Gazette of the United-States. (New-York [N.Y.]), 1790-09-29 00:00:00

Gazette of the United States.
PUBLISHED WEDNESDAYS AND SATURDAYS BY JOHN FENNO, No. 41, BROAD-STREET, NEAR THE EXCHANGE, NEW-YORK.
[No. 49, of Vol. II.]
WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 29, 1790.
[WHOLE No. 153.]
COLLECTION LAW.—Continued.
AND be it further enacted, That there shall be allowed and paid to the collectors, naval-officers and surveyors to be appointed pursuant to this act, the fees and per centage following, that is to say: To each collector for every entrance of any ship or vessel of one hundred tons burthen or upwards, two dollars and an half; for every clearance of any ship or vessel of one hundred tons burthen and upwards, two dollars and an half; for every entrance of any ship or vessel under the burthen of one hundred tons, one dollar and an half; for every clearance of a ship or vessel under one hundred tons burthen, one dollar and an half; for every permit to land goods, twenty cents; for every bond taken officially, forty cents; and for every permit to load goods for exportation, which are entitled to a drawback, thirty cents; for every official certificate, twenty cents; for every bill of health, twenty cents; for every other official document (registers excepted) required by the owner or master of any vessel not before enumerated, twenty cents; and where a naval officer is appointed to the same port, the said fees shall be equally divided between the collector and the said naval officer, the latter paying one third of the expense of necessary stationery, and of the rent of an office to be provided by the collector, at the place assigned for his residence, and as conveniently as may be for the trade of the district; and all fees shall, at the option of the collector, be either received by him or by the naval officer, the party receiving to account monthly with the other for his proportion or share thereof. To each surveyor for the admeasurement of every ship or vessel of one hundred tons and under, one cent per ton; for the admeasurement of every ship or vessel above one hundred tons, and not exceeding two hundred tons, one hundred and fifty cents; for the admeasurement of every ship or vessel above two hundred tons, two hundred cents; for all other services by this act to be performed by such surveyor, on board any ship or vessel of one hundred tons and upwards, and having on board goods, wares and merchandise subject to duty, three dollars; for the like services on board any ship or vessel of less than one hundred tons burthen, having on board goods, wares and merchandise subject to duty, one and an half dollar; or all vessels not having on board goods, wares and merchandise subject to duty, two thirds of a dollar; all which fees shall be paid by the master or owner of the ship or vessel in which the said services shall be performed, to the surveyor or by whom they shall be performed, if performed by one only for his sole benefit, but if performed by more than one, to him who shall have the first agency, to be divided in equal parts between him and the other or others by whom the said services shall be performed. To each inspector there shall be allowed for every day he shall be actually employed in aid of the customs, a sum not exceeding one dollar and twenty-five cents, to be paid by the collector out of the revenue, and charged to the United States. To the measurers, weighers and guagers respectively, to be paid by the collector out of the revenue for the measurement of every one hundred bushels of grain, thirty cents; for the measurement of every one hundred bushels of salt, forty cents; for the measurement of every one hundred bushels of coal, fifty cents; for the weighing of every one hundred and twelve pounds, two cents; for the gauging and marking of every cask (to be marked in durable characters with his own name and the quantity) eight cents; for computing the contents of, and (if requested by the party) marking casks containing distilled spirits and wines, three cents per cask; for counting the number of bottles of cyder, beer, ale or porter, one cent per dozen; and in proportion for any greater or less quantity. There shall moreover be allowed to the collectors of the districts of New-York and Philadelphia, three-fourths of one per centum on the amount of all monies by them respectively received on account of duties; and to the collector of each of the other districts by this act established, one per centum on the amount of all monies by them respectively received on the said account of duties.
And whereas the allowances aforesaid will not afford an adequate compensation to the officers herein after mentioned, by reason of the small proportion of business done at the ports to which they respectively belong, although the said officers are necessary to the accommodation of the inhabitants, the facility of commerce, and the security of the revenue. Therefore,
Be it further enacted, That in addition to the fees and emoluments which shall accrue to the said officers from the provisions aforesaid, they shall severally have and be entitled to the respective allowances following, to wit: The collector of the districts of Saint Mary's in the State of Georgia, Brunswick, Beaufort, South Quay, Cherrybone, Folly Landing, Annapolis, Yeocomico, Saint Mary's, Oxford, Sagg-Harbour, Passamaquoddy, the yearly sum of one hundred dollars each. The collectors of the districts of Sunbury and Penobscot, in Massachusetts, the yearly sum of sixty dollars each. The collectors of the districts of Hampton, Snowhill, Bridgetown, Burlington, Frenchmans-Bay, and Edgartown, the yearly sum of fifty dollars each. The surveyors of the ports of Fredericksburg, Smithfield, Port-Royal, Suffolk, West-Point, Richmond, Peterburg and Little Egg-Harbour, the yearly sum of eighty dollars each. The surveyors of the ports of Swansborough, Urbanna, Town-Creek, Albany, Hudson, Stonington, East-Greenwich, and Gloucester, fifty dollars each.
And be it further enacted, That every collector, naval-officer, and surveyor, shall cause to be affixed and constantly kept in some public and conspicuous place of his office, a fair table of the rates of fees and duties demandable by law, and shall give a receipt for the fees he shall receive, specifying the particulars; and in case of failure therein, shall forfeit and pay one hundred dollars, to be recovered with costs, in any court having cognizance thereof, to the use of the informer; and if any officer of the customs shall demand or receive any greater or other fee, compensation or reward, for executing any duty or service required of him by law, he shall forfeit and pay two hundred dollars for each offence, recoverable in manner aforesaid for the use of the party grieved.
And be it further enacted, That the duties and fees to be collected by virtue of this act, shall be payable in gold or silver coin, at the following rates, that is to say: The gold coins of France, England, Spain and Portugal, and all other gold coins of equal fineness, at eighty-nine cents for every penny weight: The Mexican dollar at one hundred cents; the crown of France at one dollar and eleven cents; the crown of England at one dollar and eleven cents; all silver coin of equal fineness, at one dollar and eleven cents per ounce; and cut silver of equal fineness, at one dollar and six cents per ounce.
And be it further enacted, That all the drawbacks allowed by law on the exportation of goods, wares and merchandise imported, shall be paid or allowed by the collector at whose office the said goods, wares and merchandise were originally entered, and not otherwise, retaining one per centum for the benefit of the United States. And that the allowances on dried and pickled fish of the
fisheries of the United States, and on salted provisions of the United States, shall be paid by the collector of the district from which the same shall be exported, without any deduction or abatement.
