Gazette of the United-States. (New-York [N.Y.]), 1790-11-24 00:00:00

[-649-] Gazette of the United States.
PUBLISHED WEDNESDAYS AND SATURDAYS BY JOHN FENNO, No. 69, MARKET-STREET, BETWEEN SECOND AND THIRD STREETS, PHILADELPHIA.
[No. 60, of Vol. II.]
WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 24, 1790.
[Whole No. 164.]
Discourses on Davila.
No. XXIII.—CONTINUED.
Utrumque regem, sua multitudo contulit averat.
THE Prince of Conde and the Admiral, irritated to see suppressed a party, upon whose number and forces they had founded all their hopes, and not being able to hinder the execution of the Edict, which all the parliaments and most of the inferior tribunals pressed into execution with great ardor, imagined another expedient: it was to engage the ministers of the Hugonots to demand a public conference, in presence of the King, with the Catholic Prelates, upon the controverted points. This indirect method appeared to them proper to obtain insensibly, a liberty of conscience. The Cardinal de Tournon, and several other Catholic Prelates, opposed this request: they remonstrated that it was useless to dispute about religion, with people who were very obstinate, and who persisted in a doctrine condemned by the church. That if they wished to lay open their reasons, they might address themselves to the council of Trent. The Cardinal of Lorraine was of opinion in favor of the conference; whether he flattered himself that he should confound the Hugonots, by his irresistible reasoning, and convince those whom he thought seduced, or whether, as those who envied him gave out, by making an ostentatious exhibition of his eloquence and erudition, he wished still further to increase his reputation and glory, in so celebrated an assembly: Whatever were his intentions, it is certain that by not opposing the demand of the Protestants, he draws into his sentiment the prelates, who yielded to the solicitations of the King of Navarre. This Prince, who had long desired to hear a dispute in form, between the Catholics and Hugonots, to clear up his own doubts, supported with warmth the demand of the Protestants. They sent therefore safe conducts to the ministers refugees at Geneva, and assigned for the place of conference Poissy, a little city, five leagues from Paris.
The King appeared at Poissy, with all his court, accompanied by the Cardinals of Bourbon, of Lorraine, of Tournon, of Armagnac, and of Guise, who were to assist at the conference on the part of the Catholics. The most distinguished Bishops and Prelates, several Doctors of the Sorbonne, and other Theologians of the most celebrated universities of the kingdom, were present. There appeared on the side of the Hugonots, Theodore Beza, Peter Martyr Vermily, Francis de Saint Paul, John Raymond, John Virel, with several others, who came from Geneva, or Germany. Beza explained his doctrines, with great pomp of eloquence; and the Cardinal of Lorraine answered him, with what he called proofs and authorities, drawn from the Scriptures and the fathers of the Church. The council judged proper to withdraw the young King, because the tenderness of his age not permitting him to discern the truth, there was reason to fear, that he might be surprised by some dangerous opinion, contrary to the faith. After several debates, the assembly separated without deciding anything.
The Catholics gained only one advantage: The King of Navarre was not satisfied with the Hugonots, having observed some variations of their ministers in the doctrines which they maintained. Some followed literally the sentiments of Calvin; others inclined to the doctrine of Luther; these adhered to the profession of faith of the Swiss, those to the confession of Augsburg. Shocked with this inconsistency, as he thought it, this weak Prince began to be disgusted with the new opinions, and to attach himself to the Catholic religion. But the Hugonots drew from this conference all the fruit that they had promised themselves. As soon as they came out of it, they boasted highly that they had demonstrated the truth of their belief, convinced the Catholic doctors, confounded the Cardinal of Lorraine, and obtained of the King permission to preach their doctrine. In fact, of their own private authority, they began to assemble, wherever they pleased, to hold publickly their sermons, with so great an affluence of people, and so great a concourse of nobility, as well as others, that it was no longer possible to restrain them.
