National gazette. (Philadelphia [Pa.]), 1793-05-25 00:00:00

National Gazette.
By P. FRENEAU: Published WEDNESDAYS and SATURDAYS, at THREE DOLLARS per annum.
NUMB. 60 of VOL. II.]
SATURDAY, May 25, 1793.
[Total No. 164.]
At a meeting of a number of Citizens of Pennsylvania, at the Prince of Wales Tavern, May 17th, 1793, convened for the purpose of taking into consideration the late unjust and arbitrary Law, by which a few wealthy men are incorporated and empowered to violate the Rights and Properties of their Fellow-Citizens, the following Resolutions were unanimously adopted, and directed to be published in the English and German Papers.—
RESOLVED.
1st. THAT it is the unalienable right of every citizen to be protected by the government in the full enjoyment of his life and property; and that it is the duty of every legal and just government to protect such rights.
2d. That in the opinion of this meeting, the late acts of the legislature, by which a few wealthy individuals are incorporated and empowered to violate the property of free citizens, by digging Canals and making Turnpike Roads, for the private advantage and emolument of such companies, are in the highest degree unjust and dangerous to the liberties of the people—unjust, because these laws violently take the property of useful citizens, and deliver it to wealthy incorporated companies without the consent of the proprietors—and dangerous, because these acts of incorporation embody the powerful and wealthy to infringe at any time the property of the private citizens.
Resolved 3d. That George Logan and Edward Heston, be a committee to draft an address to the citizens of Pennsylvania, agreeably to the foregoing resolution, and at the same time solicit district meetings in those parts of the state where the property of the citizens is immediately affected by these private incorporated companies, requesting such meetings to appoint committees to attend a general conference at the house of Nathan Levison, on the Ridge Road, on the 8th day of June, at one o'clock in the afternoon.
Signed by order of the Meeting.
GEORGE LOGAN, Chairman.
LEWIS JONES, Sec'y.
To the FREEMEN of PENNSYLVANIA.
Fellow-Citizens,
THE arbitrary and unjust power which has lately been assumed by the legislature in combining the wealthy, and giving them authority by acts of incorporation to violate your individual rights, demands your serious attention. Such proceedings should rouse you from your dangerous lethargy, and should engage you to form associations for the purpose of enquiring how far such proceedings are founded in justice, sound policy, or right. The great body of yeomen are particularly in erred in this inquiry, because the property of this class of citizens is devoted to become the principal object of plunder, although the nature of their occupation requires the steady protection of government, in order that by permanent improvements, their farms may become productive of the necessary support to their families, and of beneficial wealth to their country.
Whatever may be the pretext for investing private individuals with the public highway, and giving them power to violate the rights of their fellow citizens, the measure is unnecessary, impolitic, and unjust. The reason adduced in support of these unwarrantable and unprecedented laws, is, that they are intended for the public good, and therefore the legislature, invested with the supreme power of the people, had a right to sacrifice the private property of individual citizens to the necessities of the state. If the members of the corporations in favor of whom such laws have been made, are not totally devoid of honor and probity, they will themselves declare, that in these projects they are instigated by the sordid motive of private emolument, and not influenced by the benevolent principle of public good. Whilst therefore we pity the weakness of legislators who have suffered themselves to be misled by interested men, we contemplate with horror and indignation the artifices of those who influenced the measures.
The legislature, entrusted with the sovereign power of the people, to protect them, and to procure for them all the advantages of civil society, can only exercise the authority so acquired in protecting every individual citizen in the possession of his property, and in defending his person against violence and injury. Can then the duty of protecting the property of citizens
confer a right at any time to violate such property?
In contradistinction to these general and fundamental principles of civil society, Burlamaque observes, * that the sovereign has a right of making use of every thing the subject possesses, in order to answer the necessities of the state, and illustrates his idea of such necessity by declaring, that if a town is to be fortified, he may take the gardens, lands or houses of private subjects, situated in the place where the ramparts or ditches are to be raised. In sieges he may beat down houses and trees belonging to private persons, to the end that the enemy may not be sheltered by them, or the garrison incommoded. Judge Blackstone, a considerable law character in England, and considered in our own courts of justice of the first authority, observes, † that the third absolute right inherent in every Englishman, is that of property, which consists in the free use, enjoyment, and disposal of all his acquisitions, without any control or diminution, save only by the laws of the land, which laws therefore in point of honor and justice, are extremely watchful in ascertaining and protecting this right; and therefore, by a variety of ancient statutes, it is enacted, that no man shall be disinherited, nor put out of his franchises or freehold, unless he be duly brought to answer, and be forejudged by course of law. So great moreover is the regard of the law for private property, that it will not authorize the least violation of it, no not even for the general good of the whole community. If a new road, for instance, were to be made through the grounds of a private person, it might perhaps be extensively beneficial to the public; but the law permits no man or set of men to do this without the consent of the owner of the land. In vain may it be urged that the good of the individual ought to yield to that of the community; for it would be dangerous to allow any private man, or even any public tribunal to be judge of this common good and to decide whether it be expedient or no. Besides the public good is in nothing more essentially interested, than in the protection of every individual's private rights.
Not only an arbitrary assumption of power can confer no right of exercising a despotic power, but even the free and united consent of a people cannot legitimate acts of incorporation by which posterity is to be bound. It is absurd to say, that we can do no injury to a people consenting to the injury: nothing is more false than this maxim. A legislature overpowered by sedition, may be hurried into acts injurious to the rights of the people, but as soon as the wrong is discovered, it becomes the duty of the legislature to repeal such laws, not only on account of the substantial justice due to the present generation, but to posterity. A good citizen ought to transmit his property free to his children; he cannot with justice leave it subject to the rapacity of a combination of wealthy men. If we should even have the folly and madness to continue the acts of incorporation, and ourselves submit to the situation of slaves, having no property or improvements that we can call our own, we have no authority to render our posterity so, who will at any time have a right of removing the evil. It is said that it is now too late to oppose the turnpike and canal companies. If even for a moment we can stop the progress of injustice, or remove the oppression of power, it is our duty to do so. As far as the honor of the legislature is interested in the repeal of the laws complained of, we know that it is a maxim of despotism that its will ought never to be resisted, and that its authority ought never to recoil. Is it not more glorious to acknowledge an error than obstinately to persist in acts of injustice and oppression? Would not the state acquire more credit by repealing their hasty and unjust laws, than by continuing them in force, to the destruction of the property and rights of the citizens? Should they be thought sacred, and become precedents for similar laws, the farmer and the miller will be discouraged from making improvements, as their property will continually be at the mercy of combinations of wealthy men. For, however the laws of our country may subject such companies to redress injuries committed by them, yet
the inequality introduced by these combinations will always operate to the destruction of private citizens.
