Gazette of the United-States. (New-York [N.Y.]), 1793-06-08 00:00:00

Gazette of the United States.
A NATIONAL PAPER, PUBLISHED WEDNESDAYS AND SATURDAYS BY JOHN FENNO, No. 34, NORTH FIFTH STREET, PHILADELPHIA.
[No. 107 of Vol. IV.]
SATURDAY, JUNE 8, 1793.
[Whole No. 429.]
TO THE PUBLIC.
THE EDITOR proposes to continue the publication of the GAZETTE OF THE UNITED STATES, for distant circulation, after the first of December next, on the following term, viz.
It shall be published on WEDNESDAYS and SATURDAYS, on paper of the Medium size—which is larger than the present.
The price, Three Dollars per annum, exclusive of postage.
Subscriptions to be received by the respective Post-Masters throughout the Union, or such other persons as may see proper to collect them.
The papers to be forwarded by post twice a week. No packets to contain less than six papers—and no subscriptions to be received for a less term than six months.—Payments to be constantly six months in advance.—Twenty per cent. deduction from the price of the GAZETTE, will be allowed to those who collect and forward the subscription money, free of expense, in full of all charges for their trouble in the business.
The publication will contain as usual, a variety of original essays—foreign and domestic intelligence, and a summary of the proceedings of the Legislature of the Union, &c. &c.—Attention will be paid to despatching the papers with punctuality, and Subscribers may depend on receiving them as regularly, as the post arrives.
June 8.
For the GAZETTE of the UNITED STATES.
THOUGHTS ON THE STATE OF AMERICAN INDIANS.
(Continued from No. 104, of this Gazette.)
No. IX.
ANOTHER principle which contributes to form the basis of civil society, and which distinguishes social from savage manners, is the establishment and management of private property. In the early stages of society, men are strangers to those distinctions of property which exist in more polished periods. Land is more connected with the nation than with individuals—the territory which belongs to the tribe, is cultivated for their use, and each receives what is sufficient for his necessities.* As their numbers increase, as their wants multiply, and society advances, the idea of appropriation is formed. They become desirous of a better provision than the promiscuous industry of many copartners affords, and by degrees withdraw their regard from the community, and direct their views more to their own interest.
At length when personal distinction arises from an accumulation of the simple productions of nature, or the acquisitions of industry, they begin to claim the property of the soil, as well as the fruits which it yields. The occupation of land ensues, and the agricultural state takes place—this forms a new era in the progress of manners, and constitutes the true foundation of civil society. From this source all improvements in the various departments of social life directly or indirectly flow. It gradually changes the habits and manners of a people, and introduces means of eminence and respectability unknown in the savage state—it confirms and improves the idea of private property—it necessarily attaches them to a particular spot—leads to a division of lands, to industry in cultivating and enriching them—to the construction of proper habitations for the accommodation of their families, and to the arts subservient to these purposes. Agriculture also gives birth to arts, to commerce and to laws—prevents famine—accelerates population—creates many new attachments—opens new sources of enjoyment, and strengthens the bonds which connect and support the diversified interests of society. The surplus produce of the farmer creates a fund for the maintenance of artificers, whose joint skill and industry are necessary to give perfection and extent to their productions. These again return the farmer his raw materials converted into some more agreeable and useful form. As arts multiply, the practice of exchanging one commodity for another takes place—and innumerable ties are formed which cement the interests and affections of men—enforce the obligations to mutual kindness and assistance, and sweeten the charms of social intercourse.
Agriculture also creates a necessity for new laws—the partition of lands—the tenure of property—the forms of contracts—the regulation of succession of transmission and donation all require known and established rules. The use and value of metals, and especially that species which serves as the standard of
* Tacitus de Mor. Ger. c. 26.—Caesar de Bel. Gal. lib. 4. c. 1.—History of American Indians, by Adair. Carver de. p. 126. 157.—Commentaries of Peru, book 5. c. 1. 3.
the exchangeable value of all other commodities, must be particularly specified by the laws of the society. The penalty incurred by the infraction of these, should be delineated, and an authority appointed to see it duly executed.
Agriculture further facilitates the means of providing subsistence—encourages marriage, by the prospect of an easy and secure support—lessens the danger of famine, and multiplies the number and augments the happiness of the human species.
It gives rise to various employments, which kindle the sparks of emulation, rouse the latent powers of genius, excite invention, and contribute to enlarge the bounds and multiply the objects of human knowledge. Thus arts, sciences, laws and government, all ultimately flow from the establishment of private property and the cultivation of the soil.
This representation is perfectly coincident with the experience of past ages. The ancient history of Greece, of China, of Germany, of Peru, and of some other countries, informs us that land in the infancy of those nations was common, and scribes the division of it to their first legislators.† So highly did those nations estimate the establishment of agriculture, that the most of them paid religious homage to those sovereigns and legislators who had been the instruments of introducing them. To facilitate the reception and improvement of this art, they were careful to furnish the means by which it might be easily and successfully cultivated. For this purpose, they rendered it unlawful to destroy those animals which are usually employed in the cultivation of the earth. Thus the laws of Egypt, of India, and in late times of some of the French islands in America, prohibited the killing of oxen, the animals generally employed in agriculture, on penalty of death. On the same principle it is highly probable that other laws were made to accelerate the improvement of agriculture.
