The national intelligencer and Washington advertiser. (Washington City [D.C.]), 1801-12-04 00:00:00

NATIONAL INTELLIGENCER,
AND WASHINGTON ADVERTISER.
Vol. II.
WASHINGTON CITY, PRINTED BY SAMUEL HARRISON SMITH, PENNSYLVANIA AVENUE.
No. CLXX.
FIVE DOLLS. PER ANN.
FRIDAY, DECEMBER 4th, 1801.
PAID IN ADVANCE.
M E S S A G E
Of the Governor of North-Carolina to the Legislature.
To the Honorable the General Assembly of the State of North Carolina.
Gentlemen,
I had yesterday the honor of receiving your message, informing me of the meeting of the Legislature, and of your readiness to proceed on business; events on which I offer to you my congratulations.
Satisfied under the conviction, that there is no interesting subject of legislation which will not readily present itself to you, I proceed to a detail of such parts of the executive business as appear to me most important, and which I deem it more particularly my duty immediately to lay before you.
The several matters committed to my direction, through resolutions of the last Assembly, were attended to without delay and with scrupulous exactness.
On the 27th of December last, I wrote to the Secretary of State for the United States, on the subject of the boundary between this State and the Indians; and at the same time wrote our Senators in Congress, requesting their attention to that business, and enclosing to them a copy of the Resolution of the Assembly respecting it. The Secretary in reply, promised that matter should be attended to: I have not however been so fortunate as to learn, that any measures have been taken in regard to it.
I took an early opportunity of writing Mr. Grove, of Congress; and enclosed to him a copy of the Resolution of the Assembly with respect to the procuring portrait paintings of Gen. Washington: from the answer with which that gentleman obligingly favoured me, I found the price of such paintings so much higher than I had expected, that I was led to apprehend they would cost a much larger sum than the General Assembly had probably contemplated; and under that impression, it appeared to me most advisable to postpone purchasing until their further pleasure should be known. In the letter book herewith, you will find the several letters above referred to, together with all other official letters written or received by me since the rise of the last Assembly, with an index annexed.
Pursuant to the resolution of the general Assembly, authorising the appointment of an Agent to manage on the part of this State, with respect to her dispute, as to boundary, with South-Carolina: I applied by letter to Gen. Davie, and have pleasure in informing the Legislature, he accepted that appointment, and has taken on him the discharge of the duties incident to it.
Much labor and time have been employed in searching for and procuring the necessary documents in this regard, with which the Agent has from time to time been furnished, and with which he is now in the State of South Carolina, on that business: The letter-book above mentioned, and to which I would ask leave to refer, will show the correspondence which has taken place on this head, as well between General Davie and myself, as with the Executive of South Carolina and others.
Since the rise of the last Assembly, I received and herewith lay before you, a resolution of the legislature of the State of Maryland, proposing an amendment to the constitution of the United States by the establishment of an uniform mode for the choice of Electors of President and Vice-President of the United States, and of Representatives to Congress.
I have also received a letter from George Wheeler, of the State of Virginia, containing proposals of contract for supplying this State with the necessary number of muskets: As no provision of this kind has been hitherto made, notwithstanding its acknowledged importance, I the more readily submit Mr. Wheeler's proposal to your consideration.
On the 22d ult. I received from Gen. Davie, then on his way to South Carolina, a letter on the subject of the Agency he has undertaken on the part of this State, informing me he will be at this place about the beginning of December: and advising that a confidential committee of the Legislature be appointed, to whom he may at that time disclose the whole of the testimony and documents of which he is possessed, with respect to the boundary line between this State and the State of South Carolina: in order that some measures relative to further proceedings may be then sanctioned by the General Assembly. As this business is highly interesting I would refer to the
General's letter, in the hope that the proposed measure may meet the approbation of the legislature, and that the committee will be appointed.
There are other matters and things which it is proper that I should lay before you: I will, however, at present, trespass no longer on your patience, but will make them the subject of a message which I will shortly do myself the honor of forwarding to you: In the mean time I offer to you my respects, and remain, Your obedient Servant,
B. WILLIAMS.
November 18, 1801.
FROM THE BALTIMORE AMERICAN.
By the Nelly, capt. Chase, 14 days from C. Francois, I am informed, that the greatest apprehensions had been entertained at the Cape, in consequence of an insurrection among the blacks, whose avowed intention it was to massacre all the whites without exception. The plot had so far ripened that it was within five hours of its execution, and was prevented principally by the vigilance of general Christophe, in the absence of gen. Toussaint, who was then at St. Marks.
On this occasion the solicitude and unwearied attention of our commercial agent, Mr. Lear, on behalf of the American merchants, were such, and indeed his whole conduct, since he has been there, as to merit and ensure their lasting gratitude.
By Mr. George Atwood, passenger in the schooner Nelly, capt. Chase, arrived yesterday from Cape Francois, the Editor of the American was politely favoured with the following Journal of Events, which transpired in the Island of St. Domingo, and which, without loss of time, he procured to be
Translated for the American.
RECITAL Of events which took place in the Northern parts of St. Domingo, between the 29th Vendemaire, to the 18th Brumaire, 10th year of the French Republic, one and indivisible.—(4th November, 1801.)
After having caused the proclamation of the constitution of the colony, having published the laws for the regulation of the public functionaries, civil and military, having organized the tribunals and a part of the municipal administration, I quitted the Cape the 9th Vendemaire, to appoint, in person, conformable to the laws, the tribunals of appeal and cassation—the most profound calm reigned over the North; every thing was tranquil, and the greatest security pervaded every part of the colony.
After having visited the various quarters which lay in my route, without remarking any where the least symptoms of disorder—I repaired to St. Marks the 14th Vendemaire, to install the tribunal of appeal, and immediately after, I went to Port Republican, to institute that of cassation.
These duties finished, I visited the quarter of Leogane, where I enjoyed the satisfaction of remarking the sensible progress that had been made in Agriculture. From Leogane I returned to St. Mark's, to celebrate the marriage of the Divisionary General Dessalines, and of many other military officers, to whom in the name of the government I had for a long time made this promise.
On my arrival at St. Mark's, I acquitted myself of my promise.—This feast was to have been of several days duration; but reflecting, that I had important duties incumbent on me, and that the law directed that I should institute the tribunal of appeal at St. Domingo, I prepared myself for the journey, after having acquainted general Dessalines that I left my wife to represent me, and do the honors of the feast.
At this moment I received a letter of invitation from the commune of Verrettes, to assist at the dedication of the Parochial Church, lately rebuilt.—In conformity to the promise which I had previously made, I set off the 30th Vendemaire, at 4 o'clock in the morning, accompanied by the general of division Dessalines.
On my arrival at Verrettes in the morning, and not finding the minister as yet arrived, I embraced the opportunity of this half day's delay to visit the progress of cultivation, which I found in the best order—the improvements I remarked, entitle gen. Dessalines to the highest eulogy, whom I felicitated upon the care he had taken to effect so much good.
On our return we found the minister
occupied in preparations for the ceremony; all the cultivators of the Canton assembled at this ceremony and after mass—Fully convinced of the exactitude with which general Dessalines had executed my orders, and of the progress of cultivation; I pointed out some new instructions for another mission relative also to agriculture, and we were on the point of departing for St. Marc, from whence I was to have instantly repaired to Port Republican, and from thence to Santo Domingo, to erect the Tribunal of Appeal.
At this moment general Dessalines takes me aside to communicate to me a letter he had just received from Gonaives. At the same time a letter to my address is also handed me, which both acquainted me of an insurrection having arisen to the northward. We, immediately upon this repaired to the Petite Riviere, giving orders, for the 4th demi-brigade, to march with the greatest expedition from St. Marc to Gonaives.
Arrived at Gonaives the 2d Brumaire, we learned that the Chef de Brigade Vernet had departed thence for Plaisance, with the 7th demi-brigade and a detachment of the Battalion of Gonaives, to whom a number of well intentioned citizens with some members of the civil authority, joined themselves for the relief of that place. At the approach of the commandant Vernet, after having committed several disorders in the village of Plaisance, having assassinated several inhabitants, the rebels fled, crying out— "Tis general Moise who is for us, 'tis he who is our chief, 'tis he who sustains us."
