National gazette. (Philadelphia [Pa.]), 1792-08-15 00:00:00

National Gazette.
By P. FRENEAU: Published WEDNESDAYS and SATURDAYS, at THREE DOLLARS per annum.
VOL. I.
WEDNESDAY, August 15, 1792.
NUMB. 83.
SUBSTANCE of the DECLARATION Delivered by M. Bulgakow, the Russian Ambassador at Warsaw, to the Polish Diet on the 28th of May.
THE Ambassador declares that the liberty and independence of the Republic of Poland have at all times drawn the attention of the neighbouring powers; and that her Majesty, the Empress of all the Russias still makes this claim, together with her formal and positive engagements with the republic, and declares that it has been her endeavour to preserve inviolably these two precious attributes of her political existence. Her motives arose from her love of justice and order, and from her affection and good wishes towards a nation united with her Empire by identity of origin, language, and all other natural relations. These considerations, (says the Empress) represented the ambition of those rulers who, not contented with that share of authority allowed them by the laws, have aspired at a greater share of power than by those laws they had a right to claim. She goes on to complain that those Rulers have had the perfidious audacity to declare, as oppressive and humiliating, the act by which Russia guarantees the constitution of Poland; at the same time that Germany and other the most powerful States have eagerly sought such a guarantee as a security of their property and independence. She declares that her interference for restoring the former constitution is solely to be attributed to her friendship and generosity. She recites the modes adopted by the Revolutionists, while Russia was engaged in a war against two powerful enemies, to form a Confederate Diet; their object being 'to maintain the free Republican Government, to support the Magistrates in their functions, and to preserve the property of Citizens.'
"She complains that this Diet or factious assumed to themselves all branches of power, have prolonged their sittings above three years and a half (a duration of which the annals of Poland do not offer a single instance) and to crown the whole, completely overturned, on the third of May 1791, the ancient form of government under which the Republic had so long flourished."
The manner in which the revolution of Poland was effected is then described; after which the Empress says, "that the Revolutionists, not satisfied with having created internal discords, have acted in such a manner abroad, as to be likely to bring on an open war with Russia, the old Ally, the best friend of the republic and of the nation. The utmost stretch of generosity in the Empress was necessary to prevent her from resenting sooner the insults with which she has been provoked. At the time that the Empress's troops marched through Poland during the war with Turkey, every thing necessary for the support of those troops was amicably agreed on, although rancour seemed already to manifest itself. But when the plan for subverting the republic came to be executed, the Russian troops were ordered to be withdrawn from the Polish territories, and the old magazines were removed beyond the Polish Frontiers, and a duty was proposed to be paid on crossing the river Dniester on the materials forming those magazines, although they were procured greatly to the advantage of the Polish Citizens. Her Majesty's subjects in Poland were arrested and maliciously impeached for having excited the inhabitants to insurrection. They were tortured into confession, and sentenced to death and executed. The professors of the Greek religion were persecuted, and among others, the Bishop of Parejasslaw, an imperial subject, fell a victim to his persecution. Even in the centre of the metropolis, in a Chapel which having the Russian arms over it, sufficiently proves that it was a privileged place, a minister
was, by Polish soldiers, seized at the altar and carried before an incompetent tribunal. Satisfaction for this outrage was demanded and refused on vague pretences. In short, the most solemn treaties between Russia and Poland have not only been violated, but an extraordinary deputation was sent to Turkey, then at open war with Russia, making offers to this power of an offensive treaty against Russia. Of this fact the Archives of the ministerial correspondence of the Cabinet of Warsaw afford incontestable proof. A disrespect was shewn to the person and exalted rank of the Empress in open Diet, and the rudeness encouraged and applauded by the party who had subverted the Constitution. The least of these grievances would justify the Empress, in the sight of God and men, to take signal vengeance; yet it is not with this view that the Empress publishes this Declaration. She is led, from motives of innate equity, not to confound the nation with the party who have betrayed her confidence. She is convinced that the majority had no share in the insults offered to her majesty. She is, therefore, willing to sacrifice her just resentment, in hope that all those grievances will be remedied by means of a New Diet. The Empress cannot, however, be deaf to the claims of a great number of Poles who have united into a lawful Confederation against the mischievous effects of the illegal Confederation at Warsaw. They have claimed the support of the Empress who has readily promised it, as her desire to strictly fulfil the obligations of her treaties.
"In order to fulfil her promise, the Empress has ordered part of her troops to enter the territories of Poland. They are to act as friends, and to co-operate in the restoration of the rights and privileges of the republic. All those who shall receive them as such shall, beside a perfect oblivion of the past, be protected in their persons, and property. Those who have scruples concerning the oath which they have taken, are to consider that they were led into it by error. The removal of this new oath is the only means of clearing themselves of perjury. Should any people obstinately persevere to oppose the benevolent intentions of the Empress, they may thank themselves if they be treated as they deserve, as it is in their power to abjure their errors. The Polish nation are, finally, invited to place unlimited confidence in the generosity and disinterestedness of the Empress who wishes for nothing so much as that they might restore the true and solid basis of its real welfare."
Given at Warsaw, May 18, 1792.
(Signed) D. VON. BULGAKOW.
L O N D O N, June 9.
AT length war, long threatened has broken out between the French and the Austrians. In one of our political speculations, near two months ago, we gave it as our opinion, that the Germans would not cross the Rhine, but prepare to act on the defensive, foreseeing that the vivacity and indeed intemperate passion of the French, would hurry them on to the commencement of hostilities, by an irruption into the low countries, which would tend to bring a general odium on that nation, and to give an air of justice and popularity to the war on the part of Austria, in the sight of all Europe, at least all, or almost all the courts of Europe. The event has verified our prediction. But we must confess we did not foresee that the first military effort of French freedom would be attended not only with disaster but with disgrace. It is not the repulse from Mons and Tourney that the patriots of France, and other countries too, have to deplore, so much as certain circumstances that preceded, and others that
followed it. The attack, or rather the attempt, on those cities was made in the time of a truce, proposed by the French commanders, it is said, in order to lull the Austrians into security. The murder of Dillon and his second in command, with the head engineer and some Austrian deserters declare, in horrid accents, the total want of discipline in the French armies, and the danger every general officer fears who is hardly enough to command them. What the issue of all this will be, we must leave, as usual in all complicated cases, to time. At present, nothing can exceed the plain sound sense, as well as disciplined vigour, that appears in the whole conduct of the Austrians, both civil and military: nor the blind and precipitate fury that actuates the French mob; for we do not know a more proper term for the acting part of that great nation, ever since it fell into the hands of the Jacobines, those ardent philosophers, transferring to their neighbours the impressions that prevailed, and almost raged in their own breasts, imagined that the chief towns in the Austrian Netherlands would open their gates, and received them with open arms. They would more than divide the inhabitants, they hoped, with an arbitrary though hereditary monarch. In the first place, they did not, when they formed this opinion, make a just estimate either of the German or Belgic character, neither of which is so ardent in sentiment, or so quick in resolution as a Frenchman; nor did they consider that the great party that still governs the Austrian Netherlands, is that of the aristocracy and the clergy.
