Gazette of the United-States. (New-York [N.Y.]), 1793-09-04 00:00:00

Gazette of the United States.
A NATIONAL PAPER, PUBLISHED WEDNESDAYS AND SATURDAYS BY JOHN FENNO, No. 34, NORTH FIFTH-STREET, PHILADELPHIA.
[No. 132 of Vol. IV.]
WEDNESDAY, September 4, 1793.
[Whole No. 454.]
NEW CONSTITUTION OF FRANCE.
Decreed by the NATIONAL CONVENTION.
DECLARATION OF THE RIGHTS OF MAN and of the CITIZEN.
PREAMBLE.
THE French People, convinced that the neglect and contempt of the Natural Rights of Man, are the sole causes of misery in the world, have resolved to set forth in a solemn declaration, those sacred and unalienable rights, to the end that, it being in the power of every Citizen to compare at all times the proceedings of government, with the end of every social compact, they may never suffer themselves to be oppressed and debased by tyranny; that the people may ever have before their eyes the basis of their liberty and happiness; the magistrate, the extent of his duty; the legislator, the object of his appointment.
With these views they proclaim in the presence of the Supreme Being, the following declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen.
ART. 1. The end of all society is the public happiness. Government is established to secure to Man the enjoyment of his natural and imprescriptible rights.
II. These rights are equality, liberty, security, property.
III. All men are equal by nature and in the eye of the law.
IV. The law is the free and solemn expression of the general will; it operates equally on all, whether by protecting or punishing; it can command only what is just and useful to society, and prohibit only what is hurtful.
V. All Citizens are equally admissible to public employments. A free people know no other motive of preference in their elections than virtue and talents.
VI. LIBERTY is the power which Man possesses of doing whatever is not hurtful to the rights of others. It is founded in nature; its bounds are marked by justice; law forms its protection, and its moral limits are defined in this maxim—Do not do to others, what you would not wish done to yourself.
VII. The right of expressing thoughts and opinions either through the medium of the press, or any other manner; the right of quietly assembling; the free exercise of religious worship, cannot be prohibited. The necessity of making mention of these rights, supposes the presence or the recent remembrance of despotism.
VIII. SECURITY is the protection afforded by society to each of its Members for the preservation of his person, rights, and property.
IX. The law should protect public and individual liberty against the oppression of those who govern.
X. No one can be accused, arrested or detained, but in the cases laid down in the law, and agreeably to the forms prescribed. Every Citizen summoned or arrested under the authority of the law, should immediately obey; by resistance he renders himself culpable.
XI. Every proceeding against a Citizen out of the reach or without the forms prescribed by the law, is arbitrary and tyrannical; the person against whom it should be attempted to be executed by force, has the right to repel it by force.
XII. Those who solicit, dispatch, sign, execute, or cause to be executed, arbitrary acts, are guilty, and deserve punishment.
XIII. Every man being presumed innocent until he has been declared guilty; if it is judged necessary to arrest him, all unnecessary rigour in securing him, should be severely prohibited by the law.
XIV. No one should be judged and punished until he has been heard, or legally appealed, and unless he comes under a law made public before the perpetration of the crime; the law punishing actions performed before its existence is tyrannical; the retrospective effect of any law is criminal.
XV. The law should only decree punishments strictly and evidently necessary; the punishment should be proportioned to the crime, and useful to society.
XVI. The right of property belongs to every citizen; it is the right of enjoying and disposing at his will of his goods, revenues, of the fruits of his labour and industry.
XVII. No species of labour, culture, or commerce, can be prohibited.
XVIII. Every man may bargain for his services and his time; but he can neither sell himself nor be sold. His person is not alienable property. The law acknowledges no servitude; there can be but an engagement to perform and to pay an equivalent, between the man who works and his employer.
XIX. No one can be deprived of the least portion of his property, without his consent, unless the public necessities legally ascertained, require it, and under condition of an adequate and previous compensation.
XX. No contribution can be required except for the general benefit. All citizens have a right to concur in fixing the contributions; to inspect the expenditure of them, and to require accounts of that expenditure.
XXI. Public succours are a sacred debt. The society owes relief to unfortunate citizens, either by furnishing them with work, or by securing the means of subsistence to those who are unable to work.
XXII. Instruction is necessary to all: Society should favour as much as possible the progress of public reason, and place the means of instruction within the reach of every citizen.
XXIII. The social compact consists in the endeavours of all to assure to each the enjoyment and preservation of his rights, this compact rests upon the National sovereignty.
XXIV. It cannot exist unless the powers of public functionaries are clearly defined by the law, and their responsibility well secured.
XXV. The sovereignty of the nation resides in the people. It is indivisible, imprescriptible and unalienable.
XXVI. No portion of the people can exercise the powers of the whole people; but each section of the sovereign assembled shall enjoy the right of expressing its will with entire liberty.
XXVII. Let any individual who should attempt to usurp the sovereignty, be immediately put to death by freemen.
XXVIII. The people have always the right to revise, reform and change their constitution. One generation cannot bind by its laws future generations.
XXIX. Every citizen has an equal right to concur in making the law, and in appointing his representatives and agents.
XXX. Public offices are essentially temporary; they cannot be considered either as conferring distinction, or as reward, but as duties.
XXXI. The crimes of the representatives of the people, or their agents, should never go unpunished. No one has a right to assume an inviolability that does not belong to other citizens.
XXXII. The right of presenting petitions to the depositaries of public authority, can in no case be prohibited, suspended or limited.
XXXIII. Resistance to oppression is a consequence of the other rights of man.
XXXIV. The social body is oppressed, when one of its members is oppressed. Each individual of the social body is oppressed, when the social body is oppressed.
XXXV. When the government violates the rights of the people, insurrection is to the people and each portion of the people, the most sacred of rights and the most indispensable of duties.