Provided always, and be it further enacted, That in order to entitle the exporter or exporters of any goods, wares or merchandise, to the benefit of the said drawbacks or allowances, he or she shall previous to putting or lading the same on board of any ship or vessel for exportation, give twenty-four hours notice at least to the collector of the district from which the same are about to be exported, of his, her or their intention to export the same, and of the particulars thereof, and of the casks, cases, chests, boxes, and other packages or parcels containing the same, or of which the same consist, and of their respective marks, numbers and contents, and if imported articles, of the ship or ships, vessel or vessels in which the person or persons for or by whom, and the place or places from which they were imported. And in respect to the said imported articles, proof shall be made to the satisfaction of the said collector, by the oaths of the person or persons (including the said exporter or exporters) through whose hands the said articles shall have passed, according to the best of their knowledge and belief, respecting the due importation of the said articles, according to law and in conformity to such notice of their identity, and of the payment or securing the payment of the duties thereupon. And in respect to the said dried and pickled fish and salted provisions, proof shall be made to the satisfaction of the said collector, according to the circumstances of the case, that the same, if fish, were of the fisheries of the United States; if salted provisions, were salted within the United States. And the said collector shall inspect or cause to be inspected, the goods, wares or merchandise so notified for exportation; and if they shall be found to correspond with the notice and proof concerning the same, the said collector shall grant a permit for lading the same on board the ship or vessel named in such notice, which lading shall be performed under the superintendence of the officer by whom the same shall have been inspected. And the said exporter or exporters shall also make oath that the said goods so notified for exportation, and laden on board the said ship or vessel, are truly intended to be exported to the place whereof notice shall have been given, and are not intended to be relanded within the United States; and shall give bond, with one or more sureties to the satisfaction of the said collector, in a sum equal to the amount of the drawbacks or allowances on such goods, with condition that the said goods, or any part thereof, shall not be relanded in any port or place within the limits of the United States as settled by the late treaty of peace.
And provided further, That the said drawbacks or allowances shall not be paid until at least six months after the exportation of the said goods, and until the said exporter or exporters shall produce to the collector with whom such outward entry is made, a certificate in writing of two reputable merchants at the foreign port or place in which the same were landed, together with the oath of the master and mate of the vessel in which they were exported, certifying the delivery thereof. But in case any vessel shall be cast away, or meet with such unavoidable accidents as to prevent the landing such goods, a protest in due form of law, made by the master and mate, or some of the seamen, or in case no such protest can be had, then the oath of the exporter or exporters, or one of them, shall be received in lieu of the other proofs herein directed, unless there shall be good reason to suspect the truth of such oath, in which case it shall and may be lawful for the collector to require such farther proof as the nature of the case may demand.
Provided lastly, That no goods, wares or merchandise imported, shall be entitled to a drawback of the duties paid or secured to be paid thereon, unless such duties shall amount to twenty dollars at least; nor unless they shall be exported in the same casks, cases, chests, boxes or other packages, and from the district or port into which they were originally imported.
And be it further enacted, That the sums allowed to be paid by law on the exportation of dried or pickled fish, and of salted provisions, shall not be paid unless the same shall amount to three dollars at least upon one entry.
And be it further enacted, That if any goods, wares or merchandise, entered for exportation, with intent to draw back the duties, or to obtain any allowance given by law on the exportation thereof, shall be landed in any port or place within the limits of the United States as aforesaid, all such goods, wares and merchandise, shall be subject to seizure and forfeiture, together with the ship or vessel from which such goods shall be landed, and the vessels or boats used in landing the same; and all persons concerned therein, shall on indictment and conviction thereof, suffer imprisonment for a term not exceeding six months. And for discovery of frauds, and seizure of goods, wares and merchandise, relanded contrary to law, the several officers established by this act, shall have the same powers, and in case of seizure the same proceedings shall be had, as in the case of goods, wares and merchandise imported contrary to law: And for measuring, weighing or guaging goods for exportation, the same fees shall be allowed as in like cases upon the importation thereof.
And be it further enacted, That if any goods, the duties upon which shall have been secured by bond, shall be re-exported by the importer or importers thereof, and if the said bond shall become due before the expiration of the time herein before limited for payment of the drawback upon such goods, it shall be lawful for the collector of the district from which the said goods shall have been exported, to give further credit for so much of the sum due upon such bond, as shall be equal to the amount of the said drawback, until the expiration of the said time limited for payment thereof.
(TO BE CONTINUED.)
War Department, Sept. 9th, 1790.
INFORMATION is hereby given to all the military Invalids of the United States, that the sums to which they are annually entitled, and which will become due on the fourth day of March ensuing, will be paid on the said day, by the Commissioners of the Loans within the states respectively, under such regulations as the President of the United States may direct.
H. KNOX, Secretary for the Department of War.
(The Printers in the respective States are requested to publish the above in their newspapers, for the space of two Months.)
The Mail Diligence, FOR PHILADELPHIA,
LEAVES the Ferry-Stairs, at New-York, Ten minutes after Eight o'clock every morning except Sunday. Stage Office, City Tavern, Broad-Way, New-York June 5, 1790.
PRICE CURRENT.—NEW-YORK.
SEPTEMBER 28—DOLLARS at 8s.
  JAMAICA Spirits, 5/6. Do. 22 inch do. 11. 6/.   Antigua Rum, 4/3. a 5/. Do. 18. inch do. 18/.   St. Croix, do. 4/8. Butt-white oak staves, 35/.   Country, do. 3/4. Pipe do. do. 9/.   Molasses, 2/10. Hoghead do. do. 61. 10/.   Brandy, 7/. Do. do. heading, 8/.   Geneva, 5/6. Irish barrel do. staves, 4/.   Do. in cases, 32/. Hoghead red oak do. 51. 5/.   Muscovado Sugar, 8/. Do. French do. 5/.   Loaf, do. 1/3. Hoghead hoops, 4/.   Lump, do. 1/3 1/2. White oak square timber } 10d. per square foot,   Pepper, 2/10. Red wood, per ton, 18/.   Pimento, 1/6. Fulick, 10/.   Coffee, 1/3. 1/4. Beaver, per lb. 10/.   Indigo, (Carolina) 3/. Out 1 per skin, 9/.   Do. French, 18/. Grey fox, 4/7.   Rice, 26/. Martin, 4/10.   Superfine Flour, 54/. Racoon, 3/6 a 7/6.   Common do. 46/. Muskrat, 10d. a 14d.   Rye do. 30/. Beaver hats, 64/.   Indian Meal, 18/. Castor do. 48/.   Rye, 5/. Chocolate, 14d.   Wheat, 8/. Cocoa, 70/.   Corn, (Southern) 3/6. Cotton, 1/9.   Do. (Northern,) 4/. Tar, pr. bar. 18/.   Beef, first quality, 60/. Pitch, 14/.   Pork, first quality, 105/. Turpentine, 22/.   Oats, 2/2. Tobacco, James River, 4d. 23 1/2.   Flax-seed, 4/6. Do. York, 4d. a 3 3/4.   Ship bread per cwt. 21/. Do. Rappahannock, 2d. a 3 3/4.   Country refined } 28/. Do. Maryland, coloured, 5 3/4.   bar-iron, } 30/. Do. Western-shore, 2d. a 3 3/4.   Do. bloomer, 26/. Lead in pigs, pr cwt. 60/.   Swedes do. 45/. Do. bars, 68/.   Russia do. 30/. Do. Shot, 5/.   Pig-iron, 8/. Red lead, 68/.   German steel, 9d. per lb. White do. dry, 95/.   Nails American, by cask. } 14d. per lb. 4d. White do. in oil, 5/.   Do. do. do. 6d. 12d. Salt-petre hams, 7 1/2.   Do. do. do. 8d. 9 1/2. Spermaceti candles, 3/.   Do. do. do. 10d. } 7 1/2. Mould do. 11d. a 1/.   Do. do. do. 12d. } 8 3/4. Tallow dipt, 10d.   Do. do. do. 14d. } 7 1/2. Soap, 5d. a 8/.   Do. do. do. 16d. } 8 3/4. Cattle soap, 9d. a 10d.   Do. do. do. 18d. } 9 1/2. English cheese, pr. lb. 15/.   Do. do. do. 20d. } 10/. Country do. 5d. 6d.   Do. do. do. 22d. } 10/. Butter, 10d.   Pot ash, per ton, 40/. Hylon tea, 9/.   Pearl ash, 57/. Bequin do. 6/6.   Bees-wax per lb. 2/2. Bohea do. 2/8.   Mackerel per barr. 26/. Ginseng, 2/.   Herring, 18/. Starch Poland, 8d.   Mahogany, Jamaica, } 10d. per foot, Squaff, 2/3.   Dominico, do. 9d. Allum salt, water mea- } 3/6. sure, pr. bush.   Honduras, do. 7d. 8/. Liverpool do. 2/.   Logwood unchipped, pr. ton. Madeira wine, } 60/.   Do. chipped, 14/. pr. pipe, } 90/.   2 inch white oak } 10/. Port, 52/.   plank, per m. } 10/. Lisbon, pr. gal. 5/6.   1 inch do. 5/. Teneriff, 4/2.   2 inch white pine plank, 8/. Fyall, 3/3.   1 1/2 inch do. 6/. Spermaceti do. 6/.   1 inch do. 3/. Shake-down hhd. 3/6.   2 inch pitch pine do. 10/. Dutch gunpowder, pr. cwt. 160/.   Do. 22 inch do. 11. 8/. Nail rods, pr. ton, 36/.   Cedar 2 inch do. 11. 10/. Linseed oil, pr. gal. 5/.   1 1/2 inch do. 6/. Whale do. pr. barrel 50/.   1 inch do. 4/.   Pitch pine scantling, 3/.   Cypress 2 feet shingles, 11. 10/. 