If, as has been attempted to be shown, agriculture lies at the foundation of civil society, and is the source from which all social improvements are derived—another important step to be taken in bringing the savages to the knowledge and enjoyment of social life is to give them the idea of personal appropriation—a fixed residence and the cultivation of the soil; this will be more easy than may be at first apprehended—they are at present in a state bordering upon it.—Each nation has a certain territory which it claims as its own—the limits of which are well known, and the encroachments on which by other tribes is a fruitful source of discord among them. The transition is easy from the idea of national to that of individual appropriation.
The Germans and Peruvians exhibit the progress of this change in the habits of a nation.
This progress also may be more readily effected among the Indians than in nations left wholly to the impulse of their own genius.
The instruments of agriculture—the use of domestic animals and the use of metals which greatly facilitate the progress of this art may be furnished them. Extraordinary encouragement may be given them to excite them to industry and a perpetual stimulus afforded by the prospect of exchanging the produce of their labour for articles which they may deem more desirable.
† The Egyptians to Osiris—the Greeks to Ceres—the Romans to Saturn—the Chinese to Yao—and the Peruvians to Manco Capac. Coquet. vol. 1. p. 34.
For the GAZETTE of the UNITED STATES.
THE incendiaries who are every where blowing the sparks of dissention into a flame, have lately outraged decency & the sentiments of our nation, and indeed of the civilized world so far as to insult the President of the United States. The style of animadversion on his conduct and character has been as insolent as it is insidious; nothing can show more manifestly the profligacy of their principles and their violent spirits.—It shews that the party who hate the constitution and the supporters of public order are held by no ties of sentiment or duty, and mean to keep within no bounds which the moderation of other men has supposed even the most violent would not step over. Men who have any principle of virtue will honor it in others. Yet the pretence is that the honor done to one man is a distinction inconsistent with the temper of a republican government. This is an impudent libel on republicanism which in reality tends to give energy to the human character; which calls into action the most sublime virtue, as well as the sentiment which is to cherish and reward it. Does Syracuse stand dishonored in history for her gratitude to her deliverer the virtuous Dion? Was Corinth enslaved by T. Moleon, or was the confidence of Thebes in her Washington condemned by her heroes and philosophers? Those cities are in the dust; but the fame of these three great men will never die.
These scribblers are jewellers in morals as well as politics, they propose to degrade x
ance because while they envy, they pretend to fear it.
This fortuitous doctrine is the metaphysics of babblers—it puts out the light of reason and quenches the flame of sentiment in the heart. The admiration of an hero of whom our country is proud, the gratitude we feel for him who saved it, are pretended to be dangerous. The people are impudently told to smother their best and long accustomed feelings and to yield in future to the meanest and most cowardly of their prejudices—their envy and fear of merit, because it is pre eminent. Thus it is that our scribblers mistake the sentiments of the American people by supposing them in their addresses already degraded to their own level. They tell us that Kings are masters, thrones and sceptres are glittering baubles. They corrupt virtue but can neither distinguish nor reward it. It happens however that the man famed for his illustrious services and personal merit, that ask'd no recompence yet enjoys the highest, is treated rudely, as if the gratitude of a free people was an offering to ambition or was extorted by usurpation and violence. Birth and power cannot confer true distinction—nor according to those writers, can virtue and merit. There are men whom the virtue of others dishonors—who find reproach in good example—who sicken in its splendor like the tempter when he first came from darkness into the sunshine; like him they deceive in order to deceive; like him they give insidious counsel to trample on the primary laws of our social order—and like him they incite an happy race of men to shake off their most amiable duties as fetters, to renounce their best rights in society as bribes for obeying it, and to batter a second paradise for an apple. CIVIS.
Foreign Intelligence.
CREUTZNACH, (Ger.) March 30.
ON the first intelligence of the approach of the Prussian troops, the French marched to meet them at the distance of half a league from this place. Generals Custine and Wimpfen had their head quarters at Breitenheim; Gen. Neuwinger had his at Bingen, and those of Gen. Howgard were at this place. For the two last days he had established himself at Heddelheim.
The left wing of the Prussian army first attacked the entrenchments of Waldalgesheim, from which the French were driven, after making a very obstinate resistance. The Prussian cavalry pursued the fugitives beyond Bingen, and cut to pieces a great number of them with their sabres.
During this time another body of Prussian troops attacked the batteries on the mount of St. Roch, which were also carried, the French left there a great many killed & wounded with all their artillery. The victors took some hundreds of prisoners, among whom is the famous General Neuwinger.
Whilst this was passing on the left wing of the Prussians, the right advanced against this place, and met with great resistance by the way, but the French were at length obliged to fall back, and to save themselves by flying during the night of the 28th. The hussars of Eben pursued them through this town, as far as Alzey, where they cut to pieces a part of them, and took a great number prisoners.
As the Prussians have blocked up on one side all the passages to Mentz, and are on the other in pursuit of the enemy, the position of the latter is extremely critical. This day a continual cannonade has been heard towards Mentz; about one thousand three hundred French prisoners have been already conducted to Bingen.
FRANCKFORT, April 1.