CONSTITUTION OF THE REPUBLIC.
Art. 1. The Republic is one and indivisible.
Of the distribution of the People.
2. The French people are divided, for the exercise of their sovereignty, into primary assemblies of cantons.
3. They are divided, for the administration of justice, into departments, districts, municipalities.
Of the political situation of citizens.
4. Every person born and settled in France, 21 years ago; every stranger of 21 years of age, who settled in France for one year, lives by his labour, or acquires a property; or marries a French woman, or adopts a child; or supports an infirm person; every stranger in fine who shall be judged, by the legislative body, to have deserved well in the cause of humanity, is admitted to the exercise of the rights of a French citizen.
5. The exercise of the rights of a French citizen is forfeited by naturalization in foreign countries; by the acceptance of employments or favors from a government not republican; by the condemnation to ignominious, or corporal punishment, until rehabilitation.
6. The exercise of the rights of citizens is suspended, while under accusation; by a sentence of non-appearance, so long as the sentence is not retraced.
Of the sovereignty of the People.
7. The sovereign people, is the whole mass of French citizens.
8. They appoint immediately their deputies.
9. They delegate to electors the choice of administrators, of public arbiters, of criminal judges and those of final appeal.
10. They deliberate upon the laws.
Of primary assemblies.
11. Primary assemblies consist of citizens residing for six months in a canton.
12. They are composed of 200 citizens at least, and of 600 at most, entitled to vote.
13. They are constituted by the nomination of a president, secretaries, and inspectors of ballots.
14. They regulate their internal police.
15. No one can appear at them, armed.
16. The elections are either by ballot or viva voce, at the option of each voter.
17. A primary assembly can in no case prescribe an uniform mode of voting.
18. The inspectors of ballot record the votes of citizens who, unable to write, wish however to vote by ballot.
19. The questions on the laws are decided by yes and no.
20. The vote of the primary assembly is proclaimed thus—The citizens assembled in primary assembly of in number voters, vote [for or against] by a majority of
Of the National Representation.
21. Population is the only basis of the National Representation.
22. There shall be a deputy for every 40 thousand individuals.
23. Each collection of primary assemblies, completing a population of 39,000 to 41,000 persons, name immediately a deputy.
24. The nomination requires an absolute majority of suffrages.
25. Each assembly counts its own votes, and
sends a commissioner for the general collection of results, to the place fixed as most central.
26. If the first trial does not give any one an absolute majority, a second election takes place, the votes being confined to the two citizens highest in votes.
(To be continued.)
[The following paper throws great light on the revolution of the 31st of May.]
Address of the members of the National Convention, ordered to be put under arrest, to the French nation.
"WHEN the liberty of the national representation is no more, and truth is stifled, the temple of the laws must be shut. Thus, unable to execute the trust reposed in us, it is our indispensable duty to instruct you. We shall entirely confine ourselves to evident facts, and leave to you the care of drawing the necessary consequences from them.
"A law had been enacted, which prescribed the formation of committees in the different sections of Paris, destined to watch over foreigners and suspicious people. This law was eluded. Instead of those committees, others were formed in the most illegal manner, contrary to the letter of the law as well as its intention.
"These illegal revolutionary committees have created a central committee, composed of one member from every committee of each section. This central committee, after some clandestine deliberations, has assumed the title of the revolutionary council of the department of Paris, and has invested itself with a dictatorial power; or rather usurped it.
"An extraordinary committee had been decreed within the bosom of the Convention, to denounce the illegal and arbitrary acts of the different constituted authorities of the Republic; to trace and discover the plots formed against the liberty and security of the national representation, and to cause all persons to be arrested who shall be denounced as chiefs of conspiracies. Surrounded by an armed force, those revolutionary committees demanded, on the 27th of May, the suppression of this commission. Their request was decreed, but on the next day, on a vote by names, it was deferred till the committee should have made their report. (They constantly refused to attend the report.) On the 30th the revolutionary council intimated to the Convention their order to suppress the extraordinary commission. Amidst armed petitioners, surrounded by cannon, under continual hissing and hootings from the galleries, some members decreed the suppression of the commission. On the 31st the general was again beat; and the tocsin sounded, and the alarm-gun fired. At these signals the citizens took up arms, and were ordered to assemble around the convention. Some deputations demanded a decree of accusation against 55 members of the convention. The assembly, who had before unanimously rejected this petition, as calumnious, when in the month of April it was brought forward by some Sections, supported by the municipality, now referred it to the committee of public safety, and enjoined the members of that committee to give in their report within three days. On the 1st of June, at three in the afternoon, the revolutionary council marched their armed force to invest the Hall; at night they appeared at the bar, and demanded a decree of accusation, against the denounced members. The convention passed to the order of the day, and ordered the petitioners to deposit with the committee of public safety the proofs of the crimes imputed to the accused deputies.
"Since the 30th of May, the barriers had been shut, the administrators of the post suspended, the journals stopped, the mails searched, the letters broken open and sealed again, either with a seal bearing this inscription—Revolution of the 31st of May 1793; or with another, inscribed—The Committee of public safety.
"The committee of public safety were waiting for the necessary proofs to make their report, when on Sunday, June 2, the revolutionary council appeared again at the bar, and demanded, for the last time, the decree of accusation against the denounced members. The assembly passed again to the order of the day. The petitioners now gave a signal to the spectators to leave the Hall and run to arms, for the purpose of obtaining that by open force which justice would not grant.
About 12 at noon the general was beat, the tocsin sounded. The citizens were forced to take up arms and obey the orders of a commander, whom the revolutionary council had placed at their head: more than 100 cannon surrounded the National Hall; grates to heat red hot balls were placed in the Champ Elysees.
