The New-York journal, and weekly register (New-York [N.Y.]), 1788-09-25 00:00:00

The New-York Journal, and Weekly Register.
NUMB. 1718, of VOL. XLIII.]
THURSDAY, September 25, 1788.
[Total NUMB. 2367.]
HERE TRUTH UNLICENSED REIGNS; AND DARES ACCOST—EVEN KINGS THEMSELVES, OR RULERS OF THE FREE. Thompson's Liberty.
NEW-YORK: Printed and Published by THOMAS GREENLEAF, at the PRINTING-OFFICE, No. 25, WATER-STREET.
At a Court of Chancery, held at the City-Hall of the City of Albany, the seventh Day of August, in the Year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and eighty-eight.
P R E S E N T,
The Hon. ROBERT R. LIVINGSTON, Esq. Chancellor.
IN CHANCERY. FORASMUCH as it appears to this court, that a bill hath been filed therein, by John Bowne, administrator, with the will annexed of David Provoost, deceased, complainant, vs. Benjamin Birdfall, and Mary his wife, defendants. A decree for the sale of certain premises therein mentioned to have been mortgaged by the said Benjamin Birdfall, and Mary his wife, to the said David Provoost; whereupon process of subpoena to appear and answer, hath been duly issued and returned; and that the said defendant, Benjamin Birdfall, hath not entered his appearance in this suit, as according to the rules of this court the same ought to have been entered, in case the said process had been duly served; and an affidavit having been made to this satisfaction of the court, that the said defendant, Benjamin Birdfall, is withdrawn out of this state, or could not upon due enquiry be found within the same to be served with a subpoena issuing out of this honorable court in the above cause; whereupon it is ordered, on motion of Mr. Barr, of counsel for the complainant, that the said defendant, Benjamin Birdfall, appear to the said bill, on or before the sixteenth day of October next, and in default thereof, that the complainant's said bill be taken pro confesso, as to him the said defendant, Benjamin Birdfall, to the end that a decree may be made for a sale of the said premises, or such part thereof, as to this court shall appear just and right; and it is further ordered, that a copy of this order, within twenty days from the date hereof, be inserted in (at least) two of the public newspapers, printed in the city of New-York, for the space of eight weeks successive-ly. Extract from the minutes, 6s. 8w. W. COCK, Register.
Extract from an Act, supplementary to the Act, entitled, "An Act to prevent the Exportation of unmerchantable Flour, and the false Taring of Bread and Flour Casks," passed the 7th March, 1788.
And be it further, enacted, &c. That the standard weight of wheat brought to the city of New-York for sale, shall be sixty pounds net to the bushel; and in all cases of such sales of wheat, in the said city, by the bushel, if the same shall exceed the standard weight, the buyer shall pay a proportionably greater price; and if the same shall be less than the said standard, the buyer shall pay a proportionably less price: Provided, That this regulation shall not extend to any special contracts respecting the sales of wheat, whatever may be the weight thereof. Sect. 10th. And be in further enacted, &c. That this act shall be in force from and after the first day of July next, &c.
Chamber of Commerce, July 1st, 1788. RESOLVED , That the members of this chamber, from a consciousness of the advantage which the agricultural, as well as commercial interest of this state may deprive from a strict adherence to the directions contained in the former part of the seventh section of the law above recited, will, in their future purchases of wheat, uniformly abide by the rules therein prescribed, and, as far as their influence extends, endeavour to convince the public of their utility, and to induce their adoption.
By order of the Corporation of the New-York Chamber of Commerce, WILLIAM LAIGHT, Secretary.
TO BE SOLD, For JERSEY MONEY at full Value, Or exchanged for any Property in New-York, or bartered for West-India or DRY GOODS, At Market Price,
A Valuable Farm, SITUATE in Woodbridge township, in the county of Essex, New-Jersey, within a quarter of a mile of the main road from Woodbridge to Brunswick, about eight miles distant from the latter, and three and a half from Perth Amboy, consisting of one hundred and seventy acres a third part of which is excellent MEADOW; a sufficiency of fire-wood, with a handsome piece of thrifty young timber.
The plough-land equal to any in that part of the country; the whole under good fence.
On the premises is a good house, kitchen, and barn; and an excellent spring of water near the door; to which is added, fifteen acres, or thereabouts, of salt marsh, on the Raritan, about one mile from the farm.
This place is well known by the name of CLAWSON'S FARM.
For terms of sale enquire of Mr. Joseph Bindon, merchant, New-York, or Benjamin Thompson, near Morris-Town.
New-York, Jan. 24, 1788. 99—
This Day is published, And to be sold by the PRINTER hereof and by ROBERT HODGE, No. 237, Queen-Street,
P R I N C I P L E S OF THE Latin Grammar,
EXPLAINED in a manner suited to the Capacity of Beginners, with rules and Observations calculated for those who have made proficiency in the Classics.
By JAMES HARDIE, A. B. Teacher of the GREEK and LATIN Languages, NEW-YORK.
WE, the PRESIDENT and PROFESSORS of COLUMBIA COLLEGE, whose names are hereunto subscribed, do certify, that we have examined a new publication, entitled " The Principles of the Latin Grammar explained, &c. " by JAMES HARDIE, and that we find it an accurate and judicious compilation, well calculated for the instruction of youth in the rudiments of the Latin language; and such as may be useful even to those who have made considerable progress therein. We therefore recommend it to all who are entrusted with the care of education, and particularly to the teachers in the different schools of this state.
W. SAMUEL JOHNSON, President, WILLIAM COCHRAN, Professor of Languages, JOHN DANIEL GROS, Professor of Moral Philosophy and Geography, JOHN KEMP, Professor of Mathematics and Natural Philosophy.
JUST IMPORTED, In the Ship J U N O, from Havre-de-Grace, and ships PHILADELPHIA and GRACE from Amsterdam, And to be SOLD at the STORE No. 193 Queen-Street, opposite Beckman's-Slip, By DE LUZE DE MONTMOLLIN, and COMPANY,
A general Assortment of DRY GOODS, Consisting of the following Articles, CHINTZES, Kid Gloves, Callicoes, Ribbons, Lutefrings, Hair Ribbons, Cambricks, Watches, Silk Hole, Umbrellas, &c. Also, to be sold at the above Store,
Handkerchiefs, Persian, and Sarinets. tf.
All kinds of Public & State Certificates
BOUGHT and SOLD, At No. 27, WATER-STREET, And every kind of PAPER MONEY exchanged for SPECIE and re-exchanged: Also on Hand FOR SALE, A LARGE Sum in Banker's, Barber's, and Loan Office Certificates of this State, such as will purchase Lands at the Commissioner's sale, and pay Quit-Rents—Likewise, Final Settlements of this State; any, or all of which will be exchanged for Common Final Settlements, Loan-Office, or Pickering's Notes, and indents at a small difference.
Wanted to Purchase IMMEDIATELY.
OFFICER'S and Soldier's Military Bounty Rights of land, both State and Continental—Also, a large Amount in Indents, Final Settlements, and Pickering's Notes, Apply at No. 196, Water-Street.
New-York RUM Of excellent Flavor and good Proof FOR SALE, By Charles Tillinghast, At the DISTILLERY, near the New-Market in Cherry Street.
Starch and Hair-Powder, MANUFACTURED and SOLD by Isaac & John Stoutenburgh, At the Corner of Greenwich and Dey-Streets, North-River.
Just Published, And to be sold at this Printing-Office, The Heidelberg Catechism; ALSO, The Mothers Catechism.
HUTCHINS'S MAP, Of the interior Parts of AMERICA, The several GRAND DIVISIONS properly Distinguished by COLOURING, To be sold at this OFFICE.
The PROPRIETORS of the New Line of STAGES, (Owned by Cumming and Ward, at Powles-Hook, and Michael Dennison, at the George-Inn, Philadelphia)
RESPECTFULLY inform their friends and the public, that their stages leave Powles-Hook every afternoon at 3 o'clock, except Saturday and Sunday mornings: the four o'clock stage goes to Philadelphia in a day—the seven o'clock stage to Trenton.
We propose to ask the usual fare of Twenty-Two Shillings and Six-pence to those who choose to pay it, from a conviction that it is lower than can be well afforded.
From those who think Two Dollars a sufficient compensation, we shall cheerfully receive it, and a lower price when necessary.
Way passengers Three-pence per mile, fourteen weight baggage gratis, 150 weight the same as a passenger.
JOHN CUMMING, MATHIA WARD, THOMAS EGBERT, JOHN GULICK, ROBERT STOCKTON, DAVID HAMILTON, JOS. VANDEGRIFT, JOSEPH DAVIS, MICHAEL DENNISON. New-York, August 9, 1788. 61
Line of Eastern Stages.
THE Public are most respectfully informed, That, after great expence and fatigue, the subscriber, and company, have completed the line of STAGES from this city quite through to Boston. The carriages, which were before heavy and uneasy, are now all hung upon coach-springs, and do not fatigue more than a common coach. The carriage from hence to Fairfield, in particular, is a new, well constructed, easy one, which will render the journey pleasurable, instead of a toil as heretofore.