I passed the night at the plantation Cocherat; about one o'clock in the morning of the 8th Brumaire, two companies of my guides arrived; at the break of day I was at Gonaives, to give my last instructions to Dessalines—I immediately afterwards set off for the Canton of L'Ouverture.
The same day general Dessalines, at the head of the first battalion of the 4th demi-brigade, marched to Plaisance, having orders to visit all the revolted quarters of the north.
On my arrival at the village, Bourg L'Ouverture, I found the military commandant Claude Martin, at the head of the troops of the line, and of the national guard: his zeal deserves the greatest praise and I am fully satisfied with the dispositions he has taken. Both in the village and the environs, the greatest concord and order reigns; every thing is calm, and the works of cultivation have not been a moment interrupted; they had just heard the news of the capture of the village of Marmelade by the rebels.
The next morning, the 4th Brumaire, at the break of day I went up to Marmelade with two companies of the Gonaives battalion, commanded by citizens Charles and Coco, preceded by my dragoons; I wished to leave the commandant Claude Martin at L'Ouverture, and to make him responsible for the security of his quarter; his answer was he wished to follow me, being assured, that notwithstanding his absence, his quarter would remain perfectly uninterrupted.
We had but a view of the rebels—they came to reconnoitre, but after the first discharge, they fled from before us with the greatest celerity. My orders were to kill none who fell in our hands; but it was difficult to restrain the indignation of my brave comrades, fore with the flame that a conduct so infamous might reflect upon them. Furious, notwithstanding my orders, to bring them to me alive, they wished to exterminate the whole of them.
On the 4th, I entered Marmelade, and the rebels flying in every direction, at last betook themselves to the Soufriere, threatening us with gen. Moise.
At Marmelade I was apprized of the arrival of Dessalines at Plaisance; he informed that his first care, on his arrival, was to re-establish order, to punish culprits, and to spare none who has embraced their hands in blood: they have all suffered death.
On the same day, I learned that gen. Moise was at Dondon; the instant after, I was informed that the gen. Syll had received a letter from him; and, a little time after, I heard of the arrival of gen. Moise, with a considerable body of troops, at a place called Bori de Pin; at the distance of half a cannon shot from Marmelade.
I ordered him to repair immediately to me and leave his troops where they were encamped; when arrived, I told him, that every thing conspires to demonstrate that you are the author of this revolt, the rebels every where declare, that they act in your name—it is incumbent on your honor to justify yourself,
and the first step you ought to take is to occasion every thing again to re-enter into order. If culpable, your grade of general officer shall not protect you—and you shall be more severely punished than another. I then enquired of him how many men he had caused to be punished at Dondon? he answered, none. How many he had arrested? he replied not one. How, cried I, you are the commander of a quarter in the north—you are come from a quarter where the most horrible assassinations have been committed, and you have arrested nobody or punished any one? There are your orders—return to Dondon—cause every guilty person to be arrested and send them to me, under a safe escort, that I may myself interrogate them—Reflecting afterwards upon the terrible suspicions by which I was agitated, I thought I ought not to leave him any means of misrepresenting my intentions, although what I had just ordered him was pretty positive—I sent an express after him with a new order, in which he was enjoined to bring me alive all the guilty he could take, without positively putting one to death. In the place of conforming, he ordered 13 to be shot, sending me only 11.
This same night I received a letter from the gen. of brigade, Henry Christophe, written from the plantation of Madame Tague, to Limbe: he informed me of the measures which he had taken to preserve the town of the Cape, to re-establish order in the neighboring country, and to take up the rebel chiefs—I then gave contrary orders to Dessalines, not to return any more to Limbe, and to join me at Marmelade.
I was till now ignorant that the origin of this revolt was at the Cape, and broke out the 30th Vendemaire. On the evening of the 29th, brigade gen. Henry Christophe, informed of inflammatory discourses held against the public safety, repaired to the carnage, where he found a numerous body of men and women tumultuously assembled, when in attempting to disperse them, one of the men who appeared the most forward, was knocked down and seized. This man (by name Trois Belles) upon being questioned, without much difficulty named, as chief of the company, one Santorge, upon whose immediate capture he affirmed the conspiracy to depend; he also named with him Joan Baptiste, Le Bon, and Bon Homme.
These three men were immediately arrested by the gen. in person, and as fast as these four villains denounced their accomplices, they were immediately secured—above 30 that night were imprisoned; and about midnight a party of 40 men who were assembled in arms, were dispersed and part taken, and almost immediately after, when the troops had retired, another body of the rebels, who had attacked citizen Gabart, chief of the gendarmerie, and killed one of his men, were dispersed—the whole of this was performed with so little noise and confusion, that many citizens were unacquainted next day with the commotion, and the stores were opened as usual; such was the prudence and activity of gen. Christophe.
On the first Brumaire reports from every side confirm the news of the revolt in the quarters of Alcul, Limbe, Port Margot, Marmelade, Plaisance, and Dondon, and the unhappy sufferers who had escaped from the massacre, announce that the cry of these wretches is destruction to the whites.
After having assured the safety of the Cape, gen. H. Christophe, with detachments from the different demi-brigades and some dragoons of the national guards, proceeds toward Alcul.—Opposite the habitation of Vendreil he encounters the advanced guard of the rebels, who immediately betook themselves to flight in every direction. At the Correfour, of Mont Rouge, he meets with another coming from the Plain du Nord, and another from the road of Alcul, who intended forming a junction to march to the Cape; these were immediately dispersed, and he proceeded to Limbe, where he ordered the cultivators to return to their respective habitations.
At Limbe, finding the insurrection general, he sent for gen. Joseph Flaville, the commandant of the guard, and who being interrogated as to the cause of the revolt, answered, that the people had risen in spite of his endeavors to the contrary. He is made responsible for the quiet of the place, and ordered to assemble his dragoons.
At Port Margot a number of the rebels were found in arms, who, being disarmed, their chiefs were announced and shot on the spot—upon which they quietly retired to their labours.
Order being restored to Port Margot,
the general returned to Limbe, where, during his absence, the troubles had burst forth afresh. Flaville was sent for, and upon his refusal, was taken and conducted under a guard, to the capital, where every thing remained quiet.
Gen. Moise, who since the 26 Vendemaire, had been absent, returned the 4 Brumaire; but he only remained four hours, so great was the consternation at his appearance.
But to resume the thread of events. Being at Marmelade myself the 4th, I gave orders to march to the Soufriere, the Riviere Doree, the Fond-Blieu, the Grand Ravine of Limbe, where the refugees, pressed on all sides, had taken shelter; on my route I was met by several bands of fugitives and ambuscades who fired at me, but they were soon dislodged, and ordered to retire immediately to their usual occupations.
General Dessalines, after having visited the mountains, dispersed the rebels and made them retire to their habitations, with orders to keep them constantly employed, informed me of the result of his operations—I appointed him to meet me at Harrecoart for further orders.
Brigade general Christophe, after having performed his tour, established order and reinstated the different posts, repaired also to Harrecoart, to give me an account of his proceedings, and received my further instructions, after the receiving of which, these two generals returned to their respective appointments.
The unanimous reports of the generals, of the military commanders, the cries of the revolted, the interrogatories of such as were taken up—all concur in condemning general Moise as the author of this revolt. I ordered him to attend me in person, and after having caused to be read to him these declarations, by the adjutant general Idlinger, I had him arrested the 6th Brumaire; the 10th he was sent to Port de Paix, under the responsibility of brigade gen. Clairvaux, to be detained at Grand Port, till his process be completed.
Being informed that order was established, and anxious to appease the minds of the inhabitants of the Cape, I entered this town the 13th Brumaire, ordering 40 prisoners to be conducted before me.
Having ordered the armed force to be assembled upon the place d'armes, I ordered 13 of the chief of the rebels to be brought forward, where they immediately suffered death; a number to a great amount of others are in the prisons, awaiting the decision of their fate.