"The guard of the Convention, as well as all true citizens, were confined in different guard houses; cannon were pointed towards the avenues; the gates were shut, and the centries ordered to stop all the deputies who
might attempt to pass them, and to fire at every one who should attempt to peep across the bars. Dufaux the venerable Dufaux, was beaten in a most infamous manner; Boissy d'Anglas had his shirt torn! a great number of other deputies were insulted, by the vile satellites of Marat. The battalions which several days back should have marched to La Vendée, arrived on a sudden, and seized upon the inner posts of the Hall. Assignats and wine were distributed among them. These troops were destined to assassinate your Representatives, and would have done it, because the National Guards were not able to prevent this slaughter. The assailants were provided with the best arms, while the sections complained of the want of them. In short, the National Hall was turned into a prison, where the Representatives of the people were threatened, disgraced, and insulted. It was demanded that the committee of public safety, to calm the rage of the seduced people who invested the Hall, should make their report.
"Barrere mounted the tribune, and speaking in the name of the committee, proposed, that the denounced members against whom no proof whatever of the crimes imputed to them had been produced, should be invited to suspend themselves from their functions. Some of them submitted to this measure. A decree passed, that the commander of the armed force should be ordered to the bar, to account for his conduct, and inform the Convention from whom he had received his orders. This decree was not executed. Two of the factions invaders insulted a deputy, and were ordered to be taken to the bar. Violence and open force opposed also the execution of this second decree. Then it was requested, that the sitting should be ended, and the temple of the laws shut. An end was put to the sitting, the President walked out of the hall at the head of the convention, and ordered the centries to withdraw.
"The convention reached the middle of the court without meeting any resistance, but being arrived there, the commander of the armed force ordered them to return. The President told him that the convention was not to be dictated to: that it held its authority independent of any other power than the French people, and that they alone had a right to command it. The commander, Henriot, drew his sword, ranged his cavalry in order of battle, and ordered the cannoniers to point their cannon. His soldiers were ready to fire—The President turned back, the members followed him, and attempted every outlet in order to escape, but every avenue was closed or defended by cannon. At length, the convention, unable to retire, resumed their sitting. What do we say? they returned into their prison, and some members decreed, that Gensonne, Gaudet, Brissot, Gorsas, Pétion, Vergniaud, Salles, Barbaroux, Chambon, Buzot, Biroteau, Lidon, Rabaut, Lasource, Languinais, Grangeneuve, le Sage, Kervelegan, Gardien, Boileau, Bertrand, Vigeé, Mollevant, Larivière, Gomaire, and Bergoin, should be put under arrest in their own houses. And why? We must not forget to mention, that on the proposal of Marat, Couthon demanded, that Valaze and Louvet should be added to that number, and that some members gave their consent, for the greater part of them did not take any share in these humiliating deliberations. After the decree was signed, a deputation made its appearance to testify its approbation of the decree, and tendered an equal number of citizens to serve as hostages for the arrested members.
"Frenchmen! who would be free and Republicans, these are facts, which no one will dare to deny; we represent them to you only in a mass, and forbear to enter into details still more atrocious. The National Representation imprisoned, disgraced, deliberating under the poignards of an audacious faction, is no more. Do not suffer any longer the usurpation of your rights; do not leave in such hands the exercise of the sovereignty of the nation; rescue the liberty, the sacred equality, the unity and indivisibility of the Republic; without them France is lost. Reject with horror all propositions tending to any kind of federalism. Rally, unite, and be firm, you may still save the public cause. This public cause resides in the whole of your country; it is not confined nor concentrated within the walls of Paris. Your deputies may there perish, but they will die worthy of you, and worthy of themselves too happy, if after their death their country should be saved. When the moment of national revenge is come, then Frenchmen, do not forget that Paris is not guilty, that the citizens of Paris were ignorant of the plot, of which they have been made the blind tools. No! it is not upon Paris that the dreadful and all powerful hand of the nation ought to bear down; but on that horde of robbers and criminals, who have made themselves masters of Paris, who are devouring Paris and France, who cannot exist without crimes, and have no other refuge left but in despair, the offspring of vice. Farewell."

Foreign Intelligence.
BRUSSELS, June 4.
WE were greatly surprised to see the ex-general Dumourier arrive here, at the moment when all the world imagined that he had taken up his residence for a long time in the mountains of Switzerland: but we learn, that the pacific canton of Zurich, which he had chosen for his retreat, dreading the intrigues of this subtle politician, begged him to quit that territory. Dumourier then applied to the Elector of Cologne for an asylum, but the Elector returned this very short answer: "I cannot receive him as an emigrant; and as a Jacobin I would hang him." After this, Dumourier directed his way hither, hoping to obtain permission to stay in the Low Countries, on account of his arrangements with the Prince de Cobourg.
But unfortunately for Dumourier, he published a pamphlet at Frankfort, entitled, "A Letter from General Dumourier to the President of the National Convention;" and to this piece, was added a proclamation under the title, "General Dumourier to the French people."
In this work, among other things, he says, that not wishing to employ his talents to the dismemberment of his country, he is going to employ his pen for the purpose of enlightening his fellow-citizens and combatting the anarchists. In another part he mentions, that at the time of his first proclamation, the Prince de Cobourg promised to allow him to act for the purpose of restoring order in France;—that he would assist him with all his troops in case of need—and would restore to the lawful king of France, after the re-establishment of the monarchy, all the places that might be taken or confided to the Austrians. But that a superior authority, having soon after obliged the Prince Generalissimo to revoke his promise, he quitted the army, after stipulating favorable terms for his companions in arms. In the course of the proclamation, Dumourier invites all French citizens to range themselves with him under the colours of the happy constitution of 1789—90, and 91.
This pamphlet had a very extensive sale, and made so much noise, that the government taking cognizance of its contents, had all the copies found at the booksellers seized; condemned the printer to pay a fine, and had his presses broken to pieces.
