign Affairs,” which had passed the House of Representatives, and to which the concurrence of the Senate was desired. Adjourned.
THURSDAY, June 25.
The Senate proceeded to the consideration of a bill, entitled, “ An act for establishing an Executive Department, to be denominated the Department of Foreign Affairs,” which was read the first time, and ordered to lie for consideration.
Proceeded in the second reading, “ A bill to establish the Judicial Courts of the United States,” and after debate—Adjourned.
MONDAY, June 29.
The bill, entitled “ An act for laying a duty on goods, wares and merchandise imported into the United States,” was carried to the House of Representatives, with amendments as agreed to on the 27th. Adjourned. (To be continued.)
The following short account of the Palace of the THUILLERIES, may amuse some of our readers.
THIS palace is so called, because built in a place where tiles were formerly made. It was begun in 1554, by order of Catherine de Medicis.—Henry IV finished it in 1600.—Lewis XIV carried it to perfection, and gave it all the beauty that is remarked in all its elegant apartments.
It is composed of five pavilions, and four bodies of lodging rooms, in which the architecture is admired, tho' differently executed.—The sculpture is by the principal masters.—The whole is built upon a right line about 170 fathoms long.
The large pavilion in the centre is adorned with columns of marble.
In the inside of the palace many things are to be observed. In the King's great apartment the most celebrated painters of the 16th century emulated each other, under the conduct of LE BRUN.
The ceilings are adorned with representations of armies, battles, and a great variety of allegorical figures, in painting, stucco, and sculpture.
The ceiling of the gallery of the ambassadors is much admired ; it is copied after the Farnesian Gallery at Rome—painted by ANNIBAL CARRACCI.
The Theatre is one of the most striking objects that one finds in the palace of the Thuilleries : The grandeur, the disposition, and the riches of it are all of surprising beauty : It will hold eight thousand persons, and all be commodiously seated. The ceiling was painted by COYPEL, after the Cartoons of LE BRUN.
This palace has been neglected till within a few years, when the present Queen had some of the apartments fitted up in elegant taste, for her own particular accommodation.
Some account of the gardens of the Thuilleries in our next.
EXTRACTS.
FEAR was never a friend to the love of God, or man, to duty, or conscience, truth, probity, or honor : It therefore can never make a good subject, a good citizen, or a good soldier, and least of all a good christian.
The world has substituted good manners in the place of good nature : Whoever conforms to the former, is dispensed with from any observance of the latter.
PRICE CURRENT.—NEW-YORK.
DECEMBER 12.—DOLLARS at 8s.
Table with 2 columns: Item, Price. Items include Jamaica Spirits, Antigua Rum, St. Croix, Country, Molasses, Brandy, Geneva, Do. in cases, Mucovado Sugar, Loaf, Lump, Pepper, Pimento, Coffee, Indigo, Do. French, Rice, Superfine Flour, Common do., Rye do., Indian Meal, Rye, Corn (Southern), Do. (Northern), Beef, Pork, Oats, Flax-feed, Ship bread per cwt., Country reined bar-iron, Do. bloomery, Swedes do., Russia do., Pig-iron, German steel, Nails American, Do. do. 6d., Do. do. 8d., Do. do. 10d., Do. do. 12d., Do. do. 20d., Do. do. 24d., Pot ash, Pearl ash, Bees-wax per lb., Mackerel per barr., Herrings, Mahogany, Jamaica per foot, Dominico, Honduras, Logwood unchipped, Do. chipped, 2 inch white oak plank, 1 inch do., 2 inch white pine plank, 1 1/2 inch do., 1 inch do., 2 inch pitch pine do., 1 1/2 inch do., 1 inch do., Pitch pine scantling, Cyprus 2 feet thingles, Do. 22 inch do., Cedar 2 inch do.
ADVERTISEMENT.
THE Gazette of the United States circulates in every part of the Union—being honored by subscribers in Georgia, South and North Carolina, Virginia, Maryland, Delaware, Pennsylvania, New-Jersey, New-York, Connecticut, Rhode-Island, Massachusetts, New-Hampshire, and District of Maine, Canada, Europe, and the West-Indies. This extensive circulation renders it a proper vehicle for ADVERTISEMENTS of a general, commercial and governmental import:—By the particular desire and advice, therefore, of a number of its patrons, this paper will be open for the reception of advertisements of the above description; which as they will convey intelligence of an interesting nature, the Editor hopes their insertion will meet the approbation of his friends in general. Should the number at any time amount to more than a page in the Gazette, they will be given in a Supplement. JOHN FENNO.
MR. ADAMS'S LETTERS which have appeared in the Gazette, are part of a series, 26 in number, wrote by his Excellency in Holland—the whole are published in a pamphlet of 64 pages, which is to be sold by Messrs. Berrys & Rogers, Hanover-Square, Mr. Robert Hodge, Queen-Street, and by the Editor hereof. Published by JOHN FENNO, No. 9, MAIDEN-LANE, near the Oscego-Market, NEW-YORK.—[3 dol. pr. an.]