For the NATIONAL GAZETTE.
MR. EDITOR,
RUMINATING, the other evening, over the prominent features of the late war, and tracing in my mind the steps which led us to independence, I arrived at the period when the army was disbanded. I reflected on the injustice that ensued to the worn-out veteran, who had lent his services, and the patriotic citizen who had opened his purse to the country, upon its plighted faith. In this part of the retrospect, certain circumstances recurred, that harrowed up every feeling of my soul. I compared the merits of the soldier and the citizen creditor (I hope their forgiveness) with those of the speculating swarm, who became (it will not bear to be mentioned!) possessed of the property of the former. "Alas!" said I to myself, "cruel has been the lot of the American patriots.—Baser must be that system which robs the worthy to enrich the worthless!" Nature gave way—a languor pervaded my frame; and I sunk into a slumber on my chair. I found myself on the post road, between Philadelphia and New-York. By the road side, there stood a rude, but striking monument, erected by some friendly hand to the memory of some person, whose name delicacy had concealed. The inscription was cut in Roman capitals—I read it—and awoke, with emotions I cannot describe!
THE INSCRIPTION.
STOP, Traveller! And View this Tomb: It covers the TRUNK Of A VALIANT SOLDIER! Among the first in that glorious struggle for Liberty, which gave to his country Independence; He fought her battles.— He lived to see HER free; HIMSELF—maimed, miserable, dependent! This is his story:— In the desperate attack on Quebec, He fell covered with wounds, but his life was spared: At Saratoga he lost an eye; He was grievously wounded at Monmouth; At the storming of Stony-Point His intrepidity shone forth afresh. In this career of military exploits, He assisted at the siege of Charleston: There a cannon ball carried off an arm, And Disabled him from farther service in the line. Yet,
Such was the unconquerable spirit, such the patriotism of this Hero, (though emaciated by confinement in the loathsome hold of a prison-ship— tho' clothed in rags and pinched with poverty) That when the combined armies of Ame- rica and France Invested York-Town, He flew again to the field, Acting as a Volunteer in the trenches— Till a cruel shot at once deprived him of both legs, And
The means of future support.* To this hard fate, he was resigned—but not dispirited—Confiding in the justice of his country, Which he measured by the rectitude of his own heart: —But alas!— A scrap of worthless paper Was thought reward enough for such faith- ful, long, and painful services! To give a distressed family momentary support, To shelter a battered carcase from the Inclemency of the weather, This gallant veteran became A prey to the unfeeling speculator, A sacrifice to an ungrateful country— A corrupt, tho' infant government. Reader!
He died of a broken heart! The toils of war are past—life's ills are o'er, And want, and pain, and chagrin are no more.
* Here is a quaintness of expression which on any other occasion, might be thought inadmissible.
* Political Law, vol. 2. p. 211.
† Commentaries on the laws of Eng-
land, book I. c. 1.
‡ 5. Edw. III. c. 9.—25. Edw. III. p.
5. c. 4.—28. Edw. III. c. 3.
To the PRINTER of the NATIONAL GAZETTE.
HAVING seen a piece in your paper, number 161, signed HONESTUS, it has been deeply impressed on my mind to make the following few observations thereupon.
This writer (who, in charity, I suppose means well) cautioned us to beware of shewing too ostentatious marks of preference to Citizen Genet, on his arrival, lest we should give umbrage to the powers of Europe; and that "it is highly probable a change has taken place, and royal government re-established in France." I will not call in question the sincerity of Honestus's friendship for our government, but sure I am that his political creed is not adapted to the meridian of Pennsylvania, or suited to the relish of the citizen soldiers of 1776, many of whom are still in existence, and look back to the days of adversity, (still fresh in their memory) when America dared to establish a government on the basis of equal liberty, at a time a combination of enemies within, and the deluded vassals of Britain without, were actuated by all the elements of Hell (the natural element of courts and despotic governments) to destroy infant liberty and chain the mind of man as well as his body in perpetual slavery.
At that awful period, the government of France, influenced no doubt, by that unerring providence which directs the affairs of men, slept forward to our assistance with its fleets and armies, and rescued our afflicted cause from apparent destruction. Hence, GRATITUDE has become the principle of affection and friendship in every true American bosom, that nothing but death will extinguish! and if thus attached to France while under the despotic controul of a king, how much more so in her present struggle for liberty, when wading thro' seas of blood to establish a government similar to our own!
Should there be any Americans whose hearts have become callous to such impressions, they fall under the description of bastards and not legitimate children.
Think it not strange then, Honestus, if we manifested the feelings of our hearts, with all the spirit of liberty and gratitude, on the reception of Citizen GENET, the first minister from a free republic, whose sentiments vibrate with our own, and follow naturally as an effect from a cause.
But let us for a moment suppose, with Honestus, a royal government to be re-established in France. Its duration would be momentary; for the period is fast approaching (may it be even at the door) when king-craft, priest-craft, and every species of despotic-craft shall be banished the earth, agreeably to the promises of ancient days, from the unerring mouths of the holy prophets of the God of truth.
Paine, in his incomparable work, The Rights of Man, has spread the alarm thro' all Europe. Hence truth has sprung out of the earth, and a nation has been regenerated in a day. The trumpet is blown, and its sound has gone forth thro' all the earth. The governors of nations are angry, and the kings and the mighty men of the earth, who are of the earth, and nearly allied to the brutal part of the earthly creation; whose ideas never yet arose above the head, or around them, but for the absolute subjection or destruction of their species: They have collected their armed hosts from east, west, north, and south; and have come up against the camp of good and virtuous men to destroy the fair fabric of Freedom. But all their efforts will be vain, for the race is not to the swift, but depends alone on the great disposer of all events, who has determined the end and means to accomplish it. Wars and fightings must come, but there is a woe unto all those by whom they do come. They do not originate with the people, but from the kings and tyrants of the earth; who are already doomed to destruction, and must be buried in the general mass of ruin, preparatory to that peaceable reign which all good men look for and will certainly find in these latter ages of the world.
A Friend to Peace and Mankind. 20th of May, 1793.
FOREIGN ADVICES,
(By the last Packet.)
London, March 30. Official accounts are received from Russia, that the empress is to send ten ships of the line into the channel, as her quota against France, on condition they are not employed in the Medi-

terranean. Her excuse for not sending more is, the expediency of keeping fifteen ships of the line to watch the duke regent of Sweden. She has also notified the court of Venice, that instead of the stipulated quota of land force in men, she will send money; being in want of all her forces to watch the motions of the Swedes and Turks. Hence it would seem a design is formed of dismembering Sweden, and perhaps adding Constantinople to the possession of Russia.
