Gazette of the United-States. (New-York [N.Y.]), 1789-10-07 00:00:00

Gazette of the United States.
[No. LI.]
WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 7, 1789.
[Published on Wednesday and Saturday.]
By THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. A PROCLAMATION.
WHEREAS it is the duty of all nations to acknowledge the Providence for Almighty GOD, to obey his will, to be grateful to his benefits, and humbly to implore his protection and favor: And whereas both Houses of Congress have, by their joint committee, requested me "to recommend to the People of the United States, a Day of public Thanksgiving and Prayer, to be observed by acknowledging with grateful hearts the many and signal favors of Almighty GOD, especially by affording them an opportunity peaceably to establish a form of government for their safety and happiness."
NOW THEREFORE, I do recommend and assign Thursday the twenty-sixth day of November next, to be devoted by the people of these States, to the service of that great and glorious Being, who is the beneficent Author of all the good that was, that is, or that will be: That we may then all unite in rendering unto him our sincere and humble thanks for his kind care and protection of the people of this country previous to their becoming a nation;—for the signal and manifold mercies, and the favorable interpositions of his providence in the course and conclusion of the late war;—for the great degree of tranquility, union and plenty, which we have since enjoyed; for the peaceable and rational manner in which we have been enabled to establish Constitutions of Government for our safety and happiness, and particularly the national one now lately instituted; for the civil and religious Liberty with which we are blessed, and the means we have of acquiring and diffusing useful knowledge;—and in general, for all the great and various favors which he hath been pleased to confer upon us.
AND ALSO, That we may then unite in most humbly offering our prayers and supplications to the great Lord and Ruler of Nations, and beseech him to pardon our national and other transgressions;—to enable us all, whether in public or private stations, to perform our several and relative duties properly and punctually;—to render our national government a blessing to all the people, by constantly being a government of wise, just and constitutional laws, discreetly and faithfully executed and obeyed;—to protect and guide all sovereigns and nations, (especially such as have shown kindness unto us) and to bless them with good government, peace and concord;—to promote the knowledge and practice of true religion and virtue, and the encrease of science among them and us;—and generally, to grant unto all mankind such a degree of temporal prosperity as he alone knows to be best.
GIVEN under my Hand, at the city of New-York, the third day of October, in the Year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and eighty-nine.
G. WASHINGTON.
By THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. A PROCLAMATION.
WHEREAS by virtue of powers given by the United States in Congress assembled, to ARTHUR ST. CLAIR, Governor of the territory north-west of the Ohio, and Commissioner Plenipotentiary for treating with the Indian nations in the northern department, a Treaty was concluded at Fort-Harmar, on the ninth day of January last past, by the said ARTHUR ST. CLAIR, on the part of the United States, with the Sachems, Chiefs and Warriors of the Wyandot, Delaware, Ottawa, Chippawa, Pattawatima and Sac Nations.
And whereas I have, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, in due form ratified the said Treaty.—NOW Therefore, to the end that the same may be observed and performed with good faith on the part of the United States, I have ordered the said Treaty to be herewith published; and I do hereby enjoin and require all Officers of the United States, civil and military, and all other citizens and inhabitants thereof, faithfully to observe and fulfil the same.
GIVEN under my Hand in the city of New-York, this twenty-ninth day of September, in the Year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and eighty-nine, and in the thirteenth year of the Sovereignty and Independence of the United States.
G. WASHINGTON.
By command of the President of the United States of America,
H. KNOX,
Secretary for the Department of War.
GEORGE WASHINGTON, President of the United States of America.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, GREETING:
WHEREAS a Treaty between the UNITED STATES and the WYANDOT, DELAWARE, OTTAWA, CHIPPEWA, PATTAWATIMA and SAC Nations of INDIANS, was in due form made and concluded at Fort-Harmar, on the ninth day of January last past, by ARTHUR ST. CLAIR, Governor of the territory north-west of the Ohio; who was duly authorized thereto by the said States on their part, and by the Sachems and Warriors of the said Nations on their part: Which Treaty is in the form and words following, viz.
ARTICLES of a Treaty made at Fort-Harmar, between Arthur St. Clair, Governor of the Territory of the United States north-west of the river Ohio, and Commissioner Plenipotentiary of the United States of America; for removing all causes of controversy, regulating trade, and settling boundaries, with the Indian nations in the northern department, of the one part; and the Sachems and Warriors of the Wyandot, Delaware, Ottawa, Chippawa, Pattawatima and Sac Nations, on the other part.
Article I. WHEREAS the United States in Congress assembled, did by their Commissioners George Rogers Clark, Richard Butler, and Arthur Lee, Esquires, duly appointed for that purpose; at a Treaty holden with the Wyandot, Delaware, Ottawa and Chippewa Nations, at Fort-M'Intosh, on the twenty-first day of January, in the year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and eighty-five, conclude a peace with the Wyandots, Delawares, Ottawas and Chippewas, and take them into their friendship and protection: And whereas at the said Treaty it was stipulated that all prisoners that had been made by their nations, or either of them, should be delivered up to the United States: And whereas the said Nations, have now agreed to and with the aforesaid Arthur St. Clair, to renew and confirm all the engagements they had made with the United States of America, at the before mentioned treaty, except so far as are altered by these presents. And there are now in the possession of some individuals of these Nations, certain prisoners, who have been taken by others not in peace with the said United States, or in violation of the treaties subsisting between the United States and them; the said nations agree to deliver up all the prisoners now in their hands (by what means soever they may have come into their possession) to the said Governor St. Clair, at Fort-Harmar, or in his absence to the officer commanding there, as soon as conveniently may be; and for the true performance of this agreement they do now agree to deliver into his hands two persons of the Wyandot Nation, to be retained in the hands of the United States as hostages until the said prisoners are restored; after which they shall be sent back to their Nation.