By Order of the Honorable Richard Morris, Esq. Chief Justice of the State of New-York.
NOTICE is hereby given to Lewis M c Donald, of Connecticut, an absent debtor, that upon application and due proof made to the said chief justice by a creditor of the said Lewis M c Donald, pursuant to an act of the Legislature of the said State, entitled, "An act for relief against absconding and absent debtors," passed the 4th April, 1786; he, the said chief justice, has directed all the said Lewis M c Donalds estate, within this State, to be seized, and that unless he shall discharge his debts within twelve months after the publication of this notice, the same will be sold for the payment of his creditors. Dated the 3d May, 1790. (1w. 1y.)
TREASURY DEPARTMENT, Sept. 20, 1790.
IT is hereby made known, that the following arrangement has been adopted towards carrying into execution the Act, making provision for the debt of the United States, viz.
Loan-Office Certificates, and those issued by the Commissioners for the adjustment of accounts in the several States, will be receivable only at the Treasury and by the respective Commissioners of Loans within the States in which they were respectively issued. The Certificates issued by the Register of the Treasury, by the Pay Master General and Commissioner of Army Accounts, by the Commissioners for the adjustment of the Accounts of the Quarter Master's, Commissary's, Hospital, Clothing, and Marine Departments, Indents of Interest, and Bills of Old Emission, will be receivable indiscriminately at the Treasury and by the Commissioners of all the States. The situation of the Checks has dictated this arrangement for the greater security of the public against impositions by forged or counterfeit paper, and the details which have been adopted from the same consideration for the execution of the business are such, that it will give facility and dispatch, if applications from the Holders of Certificates of the Register of the Treasury and of the Paymaster General, and Commissioner of Army Accounts, and of the Commissioners of the five Departments above mentioned, are made in the first instance at the Treasury; and if applications from the Holders of Loan Office Certificates, and Certificates issued by the Commissioners for the adjustment of Accounts in the respective States, are made in like manner to the Commissioners of Loans within the States in which they were issued. Transfers can afterwards be made to any Office that the Proprietors of these Certificates may desire.
The Printers in the several States are requested to insert this.

THOUGHTS ON GOVERNMENT,
APPLICABLE TO THE PRESENT STATE OF THE AMERICAN COLONIES.
Written in the Year 1776,
By the VICE-PRESIDENT of the UNITED STATES,
Then a Member of Congress;
In a LETTER to the Hon. GEORGE WYTHE, of VIRGINIA.
MY DEAR SIR,
IF I was equal to the task of forming a plan for the government of a colony, I should be flattered with your request, and very happy to comply with it; because as the divine science of politics is the science of social happiness, and the blessings of society depend entirely on the constitutions of government, which are generally institutions that last for many generations, there can be no employment more agreeable to a benevolent mind, than a research after the best.
Pope flattered tyrants too much when he said
"For forms of government let fools contest."
"That which is best administered is best."
Nothing can be more fallacious than this: But poets read history to collect flowers not fruits—they attend to fanciful images, not the effects of social institutions. Nothing is more certain from the history of nations, and the nature of man, than that some forms of government are better fitted for being well administered than others.
We ought to consider, what is the end of government, before we determine which is the best form.—Upon this point all speculative politicians will agree, that the happiness of society is the end of government, as all divine and moral philosophers will agree that the happiness of the individual is the end of man. From this principle it will follow, that the form of government, which communicates ease, comfort, security, or in one word happiness to the greatest number of persons, and in the greatest degree, is the best.
All sober enquirers after truth, ancient and modern, Pagan and Christian, have declared that the happiness of man, as well as his dignity consists in virtue. Confucius, Zoroaster, Socrates, Mahomet, not to mention authorities really sacred, have agreed in this.
If there is a form of government then, whose principle and foundation is virtue, will not every sober man acknowledge it better calculated to promote the general happiness than any other form?
Fear is the foundation of most governments; but is so sordid and brutal a passion, and renders men, in whose breasts it predominates, so stupid, and miserable, that Americans will not be likely to approve of any political institution which is founded on it.
Honour is truly sacred, but holds a lower rank in the scale of moral excellence than virtue. Indeed the former is but a part of the latter, and consequently has not equal pretensions to support a frame of government productive of human happiness.
The foundation of every government is some principle or passion in the minds of the people. The noblest principles and most generous affections in our nature then, have the fairest chance to support the noblest and most generous models of government.
A man must be indifferent to the sneers of modern Englishmen, to mention in their company, the names of Sidney, Harrington, Locke, Milton, Nedham, Neville, Burnet, and Hoadley. No small fortitude is necessary to confess that one has read them. The wretched condition of this country, however, for ten or fifteen years past, has frequently reminded me of their principles and reasonings. They will convince any candid mind, that there is no good government but what is Republican. That the only valuable part of the British Constitution is so; because the very definition of a Republic, is "an Empire of Laws, and not of Men." That, as a Republic is the best of governments, so that particular arrangement of the powers of society, or in other words that form of government, which is best contrived to secure an impartial and exact execution of the laws, is the best of Republics.
Of Republics, there is an inexhaustible variety, because the possible combinations of the powers of society, are capable of innumerable variations.
As good government, is an empire of laws, how shall your laws be made? In a large society, inhabiting an extensive country it is impossible that the whole should assemble, to make laws: The first necessary step then, is, to depute power from the many, to a few of the most wise and good.—But by what rules shall you choose your Representatives? Agree upon the number and qualifications of persons, who shall have the benefit of choosing, or annex this privilege to the inhabitants of a certain extent of ground.