We are assured, that Dumourier has since been ordered to quit Brussels and the Low Countries, and that he is going to London.
JUNE 20.
We had a great misfortune here in the military hospital of St. Elizabeth, on the 18th. Five thousand sacks of wheat, which had been carried to that place pressed so heavy on some of the joists that the floor gave way and fell down. The wounded men who were in their beds suffered greatly by this disaster. There were about 400 persons in this hospital, more than 43 of whom were killed. They were interred this day.
TOULON, May 30.
Basterot, Captain of the Minerva frigate, convicted of having conspired against the republic, and afterwards against a sentence passed by a court martial, has been guillotined.
BAYONNE, May 15.
We are here in a most alarming crisis. Yesterday a council of war was held, in the presence of the national deputies, and the result was, the breaking up of the three camps which were to form a principal one at Bidart, and thus shelter this city from a siege.
In being obliged to take this precaution, the most disastrous circumstance is, that a territory of several leagues in extent is to be abandoned to the enemy. Add to this, the sacrifice of several field pieces, which are abandoned, after having been
spiked, at Andaye. These extreme measures announce a very weak state of defence; and shall be very fortunate if we can preserve this place, the possession of which is, on every occasion, so very important.
MARSEILLES, May 30.
A few days after the installation of the judges of the popular tribunal, established in this city, several persons, convicted of having levied forced contributions, were condemned by this tribunal to suffer death.
The procurator of the commons, who was tried and acquitted, communicated a horrid plot, which was to have equalled in its execution the infamous massacre of St. Bartholomew.
For this diabolical purpose the municipal council had an extraordinary meeting, at which all the members were sworn to secrecy, as to the object of their intended deliberations.
A member now presented the infernal project, which was carried by a majority of voices, and the purport of which was, that the city trumpets should be sounded at an early hour in the morning, and a proclamation made to forbid the inhabitants to quit their houses on pain of death; all those who were suspected were to be conducted to the church of St. Homobon, and Fort Saint Jean, there to be massacred, and their houses pillaged.
This deposition made by the procurator of the Commune, was confirmed by four municipal officers; and an infinite number of houses were found marked with red chalk. In consequence of the proofs of this abominable plot, the popular tribunal issued a great number of mandates of arrest; but a great number of the conspirators made their escape.
At the house of one of these, Izoard, was found a trunk, containing about fifty marks of silver. Another conspirator, Huge, was imprisoned, and his interrogation began to throw considerable light on this mysterious affair, when he contrived to strangle himself in the prison, with the ribbon that tied his hair. Lizard, a municipal officer, on hearing of the apprehension of Izoard, blew out his brains at the fort of Notre Dame de la Guard, where he was stationed as a sentinel over the Bourbon family; and the secretary of the Jacobin Club threw himself out of a window, and was killed on the spot. We have apprehended several of the conspirators, and have discovered that the plot extended to the neighbouring villages.
LONDON, July 2.
An official narrative of a late sally from Meutz, made by the French, speaks of the loss on both sides, as very severe.—The bold design of the enemy in this expedition was no less than to destroy the Prussian camp, and kill or carry off General Kalkreuth, and his Royal Highness Prince Louis of Prussia: in this they failed, many of them falling by the fire of their own artillery at Meutz, in their retreat.
In the neighborhood of Mar-seilles, the end of the leaders appear to be that of emancipating the department entirely from any form of government which may be imposed by the whole representative Body of France, and setting up an independent or a simply federate state, acting only with the whole, according to its volitive propensity, as time and circumstances may suit.
Other departments, pronounced in a state of insurrection, insist upon the restoration of the constitution, formed two years since; at the same time expressing no disapprobation of the late punishment inflicted upon the king, considering him secretly hostile to that constitution.
Our treaty with Russia obliges us to continue the war as long as it shall please the empress of all the Russias to go on—a tolerable prospect this affords us of a speedy peace.
Our treaty with the prince of Hesse Cassel is in the usual way of buy-
ing so many human beings to be set on against their fellow creatures at so much per life.
The king has appointed Mr. Dundas President of the East India board, with a yearly salary of 5000l. Dumourier, it is said, is going to America.
The unfortunate young prince the Dauphin, it is said, has got a rupture; and upon application to the municipality, they have directed the bandage-maker of the prisoners to attend him. Of the other royal prisoners scarce any thing is known.
Ferrand, who commands Valenciennes, is one of the most experienced and bravest officers in the French service.
If the hypocritical hum-drum proclamation, published by Dumourier, under the title of an address to the French nation, be able to cloak all his wrongs, and dissipate the fears which the intrigues of the most restless genius, and the most corrupted mind, must naturally inspire, we have only to remark, that distinguished scoundrels enjoy very eminent advantages over honest men.
The balloon, which some days ago ascended from Conde, had a small packet, containing two letters pending to it. The first was addressed to the President of the Convention, and the second to the Minister of the War Department.—They simply stated—
"CITIZENS, "We are surrounded on all quarters by the enemies of the French Republic. We lament recent misfortunes. The recollection, however, of the glories of Jemappe, animates and inflames us with military emulation.—We are lovers of liberty, and have sworn to maintain it. Provisions are scarce, but our enthusiasm is undiminished. We will repel the enemy, or die in the attempt."
(Signed) J. V. D. By order of the Commander." From the garrison at Conde, May 30.
"The originals are in the Prince of Cobourg's possession. The wind was very favorable for the experiment; but the balloon having been overcharged with inflammable air, the design was rendered abortive."
We are told from Brussels, that they have positive information, that the Spaniards having forced the passage of the Iron, after having possessed themselves of Andaye, are marching in force to Bayonne, to lay siege to that city, which is considered as the only place capable of making any resistance; and after the reduction of which, the enemy will have the road clear to Bourdeaux.