This conspiracy, planned by the most profound perversity, appears to have been directed against the government and the whites, in the northern part of the island; the rebels have sufficiently pointed out the promoter; they were led to believe by him that I had sold the blacks to the whites, and that gen. Moise alone had refused to sign this pretended contract, but that generals Dessalines and Christophe were active in effecting the false. The authors of this infamy had caused chains to be made at Limbe, to shew the blacks on the day of the revolt, as a proof of their absurd affection.
The evil has been great without doubt; the remembrance will be ever rooted in my memory—my heart has been sorely afflicted: but if the hand of the Divinity had not restrained the rage of these monsters, how much more should we have had to bewail.
The blood of innocence shall be avenged, and justice shall be so rigidly executed as to deter the most daring: Providence has granted, that in the Cape but one innocent victim has fallen; not the least disorder has been committed, nor the least pillage exercised, though the feat of the revolt: the zeal of gen. Christophe, seconded by the other military chiefs under his command, has effected this.
Tranquility is now established. The most positive orders have been given that the works of the plantations should be carried on with the greatest vigor; that no inconvenience should accrue to persons or property, and that the smallest attempt upon the public peace be most exemplarily punished; and all my cares and attention shall be directed, to prevent any evil effect upon the public confidence from this fatal event.
Done at Cape Francois the 16th Brumaire, the 10th year of the Republic, one and indivisible, 7th Nov. 1801.
(Signed)
TOUSSAINT L'OUVERTURE.

REPORT
OF MR. JEFFERSON, when Secretary of State, on Commerce and Navigation, made in 1793.
(Continued.)
GREAT-BRITAIN.
The greater part of what they receive from us is re-exported to other countries, under the useless charges of an intermediate deposit, and double voyage. From tables published in England, and composed as is said, from the books of their custom-houses, it appears that of the indigo imported there in the years 1772—1775, one third was re-exported; and from a document of authority, we learn, that, of the rice and tobacco imported there before the war, four-fifths were re-exported. We are assured indeed, that the quantities sent thither for re-exportation since the war, are considerably diminished, yet less so than reason and national interest would dictate. The whole of our grain is re-exported when wheat is below 40s. the quarter, and other grain in proportion.
The United Netherlands prohibit our pickled beef and pork, meals and bread of all sorts, and lay a prohibitory duty on spirits distilled from grain.
All other of our productions are received on varied duties, which may be reckoned on a medium at about three per cent.
They consume but a small proportion of what they receive. The residue is partly forwarded for consumption in the inland parts of Europe, and partly re-shipped to other maritime countries. On the latter portion they intercept, between us and the consumer, so much of the value as is absorbed by the charges attending an intermediate deposit.
Foreign goods, except some East-India articles, are received in vessels of any nation.
Our ships may be bold and naturalized there, with exceptions of one or two privileges, which somewhat lessen their value.
Denmark lays considerable duties on our tobacco and rice, carried in their own vessels, and half as much more, if carried in ours; but the exact amount of these duties is not perfectly known here. They lay such as amount to prohibitions on our indigo and corn.
Sweden receives favourably our grains and meals, salted provisions, indigo, and whale-oil.
They subject our rice to duties of sixteen mills the pound weight, carried in their own vessels, and of forty per cent. additional on that, or 22 4-10th mills, carried in ours, or any others. Being thus rendered too dear as an article of common food, little of it is consumed with them. They consume some of our tobacco, which they take circuitously through Great-Britain, levying heavy duties on them also; their duties of entry, town duties, and excise, being 4 3/4 dollars, the hundred weight, if carried in their own vessels, and of forty per cent. on that additional, if carried in our own or any other vessels.
They prohibit altogether our bread, fish, pot and pearl-ashes, flax-seed, tar, pitch and turpentine, wood (except oak timber and masts) and all foreign manufactures.
Under so many restrictions and prohibitions, our navigation with them is reduced almost to nothing.
With our neighbours, an order of things much harder prevents itself.
Spain and Portugal refuse, to those parts of America which they govern, all direct intercourse with any people but themselves. The commodities in mutual demand between them and their neighbours, must be carried to be exchanged in some port of the dominant country; and the transportation between that and the subject state must be in a domestic bottom.
France, by a standing law, permits her West-India possessions to receive directly our vegetables, live provisions, horses, wood, tar, pitch and turpentine, rice and bread-stuff, by a proclamation of her executive, limited always to the term of a year, but hitherto renewed from year to year. She prohibits our salted fish, and other salted provisions. She does not permit our vessels to carry thither our own produce. Her vessels alone may take it from us, and bring in exchange, rum, molasses, sugar, coffee, cocoa-nuts, ginger, and pimento. There are, indeed, some freedoms in the island of Dominica, but, under such circumstances as to be little used by us. In the British continental colonies, and in Newfoundland, all our productions are prohibited, and our vessels forbidden to enter their ports. Their governors, however, in times of
distress, have power to permit a temporary importation of certain articles, in their own bottoms, but not in ours.
Our citizens cannot reside as merchants or factors within any of the British plantations, this being expressly prohibited by the same statute of 12. Car. 2. C. 18, commonly called the navigation act.
In the Danish American possessions, a duty of five per cent. is levied on our corn, corn-meal, rice, tobacco, wood, salted fish, indigo, horses, mules and live-stock; and of ten per cent. on our flour, salted pork and beef, tar, pitch and turpentine.
In the American islands of the United Netherlands and Sweden, our vessels and produce are received, subjected to duties, not so heavy as to have been complained of; but they are heavier in the Dutch possessions on the continent.
To sum up these restrictions, so far as they are important:
1st. In Europe—
Our bread-stuff is at most times under prohibitory duties in England, and considerably so on re-exportation from Spain to her colonies.
Our tobacco is heavily duties in England, Sweden and France, and prohibited in Spain and Portugal.
Our rice is heavily duties in England and Sweden, and prohibited in Portugal.
Our fish and salted provisions are prohibited in England, and under prohibitory duties in France.
Our whale-oils are prohibited in England and Portugal.
And our vessels are denied naturalization in England, and of late in France.
2d. In the West Indies.
All intercourse is prohibited, with the possessions of Spain and Portugal.
Our salted provisions and fish are prohibited by England.
Our salted pork and bread-stuff (except maize) are received under temporary laws only, in the dominions of France, and our salted fish pays there a weighty duty.
3d. In the article of Navigation.
Our own carriage of our own tobacco, is heavily duties in Sweden, and lately in France.
We can carry no article, not of our own production, to the British ports in Europe.
Nor even our own produce to her American possessions.
Such being the restrictions on the commerce and navigation of the United States, the question is, in what way they may best be removed, modified, or counteracted?
As to commerce, two methods occur. 1. By friendly arrangements with the several nations with whom these restrictions exist: Or, 2. By the separate act of our own legislatures for countervailing their effects.
There can be no doubt, but that of these two, friendly arrangement is the most eligible. Instead of embarrassing commerce under piles of regulating laws, duties, and prohibitions, could it be relieved from all its shackles in all parts of the world—could every country be employed in producing that which nature has best fitted it to produce, and each be free to exchange with others mutual surplusses for mutual wants, the greatest mass possible would then be produced of those things which contribute to human life, and human happiness; the numbers of mankind would be increased, and their condition bettered.
Would even a single nation begin with the United States this system of free commerce, it would be advisable to begin it with that nation; since it is one by one only, that it can be extended at all. Where the circumstances of either party render it expedient to levy a revenue, by way of import, on commerce, its freedom might be modified, in that particular, by mutual and equivalent measures, preserving it entire in all others.
Some nations, not yet ripe for free commerce, in all its extent, might still be willing to modify its restrictions and regulations for us in proportion to the advantages which an intercourse with us might offer. Particularly they may concur with us in reciprocating the duties to be levied on each side, or in compensating any excess of duty, by equivalent advantages of another nature. Our commerce is certainly of a character to entitle it to favour in most countries. The commodities we offer are either necessaries of life, or materials for manufacture, or convenient subjects of revenue; and we take in exchange, either manufactures, when they have received the last finish of art and industry; or mere luxuries. Such customers may reasonably expect welcome, and friendly treatment at every market; customers too, whose demands, increasing with their wealth and population, must very shortly give full enjoyment to the whole industry of any nation whatever, in any line of supply they may get into the habit of calling for, from it.