The principal difficulty lies, and the greatest care should be employed in constituting this Representative Assembly. It should be in miniature, an exact portrait of the people at large. It should think, feel, reason, and act like them. That it may be the interest of this assembly to do strict justice at all times, it should be an equal representation, or in other words equal interest among the people should have equal interest in it. Great care should be taken to effect this, and to prevent unfair, partial, and corrupt elections. Such regulations, however, may be better made in times of greater tranquility than the present, and they will spring up of themselves naturally, when all the powers of government come to be in the hands of the people's friends. At present it will be safest to proceed in all established modes to which the people have been familiarised by habit.
A representation of the people in one Assembly being obtained, a question arises whether all the powers of government, legislative, executive, and judicial, shall be left in this body? I think a people cannot be long free, nor ever happy, whose government is in one Assembly. My reasons for this opinion are as follows.
1. A single Assembly liable to all the vices, follies and frailties of an individual. Subject to fits of humour, starts of passion, flights of enthusiasm, partialities, of prejudice, and consequently productive of hasty results and absurd judgments: And all these errors ought to be corrected and defects supplied by some controlling power.
2. A single assembly is apt to be avaricious, and in time will not scruple to exempt itself from burthens which it will lay, without compunction, on its constituents.
3. A single Assembly is apt to grow ambitious, and after a time will not hesitate to vote itself perpetual. This was one fault of the long Parliament, but more remarkably of Holland, whose Assembly first voted themselves from annual to septennial, then for life, and after a course of years, that all vacancies happening by death, or otherwise, should be filled by themselves, without any application to constituents at all.
4. A Representative Assembly, altho' extremely well qualified, and absolutely necessary, as a branch of the legislature, is unfit to exercise the executive power, for want of two essential properties, secrecy and dispatch.
5. A Representative Assembly is still less qualified for the judicial power; because it is too numerous, too slow, and too little skilled in the laws.
6. Because a single Assembly, possessed of all the powers of government, would make arbitrary laws for their own interest, execute all laws arbitrarily, for their own interest, and adjudge all controversies in their own favour.
But shall the whole power of legislation rest in one Assembly? Most of the foregoing reasons apply equally to prove that the legislative power ought to be more complex—to which we may add, that if the legislative power be wholly in one Assembly, and the executive in another, or in a single person, these two powers will oppose and encroach upon each other, until the contest shall end in war, and the whole power, legislative and executive, be usurped by the strongest.
The judicial power, in such case, could not mediate, or hold the balance between the two contending powers, because the legislative would undermine it. And this shews the necessity too, of giving the executive power a negative upon the legislative, otherwise this will be continually encroaching upon that.
To avoid these dangers let a distinct Assembly be constituted, as a mediator between the two extreme branches of the legislature, that which represents the people and that which is vested with the executive power.
Let the Representative Assembly then elect by ballot, from among themselves or their constituents, or both, a distinct Assembly, which for the sake of perspicuity we will call a Council. It may consist of any number you please, say twenty or thirty, and should have a free and independent exercise of its judgment, and consequently a negative voice in the legislature.
These two bodies thus constituted, and made integral parts of the legislature; let them unite, and by joint ballot choose a Governor, who, after being stripped of most of those badges of domination called prerogatives, should have a free and independent exercise of his judgment, and be made also an integral part of the legislature. This I know is liable to objections, and if you please you may make him only President of the Council, as in Connecticut: But as the Governor is to be invested with the executive power, with consent of Council, I think he ought to have a negative upon the legislative. If he is annually elective, as he ought to be, he will always have so much reverence and affection for the people, their Representatives and Counsellors, that although you give him an independent exercise of his judgment, he will seldom use it in opposition to the two houses, except in cases the public utility of which would be conspicuous, and some such cases would happen.
In the present exigency of American affairs, when, by an act of Parliament we are put out of the royal protection, and consequently discharged from our allegiance; and it has become necessary to assume government for our immediate security, the Gov. Lieut. Gov. Secretary, Treasurer, Comm'ry, Attorney-General, should be chosen by joint ballot, of both Houses. And these and all other elections, especially of Representatives and Counsellors, should be annual, there not being in the whole circle of the sciences, a maxim more infallible than this, "Where annual elections end, there slavery begins."
These great men, in this respect, should be, once a year
"Like bubbles on the sea of matter borne,
"They rise, they break, and to that sea return."
(To be concluded in our next.)
FOR THE GAZETTE OF THE UNITED STATES.
MR. EDITOR,
SPECULATION in public securities, or the debts of the United States, and the individual States, began with the debts themselves—it is a necessary and uniform consequence of paper representatives of specie, on any principle whatever, funded or not funded: In the former case, it is seldom injurious when the funds are good and sacredly applied: In the latter it is always carried to excess—and is attended with pernicious effects.
The United States, previous to the adoption of the new Constitution, possessed no funds—because they had no legislative power. A vain confidence, however, in the success of congressional requisitions, procured a circulation for a time, of the many millions of paper which the old Congress issued. A failure on the part of the respective States in complying with the requisitions, laid the foundation of that immense depreciation which followed—and opened the flood gates of speculation. For a considerable time before the dissolution of the old government, the receipts into the Treasury of the United States, were said to be little more than sufficient to pay the officers of government: These, however, it is to be presumed, were punctually paid, as very few of them appeared anxious for a change.
A debt situated as that of the United States was, must have been in desperate circumstances—and it is demonstrable, that before this day, it would have totally sunk in the hands of the possessors, but for the new Constitution. How far this was the wish of many of the opposers of a change in our political situation, time may develop—but at present, thank Heaven, it is not material to investigate. The time is now come, when the business of speculation, it is to be hoped, will be brought to very narrow limits, and become so unproductive, as to be not worth pursuing: And in order to effect this great and valuable object, it is become necessary that confidence in the faith and honor of government, should take place of that distrust and jealousy, which have led too many of our citizens to sacrifice their hard earned property for a very trifling consideration.
The business of speculation, in its first stages, was carried on in a very exceptionable and disingenuous manner: The country was filled with a set of itinerant sharpers, who gulled the unwary and uninformed out of their property by every species of deception: This mode of prosecuting the business, was the only one in which it was carried on for a considerable time—but the establishment of offices in the capital towns on the continent, produced an open and fair market—and the same principles which apply in other branches of traffic, obtaining in this also, it then became the interest of the negotiators to buy and sell on the lowest terms. This open market broke up the itinerants in a great measure, and afforded every possessor an opportunity to get the highest price that could possibly be obtained for his paper. It is however said, that the ambulatory tribe is not extinct—but that the late rise in public paper has added wings to their feet—and in many instances the credulous and unsuspecting have suffered by sudden and hasty sales.
It is surely high time that confidence in the government should possess the minds of the public creditors universally: Those whose faith has not failed them for several months past, have ad-
ded more than one hundred per cent. to their property—and if they will but hope unto the end of March next, they must find their account in it.
You, Mr. Editor have done well in publishing a price current of Public Securities, since the Funding Bill passed: It has been very serviceable to many of my neighbors; they are however, at a loss to account for the fluctuation which sometimes appears. I tell them to be steady—for no possible reason can be given (that should influence the creditors at large) why the public paper should be at one price to day, and at a less price to morrow—I tell them also that these variations are owing to local considerations only, which may be easily explained.—You may hear from me again. C R I T O.
MADRID, July 9.