Article II. And whereas at the before mentioned treaty it was agreed between the United States and said Nations, that a boundary line should be fixed between the lands of those Nations and the territory of the United States; which boundary is as follows, viz.—Beginning at the mouth of Cuyahoga river, and running thence up the said river to the portage between that and the Tuscarawa branch of Muskingum, then down the said branch to the forks at the crossing-place above Fort-Lawrence, thence westerly to the portage on that branch of the big Miami river which runs into the Ohio, (at the mouth of which branch the
fort stood which was taken by the French in the year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and fifty-two,) then along the said portage to the Great Miami or Omie river, and down the south-east side of the same to its mouth; thence along the southern shore of Lake Erie to the mouth of Cuyahoga, where it began. And the said Wyandot, Delaware, Ottawa and Chippewa Nations, for and in consideration of the peace then granted to them by the said United States, and the presents they then received, as well as of a quantity of goods to the value of six thousand dollars, now delivered unto them by the said Arthur St. Clair, (the receipt whereof they do hereby acknowledge) do by these presents renew and confirm the said boundary line; to the end that the same may remain as a division line between the lands of the United States of America, and the lands of said Nations, for ever. And the undersigned Indians do hereby in their own names, and the names of their respective Nations and Tribes, their heirs and descendants, for the consideration above mentioned, release, quit-claim, relinquish and cede to the said United States, all the land east, south and west of the lines above described, so far as the said Indians formerly claimed the same; for them the said United States to have and to hold the same in true and absolute propriety for ever.
Article III. The United States of America do by these presents relinquish and quit claim to the said Nations respectively, all the lands lying between the limits above described, for them the said Indians to live and hunt upon, and otherwise to occupy as they shall see fit: But the said Nations, or either of them, shall not be at liberty to sell or dispose of the same, or any part thereof, to any sovereign power except the United States; nor to the subjects or citizens of any other sovereign power, nor to the subjects or citizens of the United States.
Article IV. It is agreed between the said United States and the said Nations, that the individuals of the said Nations shall be at liberty to hunt within the territory ceded to the United States, without hindrance or molestation, so long as they demean themselves peaceably and offer no injury or annoyance to any of the subjects or citizens of the said United States.
Article V. It is agreed that if any Indian or Indians of the Nations before mentioned, shall commit a murder or robbery on any of the citizens of the United States, the Nation or tribe to which the offender belongs, on complaint being made, shall deliver up the person or persons complained of, at the nearest post of the United States; to the end that he or they may be tried, and if found guilty, punished according to the laws established in the territory of the United States north-west of the river Ohio, for the punishment of such offences, if the same shall have been committed within the said territory; or according to the laws of the State where the offence may have been committed, if the same has happened in any of the United States. In like manner if any subject or citizen of the United States shall commit murder or robbery on any Indian or Indians of the said Nations, upon complaint being made thereof, he or they shall be arrested, tried and punished agreeable to the laws of the State or of the territory wherein the offence was committed; that nothing may interrupt the peace and harmony now established between the United States and said Nations.
Article VI. And whereas the practice of stealing horses has prevailed very much, to the great disquiet of the citizens of the United States, and if persisted in can not fail to involve both the United States of America and the Indians in endless animosity, it is agreed that it shall be put an entire stop to on both sides; nevertheless, should some individuals in defiance of this agreement, and of the laws provided against such offences, continue to make depredations of that nature, the person convicted thereof shall be punished with the utmost severity the laws of the respective States, or territory of the United States north-west of the Ohio, where the offence may have been committed will admit of: And all horses so stolen, either by the Indians from the citizens or subjects of the United States, or by the citizens or subjects of the United States from any of the Indian Nations, may be reclaimed, into whose possession soever they may have passed, and upon due proof shall be restored; any sales in Market Ouvert, notwithstanding. And the civil magistrates in the United States respectively, and in the territory of the United States north-west of the Ohio, shall give all necessary aid and protection to Indians claiming such stolen horses.
Article VII. Trade shall be opened with the said Nations, and they do hereby respectively engage to afford protection to the persons and

property of such as may be duly licensed to reside among them for the purposes of trade, and to their agents, factors and servants; but no person shall be permitted to reside at their towns or at their hunting camps, as a trader, who is not furnished with a license for that purpose, under the hand and seal of the Governor of the territory of the United States north-west of the Ohio, for the time being, or under the hand and seal of one of his deputies for the management of Indian Affairs; to the end that they may not be imposed upon in their traffic. And if any person or persons shall intrude themselves without such licence, they promise to apprehend him or them, and to bring them to the said Governor, or one of his deputies, for the purpose before mentioned, to be dealt with according to law: And that they may be defended against persons who might attempt to forge such licences, they further engage to give information to the said Governor, or one of his deputies, of the names of all traders residing among them from time to time, and at least once in every year.
Article VIII. Should any Nation of Indians meditate a war against the United States, or either of them, and the same shall come to the knowledge of the before mentioned Nations, or either of them, they do hereby engage to give immediate notice thereof to the Governor, or in his absence to the officer commanding the troops of the United States at the nearest post. And should any nation with hostile intentions against the United States, or either of them, attempt to pass through their country, they will endeavor to prevent the same, and in like manner give information of such attempt to the said Governor or commanding officer, as soon as possible, that all causes of mistrust and suspicion may be avoided between them and the United States: In like manner the United States shall give notice to the said Indian Nations, of any harm that may be meditated against them, or either of them, that shall come to their knowledge; and do all in their power to hinder and prevent the same, that the friendship between them may be uninterrupted.
Article IX. If any person or persons, citizens or subjects of the United States, or any other person not being an Indian, shall presume to settle upon the lands confirmed to the said Nations, he and they shall be out of the protection of the United States; and the said Nations may punish him or them in such manner as they see fit.