But should any nation, contrary to our wishes, suppose it may better find its advantage by continuing its system of prohibitions, duties and regulations, it behoves us to protect our citizens, their commerce and navigation, by counter-prohibitions, duties and regulations also. Free commerce and navigation are not to be given in exchange for restrictions and
vexations; nor are they likely to produce a relaxation of them.
Our navigation involves still higher considerations. As a branch of industry, it is valuable; but, as a resource of defence, essential.
Its value, as a branch of industry, is enhanced by the dependence of so many other branches on it. In times of general peace it multiplies competitors for employment in transportation, and so keeps that at its proper level; and in times of war, that is to say, when those nations who may be our principal carriers, shall be at war with each other, if we have not within ourselves the means of transportation, our produce must be exported in belligerent vessels at the increased expense of war-treight and insurance, and the articles which will not bear that, must perish on our hands.
But it is as a resource for defence that our navigation will admit neither neglect nor forbearance. The position and circumstances of the United States leave them nothing to fear on their land-board, and nothing to desire beyond their present rights. But, on their sea-board, they are open to injury, and they have there too a commerce which must be protected. This can only be done by possessing a body of citizen-seamen, and of artists and establishments in readiness for ship-building.
Were the ocean, which is the common property of all, open to the industry of all, so that every person & vessel should be free to take employment wherever it could be found, the United States would certainly not for the example of appropriating to themselves, exclusively, any portion of the common stock of occupation. They would rely on the enterprise and activity of their citizens for a due participation of the benefits of the seafaring business, and for keeping the marine class of citizens equal to their object.
But if particular nations grasp at undue shares, and more especially, if they seize on the means of the United States to convert them into aliment for their own strength, and withdraw them entirely from the support of those to whom they belong, defensive and protecting measures become necessary on the part of the nation whose marine resources are thus invaded, or it will be dishonored of its defence; its productions will lie at the mercy of the nation which has possessed itself exclusively of the means of carrying them, and its policies may be influenced by those who command its commerce. The carriage of our own commodities, if once established in another channel, cannot be resumed in the moment we may desire. If we lose the seamen and artists, whom it now occupies, we lose the present means of marine defence, and time will be requisite to raise up others, when disgrace or losses shall bring home to our feelings the error of having abandoned them.
The materials for maintaining our due share of navigation, are ours in abundance; and, as to the mode of using them, we have only to adopt the principles of those who thus put us on the defensive, or others, equivalent and better fitted to our circumstances.
[To be continued.]
FOR THE NATIONAL INTELLIGENCER.
MR. SMITH,
Since the first number of LEONIDAS was sent to you, the news of a Peace in Europe has reached this Country. It is far from my wish to throw a gloom over this propitious event, by a recital of past follies and crimes. This act of accommodation is evidently on the part of England—an act of repentance. Like the prodigal Son, she has acknowledged, "Father, I have sinned before heaven, and in thy sight, and no longer am worthy to be called thy child." Like the Prince of Peace, a generous world will again receive her with joy—with all her imperfections upon her head. The most disagreeable reflection attending the event is, the doubt of its continuance. A review of the history of the world, would nearly warrant us in drawing the melancholy conclusion, "that war is the natural state of man." The most prominent features in every age, have been robbery and devastation, tyranny and wretchedness. During the past century, sixty years have been spent in human butchery, and the accidental respite, in renovating exhausted nature, that the combat might be renewed with redoubled vigour. But the annals of the world, never presented a conflict so interesting, from the violence with which it raged, and the principles on which it was conducted, as the one which has just ceased. France, inspired by that enthusiasm for Liberty, which glowed in America, resolved in 1789 to obtain a republican government. In her efforts to this sublime acquisition she was opposed by the perfidy of the court, by the perfidy of her Ministers, by the perfidy of her Generals, and by the perfidy of her representatives. Rebellion, internal conspiracies, and internal massacres, so rapidly succeeded each other, that there was neither opportunity for cool reflection, nor for an unity of action. On her frontiers she beheld a combination of Despots, advancing with more than Saracen, or vandal ferocity into her interior, and threatening "to lay Paris in ruins."
At this time, her possessions in Europe,
were bounded on the north, by the English channel and the Netherlands—
On the east, by Germany, Switzerland, and Italy—On the south, by the Mediterranean and Spain; and on the west, by the Bay of Biscay. England, inclusively of her more lucrative resources in Asia, in Africa, and in North America, ranked superior to France, in her naval and military fame. By her intrigue, she directed the councils of Russia, Germany, and the nations of the Baltic. By her money and naval glory, she governed Holland, and intimidated Spain. "She was the great western oracle to which the Nations of the earth repaired, from whence to draw eternal oracles of policy and freedom. Her root extended from continent to continent, and the dew of the hemispheres watered her branches." By the Peace, Egypt is restored to the Ottoman Porte, and Malta, to the Knights of the order of St. John; England gives up all the possessions taken from the French & the Dutch, both in the East and the West—the Cape of Good Hope is made a free port. She therefore gains nothing in the Mediterranean, whilst France, expelled from Egypt, extends her territories over all Holland and the Netherlands—a considerable part of Germany, Switzerland, and two thirds of Italy—These acquisitions, probably increasing her revenue and territory, one fifth, and her population a third.
The influence, however, acquired by her policy and her arms, is of more real strength than provinces or kingdoms. Under these has she achieved prodigies of magnanimity and heroism, and demonstrated to the world the superiority of freemen, to mercenary Automata.
Under these, does she at this moment rest upon herself like the globe. Ceylon, situated in the Indian Ocean, and valuable for the Cinnamon trade, together with Trinidad, in the West-Indies, 90 m. by 60, and the grave of Europeans is ceded to Britain. For this acquisition, has she "through the expence of millions, and through an Ocean of blood, stranded herself on a solitary shore, naked of empire, naked of liberty, and naked of innocence, to ponder on an abyss which has swallowed up one part of her fortunes and yawns for the remainder."
The moral of this once interesting conflict, is now in perspective. The tears of widows, and of orphans, and the lamentations of Europe, will solicitously enquire for the origin of this war. We have been told, "that it was to stem the torrent of Jacobinism, and to support christianity and government." Is our God a bloody Moloch? And must his creatures appear before him "bathed in blood?" were the doctrines of the meek and lowly Jesus, intended to animate the world to eternal battle?
But why was not this war concluded four years ago? Why was it not concluded two years ago? In almost every stage of it, France, whilst with one hand she wielded the sword of Victory, with the other presented the olive of peace. But if the church is in danger, and if the minister of England had in this conflict, where withal to glory in success; to be consoled in adversity; to hold high his principles in all fortunes—That if it were not given him to support the falling edifice, he ought to have buried himself under the ruins of the civilized world." Then I ask, why was peace concluded upon such humiliating terms; and when the "Monster Jacobinism," like the fabled Briareus throws kingdoms to atoms.
But peace is so great a blessing, that no pecuniary sacrifice is too great to obtain it—nor can the most brilliant and successful war ever compensate the want of it—Yet this war will read an awful and instructing lesson to the rulers of this world. England, without injury or insult, engaged in the conflict, but under the most favorable omens of success. After passing the nerves, and blasting the expectations of every ally; after chilling that confidence which binds the moral elements of the world together, and committing crimes, which from their atrocity and magnitude, would tarnish the very lustre of heaven, like the profligate oak, once the monarch of the forest, she lies, stripped of all her honors, and "there are none so poor as to do her reverence." What effect this pregnant event will have upon France, upon England, and upon all Europe; and whether it was wrought by a sincere and mutual conviction of its necessity, and with the view of converting their implements of war into implements of husbandry, and "of learning war no more," time, "the arbiter of events," will shew. In the mean while, free from the danger of fleets and of armies, and of revolutions, every shade of political aspersion, generated by our separate partiality for those two rival nations, should vanish on this happy event; and whilst our own government "is in the full tide of successful experiment" of republican probity, may every American be ever ready to offer up his last breath on the altar, on which his government is to be the victim.