Having thus completed the line, the subscriber will commence on Monday next, the 21st inst. to run the Stages from New-York to Boston, THREE TIMES A WEEK, and continue it until Nov. 1, from which to May 1 twice a week.
The extraordinary cost which he has been at in completing this great work, which he doubts not will be of no small public utility, as well as private advantage and convenience, he hopes will induce many to patronize him. Any business of consequence that may be wished to be transacted between these two capitals, shall be faithfully executed.
The Stages will start from the General Stage Office, in Cortlandt Street, on the Monday, Wednesday and Friday, of every week, at four o'clock, A. M. and will arrive at said place on Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday, at eight o'clock, P. M. The days and hours of starting and arriving at Hartford and Boston, are the same as at New-York.
The FARE is three-pence lawful money, or four-pence New-York currency, per mile; fourteen pounds of baggage is allowed gratis; one hundred and fifty pounds of baggage pays the same as a passenger, and in that proportion.
The Public's humble servant, LEVI PEASE.
[Omitted in our last for want of room.] PITTSBURG, August 9.
MEDICAL WATERS. THE public are hereby informed, that a discovery hath lately been made of some medical springs in Washington county, from the use of which many afflicted persons have already experienced the most salutary effects.
No attempt hath been yet made to analyze this water, nor is it perhaps possible to ascertain its quality without some regular experiment; it issues in very large quantities from several large chasms or apertures in the rocks; is so very pure and light that any person may drink a gallon of it, without feeling his stomach in the least oppressed, and possesseth such tenuity and subtilty as to penetrate the whole system immediately after being drank, and make its appearance in small globules on the surface of the body.
To enumerate a few of the many cures effected by these waters: a woman whose name is Crail who had not walked for 15 or 20 years, is by the assistance of these waters restored to strength and activity; another woman nearly in the same situation, with a white swelling, is considerably relieved in a short time; one Tuck afflicted with the gravel, received immediate benefit; several persons laboring under scrofulous complaints have experienced perfect cures, and for the rheumatism, that painful and common disorder in this country, it is a speedy and sovereign remedy.
The discovery was made as follows, Mrs. Clock and Mrs. Potter, who were taken prisoners by the Indians during the late war, were informed by some old savages, that on a branch of Chartiers creek, describing this place exactly, were some springs, which would cure wounds and sickness of all kinds, and that old age itself was considerably relieved by an external and internal use of them.
Those springs are on Tom's run, a branch of Chartiers creek, about ten miles from Pittsburgh, and two from Gen. Nevil's; the country is remarkably healthy, provisions cheap, and comfortable accommodations to be had in the neighboring farm houses; an indifferent bath is already prepared, and will be improved in a few days; from 50 to 100 people frequent those springs every day.
That this valuable dispensation of providence may be generally known, a friend to humanity requests you to give this a place in your very useful paper.
PHILADELPHIA, August 30. A correspondent says, that situated as this country is at present, and in intimate alliance with an intriguing, ambitious nation who have taken delight in destroying the liberties of mankind, it would be the part of wisdom in us to guard against a national government, and to continue, with proper amendments a federal government. It is obvious to a man of reflection, that if our government is national, an attempt to enslave the country can be easily put in execution by the capability that it will have of making the people act unitedly at an unguarded hour for the destruction of our liberties. In a federal government, where there are thirteen or more independent states, an attempt to enslave us will succeed with difficulty. When it is made upon one state, the others will be alarmed before their hour of trial comes on. The government of the United States of America was fabricated upon the model of the government of the Thirteen Cantons of Switzerland, which for about 500 years have flourished in unparallelled prosperity and happy freedom without dangerous commotions. I will transcribe a passage in proof of this from the learned and ingenious Mr. Coxe's letters on Switzerland, who may be considered as impartial, as he is an able judge of the matter which he treats upon. "There is no part of Europe which contains within the same extent of region so many independent commonwealths, and such a variety of different governments, as are collected together in this remarkable and delightful country; and yet, with such wisdom was the Helvetic union composed, and so little have the Swiss of late years been agitated with the spirit of conquest, that since the firm and complete establishment of their general confederacy, they have scarcely ever had occasion to employ their arms against a foreign enemy, and have had no hostile commotions among themselves that were not very soon terminated. And thus, while the several neighbouring kingdoms have suffered, by turns, all the horrors of internal war, this favored nation hath enjoyed the felicity described by Lucretius, and locked down with security upon the various tempests that have shaken the world around them." Coxe's letters on Switzerland, page 460. And afterwards he says, "but the felicity of Switzerland does not consist merely in being peculiarly exempted from the burdens and miseries of war; there is no country in which happiness and content more universally prevail among the people." Page 462.
NEW-YORK, Sept. 25.
A modern writer observes:—"In order that COMMERCE may prove advantageous to the state or nation who carries it on, there are many things which ought first to draw its attention. Commerce is instituted for the benefit of the state; no state, therefore, can carry it on to advantage unless it is possessed of resources sufficient for that purpose; and these resources are derived from husbandry and a proper cultivation of the earth. The merchant, for instance, who imports his goods, is dependent on the farmer for the sale of them; and the farmer is dependent on the production of the earth for the means of purchasing them. Therefore a wise government ought first to see that the people, under its care and administration, pay due attention to agriculture, that great machine, on which is suspended the happiness or misery of a nation."
"Before the late revolution, agriculture was much more attended to than since; the consumption of the various productions of the earth was not sufficient to encourage the farmer; owing, in a great measure, to the neglect of trade, and a general inclination for husbandry. But the war coming on, caused a great relaxation; thousands, who maintained themselves and families by following the plough, have since assumed the rank of some of our greatest merchants. For the purpose of leading a sedentary life; and instead of occupying their minds in the employment which nature designed for them, they waste their hours in dissipation, and a giddy rambling impulse, that leads them to poverty and want. Unqualified for the business they attempt to pursue, they soon tumble in ruins, and distress many innocent creditors and tradesmen, who are dependent on them for their subsistence."
"If we take a view of our country, in general, we find it filled with pettifogging lawyers, doctors, and professors of one kind or other, who are as much unqualified for the business they pursue, as Milton's devil was to preach salvation; employments which neither God or nature ever designed them for: negotiators, speculators, stock jobbers, who were once idle tradesmen, cordwainers, fad-dlers, and the like; all crowding themselves into some business unbecoming their condition; cheating and robbing their neighbour of his property and defrauding the soldier, who has faithfully served his country in the most trying scenes of distress, out of his pay, and rioting on the spoils of the innocent and industrious part of the community. These considerations are truly alarming to a free people, who have just rescued themselves and posterity from the jaws of tyranny and oppression, and which deserve the attention of our government, by whose interposition alone we can expect to enjoy the blessings of independence, and cement more firmly the bands of civil society."

MISCELLANY.
[Continued from our last.]
The petition proposed is as follows:
To the honorable the representatives of the free- men of the commonwealth of Pennsylvania, in general assembly met.
The petition and representation of the subscribers,
THAT your petitioners possess sentiments completely federal: being convinced that a confederacy of republican states, and no other, can secure political liberty, happiness and safety through- out a territory so extended as the United States of America. They are well apprized of the necessity of devolving extensive powers to Congress, and of vesting the supreme legislature, with every power and resource of a general nature; and consequently they acquiesce in the general system of government framed by the late federal convention; in full con- fidence, however, that the same will be revised without delay: for, however worthy of approbation on the general principles and outlines of the said system may be, your petitioners conceive, that amend- ments in some parts of the plan are essential, not only to the preservation of such rights and privile- ges as ought to be reserved in the respective states, and in the citizens thereof, but to the fair and un- embarrassed operation of the government in its vari- ous departments. And as provision is made in the constitution itself for the making of such amend- ments as may be deemed necessary; and your pe- titioners are desirous of obtaining the amendments which occur to them as more immediately desirable and necessary, in the mode admitted by such provi- sion.
They pray that your honorable house, as the re- presentatives of the people in this commonwealth, will, in the course of the present session, take such measures as you in your wisdom shall deem most effectual and proper to obtain a revision and amend- ment of the constitution of the United States, in such parts and in such manner as have been or shall be pointed out by the conventions or assemblies of the respective states; and that such revision be by a general convention of representatives from the se- veral states in the union.
Your petitioners consider the amendments point- ed out in the propositions hereto subjoined as essen- tially necessary, and as such they suggest them to your notice, submitting to your wisdom the order in which they shall be presented to the consideration of the United States.
The amendments proposed are as follows—viz.
I. That Congress shall not exercise any powers whatsoever, but such as are expressly given to that body by the constitution of the United States: nor shall any authority, power or jurisdiction be assumed or exercised by the executive or judiciary departments of the union under colour or pretence of construc- tion or fiction: but all the rights of sovereignty which are not by the said constitution expressly and plainly vested in the Congress shall be deemed to remain with, and shall be exercised by the several states in the union according to their respective con- stitutions: and that every reserve of the rights of individuals made by the several constitutions of the states in the union to the citizens and inhabitants of each state respectively, shall remain inviolate, ex- cept so far as they are expressly and manifestly yielded or narrowed by the national constitution.