General Neuwinger who has been taken prisoner by the Prussians, was brought hither this day with some more Frenchmen, and several pieces of artillery. The General has five wounds, none of which, however, are dangerous.
This day the garrison of Cassel made a sortie, but were repulsed with loss.
MANHEIM, March 31.
No mails are arrived here except the post from Frankfort. This is the result of the invasion of the Prussians on that side, and the Austrians on this side of the Rhine.—The former have this day taken possession of Worms; the latter gather in our neighbourhood, and are on the point of passing the Rhine. The French deem it in vain to make any stand at all against the formidable forces ready to pour in upon them from all quarters. They have evacuated the whole district of Worms from that city hither. Previous to their retreat, they set fire to their magazines at Neuhausen & Frankenthal. At Worms they destroyed their magazines, and threw several pieces of cannon into the Rhine.
Thus the French have lost all their German conquests except Mentz, which, on account of the weakness of its garrison, will soon be forced to surrender.
This evening intelligence has been received here that General Wurmsier crossed the Rhine at Ketsch, with 7000 men, and is already at Spires. The French have vanished every where, and the Prussian patrols make incursions as far as Oggersheim.
APRIL 2.
The Prussian head quarters are at Gunterblum.
A brisk engagement took place in that quarter a few days ago, when the French had a great number of men killed, and between 8 and 1200 made prisoners.
His Prussian Majesty is expected to reach Worms to-morrow.
General Neuwinger is conveyed to Magdebourg; on his way he was insulted by the populace, on account of the severe contributions which he had exacted.
BRUSSELS, April 4.
This morning the French take prisoners, sent hither by the Prince of Saxe Cobourg, are expected to arrive, and will immediately continue their route to the citadel of Antwerp.
The French army which was to have made the conquest of Holland, still continues in virtue of its capitulation with the Austrian generals to file off through Dendermonde, with all their baggage & ammunition.
HAGUE, April 6.
On Wednesday the 3d inst. the states general received from the hereditary Prince of Orange, commandant general of the troops of the republic on the frontier, the following letter:
“High and mighty Lords, “I have the honor to inform your Mightinesses, that this night I received a courier from the prince of Saxe Cobourg, bearing two letters from Gen. Dumourier, addressed to the respective commandants of Breda and Gertruydenberg, charging them to surrender those fortresses on the terms of an honorable capitulation. I immediately caused the letters to be delivered to the said commandants, and made such use of them in support of the negotiations commenced, that I have no doubt of being soon in possession of both these places.
“I have the honour to congratulate your high Mightinesses on this success, so decisive for the safety of the republic, not doubting but your high mightinesses will learn with satisfaction, that the territory of the republic will very soon be clear

of the enemy. For this we are in a great measure indebted to the wise directions and efficacious operations of Field Marshal the Prince of Cobourg.
"As soon as the enemy's troops shall have evacuated Breda & Gertruidenberg, I shall make the necessary dispositions for their being conducted without obstacle to Lille."
L I S L E, April 5.
Gen. Dumourier having put under arrest the four commissioners sent by the Convention to seize him and bring him to the bar, addressed his army in the following terms:
"Companions, four commissioners, accompanied by the minister at war, from the national convention, are come to arrest me, and conduct me to the bar. I remember what you have promised, that you will not suffer to be carried away your father, who has several times saved his country, who has led you on in the road to victory, and who at last has still made an honorable retreat at your head; I have put them in a place of safety to serve as hostages. It is time for our army to discharge its vow, to purge France of assassins and disturbers, and to restore to our unhappy country, the repose which she has lost by the crimes of her representatives. It is time to regain a constitution to which we swore three years successively, which gave us liberty, and which alone can preserve us from the licentiousness and anarchy in which we are plunged. I declare to you companions, that I will set you the example of living and dying free. We cannot be free but with good laws, if otherwise, we shall be the slaves of crimes."
"General in chief of the French army, "DUMOURIER." Near St. Amand, April 1, 1793, 11 o'clock at night.
General Mazinsky, sent by Dumourier, entered the day before yesterday into this town, accompanied by an hundred hussars of his legion; he was the bearer of a letter, that he sent to M. Duval, commandant of the place, to demand the entry of 6000 men of the northern army, which was refused. Mazinsky has been arrested, and his followers disarmed.
P A R I S, April 6.
The capital is still quiet; the public opinion is strongly enough declared against seditious and traitorous persons to give us room to believe, that neither the one nor the other will see their projects succeed. The reasonings about Gen. Dumourier still vary; some say that he has emigrated, others are positive that he is yet at the head of his army; no citizen has hitherto incurred the penalty of death, in approving the conduct and principles of this General, worthy imitator of Monk.
Citizens Egalite, father and son, are erased from the list of the society of Jacobins.
NATIONAL CONVENTION.
APRIL 2.
The commissioners of the Convention at Rochelle, announced, that the people of Nantes had made a successful sally against the revolted -1200 were killed upon the spot, and as many made prisoners.
The popular society of Toulon denounced Gen. Paoli as a supporter of despotism, who, in concert with the administrators of the department, had inflicted every kind of hardship upon the patriots, at the same time favoring the emigrants and the refractory priests. They demanded that his head should fall under the avenging sword of the law.