Article X. The United States renew the reservations heretofore made in the before mentioned Treaty at Fort M c Intosh, for the establishment of trading posts in manner and form following, That is to say, six miles square at the mouth of the Miami or Omie-river—six miles square at the portage upon the branch of the Miami which runs into the Ohio—six miles square upon the Lake Sandusky where the fort formerly stood—and two miles square upon each side the lower rapids on Sandusky-river: Which posts, and the lands annexed to them, shall be for the use and under the government of the United States.
Article XI. The Post at Detroit, with a district of land beginning at the mouth of the river Rosine, at the west end of Lake Erie, and running up the southern bank of said river six miles; thence northerly, and always six miles west of the strait, until it strikes the Lake St. Clair, shall be reserved for the Use of the United States.
Article XII. In like manner the post at Michelimackinac, with its dependencies, and twelve miles square about the same, shall be reserved to the sole use of the United States.
Article XIII. The United States of America do hereby renew and confirm the peace and friendship entered into with the said nations at the treaty before mentioned, held at Fort M c Intosh; and the said Nations again acknowledge themselves, and all their Tribes, to be under the protection of the said United States, and no other power whatever.
Article XIV. The United States of America do also receive into their friendship and protection, the Nations of the Pattiwatimas and Sacs; and do hereby establish a league of peace and amity between them respectively; and all the articles of this Treaty, so far as they apply to these Nations, are to be considered as made and concluded in all, and every part expressly with them and each of them.
Article XV. And whereas in describing the boundary before mentioned, the words, if strictly construed, would carry it from the portage on that branch of the Miami, which runs into the Ohio, over to the River Au Glaize; which was neither the intention of the Indians, nor of the Commissioners; it is hereby declared, that the line shall run from the said portage directly to the first fork of the Miami-river, which is to the southward and eastward of the Miami village, thence down the main branch of the Miami-river to the said village, and thence down that river to Lake Erie, and along the margin of the lake to the place of beginning.
DONE at Fort-Harmar, on the Muskingum, this Ninth Day of January, in the Year of our Lord One Thousand Seven Hundred and Eighty-nine. In Witness whereof the Parties have hereunto interchangeably set their Hands and Seals.
ARTHUR ST. CLAIR. (L.S.)
 PATTIWATIMA, } (L.S.)  KONATIKINA, }  Sacs. { TEPAKEE, (L.S.)  { KESHEYIVA, (L.S.)  Chippewas. { MESASS, (L.S.)  { PAUSHQUASH, (L.S.)  { PAWASICKO, (L.S.)  Ottawas. { WEWISKIA, (L.S.)  { NEAGEY, (L.S.)  Pattiwatimas. { WINDIGO, (L.S.)  { WAPASKEA, (L.S.)  { NEQUEA, (L.S.)  Delawares. { CAPTAIN PIPE, (L.S.)  { WINGENOND, (L.S.)  { PEKELAN, (L.S.)  { TEATAWAY, (L.S.)  Chippewas. { NANAMAKEAK, (L.S.)  { WETENASA, (L.S.)  { SOSKENE, (L.S.)  { PEWANAKUM, (L.S.)  Wyandots. { TEYANDAT 'ON 'TEC, (L.S.)  { CHEYAWTE, (L.S.)  { DOUEYENTEA, (L.S.)  { TARHE, (L.S.)  { TERHATAW, (L.S.)  { DATASAY, (L.S.)  { MAUDORONK, (L.S.)  { SKAHOMAT, (L.S.) 
In presence of JOS. HARMAR, Lt. Col. Com. 1st United States Regiment, and Brig. Gen. by Brevet. RICHARD BUTLER. JOHN GIBSON, WILLIAM MCCURDY, Capt. E. DENNY, Ensign 1st United States Regiment. A. HARTSHORN, Ensign. ROBERT THOMPSON, Ensign 1st U. S. Regt. FRANCIS LUSE, Ensign. J. WILLIAMS, Jun. WILLIAM WILSON, JOSEPH NICHOLAS, JAMES RINKEN.
Be it remembered, That the Wyandots have laid claim to the lands that were granted to the Shawanese, at the Treaty held at the Miami, and have declared, that as the Shawanese have been so restless, and caused so much trouble both to them and to the United States, if they will not now be at Peace, they will dispossess them, and take the Country into their own hands; for that the Country is theirs of Right, and the Shawanese are only living upon it by their permission. They further lay claim to all the Country West of the Miami Boundary, from the Village to the Lake Erie, and declare that it is now under their Management and Direction.
SEPARATE ARTICLE.
Whereas the Wyandots have represented, that within the reservation from the River Rosine along the Strait, they have two villages from which they cannot with any convenience remove; it is agreed, that they shall remain in the possession of the same, and shall not be in any manner disturbed therein.
NOW KNOW YE, That I having seen and considered the said Treaty, do, by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate, accept, ratify, and confirm the same, and every Article and Clause thereof. IN TESTIMONY whereof, I have caused the Seal of the United States to be hereunto affixed, and signed the same with my Hand.
GIVEN at the City of New-York, the Twenty-ninth Day of September, in the Year of our LORD One Thousand Seven Hundred and Eighty-nine, and in the Thirteenth Year of the Sovereignty and Independence of the United States.
SEAL of the UNITED STATES.
G. WASHINGTON.
By Command of The President of the United States of America, H. KNOX, Secretary for the Department of War.
EUROPEAN ACCOUNTS, BY THE LAST ARRIVALS.
LONDON, JULY 30. AFRICAN GENIUS.
The African Prince now at Brighelmstone, has a son ten years old, possessed of amazing musical talents.
This extraordinary genius has been presented to the Prince of Wales, who intends to recommend him to the professional concert, as an acceptable novelty to the admirers and lovers of music.
He plays with exquisite masterhip on the violin. The grandfather of this extraordinary youth was committed to the care of a Dutch Captain, with diamonds to a great amount, and gold dust, to be carried to Europe and educated.