But if the generality of the people of the low countries had been disposed to join the French, they dare not to avow their sentiments until the French should be in a situation, by the possession of certain places, to afford them protection.
Although it is readily owned that there never appeared in any age or country, greater humanity or honour than what distinguished, or, shall we say distinguished, French gentlemen and noblemen, yet for those noble sentiments they are indebted more to education, and that education arising in a great measure out of a feudal government, than to any kindly temperature and milky softness of natural disposition. A Frenchman is by nature a pert, proud, and fiery animal. That this is so the democratical writers of France acknowledged, and boast of it. He has a natural strut and air of defiance in his walk—he is quite at his ease wherever he be—he looks at you in the face with confident assurance—he thinks it below him, if he be in any decent circumstances at all, to attend his shop, or any details of business. C'est une chose indigne , says he, and devolves it on the woman. When his angry passions are aroused, he knows no bounds: but, like a wild beast, or savage African, feels a propensity even to eat the flesh and drink the blood of his enemy, or the victim of his fury. The atrocities committed on the mangled corpse of General Dillon will not surprise any one who is versant in French history. In the reign of Lewis XIII. the populace of Paris fell upon the Marechal and Marchioness D'Ancre, Italians by birth, and favourites of the Queen Regent, Mary de Medicis; murdered them, tore out their hearts and livers, broiled them, and actually devoured them. The French are a people of lively and impetuous passions. It is a problem not yet determined whether the French are susceptible of a republican form of government?—Perhaps they are not to be restrained within the bounds of moderation without the steady and tight hand of Monarchy—a well regulated and limited monarchy is the best blessing they could enjoy under heaven.
It is generally believed, that the king of Hungary in the present crusade in the
cause of kings, will be joined not only by the king of Prussia, whose troops are already in motion for that purpose, but also by the king of Sardinia; if not, finally, by the king of Spain. What part the Empress of Russia may take in the crusade since the death of the king of Sweden, we pretend not to conjecture; for it is now said that the views and councils of the Regent Duke of Sudermania are wholly pacific, and that he has declared his wish to live in peace with all his neighbours, and to preserve tranquility, and give satisfaction at home by the exercise of a wise economy and every political virtue. The heroism with which the Swedish conspirators avow their designs and sustain their fate, excites a lively regret that their virtue had not been exerted in a better cause.
The rejection of the motion in the House of commons for a reform in the Scotch burghs, that is a restoration to their original constitution has at last, roused a very general discontent in the Northern parts of this island, and put Sawny into a great passion. The sub-minister for Scotland has been burnt in effigy at Aberdeen and Dundee, and other great towns: and the Burgh Reformers of the North still say, that they maun [must] and fall [shall] hae redress . The Lord advocate for Scotland has given notice that he is to bring in a bill for regulating the expenditure of the money which the aristocratical juntas of self-elected magistrates levy on the people. It is a common thing for all governments, when once the spirits and passions of any community are excited, to attempt a compromise and put them off with a little. This might be a wise policy before their passions be up, but not after. The persevering Scots will have justice. It must be owned, that it is very hard that a few families should lay their heads together, assess a town in an annual sum, and convert it into a kind of estate to them and theirs forever.
It has been wisely determined, in the house of Peers to weigh the reports of cruelties practised on slaves, & the general situation of the African cultivators of our West India islands, in the scales of evidence, and that evidence, not taken precipitately or privately, in committee above stairs but at the bar of the House and in the face of the world. There is not a doubt but those reports will, on the whole be found to be gross and calumnious exaggerations.
It is with sounder judgment, as well as philanthropy, that Lord Rawdon, who, uniting the high honour of past, with the science of modern times, may be called a noble chevalier without his follies, appears before the House of Lords, when Mr. Grey finds it too late to carry his point in the House of commons, as the advocate for some immediate relief to unfortunate, but honest insolvent debtors.
Every day brings to light some discovery that does honor to the genius of our countrymen, and forms a presage of the encreased prosperity and glory of England: The improvement in the steam engine, and its application to new objects: The wonderful art of multiplying pictures in oil colours, so as not to be distinguishable from the originals but by microscopical attention; the discovery of so many different kinds and qualities of arts:—All these, and many other circumstances, mark the present as an era of rapid advancement in science and practical knowledge. An invention, of equal importance to any of these, attracts attention at the present moment: and it peculiarly becomes the conductor of a Printing Press to mention it:—A gentleman of Kent has found out a chemical process, which renders paper made of any rags, as white as that made of the finest kind; which, it is hoped, will considerably reduce the price of paper.

For the NATIONAL GAZETTE.
MR. FRENEAU.
BEING a reader of the Gazette of the United States, which I borrow of a neighbour, I find much has been laid therein respecting a salary of two hundred and fifty dollars a year you receive for translating for the department of State. This clerkship is there deemed by a writer that calls himself an American, to be incompatible with your station as conductor of a newspaper. Of this incompatibility let the proper authority determine. It may be well enough, however, and certainly not unfair, to retort on this occasion. I am informed that the Printer of the Gazette of the United States, the immaculate Mr. John Fenno, is printer to the Senate of the United States, the emoluments of which office are very considerable, as can be made appear from a calculation on the sums annually paid for his services as printer. I am further informed that the same Mr. John Fenno enjoys exclusively the printing for the treasury department, where it seems he has rendered himself a particular favourite — He has also of late, it is said, made his approaches to another public office in Chestnut-Street, and is in a fair way of being soon, if not already, in full possession of the business thereunto appertaining.
From all which the natural inference is, that two thousand or twenty five hundred dollars a year, cannot otherwise than have some sort of influence on the Editor of the Gazette of the United States, especially when his avaricious principles are brought into view. They who are skilful at tracing cause and effect, will be at no loss in this matter. By comparing circumstances and nicely balancing the quid pro quo , wonders will be brought to light that no man would have dreamt of. I insist on it, my reasoning is fair: if two hundred and fifty dollars a year must necessarily be influential on one hand, ten times that sum must undoubtedly have a tenfold influence on the other. The principles of Mr. John Fenno, and his letters on, are pretty well known—but, for the benefit of the United States at large, they will be better known in a short time by a pamphlet of extracts from his former files. G.