The ministry here are about embodying a corps of emigrants, to be sent with arms and ammunition to excite insurrections in Brittany. The French, to prevent this despicable plot from succeeding, have stopped all communication with England. No English packets are suffered to land, but have been ordered peremptorily away, without permitting the mails to be received, or any passenger whatever to come on shore.
April 1. The king of Prussia has taken possession of Dantzic. The partition of Poland is not indeed avowed, but actually carrying into execution by those powers who have so repeatedly, solemnly and recently disclaimed any such intention. Thus while we are at war, to prevent the aggrandizement of France by violence and rapine, the very powers whose arms we are assisting, with whom it is possible we may be acting in concert, are openly aggrandizing themselves by the same injustice and rapine, which we are fighting to prevent.
The month of March has been a month of carnage. In the course of it, 30,000 human creatures have been swept by violence from the face of the earth; but as they perished by the fortune of war, the accounts of the conflicts in which they fell, of the plains covered by the dead, or of the hospitals crowded with the dying, of the air infected by the stench of maimed and mutilated bodies, and putrifying wounds, are perused by the most compassionate without horror, and by the most delicate without disgust!
April 4. Yesterday some dispatches were received at lord Grenville's office, Whitehall, from Ostend, which were sent off to his majesty at Windsor Lodge. The French forces, it now appears, have wholly evacuated their late conquests, and retired within their own territories. Gen. Dumourier is said to have gone to Paris.
The insurance for the West-Indies and America to London, is now done at fifteen guineas per cent. without covoy.
By a gentleman who was at Brussels on Monday the 25th March, we learn, that when the French army entered that city, after the battle with the Austrians, he was witness to a scene that was shocking to be a spectator of—the French army were cut and mangled in a most terrible manner; some with their ears, noses, cheeks, and arms wounded; and in short, Brussels was similar to a hospital—Dumourier appeared very much dejected and the day following quit Brussels. The Austrians are on the frontiers of France, and at this time have not less than 50,000 of cavalry.
To citizen GENET Minister plenipotentiary from the elective Government of France to the United States of America.
SIR,
Permit me to offer for your acceptance the congratulations of a heart devoted to your cause, on your arrival among us, & my best wishes that the object of your mission may be accomplished in its fullest latitude, and that every benignant spirit may smile propitious upon every private as well as public endeavour. In these joys and these wishes, I will candidly confess I am not wholly free from self interest; for I consider your appearance among us, from the effects which have already appeared, as the fabled basilisk giving death to an aristocratical hydra by the mere coup d'oeil. Great were the efforts to communicate to the people the insensibility to your cause which hung in icicles around the hearts of a certain description of men among us; but the feelings of a virtuous gratitude were not to be obliterated by the laboured artifices of the enemies to equality; the people of America were still animated with the quickening principle of liberty, if it would expand itself when a proper object offered for its embrace. Such, sir, have you appeared to them, and you have already interested their affections as much as if you were the pedestal of their happiness. The frozen maxims of courtiers have not yet chilled the honest sentiments of the enlightened citizens of the United States; they have rejected with scorn the attempts to engraft upon their national character, a stigma more opprobrious than punic faith; under these impressions well might they rejoice on your arrival, well might they hail you as the welcome messenger of their affections. America is indebted to France for her present portion of liberty; nay more, she must look up to her for its preservation; for so incorporate is their fate that they must rise or set together. If the oak is prostrated by the blast, the ivy which has entwined itself around it, must participate in the ruin. Should France be subjugated by the confederated tyrants, woe unto America—for if a direct attack should not be made by them upon her liberties, the seductive
power of corruption may make them pass away like a meteor. There can be doubt to any one conversant in the affairs of this country, that we have characters among us who wish to abridge the freedom of the people, to swell their own importance.—Should therefore the intrigues of European monarchs, and the persuasion of their gold be added to the influence and intimations of those characters, it would require a sterner virtue than we appear to possess to guard us against the evil. But if we are allowed to reason from what we know, the slow operation of poison will not be used, when the fillet can be employed with more speedy effect. The motive which produced a combination against France must operate to our destruction; for as long as liberty has a lurking place, tyrants will hunt it out—for as long as it has a being, they hold their sceptres with a trembling hand. Should, alas! France be the victim of tyranny, America will not have a friend on whom she can cast herself for protection; she will have no shield but her own virtue, no strength but her own arm to ward off the merciless blow of despotism. These reflections justify me in repeating, that the United States must look up to France for the perpetration of her liberty.
In another view, Sir, I felicitate my country on your arrival among us—False reasonings upon things have begotten a disposition for distinction, and some who were exalted to be the representatives of the sovereignty of the people, began to believe that they were the SOVEREIGN themselves. The gorgeous trappings of monarchy have been substituted for dignified republican simplicity, and to be an officer of government already constituted a separate privilege; for altho' the title of nobility was not annexed to it, the exclusive privilege which it gave, instituted a rank above the people. You, sir, appear not only to have laid aside the semblance of superiority but to wish no other reality but what republican virtue and simplicity bestows, and a zealous interest and exertion in the cause of your country inspire. As example is more powerful than precept, in this way you will be a powerful auxiliary in the cause of equality.
A dangerous supineness had already infected us, when the flame of liberty was reflected from your republic and rewarmed us with its heat. The citizens of America had almost forgotten that freemen should be like vestal, keep pious and unceasing vigils over the sacred lamp of liberty; but they have started from their slumbers, and scent the refreshing gales of freedom. How great are our obligations to the French nation!
Although internal as well as external enemies, seek to destroy your country, I trust the fair plant of liberty will be cherished by the hand of heaven, and that it will bloom and diffuse its fragrance through the world in spite of opposing tyrants.
MIRABEAU.
May 23, 1793.
ODE—A LA LIBERTE.
TOI, dont l'auguste lumiere Si long tems avait fui nos yeux! Toi, jadis l'idole premiere De mes invincibles vœux, LIBERTE, qu'un tyran sauvage, A l'instant meme qu'il t'outrage Honore par des vœux secrets; A mes accens prete l'oreille, Aujourd'hui ma muse reveille L'Antique lutte des vieux Français.
Avant que ma voix obeisse Au transport qui saisit mes sens, Montre moi d'esse propice Un temple digne de mes chants. Mon œil a parcouru la terre J'y trouve a peine la poussiere D'un dome a ton nom consacre, Un tyran siege aux Thermopyles Et sous les chaines les plus viles Le capitole est encombre.
Vingt siecles de honte et de chaines Ont pesé sur ces lieux divins; C'est nous qui de Rome et de l'Athenes Refusciterons les destins. Français, soyons seuls notre exemple Qu'a ma voix on eleve un temple Ou tous les peuples a jamais Depouillant des haines sauvages Viennent de palmes et d'homages Couronner les heros Français.