II. That the number of representatives be for the present, one for every twenty thousand inhabi- tants according to the present estimated numbers in the several states, and continue in that proportion until the whole number of representatives shall amount to two hundred, and then to be so propor- tioned and modified as not to exceed that number until the proportion of one representative for every thirty thousand inhabitants shall amount to the said number of two hundred. (Art. 1. Sect. 2. Pa. 3.)
III. That senators, though chosen for six years, shall be liable to be recalled, or superseded by other appointments, by the respective legislatures of the states at any time. (Sect. 3.)
IV. That Congress shall not have power, to make or alter regulations concerning the time, place and manner of electing senators and represen- tatives except in case of neglect or refusal by the state, to make regulations for the purpose; and then only for such time as such neglect or refusal shall continue. (Sect. 4.)
V. That when Congress shall require supplies, which are to be raised by direct taxes, they shall demand from the several states the respective quo- tas thereof, giving a reasonable time to each state to procure and pay the same; and if any state shall refuse, neglect, or omit to raise and pay the same within such limited time, then Congress shall have power to assess, levy, and collect the quota of such state, together with interest for the same from the time of such delinquency, upon the inhabitants and estates therein, in such manner as they shall by law direct, provided that no poll-tax be imposed. (Sect. 8.)
VI. That no standing army of regular troops shall be raised or kept up in time of peace, without the consent of two thirds of both houses in Con- gress. (Section 8.)
VII. That the clause respecting the exclusive legislation over a district not exceeding ten miles square, be qualified by a proviso that such right of legislation extend only to such regulations as respect the police and good order thereof. (Sect. 8.)
VIII. That each state respectively shall have power to provide for organizing, arming and disci- plining the militia thereof, whenever Congress shall omit or neglect to provide for the same. That the militia shall not be subject to martial law, but when in actual service in time of war, invasion or rebellion: and when not in the actual service of the United States, shall be subject to such fines, pe- nalties, and punishments only, as shall be directed or inflicted by the laws of its own state: nor shall the militia of any state be continued in actual ser- vice longer than two months under any call of Congress, without the consent of the legislature of such state, or, in their recess, the executive thereof. (Article 1. Sect. 8.)
IX. That the clause respecting vessels bound to or from any one of the states be explained. (Sec- tion 9.)
X. That Congress establish no courts other than the supreme court, except such as shall be necessary, for determining causes of admiralty jurisdiction. (Article 3. Sect. 1.)
XI. That a proviso be added at the end of the second clause of the second section of the third ar- ticle to the following effect, viz. Provided that such appellate jurisdiction, in all cases of common law cognizance, be by writ of error, and confined to matters of law only: and that no such writ of error shall be admitted except in revenue cases, unless the matter in controversy exceed the value of three thousand dollars. (Sect. 2. Parag. 2.)
XII. That to article 6, clause 2, be added the following proviso, viz. Provided always, that no treaty which shall hereafter be made, shall be deem- ed or construed to alter or effect any law of the United States, or of any particular state, until such treaty shall have been laid before, and assented to by the house of representatives in Congress. (Ar- ticle 6. Parag. 2.)
Resolved, That the foregoing proceedings be committed to the chairman for publication.
BLAIR M'CLENACHAN, Chairman. Attest. JOHN A. HANNA, Secretary.
Foreign Intelligence.
[Extracts from London papers received by the Commerce, Capt. Clay, who arrived at Phi- ladelphia, and the Wittington, Capt. Jef- ry, at Baltimore.]
FRANKFORT, June 21.
WE are assured that a considerable body of Turks have entered the Banat, and burnt many villages.
Prince Lichtenstein's army, in Croatia, has been strongly entrenched for some time, that General having been obliged to detach part of it to reinforce the line on the frontiers.
According to some papers, the Poles on the frontiers have quitted the French dress for that of their own country, the Turks having declared, that if they enter the territory of the republic they will hurt no one clothed in the Polish manner.
PARIS, July 3.
The parliament of Rouen is exiled in conse- quence of the audacity of the members the 25th ult. when they assembled in a convent of Monks, and declared all persons perjured and infamous traitors to their king and country who had accept- ed, or who should dare to accept of places in the new tribunals.
The affairs of this country become every day more alarming. The flame not only spreads, but what is worse, seems approaching nearer the capi- tal. The parliament of Rouen, which at first ap- peared to acquiesce under the late ordinances, have at length taken a decided part with the opposition. In their last resolutions, they have not only asserted the rights of parliament, but have gone so far as to accuse the two leading ministers as traitors to their king and country, and to demand that they should be brought to public justice. The consequence is, that letters were dispatched for sending all the members of that parliament into exile.
VIENNA, July 5.
Letters from the Prince de Cobourg, of the 28th of June, mention that the Russian army, under the command of General Soltikow, had actually passed the river Dniester on that day, and was expected to join the Austrian army on the 30th.
OSTEND, July 16.
The states of Flanders have issued notice, that the waters of the Canal from Ostend to Bruges will be drawn off on the 8th of August next, for the purpose of cleaning and deepening it, by which the navigation of large ships will be interrupted during six weeks.
LONDON, July 10.
The following passages are selected from a letter, dated Berlin, June 27:—The Russian ambassador at this court, Count Romanzow, received a messen- ger the day before yesterday from Peterburgh; the contents of the dispatches must have been of a very peculiar nature, because the Count has delivered a memorial to our ministry, desiring—"That our monarch would prevent the king of Sweden from pursuing his warlike preparations against Russia, and cause him to receive pacific propositions, or to incline him so to do; otherwise his imperial majes- ty would look on the measures taken by Sweden as nurtured and assisted by Prussia, which her impe- rial majesty should know how to resent, &c." This very haughty language has given much umbrage; however, the Russian minister is packing up his all, and himself is gone a small distance from the me- tropolis, and will not return thither, but go with- out taking leave.
The answer given to this very extraordinary me- morial ran thus—That his majesty, the king of Prussia, had no controul or command over his ma- jesty of Sweden as a sovereign; as to his own part, he had already and repeatedly declared, that he was resolved and fully determined to remain neuter in the present troubles in Europe, &c.
The Russian minister, not satisfied with this an- swer, remonstrated by a short note, threatening that he would leave the kingdom, to which his majesty gave no answer at all.
Sweden is certainly in earnest in her dispute with Russia. The empress provoked the quarrel, and may think she can recede. The king, however, thinks it is time to speak his mind freely. Not a ship is permitted to sail from any port in Sweden without being duly examined, lest she may contain any stores or ammunition for Peterburgh.
It is said, that the Dey of Algiers has declared war against the empress of Russia, and that a stout fleet had lately sailed from that port, manned with crews of desperate fellows. It is also said, that the evening before the armament weighed anchor, the Dey sent for the Chef d'Escadre, with the rest of the principal officers, when he promised a reward of 2000 sequins to the first that should bring and lay at his feet the head of the English rebel, Paul Jones.
An Algerine rover, of 20 guns, was sunk the 30th of May last by a Genoese man of war near Messina, after a severe and bloody contest of two hours, and all on board perished. So desperate and sanguinary were the infidels to the last, that they kept up a brisk and almost incessant fire with small arms out of the tops, and from different parts of their ship, into the man of war as they were sinking,
which killed and wounded above twenty men; most of the latter died the next day, owing to the balls which the pirates fired being all chewed.
A report is current in the city, that a merchant, in a very extensive line of business, has committed a forgery on the bank, to an extraordinary amount.
July 11. The lords met at an early hour, and the slave trade bill was read a third time without opposition, and passed. It was sent to the com- mons and returned, and his Majesty having taken his seat on the throne, was pleased to give his roy- al assent, and it passed into a law.
The king was then pleased to put a period to the sessions by a speech from the throne.
The lord chancellor then, by his Majesty's com- mand, prorogued the parliament to Thursday the 25th of September next, to be then holden.
M. de Calonne has purchased for his country re- sidence in this land of freedom, to which he has flown to avoid that dreadful instrument of despot- ism, a lettre de cachet. Mr. Hopkins's beautiful Villa at Wimbledon. The sum given is said to be 17,000.
If the managers of Mr. Hastings' trial do not resemble the Greeks in eloquence, they seem resolved to equal them in perseverance; for it is suppos- ed the former will besiege the late Governor General of Bengal as long as the latter besieged Troy, only with this difference, that at the end of that period they will neither be able to let him on fire, nor to plunder his treasures.
The troubles in France, instead of coming to a bloody rebellion, will evaporate in remonstrances, and end in an opera, a dance, or a song.
The annual profits arising from the African Slave-Trade to Great Britain have been computed 270,000.
July 12. The blow is struck between Sweden and Russia. A vessel is arrived in a short passage from the Baltic, who spoke with a cutter dispatched with the information to Stockholm from the Swedish commander.
Mr. Thornton, the Russian merchant, has receiv- ed letters, that an engagement between the Russian and Swedish fleets had certainly taken place, but no particulars are given. A severe cannonade had been heard by many ships for upwards of four hours con- tinuance.