After experiencing much barbarous treatment from the avaricious Hollander, the unfortunate Prince was sold, as a slave, to a Jamaica planter.
The unhappy man met, however, with a kind master to alleviate his misfortunes, and married an African woman, by whom he had the father of this admirable boy.
At the grandfather's demise, the father was still higher in his master's favor, at whose expence he was instructed in several languages.
At the age of fifteen, he was permitted to take
a voyage to Africa, with proper testimonials of his birth; but by a singular fatality was shipwrecked, and lost his documents.
Being conversant in several languages, he gained a subsistence by acting as interpreter to various foreign Potentates in Europe.
In this situation he lived till the year 1778.
When he was on the confines of Poland he won the heart of a Polish Count's daughter, who was charmed with the "hair-breadth escapes," and adventures of this second Othello.
The Count gave him his daughter, who is the mother of our musical hero.
The father discovering in the child a very early attachment to music, placed him under the celebrated Haydn in Germany, from whom he received his musical education. From such culture, we may reasonably presage perfection.
AUGUST 5.
Extract of a letter from Litchfield, Aug. 1. "This gay city presents very little worth notice, except a wonderful pile of building called a cathedral. This cathedral is undergoing a very necessary but expensive repair, directed by that great artist, Wyatt. Had he never done any work before to render his name conspicuous as an architect, the taste and genius displayed in the alteration and modernization of the choir is sufficient to transmit his name to posterity with adoration. A subscription is set on foot here for erecting a monument near the south door, to that Colossus of literature, the late Dr. Johnson, who was a native of this place. A similar compliment has been mentioned to the memory of our departed Roscius, but it seems to be the natural expectation of the inhabitants, that a certain lady in the neighbourhood of Hampton, in Middlesex, should accomplish this long looked for mark of respect to Shakespeare's best commentator."
Extract of a letter from Tangiers, June 1. "The Emperor Morocco's troops have gained a great victory over the Arabs, in the province of Teisna, and 600 of their heads have been sent to Algiers. This victory was proclaimed there by repeated discharges of cannon."
To the account of the battle between the Russians and Swedes at Undermalm, we have to add these farther particulars. At the departure of the Courier which carried the news of the King's victory, the King was on his route to Wilmanstrand, the place where the Russians keep their principal magazines, and which commands an entrance into their country. In the mean time, General Siegroth advanced with another corps towards Fredericksham to block up that place by land, while General Kaulbars, with a third detachment went up the river Kymene; and Count Ekrenward was ordered to land from his fleet, a body of 5000 men, between Fredericksham and Hogforb, to attack the Russian army, near the first mentioned place. From these different arrangements, this campaign promises to be as bloody and decisive as the last was peaceable.
AUGUST 8.
The following is reported to be the circumstance to which the Duke of Dorset alludes, in the second paragraph of his letter to the Count de Montmorin:—The nobility of Brittany have never sent deputies to the National Assembly, but perceiving the troubles which were brewing, and foreseeing the consequences which have resulted, they resolved to seize an opportunity of shaking off their allegiance to France, and rendering their Province more independent than it had hitherto been.
For that purpose, rumour says, they made a proposal to the English Ambassador, of putting themselves under the protection of Great-Britain, as a tributary state, to be governed by the old feudal system; and offered to place the port of Brest in the hands of the English, as a recompence for their services, and a surety of allegiance. In order to accomplish their design, the Duke of Dorset was to procure from his Court a fleet in readiness to protect the Province, and an army to assist them in their endeavours to carry the attempt into execution.
Extract from the JOURNAL of the NATIONAL ASSEMBLY of FRANCE.
July 29.
A report was made in the Assembly, that the Parliament of Besancon had sent a deputation to Vezoul, to act with the Judge Royal in enquiring into the late horrid massacre, but that the people had risen upon them and obliged them to return; that, in consequence, the Parliament had issued an arrest, renouncing their jurisdiction, and had submitted the affair entirely to the consideration of the National Assembly.
July 31.
The following motion made by Count Lally, in the National Assembly, the 24th of July last, and carried at one o'clock (after midnight) must give a very favorable opinion of the head and heart of that young Nobleman, who makes so distinguished a figure among the patriots of France.
The motion was as follows:— "The National Assembly, considering, that from the first moment of its formation, it has not adopted any resolution, that ought not to procure it the confidence of the people. "That it has already established those prin-

NEW-YORK, OCTOBER 7.
ERRATA.
In the PROCLAMATION, first column of this paper, there are Two Errors of the Press, which the reader is desired to correct, viz. 2d line, read "Providence of"—3d line, read "grateful for."
We hear that JONATHAN BURRALL, Esq. is appointed assistant Post-Master-General—and SEBASTIAN BAUMAN, Esq. Post-Master for this city.
Wise Legislators in all ages of the world, have intimately associated the principles of virtue with the principles of government, and whether it is an effect, flowing from its proper cause—or whether it is to be attributed to the special favor of the Deity, experience demonstrates, that public virtue, and public happiness, have always been found to flourish together: There is no security for the general tranquility—for a steady and uniform obedience to the laws, on the part of the people, or for the fidelity and honor of those who administer the government, like a principle of reverence for the Deity: How highly favored then is our country, at the present auspicious period, in having those to govern, who recommend by precept and Example, a devout acknowledgement of our dependence upon the Creator and Lord of all, for every private, social, and public blessing!