* Edm. Burke. LEONIDAS.
To Let—Three convenient
furnished Rooms for Ladies and Gentlemen, & a Table can be supplied if required; at Mrs. de Capan's, at the seven buildings on the New-Jersey Avenue.
Nov. 27.
From the American Daily Advertiser.
MR. POULSON,
THE important subject of Vaccination or inoculation for the Small-pox, having so generally excited the attention of the public, not only in Europe, but also throughout America; I think it may be proper to state, that after several unsuccessful attempts to introduce the disease into this city, by matter sent me from England, but which unfortunately failed, either from the length of the passage, or from being badly secured, I have at length succeeded, through the polite attention of Mr. Jefferson, in obtaining a portion which proved effectual in a first inoculation of myself, and in a second trial upon two or three other persons. From these I procured a flock which enabled me to extend it to about a dozen, who have in turn yielded a fresh supply; so that I hope to be able to preserve it, till the public mind is fully satisfied of the propriety of employing it in lieu of that loathsome and dreadful disease the Small-pox. A brief enumeration of the superiority of Vaccination over the Small-pox, may be seen in your Gazette of the 26th inst.
Facts have accumulated so rapidly relative to the invaluable properties of this most extraordinary disease, that it seems scarcely necessary for me to add any testimony in their favor. I hope, however, in a few days to have it in my power to assure the public from my own experience, that the Vaccine is a most effectual preservation against the Small-pox, both natural and inoculated; as I have at this time under my care, a child of six years of age, in whom I ascertained to my great satisfaction the certainty of the Cow-pox having taken effect, on the very day in which her mother broke out with the natural Small-pox. She has been with her mother constantly, and will certainly prove a fair example of the efficacy of Vaccination in resisting Small-pox. The mother has some thousands upon her. I have also vaccinated her husband and another person who had been exposed to the contagion two or three days, and fully expect that it will prevent the Small-pox, even after some days exposure of the system to its influence.
To this I may add, that I have caused some of my patients in whom the disease was declining, to visit the woman above mentioned, and propose immediately to inoculate them with Variolous matter; the result of which I hope shortly to lay before the public.
In the mean time I think it my duty, upon the authority of many respectable works upon this subject, as well as the united testimony of the most eminent medical practitioners of England, to recommend in the strongest manner, the general introduction of Vaccination among my fellow citizens, not only as efficacious in preserving from the Small-pox, but also, in most instances, as a far more mild disease; to the fact of its mildness, I can safely vouch, both from its existence in myself, and in all my patients who have passed through it.
I have been much gratified in having already been applied to by one of my fellow practitioners for matter, for Vaccination; and I can only add, that as my chief desire is in endeavouring to introduce this disease, has arisen from a thorough conviction of its great and decided superiority over the Small-pox, so it will afford me great satisfaction to supply on application any of my medical brethren with matter as fast as it is in my power, in order to extend its beneficial influence as speedily as possible.
It gives me pleasure to see an advertisement by Mr. Groff, printer, proposing to publish in a few days, a little work by Mr. Aikin, of London, who in a small compass has comprised all the important facts relative to this disease; and which I beg leave to recommend to the students of medicine, to practitioners, and to parents, as containing every thing requisite to remove doubt, and to enforce conviction.
I would suggest to the benevolent managers of the Philadelphia Dispensary, the propriety of an address from them to the poorer classes of inhabitants in favor of this disease, which to them must prove of the most extensive advantage, because it seldom requires nursing, or any alteration in their usual pursuits.
JOHN REDMAN COXE.
THIS IS TO GIVE NOTICE,
THAT I intend to petition the next court of the District of Columbia, for permission to keep a Ferry across the Eastern Branch, from Hamilton's Point, near Ninian Willet's, over to some convenient place above the hospital square, where Mr. Holt live.
JOHN D. KERBY.
November 20, 1796
Whole Sale and Retail Grocery Store.
J. D. BARRY,
INFORMS his friends and the public, that he has commenced business near the Capitol, New Jersey Avenue, opposite the house lately occupied by Conrad and M c Munn—Where he has on hand, (and will be constantly supplied with) a general assortment of
Groceries and Liquors,
Of the first quality, which he offers for sale at reduced prices.
Nov. 27.

Foreign Intelligence.
LONDON, October 2.
By some accounts from the frontiers of Russia, but we know not how far they may be depended upon, it would appear that the differences between France and Russia, have been adjusted. Should this prove true, Duroc's mission to Petersburg has been more successful than was generally believed.
Some misunderstanding is reported to exist still between this country and Denmark, respecting the properties of countries at war with Britain found in the Danish West India Islands, which, it is said, the court at Copenhagen insists on being restored.
A life-boat, of a construction similar to that at Shields, is now built at Montrose, for saving the lives of those who may be in eminent danger by fires of weather, when no other boat can approach them. An experiment has been lately tried, by filling the boat with water, to prove its efficacy for the desired purpose, which succeeded much to the satisfaction of those present.
Bonaparte, it is said, procured an assurance of Alexander I. that he will not interfere in the rebellion of Pafwan Oglos, as long as the latter respects the Russian Frontiers. The same promise has been given by the Emperor of Germany in a secret Article of the Treaty of Luneville. Had these terms not been granted, the numerous French forces in Lower Italy would have immediately undertaken an expedition against the opposite Coasts of Turkey.
The extent of the Sea Coast of Britain and Ireland is 1200 leagues—of France, Spain, and Holland, considering them as one power, 1182 leagues; that is, France 470, Spain 476, and Holland 236, to that the extent may be said to be equal to that of this country; but then nearly one half of the coasts of those countries is in the Mediterranean Sea and the Zuyder-Zee, which are of much less importance; whereas our Coasts are all on the open ocean.
It is with pleasure we learn that the benevolence of this country, which is so distinguished on every occasion, has been eminently conspicuous in the late subscription for the relief of our brave tars detained in Russia. The committee having come to the determination of returning fifty per cent. to the subscribers, many of them, we have much satisfaction to state, instead of receiving the same have directed its appropriation to promote that great National Institution Marine Society.
PARIS, September 23.
On a report made by the French Government, the Court of Berlin has acknowledged the erection of the Grand Duchy of Tuscany into a kingdom, and the accession of Don Louis, Infant of Spain, to the Crown of that State. This acknowledgement had before taken place on the part of the Court of Rome, and that of the Governments of the Helvetic, Batavian, Cisalpine, and Ligurian Republics.
October 2.
By letters from Ratisbon of the 16th and 18th Sept. we learn that the King of Prussia has at length acceded to the demand of Austria for an extraordinary deputation of the Empire, invested with unlimited powers, under the function of the Emperor, to regulate the whole affair of the partitions and indemnities.
The last accounts from Naples state that disturbances had been apprehended there for some time past. Several families of that capital had removed to Rome and Palermo. The Lazzaroni, threw stones at the carriage of a Duke, suspected of being of a party adverse to their interests.
October 7.
The confidence of the people in their government cannot be more entire; it is founded on all the Chief Constil has, in so short a space, done that is wonderful for the good of the French. Our fellow citizens, therefore, were in general persuaded that the preliminaries signed with England were as glorious as they were favorable to the nation. How comes it then, that, previously to their being known at least in mass, several of the inhabitants of Paris were so moderate in their joy, and that at the very moment in which the cannon announced the signing of the preliminaries, persons who walked about the streets and squares did not perceive every where those expressions of joy, nor hear every where that concert of praise, which, since yesterday morning has enchanted the eye and the heart. It was because, in order to abandon themselves without bounds, to such just sentiments, those citizens wished to be certain that the humanity of their first magistrate had imposed no sacrifice of glory: and that his passion for the public felicity had only increased his zeal for the French name. The preliminary articles are now officially published. They are the same as we gave the day before yesterday. Oh! let the sky be as fine as the 18th Brumaire, as the day was happy formerly, and we shall see how all souls are filled with admiration, gratitude, joy, and hope; they are no
longer those factitious rejoicings that followed and preceded storms; they are fetes in which the remembrance of misery is lost in a futurity of happiness.