For the NATIONAL GAZETTE.
METEORS, in their nature and origin, have been but little attended to, or understood by the generality of mankind. Altho' they have not been considered as the precursors of important events, yet those who are unacquainted with the revolutions in the natural world, should be informed that their effects are indubitably dangerous to the human constitution.
It is a fact no less certain, than worthy of remark, that in the month of August there are more meteors to be observed in the atmosphere, than at any other period of the year, and that they are to be seen circulating more over extensive marshes and low grounds, than over higher and dryer situations: This is a fact equally illustrative of the vitiated state of the atmosphere, and that then must certainly be a great quantity of inflammable air circulating in the atmosphere, generated in consequence of the vast fermentation of vegetable matter, and the stagnant waters being operated on by the heat of the Sun. This air from its remarkable levity ascends, and when the electric spark comes in contact with a volume of this air, it produces the appearance of what is erroneously called shooting stars—The projectile appearance of these accensions, is longer or shorter in proportion to the concentrated quantity of the inflammable air. Hence we may infer from the appearance of these phenomena, that the equilibrium of the atmosphere is greatly destroyed in consequence of the accumulation of the caloric principle or matter of fire from the Sun, the extensive fermentations that are carried on in the marshes and low grounds, and the inflammable component part of the stagnant water exhaled in the atmosphere.
A knowledge of these appearances led me to apprehend the approach of the epidemics of the season, therefore they may serve as forebodings of a great physical event, which may be in a great measure avoided.
Let me recommend to all, particularly those whose flamina are delicate, such as debilitated women and children, to avoid cautiously the meridian sun, and the evening air, during the dog days.
By S.F.C. & Philanthropist.
Hints for establishing the Theory of the TIDES: [Translated from the works of a French Author, (now living) recently published at Paris.]
THE authority of great names is but too often subservient to the propagation of error. Thus it has been that upon the credit of Maupertuis and Condamine, all Europe has been taught to believe, and does generally believe to this day, that the globe of the earth is flattened at the poles; that is to say, that the polar axis is considerably shorter than the equatorial diameter. On the contrary, demonstration may be brought to prove, that the polar axis is considerably longest, or, in other words, that the globe of the earth is, what Cassini formerly asserted it to be, a prolate spheroid. The demonstration that has been given by the learned is strictly geometrical, and I will venture to say, unanswerable; and were Newton himself now alive, I have no doubt but he would abjure his error on this head, although he was the first that broached it.
The lunar theory of the tides, with which the world has hitherto been content to be satisfied, has nevertheless been involved in inexplicable difficulties. For my own part I am fully of opinion that the ebb and flow of the sea, the origin of which many writers have left among the secrets of nature, are owing entirely to the alternate melting of the ice at the poles, which in their respective winter seasons are surrounded with an ocean of ice, upwards of three thousand leagues in circumference, but in their summer are reduced to a much less extent.
It has been objected to this new theory, that "it denies the supposed action of the moon upon the face of the ocean, which agrees so well with the various phenomena of the tides." But they who consider the arguments advanced, with proper attention, will see, in a work I have written on the subject, that I do not by any means absolutely deny the lunar influence upon the ocean; but instead of making the moon act with most power on the seas about the equator, by an imaginary attraction, which produces not the least effect (as there are no tides, or at least hardly any perceivable ones within the tropics) I restrain her influence to the frozen seas at the poles, where the melting of the ice is partly occasioned by the rays of the sun reflected with considerable heat from her surface, a fact well known to the ancients,* and which has been demonstrated by the moderns from the simple experiment of a glass of water. Besides, it is not true that there is a perfect agreement with the phases of the moon and the flow of the tides in all parts of the world. The ebb and flow upon our own coasts (France) answers rather to the mean, than the real and exact motion of the moon. In other places the waters of the great ocean obey other laws, which Newton himself was aware of when he said "Undoubtedly there exists in nature some other partial cause of the regular return of the tides, which acts conjointly with that we have assigned, but which is still unknown." These general effects, then, which would not agree with Newton's theory but in part, are clearly accounted for from the direct influence of the sun, and the indirect influence of the moon in reflecting her rays upon, and melting the cone of ice at the poles alternately, as the sun is in the winter or summer signs. The liquefaction of the ice perfectly accounts also for the regular return of the tides, their delay for several minutes every day, and other phenomena wholly inexplicable upon any other plan.
Instead of this theory being confuted , it has been only contradicted on the authority of Newton, with whom, on this subject, I differ in opinion. As to Newton, I venerate him for his genius and virtues, but truth has a still greater claim to my regard. Several philosophers of reputation have been deceived by Newton's authority, and he himself was deceived in many particulars by a too rigid attachment to his own system. Newton taught that the centrifugal force, which he applied to the motion of the planets, had been the principal cause of flattening the globe of the earth at the poles, by acting most powerfully at the equator. Norwood, an English mathematician, in measuring upon a meridian between London and York, found a degree on the earth more by eight fathoms, than Cassini had allowed it in France. Newton (says Voltaire) attributed the small excess of eight fathoms in a degree, to the figure of the earth, which he believed to be a spheroid, flattened at the poles: and he thought that Norwood in measuring on a meridian to the northward of France, must of consequence have found his degrees greater than those of Cassini, since he supposed the curve of the ground, as measured by him, to be longer." Now, the degrees being greater, and the curve of the earth being longer towards the pole than
* It is well known that the rays of the Moon, especially towards the full, will render fish and other animal substances putrid in a few minutes. Likewise, take two basins or pans with a small quantity of water in each, just enough to cover the surface, and set them out in a bright moon light night, one in the shade, the other exposed to the rays of the moon, and the latter will be by far the soonest evaporated.
in lower latitudes, Newton ought in truth to have concluded from thence that the earth was lengthened at the poles; whereas, on the contrary, he drew the inference, that the earth was flattened like an orange, or in other words, was an oblate spheroid.
Newton seems to have been so intent upon developing his system of the heavens, that in this instance he entirely overlooked a geometrical absurdity. He adopted without examination an experiment, which he believed favorable to opinions he had previously entertained, notwithstanding it implied an absolute contradiction in the nature of things. Our more modern astronomers have again been seduced in their turn by the reputation of Newton, and by a weakness inseparable from the human mind, the endeavoring to explain all the operations of nature by one simple law. Even Bouguer, one of their fellow labourers, says positively, that "upon the discovery of the earth being flattened at the poles, rests the whole fabric of natural philosophy.