Devant ce Pantheon sublime Brisez ces palais infames De nos opprobres et du crime Honteux et cruels monumens. Au pied de ses nobles portiques Plantez ces bonnets Helvetiques Devenus la terreur des rois; Et sur l'antel de la patrie Gravez l'honorable effigie Des martyrs sacres de nos droits.
Vous m'entendez, manes augustes De Thrasybule et de Brutus! Les Destins trop long tems injustes Couronnent enfin vos vertus— Paraissez, ombres adorees Venez de vos fetes sacrees Remplir les sublimes concerts Deja ma lyre transportee
Rivale des chants de Tyrtee De ses sons etonne les airs.
C'est par toi que l'hymne commence Maître supreme, etre eternal! Toi qui fis de l'independance Le premier besoin du mortel: Long tems l'ignorance et l'audace Couvrirent ton auguste face. Du masque impur de leurs forfaits Un seul combat, une victoire Venge nos droits et rend ta gloire Plus eclatante que jamais.
Mais quels cris viennent de nos fetes Troubler les chœurs majestueux? Quel demon porte sur nos tetes La nuit, le tonnerre, et les feux? Verrons nous des hordes sauvages Inonder encore nos rivages, Des torrens du Septentrion Et pour venger une autre Helene Toute la force Europeenne Investit une autre Ilion.
C'étoient ces bandes homicides Dont le sang verse tant de fois De mes antetres intrépides Atteste encore les exploits— Fiers Saxons, Hongres sanguinaires Esclaves jadis de mes peres Craignez leurs braves descendans Rentre en vos cavernes sombres Ou craignez d'avertir leurs ombres Des revoltes de vos enfans.
Une Tisiphone egaree Teinte encore du sang d'un epoux Avec le Danube et la Spree S'unir et l'arme contre nous A ces despotes sanguinaires: Français, volez sur vos frontieres Creuser un eternel tombeau: On craignez pour votre patrie, Et l'opprobre de Warsovie Et les horreurs d'Ismailon.
Et vous qu'au fort de ses conquêtes Rome craignit pour ses remparts Peuples dont les augustes tetes S'indignent du joug des Cesars, Scythes aux fers inaccessibles Fiers Germains, Teutons invincibles, Voyez vos laches descendans D'une main vile et sanguinaire Sur les bienfaiteurs de la terre Lancer la foudre des tyrans.
Ainsi, par des faits heroiques Rome allarmant tous ses voisins Vit tous les peuples Italiques Vendre leurs bras a ses Tarquins. Sur ses frontieres invariables Avec cent hordes ennemis La France voit vingt Porrennas: Contre tant de libéricides Nos phalanges tyrannicides Vomiront mille Scevolas.
O Rome! tu leguas ta gloire Aux peuples faits pour l'imiter! C'est nous Français que la victoire Au meme fait veut porter! O France, O ma chere patrie! Puisse je au printems de ma vie Te voir les despotes soumis: Et que par toi l'univers libre De l'Amazone jusqu'au Tibre N'offre que des peuples amis!
[A Translation in our next.]
PHILADELPHIA.
SATURDAY, MAY 25.
On Saturday last a republican dinner was given at Oellers's Hotel to citizen Genet, by a respectable number of French, and French American citizens. The minister and his family were present, also citizens Ternant and Lafare, the latter of whom presided, the captain and officers of the frigate L'Ambuscade, &c. The company consisted of about 100 citizens, met in this convivial manner to welcome the first citizen minister of the only European elective Government. After dinner a number of patriotic and republican toasts were drank of which the following is a translation. 1. "Liberty and equality." 2. The French republic. 3. The United States. 4. The National Convention. 5. The Congress of the United States. 6. The state of Pennsylvania and the city of Philadelphia. 7. The valiant defenders of French liberty by sea and land. 8. The memory of those heroes who have fallen in the cause of American Independence. 9. The virtuous Washington: May Heaven grant to France and to the United States many citizens that resemble him. 10. Union and perpetual fraternity between the people of France and the United States. 11. The arm of a Hercules to those who combat the hydra of despotism. 12. May the next generation know despotism from history only. 14. The years 1776 and 1792. 15. May all heads soon be under one cap, that of liberty.—After the third toast, an elegant ode (see second page of this paper) suited to the occasion, and composed by citizen PICHON, a young Frenchman of promising abilities, was read by citizen Du Ponceau, and universally applauded. The society, on motion, ordered that citizen Freneau should be requested to translate it into English verse, and that the original and translation
should be published. The society also unanimously voted that citizen Pichon should be recommended to the notice of the minister. After a short interval the Marseillaise hymn was sung, at the request of the society by citizen Bourdonville, with great taste and spirit; the whole company joined in the chorus. Two additional stanzas composed by citizen Genet, and suited to the navy of France, were then called for, sung, and encored.—It should be mentioned, that previous to the singing of this animating hymn, a deputation from the sailors of the frigate L'Ambuscade made their appearance, were received with cordial embraces, and took their seats among their fellow citizens. Citizen Genet, at the request of the society, gave them a song replete with truly patriotic and republican sentiments, and well adapted to the occasion, which he sung with great energy and judgment. (The original and translation of this song will be given in a future paper) The table was decorated with the tree and cap of liberty, and the French and American flags. The last toast being drank the cap of liberty was placed on the head of citizen Genet, and then travelled from head to head round the table, each wearer enlivening the scene with a patriotic sentiment. These tokens of liberty, and American and French fraternity, were delivered to the officers and mariners of the frigate L'Ambuscade, who promised to defend them till death. The company then left the hotel, at an early hour in the evening, and accompanied citizen GENET to the city tavern, amidst the acclamations of a very large concourse of citizens, whose repeated huzzas were answered by shouts of, God save the United States! —(During the entertainment a volunteer toast was given "Liberty and success to the Dutch patriots."—with the following lines by a patriot of that nation in this city:
Generaux freres de la republique Amis des Bataves patriotiques, La Patrie nous est toujours chere, Ecrasez nos traîtres par le feu et le fer; Donnez nous un WASHINGTON par terre; Nous te rendrons un De Ruyter sur la mer!—]
Extract of a letter from Mason county, Kentucky, April 7. 1793.
"Within this month past there have been four companies defeated, in the wilderness and about thirty people killed, amongst whom the post-rider unfortunately fell, the Indians seem disposed for war on all our frontiers—a station was on the night of the first inst. attacked by a large number of savages, and burnt to ashes, eighteen persons taken in all, including women and children, besides three killed on the spot."