Look to the European world, there meagre famine stalks thro' the land, while civil discord follows close in the rear—the Dogs of War spread havoc wide, in other ill fated realms, to sate the lust of ambition, and give a false lustre to the Diadem of despotism—The wretched peasantry are dragged from their peaceful abodes, and have their mangled cores strewed o'er the extended field of battle, or piled like rubbish in the yawning ditch—the fields disrobed of their verdure lie uncultivated and barren, while universal ruin forms one horrid scene: There the revolutions in government produce proscriptions and massacres, while the cause of Freedom hangs suspended on the vibration of opinion.—Contrast the above with the situation of the United States, and say if we have not reason to admire and adore—Peace and plenty crown our toils—an exuberance of the rich gifts of Providence is ours—Freedom pervades our country, and laws and government give the rich blessing of permanency and security—we have found the art of making revolutions without confusion, and of establishing the rights of humanity without disturbing the public tranquility—Happy America—May'st thou still be wise to discern the things that belong to thy peace—and be grateful to the giver of every good gift.
Tho' under a despotic and arbitrary government informers may be odious, as they are generally actuated by the most mercenary motives—yet under a free government, the support of which depends upon the Revenue, every good and honest man will think it HONORABLE and PRAISE WORTHY to detect those frauds and impositions, which have eventually, no tendency to lessen public burdens, but to encrease their weight and pressure on the fair and upright trader: Philadelphia has set a laudable example in this respect, for guarding the conscientious and strictly honest dealer from the effects of those shameful evasions of the laws which the unprincipled practice, is protecting those who prop the government.
Every government depends on its own inherent energy for its efficacy and respectability: It will be a long time before many of mankind will think that they cannot promote their own interest by violating the laws.
EXTRACT.
Should it ever come to pass that corruption, like a dark and low hung mist, should spread from man to man, and cover these lands—Should a general dissolution of manners prevail—Should vice be countenanced, and communicated by the leaders of fashion—Should it come to be propagated by ministers among legislators, and by the legislators among their constituents—Should guilt lift up its head without fear of reproach, and avow itself in the face of the sun, and laugh virtue out of countenance by force of numbers—Should public duty turn public strumpet—Should shops come to be advertised, where men may dispose of their honor and honesty at so much pr. ell—Should public markets be opened for the purchase of consciences, with an O yes! we bid most to those who set themselves, their trusts, and their country to sale! If such a day, I say, should ever arrive, it will be Dooms-day, indeed, to the virtue, the liberties, and the Constitution of these States. It would be the same to AMERICA as it would happen to the Universe should the laws of co-hesion cease to operate, and all the parts be dissipated, whose orderly connection now forms the beauty and COMMONWEALTH OF NATURE: Want of goodness in the materials can never be supplied by any art in the building: A constitution of PUBLIC FREEMEN can never consist of PRIVATE TOOLS OF PROSTITUTION.
There appears in the publications from France, a spirit of originality, pathos and vivacity, which strongly indicates the conscious state of freedom to which the people of that country find themselves exalted.—Under all the disadvantages that their men of genius have had to encounter, still their performances, on almost every subject, have carried the palm, even among their proud neighbors the British, whose presses have long groaned with French translations: and there is no doubt but that mankind will be taught something new by this enlightened nation, on the subjects of liberty and the rights of man.
"Col. Henry Sherburne, of Newport, lately manumitted a prime slave, of about 33 years of age. Such acts of humanity (many of which have taken place) by the late American army, give fresh verdure to their laurels acquired in the field, and furnish the surest pledges to their country for the future conduct of the Cincinnati."
DESCRIPTION OF THE BASTILE.
The following Description of the Bastille Prison , in France (which has lately been destroyed by the populace) is extracted from the philanthropic Mr. HOWARD's State of Foreign Prisons.
I AM happy (says Mr. Howard) to be able to give some information of the Bastille, by means of a pamphlet written by a person who was long confined in this prison. It is reckoned the best account of this celebrated structure ever published.
This castle is a state prison, consisting of eight very strong towers, surrounded with a fosse about 120 feet wide, and a wall 60 feet high. The entrance is at the end of the street of St. Antoine, by a drawbridge, and great gates into the court of l' Hotel du Gouvernement; and from thence over another drawbridge to the Corps de Garde, which is separated by a strong barrier, constructed with beams plated with iron, from the great Court. This court is about 120 feet by 80. In it is a fountain, and six of the towers surround it, which are united by walls of freestone ten feet thick up to the top. At the bottom of this court is a large modern Corps de Logis, which separates it from the Court du Puits. This court is 50 feet by 25. Contiguous to it are the other two towers. On the top of the towers is a platform continued in terraces, on which the prisoners are sometimes permitted to walk, attended by a guard. On this platform are thirteen cannons mounted, which are discharged on days of rejoicing. In the Corps de Logis is the council chamber, and the kitchen, offices, &c.—above these are rooms for the prisoners of distinction; and over the council chamber the King's Lieutenant resides. In the Court du Puits is a large well for the use of the kitchen.
The Dungeons of the tower de la Liberte extend under the kitchen, &c. Near that tower is a small chapel on the ground floor. In the wall of it are five niches, or closets, in which prisoners are put, one by one, to hear mass, where they can neither see nor be seen.
The dungeons at the bottom of the towers exhale the most offensive scents, and are the receptacles of toads, rats, and other kinds of vermin. In the corner of each is a camp bed, made of planks laid on iron bars that are fixed to the walls, and the prisoners are allowed some straw to lay on the beds. Those dens are dark, having no windows, but openings into the ditch: they have double doors, the inner ones plated with iron, with large bolts and locks.
Of the five classes of chambers, the most horrid, next to the dungeon, are those in which are cages of iron. There are three of them. They are formed of beams with strong plates of iron, and are each eight feet by six.
The calottes, or chambers, at the top of the towers, are somewhat more tolerable. They are formed of eight arcades of free-stones. Here one can not walk but in the middle of the room. There is hardly sufficient space for a bed from one arcade to another. The windows, being in walls ten feet thick, and having iron grates within and without, admit but little light. In these rooms, the heat is excessive in summer, and the cold in winter. They have stoves.