"When the inhabitants of Corsica combated for their liberty," said Lafourbe, "General Paoli, who was at their head, appeared to support their cause, that he might obtain a throne which he had long regarded as his own; his object was to be declared king—I demand his dismissal."
The convention decreed, that the Procureur General Syndic of the department of Corsica, and General Paoli, should be ordered to the bar, to give an account of their conduct.
The President announced, that General Miranda had written to him that he waited the order of the convention to appear at their bar.
The assembly charged the war committee to propose to him a series of questions, and decreed that he should be admitted to-morrow.
APRIL 3.
The commissioners wrote from Lille, that they had set off for the camp of Maulde, to arrest Dumourier; and that Bournonville had taken, on his route, the necessary measures to make a vigorous resistance to the enemy.
APRIL 5.
A letter was read from the commissioners in the department of Lille. All the posts on the banks of the Villaine, occupied by the seditions, had been taken, and the passage re-established. General Beruyre had taken the most vigorous measures to reduce the seditious communes to order, and had succeeded.
Thuriot had made the motion that all the superior officers taken prisoners should be brought to Paris, that they might answer with their heads for the lives of the commissioners, and of the minister at war, so infamously put into the hands of the enemy by Dumourier. This motion had been decreed, but on the motion of Mallarme, it was agreed to suspend the execution until the committee of national safety should make their report.
A letter was read from Gen. Biron, stating, that though the snow was a foot deep on the ground, the enemy had attacked the camp of Braons on the 28th of March. They were vigorously repulsed, and their loss must have been considerable, if he might judge from the quantity of blood, of hats, and of fuzils left on the field.
In the evening sitting the plan of a decree was read, for raising an army of 20,000 men for the defence of Paris, one part of which stated, that no ci-devant nobleman should be admitted to any command in this army. Danton proposed, that for the defence of all the great cities there should be a guard, to be paid by the Republic; that the price of bread should be always in proportion to workmen's wages, and that in time of scarcity the excess should be paid by a tax on persons of larger fortunes.
APRIL 7.
Marat moved, that the wives and children of the emigrants should be put into safe custody, and answer with their lives for the lives of Bournonville and the four commissioners. He added, that as there were no proofs against Philip Egalite and Sillery, their character of deputies should be respected, & they requested to put themselves in a state of arrest, to convince the people of their innocence.
Decreed, on the motion of Fonfrede, that all the members of the Bourbon family, without distinction, be kept as hostages for the safety of Bournonville and the commissioners, and ordered that the commission of public safety point out the place where these hostages shall be kept, except the prisoners in the Temple, who are not to be removed from Paris.
Laclos, Bonnecarre, and Gouay Darcy, were ordered to be taken into custody on account of their connection with the Orleans family. Sillery is a prisoner at large.
The members of the new committee of public safety were declared to be Barrere, Delmas, Breard, Cambon, Jean de Brie, Danton, Guillon, Morveau, Treilhard, Lacroix of Eure and Loire.
Philip Egalite sent a letter, desiring to know, if it was meant to include him a representative of the people, in the decree against the Bourbons: "Yes, yes," was repeated from every part of the hall.
The National Convention, on the first accounts of Dumourier's conduct, proposed the following address to the Belgic Army:
"Dumourier has betrayed his country—that conspirator for whom your valour has heretofore obtained triumphs, the glory of which he attributed to himself, now only seeks
to make you suffer defeats of which he will let the shame light on you. He attempts to turn against liberty the arms that you took up only against tyranny. What, you, Frenchmen, to threaten your country! You, to march against your friends, your brothers, your wives, and your children! No—you are not capable of that most atrocious of crimes; the champions of liberty cannot at once have become the wretched satellites of an ambitious villain. Is it not at the voice of your country in danger, that you marched and conquered? Is it not she that still demands your strength and your arms? her sacred voice shall vibrate to the bottom of your hearts; you will recollect your triumphs, and burn to gather fresh laurels. So judge of you the representatives of the nation, whose confidence and esteem you possess. They know you better than the perfidious chief who deceives you, in order to debase and destroy you. His audacious hand has violated the sovereignty of the people, in seizing those its representatives whom the National Convention had sent to you. His crime is known; he wants to give us a King; his name is devoted to infamy—his head to the scaffold; avenge your glory and your country; give up the traitor; a civic crown is the reward that awaits you. French soldiers, if there could be among you men who did not remain faithful by the horror of treason, let them at least learn to be faithful by the fear of punishment. You are only the advanced guard of the nation; she is whole and entire behind you, ready to protect with her power those who know how to serve her, and to crush with her thunder those who dare to be rebellious."
"The traitor Dumourier has calumniated Paris to enrage you against that city which has been the cradle, and ought to be the support of freedom. Paris is tranquil, and watches for the security of the representatives of the people, respects the laws, is ready to march her republican bands. He has represented the National Convention as divided into two factions; he has taken advantage of some debates, which the ardent love of liberty, always jealous, especially in times of revolution, naturally excites among men charged with the interests of a great people. Republican soldiers—it is an act of perfidy on his part, to make you the blind instruments both of the annihilation of the Convention, and of the re-establishment of Royalty: The National Convention is one as well as the Nation; it will maintain the indivisibility of the Republic; it rallies round the standard of liberty, and will carry it, if need be, into your ranks; it unanimously takes an oath to die with you, or to exterminate conspirators, tyrants and their followers."