OUR dispute with England remains just in the state it was, and has not taken a more amicable turn since the arrival of Mr. Fitzherbert—the Spanish Ministry keeping firm to the following
DECLARATION.
signed and delivered by the Comte Florida Blanca, at Aranjuez, on the 4th of June 1790, to the English Charge des Affaires:
"THE King, informed of the Representation presented at the office of his Ministers on the 16th of May, by the Sieur Matty, Chargé des Negotiations of his Britannic Majesty, respecting the disputes arisen between this Court and that of Great-Britain, on account of the vessels detained at the port of St. Laurent, or Nootka, on the coast of California, in the South Sea—has ordered the undersigned, his first Secretary of State, to reply to the said Sieur Chargé des Negotiations of England, that which he had the honor to inform him verbally of, and in writing, on the 13th of May, viz.
"That his Majesty never did, or will pretend in this port, or in any other seas or places whatever, to any rights but such as belong to his crown by solemn treaties with all nations, and especially with Great Britain, founded on such treaties, and on the consent of the people, by a well known and immemorial possession.
"That he will consent to an examination and discussion of all these points, for the purpose of accomplishing a pacific and friendly negotiation, as soon as he can have an interview with the new Ambassador, and that his justice will indemnify the parties concerned, and he will disapprove of the conduct, and punish his subjects, if it appears they have exceeded their legitimate rights: This offer, and this satisfaction, is to serve as an example to the Court of London, to do as much on its side.
The two courts of London and Madrid not having yet received sufficiently detailed proofs of what has really passed in those distant places, has caused some difference in the exposition and acceptance of facts; for the processe verbal drawn up by the Vice-Roy of New-Spain, of whom they have been required, are not arrived at this moment.
"It is known by posterior accounts, that the vessel or English packet boat l'Argonaute, was not detained and confiscated until after a judicial examination had been made; and also, that a bystander, or small vessel, named the Princess Royal, which arrived afterwards, would only have been detained and not confiscated, and that the Vice-Roy would have made restitution, or have set her at liberty, on the Capt. entering into an obligation to pay the value, in case she should be deemed a lawful prize, being the same terms on which a Portuguese ship from Macao, and two belonging to the American colonies, were set at liberty. In like manner, all, which shall be proved not to belong legitimately to this Court, will be given up immediately, as soon as the pieces justificatives are arrived.
"The first time that our ambassador discoursed with the ministry of London (the 10th February) on this subject, many circumstances could not be ascertained which are now certain, either of the respective acts of possession of Spain on this coast and ports, anterior and posterior to those cited at the said office, and many others which will be set forth, and submitted in a pacific negotiation; and if the court of London, when it was answering the complaints made on the part of the King against the traders which Spain regard as usurpers and violators of Treaties, had made an answer conformable to the desire at present manifested, of examining and settling these contestations amicably, considerable expences and disagreeable circumstances would have been avoided. The disagreeable terms and conditions of the answer of the British Ministry, and that at a time when it is avowed no authentic information is arrived, threw the Spanish cabinet into suspicions, which made them fear this dispute was only to serve as a pretext to break entirely with our Court, which has induced it to take some precautions on the subject."
VIENNA, July 17.
An Estafette arrived here yesterday at seven o'clock in the morning, with the melancholy intelligence of the death of our illustrious General LOUDON.
He died on the 14th inst. at eleven o'clock in the forenoon. His impatience under the medi-

real application—the impetuous ardor of his character, and the knowledge, above all, of his importance in the war, contributed to irritate his mind, and promote the violence of his fever.—He resisted the application of Cataplasms, before and after the incisions made, with a fatal obstinacy, which raised the inflammation to such a height, that he expired under the accession of the fever.
The grief of the Royal Family is excessive.—Every breast here however echoes responsive regrets for the loss of this great commander. His corpse was brought here yesterday, to receive the honors due to his rank—and afterwards to be transported to his estate of Adelsdorf, for interment in the vault erected by himself in the parish of Maria Brunn.
The command of his army is conferred, for the present, upon his Excellency the Mareschal Comte Joseph de Coloredo.
A courier arrived here lately from Reichenbach bearing, it is said, dispatches relative to the election of a new Emperor.
STOCKHOLM, July 13.
An unsuccessful attempt made by the King of Sweden to destroy the Russian coasting squadron at Viborg, and the approach of the Prince de Nassau with the Cronstadt division, had already rendered the position of the Swedes at the entrance of Viborg Bay extremely critical, when the scarcity of ammunition, and the want of provisions, made their return to their own ports a measure of necessity.
The King resolved therefore to avail himself of a strong easterly wind, which set in on the 3d, and to set sail with both fleets for Swensk-Sund and Sweaborg.
The grand fleet had to penetrate thro' a narrow pass, and to sustain the fire of four Russian line of battle ships, two of which were placed on each side of the Strait. After this it had to engage the whole of Admiral Tschitschakoff's line, which was drawn up along the coast, at a small distance, while his frigates were ranged among the islands which lie nearer the shore.
The Swedish van, under Admiral Modee, passed the Strait, without suffering any essential loss, firing with great spirit both broadsides against the enemy. The cannonade from the four Russian ships was however so powerful, and continued to be so well supported, that it was resolved by the Duke of Sudermania to make an attempt to burn them. But this operation proved so unsuccessful, that the fire ships employed in it were driven upon one of his Royal Highness's own line of battle ships, and a frigate, both of which blew up.
This accident seems to have caused a degree of confusion among the ships that were to follow, four, of which struck upon the rocks, and were left to the mercy of the enemy.
On their farther course along the coast, with a diminished force, the Swedes lost two more ships of the line, which were taken by the enemy. The engagement continued all night, and part of the next day [the 4th], on the evening of which the Duke of Sudermania arrived at Sweaborg.
The fate of the coasting fleet is not so exactly known, no official accounts having yet been received from it: But it is certain that the King arrived the same evening in Swensk-Sund, with a large part of the fleet, having lost six gallies, with eight hundred men (of the guards) which were taken by the Russians, besides a number of smaller vessels taken or sunk, reported to amount to sixty. The whole loss in men, on the part of the Swedes, is estimated at seven thousand.
His Swedish Majesty, having supplied the remains of his squadron with provisions and ammunition, and having been joined by the division under M. de Cronstadt, which had not been able to reach the Bay of Viborg, is already sailed again, with a view to prevent the Prince of Nassau, who is said to be advancing with the Cronstadt and Viborg squadrons, from getting into the port of Fredericksham.
LONDON, July 16.
Mr. Fitzherbert, we understand, will certainly leave Madrid on the 10th Aug. The consideration of all terms of accommodation between the Courts of Madrid and London terminate on that day.—The answer then must be final, and that answer is already well understood: Etiquette, and the Treaty and Faith of Nations preclude hostilities before that day—in the mean time, the fleets of each power will be at sea, and waiting for their final instructions in a certain latitude, which will be communicated to them by swift sailing frigates or cutters.
Authentic accounts were received yesterday at the Admiralty, of the Grand Spanish Fleet being at this time cruising in the Bay of Biscay, in considerable force.
As hostilities may be reasonably expected forthwith to commence, it is more than probable from the vigor of the Ministry, and the high and superior condition of our fleet, that an important blow may be struck before the 20th of this month.