Full of this mistaken idea, a company of French philosophers undertook between them, a journey to the equatorial and polar parts of our globe, to establish by physical proofs, this opinion of Newton; yet so dazzled were they by the splendor of his fame, that they winked their eyes against truth itself, which far from the prejudices of Europe, came to meet them in the deserts, and put herself under their protection. If Newton then, and all his followers have fallen into so palpable a mistake in this instance, let us be suspicious of all their other experiments, particularly that of the sinking of the barometer in high northern latitudes, and their other geographical observations which seem to contradict the prolongation of the polar axis of the earth. In our present research, let us set aside all human authority, and apply to nature only, as Descartes did, who by only doubting the truth of it, overthrew the philosophy of his age, a philosophy which had so long inveloped the real laws of nature in darkness, and had so prejudiced the world in favor of Aristotle, that his assertions were considered by all the universities as the decrees of Truth itself.
As to my own idea of the prolongation of the earth at the poles, it is deduced from the experiments of Kepler, Childrey, Tycho-Brahi, Cassini, and the observations of several modern French philosophers of repute. The prodigious extent of the frozen oceans that surround the poles, I have proved in the course of the works I have published, from the voyages of Dennis, Bearings, Cook, and other celebrated navigators of the northern and southern oceans.
The reader will also find that the opinion of the deviation of the sun from the ecliptic, in very ancient times, is supported from Egyptian tradition, Chinese annals, and even from the Grecian history.
The total thaw of the polar ice, and the universal deluge which was only a consequence thereof, I have found clearly mentioned in the books of Moses and Job, in the holy scriptures.
The solar heat reflected from the surface of the moon, is a discovery made so long ago as in the time of Pliny, and confirmed very lately by experiments made at Rome and Paris.
That there are general currents which flow six months alternately, in the main oceans, from both poles towards the equator, I have proved from the voyages of Columbus, Bearings, Martens, Ellis, Linchoten, Abel Tasman, Dampier, Pennant, Rennefort, etc.—From all these writers I have made a collection of scattered observations, tending to prove that there is a general agreement in the movements of the great ocean, the principal cause of which is the heat of the sun—the means are the polar ice; and the effects, the half-yearly and alternate currents of the several oceans, together with the tides which we see rising twice every twenty-four hours upon the shores of the northern Atlantic.
Some have asserted, that in proportion as you advance to the poles, the sea becomes clear of ice, and the navigation free and open. Such assertions as these, if generally believed, would envelope philosophy in darkness. The contrary has been experienced by all credible navigators, so that no faith is to be reposed therein; if it were true, undoubtedly my system would fall to the ground, but as it is evidently false, we shall say nothing further on what is contrary to reason as well as experience.
No. I.
TO THE PEOPLE OF THE UNITED STATES.
ATTEND to your real prosperity, now or never, and be not indifferent to the measures of your government, otherwise the day will quickly advance when you will no longer be permitted to hold any share in its administration. Already you have been told that "you should not trust to your own judgment in the choice of representatives." There are, I well know, a number who would judge for you. Submit to this: let this become a precedent, and you will soon after find yourselves reduced below the rank of civilized beings. The very channels of information will be denied you, and the wretched situation of the much-injured Irish nation will be realized
in America, if the poorer class of men are once reduced to the same state of ignorance. It was the malicious policy of the British government to keep the Irish in a state of ignorance; they began by taxing newspapers, and afterwards increased the duty on those most useful publications to such an extent, that now it is not in the power of a poor man to purchase them. Thus has the best channel of knowledge been choked up by a wicked administration; thus have the people been kept in a state of barbarous ignorance, in order to make them the more abject slaves of despotic measures; thus have they been led blindfolded for centuries, and the moment that an attempt is made to inform or instruct them in their rights, so soon as Paine's pamphlet appears, to convince the people that they are men and not brutes—up starts the ministry, the kings, and the hereditary nobles of the earth—for what? to prevent the rest of their fellow creatures from seeing, hearing, tasting, smelling, or touching the blessings of freedom and equal liberty,—And has not the same game been played already in America?—Yes, fellow citizens of the United States, a similar game has commenced between you and some of those whom you have supposed the guardians of your rights. Speculation, intrigue, self-interest, and an inordinate desire of accumulating immoderate fortunes by a momentary and usurious process, soon entered into their hearts—they forgot you, they slighted the complaints of their own constituents, and, in a manner, disposed of you for the mammon of unrighteousness. During the first, and great part of the second session of 1789 and 1790, the press was trammelled by a certain description of men at New-York, who when any writer dared to publish a line against these characters of avarice, was instantly branded with the appellation of "Enemy to the constitution."
My fellow citizens of the United States, the constitution is a good one—but the constitution and the administration of it are different things. You all know that courts of justice are, or ought to be governed by law and equity; but who is there amongst you, who has not, in many instances, seen both equity and law reversed in a court of justice? So it is with the constitution of the United States; it may be, and I will venture to assert, has been reversed by the administration of the very first Congress that met under its auspices to legislate for the general welfare. The instances I will mention in some future number, but my present address shall be confined to the attempts lately made to stifle the channels of information.
It has been clearly proved that the post-office was not sacred in the years 1787 and 1788. It was as well ascertained that most of the presses in New-York were under an undue influence in 1789 and 1790, and since the arrival of Congress in Philadelphia, when money and moneyed influence could no longer interrupt the bold stream of periodical information, the interested characters aforementioned have adopted a favorite measure and mode of attack in sapping and mining character . Personal abuse of all those worthy men who have been firm enough to steer clear of base intrigue or servile approbation of illegal unconstitutional measures, is now resorted to; and we find the true friends of the people set up as butts for the envvenomed pens of an aspiring crew, who having seized on the public vessel, would plunder her of the cargo and leave only a hull for the owners. It is therefore high time to warn the people of their danger, and to caution them to beware of re-electing men who were in partnership with brokers in New-York whilst the funding and assumption systems were yet depending in Congress, and who after having dispatched pilot-boats and expresses to the uninformed possessors of public securities, with agents to purchase them up for a song, were at the same time pleading on the floor of Congress in favour of laws that should enrich themselves upon the fruits of this surreptitious harvest, leaving only a stubble to their constituents for all their past labour, for all their former treasure, and for the blood of an hundred thousand freemen sacrificed in the cause of liberty.