Clef du Cabinet.
HAGUE, Sept. 29.
Tranquility still continues in our republic, and there is no doubt that the new constitution will be accepted. It is estimated, that the new constitution will produce a daily saving of 14,000 florins in our finances.
BRUSSELS, Sept. 27.
The French troops in the vicinity of Charlebourg, St. Brieux, and St. Maloes, have received orders to march, part to Brest, and part to Boulogne. The number of troops assembled near those two ports amounts to more than 60,000 men.
BERNE, Sept. 25.
After many debates, the Helvetic government has come to an agreement with the French General Munchhoff, relative to the guarding of the city of Berne. It is settled that guard shall be mounted alternately; one day by the Helvetic, and the next by the French troops. There are to be two sets of keys to the gates, one to be kept by the French, and the other by the Helvetic commandant.
The motions of the French and Swiss troops still continue. We are assured, that the latter will take possession of the Frickthal.
LEGHORN, Sept. 13.
It is reported here to-day, that the French besieging corps before Porto Ferrajo has been obliged to retire to Porto Longone (likewise on the island of Elba) for want of provisions; and consequently that the siege is raised.
In one of the last French papers we find a curious abstract of a dissertation by the late Bishop of Antwerp, in which he endeavours to shew, that at the end of every two-hundred years nations experience political revolutions, and are distinguished by remarkable events. This idea he proceeds to apply, in a peculiar manner, to the events of the French history. In this detail he begins by alluding to the French revolution at the end of the 18th century, the circumstances of which being universally known, he judges it unnecessary minutely to describe. The commotions excited at the end of the 16th by the religious disputes of that period, form the second era in his narration, and in support of his position he adverts to all the proofs of tumult and revolution which so particularly characterized that age, and more especially the kingdom of France. In remounting to an earlier period, he finds that at the conclusion of the 14th, during the reign of Charles VI. the empire was dreadfully torn by intestine factions, and soon after on the point of experiencing an English invasion. Nothing less than a kind of miracle saved it from destruction under Charles VII's administration. The termination of the 12th presents in all their activity the cruelties, which so powerfully contributed to change the whole aspect of Europe, and from whence first sprung those rays of light which served to dispel the clouds of ignorance and barbarism. He beholds at the close of the 10th the Carolingian race driven from their throne, and Hugh Capet, the founder of a new dynasty, advancing to seize on the government. In speaking of this event, he remarks as a circumstance not unworthy of notice, that the last of his successors was driven from his throne, and perished under the stroke of the guillotine, in the same year of the century that his ancestor acquired it. The 8th beheld the extended conquests of Charlemagne, and the formation of an empire, which had no parallel since the extinction of Roman greatness. In the 6th he describes the Mayors of the Palace, as beginning to usurp the royal authority, and leaving only a shadow in the hands of their sovereigns. In the 4th he fixes the attention of his readers on the triumphs of Clovis, and the establishment of the French monarchy. This coincidence is certainly striking, and cannot fail to give rise to curious reflections in minds prone to speculate on the vicissitudes of human affairs.
In the name of the French Colony of St. Domingo. ARRETTE.
TOUSSAINT LOUVERTURE, Governor of St. Domingo, To the citizens of the
Department of Louverture. The Central Assembly, wishing to concentrate the remembrance of my first conquest over the enemy of liberty and of the republic, has decreed, upon the proposal that I made to it, that there should be formed a sixth department in the colony, of which the town of Gonaives would be the chief place. It has given to that department the name of Louverture. Its limits will comprehend from the small river of Jean Rabel, to the source of the Massacre, along the top of the mountains, Mouffique, Gros-morne, Plaisance, Marmelade and Dondon; from the source of Massacre to
Banique, whose territory is included in this department, from thence it will run along the river Artibonite to the sea.
The inhabitants of this new department in general and of the city of Gonaives in particular, ought to endeavor to shew themselves worthy of this favor. They ought to redouble their zeal and emulation to render the capital of this new department as flourishing as the principal towns of the colony. Those who may wish to make settlements on it will apply to me: not only will I grant them lots, but I shall know how to distinguish those who may shew the most emulation in building, and contribute to the embellishment and prosperity of this new commercial city.
Accordingly I decree as follows:
ART. I. Every citizen to whom one or more lots have already been granted in the city of Gonaives, whatever may be the epoch at which he obtained it, if he has not begun to build within one month after the publication of this present arrete, shall be dispossessed.
II. In future every citizen to whom a concession shall be granted, shall at the same time engage to build on the lot which he shall have obtained in the space of one year and one day, conformable to the old laws; in default of conforming thereto he shall be dispossessed and condemned to a fine of ten half-johannes for each lot.
III. Until the city of Gonaives shall be wholly built, agreeable to the plan which has been decreed, all house-timber entering the port of Gonaives, shall be exempt from any duty; and every other kind of merchandise coming from foreign countries, whatever may be their quality and value shall only be subjected to an importation duty of five per cent.
Given at Cape Francois, the 25th Messidor, year ninth of the French Republic.
The governor of St Domingo. Signed, TOUSSAINT LOUVERTURE.
PARIS, September 27.
MANUFACTURES AND THE ARTS.
Yesterday the minister of the interior presented to the consuls the committee charged with the examination of the productions of French industry, and the manufacturers and artists to whom prizes have been assigned.
Citizen Costas, president of the committee, delivered on this occasion, the following speech:—
Citizen Consuls—We present to you the results to the examination of the productions of French industry, exposed at the palace of the Sciences and Arts, during the supplementary days of the ninth year of the republic. This solemn and memorable exhibition ought to calm all inquietude respecting the future condition of our commerce, and ought to have the effect of imposing silence on those men who amuse themselves by predicting the ruin of French industry. Many arts in which France knows no rivals, then displayed their productions. The arts which have been successfully cultivated by other nations, have been naturalized among us. On all sides we see the efforts of industry crowned with success. New machines are invented; the laws of chemistry, and the properties of those substances which our soil produces, are applied to the production of articles necessary in commerce. The national institute has for some years past judged it necessary to propose a prize for the improvement of our potteries; we have the satisfaction to inform you that many specimens have been exhibited on the examination executed in a style superior to the productions of any other country. Manufactories for spinning cotton-twist, and making cotton stuffs, are established in different departments, and are in a prosperous way. Manufactories of hooks, pins, files, and all the articles which, under the name of hardwares, form an important branch of commerce, are also established in France. In general we have remarked a sensible amelioration in the articles, the fabrication of which demands precision, and in those which depend on chemistry, or which suppose a previous knowledge of design. The departments of the Seine, of the Lower Rhine, of the Somme, of Eure, of Aube, Marne, Seine, and the Moselle, are particularly distinguished by the beauty of the productions they have exhibited to the public. The lawns, cambrics, gauzes and lace of the department of Aisne, Du Nord and Dyle, &c. completely sustain their reputation. We can assure you that this precious description of industry will long be the exclusive property of the French nation. We have seen beautiful fabrics fabricated at Tours, and it is with infinite regret that we have to notice that none have been presented from Lyons. We have, however, seen works of the highest value of this description exhibited by citizen Levacher, merchant at Paris, distinguished by that fine taste which he never ceases to display in all his articles. It is with the same regret that we can say nothing of the industry of the departments of Gard, Hérault, Lot, Vaucluse, and other departments of the South, celebrated for their manufactures but who on the present occasion have not attended to the proclamation of the minister of the interior. Citizen con-
suls, an annual exhibition of the productions of national industry, is an institution of the highest interest. It gives birth to emulation among artists; it augments their knowledge; it forms the taste of the consumers by giving them a knowledge of what is beautiful, and by developing the most energetic causes of the progress of the arts.
Gold, silver, and copper medals have been granted to those manufacturers and artists who have been judged worthy of them. The minister of the interior himself bestowed them. Those who obtained the gold medals were invited to dine with the Chief Consul.