APRIL 9.
The committee of public safety reported, that the members of the Bourbon family should be detained as hostages at Varennes till the close of the civil war, which now agitated several of the departments. After some discussion, Marseilles was adopted as the place of their imprisonment.
It was announced that serious commotions still subsisted at Nantz, and that on the left bank of the Loire the insurgents were very formidable. At Machecourt, they had collected provisions, ammunition, and a formidable train of artillery.—General Labourdonnaye waited for a reinforcement to attack them.
APRIL 10.
A letter from the commissioners at Valenciennes, dated the 7th instant, stated, that the whole of the northern army had deserted the standard of Dumourier, and had ranged themselves under that of the Republic at the camp near Valenciennes, at Lille, Douay, &c. Those who continued with Dumourier consisted of the greater part of the hussars of Berchiny, and the dragoons of the 3d regiment.
A dispatch from Gen. Dampierre announced, that he had sent a trumpeter to General the Prince of Cobourg, to assure him that the kind
of truce now existing, would not be violated by him without previous notice. He had requested on the part of the Austrian commander the same precaution.
The commissioners stationed at Valenciennes, in a letter dated the 8th inst. apprised the Convention that they had arrested Lecuyer, the officer employed by Dumourier for their apprehension.—They had also in their hands one of Dumourier's spies. They added that the Austrian generals directed their forces towards Lille and Valenciennes, in the latter of which places, from whence they wrote, were numerous counter-revolutionists.
A letter from the department of Bouches-du Rhone; the contents of which could not be made public, was referred to the committee of public safety.
L O N D O N, April 15.
By yesterday's mail we learnt, that 11 sail of English merchantmen have been captured in the Mediterranean; they were principally carried into Marseilles.
The town and citadel of Conde, in French Hainault, is entirely surrounded by the Austrian troops.
Custine's army still continues to be hard pressed by the Prussians.—Advises received from Ostend this morning state, that he is retreating as fast as possible into France with his army.
From these advises, however, it would appear, that the intelligence brought by the last mail, of Metz having surrendered, was unfounded. Such an event, however, may be soon looked for.
M. Egalite, prior to the Decree for sending the Members of the Bourbon family to Marseilles, was confined for security in the prison la Conciergerie.
The underwriters at Lloyd's Coffee House were all made exceedingly cheerful on Saturday last, by the news being received of the arrival of the Necker, and three other French East-Indiamen in the ports of France, which had been insured in this country, to the amount of 350,000. sterling.
The government of the Netherlands, it is said, will undergo a total renovation in which the various suggestions of the patriots will be candidly canvassed, and as far as may be consistent with due subordination, adopted.
APRIL 17.
It was yesterday reported, on what authority we have not learnt, that the 3 generals that were under arrest at Paris, had been condemned by the revolutionary tribunal, and executed. These generals were, Miranda, Wimpfen, and Mazinsky.
By a vessel just arrived from Ostend, we learn that the Austrian troops were within a few hours march of Dunkirk when she failed, and that it was reported the French troops had previously evacuated the place—it was of course expected to be taken possession of without bloodshed.
It is a curious circumstance, which has not hitherto been noticed, tho' it may be depended on, that as far back as the middle of January last, 50,000. stock was purchased for General Dumourier in the English funds: How the General came to be possessed of such a sum in England, or should at that period chuse such a security, is not readily accounted for. It is not possible that any of the secret service money for 1793 could form part of this sum.
APRIL 18.
Extract of a letter from Egalite, to his father, dated Tournay, March 4.
"I see that Liberty is no more. I see that the National Convention have lost France by a renunciation of principle. I see every where a civil war. I see every power leagued against us, and nothing to oppose them; our troops of the line are almost annihilated, and the volunteers have deserted.—Can the National Convention suppose that with such an army they can continue the war? If they do they will very shortly be undeceived. What evils have they not heaped on unfortunate France."

PROCLAMATION. GENERAL DUMOURIER TO THE FRENCH NATION.
AT the time I published my first Proclamation I had founded the sentiments of all the corps of the army under my command...
I had not as yet reason to expect that there could be the least wavering from an opinion so well founded...
The revolt arranged by these traitors has for a moment changed the face of affairs...
On the third of this month, six fanatical volunteers came to St. Amand...
On the 4th three battalions of national volunteers deserted the camp...
They cut off the road to the camp to which I wished to retreat...
Wishing, however, after the remark we had made, to repair to the head-quarters at St. Amand...
I know the disposition of the army, and more especially that of the troops of the line.
I swear, in the name of my companions, that we will not lay down our arms until we shall have succeeded...
Constitutional royalty—that no resentment, no thirst after vengeance, no ambitious motive always our purpose...
The General in Chief of the French Army, DUMOURIER.
LONDON, April 10. If the war should end with the expedition which seems promised...
It is reported that government has concluded on the measure of sending a Bishop to Canada...
General Wimpfen, famous for his defence of Thionville, was carried prisoner from Mentz to Paris...
The town of Poinhobois (France) is now besieged by the royalists.