But you are "enemies to the constitution" (says a certain gazette) if you speak one word of these measures;" and the moment that any enquiry into the conduct of administration takes place, the enquirer is sure to be branded with every odious epithet, in that gazette. But there are such men, these enemies of free enquiry, friends of the people;—are the authors and propagators of calumny friends of the people?—Mark well, my countrymen, it is by arts like these that you will be always assailed by men, who possessing no other talents than sinistre are aiming at the highest grades of office, those honorable stations, which ought never to be filled by any sons or supporters of the speculating betrayers of your confidence. With respect to the Secretary of State, although I am personally unknown to him, and perfectly sure that I shall never ask or receive any favour from him, yet I think it no more than common justice to observe, in this place, that his general character, and most probably his real one, is the very reverse of those ambitious persons who have undertaken to vilify him. It is true according to the information I have, he is not possessed of that refless ambition which the

Brokers so much admire, as subservient to their favourite purposes. He spends his leisure hours in philosophic and useful study, instead of writing scurrilous essays to the traduction of public and private character. He is not aiming at any superior post to that which he now fills with so much credit to himself, and the American republic at large.
These hints I have thrown out for the good of my fellow citizens: and if the people will enquire and judge for themselves, they will find truth to be my object. Since the investigation of character has been begun for electioneering purposes, I may possibly in a future number, take the same liberty as others have done and exhibit to the public view in their true colours, some who think themselves very snug at the present instant, but are well known in all their disguises to hundreds of citizens of the United States, and among others to.
An Independent Federal Elector.
ON LOTTERIES.
THE over-weaning conceit which the greater part of men have of their own abilities, is an ancient evil remarked by the philosophers and moralists of all ages. Their absurd presumption in their good fortune, has been less taken notice of. It is, however, if possible, still more universal. There is no man living who, when in tolerable health and spirits, has not some share of it. The chance of gain is by every man more or less over-valued, and the chance of loss is by most men under-valued, and by scarce any man, who is in tolerable health and spirits, valued more than it is worth. That the chance of gain is naturally over-valued, we may learn from the universal success of lotteries. The world neither ever saw, nor ever will see, a perfectly fair lottery; or one in which the whole gain compensated the whole loss; because the undertaker could make nothing by it. In the state-lotteries the tickets are really not worth the price which is paid by the original subscribers, and yet commonly sell in the market for twenty, thirty, and sometimes forty per cent advance. The vain hope of gaining some of the great prizes is the sole cause of this demand. The soberest people scarce look upon it as a folly to pay a small sum for the chance of gaining ten or twenty thousand pounds; though they know that even that small sum is perhaps twenty or thirty per cent more than the chance is worth. In a lottery in which no prize exceeded twenty pounds, though in other respects it approached much nearer to a perfectly fair one than the common state-lotteries, there would not be the same demand for tickets. In order to have a better chance for some of the great prizes, some people purchase several tickets, and others, small shares in a still greater number. There is not, however, a more certain proposition in mathematics, than that the more tickets you adventure upon, the more likely you are to be a loser. Adventure upon all the tickets in the lottery, and you lose for certain; and the greater the number of your tickets the nearer you approach to this certainty.
(Smith's Wealth of Nations.)
To the FREEMEN of PENNSYLVANIA.
Fellow Citizens,
IT is the peculiar happiness of a free country that every citizen is at liberty to speak & to publish his sentiments on government. As a citizen of the state of Pennsylvania, whose interest and welfare are dear to me, I have given me birth and support, I think I may without apology hazard a few opinions. I have beheld, and not without concern, the distractions in this state, which have made man a foe to man, and a citizen the tyrant of his fellow, occasioned by a difference in political sentiment; as if it were unnatural to man to view the same thing differently from his neighbour, or to reason upon the same subject differently, according to the turn of his mind, and the manner in which evidence strikes him. Unfettered by party, and unprejudiced by prevailing as fashionable doctrines, I will publish my sentiments, careless of the opinions which may be passed upon the motives, as I stand acquitted with myself. The question which engages and perhaps agitates your minds at present is, whether conferences are or are not proper; and I will add, whether committees of correspondence are or are not improper? Men often differ about a name, and it appears to me that the difference between a committee of correspondence and a conference, is a difference about the symbol without any disagreement in the thing itself. It is improper to delegate your authority to a conference is it not equally absurd to delegate it to a committee of correspondence? Is there not a transfer of the right of judging for yourselves in both cases? Either you must or must not be influenced by a committee of correspondence—if you are influenced by them you surrender your right of judging—if you are not, their existence is a nullity, and they are the shadows of a shade. It is to no purpose to say that the committee will publish the information they receive and leave you to act upon it; for the information will flow through a channel of their own creating, and may be different from that, which you might receive yourselves. Is the committee without party
views, favoritism, or self-interest? If it is not, what will be the result of your information? If it is, as perfection is not the lot of humanity, I shall suppose it more fit for celestial correspondence, than for terrestrial concerns. I mean no personality—human nature may differ in complexion and figure, but its essence is the same. As I have prescribed both modes of obtaining information, as they are prettily called, it will be expected that I should point out one more eligible. This may be done, without difficulty. We have a free press, and this is the best, fairest, and most independent mode of giving and receiving instruction. Conforming to my plan, I have framed a ticket which corresponds with my wishes—it here follows at full length, and those who disapprove of it will publish a better:
 William Findley,  Frederick A. Muhlenberg,  Thomas Fitzsimons,  Daniel Heister,  William Bingham,  William M c Clay,  William Irvine, of Cumberland,  Thomas Hartley,  Peter Muhlenberg,  James Koff of Washington,  William Kittera,  Thomas Scott,  John Arnett. 
In the formation of this ticket mensuration has been out of the question, for I consider Pennsylvania as an unit in the federation; local representation may and ought to be preserved in our state government, but in the great scale it ought not to possess a line. In this selection I have been careful not to propose characters of an amphibious or doubtful nature: let the man who has braved the tempest and lent his aid in times of danger enjoy the fruits of his exertions, & the honours which he has toiled to establish, and let not a grateful country be unmindful of the patriot when reposing herself in the lap of peace.
MIRABEAU.
The printers in the state, as friends to the freedom of opinion, are requested to give the above a place in their papers.
PHILADELPHIA.
AUGUST 15, 1792.
LORD RODNEY.
So dissolute had been the private life of this old marine servant of Great Britain, who so successfully fought many of her naval battles, and so extremely attached had he been all his lifetime to gambling, that he died at last at an advanced age, with not property enough to redeem his lifeless corpse from the fangs of his creditors.—The following paragraphs on this subject occur in a late London paper.