Almost all the other rooms (of the towers) are octagons, about 20 feet in diameter, and 14 to 15 high. They are very cold and damp. Each is furnished with a bed of green serge, &c. All the chambers are numbered. The prisoners are called by the name of their tower joined to the number of their room.
A surgeon and three chaplains reside in the castle. If prisoners of note are dangerously ill, they are generally removed, that they may not die in this prison. The prisoners who die there are buried in the parish of St. Paul, under the name of domestics.
A library was founded by a prisoner, who was a foreigner, and died in the Bastille the beginning of the present century. Some prisoners obtain permission to make the use of it.
One of the centinels on the inside of the castle rings a bell every hour, day and night, to give notice that they are awake; and on the rounds on the outside of the castle they ring every quarter of an hour.
I have (say Mr. Howard) inserted so particular an account of this prison, chiefly with the design of inculcating a reverence for the principles of a free constitution like our own, which will not permit in any degree the exercise of that despotism, which has rendered the name of Bastille so formidable. I was desirous of examining it myself; and for that purpose knocked hard at the outer gate, and immediately went forward through the guard to the drawbridge before the entrance of the castle; but while I was contemplating this gloomy mansion, an officer came out much surprized; and I was forced to retreat through the mute guard, and thus obtained that freedom, which for one locked up within those walls, it is next to impossible to obtain.
NEW-YORK, OCTOBER 7, 1789.
The Stage House for the Boston and Albany Stages is now at Mr. Isaac Norton's, No. 160, Queen Street—where passengers, and others, who may have business with the proprietors, will please to apply, and where the names and address of persons are received, and tickets delivered for seats.
ciples, which ought to be the basis, on which the liberty and happiness of the public must be raised. "That the King has acquired greater rights than ever to the confidence of his faithful subjects. "That not only he has himself invited them to claim their liberty and their rights, but has also, to gratify the wishes of this Assembly, removed all grounds for distrust, that might alarm the people— "That he sent back from the capital, the troops, whose presence had spread a terror through it— "That he sent back from his presence the Ministers and advisers, who had occasioned so much inquietude to the nation at large— "That he has recalled those, whose return was wished for by his people— "That he came into this Assembly like a father among his children, and called upon it to assist him in saving the State— "That led by the same sentiment, he went to his capital, and mixed with his people, to remove, by his presence, the grounds of fear, which they might have entertained— "That in this perfect harmony and understanding between the head of the Nation and its representatives, after the happy union of the three orders, the attention of this Assembly is directed, and will continue to be directed to the great object of a National Constitution— "That any distrust, which should interrupt or disturb the harmony, that at present so happily reigns between all the orders and their head, would impede the progress of this great work, defeat the patriotic intentions of the King, and give a fatal blow to the general interest of the Nation at large, as well as to the particular interest of every individual, of whom it is composed. "That there is not a member of the community who ought not to shudder at the bare idea of the confusion that would ensue.—The dispersion of families—the interruption and suspension of trade—the poor deprived of relief—all labor at a stand—and the general subversion of all order and government, would be the fatal but inevitable consequences of such a distrust. "The National Assembly taking all these circumstances into its most serious consideration, holds out to the whole Nation an invitation to peace and harmony, to the maintenance of order and good government. It invites those who glory in the name of Frenchmen, to cherish that confidence which they ought to place in their King and their Representatives, and to shew that respect for the laws, without which there can be no true liberty. "It declares, at the same time, that those who, invested with power have been, or by their crimes may be the cause of public calamities, ought to be accused, convicted, and punished; but that it is only by law that they should be tried and punished, and that the law should protect their persons, until it has pronounced their judgment. "That the prosecution of crimes against the Nation, belongs to the Nation's Representatives. "And that this Assembly, in framing the Constitution which now occupies its attention, will take care to provide a proper tribunal, for the trial of persons accused of crimes of this nature; and to point out the manner in which such prosecutions shall be conducted, laying it down as a principle, that publicity shall be inseparably annexed to all such trials." The sentiments and opinions contained in this resolution or address to the nation, are not those of a mad reformer, more intent upon pulling down than building up—They are worthy of a Philosopher and a Legislator, who knows that where there is no Law, there can be no government—that innocence itself may be termed guilty by a mad populace, too much heated to be capable of discerning between the one and the other, or at least of giving that calm and patient hearing which JUSTICE calls for, and the Law enjoins. This resolution, if it was the only one praiseworthy in the political career of COUNT LALLY, would, even singly, be an eternal monument to his honor.
   PRICE CURRENT.—NEW-YORK.     Jamaica Spirits, 5/3.   Antigua Rum, 4/9.   St. Croix, do. 4/6.   Country, do. 2/10.   Molasses, 2/2. a 2/1.   Brandy, 5/9.   Geneva, 5/3.   Do. in cases, 28/.   Muscovado Sugar, 78/. a 72/.   Loaf, do. 1/3.   Lump, do. 1/13.   Pepper, 3/.   Pimento, 2/2. a 2/.   Coffee, 1/8. a 1/9.   Indigo, (Carolina) 4/. a 6/.   Rice, 24/. a 23/.   Superfine Flour, 48/.   Common do. 43/. a 45/.   Rye do. 26/. a 27/.   Indian Meal, 18/.   Rye, 49/. pr. bu/h.   Corn, (Southern) 4/.   Do. (Northern) 4/3. a 4/6.   Beef, first quality, 48/. a 50/.   — Second quality, 45/.   Pork, first quality, 81/.   — Second quality, 76/.   Carolina Tobacco, 32 1/2. a 5d.   Virginia 4d. a 5d.  

THE TABLET.—No. LI.
To the AUTHOR of the TABLET, SIR.
If the enclosed observations are not novel, they are at least founded on experience:—If you think they may be useful, allow them a place in your miscellany, and oblige C.
“Useful and important acquisitions in learning are more to be prized, than those that are specious, and may never turn to any solid account.”