ADDRESS to the KING, by Monf. de la Fayette, in the name and at the head of the National Guards of France, on the 13th of July:
SIRE,
IN the course of those memorable events which have restored to us our unalienable rights, and at a time when the energy of the people, and the virtues of the King, have presented such great examples to the surrounding nations, it is our happiness to revere in your Majesty the most glorious of all titles, that of Chief of the French, and King of a free People.
May you enjoy, Sire, the reward of your virtue; and may this pure respect and homage, which despotism cannot command, constitute the glory and recompense of a Citizen King.
It was your desire that we should possess a Constitution, founded upon liberty and public order. All your wishes, Sire, shall be accomplished:—Our liberty is secured, and our zeal is the guarantee of public order.
The National Guards of France, swear to your Majesty an obedience that knows no other bounds than the law, and a love which will end only with our lives.
Answer of the King of the French,
To the Federative Deputies of the Eighty-three Departments of the National Guards, at the Thuilleries, on the 13th inst.
I RECEIVE with much sensibility the testimonies of love and attachment which you give me in the name of the National Guards, united in all parts of Europe.
May the solemn day, on which you are to renew in common our oath to the Nation, pass over without dissention, and may it serve to strengthen the calm, and establish the reign of the Laws, and of Liberty, throughout the realm!
Defenders of the public Peace, of the Laws, and of Liberty! consider that your first duty is the maintenance of order, and obedience to the laws; that the benefits of a free Constitution ought to be equal to all; that the more free we are, the more serious become offences against the liberty and property of others—the more criminal become acts of violence and outrage, when they are not committed by command.
Report to your fellow-citizens, that I wish I could speak to them all as I speak to you here. Tell them that their King is their Father, their Brother, their Friend—that he cannot be happy but in their welfare—great but in their glory—powerful but in their Liberty—rich but in their prosperity—and that he only suffers in their afflictions. Above all, make known the words, or rather the sentiments of my heart, in the humble cottages, and in the retreats of the unfortunate. Tell them, that though I cannot go along with you in their asylums, I wish to do so; and that both in my affection, and by the laws which are the protection of the feeble, I will watch over them. Say, in fine, to the different provinces of my kingdom, that the more that circumstances will permit me to fulfil the wish I have formed of visiting them with my family, the happier it will make my heart."
FROM THE BOSTON GAZETTE.
AS Congress in the Impost Law have conformed to the new money of account established by the late Congress, which alone may make it interesting to many to become acquainted therewith, but still more so, if this beginning should lead to the establishment of this new mode of reckoning, in the ordinary business of life. With whatever advantage the regular simplicity of this mode may be attended after it shall become generally known, it may, nevertheless, like all other innovations, be productive of perplexity in the commencement, merely through want of the habit of a familiarity; therefore some such table as this below may be found not altogether useless, but may contribute to the convenience of a considerable number of the good people of these United States, with this view it is published.
CENTS turned into shillings, pence, and farthings, with the decimal fractions of a farthing in the currency of the several States of the Union where the dollar is rated at 4/8. 6/. 7/6. 8/.
Table with 5 main columns: 4/8, 6/, 7/6, 8/, and CENTS. Each column contains sub-columns for dollars (d.) and cents (q.). Rows 1-10 show conversions for 1 to 10 cents. Rows 11-20 show conversions for 11 to 20 cents. Rows 21-30 show conversions for 21 to 30 cents. Rows 31-40 show conversions for 31 to 40 cents. Rows 41-50 show conversions for 41 to 50 cents. Rows 51-60 show conversions for 51 to 60 cents. Rows 61-70 show conversions for 61 to 70 cents. Rows 71-80 show conversions for 71 to 80 cents. Rows 81-90 show conversions for 81 to 90 cents. Rows 91-100 show conversions for 91 to 100 cents.
Note. That the figures, which follow the point, or period, placed after the farthings, are so many hundred parts of another farthing.
FREDERICKSBURG, Sept. 16.
The Hon. JAMES MADISON, jun. RICHARD B. LEE, JOHN PAGE, ALEXANDER WHITE, WILLIAM B. GILES, and JOSIAH PARKER, Esqrs. are re-elected members of the House of Representatives of the United States, from their respective districts.
NEW-YORK, SEPTEMBER 29.
Extract of a letter from New-London, dated September 26. The brig —, Captain Howard, arrived here yesterday from Amsterdam; on the 10th August he spoke the British packet, bound to America, two days from Falmouth, from which he was informed that a compromise of all differences between Spain and Great-Britain, had taken place.
On the 21st inst. Capt. Davis arrived at Boston, in 6 weeks from London, and brings official accounts of the above intelligence.
Accounts from Pittsburg of 4th instant inform that Messrs. Elliot and Williams, contractors, have forwarded a number of Kentucky boats to Wheeling, to convey the Militia, drafted to go on some special service, to their place of general rendezvous.
The new parliament of Great Britain, which was to have met 10th August is prorogued to 12th October.
The principle of rotation does not appear to have influenced in the late election of Representatives for the State of Virginia: So far as accounts have come to hand, the members of the first house are elected for the second. It can hardly be sup-
posed that the people of that State, could have chosen characters more attached to its interests, or more competent to supporting them.—Why then should they change?
WILLIAM B. GILES, Esq. is the gentleman who was elected to supply the vacancy occasioned by the death of Col. Bland—and will take his seat at the next session in December.
Americans once gloried in the name of Englishman—and there always has been a number of characters in that nation, who are an honor to human nature: In all periods of the American war, this country found intrepid friends there, who advocated our cause, as the cause of freedom and humanity—Their virtues will ever be precious, and their memories treasured in the bosom of philanthropy: The late celebration in London of the Anniversary of the French revolution does honor to the distinguished characters concerned, and adds a wreath to the chaplet which adorns those who have long signalized themselves as friends to Universal Freedom, and the equal Rights of Man.
If the account of the fleet contained in the letter from London, published in our last, is authentic, and we have every reason to suppose it is, it verifies an observation, made by some enlightened politicians during the late war, "that Great Britain, without a commercial connection with America, would not be able to man her fleets, or support her naval consequence." It is difficult to account for the English fleet's being in port on the 17th Aug. when the Spanish fleet put to sea the 20th July, but on the idea of their not being able to man their ships.
ARRIVALS SINCE OUR LAST. —NEW-YORK. Sloop Delight, Wells, Curracoa, 30 days. Fortune, Bool, Port-au-Prince, 21. Ship Harriot, Bond, George-Town, in distress, bound for Amsterdam, having sprung a leak. Brig Sufannah, Derry, Madeira, 35.
TO CORRESPONDENTS. The "Tablet, No. 145," "Discourses on Davila, No. 21," and "Bionis Idyllium Secundum, paraphrased," are unavoidably omitted. The Marriage Article is not inserted, because we cannot vouch for the authenticity of the information.
PRICE CURRENT.—PUBLIC SECURITIES. FINAL SETTLEMENTS 12 3/4. 12 3/4. INDENTS 7 1/2. 7 1/2. STATE SECURITIES 8/.
TREASURY DEPARTMENT, Sept. 28, 1790.