It is worthy of observation, that those persons who vindicate the British nation in commencing war against France, are quietly for submitting to have the English hold our frontier, contrary to express treaty . Whereas the only plausible plea for England is that "the government of France have violated existing treaties, by attempting to deprive the United Provinces of Holland, of the exclusive navigation of the Scheldt." If this is a just cause of war on the part of England, what can be said to our suffering the English to violate existing treaties between the United States, in holding our frontier posts? If England can be justified by these persons, in going to war with France, for violating this treaty, how can these same persons oppose our demanding an immediate surrender of those posts, agreeable to "an existing treaty?"—If war is just on one side, for the fulfilment of treaties, surely a demand on the other must be much more reasonable! [ Independent Chron. ]
Mere vague reports of French distress, French defeats, counter-revolutions, &c. may answer in England, but in America we have such recent proofs of the measures taken by the British ministry, and their emissaries, to propagate falsehoods, that they are viewed here as the laiteffort of a weak, expiring opposition. We know that Mein and Fleming, Draper, Rivington, &c. were employed to print every kind of abuse against our revolution; but their weekly publications were known to be the ebullitions of oratories, headed by their noted champion Massachusettensis. At that time these paragraphs were retailed in the court prints in England, as the real state of affairs in America. The fracas between Mein, and our late worthy patriot Capt. Dashiwood, it is probable was at the time, held forth in their prints, as the formidable encounter of a body of counter-revolutionists. Mein, it is true, got wounded in the head, but whether the "lower part of his belly" was injured in this engagement, is not thoroughly ascertained; though it was thought that Venus was more formidable than Mars as to his personal complaint or danger.
It is our misfortune to have among us now, the same kind of persons as when we were at war with the British. They are actuated by the same unfriendly principles; they are enemies of liberty, and ever wish to frustrate all measures that tend to establish it. These people can always find printers for their purpose, and the venal press under their patronage, is constantly issuing its misrepresentations and falsehoods.
But the virtuous American who feels for the rights and liberties of mankind; who

is not led by the paltry motives of quarter-ly payments; bank scrip, &c. cannot but implore the blessings of Heaven on the ef-forts of a nation, in their struggles against the tyrants of Europe, who have leagued to annihilate every vestige of freedom, and the rights of society from the face of the earth. America will soon become the object of these despots; and as we re-gard our own liberty, and the peace, safe-ty and independence of our country, it is our duty earnestly to pray for the success of France. [Independ. Chron.]
[From a Virginia paper of May 5.] The report of the American Am-bas-sador being killed at Paris by the people, is a circumstance that has been used by the enemies of French freedom, as much as possible, to excite an odium against that regenerated people. Whether Mr. Morris is, or is not put to death, I cannot deter-mine, but if it be so, 'tis not so much matter of surprise that he is killed, as that the peo-ple had not done so six months ago. Ever since he has been at that court, his opin-ions have been known to favour the old principles of monarchy—he has associated with suspicious or detected characters—he has been generally marked as he passed in the streets with the designation of aristo-crata , which in France is synonymous with traitor; he has condemned without reserve, the dethronement of the kings, used contu-melious language of the leading republican characters, and with a forwardness and im-pertinence, peculiar to himself, would in-vestigate and pass a contumelious negative on every republican measure, while pend-ing on debate, nay so far did he carry his violence and publicity of opinion, that he did not accompany his countrymen to dis-charge the last rites and respect to the remains of the brave, the unequal'd PAUL JONES giving as a reason, that he had engaged company to dine with him, who by the bye were, like him, enemies to those who had promoted the emancipation of man from the shackles of tyranny—to these facts let us add, that a mighty nation is convulsed; liberty is the general object—they have in-ternal enemies who plot their destruction; external foes who have waged a general war—their tribunals not yet organized—their king a traitor, condemned, and exe-cuted—a king too whom a little while ago they loved with enthusiastic idolatry—and we could not have been astonished if Mr. Morris had been killed, but rather that he was suffered so long under the protection of an American diploma, to triumph in auexampled folly and impertinence—If he be in reality no more, 'tis hoped that our government will direct the choice of his successor to one who is a friend to LIBER-TY AND TO MAN."
[From the Charleston city Gazette.] Part of a speech intended to have been de-livered by a gentleman from the country, late an officer in the American army. "WHO can tell what part America will take in the war?—If she can, I hope she will assist the French; and if she can-not, the republic of France will have my best wishes for success. I glory in declar-ing that I have in my veins French blood, being a descendant of a persecuted and banished Protestant, during the reign of the cruel tyrant and king, Louis XVI."
"I stand forth this day to declare my-self an enemy to the machinations of in-triguing men, who may be emissaries of the British court to effect certain purposes in America, and who would make of free republics, tyrannical aristocracies; and of freemen, slaves."
"I have assisted, with the sweat of my brow and with my blood, to obtain Amer-ican independence. I have fought, with the French, the enemies of America; and I shall teach my children to lip, with grate-ful hearts, praises to their friends and de-liverers from British tyranny and oppressi-on."
"Poverty shall never humble me in my political principles, and were I forced to wear ozanaburgs and follow the plough, still would I declare my political sentiments, love my country, glory in serving her, and in being grateful to the French."
"Native Americans, prize and support your darling government, and suffer not yourselves to be overshadowed by exotics."
"Frenchmen, pursue your glorious ob-ject—spare neither your blood nor your treasures, and you will be free."
A trader of veracity lately arrived from Georgia, and whose excursions on the confines of the territory of the United States, were extensive, informs, that the depredations of the savages have been un-usually bold; that a number of white peo-ple are more dangerous than the Indians, and that the Creeks were lately joined by some tribes of Northern Indians, which must prove a stimulus to more open and outrageous operations. A frigate with several other armed ves-sels and a number of transports with troops on board, sailed from Halifax the 8th of May on a secret expedition. The Governor of Virginia issued a pro-clamation on the 14th of May, similar to that of the President of the United States, commanding all persons in the jurisdiction of that state to observe the strictest neutrali-ty towards the European belligerent powers.
Since our last, an extract of a letter, said to be from New-York, has been pub-lished in the daily papers of this city. The intelligence it conveys is asserted to have come in a vessel from Caiais to New-Lon-don in 27 days—"That Gen. Dumourier, on the 6th of April, by an astonishing ma-noeuvre, surrounded ten thousand of the dower of the Prussian army, and cut them to pieces to a man; the king of Prussia and the duke of Brunswick, among the slain." None of the last New-York or Eastern pa-pers mentioning a word in confirmation of this news, it may be concluded to be with-out foundation. From what intelligence has this week come to hand; from other quarters, it appears too certain that Dumourier had quitted his army, and gone over to the combined powers. That the soldiers, however, remained firm to the national cause, not a man having quit his standards. We forbear adding any conjec-tures on the causes that may have induced a General hitherto esteemed an inexora-ble republican, to observe such a conduct. In our next it is hoped it will be better in our power to give an authentic detail of matters, in regard to which at present we have very little more than hearsay, rumour, and fabrication.