ALTHO an easy elocution, and graceful manner of speaking are acquirements of acknowledged utility, yet improvements in oratory do not appear to have kept pace with many other branches of the belle lettres. Some have supposed that there are certain obstacles in the way, which will forever prevent the moderns from rivalling or even equalling the ancients in this particular attainment. It is said, that the refinements of civilization counteract, and check those animated exertions of the human faculties, from which the impressive eloquence of the ancients derives its superior reputation. However true this may be, it must be allowed that no one accomplishment is more admired, or is found of greater advantage to the possessor, even in modern times, than an easy, graceful mode of speaking: And it is presumed the observation is founded on experience, that in all free governments the persuasive powers of eloquence are paramount to every difficulty in the road to fame and fortune. America furnishes many striking examples in point. In Britain they are numberless: Her PULTENEYS, her PITTS, her BURKES, have not only astonished the world by the thunders of their declamations; but have roused the sleeping genius of their country and turned the crisis of its fate, when on the verge of destruction. Honours and emoluments have rewarded their eloquence and patriotism.
The old observation, that “Poets are born, but orators are made,” is so far just, that every man may be encouraged to exertion, from a confidence that he will be rewarded, at least so far, as amply to recompence his labor. Perhaps it is hardly ever too late to aim at some improvement. Within a few years public speaking has become an object of attention in schools, academies, and colleges. It is a question of some importance, how far the present practice of attempting to teach young children oratory, will conduce eventually to encreasing the number of good public speakers? It must be acknowledged that there are not a great many able instructors in this branch of learning; and for children to commence upon bad or indifferent models, is worse than having none. Nature is spoiled under such tuition. An indiscriminate and injudicious assignment of the parts to be performed, which is always the case when the pupils are too young to feel the sentiment, is productive of the worst consequences: Grimace and mimickry must be substituted; the child acquires a disgusting confidence, to the destruction of that modesty which is the best medium of true wisdom to the mind. I have seen children assume a dauntless front in speaking before a numerous audience, while they were deficient in every article of solid and useful improvement. I have known others caressed and applauded at seven or eight years of age, who when they became men, entirely disappointed every pleasing anticipation that their parents had formed. The reason is obvious. Children have memories which receive, and retain for a time, the slightest impressions—they are as imitative as monkeys: Injudicious applause poisons their imaginations and inflates their vanity. These combined causes allure them into the love of a practice from which they derive the grateful incense of praise, to the neglect of more important objects. Their improvement in speaking, not being founded in principle, and sentiment, turns out in the end, worse than nothing; for it appears that their time has been sacrificed in pursuit of a useless acquisition.
However desirable a manly confidence in children may be, it is much to be feared that when inspired at too early a period, it lays the foundation of conceit, arrogance and ignorance. And if it were otherwise, experience demonstrates that an insensible, unfeeling orator never pleases. Perhaps no universal rule can be determined on. Observation and experience will afford the best guide. In general it may be observed, that the memories of children often become the repository of many things, before they begin to reason, or accurately compare ideas; that as this faculty is thus easily susceptible of impressions, their senses are equally affected by external objects, so as to induce an irresistible imitation of every species of action that comes in contact with them. Hence we are apt to be deceived, by mistaking these appearances for real improvements. The most that can be derived from these sources, before reason begins to assume its sway, is to form, and fix certain rules in the memory, and to give those rules a lasting influence, by the force of habit. When the judgment begins to ripen, these rules may be applied; and then, but not before, the business of public declamation may be commenced. It is generally
found that lads make but indifferent progress in those parts of education which require much reflection, before they are eleven or twelve years old. Perhaps this will apply with as great force to the subject under consideration, as to any whatever. It is of much greater importance to teach children to read well, than to teach them to declaim early.—The former is an introduction to the latter, and depends merely on rules; the essentials of the latter are abstract in their nature, and entirely above the comprehension of children.
N. B. In TABLET No. L. third line. first paragraph, for o'deyed read disobeyed .
EXTRACT FROM AN ORATION,
Pronounced at Marietta on the 4th of July, 1789, by RETURN J. MEIGS, Esq. Attorney at Law.
ENOUGH of tributary praise is paid, To virtue living, or to merit dead. To happier themes, the rural Mufe invites, To calmest pleasures, and serene delights; To us, glad fancy, brightest prospects shows, Rejoicing nature, all around you glows; Here late the Savage hid in ambush lay, Or roam'd the uncultur'd vallies for his prey; Here frown'd the forest with terrific shade, No cultur'd fields expos'd the opening glade; How chang'd the scene! See nature cloth'd in smiles With joy repays the labor for his toils. Her hardy gifts, rough industry extends, The groves bow down, the lofty forest bends; On every side, the cleaving axes found, The oak, and tall beech thunder to the ground.
And see the spires of Marietta rise, And domes, and temples swell into the skies: Here Justice reign, and foul dissention cease, Her walks be pleasant—and her paths be peace. Here swift Muskingum rolls his rapid waves; There furmenous vallies, fair Ohio laves; On its smooth surface, gentle zephyrs play, The sun beams tremble with a placid ray; What future harvests on his bosom glide, And loads of Commerce swell the “downward tide,” Where Mississippi joins in length'ning sweep, And rolls majestic to the atlantic deep.
Along our banks, see distant villas spread— Here waves the corn—and there extends the mead— Here found the murmurs of the gurgling rills; There bleat the flocks upon a thousand rills. Fair opens the lawn—the fertile fields extend, The kindly shower from smiling Heaven descends, The skies drop fatness, on the blooming vale, From spicy shrubs ambrosial sweets exhale, Fresh fragrance rises from the flowrets bloom, And ripening vineyards breathe a “glad perfume.” Here swells the music of the warbling grove, And all around is melody and love.