JULY 7.
The report of the defeat of Gaf-ton and the royalists under his command, by the republicans commanded by general Biron, is extremely improbable.
The troops actually engaged in the siege of Valenciennes, amount to 18,500. The covering armies under the prince of Cobourg and the duke of York, are about 80,000 more; a small army blockades Quésnoi, and about 4000 men are at Conde. The Prussians, Dutch, the English cavalry last arrived and the 37th regiment, form the line between Valenciennes and Ostend.
By a vessel arrived at Falmouth, a letter is received from an officer on board the Windsor Castle, dated with admiral Gell's squadron in Gibraltar Bay, on the 19th ult. which gives an account of the Spanish fleet being then at anchor there. It states, that on the British squadron first appearing off there, the Spanish admiral, taking them for the enemy, had prepared for action.—Besides the Spanish and English ships of force, there were on the above date ten Portuguese frigates in the Bay, and it was admiral Gell's intention, as soon as possible, to sail up the Straits, in quest of a French fleet of 25 sail. The Flora frigate and the Bull-dog sloop had been very fortunate, having captured and sent into the Bay, a French frigate and several merchantmen, some of which are richly laden.
United States.
CHARLESTON (S. C.) August
YESTERDAY arrived the Thomas, Peyrinat, in 17 days from Cape-Francois—in this vessel came 100 white passengers: on her passage she was plundered by the Providence privateer sloop Susan Capt. Tucker, on the 30th ult. plate and cash to the amount of 60,000 crowns; also thirty-five groes—she was then permitted to proceed on her voyage.
Capt. Peyrinat spoke with the British frigates shortly after he landed; the Captains of which, so from availing themselves of the distressed and defenceless state of the enemy, congratulated them on their happy escape, in terms equally polite and humane. Such conduct will ever distinguish the brave warrior and true gentleman from the lawless plunderers and savage ruffians with which the West-India is at present abound.
The son of the late Count de Grasse is amongst the passengers arrived the Thomas.
HANOVER (N. H.) August 26.
Last week arrived here, the Rev. Mr. Ogden, on his return from an excursion to Quebec, through the state and Vermont. On Sunday last he officiated in the new church in Hartland.
By him we learn, that great peace and prosperity prevail in the neighboring provinces; that the season has been fertile, and the harvest will be very valuable.—Emigration are constant into Upper Canada, and every encouragement given to men of enterprize. The national generosity has been extended to the Loyalists, and large grants of land given to them. That a mild and excellent system of government is established—that the greatest indulgence in religious liberty prevails. And to give further prosperity to society, by the aid of religion, large sums are constantly paid from England to support Protestant Clergymen and circulate books. An happy harmony prevails among all denominations of christians. The Catholic churches are crowded as usual; their Temples are in good repair and new ones building—and every order and denomination of Clergy are well and honorably supported and encouraged in doing their duty.
The Rev. Dr. Mountain, late Chaplain to the Bishop of London is appointed, and shortly expected as Bishop of Canada, with a salary from England. Lord Dorchester also expected this summer in Quebec.
Upon the arrival of the Governor and Bishop, plans will be concerted for erecting a University, and Academies in the provinces.
Mr. Ogden, as a friend to universal peace, and general happiness of all mankind, and the honor of all nations, declares, that he has many reasons for believing, that a war between the Indians and States is abhorrent to the rulers and people of the provinces, and directly contrary to the wishes, interest, and policy of the English nation.
It is hoped by all ranks in Canada that the present treaty may issue in establishing peace throughout North America, between savage and civilized nations.
Some time since, Oliver Spencer the son of Col. Oliver Spencer, of the late American army, was taken a prisoner by the Indians near Kennebec, and carried into their country. Early this summer he attended the warriors to Kingston, in Canada, and being discovered to a lady, the daughter of Isaac Ogden Esq. of Quebec, and other old acquaintance of his father's, & friends a purse was made of two hundred dollars, and by the influence of the British commanding officer, this youth of twelve years of age, was redeemed, and returned to his friends in Elizabeth-Town, New Jersey, on his way to his parents.

NEW YORK, August 31.
On the part of the Minister Plenipotentiary of the Republic, and of the Commander of the Squadron.
IT is commanded to all Sailors and Soldiers, formerly embarked on board the Jupiter, to deliver to the Permanent Committee, the Arms which they have carried with them; and to all the Sailors in general, not to carry Arms with them, under the Penalty of being arrested, and immediately conducted to Prison.
New-York, August 30.
The Mayor orders the Constables and Marshals to publish the above Order, and unless they are instantly complied with, the Disobedient will be punished. R. V.
CAMBRIDGE, August 19.
At a respectable meeting of the landholders, and other citizens of Dorchester county, Eastern Shore of Maryland, on the 19th of August, 1793, Col. John Eccleston in the chair, the following Address to the President of the United States, on his Proclamation, declaratory of Neutrality, was brought in by a Committee appointed for that purpose, and unanimously voted.
SIR, IMPRESSED with a deep sense of the value of honorable peace, and anxious to preserve its blessings to our country, we assure you, it was a sincere pleasure we saw the measure you pursued of declaring to the world the Neutrality of the United States, towards the belligerent powers of Europe. Of war we have had a share—That it was in a glorious cause, will, we hope, ever prove in the recollection, a motive to a conduct both dignified and spirited; but we likewise hope that it will always be, as we believe it is at present, the disposition of all our fellow citizens, to cultivate that pacific national character so congenial with our Republican Government, and so necessary to its purity and duration. Your proclamation we think conformable to the solid interests of the country, its expressions warranted by the opinions & wishes of our fellow citizens, and to have been inspired by the true spirit of that Constitution, under which we enjoy the sweets of civil liberty, and abundant prosperity. To this additional proof of that vigilant patriotism, to which we have been so often and so highly indebted, we beg leave to give our unanimous approbation.