When the magistrates attempted to hinder their assemblies, or the Catholics attempted to chase them from the churches where they met, the Hugonots run to arms, and defended themselves. The two parties attacked each other
with fury, under the names of Hugonots and Papists. The whole kingdom was in a flame. The power of the magistrates lost its energy; the people were in continual terror and alarms; the collection of the revenues was interrupted, and in the bosom of peace, an intestine and cruel war was seen to be kindled. The Queen-mother and the King of Navarre, mixed with these excesses, seeing that the severity of the Edict of July, had only increased the disorders, convoked another assembly of deputies from all the parliaments of the kingdom, to be informed by them, of the state of each province, and to deliberate upon the most proper means of re-establishing tranquillity. The views of the ministry changing continually, as the interests of ministers and the passions of the great varied; it was not astonishing, that after so many measures taken, abandoned, resumed, affairs should still remain in greater disorder, and a more strange confusion. It was indeed impossible that such frequent variations should restore good order, which an equal and uniform conduct could alone maintain. (To be continued.)
ERRATUM in our last: Before the last word in Davila, insert the word "both."
MR. BOWDOIN.
BOSTON, Nov. 11.
ON Saturday morning last, at one o'clock, Death, with inexorable hand, summoned to the world of spirits, (to the unspeakable loss of the public, and his friends), the very much respected, and highly revered character, the
Hon. JAMES BOWDOIN, Esq.
Aged 64 years,
and yesterday afternoon, his remains were respectfully interred in his family tomb, in this town,
ORDER OF PROCESSION.
 The Independent Company of Cadets, commanded by Col. BRADFORD,—with arms reversed, and Drums muffled.  attended by a Band of Music.  The Officers in the Independent Companies,  The Officers of the Boston Militia,  and of the Militia in the neighboring towns.  The Society of the Cincinnati, and Officers of the late American Army,  The Medical Society.  Governors and Officers of Harvard-College,  The Trustees and Members of the Humane Society,  The Council and Members of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.  The gentlemen Clergy, of the town of Boston, and the neighboring towns.  The Physicians to the deceased.  The Rev. Mr. THACHER.  Pall supported by   Hon. Judge LOWELL,  CORPS  Rev. Presd. WILLARD,    Hon. Mr. GILL,  Hon. Mr. RUSSELL,     LIEUT. GOVERNOR,
General LINCOLN.
THE RELATIONS.
 The Deacons and Committee of the Rev. Mr. Thacher's Church,  The High Sheriff of the County,  The Hon. Chief Justice JAY, and the Hon. Judge CUSHING, Foreign Consuls,  The Members of the Hon. Council, in town.  The Members of Congress, in town,  The Members of the Hon. Senate, and House of Representatives in town.  The Secretary and Treasurer of the State,  The Selectmen and Overseers of the town,  The Town-Clerk and Treasurer,  The Marine Society,  The Gentlemen of the Insurance Offices, Friends and Acquaintance.  After the carriage of the deceased, followed his Excellency THE GOVERNOR, in his carriage.  And as great a collection of carriages of all kinds, as we ever recollect to have seen assembled on a similar occasion.  Captain JOHNSON's company of Artillery assembled upon the common, and discharged their pieces during the Procession.  The streets were crowded with mourning citizens: 
Largely had Gov. BOWDOIN shared in the distinctions of the world. To the honor of Harvard College, he was educated at that Seminary of Learning; and so highly was he distinguished for his abilities, that at a very early age he was elected a Representative of the town of Boston, in which office he was continued, until he was elected one of the Council of the then Province of Massachusetts Bay, where he served with great reputation, until negatived by Governors BERNARD and GAGE, for his decided and able opposition to British measures. He took a distinguished part in the revolution, having been President of the Council of this State, for a number of years during the war; was President of the Convention that formed the State Constitution, and since the revolution, he has been Governor of this Commonwealth. He died President of the Academy of Arts and Sciences, in this State; President of the Humane Society; Doctor of Laws in the Universities of Cambridge and Edinburgh; Fellow of the Royal Societies of London and Dublin, and of the Society of Arts in Great Britain.
No trait in his character was perhaps more distinguished, than his last, his death: Inspired by religion, and upheld by the father of mercies, he endured a most painful sickness, with the greatest firmness and patience; and received the stroke of death, with a calmness, a resignation, and composure, that marked the truly great and good man.—Thus has died, if not the pride, at least one of the brightest ornaments of his country, and of human nature.