The Chief Consul conversed with the different artists on the price of the articles produced be their workshops, on the actual quantity of productions now in their possession, on the hopes they entertained of extending their manufactures, on the number of workmen they employed, &c. He told them that he hoped the exhibition of next year would be as superior to the present as the present was to the year six; that he expected to see the chefs d'œuvres of the manufactures of Lyons and the cities of the south, who had sent none on the present occasion, probably because the project of the exhibition had not been soon enough made known to them. He added that it was his intention for the future, that at the time of the exhibition there should be a fair, at which artists and manufacturers might receive the fruit of their labours, and purchasers find productions of a superior quality and a more moderate price.
WASHINGTON CITY.
FRIDAY, DECEMBER 4, 1801.
BY THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, A PROCLAMATION.
WHEREAS information has been received that an atrocious murder was in the month of August last committed on an Indian woman of the Cherokee tribe in the peace and friendship of the United States in the county of Knox in the state of Tennessee, aggravated also by the consideration, that it was committed at a moment when a friendly meeting was about to be held by commissioners of the United States, with the chiefs of the said tribe of Indians, for the purpose of making certain arrangements favorable to the tranquility and advantage of the frontier settlers, as well as just and eligible to the Indians themselves. AND WHEREAS, the apprehension and punishment of the murderers and their accessories will be an example due to justice & humanity, and every way salutary in its operation: I have therefore thought it to issue this my proclamation, hereby exhorting the citizens of the United States, and requiring all the officers thereof, according to their respective functions, to use their utmost endeavors to apprehend and bring the principals and accessories to the said murder to justice: And I do moreover offer a reward of One Thousand Dollars for each principal, and Five Hundred Dollars for each accessory to the same before the fact, who shall be apprehended and brought to justice.
In Testimony whereof, I have caused the seal of the United States of America to be affixed (L. S.) to these presents and signed the same with my hand. Done at the City of Washington, the thirtieth day of November, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and one, and of the independence of the United States of America, the twenty-sixth.
TH. JEFFERSON. By the President, JAMES MADISON, Secretary of State.
The Legislature of Vermont have voted an address to the President of the United States by a large majority.
Extract of a letter from Stephen Cathalan, Esq. of Marseilles, to Wm. Lee, Agent of the United States at Bourdeaux, dated Sept. 29, 1801.
"The Swedish frigate Thetis, of 42 guns, is hourly expected here. She is ordered to convoy and protect, against the Barbary corsairs, all American vessels she may meet with in these seas; there is therefore but little danger for our flag in the Mediterranean. I cannot, however, recommend any of my friends to come this way, until better markets; fish only will answer, and that is very high."
During the late European war the English have captured from the powers opposed to her, or destroyed in action, eighty-one sail of the line, three fifty-gun ships, one hundred and eighty-three frigates, and two hundred and twenty-four sloops of war, mounting in all, fourteen thousand six hundred and ninety guns, beside 950 privateers. During this time the British have lost in action but five sail of the line, one fifty, eleven frigates, and thirty-four sloops of war,
mounting one thousand and ten guns; Making a difference in favor of Great Britain of four hundred and thirty-five ships, and thirteen thousand two hundred and thirty guns.
[Boston Cent.]
Letters from Bourdeaux to the 7th Oct. have been received at Boston by the Halcyon, which state that wine and brandy had risen 25 per cent. within 48 hours after the receipt of the news of peace, and that, excepting those articles, goods had generally felt a depreciation.
Dissolution of Partnership.
THE partnership of CHARLES VARDEN and THOMAS CARPENTER, did by mutual consent dissolve on the 21st day of November last. It is requested that all persons indebted to the said firm will settle their accounts; and that all to whom the firm is indebted will present the same for payment, either to
CHARLES VARDEN, or THOMAS CARPENTER. City of Washington, Capitol Hill, Dec. 4. ept
Sales at Auction.
On Saturday the 13th instant, will be sold at Public Auction, at the House of Messrs. GRAY & KEEN in George Town, to close the Partnership of said House,
ONE Billiard Table complete, with twelve pool balls, and three other sets, also ten patent lamps, one ten plate stove, three saddle horses with saddles and harness complete, one riding chair with a fall back top, steel springs, horse and harness complete—also sundry household furniture consisting of a desk, safe drawers, tables, chairs, beds, and furniture; also kitchen furniture. The excellent stand for a billiard table must render it an object to those who wish to purchase. The sale to commence at 11 o'clock in the forenoon. The terms made known at the time of sale.
JOHN TRAVERS, Auctioneer. Dec. 4. 1801. ept
FOR SALE,
Lots in various parts of the City, and several large and elegant brick houses.
TO RENT,
Several houses in different parts of the City.
WANTED,
On Loan, 2,000 dollars, for which a generous premium will be allowed, and unexceptionable real security can be given.
TO BE EXCHANGED,
Lands in Virginia and Pennsylvania, for property in Georgetown, Alexandria, or the City of Washington.
* A Business transferred on commission, by ROBERT W. PEACOCK, Attorney at Law and Conveyancer, Washington, Dec. 4. 1801. ept
Marshall's Sale.
By virtue of two writs of fieri facias, issued out of the Circuit Court of the District of Columbia for the county of Washington, Thomas K. Beale, administrator of Joseph Clarke, and of Stephen Wilson's administrator, against William King, to me directed, will be sold, on THURSDAY the 24th instant, on the premises, to the highest bidder,
All the right, title and interest of William King to the Lot No. 13, in Square No. 204, in the City of Washington, with a large two story Brick Dwelling House thereon, together with its appurtenances, as present in the occupation of Mr. John Brown. The sale will commence at 11 o'clock in the forenoon. Terms of sale cash.
DANIEL C. BRENT, Marshal of the district of Columbia, Washington, Dec. 4. ept
BAILY WASHINGTON,
On the Capitol Hill, New-Jersey Avenue,
HAS received and offers for sale, a neat assortment of well chosen goods, suitable for the present and approaching season; consisting of,
  Superfine Cloths, Sowing file,   Second do. Nunsbread,   Superfine cashmeres, Coloured do.   Second do. Ladies silk flannels,   Swandown waistcoats, do. camels hair do.   Black satin, do. do. cotton do.   Blue Bear skin, Bandanna handks.   Blue do. Dimities,   Blue and mint coat-ings, Cotton and linen cambricks,   Red, white, and yellow flannels, Fine and coarse mullins,   Green baizes, Dowlas and Osnabrigs,   Keasey & half thick, Ladies morocco shoes,   Rose and tripe blankets, do. elegant kid, do.   Silk worsted, gauze, and yarn hosiery, do. leather, do.   Fulled and cotton do. Muffs do. do.   Constitution cords, Gentlemens fine and coarse shoes,   Corduroys, Linen and cotton handkerchiefs,   Durants and calimanees, Fine & coarse hats,   Wildboars and camblets, Cotton Romals,   Calicoes, Barcelona handks.   Furniture do. Ladies extra long silk gloves,   Printed mullins, Gentlemens buckskin and filled do.   Muslin bedspreads, do. white silk and full'd kid do.   Apron checks, Tapes and bobbinges,   Diaper and diaper twibie cloths, Handsome ribbons.   Cape Velvets, 
Also very cheap Irish Linens by the piece or retail, and a number of other articles, all of which he will sell at the most reduced prices for cash or tobacco. Washington, Dec. 4. ept

On Wednesday the 23d of December next, will be offered to PUBLIC SALE , To the highest bidder on the premises, "Blue Plains, and Addison's Good Will," containing near 500 acres.