NOTICE is hereby given, that proposals will be received at the Office of the Secretary of the Treasury, until the 31st day of December next inclusive, for the building of a LIGHT HOUSE, nearly of the dimensions proposed by the late Commissioners of Virginia and Maryland, upon the lot of land on Cape Henry, in the County of Princess Ann, and State of Virginia, lately ceded for that purpose to the United States. It is desired, that the proposals may leave the election, whether the building above the foundation shall be of brick or faced with hewn or hammer-dressed stone, and as the cost and charges of those materials vary, it is expected, that a corresponding difference will be made in the terms offered.
The foundation of the Light-House is to be of stone, and sunk to the depth of thirteen feet below the water table, over the top of which the pavement is to be laid. The diameter thereof is to be twenty seven feet six inches, with a vacancy of about nine feet in the centre.
The diameter of the base is to be twenty six feet, at which place the thickness of the walls is to be six feet. The height from the bottom of the water table to the top of the stone work is to be seventy two feet, where the diameter is to be six feet six inches, and the thickness of the walls three feet. The form is to be an octagon, having three windows in the east, and four in the west. If it be built of brick, it is to be faced with the glassy kind, if of stone, it is to be faced with hewn or hammer-dressed stone.
On the top of the stone work is to be a floor of joists, bedded therein, planked over and covered with copper, extending about two feet eight inches beyond the wall, thereby forming an eve, which is to be finished with a cornice, the whole having a descent from the centre sufficient to throw off the water.
The lantern is to be supported by eight posts of wrought Iron of three inches square and twenty feet in length, ten feet of which are to be wrought into the stone wall on the inner part at each corner. The diameter of it is to be ten feet, leaving a platform on the outside thereof of about six feet in width. All the work above this is to be of iron and copper. The lantern is to be ten feet high, having a semicircular roof of five feet more, with iron rafters covered with copper. The whole space between the posts supporting the lantern, is to be occupied by the fishes, which are to be made of iron, each fish is to have twenty-eight panes of glass, twelve by fourteen inches. One of the fishes on the fourth west side is to be hung with hinges for a door to go out upon the platform, from the outer part of which to the roof of the lantern is to be a frame of iron covered with a net work of strong brass wire, to preserve the glass from injuries by hail and flights of birds in the night.
The rafters of the lantern are to be well fastened to an iron hoop, over which is a copper funnel, through which the smoke may pass into a large copper ventilator in the form of a man's head, capable of containing one hundred gallons. This head is to be so placed as to be turned by a large vane on the spire above it, that the hole for venting the smoke may always be to the leeward. Eight dormant ventilators of six inches diameter are to be fixed in the roof of the lantern.
A close stove is to be provided and fixed in the lantern, which is to be furnished with eight lamps, each capable of containing six quarts, hung in two tiers over each other transversely. There are to be six flights of stairs to ascend to the lantern, the entrance to which is to be by a door covered with copper. The building is to be furnished with two conductors, to secure it from the effects of lightning.
A frame house is to be built for the keeper, twenty feet square, two stories high, with a frame kitchen; the whole to be finished with lath and plaster.
A vault for the storage and safe keeping of the oil is to be built of stone at a convenient distance, twelve feet wide, and twenty in length. It is to be arched, and covered with earth or sand, over which a shed is to be built, and it is to be furnished with eight strong cedar cisterns with covers, each capable of containing two hundred gallons of oil. The entrance is to be secured by a strong door.
Good security for the faithful performance of the contract will be expected. Payments on account will be made at proper stages of the work, and the balance will be paid on its completion: or, if a suitable difference should be made in the terms, cash will be advanced for the purchase of materials and provisions.
The Printers in the several States are requested to insert this.

Celebration of the Anniversary of French Freedom.
LONDON, JULY 16, 1790.
UPWARDS of six hundred Gentlemen assembled at the crown and anchor Tavern, on Wednesday. The great room was quite full, and many gentlemen dined in other apartments. They all wore the national cockade.
Short and applicable invocations were made to the Supreme Being before and after dinner, by Dr. Rees and Dr. Towers; and the Earl of Stanhope proposed the following toasts:
 1. The Majesty of the People.  2. The Nation, the Law, and the King.  3. The glorious Revolution in France.  4. The Triumph of Liberty in the destruction of the Bastile. 
While this toast was drunk, a stone, which was a part of the Bastile, was exhibited, surmounted by the cockade of freedom.
 5. The National Assembly of France. 
Here the following Song, written for the occasion, was sung.
I. GALLANT Nation, foes no more! Gen'rous Britons hail the day, That from Gallia's cultur'd shore Chas'd tyrannic pow'r away.  II. Late a band of Patriots rose, Firm in freedom's glorious cause; Feeble Slaves in vain oppose Rights secur'd by equal laws.  III. Myrtle wreaths entwining their brows, Branchy myrtle decks the blade While like us, they pay their vows To each Patriot Hero's shade.  IV. Hampden, Sydney, names rever'd! Boast of Albion's sea girt isle, Martyr'd Russell, shade endear'd! On this day propitious smile.  V. Transatlantic spirits bend, Pleas'd our festive rites to see, Franklin! freedom's ablest friend! Warren and Montgomery!  VI. Martial youths, in Britain bred, Kindle with congenial zeal, Freedom's path resolv'd to tread, Jealous of the public weal.  VII. Should tyrannic force again Raise her Hydra heads on high, Welcome, then, the hostile plain, Freemen dauntless dare to die.  VIII. Verdant Myrtle's branchy pride Shall my thirsty blade entwining, Such, HARMODIUS, deck'd thy fide! Such ARISTOGITON bethine.
The Earl of Stanhope introduced the next toast in a short and pointed address, in which he said, that the company was assembled together that day to celebrate one of the greatest and most important Revolutions that had ever happened. It had restored to the rights of men twenty four millions of human beings.—It had destroyed a government of foul corruption, intrigue and tyranny—and, on the utter ruin of a system of slavery, it had in the short space of one year established a government, founded on the natural equality of men. They had even in this glorious system improved on the constitution of England, for they had not only established civil, but religious liberty. They had no laws to complain of, such as disgraced our Statute Book. They did not restrain their women from going out of the kingdom, lest they should be converted from their religion—nor had they any law by which their clergy, by fasting and prayer, were enabled to cast out devils. They had abolished tythes, and they had made a provision, that no description of men should be driven from offices of trust, because they had the bad fortune or the good fortune to differ from the established church.
Having concluded a very handsome eulogium on their conduct, by saying that in many things they had given us a lesson, from which we ought, in virtuous emulation, to improve, he gave as the next toast.
 6. An end to all jealousies between Britain and France—and may they vie with each other in extending to all the other nations of the earth, peace, virtue and liberty. 
Dr. Price, in a short paper, paid an elegant compliment to the grand system of liberty they had established. It was an union between philosophy and politics; for in its spirit it not only went to give the people of France their just enjoyment of liberty, but it looked abroad to other nations, and held forth peace and good will to all people, as fellow beings and as brethren. The people of France particularly pointed to England, as to the country with which, for their mutual interest, and for the interests of mankind, they wished most eagerly to be united. He knew from the most respectable quarter, that they were not only desirous of this, but that an offer of such an alliance was likely to be made. If so, what must not be the effect of such an alliance on all the nations of the earth! Holland on this side of the globe, and America on the other,
would join the grand confederacy, and, thus united, they would ensure peace to the whole world. He concluded with expressing in a sentiment, what must be the cordial wish of all men on the subject.