The Swedish, Prussian and Danish ministers re- ceived advice yesterday of the same import; and letters from Elsinore confirm also the intelligence.
There is no reason to doubt the authenticity of the above intelligence, it being mentioned as an ab- solute fact in several other private letters from per- sons of unquestionable veracity.
July 15. The court of Spain has come to a re- solution of tolerating to a certain degree, every Christian sect, that admits of the mystery of the Holy Trinity and the incarnation of our blessed Saviour, as contained in the Creed of the Apostles; and it was expected that on the 25th of July, being the Festival of St. James, a pragmatic sanction for the purpose would be issued out at the castle of Il- defonso.
July 16. Monday at one o'clock, a messenger arrived from France at the secretary of state's office, Whitehall, on which a council was immediately summoned, and met at a quarter before two o'clock, the following were the ministers who formed it: Duke of Richmond, Marquis of Carmarthen, Lord chancellor, and the right hon. William Pitt. Nei- ther the Marquis of Stafford nor Lord Camden were in town. At half past five o'clock the coun- cil was over, when a messenger was dispatched with the result to the king at Cheltenham.
The cause of this extraordinary meeting was the discovery of an intrigue of a nature fully as unex- pected as alarming, which has been carrying on at the court of Berlin, by which his Prussian majesty, it is asserted, has been almost persuaded to renounce his recently entered into connexions with this coun- try. The French, as usual, are at the bottom of this plot, and the principal instrument a woman. This female is no less a person than the Countess —, who, through the insinuating address of a Frenchman of distinction, resident at Berlin, has disposed the Duke of Brunswick to be of the party. Incredible as this circumstance may appear, our correspondent avers it as a fact. The alarm it has created in the Cabinet may be well imagined; they have met three times on the business since Saturday morn- last, and continued long in their deliberations.
The Emperor of Morocco, who was to make war upon the powers hostile to the Ottoman Porte, is likely to have sufficient employment at home. One of his sons having been entrusted with the escort of a rich caravan to Mecca, seized the treasure for his own use, which is said to amount to no less than 750,000 piastres. This has enabled him to raise a considerable number of partizans, and he has de- clared war against the Emperor.
Parliament, it is positively asserted, will meet for the dispatch of business on Friday the seventh of November.
The following arrangement at the admiralty was yesterday fixed:
Earl of Chatham—vice Lord Howe, Lord Hood—vice Leviston Gower, Esq. Sir Peter Parker—vice Charles Breer, Esq.
July 17. The Prince Royal of Denmark has acquired great popularity by the commission which was appointed under his auspices to enquire into the state of the peasantry in Denmark and Norway. The commissioners made their report last month; and their opinion, founded upon the observations made by them in the course of their enquiries, is, that the vassalage of the peasants ought to be abolish- ed, that this useful and numerous body of men, the foul and support of the state, should be made free. His Majesty, by the advice of his son, has adopted the opinion of the commissioners; and the en- franchisement of the Danish peasantry will of course take place in a short time.
His Royal Highness the Duke of Orleans is re- turned to France: he landed at Calais on Friday afternoon last. The Marchioness, who accompa- nied his Royal Highness during his late visit, sat off before him.
On Sunday evening a very heavy storm of thun- der, lightning, and rain, fell on the sea coast of Flanders. At Ostend it was exceedingly heavy, and the element appeared in one continued blaze of fire for several seconds together. It began at se- ven in the evening, and there being no wind, con- tinued until near day-light. Melancholy accounts of the lightning on Saturday evening, from different parts of the country, are received: several lives have been lost, flocks of hay set on fire, and vari- ous other damages among the rural part of the creation.
The new naval administration intend to propose one measure in the ensuing sessions of parliament, viz. the enrolling a certain number of seamen at all the sea ports of the kingdom, in a similar manner to what is practiced in France, in order that a number of sailors may be ready to man the ships of war on any emergency.
July 19. Wednesday afternoon the secretary of state sent a free pardon to Mr. Wilkins, the pri- oner, in Newgate, which his majesty signed among the first official papers at Cheltenham. The right hon. lord George Gordon, the author of the pub- lication in favor of the prisoners, printed by Mr. Wilkins, still continues in Newgate.
Thursday arrived at the hotel, in King-Street, St. James's-square, brigadier general Hope, lieutenant governor of Canada, having landed from the ship Carleton off Plymouth, after a voyage of 32 days from Quebec.
Extract of a letter from Stockholm, June 27. "Before his majesty went on board the fleet he sent notice to the Russian ambassador, count Rara- moukly, by M. Bedoire, the master of the ceremo- nies, that he could no longer look upon him as a Russian minister at this court, and therefore the sooner he could make it convenient to depart the better. Notwithstanding all these appearances and preparations of war, the trade with Russia goes on as usual."
American Occurrences.
BOSTON, September 11. A FEDERAL correspondent observes, that how- soever a correspondent of the Centinel of Sat- urday, may amuse himself with air, "this air," the enlightened freemen of the United States of Amer- ica, are not so destitute of common sense, as not to see and laugh at any suggestions, direct and implied, that convey an idea, that it is treason against them- selves, to propose, and endeavour to obtain, in the constitutional way, necessary amendments, to their own constitution; "treason against the majesty of the people," lies on the other hand. The people of this commonwealth, in particular, by their very respectable convention, in February last, at the ra- tification of the federal constitution, after stating sundry amendments, then enumerated, did, "In the name and in the behalf of the people of this commonwealth, enjoin it upon their representatives in Congress, at all times, until the alterations and provisions aforesaid, have been considered, agreea- bly to the fifth article of the said constitution, to exert their influence, and use all reasonable and le- gal methods to obtain a ratification of the said alter- ations and provisions, in such manner, as is provi- ded in the said article."
Is it then, this correspondents asks, the holding up the propriety and importance, of obtaining, if possible, this enjoined object of the people; or ser- pents advanced in opposition to it, that exhibits most the complexion of treason against the majesty of the people—of this the enlightened people are fully competent to determine for themselves. But not only the convention of this commonwealth, but those of several other states (the whole included, being intitled, as fixed by the constitution, to a ma- jority of representatives, of those states which have adopted the system) have likewise proposed amend- ments. And it is highly probable that if the mode of first adopting the constitution, and then propo- sing amendments, had been at first thought of, all the ratifying states would have put a nearly the same line of conduct. The freemen of these states have a fore-sight to discern, that their liberties may be in danger, although not attacked, if an avenue is left open, through which they may at some future time be attacked; they will, therefore, naturally be anxious, that any aperture in the barrier between powers delegated and retained, be closed, explic- itly defined, and well understood. To leave matters to a full trial of experience, as some are urging, may, perhaps, be compared to the loaning a man's money, untold and without proper security for the payment thereof, in order to ascertain his honor and honesty; or to neglect to repair a breach in the walls of a city liable to be besieged, in order to dis- cover whether the assailants would avail themselves of the advantage offered them: the loss of proper- ty, however, in the one case, and a lodgment gained behind the breach, in the other, would render, after precaution, unavailable.
NEWPORT, Sept. 11. We learn from Nova-Scotia, that the highest suspicion prevails there, that the infamous Traitor BENEDICT ARNOLD, set fire to his own house, having previously effected an insurance in London upon it to a much larger amount than the real value of his property. In ARNOLD we be- hold a fatal example of an unbridled thirst after riches, this hath been his ruling passion, and to this he would sacrifice his God, as he hath attempted to sacrifice his country.—What crimes then will the wretch stop at?—NONE—until he is stopt by a gallows.
TO BE SOLD, By WILLIAM PRINCE, At Flushing Landing, on Long-Island, near NEW-YORK, A large COLLECTION of FRUIT TREES,
As follows, viz. ALL sorts of Apples, Pears, Plums, Cherries, Peaches, Nectarines, Apricots, Quince, and Mulberry Trees, Fig Trees, black, white, and red Currants; a Variety of fine Goose- berries, red and white English and large Canada Raspberries; a great Variety of Strawberries, among which is the large Hudson, which for size exceeds any yet discovered, are high flavored and great bearers: Madeira, Lisbon, and large Syrian Grape Vines, English and American Wallnuts, hard and soft shell Almonds; a great Variety of Roses and other Flowering Shrubs: fine striped Tulip and Tube Rose Roots, and a great Number of other Plants too tedious to mention here, but may be seen in the Catalogue, which may be had gratis, at Mr. Hugh Gaine's, Printer, in Hanover-square, New-York, where Orders left will be immediately attended to.
Many thousands of the above Trees are large and of a proper Size for transplanting. The Price of the Fruit Trees is Two Shillings each—the Shrubs and Plants are of different Prices as may be seen in the Catalogue.

New-York, Sept. 25.
HIGH-WAY ROBBERS.
THE citizens would do well to be vigilant in detecting the above troublesome set of gentlemen, of whom, it is shrewdly conjectured, many are now prowling in this city, watching the motions of those, in particular, whose fobs and pockets are richly decorated.
We are informed, that two gentlemen were flopped by two foot pads, dressed in sailors habits, on Tuesday evening last, not later than nine o'clock, as they were walking near the mall in Broad Way. It is also said, that a woman was knocked down earlier in the evening, near Golden-Hill; and that a vessel, near New-Slip, within a few days, has been robbed of 60 or 70 dollars.