It must afford general satisfaction to the public at large, when it is known that the family of the Hon. Mr. Bowdoin, deceased, set an example worthy of general imitation, in conforming to the bye-laws of the town, respecting the wearing of mourning.
The Hon. Mr. Bowdoin, has, we hear, among other legacies, left handsome donations to the University at Cambridge; to the Academy of Arts and Sciences, and to the poor of the Rev. Mr. Thacher's Church.
ROME, (ITALY), August 7.
SOME Frenchmen are arrested almost every day in this metropolis. The order extends to every rank, strangers, priests, or hereticks; they are immediately conducted to the frontiers, and wished a good voyage, after being first strictly enjoined to appear no more in the Pope's dominions.
BERLIN, (PRUSSIA), August 8.
Since the signature of the articles of pacification, the armies of General Uedom and Henkel, have received orders to unite, for the formation of a body of 60,000 men, under the command of the Duke of Brunswick.
That experienced leader marches into Russia, immediately upon the Empress's declaration that she will not accede to the proposals for peace between her and the Porte.
His Majesty gives up his claim to Dantzick and Thorn, to demonstrate that the object of his arming was merely the establishment of peace and the welfare of humanity, Bucharest is to be the seat of negotiation.
M. Belgin goes as ambassador from Prussia to Constantinople.
LONDON, September 10—14.
PARTICULARS OF THE LATE FIRE AT MADRID.
This dreadful fire, that has been burning upwards of ten days, has nearly destroyed in Place Mayor, one of the handsomest squares of the capital, and the most filled with tradesmen's shops a third part of it, with a row of houses of an adjacent street, upwards of 80 in all, have already fallen a prey to the flames; which the public prayers, many soldiers and workmen, with a small engine, and several squirts, have not been able to extinguish. The fire began at midnight: forthwith the miraculous image of St. Roch was uncovered and brought, in procession, to the square, but the conflagration, notwithstanding the presence of the Saint, and the fervent prayers of the multitude, did not rage with less violence. The holy sacrament succeeded but with as little success; the Duke of Medina Celithen substituted the sacred image of our Saviour, belonging to the Capuchin's convent in his hotel. These successive pious efforts lasted more than six hours, during which time it was visible that the workmen preferred prayers to exertions. The Dominicans have been reproached with having refused to bring forth our lady of Atocha, a Madonna, who never fails of success. The fire, it is said, was owing to a private gentleman's devotion, who kept, night and day, many lighted tapers before the shrine of a wonderful image.
Wednesday evening the New Year was ushered in by the Jews, with that solemnity which distinguishes that holiday from all others. The men appeared in their different Synagogues clothed in shrouds; the women all in white; which cast a very awful reflection on the ungodly among them; for it is presumed, that on that festival the almighty sits in judgment for poor sinners; and on that account the Jews invoke angels, patriarchs, and deceased friends, to intercede for their iniquities.
After the conquest of Zettin, the Turks were constrained in their flight to abandon a great number of children; previous to which they fastened round the necks of these little unfortunates, a note, on which was written as follows: "May the God of mercy inspire with pity those into whose hands this innocent child may fall. Praise and glory to thee, all-merciful God; Thou hast formed man for life. Wherefore dost thou suffer thy children to destroy each other?—Ah! miserable orphans! Abandoned by the author of thy existence—God alone can be thy guide and thy protector."
Our Northern neighbours punish with exemplary severity a crime which is every day committed in this metropolis with impunity. The butchers blow up their meat to distend the skinny fibres, and give the meat the appearance of fatness.—Veal, in particular, is every day blown up with breath issuing from lungs infected, perhaps, with the worst of all diseases—but, in fact,

the breath of even a person in perfect health, is well known to be rank poison.
The Princes of France are now degraded to pensioners. This is perhaps as great a stride towards despotism as any Monarch of France at any one time ever made.
The Maestres de Camp, who have lately revolted at Nancy, in Lorrain, in point of number and appearance, form the finest regiment of cavalry in Europe.
The sum for which the two lame ducks waddled out of the Alley this week, is said to amount to near 30,000l. sterling.