"Many people affected by a Noble Lord's (Rodney) body being kept above ground by the sheriff's writ, exclaim against the cruelty of such a law; but, alas, say the prisoners in many of the gaols of England, let us only be free while we live, and you may arrest our bodies when dead, with all our hearts."
"The corpse of a peer may certainly be stopped by the laws of England for a debt. The body is no longer a peer—The son is the peer as soon as the father is dead, whether he be buried or not.—O, the pity of it, Immortal Rodney, O the pity of it!"
"A superb monument, it is reported, will be erected to the memory of the gallant Rodney, at the expence of the West-India merchants."
To demonstrate the superior excellence of Beecham's Washing-Mill to any other mode of washing cloaths, the following certified account of the operation of that machine is published in a London paper:
The following articles were completely washed between the hours of nine in the morning and nine at night, in a common mill of six guineas value; and in the operation consuming only nine pounds and an half of soap, and a pound of pearl ashes; they were all wrung at the same time in a common wringer, value one guinea.—350 shirts and shifts, each worn a week—64 aprons, ditto—40 gowns, ditto—10 frocks, ditto—2 long table-cloths, 48 sheets, worn a month—Caps and other small articles innumerable.
It may be necessary to remark, that to wash the same quantity by hand, always took seven women two days.
A second washing, on the 28th of March, was performed in twelve hours, with only nine pounds and an half of soap, and a pound of pearl ashes—400 shirts and shifts, worn a week—98 aprons, ditto—31 handkerchiefs—4 gowns—41 caps, and other pieces of small linen; 52 sheets, each worn one month.
Extract of a letter from Bermuda, July 28.
"The ship Sovereign, capt. Welch, which arrived at Barbadoes the 13th inst. from London, on her passage out spoke the Lord Camden East-Indianman, bound home with government dispatches from Lord Cornwallis, containing the particulars of the taking Seringapatam, after a severe conflict, but that Tippoo escaped. After the capture Tippoo entered into treaty with the combined powers in the most humiliating
manner, in which he gave up half his kingdom, was to pay three millions sterling in money, one half of which was to be immediately paid down in camp, and the other half in twelve months; his two eldest sons were given as hostages for the due performance of the treaty."
"Tuesday his Excellency the Governor issued his proclamation, allowing the importation of salt provisions, &c. in British or foreign bottoms, from any foreign ports, until the first day of November next, on account of the great scarcity of provisions in these islands."
"We learn from the West-Indies, that in consequence of the new regulations and restrictions likely to take place on their trade, by the impolitic interference of Parliament, many planters and merchants are selling off their estates and property, in order to move to other countries to settle."
The celebrated Warren Hastings' trial is said to be nearly at an end, and that he will come off with flying colours. The expence incurred by the solicitors on the occasion amounts to £.35,960 2 9 sterl.
Reports from the westward say, that the Indians were assembling to the number of four or five thousand, about the middle of July, at or near the Miami towns. It is added, that they appear inclined for war, and mean to strike some important blow towards or during autumn.
Patriotic collections are making in most of the towns through England and Ireland to assist the French in their war against the combination of tyrants.
At a meeting of the merchants of Fredericksburg and Falmouth, in Virginia, on the 14th of July, it was determined to purchase wheat hereafter by weight only, calculating the bushel at sixty pounds.
Markets at Lisbon are so glutted with wheat and other grain, and the crops of the country have been so abundant, that no encouragement offers for shipping grain to that quarter, for at least a twelve month to come.
The court of Britain is turning its serious attention to the settlement of Upper Canada. Their preparations for its defence seem somewhat extraordinary. Five hundred troops of Col. Simcoe's regiment are already arrived; and four battalions of 400 men each were daily expected, when this account came away. Artificers, emigrants, &c. are also continually coming over to settle in that province.
Since the enforcing the decree of the National Assembly, granting privileges to the Mulattoes of French Hispaniola, affairs put on a better aspect in that colony. Eight or nine refractory members of the Provincial Assembly have been taken up and sent to France; and the negroes begin to return to their duty.
Capt. Carey is arrived at Providence in 12 days from Leogane. He informs, that the decree of the National Assembly, respecting the People of Colour, has been generally ratified—that the emigrants were returning—and that the Negroes who had been in arms, were returning to the plantations. [Boston Cent.]
[The following is inserted verbatim from a Belfast newspaper]—"To the patriotic clubs and societies of Ireland: Brethren and countrymen—The stamp upon newspapers has too well answered the purpose for which it was designed. It has rendered them so dear as to put it out of the power of many of the lower classes of people to procure them—the consequence of which has been, a great defect in knowledge, and a total unacquaintance with the progress of society abroad, or even at home.—Though a Paine, a Mackintosh, a Christie, or a Northern Whig may have roused the people a little from their lethargy—yet, to my own knowledge, the very names of many excellent writers have not reached ten miles from Belfast, or perhaps from the capital—If therefore our patriotic societies and booksellers would engage such shopkeepers in the different towns and villages as with well to the prosperity of their country, to sell such publications, there would be a rapid increase of knowledge amongst the people."
[On the above a correspondent begs leave to remark, that in this country there seems to have been an inclination to pursue the same plan, not only with regard to newspapers, but to useful books imported, the tax on which is now seven and an half per cent. Were this laid only on such books as are re-printing in the United States, there could be no just cause of complaint; but considering how many thousands of useful books are wanting in our schools and academies, and by professional men (which are not re-printing and will not perhaps for twenty years to come, in this country) is it not an actual suppression of the circulation of knowledge to lay so enormous a tax on all imported books indiscriminately, not even excepting the bible. The booksellers here generally lay 130 per cent. on the sterling cost, or more, which raises some excellent school-books, &c. up to an untangible price for tradesmen or mechanics: for instance, Guthrie's Geography, which can be purchased in Europe for 6/6 comes at 18/9 currency, and so in proportion for other books. Twenty shillings is not an
unusual price to demand here for a book that can be purchased in Europe for 7/6.—Nor are the booksellers to be blamed for this; being obliged to lay a sufficient profit both on the prime cost and on the duties. Thus, learning will soon be rendered unattainable by any but the rich; a measure in its consequences wholly inconsistent with a free and equal government.]
/ By a courier arrived at Havre de Grace just as an American vessel was about to sail for New-York, and which had but 27 days passage, the intelligence was received that the army of M. de la Fayette had taken the citadel of Namur, after having cannonaded and bombarded it for 48 hours successively, with a formidable train of artillery, and then carried it by assault as soon as the breaches were sufficient to render it practicable. The French killed 3000 men, made 1500 prisoners, and only lost 500 men in the action. After the capture of the citadel, the French entered the town, where the inhabitants were dressed in the national cockade, and where the three coloured flag was unfurled, and ornamented by the cap of liberty. Detachments of M. de la Fayette's army surprised and took Mons and Charleroy, where they made 1750 prisoners. [Gen. Advertiser.]