Whatever may be the superior rate of HONOR which the highway-robber arrogates over the mid-night assassin, it certainly becomes the serious duty of every police officer, more especially of the city watch, for the safety of the inhabitants, to be unwearied, in their several stations, in watching the motions of night-walkers, that such bane to the common peace may be stopped in their mad career.
A correspondent observes, that having been present while the supreme court was setting in Suffolk county (Long-Island) he conceives it but justice to the peaceable and virtuous inhabitants of that county, thus to make known, that there was not a single indictment by the grand jury, and that there was but one cause tried at the court during their session.
In every clime did virtue deign to rule, Peace—cheerfulness—love, would reign triumphant, Nor strive to interdict the stream Of human bliss.
Life would be doubly blest;—the lawyer's fee, Inglorious, to education's shrine would bow, Favor'd Columbia would be truly free— And GOD ador'd.
Monday the ship AMERICA was launched at the ship-yards in this city. She is owned by Messrs. M'Comb and Edgar, merchants; is of about 650 tons burthen; the skilful workmanship of Mr. Young; and to be commanded by Mr. Jacob Sarly, for the purpose of ploughing far distant oceans, and of re-peating, to this our infant country, the riches of the east. The launch of this heavy ship was pronounced by all to be conducted in a manner highly honorable to the manager's knowledge and precaution: she went gently from her ways; when she passed into the water, the pitch was hardly to be distinguished, and she proceeded, until brought up, as steadily and as upright, as a vessel under easy sail, gentle breeze, and smooth sea. On this occasion the concourse of spectators is computed at between 4 and 5000 persons, forming a truly republican assemblage, of which not the smallest part was composed of the fair sex, adding not a little to the brilliancy of the scene.
On Monday, the 15th instat, the Marquis de Sainneville, commander of his most Christian Majesty's squadron, in Boston harbour, made an elegant entertainment on board the Superb, at which were present all the characters of distinction, from Boston, both strangers and citizens. And
On the Wednesday following his excellency governor Hancock entertained the Marquis with his officers, and the rest of the company, in a like elegant manner, with the addition of a superb ball in the evening. It is said, that the utmost harmony prevailed at these festivities; and that they were conducted with a degree of splendor unusual in youthful countries.
On Tuesday, September 16, 1788, A. M. the committee appointed September 12th, on the address and memorial of Eleazer Oswald, made report, which was read the second time: whereupon it was resolved, that as the general assembly is of the nature of a grand inquest for the state, this house will, on Tuesday next, resolve itself into a committee of the whole, to inquire, by parole or other evidence, into the truth of the charges exhibited in the memorial of the said Eleazer Oswald against the judges of the supreme court, and to determine whether or not the charges are a sufficient ground for impeaching the said judges.
The committee of accounts, in Pennsylvania assembly, report, that they have received, of David Rittenhouse, Esquire, state treasurer, the sum of twenty thousand pounds in bills of credit emitted by act of general assembly, passed March 16th, 1785; all of which have been examined, counted, burnt, and destroyed, according to law.
On the 2d July, at St. James's, the agents for the loyalists, from the several states of America, had the honor to kiss his Britannic Majesty's hand (on the delivery of an humble address, from the American loyalists, by Sir William Pepperell, bart.) having been introduced by the lord of his Majesty's bed-chamber in waiting. This address consists of expressions of gratefulness to his most gracious Majesty, parliament, and people, for their particular attentions towards them, who have so gloriously suffered in support of the constitution of Great-Britain, and propositions of continued attachment to his Majesty's person and government, with continual prayer for his Majesty's safety and happiness, preferring, with the most fervent loyalty, to devote their lives and fortunes to his Majesty's service.
A London account of the 17th July states, that there had been an engagement between the grand imperial and the Turkish armies, and that these accounts were received through two different channels, which accounts were entirely different. Further to elucidate this, the same paper of the 19th says:—It was not until Thursday, that any positive advices of the engagement between the Swedes and Russians in the east sea were received. The fact was thus explained in a letter received by the Danish ambassador from Copenhagen. On the 22d of June, four Russian sail of the line, three of which were of 100 guns, and four frigates, on their passage from Cronstadt to Copenhagen, fell in with the Swedish squadron, and in passing, they saluted each other. The firing was heard and seen at a distance by an English merchantman passing near at the time, who knowing of the intended rupture between the two nations, gave it out there had been an engagement.
At the anniversary Commencement at New Haven the 10th instat the degree of Doctor of Laws was conferred on his Excell. William Livingston, Esq. Governor of New-Jersey.
The most explicit account of the hurricane in the West-Indies was received from Martinico, and states, that the hurricane commenced on the 14th August, wind at N. E. shifting, in the course of the storm, to N. N. W. S. W. and S. S. W. continuing tremendous until 12 o'clock at night, when it abated: that the shipping went to sea; three of the fleet were cast away, and the greatest part much damaged; the lumber all afloat from the yards; the heavens appeared in one continued glare by lightning; the rain poured as from sluices; the wind raged as if it were its last effort; the earth trembling under the apalled inhabitants from the shock of an earthquake: that the morning presented a devastation never remarked before; not a vessel in the harbour; the streets almost impassable for tile, lumber, roofs of houses, &c. That the damage to plantations was incredible, many large houses and trees swept away; a number of people killed; canes twisted off; yams, plantains, &c. almost totally lost: that it is computed the loss of negroes, canes, &c. exceeds that of 1766. Several estimates have been made of the losses sustained, and the lives that were lost by this dreadful hurricane, and it is generally agreed, that there were between six and seven hundred lives lost, black and white—and that the whole loss in town and country, is 10,000,000 livres.
The merchants and planters petitioned the commander in chief, praying that some measures might be taken to alleviate their sufferings. The next day he ordered all the ports in the island to be opened for American produce, except those articles heretofore prohibited, free from duty, only the island duty, which is one per cent. This had effect from the 20th August last, and is to continue until the 1st January, 1789.
By accounts from Dominica we find, that the hurricane did not rage to that tremendous degree there as at Martinico, but that the island has suffered very much both in shipping and produce.
At Port-au-Prince they also suffered exceedingly, having lost near 50 sail of vessels, and many plantations laid waste.
The London General Advertiser, of July 18, advises, That "the States-General have recalled their envoy extraordinary to the American Congress, and will only have a resident there in future, in which last capacity the younger Mr. Van Berkel replaces his father, who was envoy."
The same paper mentions, that "General Conway, Governor of Pondichery, in the East Indies, at the head of 1000 French troops, had taken possession of Trincomale, an important place belonging to the Dutch, without firing a gun." [By the late treaty between his Britannic Majesty and the United Provinces of the Netherlands, the former is bound to support the latter, in case they are attacked.]
Late accounts from London say, that his most Christian Majesty has summoned the first and second presidents of all his parliaments to meet him at Versailles on the 4th of August.
We hear that in the prosecution of the voyage of the ship Alliance, Capt. Thomas Read, to Canton, he fell in with two islands in the South Sea, which were not discovered by any of the great circumnavigators from Europe—one of which they have named Morris, and the other Alliance. Further particulars of these discoveries, we flatter ourselves we shall be enabled to lay before our readers in a day or two.
Tuesday the ship London Packet, Capt. Woolsey, sailed from this port, for London.
A Providence paper of September 11, says:—At the late anniversary meeting of the honorable corporation of Rhode-Island College, the Rev. Moses Badger, of Providence, was elected a Fellow in the room of the Rev. Thomas F. Oliver, resigned.—Mr. Robert Rogers, of Newport, was elected a Fellow, in the place of Dr. Thomas Eyles, deceased.—The Rev. John Stanford, of Providence, was elected a Trustee, in the place of the Rev. John Gano, who hath resigned.—Peleg Clarke, Esq.; of Newport, was elected a Trustee in the place of Mr. Robert Rogers.—Mr. Daniel Rogers, of Newport, was also elected a Trustee.
For the encouragement of American Literature and genius, it was resolved by the corporation, that a particular part of the Library-Room should be appropriated for the purpose of depositing the works of American Authors.
The following persons are appointed inspectors, in the respective wards, of the election, to be held on the 29th instat, of the several officers annually elected by virtue of the charter of incorporation of this city, and the following places are appointed in each ward, for holding the said election, viz.
INSPECTORS. South-Ward, William Cock; Dock-Ward, Peter Mackie; East-Ward Jacob Abramse; West-Ward, Nicholas Bogart; North-Ward, White Matlack; Montgomery-Ward, Wm. De Peyster; Out-Ward, Nicholas De Peyster.
PLACES OF ELECTION. South-Ward, the Exchange; Dock-Ward, the corner of Abraham Brinckerhoff's house; East-Ward, the Coffee-house; West-Ward, the Olwego-Market; North-Ward, the City-Hall; Montgomery-Ward, Peck-Slip Market; Out-Ward, the Bull's Head Tavern.