The English government, jealous of see-ing the miserable Irish leaving their land of slavery, for the more eligible forests of America, has put a stop to the emigration of redemptioners, more particularly from the North of Ireland. None, therefore, but persons of property, who may be able to advance the passage money for them-selves and families, can attempt coming to the United States; and even those find an almost insurmountable difficulty, in dispo-sing of their property: so that the people of Ireland seem to be in a manner com-pletely imprisoned, and obliged to remain under their present yoke.
This, however, they do not so much complain of, as that of being disarmed. Tho' this has not yet been complied with by the Northern Volunteers.
The gun-powder act obliges every man to have a licence before he can purchase a charge of gun-powder, and he must not have more than a certain quantity in his habitation. This operates in two ways; first, as a tax by the sums paid for those li-cences; and secondly, by affording to go-vernment an opportunity of searching peo-ple's houses.
In Scotland and in the North of Ireland, there are a great portion of the people, who have declared their entire disappro-bation of monarchical government.
A writer in the Daily Advertiser of Wed-nesday proposes, as the best means of pu-nishing the Indians, and inclining them to a peace, to fix convenient stations at pro-per distances from Presqu'ile to the Great Miami, to be occupied by regular troops: all friendly Indians to be invited within the line of these stations, and there to be as-sisted in providing for subsistence: that all expert huntsmen and woodsmen shall be invited by a reward of 50l. for every Indian scalp that should be brought in, without regard to age or sex, and to have no other compensation for their services. This method he esteems the only effectual one to check the progress of indian insolence and cruelty.
On Thursday next (the 30th instant) Mr. Blanchard proposes to exhibit at Mr. Rick-ett's Circus in this city, an experiment in natural philosophy, with a parachute, or fal-ling screen, by means of which a person may descend from any height to the ground, without injury. This experiment, in America, will take place on the day above mentioned be-tween 5 and 6 in the afternoon; if the weather should be rainy, or the wind too high, the experiment will be deferred to the next day at the same hour.
A writer in the General Advertiser of Thursday, who signs himself A Citizen , makes the following reflections on the late conduct of some British sailors in this city:—"It would not in the least surprise me if some of the English sailors in this city should lose their lives, on account of their insolence and ill treatment to French sail-ors. The evening before last, a French sailor was walking peaceably along Front street, and was unprovokedly knocked down by four English sailors who were provided with clubs for that purpose. Had it not been for the timely interposition of some citizens, he would either have been killed or maimed, as they vowed a horrid vengeance upon every "D-d scoundrel who wore a National Cockade."
Unless some steps are taken by govern-ment to afford protection to our friends the French, I am apprehensive serious consequences will ensue; for either the French will revenge themselves, or their friends among us will take signal vengeance on such infamous banditti. We are no longer under a British tyranny, where quiet people are at the mercy of their sa-vage crew, but an independent republic, that must feel itself insulted by every such daring outrage upon its laws.—This is the second instance of ill treatment to the French sailors that has fallen within my own knowledge, and I hope such steps will be taken as to make it the last. I never met with more peaceable men than the French sailors in this city, and I am con-
vinced no disturbance would ever happen were it not for the swaggering insolence and brutality of the British tars."
Certain accounts are now received of the capture of the French island Tobago by the British forces from Grenada. The garri-son having refused to capitulate on sum-mons, the fort in which the whole defence of the island lay, was carried by storm, with some loss of men. Admiral Gardner's fleet had arrived at Barbadoes; and it was generally believed that the French fleet had arrived at Martinico.
Extract of a letter from a merchant in the island of Grenada, to his correspondent in this town, May 2.
"The British fleet under the command of Admiral Gardner, has arrived at Bar-badoes, and commodore Thompson, with two ships of the line, and a number of fri-gates, transports, &c. having on board 3 or 4000 troops, are momentarily expected at that island, which will make the British force in the West-Indies amount to 14 ships of the line, as many frigates, and eight or ten thousand regular troops.—The cap-ture of the French islands may therefore be shortly expected."
Department of State, to wit. I hereby certify all whom it may concern that I have received an official commu-nication of the form adopted for letters of marque by the French republic of which form the following is a translation. Given under my hand and seal of office this 24th day of May 1763. Th. Jefferson.
LIBERTY EQUALITY. In the name of the French Republic. The provisional executive council of the French Republic permits by these pre-sents to arm and fit out for war a called the burthen tons, or thereabouts, actually belonging to the port of with such number of guns, bullets, quantity of powder, lead and other war-like stores and provisions as he shall judge necessary to defend himself against pirates, robbers, rovers and generally a-gainst all the enemies of the French Republic, in what place soever he may meet with them, to take and conduct them prisoners with their ships, arms, and other matters of which they may be posses-sed: provided, by the said that he go-vern himself according to marine regu-lations and ordinances of the representa-tives of the French people, particularly the fourth article of the decree of January 31, respecting the number of men necessary to make up his crew, and to cause these pre-sent Letters of Marque to be registered in the Bureau des Classes at the place from which he shall sail, and to deposit there a list, signed and certified by himself, with the names, surnames, age, place of birth and abode of the people of his crew; and upon his return, to make report before an officer employed in the administration of the classes, of whatever may have happen-ed during his voyage.
The provisional executive council re-quests all people, friends and allies of the French republic, and their agents to render to the said every assistance, the free passing and repassing in their ports, with his said vessel and the prizes he may have made, hereby granting the same permission in si-milar cases. It is recommended and en-joined to the commanders of public vessels to suffer the said to pass freely with his vessel and those he may have taken from the enemy, and to render him every suc-cour and assistance.
These presents not to be in force but for months only, reckoning from the date of their being recorded.
In faith whereof the provisional exe-cutive council of the republic has caused these letters to be signed by the minister of marine, and the seal of the republic to be thereunto affixed.
Given at Paris the day of one thousand seven hundred and and year of the French republic. (Signed,) M O N Y. By the minister of marine, (Signed,) C O T T R A N. (Seal.) Except this, no form is valid.
Letters from the windward islands say, that the British islands of St. Kitts, Gre-nada, and Antigua are open for the im-portation of lumber and provision in Amer-ican vessels.
The British frigate Andromeda, of 32 guns, is cruising on this coast, directly from England. The Winchelsea is also said to be cruising in the American seas.
Extract of a letter from Gibraltar. "Since the commencement of hostilities against France, our small squadron station-ed here, have captured 15 French ships; eight of them with valuable cargoes of su-gar, coffee, cotton and indigo, from the islands, some with wines and brandy for the northern ports, and others with assorted cargoes from Marseilles, bound to the West Indies."