The situation of the rising States of America is rather an alarming one;—the arrearage of interest amounts to 13,000,000 of dollars; the foreign and domestic debts form a total of 67,000,000; but the domestic debt is so far from being accurately estimated, that it is generally supposed to be 100,000,000; yet it has been proposed to procure more loans by way of experiment.
A letter from Philadelphia has the following paragraph: "Our trade is rapidly increasing, and particularly our China trade, which has met with the utmost success. Two of our China vessels have just arrived with valuable cargoes; the demand for Indian goods is very considerable."
Philadelphia promises fairly to become a province of the first mercantile consequence among the United States; its merchants are the wealthiest and its inhabitants the most numerous. These advantages, added to those of their situation, cannot fail to make and maintain them the first people of America.
A fact has lately been discovered that must infallibly stop, in some degree, the horrid carnage of sparrows, and lessen the number of those important garden personages, called scare-crows! A curious observer proves that sparrows are more useful than destructive; for a pair of those birds, during the time they have their young to feed, destroy every week 3360 caterpillars. This calculation he founded upon actual observation; he discovered that the two parents carried to the nest 40 caterpillars in an hour. He then supposes (which is a moderate supposition) that the sparrows enter the nest twelve hours each day, which is a daily consumption of 480; this multiplied by 7, gives 3360 of those voracious pests destroyed by only two birds.
Not long since a gentleman in Leicestershire sold a ram for three hundred guineas! [ The price of a vote. ]
TIPPOO SAIB , agreeable to accounts from India, is busily employed in carrying on offensive operations against the British settlements in that quarter. His inveteracy against the English has always been great. The last letters from Madras, received in London, mention that vigorous preparations were making by the English to oppose his progress; or, to use their expression, "to strike him on the most vital part, with all their combined force." Tippoo has thrown off his turban, and swore never again to wear it until the Travancore country was subdued.
An alliance matrimonial is on the tapis, between the Heir to the crown of Naples and the Archduchess Amelia, daughter to the King of Hungary.
Extract of a letter from Paris, Sept. 7.
"The manner of doing business in this kingdom is now such, especially with Foreign Ambassadors, that no absolute certainty of measures can be come at. Mirabeau , for the moment, does every thing; but it is to be hoped, his power will not last. The doctrine of war is his; the negotiation with foreign ministers is directed by him. The King has no more power than an infant. His ministers are insignificant. Every thing centers in the Assembly—and there half a dozen men govern absolutely. Things are coming fast to a crisis—which must end in a civil or foreign war. Perhaps this devoted country may experience the horrible consequences of both."
"M. Necker was again seized a few days ago with a slight return of his complaint, which he generally feels when any fresh cause of grief arises. Notwithstanding which, he was earnestly preparing the memorial on the subject of assignats * when a mob, raised to oppose a vote of thanks to the Marquis de Bouille, and to the Garde Nationale of Metz under his command, demanded aloud in the Thuilleries, not only the dismissal, but also the heads of the Ministers, and more violently that of M. de la Tour du Pin, and M. Necker.—Horse and foot were instantly ready to protect them; but the General thought it his duty at the same time to insinuate, that he wished they would absent themselves a few hours."
"Mr. Necker was in his closet. Several of his friends came out of breath from the Thuilleries, telling him he had not five minutes to lose, for the mob were coming. At that moment an Aid du Camp of M. de la Fayette, came in, saying, "I beg, Sir, you will not be alarmed; I have 600 men with me, and we will all die; before one
hair of your head is touched." M. Necker no longer resisted, and said, "Since it is so, I will go; for were a single bayonet to be used in my cause, I should never be happy."
"The Aid-du-camp said, That in expectation of this he had brought a coach—in which Mr. and Mrs. Necker, and the Aid-du-camp , having seated themselves, they drove out of the hotel, unattended, to avoid being remarked. It was then nine o'clock in the evening. The aid-du-camp directed the coachman thro' every street which he knew to be without danger. From that hour until three o'clock in the morning, that virtuous Minister wandered in the dark on the high roads, and across the fields, in a hired coach with two horses, attended by his faithful companion, and the aid-du-camp ."