At a meeting of a number of respectable citizens from each of the wards in this city, at the City-Tavern, on Monday the 15th of September instat, for the purpose of taking into consideration the election for Aldermen and assistants, to be held on the 29th instat. The following gentlemen were nominated to the offices annexed to their names, and are earnestly recommended to the suffrages of the electors in the several wards.
Out-Ward. Nicholas Bayard, alderman; Cornelius C. Roosevelt, assistant. Montgomery-Ward. Isaac Roosevelt, alderman; Tobias Van Zandt, assistant. West-Ward. Alexander Macomb, alderman; James Alner, assistant. South-Ward. Robert Watts, alderman; Samuel Bard, jun. assistant. Dock-Ward. Peter Elting, alderman; Wynant Van Zandt, assistant. North-Ward. William Maxwell, alderman; George Janeway, assistant. East-Ward. John Lawrence, alderman; James Nicholson, assistant.
The choice of a respectable magistracy, is at all times an object of high importance to the police and dignity of this city; and is the more particularly so, at a juncture when it is expected that the grand council of the union, under the new constitution, will honor it with their residence. It is
hoped that the citizens will approve of the above nomination, and unite their exertions to render it successful.
Published by order of the meeting, NICHOLAS LOW, Chairman.
ARRIVED—Hall, St. Kitts; Stevenfon, London; Jenkins, Port-au-Prince; Freneau, Virginia; Glain, Bay of Honduras; Paddock, Martinique; Muffon, Bermuda; Thompson, Cape-Francois; Townsend, Teneriffe; Stow, St. Bartholomew; Hall, St. Croix; de Carvelho, Oporto; Wileham, St. Croix; Jones, Curacoa; Peters, Demarara; Hicks, St. Bartholomew.
For the NEW-YORK JOURNAL, &c.
MR. GREENLEAF.
READING in Mr. Child's paper a nomination for aldermen for the different wards in this city, said to be made by a number of respectable persons assembled at Bardons, I conceived, that the word small , should have been added before the word number ; for I am assured, that out of the great number of electors in this city, there was not one hundred present at the meeting, and some of those, it is said, had no vote at all, and a great many only had a vote in one of the wards, or at most in two or three—I was led to enquire, whether they had been empowered to nominate for all the wards in the city by a general meeting of the inhabitants? I found they had not, nor by any numbers in the different wards; but that it was a meeting which originated with a few particular persons, who might have some sinister ends in view, and to countenance which they invited such to their meeting as they knew might be brought to fall in with their measures; for it may be asked, if no power was delegated to them, what right had they to nominate for the rest of the citizens? Had they confined themselves to the recommendation of suitable persons to represent the wards they lived in, or had a vote in, the authority they have assumed would not have been so blameable; but to take upon themselves to nominate for wards they do not live in, or have no vote in, is this not assuming an authority they ought not to have pretended to—the height of arrogance, and infringement of the liberties of the electors in the different wards, whose choice and suffrages should be free and uncontrolled by any man or set of men, and more especially by such as have nothing to say in the election? As well might a few of them have called a number of persons from Long-Island to nominate for the city.
Watch my countrymen—there may be more design in the nomination than you are aware of. If now permitted and silently agreed to, and complied with, this may be claimed as a precedent hereafter, in all your future elections; and then farewell, in a great measure, to that freedom of choice given to you by your excellent constitution and charter. It is a good plea, that a respectable magistracy is at all times of high importance to the police and dignity of the city; they ought at the same time to have defined in what respectability in office consisted; in a full and faithful discharge of the duties of the office, or the possession of wealth, which latter is as often bestowed on a fool as a wise man. Nothing may prove more destructive to the future peace of your government and your liberty than the odious distinction attempted to be raised in the states under the terms well born , or bare born , especially if well born and respectable is to be applied only to the man possessing the most wealth and thence influence.
Such is the nature of all earthly institutions, that it is impossible for any government to be so formed as to be free from imperfections, and from preventing contentions to arise between the governing and the governed. The one is generally grasping at the possession of an additional power, influence, and wealth; the other naturally opposing such acquisitions as dangerous to liberty and property. But in no form of government is this more or sooner conspicuous, than in the democratic or republican; men, upon whom fortune has smiled, and favored with wealth, are too apt to be puffed up with vanity and pride, and ambitiously to aspire at procuring the honorable or lucrative offices of government, fancying, that wealth alone will make up for the deficiency in abilities, and that those are never bestowed on the middling or lower class of people, or such as are not blessed with wealth equal to themselves. If therefore the two last classes of the people have any regard to their independence and liberty, parties must be formed, and a contention arise between the different classes; if, on the other hand the last classes are indolent or susceptible of being bribed or brow beaten so as to acquiesce in the delugus of the former, the government soon degenerates into an aristocracy, and this in a little time paves the way for a monarchy. I am sorry to be obliged to make use of the terms class , and beg to be understood only as distinguishing between those who call themselves Esquires , and who are independent in wealth or office, and merchants, shopkeepers, tradesmen, and labourers. The history of Rome affords a very remarkable illustration of what I have been observing upon. Although Romulus, its founder, took upon him the title of King, the government was established upon republican principles; the power of that King was amazingly limited; it consisted chiefly in calling the senate together, in assembling the people, in conducting the army, and appointing treasurers of the public money.
One hundred senators were appointed out of the citizens, renowned for wisdom or valor , to act as counsellors to the King; their descendants were named Patricians, and nominated to the principal offices of state. The rest of the people were called Plebeians; they possessed the power of ratifying the laws which were passed by the senate and the people: of those three orders the Roman government was composed during the reign of Romulus; and so well was it executed as to induce numbers from the other states to come and reside at Rome. After the death of Romulus the senators undertook to supply the place of a King by governing each in their turn five days, until the Plebeians compelled them to elect Numa Pompilius, King: about 140 years after the founding of Rome, Lucius Tarquinius Prefcius usurped the kingdom, and encreased the number of senators to 300; his successor Servius Tullius fell upon a scheme by which he effectually enlarged the power of the senate, and depressed the people, by dividing the inhabitants of Rome into different classes according to their wealth, and granting to them a number of companies, and votes in proportion to that wealth, by which means the
first class, consisting of the senators and patricians, and those worth above 1,000,000 asses, had eighty companies or votes, while the last class had only one, and all persons worth less than about 41 our money had no votes. By this regulation the wealthy persons had the greatest number of votes, and to the poor were left only the shadow of liberty and authority. This was the cause of much contention at Rome for a number of years, until 364 of Rome, when Valerius and Horatius, being consuls, procured a law by which every Plebeian should individually have a vote, and as much influence in all elections and deliberations whatsoever as any one of the Patricians, which took away all distinction between them: before this the Plebeians suffered amazingly; being mostly clients or debtors to the Patricians, their liberty and lives were at their disposal, as by law they had a right to imprison their debtors, who could not make payment, to load them with chains and punish them with stripes; in fact, the debtor was rather more a slave to the creditor in Rome than they are in America; in the last they can only confine the debtor and slave them to death, but may not beat them. This poverty of the inferior classes of the people is said to be brought about by the senators and patricians, who first appropriated to themselves the lands which were the rights of conquest, and belonged to the soldiers, who being reduced to poverty were obliged to borrow money at exorbitant usury, which was exacted at that time as high as 50 per cent.
I do not mean this extract as a reflection on our government, or the administration of it, but as a caution, to prevent the abuse of it. Thank God we are blessed with an excellent constitution, and our government works well. Yet by comparing the rights of election, in the constitution of the United States, and that of this state, it will be found necessary, that we guard against every dangerous innovation.
TEMON. New-York, September 23, 1788.
At a Court of Probates of the State of New-York, held at the Probate-Office, in the City of New-York, on the twenty-fourth Day of September, in the Year of our Lord one Thousand seven Hundred and Eighty-eight.
P R E S E N T, The Honorable PETER OGILVIE, Esq. Judge of the said Court.
WHEREAS Jacob Coles, administrator, with the will annexed of Peter Totten, late of North-Castle, in the county of Westchester, deceased, hath by his petition, presented to the said judge, set forth, that the said Peter Totten was, at the time of his death, seized of a real estate, within this state, that the petitioner had made a just and true account of the personal estate and debts of the said Peter Totten as far as he had been able to discover the same, and that thereby it appeared that the personal estate of the said Peter Totten, was insufficient to pay his debts, and therefore requested the aid of the said judge in the premises, according to the directions of the act, entitled, "An act for the relief of creditors against heirs, devisees, executors and administrators, and for proving wills respecting real estates;" and the said petitioner hath delivered to the said judge the account in the said petition mentioned; hereupon it is ordered by the said judge, that all persons interested in the estate of the said Peter Totten, do appear before the judge of the said court of probates at the probate office, in the city of New-York, on the fourteenth day of November next, to show cause, if any they have, why so much of the real estate whereof the said Peter Totten died seized, should not be sold, as will be sufficient to pay his debts.
67 4w. PETER OGILVIE.
EVENING SCHOOL.
MR. HARDIE, Teacher of the Greek and Latin Languages, at his house, opposite the North-Church, in Fair-street, will, upon Monday the 29th instat, begin Evening School, where he will teach the English and Latin Languages, Navigation, Writing and Arithmetic.