"We soon expect here a considerable squadron of British, Dutch and Russian ships of war; these are to be joined by about 20 ships of the line from Spain, that
are ready at Carthagena, which will make a very formidable fleet; what their in-tentions are, time will discover, some great enterprize must be in agitation. The French have failed in their expedition a-gainst the island of Sardinia, and met with considerable loss, their squadron has reti-red to Toulon, where we imagine they will remain during the war."
A correspondent requests the publication of the following simple Recipe to cure can-cers, which he pronounces effectual from his own experience, as well as some hundreds of others.
"TAKE a bushel of red oak bark, and burn it to ashes: take the ashes and boil them in three gallons of water, until the water is reduced to one gallon; then strain it, and boil it again till it is reduced to a thick substance similar to butter-milk, or cream; then spread a plaster of it on silk or lint, and renew the plaster once in two hours until the roots of the cancer are well cured. It will sometimes take four, and sometimes six plasters; but don't be dis-couraged if it should take twelve."
Department of State, to wit. OFFICIAL information has been re-ceived that the municipality officers of the city of Dunkirk have withdrawn the Buoy which marked the entrance into the road of that harbour, notice thereof is hereby given to all masters of vessels of the United States, mariners and others whom it may concern. Given under my hand this 24th day of May 1793. Th. Jefferson.
READING HOWELL, To the citizens of Pennsylvania.
HE has now the pleasure of presenting not only to them but to the world at large his Map, the constant labour of six years, during which time he exerted his abilities, sparing nei-ther money nor labour in bringing it to its pre-sent perfection. Not having the assistance of a preceding map founded on authentic documents, he was obliged to compile it from detached sur-veys collected from the one to the other extreme of the State at a very heavy expence. yet fun-dry small parts of the map remain blank for want of materials, which he intends completing as they can be procured. He presumes that the work is as correct, if not more so, for the same extent of country, than any map heretofore pro-duced, even in the oldest countries; this howe-ver he is willing to submit to their impartial judgement; well knowing that the nature of the work does not admit of absolute perfection. What errors it may contain he wishes to be in-formed of, in order for their correction on the plates.
He has also for sale his small maps of Penn-sylvania to which he has lately added the county lines, surveyors districts as they are at present, post road to the Genesee country, &c. &c.
Maps of the State of Jersey done since the re-volution.
Maps of the world in sets, of the best impressi-on.—Do. of the city of London, &c. &c.
Which maps, as well as well as many others he puts on linen; colours the respective divisions, varnishes, and mounts on rollers or frames, and cuts and folds them for pocket carriage in a little equally elegant, if not exceeding those done in London; of which he has specimens. North fifth street No. 88.
3t February the 1st. 1793.
INTIMATION Respecting James Fairweather, sometime in the fourth brigade of British artillery.
DAVID FAIRWEATHER, late seaman in the Pleasance of Edinburgh, North Bri-tain, having died in the month of November last, the aforesaid James Fairweather, his only son, succeeds to his father's heritable and personal es-tate, which is considerable. His relations are anxious if he be alive, that he should immediately return to Edinburgh, and on applying to Mr. William Whyte, writer, in Charles street, Edin-burgh, he will be put in possession of his father's estate. The aforesaid James Fairweather, it is believed, was left at New-York, in North Amer-ica when the British army evacuated that city. It is requested that any person who has seen or heard of him since, or knows of his present resi-dence, or of his death, will transmit any intelli-gence concerning him to Mr. Robert Camp-bell, bookseller in Philadelphia, or Mr. Samuel Camp-bell, bookseller, in New-York. Any shipmaster or other person, who will bring the said James Fairweather to Britain, or advance him money for that purpose, will be repaid by Messrs. Campbell, or Mr. Whyte. If the said James Fairweather be dead, his children if he left any, are entitled to the aforesaid succession, on proving their proinquity. May 4. 3t
Journeymen Saddlers WANTED,
BY the Society of Master Saddlers of the city of Philadelphia—Fifteen or twenty work-men of the above profession, wilmeet with constant employment and generous wages, by applying to WILLIAM JONES, Secretary to the society, at No. 3, South Front-street. April 24. 2aw 6c
STRAY MARE.
CAME to the plantation of William William son, late of Little Britain township, Lan-aster county, on the 10th day of last April, a small Bay Mare, a natural trotter, about 13 hands high; the was then advertised and since appraised. The owner is once more desired to come, prove property, pay charges, and take her away, other-wise she will be sold in two months from the te, by MARGARET WILLIAMS ON.s Madarch 25, 1793. 3t 2aw

SECOND TRIAL OF LOUIS CAPET.
[Translated from a St. Domingo Paper of April 9.]
THE shores of the river Acheron were lately covered with an immense number of dead, who asked a passage across; and Charon, fatigued with labour, was by no means in a good humour with his passengers. Every one would go over first, and the boatman, to avoid giving umbrage, determined to shew a preference to merit only. An old grenadier first appeared, and insisted on passing over immediately, because he lost his life in the attack on the Bastille. This circumstance gained him instant admission. Desfilles related the affair at Nancy, and Charon received him also; and it will be readily conjectured that the victims of the 10th of August, were not mortified with a refusal. While Charon was receiving all these brave fellows on board, he observed a fat man, shorter by the head at least than the others, who looked very sour at the recital of the actions of those who had first passed. As there now remained to be carried over only a few priests and macaroni's, Charon gave him leave to step in without further examination, and without knowing him. During the passage he enquired, but could not learn whether he had been a citizen, a priest, or a nobleman. The ghost seeing Charon much embarrassed, thus addressed him, in a melancholy tone of voice. "You seem anxious to know who I am—learn then, that in times past I have made laws, and afterwards caused them to be executed, but was at last executed myself." How! (said Charon) was you the last king of the French? Ghost—Undoubtedly—and sacrificed to a faction of whom my dear relation is the head. Charon—Say rather, that you fell a sacrifice to your own treachery and the intrigues of your brothers; for, why were you not true to the oath you took, when you accepted the constitution? Why was the civil list revenue expended at Coblenz and at several other places, and indeed wherever the rebels could be found, who were all noblesse and your friends, notwithstanding the constitution you had sworn to maintain? Ghost—I always bore an excellent character; I thought my people had need of being governed, not having capacity to govern themselves. I saw a great number of my dear friends in Germany, who were daily risking their lives in my service. I could not otherwise than make them some compensation, and the civil list revenue was all I could get at for the purpose. This was all I had to offer them. In my situation, every man would have done the same thing. My only concern now is, that my people are not happy, and will not recognize my good intentions.—Charon—Rather be concerned for yourself and those of your description on earth. You are soon to appear at the judgment seat of Minos, that inexorable judge, who has no more partiality for kings than for the meanest of the people. Ghost—What! do you suppose then that Minos is commissioned with power to judge one of the most powerful monarchs that ever lived on earth? Charon—How! do you who have but just quitted the country of liberty and equality, you who are nothing but dust and ashes, do you still retain the pride of your former court, and the insolent spirit of your brother royalists? Lay aside such impudence, which will not be borne with at the bar of Minos, and please to recollect that Fortune in placing you for a moment at the head of a great empire, did not thereby destroy, and never will destroy that first law of nature, Equality. Ghost—Does Minos make use of Lettres de cachet? Charon—What do you mean by that word? Ghost—It is a most convenient contrivance to extend the power of the sovereign and shut-up the mouths of those who are bold enough to publish the weaknesses of great men. By means of a Lettre de cachet a prince can shut up forever from society any of his subjects that are so unfortunate as to offend him. Charon—In this country we have a much more equitable law, the law of retaliation (here the dead man gave a dismal grin: Charon then set him ashore, bidding him be of good courage, first asking him to pay his passage. The ghost gave him an assnignat, or national note) Charon—Hah! what is this? do you think I am to be put off with the scrap of an old balla? Ghost—Why, this is good, fair paper money, such as circulates
through my whole kingdom. Charon—How can it be that France, reputed so fine a country, so rich, and its people so industrious; how is it possible that she can pay her debts with such paper rags as this! Ghost—France has been compelled to it, ever since my wife (Antoinette) to indulge her whims and assist her family, engrossed all the coin in the kingdom. Charon—What a set of devils! a fine family indeed! Come! you must find some way to pay me in hard money. Ghost—It is impossible—but stop—I have a little gold box containing the relics of the blessed St. Labre. It was given me by my confessor, but I must now make use of it to pay my passage. [Here the boatman took the box, threw the relics upon the ground, and shewing Louis Capet the road, wished him a pleasant journey.] [The remainder in our next.]