It will be sold altogether or laid off in lots from 1 to 200 acres, to suit the purchasers. No land in the United States possesses such advantages. It is uncommonly healthy and has a great many springs of excellent water on it. It lies on the Potomac River for nearly two miles, within one of Alexandria, and near the City of Washington, with a public Ferry to Alexandria, which is immensely valuable, and will be more so. This land is of the first quality, with my management, which is not the best, I have made off of it ten barrels of corn, thirty three bushels of wheat, and two thousand pounds of tobacco to the acre. About 200 acres are in wood and timber. The whole share is a fishing landing, where upwards of one hundred thousand herring, with other fish, such as shad, rock, perch, &c. are frequently caught at one haul, with a seine. There is every necessary building, good enough for any body to live in. A pond in yard and garden, an orchard of all kinds of the best grafted fruit—About 20 acres of meadow now in grass, and a great deal more may be made—200 acres of this land will now rent for from $100 to $250, and with a small expense it might be made to rent for a great deal more. There is about 30 acres of wheat, and about 30 acres of rye, sowed on it. The purchaser can be furnished with all kind of stock, horses, sheep, cattle, and hogs—also corn, hay, and fodder.
And on THURSDAY , the 24th of December next, will be sold, to the highest bidder, at Mr. M'Laughlin's tavern in George-Town—200 acres of land, lying on the east side of the Eastern Branch, about one mile from the city of Washington. It is chiefly in wood and timber. It will be sold altogether, or divided into lots from 5 to 200 acres. Also 236 acres on the west side and adjoining the Eastern Branch, two miles from the City of Washington. About half of this land is in wood and timber, chiefly chestnut, and about 15 or 20 acres of good meadow ground. Also a gristmill, with 42 and an half acres of land, chiefly in wood on Rock Creek, a never-failing stream, about one mile from George-Town, and the same distance from the City of Washington. Also several lots in the City of Washington unimproved, and several in George-Town improved and unimproved. Also 563 acres of land in Montgomery county, about 16 miles from the City of Washington, where Mrs. Lynn formerly lived, it has pretty good improvements, good water, and several good orchards. The terms will be made known on the day of sale. Also about 500 acres lying in Montgomery County, on the main road leading from George-Town to Frederick Town, about seven miles from George-Town. This land is well watered and wooded, with the greatest plenty of meadow ground. Some is already made. There are two tenements on it, and it would make two good farms, this land will be sold on a credit of three years from the first day of January next. Bond and approved security will be required. Any person wishing to purchase at private sale, will apply to William Bayly, who lives opposite to Alexandria, in the county of Washington, and District of Columbia. A good and indisputable title will be given, by WALTER MACKALL. December 2, 1801.
This day is Published RAPINE, CONRAD & Co. Corner of South B street and New-Jersey Avenue, near the Capitol. SELECT NOVELS , vol. 2d & 3d. EXECUTED in a superior style, and each volume containing two handsome engravings—Price to Subscribers, one dollar per vol. Nostradamus —A tale in 2 vols. by Maria Regina Roche, author of the Children of the Abbey, &c. &c. Acts passed at the second session of the sixth Congress, began and held at the city of Washington, on Monday the 17th of November 1800. Also just received , A very handsome assortment of New Novels, of the best merit, with a good collection of Law, and Miscellaneous History, and a very elegant assortment of Ladies' and Gentlemen's Pocket Books, of various prices and qualities. R. C. & Co. Have always on hand a general assortment of Stationery, such as writing and letter paper, quills, wafers, sealing wax, ink-powder, pen knives, flats, parchment, playing cards, blank and account books, inkstands, black lead pencils, &c. &c. All which they will sell at the most moderate prices. Almanacs for the year 1802, just published. Sept. 15, 1801.
To Rent , And possession given immediately, A TWO STORY BRICK HOUSE , North front of the President's House, CONTAINING TWO Parlours & a four Bed-rooms, with Garden, &c. It is convenient to the Public offices, and may be had furnished or unfurnished, with or without board, on reasonable terms, to an agreeable tenant. Enquire of the Printer, or on the premises. Also, Wanted Employment , For a YOUNG MAN , who would engage as an assistant in a store, having kept one of his own, of course accustomed to it. Would act as Steward and superintend a plantation, or the like—would make himself useful in any situation. Enquire of the Printer hereat. November 25. 3tawtf.
TO RENT , The three story brick dwelling house with garden and ice-house, lately occupied by General Meredith, Esq. Treasurer, on the river, west of the President's House. FRANCIS DEAKINS. George-Town, Nov. 30. ep4w.
For sale, or to be rented. A House and lot on the Capitol Hill—the lot is 20 feet 2 inches on Delaware Avenue, and about 170 feet deep extending back to a 30 feet Alley. The House is a handsome well furnished convenient three story brick house, containing 2 sealed garrets, 5 chambers, 2 parlours—kitchen with a pantry and cellar. It is directly opposite to the Buildings of WASHINGTON, occupied by Gen. Dearborn, near adjoining to a number of houses belonging to Mr. Carroll, rented to Mr. Dalton and others. From its vicinity to the Capitol, it is well calculated for a private family; or a person attached to the offices of the Federal Legislature.—Adjoining it is a lot of about 40 feet front on same Avenue, and running same depth back, (the whole under a good post and rail fence) which, if required would be sold at same time. If rented, the Tenant may have the use of the whole of the lot, which would make an excellent garden, having a South and Eastern exposure, as long as convenient to the proprietor. This property would be sold a Bargain for satisfactory payments, or well situated property in Philadelphia would be taken in exchange. Apply to Benjamin Burch, New Jersey Avenue, or to the Editor of the National Intelligencer—or to Kirtland and Percival, Philadelphia. Nov. 21. tf.
FOR SALE. A TRACT of land containing 2,500 acres lying immediately on the river Potomac, in the county of Northumberland, Virginia, late the residence of PRESLEY THORNTON, Esq. Seventeen hundred acres of which are of the most valuable kind of low grounds on the river; between three and four hundred acres heavily timbered, the remainder is wavy high land extremely productive. The toll of this tract is equal to any in the state for cultivation of corn, wheat, tobacco, timothy, and small grain of all kinds. On this tract are a large commodious two story brick mansion house and two offices, a large brick stable, a valuable barn, cow house and many other out-houses, all in good repair. The orchard and garden contain a variety of valuable fruit trees, and the waters abound with excellent fish and oysters. It is situated about a day's sail from Alexandria, Baltimore or Norfolk—There are two good mill seats for grist, or saw-mills on this estate, and plenty of cedar and chestnut timber, exclusive of the heavy timber, which if felled up into scuttling will command a price in the City of Washington, nearly equal to the value of the land. The terms will be made easy to the purchaser or purchasers, and the tract will be divided into two or more plantations if necessary.—Apply to RICHARD PETERS, junr. No. 85, Walnut-street-Philadelphia. Nov. 12. cptsf.
NEW STORE. THE Subscribers most respectfully inform the Public in general, and their friends in particular, that they have just opened a handsome assortment of Dry Goods , SUITABLE FOR THE SEASON, On the Pennsylvania Avenue, between the President's Square and the Seven Buildings, which they purpose to sell low for cash. ALSO , A few casks of Cut Nails. SHARPLESS & SMITH. November 25. ep3m.
City of Washington, Commissioners Office, 2d October, 1801. BY virtue of an act of Assembly of the State of Maryland, entitled "A further supplement to the act concerning the Territory of Columbia and City of Washington," the Commissioners will expose to public sale for ready money, at William Rhodes's Tavern, in the said city, on the EIGHTH day of DECEMBER next, the following Lots in the said city, to wit: Nos 3 4 and 5 in square no 99, nos 1 2 4 7 8 9 13 and 16 in sq no 196, no 10 in sq no 347, nos 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 in square no 100, nos 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 in square no 101, nos 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 in square no 102, nos 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 in square no 103, nos 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 in square no 104, nos 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 in square no 105, nos 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 in square no 106, nos 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 in square no 107, nos 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 in square no 108, nos 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 in square no 109, nos 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 in square no 110, nos 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 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55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 in square no 114, nos 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 in square no 115, nos 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 in square no 116, nos 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 in square no 117, nos 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 in square no 118, nos 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 in square no 119, nos 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 in square no 120, nos 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 in square no 121, nos 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 in square no 122, nos 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 in square no 123, nos 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 in square no 124, nos 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 in square no 125, nos 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 in square no 126, nos 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 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