Here may religion fix her blest abode— Bright emanation of creative God; Here Charity extend her liberal hand, And mild benevolence o'er-spread the land, In harmony the social virtues blend— Joy, without measure—rapture, without end.
BIOGRAPHICAL.
DIED in Petty France, London, aged 80, John Cleland, Esq. He was the son of Col. C. that celebrated fictitious member of the Spectator's Club, whom Steele describes under the name of Will Honeycomb. A portrait of him hung up in the son's library till his death, which indicates all the manners and d'abord of the fashionable town rake in the beginning of this century. The son, with the scatterings of the father's fortune, and some share of his dissipation, after passing through the forms of a good education in Westminster College, where he was admitted in 1722, at the age of 13, and was contemporary with Lord Mansfield, went as Consul to Smyrna, where perhaps, he first imbibed those loose principles which, in a subsequent publication, too infamous to be particularized, tarnished his reputation as an author. On his return from Smyrna he went to the East Indies; but quarrelling with some of the Members of the Presidency of Bombay he made a precipitate retreat from the East, with little or no benefit to his fortune. Being without profession, or any settled means of subsistence, he soon fell into difficulty; a prison, and its miseries, were the consequences. In this situation one of those booksellers who disgrace the profession offered him a temporary relief for writing the work above alluded to, * which brought a stigma on his name which time has not obliterated, and which will be consigned to his memory whilst its poisonous contents are in circulation. For this publication he was called before the Privy Council, and the circumstances of his distress being known, as well as his being a man of some parts, John Earl Granville, the then President, nobly rescued him from the like temptation, by getting him a pension of 100l. per year, which he enjoyed to his death, and which had so much the desired effect
that, that except “The Memoirs of a Coxcomb,” which has some smack of dissipated manners, and “The Man of Honor,” written as an amende honorable for his former exceptional book, Mr. C. mostly dedicated his time to political and philosophical publications, and was the author of the long letters given in the public prints, from time to time, signed A Briton, Modestus, &c.&c. and of some curious tracts on the Celtic language. He lived within the income of his pension for many years, in a retired situation in Petty France, surrounded by a good library, and the occasional visits of some literary friends, to whom he was a very agreeable companion, and died at the advanced age of 80. In conversation he was very pleasant and anecdotal, understanding most of the living languages, and speaking them all very fluently. As a writer, he shewed himself best in novels, song-writing, and the lighter species of authorship; but when he touched politicks he touched it like a torpedo, he was cold, benumbing, and soporific.
NOTE.
* The sum given for the copy of this work was 20 guineas, The sum received for the sale could not be less than 10,000l.
RE-PUBLISHED BY PARTICULAR DESIRE. FROM THE PROVIDENCE GAZETTE.
To BRUTUS*.
IN a paper printed without the Union, and for that and other reasons very properly called The United States Chronicle , you have published “Considerations on the Order of Cincinnatus,” and dared to attack the character of “a Washington.” Think not that I am about to defend it. My pen cannot add to its lustre, nor your efforts cast thereon the shadow of a shade.
Proceed in abusing the meritorious officers of the late American army, and distinguish them, if you please, by every opprobrious epithet that malice, ingratitude or antifederalism can suggest; but permit me to recommend, that you spare the President-General. It may be that you write for a name. Erostratus, for perpetuating his name, or rather his infamy, burnt the celebrated temple of Diana at Ephesus—and Brutus has attempted to fully the virtues of a Washington! SENEX.
NOTE.
* A writer against the Cincinnati in the United States Chronicle.
CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES.
Begun and held at the City of New-York, on Wednesday the Fourth of March, One Thousand Seven Hundred and Eighty-Nine.
An ACT to suspend part of an Act, entitled “An Act to regulate the collection of the Duties imposed by Law on the Tonnage of Ships or Vessels, and on Goods, Wares, and Merchandizes, imported into the United States,” and for other purposes.
BE it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That so much of the Act, entitled “An Act to regulate the collection of the duties imposed by law, on the tonnage of Ships or Vessels, and on Goods, Wares, and Merchandizes, imported into the United States,” as obliges ships or vessels bound up the river Potowmac, to come to, and deposit manifests of their cargoes, with the officers at Saint Mary's and Yeocomico, before they proceed to their port of delivery, shall be and is hereby suspended until the first day of May next.
Be it further enacted, That all the privileges and advantages to which ships or vessels owned by citizens of the United States, are by law entitled, shall be, until the fifteenth day of January next, extended to ships and vessels wholly owned by citizens of the States of North-Carolina, and Rhode-Island, and Providence Plantations.—Provided, That the master of every such ship or vessel last mentioned, shall produce a register for the same, conformable to the laws of the state in which it shall have been obtained, shewing that the said ship or vessel is, and before the first day of September instant, was owned as aforesaid, and make oath or affirmation, before the collector of the port in which the benefit of this act is claimed, that the ship or vessel for which such register is produced, is the same therein mentioned, and that he believes it is still wholly owned by the person or persons named in said register, and that he or they are citizens of one of the states aforesaid.
And be it further enacted, That all rum, loaf sugar, and chocolate, manufactured or made in the State of North-Carolina, or Rhode-Island, and Providence Plantations, and imported or brought into the United States, shall be deemed and taken to be, subject to the like duties, as goods of the like kinds, imported from any foreign state, kingdom or country, are made subject to.
And be it further enacted, That a report of entry and delivery, until the fifteenth day of January next, and that a Collector be appointed for the same.
FREDERICK AUGUSTUS MUHLENBERG, Speaker of the House of Representatives. JOHN ADAMS, Vice-President of the United States, and President of the Senate.
APPROVED, SEPTEMBER 16, 1789.
GEORGE WASHINGTON, President of the United States.
Published by JOHN FENNO, No. 9, MAIDEN-LANE, near the Usque-Market , NEW-YORK.—[3dol. pr. an.]