New-York, September 24, 1788. 673w.
By Order of the Honorable Paul Michaux, Esq. Judge of the Court of Common Pleas of the County of Richmond and State of New-York.
NOTICE is hereby given to Richard Christopher, of Nova-Scotia, in the province of New-Brunswick, an absent and non resident debtor, and to all others whom it may concern, that upon application and due proof made to the said judge (pursuant to an act of the legislature of the state of New-York, entitled, "An act for relief against absconding and absent debtors," passed the fourth day of April, 1786) by John Christopher, a creditor of the said Richard Christopher, he the said judge has directed all the said Richard Christopher's estate, real and personal, within said county to be seized; and that unless he shall discharge his debts within one year after the publication of this notice, all his estate, real and personal, will be sold for the payment and satisfaction of his creditors. Dated this 10th day of Sept. 1788. 66—
At a Meeting of the Society, for the Relief of Distressed Debtors, held at the House of Mr. John Simmons, the fourth Day of September, one thousand seven hundred and eighty-eight. [On emergency.] JONATHAN LAWRENCE, Esquire, President for the Evening.
THE Committee of Visitation reporting, that from the great Number of Persons relieved, the Funds of the Society were totally exhausted. That there were several distressed Debtors in Prison, who had no other Subsistence, but what was derived from this Body; and that without such Aid, they must want the common Necessaries of Life. And the said Committee farther reporting, that it would be necessary for the Society, to procure a quantity of Fire-Wood for the Benefit of the Prisoners the ensuing Winter; and that, were the Means in the Power of the Society, the same might be purchased at present, at a very low Rate: whereupon, on Motion, it is unanimously voted, that the Clergy in this City, be earnestly requested, to preach Charity Sermons in their respective Churches, for promoting the important and benevolent Purposes of the Society. And that Doctor Rogers, Mr. Linn, Mr. Beach, and Dr. Kunze be a Committee for making the necessary Arrangements to carry the same into Effect.
Published by order of the Society. 65—11. W. COCK, Secretary.

POET'S CORNER.
On an Evening Thunder Storm.  J UST now bright Phœbus shone serenely bright, And western clouds were tip'd with gems of gold; When from the hemisphere he took his flight, Each cloud the threatening voice of thunder told. Hawk! the hoarse thunder rolling o'er my head, A gloomy aspect wear th' approaching clouds; That late with golden borders were bespread, And darkens with her sable curtain shrouds. Now louder still th' approaching thunder sounds, And flashes of blue lightning catch mine eye; With squally winds the atmosphere abounds, Again sharp lightning blazes in the sky. When disappear'd, the heavy thunders roar, And dreadful omens o'er the mind prevail; While from the heavenly springs hard showers pour, And on the herbage falls destructive hail. The streets, just like a river's flowing tide, With floods of water streaming o'er the plain; The thunder now in distant clouds reside, Once more serenity appears again. Again an azure aspect wears the sky, Now shines through western clouds the palid moon; When freaks of lightning here have ceas'd to fly, And calmness now all nature doth assume. June 13, 1788. E. T.
HOMEWARD-BOUND. A FAVOURITE BALLAD.
L OOSE ev'ry sail to the breeze, The course of my vessel improve; I've done with the toils of the seas, Ye sailors! I'm bound to my love. Since Emma is true as she's fair, My griefs I fling all to the wind: 'Tis a pleasing return to my care, My mistress is constant and kind. My sails are all fill'd to my dear, What tropick bird sweeter can move? Who, cruel, shall hold his career, That returns to the arms of his love. Now hoist ev'ry sail to the breeze, Come shipmates and join in the song; Let's drink, while our ship cuts the seas, To the gale that may drive her along.
ANECDOTES.
A T the capture of St. Eustatia an edict was issued, enjoining every person, under the severe penalty of corporal punishment and banishment, to render in by a certain day an exact inventory of his effects. It happened, that a little before that period a Frenchman who had been very eminent in the commercial world, was, by the calamities often attendant on the uncertainties of that situation, reduced to the deepest distress. He had heard the edict: and on the day appointed he was called upon for his inventory. They found him sitting in the attitude of melancholy—his elbow leaning on a table, while his hand supported his cheek, which was furrowed with the keenest affliction. The noise of entering the room awakened him from his reverie; when, gently turning his head, and recollecting the errand, he took a pen from the table, and wrote the following short, but emphatic account of his condition—  Point d'argent, point de biens, point de commerce, point de credit, point de reputation, et seulement un pauvre cœur rompu! "No money, no goods, no trade, no credit, no reputation, and only one poor broken heart!"
A CORPORAL of the late King of Prussia's life-guards, who was known to have a great deal of vanity, but at the same time, to be a brave fellow, wore a watch chain to which he had affixed a mulquet ball, instead of a watch, which he was unable to purchase. The King being inclined one day to rally him, said, "Apropos, Corporal, you must have been very frugal to buy a watch: it is six o'clock by mine, tell me what is it by yours?" The soldier, who guessed the King's intention, instantly drew the ball from his fob, and said, "Sire, my watch neither makes five nor six o'clock; but it tells me every moment, that it is my duty to die for your Majesty." "Here my friend," said the King, quite affected, "take this watch, that you may be able to tell the hour also." And he gave him his watch, which was adorned with brilliants.
Rising and Setting of the SUN and MOON.     ☉ R. ☉ S. R & S.     Thursday, Sept. 25, 6 4 5 56 1 9.   Friday, 26, 6 5 5 55 2 20.   Saturday, 27, 6 7 5 53 3 39.   Sunday, 28, 6 8 5 52 4 50.   Monday, 29, 6 9 5 51 5 58.   Tuesday, 30, 6 10 5 50 6 13.   Wednesday, Oct. 1, 6 11 5 49 7 11.  
HIGH WATER.
   D. H. M.     Thursday, Sept. 25, 4 56. Morn.   Friday, 26, 5 55.   Saturday, 27, 6 54.   Sunday, 28, 7 54.   Monday, 29, 8 52.   Tuesday, 30, 9 49.   Wednesday, Oct. 1, 10 45.  
Affix of BREAD.
As established December 5, 1787. A Loaf of infested Superfine Wheat Flour to weigh Two Pound Five Ounces for Six-pence. A Loaf of Rye Flour to weigh One Pound Twelve Ounces for Three-pence.
To be Sold at this PRINTING-OFFICE,  B L A N K S of different sorts.
WHEREAS RICHARD BAYLIS, of Goshen, in the county of Orange and late colony of New-York, for securing the payment of one hundred and fifty-one pounds eight shillings and six-pence, current money of the state of New-York, with lawful interest for the same according to the condition of a certain bond or obligation bearing date the twenty-fifth day of June, 1771, and executed by the said Richard Baylis to John Leake, of the city of New-York, did by indentures of lease and release, bearing date respectively the twenty-fourth and twenty-fifth days of June, in the said year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and seventy-one, mortgage to the said John Leake: All that certain piece or parcel of LAND, situate, lying and being in Goshen, in the county of Orange, known by being part of lot No. 6. beginning at the south east corner of the lands conveyed by Ebenezer Holly to Josiah Seely, then running north westerly along said Seely's land, and land of Jeremiah Coleman to the high way, then along the high way to the place of beginning; containing seven acres, to have and to hold, the said tract of land with the appurtenances thereby intended to be granted, and released; and every part and parcel thereof, and the reversion and reversions, remainder and remainders thereof, unto the said John Leake, his heirs and assigns, to the only proper use and behoof of the said John Leake, his heirs and assigns for ever—In which said indenture of release is contained a covenant, that in case it should so happen that the said sum of one hundred and fifty-one pounds eight shillings and six-pence, with the interest, or any part thereof should remain due and unpaid on the 24th day of June then next ensuing the date of the said indenture of release then and in such case it should and might be lawful for the said John Leake, his heirs and assigns to sell the said tract of land and premises thereby granted, or any part thereof, at Public Vendue, or otherwise, as to him or them shall seem meet to any person or persons for such sum or sums of money as might be reasonably had for the same, and out of the monies arising by the sale thereof to retain and keep in his hands the said sum of one hundred and fifty-one pounds eight shillings and six-pence, and the interest that might be due thereon, together with the costs and charges of such sale or sales, rendering the overplus, if any there should be, to the said Richard Baylis, his executors, administrators, or assigns, which sale or sales so to be made by virtue of the said indenture of mortgage should be, and hereby were declared to be a full and absolute perpetual bar, both in law and equity, against him the said Richard Baylis, his heirs, executors, and administrators, and all claiming under him, and of all benefit and equity of redemption of the premises or any part thereof:—And when as the said John Leake, in and by a certain instrument in writing under his hand and seal duly executed, bearing date the twelfth day of April, one thousand seven hundred and eighty-six, did assign, transfer, and set over unto Coe Gale, of the county of Orange and state of New-York, merchant, the aforesaid bond and mortgage, and all monies due and to grow due thereon, together with all the right, title, and interest of him the said John Leake, of, in, and to the said mortgaged premises:—And whereas the whole of the principal sum, together with a great arrear of interest still remains due and unpaid—These are therefore to give notice to all persons interested in the said premises, that unless the said one hundred and fifty-one pounds eight shillings and six-pence, together with the interest due and to grow due thereon, is paid and discharged on or before the sixth day of November next, the said mortgaged premises will be sold at PUBLIC VENDUE, to be held on the premises, on the said sixth day of November next, at eleven o'clock in forenoon of the same day, pursuant to the directions of a certain act of the legislature of the late colony of New-York, entitled, "An act for the more effectual registry of mortgages, and for securing the purchasers of mortgaged estates," passed the nineteenth day of March, one thousand seven hundred and seventy-four. COE GALE.