Advice was yesterday received in town that a banking house at Newcastle had stopped payment...
Duke Frederick of Brunswick Oels, has resigned the command of the Prussian army in Brabant...
The last French journals are silent respecting the reported decapitation of Generals Mirandi, Stingen and Lanoue.
HARWICH, April 15. Last night, after post, the Dolphin Packet, Capt. Flynn, arrived from Helvoetsluys...
AMERICA.
QUEBEC, March 28.
Joseph Draper was ordered for execution on Tuesday 2d of April...
The following is PRINCE EDWARD'S speech to the unhappy man in pronouncing his pardon:
"Draper, You have now reached the awful moment when a few seconds would carry you into the immediate presence of the Supreme Being."
"In this situation therefore, I have presumed to apply to the King's Representative here for your Pardon...
HARRISBURGH, (Penn.) June 3.
A correspondent wishes to know, what this same cap of liberty is, that was handed from head to head at the entertainment given to the Ambassador of the French Republic...
arrival in Philadelphia—what are the component parts, dimensions, and shape? Does it possess talismanic powers...
Philadelphia, June 8.
On Monday arrived here the brig Aurora, Capt. Strong, in seven days from Charleston.
Mr. Blanchard on Wednesday made his Parachute experiment with complete success.
It is currently reported (says a letter from Cape-Francois) that Admiral Gardner, with an English fleet, has taken all the French islands to the windward...
The 28th ult. a subscription was opened in the borough of Carlisle, for the benevolent purpose of aiding the distressed friends of Freedom in the Republic of France.
Mr. Daniel Joseph Contini, a native of Curacoa, aged about 28 years, whose father is a merchant in Amsterdam...
We are informed, by a Charleston paper, that a draft has been made from the inhabitants of the state of Georgia, for the purpose of repelling the aggressions of the Indians...
The frigate L'Embuscade, we hear, is gone out of the Capes.
The ship William, captured by the Citizen Genet, and the brig Fanny, a prize to the Sans Culottes, have been libelled against by their former owners, as illegal prizes.
By letters received in town this week, we learn that the Commissioners of the United States, for holding a treaty with the Indians, were arrived at Niagara the 27th ult.
RICHARD HOWEL, Esq. was elected Governor of New-Jersey on Monday last, by the Legislature of that state.
Tuesday being the Birth Day of his Britannic Majesty, several gentlemen met to celebrate it, at Mr. Richard's Tavern in Tenth Street.
1. George the Third, King of Great-Britain. 2. Queen Charlotte. 3. George Prince of Wales, and the rest of the Royal Family. 4. George Washington, President of the United States. 5. George Hammond, Minister Plenipotentiary from Great-Britain. 6. Phineas Bond, Consul-General from do. 7. The proclamation of neutrality—May the heart that dictated, and the head that proposed it, live long to enjoy the blessings of all true friends to humanity. 8. The prosperity and commerce of Great-Britain and America—may their interests be reciprocal, and those interests protected. 9. All good Americans—May moderation be their principle; neutrality their resolution, and industry their motto. 10. The cap of liberty; but may those who wear it, know there is another for licentiousness. 11. Men and principles—may neither be forgotten, if deserving remembrance. 12. The Constitution of Great-Britain—May skill be applied to remove all protrusions from the tree, so that its branches expand, and shelter those who now sit beyond their shade. 13. The red coats and wooden walls of Old England.
The National Convention have passed a decree for confining as hostages, for the safety and good treatment of Gen. Bourbonville and the four Commissioners sent prisoners to the Austrians by Gen. Dumourier...
Francis Xavier, Count Averberg, and Augustus Count de Linage, both of the family of Cobourg—the two brothers, Labarre, nephews to General Clairfait—Charles Olmedo, Count of Linange Witterbourg—Ferdinand Charles, his son, Hereditary Count—These hostages to be treated in the same manner as the Commissioners and the Minister Bourbonville are treated by the Austrians.
The decree of the Convention for the removal of the Bourbon family, has been carried into execution—except in the case of Madam Bourbon d'Orleans, who being sick, had been permitted to remain in her own house.
By the last accounts from England, it appears that the British fleet under the command of Lord Hood, was at sea.
The celebrated Dr. Graham, in an advertisement in a London paper, informs the public, that he has fasted 14 days and 14 nights successively, not having eat or drank even the smallest particle of any thing, except some simple raw water, of which he hath made solemn oath before the Lord Mayor of London.
In this there's nothing new—a Drayman's Horse, Was on a time a pupil to a course—Of Graham's Lectures—but in vain he tried, Sans Hay—Sans Oats—poor Tibby shrunk and dy'd.
BOSTON, June 1. DIRECT FROM FRANCE.
On Wednesday evening arrived at New-Bedford, the ship Canton, Capt. Hayden, from Dunkirk in France, which he left the 13th April.
Dunkirk, 13th April, 1793. According to all appearance, every moment is big with events, not the most pleasing. The passengers will give the particulars of the unexpected catastrophe of Dumourier's defection, which has caused the defeat and almost entire dissolution of the French army.
"The enemy has entered the French territory, and the result is wisely hid from us. Two of the most dreadful calamities that can befall a country, seem to invade the southern departments—Civil wars have commenced, and famine threatens them."