"At two o'clock, M. de la Fayette, who knew the road he had taken, sent another aid-du-camp to him, to inform him that Paris was perfectly quiet, and to invite him to return."
"M. Necker re-entered the gates at three o'clock, and the same morning he sent his resignation to the King, and wrote a letter to the Assembly."
"M. de la Tour du Pin, Minister of War, spent also the best part of the night out of his house."
"I have some idea that this late tumult is, in part, owing to the planners of the immense emission of Assignats , who dread M. Necker's opposition, and seek this method to force him out."
Authentic particulars of the dreadful affair at Nancy, from M. Bouille's Letters to the National Assembly, dated Nancy, Sept. 1.
Since my entrance into this city I have not had a moment to spare, to send a regular account of my conduct, and of the present state of things here. On the 31st, I assembled the troops destined to quell the rebellion of the three regiments of Nancy. I read to them the Decree of the National Assembly; and from their manner I saw I might depend on their disposition and order to execute the decree.
At ten o'clock, on the road from Pont a Mousson to Nancy, I was met by a deputation from the Municipality and the garrison of Nancy. My answer was positive, that the garrison must quit the city, and Messrs. DENOUE and MALSEIGNE must be set at liberty. I continued my march, and at two o'clock in the afternoon I arrived within a league and a half of the city.
Here I was again met by deputies, to whom I repeated the conditions, and added besides, that they must deliver to me four of the most culpable of each regiment, whom I should send to the National Assembly. A delay of one hour was desired. I granted it: at four o'clock I approached the city; I made my troops halt at 30 yards from the walls.
A deputation from the Municipality, and from the King's regiment informed me, that the soldiers were departing according to my orders. I ran to my advanced guard to prevent an action. While the soldiers were going out of the other gates, one only was guarded by soldiers from each of the three regiments. I marched to the gate with my vanguard; I summoned the gate to be surrendered; I was answered by the discharge of cannon and musketry. The National Guard returned the fire, burst open the gate, and it was no longer possible to stop my men; they killed all that encountered them.
When arrived at the Great Square, I formed my troops in order of battle. They fired on us from the windows. I immediately advanced, through different streets, to the Arsenal, and the quarters of the regiments. Here a furious combat commenced—which lasted three hours. I had not more than 2400 regulars, and 6 or 700 National Guards; and we were attacked by 10,000; for the insurgents were joined by the lower part of the inhabitants.
At seven o'clock, the Swiss regiment of Chateauxvieux, being cut to pieces, and part taken prisoners, the regiment of Mestre-de-camp being fled out of the city, the Kings regiment sent to me, that they would surrender. I ordered them to march out of the city to their destined quarters and then I repaired to the Town-house.
To-day order is entirely re-established, and the citizens are satisfied. We have lost a great many men; I cannot at present exactly specify the number of the dead, but I believe they amount to at least three hundred.
Monsr. Malseigne has rejoined the Scarabineers , who have returned to their duty, and have delivered up twenty of the ring-leaders of the insurrection.
PARISIAN INTELLIGENCE.
NATIONAL ASSEMBLY.
M. VIELLARD , from the Committee of Reports, gave an account of some horrid excesses lately committed in the city of Montaubon. The people of this city being heated and inflamed by the seditious writings that have been industriously dispersed by the clergy and the enemies of liberty, collected in great bodies, and resisted the Municipal officers in the exercise of their duty, committed the greatest cruelties upon the Protestants,
and had killed numbers of these unfortunate people. Five of the officers of the National guard were also killed by these wretched fanatics. In short, the city of Montaubon was one scene of blood. The Assembly, after some debate on this subject passed the following decree: "The National Assembly being informed of the troubles which prevail in the city of Montaubon, and from a conviction that it is their duty to delay no time in gaining light into the horrid excesses that have been there committed, decree, that the President wait immediately on the King, and entreat him to take the necessary steps for restoring tranquillity to the city, to give orders for all the citizens to wear the national cockade, and that all Protestants and others, not of the Catholic faith, be put under the protection of the laws; and also decree, that he will instantly take the most expeditious and efficacious measures that justice may be done upon those, who, either by neglect in their several duties, or by seditious combination, have excited and fomented the troubles of that city."