JOHN ECCLESTON, Chairman.
Attest.
CH. S. O'NEILL, Secretary.
To the Landholders and other Citizens of Dorchester County, Eastern Shore of Maryland.
FELLOW CITIZENS,
YOUR approbation of the measure which I have taken to declare to the world the Neutrality of the United States, towards the belligerent powers of Europe, gives me sincere pleasure. And it is no less pleasing to me to observe the disposition which you manifested to preserve our country in a state of peace, as the only means of promoting our national prosperity, and ensuring a continuance of those blessings which our country enjoys in an eminent degree. G. WASHINGTON.
Philadelphia, August 24, 1793.
SIR,
While I acknowledge the receipt of your polite letter of the 21st instant, enclosing the resolutions of a number of respectable inhabitants of the county of New-Castle, let me request you to assure those Gentlemen, that I consider their approbation of the late proclamation of the neutrality of the United States, and of the measures taken by the government to secure to this country a continuance of those manifold blessings which are attendant on a state of peace, as a new proof of that enlightened wisdom and philanthropic disposition which has ever marked the virtuous citizens of the United States. G. WASHINGTON.
DOCTOR JOHN MCKIM.
Wilmington, August 31.
PORTLAND, (District Maine.)
At a meeting of the merchants and others, in the town of North-yarmouth, (Casco Bay,) the 13th day of August, the following resolutions were unanimously adopted:
1. THAT peace and tranquility are blessings which ought to be considered at all times in the highest estimation, and that the preservation of them is essential to our present happiness, and the prosperity of our country.
2. That especially when so many powers are at war with each other, we, who can go free and unmolested to different ports, as heretofore, when the same powers were at peace with each other, must undoubtedly partake of advantages peculiar to our happy situation; and that therefore it is our interest by all means to avoid any interference whatever that may be construed by any of the belligerent powers as a departure from that neutrality already declared.
3. That we highly approve the late Proclamation of the President of the United States; and being sensible of our present happy establishment, we will do all in our power as good citizens, with integrity and uprightness, to support the objects of his recommendation, and thereby promote the benefits we enjoy, and the general prosperity of our country; and that we will discountenance whatever may be considered as deviating from the strictest line of neutrality, should any steps of that sort be discovered by us, in any of our fellow-citizens.
Voted, that these proceedings be printed in the Portland papers; and that a copy be transmitted to the Hon. Thomas Russell, Esq. to show our hearty concurrence with our fellow-citizens of the town of Boston; and that the chairman sign it.
WILLIAM MARTIN, Chairman.
Philadelphia, Sept. 4.
From the Gazette Nationale ou Le Moniteur Universel, Printed at Paris, June 24 and 28, 1793, received by Capt. Makins, from L'Orient.
Two works have been published in Germany, the first entitled, a poem composed before and after the death of Louis XVI.—The other an Almanac of the Victims of the Revolution, with cuts—GUSTAVUS and LOUIS are the first.—The French paragraphist adds to this article, the following remark; that it is a bold attempt on the part of the House of Austria, to charge itself with reviving in this manner, the Love of Kings in Europe.
Travellers who arrived at Maldenade and Montevideo, Spanish places, relate an extraordinary phenomenon which happened in the river La Plata last April—an impetuous wind rose, it blew with a violence so extreme, that it drove the waters of the river ten leagues distance from its banks—all the neighboring country was inundated, the bed of the river was left dry—This terrible irruption discovered vessels which had been lost for thirty years—they found, among others an English ship which was wrecked in the year 1762—many persons went to the place—and walked all about the bed of the river on dry feet; they are returned loaded with the silver and spoils which had been swallowed up in the vessels—This phenomenon which ought to be ranked in the number of the grand revolutions of nature, lasted three days, at the end of which time the wind ceased, and the waters returned with grand impetuosity to the natural bed of the river.
Numbers of persons in prison June 19, arrested by the department of Paris:—
Conciergerie, 325; Grand Force, 331—70 of which are military; Petite Force, 108; Sainte Pelagie, 131; Madelonnettes, 80; Abbaye, 69—of which 23 are military, and 5 hostages; Bicetre, 214—a la Salpetriere, 45; Chambre d'Arret a la Mairie, 39. Total 1342.
M. Roland has fled to Lyons; Brissot was going to join him when he was arrested.
Civil State of Paris.
   June Divorces Marriages Born Died     17 9 28 68 56   18 7 29 61 45   19 7 24 65 61  
Seven hundred and eighty-five millions of assignats had been burnt June 22; thirty-three millions more were ready to be destroyed. Collot D'Herbois was President of the Convention the 20th June.
The places of public amusement which were open in Paris the 28th June were ten theatres—an amphitheatre, and two other public exhibitions.
The Spaniards have two Generals who are not without merit, viz. Don Ricardo, commander in chief of the army of Catalonia—and Don Ventura Caro, who commands the army of Navarre.
They write from Perpignan that the brave garrison of Bellegarde held out yet, notwithstanding a continual bombardment—they fear a famine—if they can get in provisions, the fortress will be saved—and efforts are daily made to get forward the convoys; but the vigilance of the Spaniards is incessant.
The garrison of the fort des Bauss, has been on short allowance 56 days; it was not till the 57th that it surrendered, after having been 48 hours without eating.
The Spaniards have taken Fourques three leagues from Perpignan; they have restored the ancient police in all its forms.