PHILADELPHIA, May 25.
M. Mangourit, French Consul at Charleston, gave public notice in the Charleston papers of April 30, that from the repeated insults offered to the French citizens in that place by the English sailors, they have resolved to walk no longer thro' the streets of that city, without proper weapons to chastise the insults of the British ruffians.
(From the Charleston City Gazette.)
"IT is roundly asserted, that because the French are allowed to sit out privateers from this port, in order to cruise against their enemies, that we shall be involved in a war, and with whom? With Great Britain! First let me ask what are the French to us? Allies by the bonds of mutual friendship and congenial sentiment—what are the British to us as a nation? Nothing, but to some individuals, all in all. With the French nation we have a treaty of alliance sealed with the blood of each party; a treaty which they made with us when we were distressed by Britain, and by which we completed the work of our independence; gratitude therefore, without this treaty, would compel every American to love the French nation, and to prefer their friendship before all others. I have somewhat digressed, therefore to return to the dreadful apprehensions—"Privateers are not only fitted out of this port, but Americans are concerned therein; hence it will follow that Great Britain will consider it as a commencement of hostilities, and will avenge the insult by declaring war against America." Such are the apprehensions of some, who therefore have thought it requisite to call the citizens together, to take necessary steps for the salvation of poor America.—Now, first, we will admit it to be a fact, that the privateer, Citizen Genet, is partly owned by Americans, nay, that her crew is partly Americans. Is not her captain French? Is she not commissioned by the French Republic? Will she not fight and capture prizes under the national flag? Surely none will deny this, and the right of its being so; but because I, who am an American, chuse to attach myself to the French, and they have made war against England, must it follow that all America is liable to answer for me as an individual? Did this state, or the governor thereof, sit out in a public manner, and with a declared resolution, privateers to cruise against the British, it might involve the state, but in my opinion, not the Union, while they disavowed it. Pray, Messrs. Printers, what will become of America should her sons, who are now in the armies of the French Republic, step over the channel with Gen. Dumourier and invade England; will the almighty parliament of G. Britain declare war against America, because 1 or 200 of her sons have joined the jovial set who are hunting down hereditary despotism and tyranny throughout Europe? I fancy not, therefore little apprehensions can be held by America of an evil which may ensue, to disturb her internal peace in consequence of privateers having been fitted out of this port by the French—besides, have we not seen the same done in every war. I will not apply to the war America had with England, for some Americans (at least they were born in America) were in the British army, and a few native Britons were in the American service; but have not instances been known, that even when England has been at war with France, that the latter have received supplies from the former: and are there not English, Scotch, & Irish continually in the armies of France? Can it be hindered or
avoided? No, not even by the despotism of that barbarous tyrant of the north. Man by nature is free, and he will be so whenever he chuses to exert or assume his right. I am free to enter into any service, or become a citizen of any nation who will receive me. If the French republic sit out privateers in this port, they do no more than by treaty they have a right; and this right the governor of no state in the union can either lessen or take away and if on sitting out a private vessel of war, Americans should enter on board, yet while she is commissioned by the French republic, she is bonafide French, and the law of retaliation can no farther operate, on the side of Great Britain, than as she can use it against France directly. And however that in any captures which England may make of the republic's private ships, or any other, of war, some of the crew, nay, some of the officers may happen to be citizens of America, it can only affect them individually and not their country; and that, during the contest between those two powers, this will frequently be the case, can admit of little doubt. All the rest respecting the sitting out, &c. in our ports, is done by treaty, which I trust no power on earth will or can ever induce the U. S. to violate."
METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS.
Table with 5 columns: Day, Bar., Ther., Wind, Weather. Rows for Tuesday May 14 to Monday May 20, 1793.
TO BE RENTED,
And possession given in July next. A Merchant MILL, ALSO, a COUNTRY and a SAW MILL, either separately or together, with all the conveniencies thereunto belonging...
I Have claims to about two hundred and fifty thousand acres of LAND in the state of Kentucky, in different parts of that country, some of which I know to be equal to any; all of which I am inclined to dispose of, either by entire sale, or by admitting one, or two partners, to whom the agency on the whole will be committed.
JUST PUBLISHED,
And to be sold by THOMAS DOBSON, WILLIAM YOUNG, ROBERT CAMPBELL, Messrs. RICE and Co. and JOHN M. CULLOCH, No. 1. North Third-street. AN EXAMINATION of the late proceedings in Congress respecting the official conduct of the Secretary of the Treasury; with Observations, &c. on the application of loans from Holland, negotiated under the acts of the 4th and 12th of August 1790.
PRICE CURRENT.
Dollars. Cents. (100 Cents make 1 dollar.)
Large table of market prices for various goods including Aches, Bacon, Beer, Brandy, Butter, Coffee, Cotton, Flour, Gin, Hemp, Hides, Iron, Pepper, Rice, Rum, Salt, Sugar, Tallow, Tea, Tobacco, Wine, etc.
PRINTED BY CHILDS AND SWAIN, AT THEIR OFFICE NO. 209, HIGH-STREET, NEAR FIFTH-STREET, PHILADELPHIA.