The massacre of the Protestants at Montaubon was occasioned by that intolerant rage which the Clergy of all nations, and of all times, have been so profligate as to excite in the bosoms of the ignorant. The Bishop of Montaubon was wicked enough to collect the people, and chiefly the women—and from the churches of his diocese the female furies, warmed to enthusiasm by the horrid doctrines of the Priests, and their rage being sanctioned by Masses, were sent forth in all directions, spreading murder and bloodshed, for the sake of preserving their holy religion.
A letter was next read from a great number of Friars, of the abolished Benedictine Order, complaining bitterly of the tyranny of their superiors, in refusing to absolve them of the oaths of superstition and bigotry; and another from the Jews of Paris, craving the decision of the Assembly on their fate; both of which were remitted to the committee of reports.
LONDON.
The Emperor of Morocco has declared WAR against Spain, on which account three regiments have been embarked at Cadiz to defend the Spanish coasts most likely to be attacked by these Barbarians.
No Messenger has yet arrived from Madrid, though hourly expected.
The universal conversation this day upon 'Change is in favor of a general peace in Europe. Numbers of people complain at the mysterious behaviour of Government upon the occasion, though, perhaps, it may be wholly unavoidable. Truth, however, must come out, soon or late—a Gazette account of further Negotiations may be at no great distance.
The number of killed and wounded on both sides, in the late mutiny, at Nancy, is stated, in a private letter, received by yesterday's mail, at upwards of 1600.
The rapid growth of the salmon may not be generally known: A gentleman of credit at Warrington, caught one on the 7th Feb. which weighed seven pounds and three quarters: He marked it on the back, fin and tail, with scissars, and then turned it into the river. It was taken on the 17th day of the following month, and then it weighed seventeen pounds and an half.
ELECTION DINNER.
In the Reign of Queen Elizabeth, Sir Oliver Wilkie was chosen Member of Parliament for the city of Bristol; and, as he was a gentleman of extensive benevolence, he gave so sumptuous an entertainment at his election, that a maiden Aunt of Sir Oliver gave 10,000l. from him and the family, because she considered him as too prodigal.
What reason the good old lady had to think so, will appear from the following bill of fare at this grand dinner!
   FIRST COURSE.     Calves Feet Soup at the upper End 0 1   At the bottom of the table, roast Rabbit 0 2   At Sir Oliver's right hand, Bowed Cockles 0 1   At his left side, poached Eggs with Hop Tops 0 1½   Opposite side, boiled Mushrooms 0 0   Middle black Caps 0 0½   SECOND COURSE.   Dish of Fish at the upper end (fried Sprats) 0 1½   At the bottom, Tripe ragoued in its own liquor 0 1½   Next to Sir Oliver's right hand, Rice Fritters 0 0¾   Opposite, Eggs alamode 0 1½   Ditto, to the right, Oysters on shells 0 1   Left side, Radishes 0 0½   Middle, black Caps as above 0 0½   Butter allowed for cooking, half lb. 0 1½   Salt and Pepper 0 1½   Two bottles of Ginger Wine drank at and after dinner 0 2½   Toast and Water 0 0¾   Ordered to four waiters in white waistcoats 0 1   Bread and small Beer, what you please 0 0   1 7¾  
Ram, at Bristol, June 4, 1652.
Received then of Mr. Cuthbert Cowledge, Steward to Sir Oliver Wilkie, one shilling and seven pence half-penny (he deducting a farthing for prompt payment) being a full consideration for Sir Oliver Wilkie's election dinner, and received, in full, by me, R. K.
* Assignats are a sort of paper money, like bank-bills. Monsr. Mirabeau proposed to issue to the amount of two millions sterling, in this manner, and when the estates of the Clergy were to be sold those assignats were to be accepted as cash.

EXTRACTS.