M. Egalite in a letter to the National Convention of the 2d June, says that the moment he had flattered himself with a favorable decision on his case, at that moment he found himself more closely confined.—He was transferred to the fort St. Jean the 27th May—a very cold prison, without receiving communications from any one—and without any attendants for himself or his son; his domestics had been driven away although they had passports from the committee of the public safety, and he was not permitted either to see or speak to them; he prays that the Convention would judge him according to his merits and attachment to the cause of the Republic and through the Revolution. He prays for a speedy decision—and if their decree should not give him entire liberty, he asks permission to converse with such persons as he shall desire, not to be shut up in that prison, that he may be at liberty to walk, and take the air, which he says is absolutely necessary to his health, now greatly injured by his distress of body and mind.
This letter was referred to the committee of safety.
A vessel arrived here yesterday from Gibraltar, the Capt. of which says that he was informed by the officers of the garrison there that the combined fleet consisting of fifty-two sail of the line were gone to attack Toulon.
Yesterday arrived here from Bengal a French ship called La Ville de L'Orient, Capt. Malin.
Yesterday a number of French sailors (about one hundred) lately belonging to the ship Jupiter, now in New-York, arrived in this city, under the care of a party of militia.
General Galbaud, it is said in a New-York paper, has been re-taken, near West Chester, by a party sent in pursuit of him.
The ship Good Intent, of Bristol, mounting 16 guns, is arrived at New York, a prize to the Maritimes of 22 guns. She was taken after an obstinate engagement, and the loss of her Captain and 8 men killed and 20 wounded.
From New-York we learn, that Citizen Genet, owing to the disturbances on board the Jupiter, had issued a proclamation, ordering the crew, with a few exceptions, to leave the ship and repair to quarters provided for them on shore. This many did.
An attempt was made on the life of Admiral Cambis (not of Citizen Genet as has been reported) in which he was wounded in the hand. The attempt was made by some of the crew of the Jupiter a few of which number have been apprehended.
General Galbaud escaped from on board the Jupiter on Friday last, and took the route to West-Chester, escorted by a few of the crew of the Jupiter.
It was currently reported that Captain Bompard is to be appointed commander of the Jupiter.
Three hundred passengers are arrived in the Ann from Londonderry. There is another passenger ship, we understand in the river.
We hear that the British ship Queen of 98 guns, the Orion and another 74, with three frigates and a sloop of war, are cruising off the Delaware and Chesapeake bays—and that, besides the privateer Sans Culottes, the Orion has taken the industry, a French privateer fitted out at Baltimore.
The French frigate Astrea, of 44 guns, is arrived at Annapolis.
Letters received in this city from Mr. Wignell, via New-York, by the ship Amsterdam Packet, dated London, July 6, inform, that he was to sail in the George Barclay, Capt. Collet, positively on or before the 15th, with the whole of the company of comedians, and a number of musicians, engaged for the new theatre in Chestnut-street. The accommodations for passengers in the George Barclay, are entirely taken up by Mr. Wignell.
The public are informed in Mr. Dunlap's paper of Saturday last, that those members of the French National Convention "who were arrested, were treated so at their own request." A correspondent says that after such an assertion, it will be with a very ill grace on the part of some persons that the English paragraphists shall in future be called LIARS.
It is presumed, the following article will show how much justice there is in the above recited assertion:
National Convention, June 4. Valaze one of the Deputies in custody, complained in a letter of having been put under arrest without a previous hearing; he added that being father of a family, and in embarrassed circumstances, he stood highly in need of the arrears due to him since the last month. Order of the day.
The address of the arrested members of the National Convention to the people of France, contains a development of the most extraordinary transaction that has taken place since the commencement of the revolution—and should it be eventually productive of favorable consequences to liberty and a free government, it involves a total subversion of all the principles on which free legislation has heretofore been supposed to depend for its existence.
Important Commercial Communication.
August 30, 1793. At a meeting of the Committee of Merchants of Philadelphia.—It was resolved, that a letter from Thomas Jefferson, Esq. Secretary of State, and the answer thereto, should be published in this city.
Extract from the minutes, ROBERT RALSTON, Sec'y.
Philadelphia, August 27, 1793.
GENTLEMEN, Complaint having been made to the government of the United States, of some instances of unjustifiable vexation and spoliation committed on our merchant vessels by the privateers of the powers at war, and it being possible that other instances may have happened, of which no information has been given to the government, I have it in charge from the President to assure the merchants of the United States, concerned in foreign commerce or navigation, that due attention will be paid to any injuries they may suffer on the high seas, or in foreign countries, contrary to the law of nations or to existing treaties; and that on their forwarding hither well authenticated evidence of the same, proper proceedings will be adopted for their relief: The
just and friendly dispositions of the several belligerent powers, afford well founded expectation that they will not hesitate to take effectual measures for restraining their armed vessels from committing aggressions and vexations on our citizens or their property.
There being no particular portion or description of the mercantile body pointed out by the laws for receiving communications of this nature, I take the liberty of addressing it to the merchants of Philadelphia, for the state of Pennsylvania, and of requesting that thro' them it may be made known to all those of their state whom it may concern. Information will be freely received, either from the individuals aggrieved, or from any associations of merchants, who will be pleased to take the trouble of giving it, in a case so interesting to themselves and their country.
I have the honor to be with great respect, Gentlemen,
Your most obedient servant,
TH. JEFFERSON.
The Merchants of Philadelphia.
SIR,
The merchants of Philadelphia receive your communication, as one proof among the many of the attention of government to the commerce of the United States, which involves in it every other important interest of our country.
They will avail themselves of the invitation given, to convey all such information as they may obtain, respecting the vexation and spoil committed by the privateers of the powers at war, upon the trading vessels of America; and they doubt not upon representation being made, those powers will shew the best disposition to restrain aggressions, which being exercised against a people, who in maintaining a strict neutrality, have manifested a friendship for all, and which ought to exempt them from such depredations.
I am with perfect esteem,
By order of the committee, and in behalf of the merchants of the city of Philadelphia,
JOHN NIXON.
To Thomas Jefferson, Esq. Secretary of State.