Accounts from Charleston by the Schooner Eagle, Capt. Lloyd Jones, advise, that since the 20th of June the seasons have been favourable in the back country of South-Carolina and Georgia, and since the middle of July, in the low lands along the sea coast. A healthier season was never known in Carolina than the present. The rice swamps were promising an uncommonly abundant crop, and the Indian corn had only failed on high fancy situations. The indigo was much injured by the early droughts along the coast, but promised a plentiful produce in the upper country.
We learn from St. Christopher's that the planters there have peremptorily refused to pay the duty of 4 1-2 upon the exportation of sugars, and that suits had been brought in the common law court there, to discuss the propriety of that impost continuing to be levied.
Capt. Badden, of the sloop Fame, arrived here yesterday in 13 days from Bermuda, experienced a severe gale of wind on Sunday the 5th inst., during which five puncheons of rum were stowed in the hold.
A vessel arrived at Salem on the 6th of August, from Bilboa in Spain, which place she left the 8th of June. The Captain was informed, previous to his leaving Spain, that there were orders for raising 18,000 men in the northern parts of Spain, to be sent to Madrid, to overawe the people as was supposed, who began to talk and write too freely of the measures of government. The Queen's party is considered there (as was the case in France) as inimical to the interests of the people, in compliance with whose wishes and contrary to hers, the present ministry have been brought into office.
The ship Dauphin, Capt. Hopkins is arrived at Boston, in ten weeks from Peterburgh, in Russia. Information is received by this vessel, that the Russians are not raising any forces against the French—but they will not suffer a Frenchman to reside among them.
The celebrated Mr. Paine, it is said, has quitted England. Since which his third pamphlet has been suspended.
At a meeting of the President and Managers of the Schuylkill and Susquehannah navigation, August 13th, 1792.
It was resolved, That the work of the canal be immediately commenced on the Crown Level.
METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS.
   AUGUST, 1792.   D. H. Bar. Ther. Wind. Weather.     Wednesday, 8. 6 30. 0 74 C'S M Foggy   9 30. 1 90 S. W. Fair.   Thursday, 9. 6 30. 1 75 S. W. Fair.   9 30. 1 88 S. W. do.   Friday, 10. 6 30. 0 75 S. W. Fair.   9 29. 98 89 W. Cloudy.   Saturday, 11. 6 29. 9 76 S. W. Fair.   9 29. 85 91 W. do.   Sunday, 12. 6 29. 8 79 S. W. Fair.   9 29. 75 89 do. do.   Monday, 13. 6 29. 9 70 N. W. Fair.   9 30. 0 86 W. do.   Tuesday, 14. 6 29. 9 73 do. Cloudy.   9 29. 85 72 S. W. Rain.  
FOR SALE.
ABOUT 100,000 acres of Land, lying near Whitesboro, in the state of New-York, on the north side of the Mohawk river, adjoining Nobleborough, and will be sold either in parcels or together, as may suit the purchasers.
N. B. The above tract of land is of the first quality in the state, chiefly timbered with beech and maple, well watered, and contains many mill seats. The peculiar advantages of this tract, situated within a few miles of Whitesboro (which contains upwards of five thousand inhabitants) with an easy and convenient water carriage to Schenectady, Albany, and New-York, make it an object for any persons inclined to settle; and render it an extremely advantageous purchase for persons inclined to realize their money in land of an increasing value. The whole tract or any part of it, will be sold very low for cash, or for part cash, and the remaining payments at distant periods. Enquire at No. 229 Queen-street, near the Fly-market. July 19.

From the VIRGINIA GAZETTE.
It has been discovered by the aristocrats of England that the celebrated PAINE was once a Stay-Maker. This charge is made for the purpose of invalidating his doctrine of "The Rights of Man;" or, at least, to prove that he had no business to meddle with the subject.
The charge above mentioned is made in "the life of Paine," lately published in England. With all due deference to his biographer, however, I am inclined to believe that Paine, instead of a Stay-Maker, must have been a Barber.
But I am straying from my purpose; which was to remark upon the injustice and folly of objecting to any man the obscurity of his birth or education.
This weakness is so common that there are few eminent characters who have been exempt from it; who have dared to draw aside the veil which covered the secret of their birth; or are spoken of as persons of superior liberality and enlarged understandings.
I had almost forgot to inform you that in "The life of Paine" he is charged with not being worth a shilling in the world!—And yet—would you believe it?—His faithful and impartial biographer, a few pages afterwards, accuses him with the crime of NOT SUPPORTING HIS MOTHER!!
Thus we see that malicious persons, as well as liars, have need of good memories. PHILO-PAINE.
July 14, 1792. PARLIAMENTARY REFORM.
The urgent necessity for a Parliamentary Reform cannot be more forcibly illustrated, than by the following list of boroughs, where a majority of the electors are below twenty;
Table with 3 columns: Borough, Electors, Members chosen. Lists boroughs like Lestwithiel, Truro, Bodmin, Saltash, etc.
Here then we see that fifty-five members, about a ninth part of the English House of Commons, are sent by three hundred and sixty-four voters!—which number, according to that calculation which makes a just division for the freeholders of a respectable county (Oxfordshire for instance) ought not to be permitted to elect a single representative.
instance) ought not to be permitted to elect a single representative. How far these notorious abuses demand a substantial reform, we need not say. Facts speak for themselves.
[The following patriotic and grateful Proposal was some time since submitted to the public in one of the Boston Papers:]
"However formidable the Austrian troops, could they not be opposed by some among us? To the Tirolese Chasseurs oppose American riflemen, and would the contest be equal?
Two thousand of our hardy woodsmen would be a great acquisition to the French army, and a scourge to their enemies. Their usefulness once proved, the French might profit by their instructions.
Let a subscription be set on foot, an adequate sum would soon be raised to give sufficient encouragement to that number.
Upon which the American Mercury [printed at Hartford] thus remarks: "Is it possible that any man, in his sober senses, could have made so extravagant and ridiculous a proposition to the public.
A Mr. Kempeten, of Vienna, in Germany, has invented a machine, by which the human voice is perfectly imitated.
Several attempts to bring to perfection a machine of this kind have at different times been made by eminent European artists, with no inconsiderable degree of success.
At first view machines of this kind may be looked upon only in the light of curiosities, and merely as displaying ingenuity; but if brought to any considerable degree of perfection, they might be made to answer a very valuable purpose.