A letter from Bedford, says, that letters received by the Canton state:—That Dumourier, with Generals Valence and Egalite, (the younger) Two Hundred Officers and 4000 men, had joined the Austrian army; That the French, though apparently in good spirits, were making but feeble resistance, and that the Austrians were within 5 or 6 leagues of Dunkirk, and it was not expected it could be held from them. It was said the elder Egalite is under arrest at Paris."
The remains of the French army lately commanded by Dumourier, were in France, about 15 miles from Dunkirk, at the date of our last accounts.
Affignats, on the 12th April, were at two and an half for one in silver.
A letter from Tobago, dated May 7, says, "A French Squadron has arrived at Martinique, consisting of one ship of 110 guns, eight 74's, and five frigates."
SHIP NEWS.
ARRIVED at the PORT of PHILADELPHIA. Brig Portland, Pratt, St. Marks. Jenny, Ferris, St. Croix. Snow Hebe, Hylander, Falmouth. Schooner Sally, Curtis, N. Carolina. Sloop Hope, Venniman, Georgia.
Price of Stocks as in our last.
THE MEMBERS OF THE INSURANCE COMPANY OF NORTH AMERICA, Are desired to take Notice,
THAT the Constitution requires Payment of One Dollar on each Share, on the Second Monday (the 8th Day) of July next, on Penalty of Forfeiture of the Money already paid.
Such Stockholders as have not made their second Instalment, are informed, that Payment will be received at the Company's Office, No. 119, South Front-Street, either on or before the said Day, as they may find it most convenient.
EBENEZER HAZARD, Sec'y. June 8. 1793.
FOR SALE, 1360 Acres of excellent FARMING or TOBACCO LANDS,
LYING in the county of Amherst, in the state of Virginia, on one of the principal branches of James River, within six miles of the latter, from whence it is navigable for boats of ten or twelve tons burthen.
Besides the advantage of these lands, for the farmer or cultivator of tobacco, they are supposed, from a small though successful experiment made by the late Col. Chiswell, to contain an abundance of metals, which, if not of a precious (as has been even supposed) are certainly of a very valuable kind. The better however to ascertain this fact, and place the purchaser on a safe footing, in so hazardous a business, as all those subterraneous researches, without the utmost certainty of an abundance of the desired ore, are supposed to be, every reasonable and necessary assistance or indulgence will be rendered those inclined to make the experiment, as well as every other necessary information given by the printer of this Gazette in Philadelphia, or
JOHN NICHOLAS. Charlottesville, Virginia.

FROM THE NEWPORT MERCURY.
TO all those who are pleased to see the French Nation emancipate themselves from a government too prepotentous and corrupt to be any longer tolerated...
January 16th, 1692. At the Congress of the Hague... the Imperial, the English, Italian, Spanish and Dutch Ministers, a declaration was drawn up...
April 10th, 1692. Mons was surrendered to the French.
June 5th, 1692. The town of Namur surrendered to the French.
August 3d. A battle was fought at Steinkirk, the Confederates were commanded by King William in person...
June 16th, 1693. Admiral Rook with twenty-three men of war, having the Turkey fleet under his convoy, was attacked off Cape St. Vincent...
July 28th. The Confederate Army, commanded by King William, was entirely defeated by the French...
Sept. 24th. The French, under the command of Monseigneur Catinat, defeated the Confederates...
June 8th. The English fleet with a body of land force on board came before Brecht in France...
May 26th. The French made themselves masters of Carthagena, in America...
July 26th, 1697. The Earl of Portland, and Marshal Buflers, adjusted the differences between King William and the French King...
Thus did this nation (who at that time were spoken of by the English as ragged, half-starved Frenchmen, led on frog-footed) defy and triumph over a combination of enemies nearly equal to the present...
From this piece of history, the friends of France, of humanity and equality, may learn two important points. First, That one hundred years ago, the miseries and sufferings of the French nation, from a cruel government and policy, was not a mere vulgar notion...
Kings and hereditary Princes, from Pharaoh and Rehoboam, down to the Fredericks and Georges of our time, have been just as beneficial to the human race, as school-boys have been to the race of sparrows.
other scourge to which men are liable.—Our late Most Gracious Sovereign, in the richness of his clemency, and the fulness of his Royal mercy, put about 150,000 of his very good subjects of America to death...
An expedient to relieve a child who has a corn or bean, or any other loose substance lodged in its nose.
TAKE the child between your knees, stop both its ears with your fingers, and with your thumb stop the nostril that is clear...
I have known this remedy to be used in several instances, of late, with success; and that when the substance (in one instance a corn and the other a bean) was so far up the nostril, that it could be extracted by no instrument.
GENERAL POST OFFICE, Philadelphia, May 27, 1793.
500 Dollars Reward.
WHEREAS a certain THOMAS SLOSS GANTT, has lately made his escape from Baltimore County Gaol...
TIMOTHY PICKERING, Post-Master General.
The following is a description of the above-named THOMAS SLOSS GANTT: He is about six feet high, stout and well made...
Albany Glass-House.
The Proprietors of the Glass-Manufactory, under the Firm of M'CLALLEN, M'GREGOR and Co.