The ship Alice, Capt. Harvey, arrived at New-York from London, Monday last, we hear she has brought London papers to the 25th July.—We have seen one of the 15th which contains an account of the surrender of Conde to the combined forces on the 10th; the garrison had consisted of 4000 men—1500 only were found fit for duty who were made prisoners of war—2000 were sick in the hospitals. General Custine had been at Paris the last of June as stated in our last—he had set out for the army—previous to which he had informed the Executive Council that the army destined to act against the Prince Saxe Cobourg must be encreased till it amounts to 120,000 men—in addition to which he required another army of 60,000 to make incursions into the enemy's country—with this force he promises never to return except he is victorious. The sieges of Valenciennes and Mentz were going on—The French making sorties daily. No account appears in this paper of the defeat of the Royalists near Nantes on the 28th of June, as related by Capt. Makins from L'Orient.
Lord Howe, with the last division of the channel fleet, had failed from Spithead—and was to be joined by the Russian fleet of frigates and transports, having on board 12,000 troops.—A descent on the coast of Brittany is confidently stated to be their object in the British papers.—It appears that there has been perpetual fighting between the French and Sardinians—the accounts are from Turin—these state that the former lost 4000 men in one action.—The Prussians have made themselves masters of Weissenau, near Mentz, after a sharp contest.—A bomb thrown from Valenciennes fell among a number of those of the besiegers, and caused an explosion of forty of them.
Lately died at Hudson, State of New-York, SETH JENKINS, Esq. a gentleman highly and deservedly revered for his public and private virtues.
To Correspondents.
“THE ANECDOTE” does not appear to be sufficiently interesting. “HELVIDIUS” was not received in season for this day's paper—No. 3, in our next.
SHIP NEWS.
ARRIVED at the PORT OF PHILADELPHIA.
   Ship Ann, Stephenson, Londonderry   Brig Harmony, Dunphy, Port-au-Prince   Mary, Whipple, S. Croix   Schr. Happy Return, M'Donald, N. Carolina   Katy, Stephenson, Martinique   Betsey, Earle, Baltimore   George, Burr, St. Eustatius   John, Hall, do.   William, Connelly, Virginia   Freedom, Tullas, do.   Franklin, Talman, Curacoa   Peggy, Skelly, Charleston   Sloop Friendship, Brady, Virginia   Betsey, Taylor, do.   Surprize, Bennet, do.   Fanny, Brent, do.   Betsey, Hopkins, Cape-Francia   Sally, Simons, Gouave  
The hurricane season set in at St. Eustatius and St. Kitts, on Monday evening the 14th of last month, and continued until nine the next morning with unabated and violent fury. Five vessels went on shore at St. Eustatius, and 15 at St. Kitts, mostly Americans.
Price of Stocks as in our last.

PRICE CURRENT.
PER QUANTITY.—DOLLARS 100 CENTS each.
PHILADELPHIA, SEPT. 4.
Table with columns for item names (e.g., Anchors, Brandy, Butter, Coffee) and their corresponding prices in dollars and cents.
Table with columns for item names (e.g., Oil, Porter, Pepper, Salt) and their corresponding prices in dollars and cents.
COURSE OF EXCHANGE.
Table showing exchange rates for various locations like London, Amsterdam, and New York.
Stock Brokers Office,
No. 16, Wall-street, NEW-YORK. THE Subscriber intending to confine himself entirely to the PURCHASE & SALE of STOCKS on COMMISSION...
War Department,
August 1st, 1793. INFORMATION is hereby given to all the Military Invalids of the United States, that the sums to which they are entitled for six months of their annual pension...
Treasury Department,
August 27, 1793.
NOTICE is hereby given that proposals will be received until the 15th day of October next, for the supply of all rations which may be required for the use of the United States...
Treasury Department,
August 10, 1793.
NOTICE is hereby given, that Proposals will be received at the Office of the Secretary of the Treasury, until the 14th day of September next, to furnish by contract the following articles of Cloathing...
City of Washington.
JANUARY 7th, 1793. A NUMBER of Lots in this City will be offered for sale at auction, by the Commissioners, on the 17th day of September next.
SEAT of WAR.
For Sale, at M. CAREY's Store, No. 118, Market-street.
A Sheet Map of the
French, Austrian and Dutch Netherlands, in which the progress of the present War may be traced.
Maps of the United
States:—Any public spirited gentlemen, possessed of materials for correcting and improving the Maps of the several States...
Guthrie's Geography:
The subscription for this work will be continued open, at the present rate of twelve dollars, till the first day of November next...
DISTRICT OF PENNSYLVANIA, to wit.
BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the thirteenth day of August, in the eighteenth year of the Independence of the United States of America, THOMAS DOBSON...
By THOMAS JOHNSON, DAVID STUART, & DANIEL CARROLL, Esquires, COMMISSIONERS appointed by Government to prepare the Public Buildings...
A LOTTERY
FOR THE IMPROVEMENT OF THE
FEDERAL CITY.
Table listing prizes and their values, including a Superb Hotel, Cash Prizes, and various other awards.
By this scheme at least the amount of the tickets will return to the fortunate adventurers, and yet the federal City will gain its object thereby...
Tickets may be had of Col. Wm. Dickens, City Treasurer of Washington; Thos. Bartlett, of Charleston, South-Carolina; Gideon Denison, Savannah; Messrs. James West & Co. Baltimore; Mr. Peter Gilman, Bolton; and at such other places as will be hereafter published.
N. B. ONE HUNDRED DOLLARS will be given for the best Plan of an elegant and convenient HOTEL or INN, with hot and cold Baths, Stables, and other out houses...
Agent for the affairs of the City S. BLODGET, March, 6, 1793. TICKETS In the FEDERAL CITY LOTTERY, May be had at SAMUEL COOPER's Ferry.