THE AMERICAN REMEMBRANCER, OR PROCEEDINGS OF THE Old Congress,
From their first Meeting in September 1774, to their final dissolution in March 1789,
COMPRISING at full length, every important resolution, order, address, declaration, &c. contained in the thirteen volumes of their journals—a concise summary of the less interesting parts...
State Papers,
from the Records and Files of Congress, CONTAINING (either verbatim, or in abstract, as the cases may severally require) such interesting pieces referred to in the journals, as may with propriety be permitted to be made public, viz. Letters from the different officers employed in the public service during the late war...
Secret Journals,
as no longer require secrecy. As soon as 500 copies are subscribed for, the work will be put to press, to be delivered to subscribers, in numbers of 304 octavo pages each, at ONE DOLLAR, in blue boards.
No. 26, Pear-Street, Philadelphia. JOHN CAREY.
TO THE PUBLIC.
THE Subscriber has it in contemplation soon to decline his present business—and having on hand a considerable quantity of superfine second and elastic cloths, together with a variety of other articles in his way, proposes to sell them at the following reduced prices, viz.
Table with 2 columns: Item, Price. Lists items like Best Superfine navy blue, Ditto. ditto. Scarlet, Common colours superfine, etc.
The above goods have been mostly imported from one of the first mercantile houses in London, and are of an equal quality to any imported into America; they will be sold per piece or smaller quantity as may best suit the purchasers, by the public's most humble servant, JOHN SHEPHERD.
Any person disposed to purchase the whole of the above stock, may also have on reasonable terms his present dwelling house together with the store, a more eligible situation for business in the tailor's line is not to be found in this city.
A lease of six years may be had of the house. May 14. 2aw.tf.
JUST PUBLISHED, And for sale by the Printer, JOHN M'CULLOCH, at No. 1. North Third-Street, and by most of the Booksellers in this city, (Price 3/9)
MODERN CHIVALRY: Containing the Adventures of Capt. John Farrago, and Teague O'Regan, his Servant.
VOLUME II. BY H. H. BRACKENRIDGE.
Quicquid agunt Homines, nostri, Farrago libelli. Juvenal.
George Town, June 2, 1792.
A NUMBER of LOTS in every situation which may be desired in the city of Washington, will be offered for sale, by the Commissioners on Monday the 8th day of October next.
Society for establishing useful Manufactures.
NOTICE is hereby given to the holders of stock in the said society, that the following arrangement has been made by the Deputy Governor and Directors thereof, by a resolution of the eighteenth day of May, 1792.
The second instalment for the payment of shares in the stock of this society, may be made in the following manner, viz.
The amount of the said second instalment, being 20 13-100 dollars each share, may be paid in three payments, on condition that the lawful interest of 7 per cent. per annum, be calculated and paid with each proportionate part of the said payment, that is to say, on or before the thirteenth day of August next, the sum of 6 71-100, with the addition of 12 cents, being the interest of one month on 20 13-100 dollars—on or before the 13th of September next, the sum of 6 71-100 dollars, with the addition of 8 cents, being the interest for one month on 13 42-100 dollars—and on or before the 13th of October next, the sum of 6 71-100 dollars, with the addition of 4 cents, being the interest on the same for one month.
The said payments are to be made at the following places, viz. In the city of Philadelphia, at the bank of the United States—at New-Brunswick, in New-Jersey, to John Bayard, or John Neilson, Esqrs.—and in the city of New-York, at the bank of New-York, or either of the said places, which may be most convenient to the stock holders.
By order of the direction, JAMES GRIFFITHS, Clerks. July 24.
PUBLIC REPORTS FROM THE EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENTS OF THE GOVERNMENT OF THE UNITED STATES TO CONGRESS,
Commencing with the present Government, and ending with the close of the Session of May 1792.
THIS work is intended to be printed in one volume octavo, estimated to contain between five and six hundred pages, and will be delivered to subscribers in boards at One Dollar and a half.
A complete collection of the Reports into a convenient and portable volume has been suggested to the publishers by several Members of Congress and other gentlemen, and they are now determined to proceed on with the work, provided a competent number of subscribers appear to patronize the undertaking.
Subscriptions are received by CHILDS and SWAIN, the publishers, No. 209, Market-Street, Philadelphia, and by the principal Booksellers in the United States. May 24.
NEW-YORK & PHILADELPHIA STAGES
Via Bordentown and Burlington, And SHREWSBURY & PHILADELPHIA STAGE, Via Bordentown.
THE proprietors of the New-York and Philadelphia land and water Stages beg leave to mention, that for the better accommodation of passengers, they have thought proper to remove the different packet boats from their former stand, at the Crooked Billet wharf, to the wharf or dock immediately next below Arch-Street, from whence, on the first day of July next, and afterwards, a convenient packet-boat will start for New-York, as usual, on every Sunday, Tuesday, Wednesday and Thursday, and return on every Tuesday, Thursday, Friday and Saturday.
VAN EMBURGH & M'KEAN, DAVID WILLIAMSON, Proprietors of the line of New-York and Philadelphia Stages, by the route of Bordentown.
JACOB MYERS, AMOS HUTCHIN, NICHOLAS SCHENK, Proprietors of the line of N. York and Philadelphia Stages, by the route of Burlington.
The Shrewsbury Stage will leave Philadelphia in the months of July and September, on every Sunday and Wednesday, and return on every Tuesday and Friday. In the month of August, it will leave Philadelphia on every Sunday and Thursday, and return on every Tuesday and Saturday.
VAN EMBURGH & M'KEAN, DANIEL LOT, Proprietors of the Shrewsbury and Philad. Stages, Bordentown, June 25, 1792.
For freight or passage apply to the masters on board, or to M'KEAN & VAN EMBURGH, at their store on said wharf, immediately next below Arch-Street; by whom orders for the purchase of all kinds of grain, flour, or other country produce, are punctually attended to.
For freight or passage to Lambert or Trenton, also apply as above. Philadelphia, June 27. 1aw.t
*** Three handsome Editions of the Laws of the United States for sale at this office (No. 209 Market Street) in folio and octavo, either full or half bound—N.B. The Laws of the last Session, in octavo only, may be had separate, price three eighths of a dollar.
*** For sale at this Office, Sermons by the Rev'd Dr. William Linn, of N. York Price 5/7 1-2.
PRINTED BY CHILDS AND SWAIN, AT THEIR OFFICE NO. 209, HIGH-STREET, NEAR FIFTH-STREET, PHILADELPHIA.