 7. A league between Great-Britain and France for perpetuating peace, and making the world happy. 
 8. To the memory of those Patriots in France who have lost their lives in fighting for the liberties of their country. 
The Earl of Stanhope here read to the company the oath which the National Assembly have prepared for the King, to take on the day of the General Confederation.
 9. M. de la Fayette, M. Bailli, and M. de Mirabeau, M. de Rabau de St. Etienne, and the rest of the Patriots of France. 
 10. M. Sheridan, and the rest of the Patriots of England, who have defended against prejudice, the French Revolution. 
Mr. Sheridan, in a most eloquent speech, returned thanks to the numerous body, for the very warm and gratifying manner in which they had done him the honor to drink his health. It was a most ample reward for his public conduct, to be so honored by a meeting of men, assembled from their pure attachment to freedom; and he assured them, that the sentiments he had expressed on the French Revolution, he should carry with him through life. In every situation he should act on the same principles; for, in his mind, though it would be a most narrow thing to object to the French Revolution, if it did nothing more than secure to Frenchmen their just and natural rights, yet it was pregnant with the most beneficent consequences to this country, and to human kind. We know from fatal experience, that the old Monarchy of France, ever looked forward to war as the means of preserving and augmenting its tyranny. We already have a proof in the conduct of the National Assembly, that they were actuated by a very different spirit. The expressions of good will which the noble Chairman had so truly ascribed to them, and the intention which Dr. Price had stated, that they entertained of proposing an alliance with this country, were so advantageous to Great-Britain and to mankind, that they demanded the most marked return of kindness and good will from us. It had struck him and other gentlemen, that our feelings on the subject should be expressed in something more pointed than a toast, and with the permission of the company he would move a few words in the way of resolution. He then moved that it be resolved "That this meeting does most cordially rejoice in the establishment and confirmation of liberty in France; and that it beholds with peculiar satisfaction the sentiments of amity and good will which appear to pervade that country towards this; especially at a time when it is the manifest interest of both States that neither should interrupt the harmony which at present subsists between them, and which is so essential to the freedom and happiness not only of both nations, but of all mankind."
This resolution was received by the whole Meeting, with the most vehement acclamations of applause, and which were damped only for a time by
Mr. Horne Tooke representing himself, and mounting the table to speak, a general murmur ran through the room, and it was sometime before he could be heard. At length he was suffered to begin. He said, when he was a younger man, he flattered the women, but he disdained to flatter men. He was utterly careless of the applause of the company. He knew of better rewards than their favor, and he should be happy even in their disapprobation. He desired they would in their resolution, mark the distinction between this government and that of France. They had to build a ship from the keel. We had a ship with a sound bottom, but which had only gathered some concretions, and wanted to be docked.
Mr. Sheridan then shortly animadverted on some passages of what Mr. Tooke had said. He should not depart from what he had said, that the approbation of a great public body, composed not of party men, but of men of all parties assembled from one principle, was to him the highest reward for political services that he looked to. Mr. Tooke might prefer other rewards: he did not wish to envy him his gratification, whatever it might be. He certainly, in his resolution, did not point at any difference in the two countries; but he was free to confess, that though there was much room for improvement in the British government, he should never, in any situation, countenance the introduction of anarchy on the one hand, neither should he support tyranny under the pretext of avoiding anarchy on the other.
The resolution was then put to the shew of hands, and carried unanimously.
Mr. SHERIDAN then gave as a toast.
 11. The Earl of Stanhope, which was drunk with great joy. 
A resolution was then handed to the Chair from Mr. Tooke, and it was put and carried without argument.
"Resolved, That the company feel equal satisfaction, that the people of England, by the virtuous exertions of their ancestors, have not so arduous a task to perform as those of France have now had; and that they have only to maintain and improve the Constitution which their ancestors have transmitted to them."
It was then moved and resolved, that the resolutions be transmitted to the National Assembly, and be published in our newspapers.
The President then gave the following toasts:
 12. Equal religious liberty to all mankind.  13. An equal representation to the people in Parliament.  14. The sacred rights of men, and may all nations have wisdom to understand, and courage to defend them.  15. May the glorious example of France teach other nations the value of the blessing, to be free.  16. May the enemies of freedom be drawn at full length, and the gallows be the frame of the picture.  17. May the glorious Revolution in France provoke in Britons the emulation never to be excelled in liberty.  18. May our Representatives be honest, and our people free, so that Britain may never stand in need of another revolution. 
The Earl of Stanhope informed the company that the fragment of the Bastile on the table was really genuine, and had been presented to the company for that days solemnity by Mademoiselle D'Eon.
The rest of the evening was spent in the highest conviviality. We never witnessed a more animated, or a more triumphant display of enthusiasm in the cause of freedom. There was a very large appearance of the true and genuine friends of liberty—the Whigs of England—the men who were the first to feel and establish the rights of men. And we trust that those of another description, who assisted in this meeting, will be caught by the fervor of the day, to respect and cherish at home the invaluable blessing which they joined on Wednesday in commemorating, on being obtained by others.
MASSACHUSETTS STATE LOTTERY.
THE Managers of the STATE LOTTERY, present the Public with the First Class of the Massachusetts semi-annual State Lottery, which will commence drawing in the Representatives' Chamber, in Boston, on the Seventeenth of March next, or sooner, if the Tickets shall be disposed of.
SCHEME.
NOT TWO BLANKS TO A PRIZE.
25,000 Tickets, at Five Dollars each, are 125,000 Dollars, to be paid in the following Prizes, subject to a deduction of twelve and an half per cent. for the use of the Commonwealth.
   Prizes. of Dollars. is Dollars.     1 10000 are 10000   2 3000 6000   3 2000 6000   6 1000 6000   10 500 5000   30 200 6000   80 100 8000   90 50 4500   100 40 4000   120 30 3600   161 20 3220   200 10 2000   7585 8 60680   8388 Prizes. 125000   16612 Blanks.  
25000. TICKETS may be had of the several Managers, who will pay the Prizes on demand—of the TREASURER of the Commonwealth—of JAMES WHITE, at his Book-Store, Franklin's-Head, Court-Street, and at other places as usual.
BENJAMIN AUSTIN, jun. } DAVID COBB, } SAMUEL COOPER, } Managers. GEORGE R. MINOT, } JOHN KNEELAND, } Boston, July 28, 8790.
NEW-YORK CITY LOTTERY.
S C H E M E.
   1 PRIZE of £. 3000 £. 3000     1 2000 2000   2 1000 2000   4 500 2000   6 300 1800   12 200 2400   40 100 4000   80 50 4000   200 20 4000   330 10 3300   7000 2 10s. 17500   7676 Prizes. } 15324 Blanks. } 23000 Tickets, at 40s. each £. 46000  
Subject to a deduction of 15 per Cent.
THIS LOTTERY is for the purpose of raising the residue of the sum, granted by an Act of the Legislature of the State of New-York, passed 8th of February, 1790, to defray the expenses incurred by the Corporation for repairing and enlarging the CITY-HALL.
The drawing will commence on the First Monday in January next, or sooner if filled, of which timely notice will be given. A list of the fortunate numbers will be published at the end of the drawing; and the prizes will be paid by the Managers.
Tickets are to be sold by the Subscribers, who are appointed Managers by the Corporation.
ISAAC STOUTENBURGH, ABRAHAM HERRING, PETER T. CURTENIUS, JOHN PINTARD. New-York, September 1, 1790.