BEG leave to inform the public, that they have now brought their WINDOW-GLASS to such perfection...
Having fixed their prices at a lower rate than imported Glass, they are induced to believe, that importations of this article will be discontinued...
All orders for WINDOW-GLASS, of any size, will be received at the Store of RHODES and MACGREGOR, No. 234, Queen-Street, New-York...
WANTED, six smart active LADS, not exceeding 16 years of age, to be indentured as Apprentices...
Also, three Window-Glass Makers, to whom great encouragement will be given. May 1, 1793.
City of Washington.
JANUARY 7th, 1793. A NUMBER of Lots in this City will be offered for sale at auction, by the Commissioners...
JOHN M. GANTT, Clerk to the Court.
Extract of an Act of the General Assembly of Maryland, concerning the Territory of Columbia, and the City of Washington. Be it enacted, That any foreigner may by deed or will, hereafter to be made, take and hold lands within that part of the said Territory which lies within this State...
STATE OF RHODE-ISLAND and PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS.
In General Assembly, May Session, A. D. 1793.
RESOLVED, That an Act passed by this Assembly at the Session in May, A. D. 1791, whereby JAMES BOWAN, Esq. Commissioner of Loans, was requested not to loan any Notes of a certain description...
It is further resolved, That the General Treasurer advertise in all the newspapers in this State, and in the Gazette of the United States...
List of Notes obtained from the Treasury Office by fraudulent Measures, to wit:
Table with 4 columns: When delivered, To whom payable, When payable, Amount of the Face. It lists various names and amounts from 1790 to 1793.
IN OBEDIENCE to the above recited Act of the General Assembly, I do hereby caution all persons from receiving any of the above mentioned Notes...
who performed the service, to whom the balances were found due, or from their legal representatives or attorneys. HENRY SHERBURNE, General Treasurer. Newport, May 14, 1793.
CIRCULAR LETTER, OF THE HISTORICAL SOCIETY, Respectfully addressed to every Gentleman of Science in the Continent and Islands of America.
SIR, A SOCIETY has lately been instituted in this State, called the HISTORICAL SOCIETY; the professed design of which is, to collect, preserve and communicate, materials for a complete history of this country...
They have also encouraged the publication of a monthly pamphlet, in which is given the result of their enquiries, into the natural, political and ecclesiastical history of this country. It is requested that you would contribute to its value and importance...
Articles on which the Society request information.
1. The time when your town or city was incorporated; its Indian name; when the settlement began; whether it was interrupted, and by what means; to what Colony or County it was first annexed; and if there have been any alterations, what they are, and when made. 2. The exploits, labours and sufferings of the inhabitants in war; particular accounts of devastations, deaths, captivities and redemptions. 3. Divisions of your town or city in parishes and precincts, or the erection of new towns within the former limits. 4. Time of gathering churches of every denomination; names of the several Ministers; the times of their settlement, removal and death; and their age at the time of their death. 5. Biographical anecdotes of persons in your town, or within your knowledge, who have been remarkable for ingenuity, enterprise, literature, or any other valuable accomplishment; an account of their literary productions, and if possible, copies of them. 6. Topographical description of your town or county, and its vicinity; mountains, rivers, ponds, animals, vegetable productions; remarkable falls, caverns, minerals, stones, fossils, pigments, medicinal and poisonous substances, their uses and antidotes. 7. The former and present state of cultivation, and your thoughts on farther improvements, either in respect to agriculture, roads or canals. 8. Monuments and relics of the ancient Indians; number and present state of any remaining Indians among you. 9. Singular instances of longevity and fecundity from the first settlement to the present time. 10. Observations on the weather, diseases, and the influence of the climate, or of particular situations, employments and aliments, especially the effect of spirituous liquors on the human constitution. 11. Accurate bills of mortality, specifying ages and casualties, the proportion of births and deaths, and the increase or decrease of population. 12. Accounts of manufactures and fisheries, and thoughts on the farther improvement of them. 13. Modes of education, private or public; what encouragement is given to schools and colleges, and what is done to advance literature; whether you have a social library, what is the number of books, and of what value. 14. What remarkable events have befallen your state, county, town, or particular families or persons, at any time. P.S. The Corresponding Members of this Society are requested to transmit to the Corresponding Secretary, any historical information of which they may be possessed, respecting any part of the American Continent and Islands, together with printed acts and journals of Assemblies and Conventions, whether civil or ecclesiastical. And the Society will gratefully receive from them and from all other persons whatever, any books, pamphlets, manuscripts, maps or plans which may be useful in forming an historical collection—and any natural or artificial productions which may enlarge the Museum. The Library and Museum are deposited in an apartment of Faneuil Hall. Any person desirous of making a search among the books or manuscripts, may have access to them under such regulations, as may be known by applying to any one of the members.
Just published, By THOMAS DOBSON, At the Stone House, No. 41, South Second-Street, A CASE, Decided in the SUPREME COURT of the UNITED STATES, in which is discussed the Question, WHETHER A STATE IS LIABLE TO BE SUED BY A PRIVATE CITIZEN OF ANOTHER STATE? Price Half a Dollar. The price of this Gazette is Three Dollars per annum—One half to be paid at the time of subscribing.