Masters & Owners of Vessels
Are hereby informed, THAT they may be supplied with cables, large or small, of any length, and cordage of all sizes, made of Peterburg hemp, first quality, at Ivers's Rope-walk, at the head of Mulberry-street, the first left hand turn above the Tea-Water Pump, on such favourable terms as to merit the attention of any gentleman that would wish to lay out his money to the best advantage. Cables spliced, with the addition of any length required, white rope of every sort for city or country use, hambro lines, deep sea lines, hand lead lines, log lines, house lines, and marine, &c. &c. by H. IVERS, Rope-maker.
N. B. The above articles, whether in large or small quantities, will be delivered to any part of the city without expence of cartage to the buyer.
S H R U B,
Of the very best Quality, by the Hoghead, Barrel, or smaller Quantity, FOR SALE by Charles Tillinghast,
At his House, nearly opposite the New-Market in Cherry-street.
Just PUBLISHED, and to be Sold at this OFFICE No. 25, Water-street, The American Calculator, or Counting-House COMPANION,
Just Published by M. CAREY, At Philadelphia, and to be SOLD By THOMAS ALLEN, Book-Seller, in Queen-Street, New-York (By whom Subscriptions are received)
The American Museum, For AUGUST, 1788. CONTAINING Moral Essays.
L ETTER on marriage. Ascribed to the rev. John Witherspoon, president of Princeton college, Letter on education, Ascribed to ditto. Atticus, No. I. Strictures on various follies and vices, No. II. Remarks on country fairs, The Visitant, No. I. On the study of human nature, No. II. Remarks on conversation, No. III. Remarks on the fair sex—on female conversation and accomplishments. Observations on defamation.
Humour. The Old Bachelor, Extracts from "a memoir to the American Philosophical Society," The new roof. By the honorable Francis Hopkinson, Esq. Proposals for an exchange of general Burgoyne, Ascribed to his excellency William Livingston, esquire.
Anecdotes. Anecdote of Dr. Franklin, of a New-England sea-captain, of general Forbes. Political Speculations.
Requisites for the preservation of good government, Observations on the constitution proposed by the late federal convention, Thoughts on the federal constitution, British state of politics, for May, 1788, Remarks on do. by a French gentleman of distinction at New-York, On British paragrphical puffs, Thoughts on the imprisonment of colonel Oswald.
Public Papers. Circular letter from the convention of the state of New-York, Plan of the Philadelphia dispensary for the medical relief of the poor.
American Oratory. Speech of his excellency — Huntington, Esq. governor of Connecticut, of the honorable Richard Law, Esq. chief-justice of the supreme court of that state, of the honorable Oliver Wolcott, Esq. lieutenant-governor of do. of Mr. Dillard, in the convention of South-Carolina, of Mr. Tweed, in do. of Mr. G. Livingston, in the convention of New-York, of an American quaker, on slavery.
Rural Concerns. An error pointed out in the culture of maiz, On the culture of potatoes, Observations on cheese-making, Advantages of carrots in fattening oxen, &c. On shearing lambs, Directions for making pot-ash from common ashes, for making peal-ash from do.
Ratifications of the New Constitution. By the state of New-Jersey, of Maryland, of South-Carolina, of New-Hampshire, of Virginia, of New-York.
Amendments to the New Constitution. Proposed by the state of South-Carolina, of New-Hampshire, of Virginia, of New-York.
Miscellanies. Comparison between certain French and American customs, Recommendation to establish free schools, Thoughts on the establishment of an economical association, Various anomalies in the English language, Of American recruits, Thoughts on the law prohibiting hogs to prowl the streets of Philadelphia, Biographical anecdotes of the late Anthony Benezet, Address delivered by the Rev. Samuel Magaw D. D. Statement of the various periods at which the new constitution has been ratified, Address to the printers of newspapers throughout the United States, Origin of the name of Vermont, Chronological memorandum.
On Spiritous Liquors. Observations on the evil consequences attending the use of spiritous liquors, Caution against rum, Various uses to which might be applied the money saved by declining the consumption of spiritous liquors.
Inscriptions. Inscription for a monument agreed to be erected by Congress, to perpetuate the memory of the assistance given by the king of France to the United States, Inscription of a treatise to general Washington, Papers elucidating the rise and progress of the late revolution. Letter from secretary Conway to lieutenant-governor Fauquier, Secretary Conway's circular letter to the governors in North-America, Votes of the house of representatives of Massachusetts,
Vote and agreement of the inhabitants of Wallingford, Resolutions of the sons of liberty in Wallingford, Agreement of the principal gentlemen of Philadelphia, Agreement of the principal inhabitants of New-York.
Poetry. On Dr. Franklin's shedding a tear, while signing the federal constitution, To the memory of general Lee, On the death of general Montgomery, A fair bargain, The Massachusetts convention, Hymn on the late peace, Masonic hymn, The fabric of freedom, Address to Britain and America, Union, our only hope, Song in praise of general Washington, The comforts of religion, An address, delivered by Mr. Hallam, Lampoon, by W. M. Smith, Esq. Monumental inscription, Res parva concordia crescent, A long in praise of human learning.
This Day is published, and to be Sold, By ROBERT HODGE, No. 237, the Corner of King & Queen-street, The Miscellaneous Works of PHILIP FRENEAU,
Containing his Essays and additional Poems. THIS second volume of our American Author, is replete with the highest sentimental entertainment. Humour, wit, and satire, flow in copious strains.—It requires only to be read to be admired. Such gentlemen, in this city and state, as honored this vol. with their subscriptions, will be pleased to send for it as soon as convenient.
THE MESSIAH, Attempted from the GERMAN of Mr. KLOPSTOCK.
TO those who are acquainted with the merits of this work, little need be said to recommend it.—It is calculated to inspire every pious, every virtuous sentiment:—to fill the mind with an awful reverence and love of the Great and incomprehensible GOD and FATHER of all; with the sublimest and most fervent gratitude to our gracious REDEEMER, and a perfect detestation and abhorrence of all vice. In a word, it claims the patronage of ALL who do not blush at owning themselves Christians, and at paying a humble obedience to the King of Kings.
This piece of religious and moral painting has obtained Mr. Klopstock the honor of being esteemed the Milton of Germany, and is considered as having compleated what that favorite son of the British muse had left unfinished.—The beauties of the Messiah equal Paradise Lost:—Paradise Regained, though far from being destitute of merit, is universally allowed to fall much below this work, and is acknowledged to be deficient in that unbounded invention, that beautiful machinery, and variety of characters, which distinguish the rigorous efforts of Mr. Klopstock's genius. The Messiah is formed upon an extensive and important plan, and includes the sufferings, death, and resurrection of Christ.
S E R M O N S. By the celebrated RICHARD PRICE, D. D. L. L. D. F. R. S.
The Triumphs of Temper; A Poem in six Cantos. By WILLIAM HALEY, Esquire. Dr. Gregory's Legacy to his Daughter. Dr. Doddridge's Rise and Progress of Religion. Sheridan's Rhetorical Grammar. The Charms of Melody.—A new Song Book. Tarver's Travels through the interior Parts of America. Economy of Human Life. Webster's American selection of Lessons, in reading and speaking. Webster's Institute, first and second Part. Pike's excellent system of Arithmetic. A few ets of Newton on the Prophecies. Edwards on the Affections. Do. History of Redemption, &c. &c.
Also, JUST IMPORTED, A number of very valuable B O O K S,
Consisting of HISTORY. Divinity, Law, Philosophy, Mathematics, Biography, Geography, Poetry, Surgery, Agriculture, Nautical Books, Dictionaries, Architecture, Novels, Miscellanies, Plays, &c. &c.
Just Published, At Thomas Greenleaf's Printing-Office, No. 25, Water-Street. A new, complete, and correct Edition of Baron Steuben's Regulations FOR THE Order and Discipline OF THE Troops of the United States.
—LETTERS of INTELLIGENCE—occasional PARAGRAPHS—speculative PIECES—ESSAYS, &c.—are gratefully received at this OFFICE.— For the greater CONVENIENCE and SAFETY of which COMMUNICATIONS, a LETTER BOX is placed in the Window. SUBSCRIPTIONS for this PAPER (printed Once a Week, at Two Dollars, per Annum) are also received here—and ADVERTISEMENTS, REASONABLY INSERTED. * * PRINTING, in all its Variety, Performed with NEATNESS and DISPATCH.