SEPARATE wooden types were invented by Laurentius Coster, at Harlem, in 1430: Cut metal types by Geinsfleisch, or rather by his brother Gutenberg, assisted by the liberality of John Fust, or Faustus, at Mentz, in 1444. With these types, the earliest edition of the bible was printed in 1450. The art of casting types in matrices was invented by Peter Schoeffer, the son-in-law of Faustus, in 1452. The first edition of Tully's Offices, printed by Fust and Schoeffer, is dated 1465. About that time printing began to spread itself with great rapidity thro' the principal cities of Europe.
KING JAMES the 1st. wrote a Treatise on the HEINOUS SIN of using Tobacco, entitled— "A counterblaste to Tobacco."—The royal pedant represents those, who use tobacco, as guilty of "great vanitie and uncleannesse—of sinful and shameful lust;" and concludes his invective in these terms: "It is a custom loathsome to the eye—hateful to the nose—harmfull to the brain—dangerous to the lungs—and in the black stinking fume thereof, nearest resembling the horrible stygian smoake of the pit that is bottomlesse."
King James's Works, p. 222.
COMMON FAME—
Amuses people with what does not concern them, and her reports are generally void of foundation; she marries and buries numbers, without even their permission or knowledge; raises vast armies and equips mighty fleets without a single farthing of expence to the potentate for whose service they are intended; fights bloody battles, and leaves thousands slain on the field, who are nevertheless in good health; takes and lays in ashes, cities and provinces that never existed: All these things, and many others of a like nature, she is doing continually. If you believe her she will persuade you that you are entirely ignorant of your own concerns; and your neighbors are by her made acquainted with what you do, and intend doing, what you yourself never had either intention or power to accomplish—this is COMMON FAME.
SAVANNA-LA-MAR, Oct. 5.
Thursday last, three female Eboe Slaves belonging to Fonthill estate in this parish, threw themselves into the sea, determined to put a period to their existence; and in a few hours after were discovered floating on the ocean, by some of the estate's negroes that had been fishing.
Saturday came on an action of defamation, wherein Mr. — Campbell was the complainant, and Mr. — Sandilande the defendant. It appeared the plaintiff was servant upon the property, at the rate of 70l. pr. ann. the defendant having slain, or caused to be slain, a beast, the property of the plaintiff's employer—he was prosecuted, and damages awarded: Mr. Campbell being the material evidence.
This irritated the defendant—upon which he made use of very unwarrantable expressions, on repeated occasions, and at long intervals of time.
The jury found a verdict for the plaintiff of 400l. as a caution to those whose passions carry them beyond the bounds of reason—and to such of the rich, as conceive they can insult with impunity the poor.
Same day came on a cause, King versus Stupart, for a default in not paying before the double premium took place, from which circumstance the plaintiff could not recover his insurance, and the vessel was lost. The jury returned a verdict for the plaintiff.
S A L E M, November 9.
A GENERAL PEACE.
In the North of Europe has followed the treaty between the Kings of Prussia and Hungary—as we are informed by Capt. RICHARD DERBY, who arrived here on Saturday, in 60 days from Gottenburg.—The terms of peace were not particularly known at Gottenburg when he came away, but a message from his Swedish Majesty purported that they were honorable and satisfactory to him, beyond his expectations. The treaty was concluded in Finland. His Majesty arrived at Stockholm about the first of September. The troops at Gottenburg were disbanded. The merchants were sending off their vessels as usual in time of peace.
A short time before Capt. Derby sailed, a Swedish 50 gun ship, going from Marstrand to Gottenburg, sprung a leak, and went down very suddenly, by which above 400 lives were lost—about 40 only were saved.
B O S T O N, Nov. 9.
GOV. BOWDOIN.
If native genius, embellished with all the ornaments of polite learning—if deep researches into the nature and principles of philosophy, and of the arts and sciences in general—if a profound knowledge of government, and the politics of his country—if the love and esteem of his fellow-citizens, and of the Literati of the world, from an extensive reputation—if the prayers of the poor and needy, to whom he bestowed, with a silent, but liberal hand—if the tears of his relation and household—if the ardent wishes of his particular friends, and of all who knew him—if in fine, an unaffected piety and religion, added to the most exemplary morality, from earliest youth, could have emancipated from the grave any character, this truly dignified one would have never tasted DEATH: But "it is appointed for all men once to die."
Philadelphia, Nov. 24.
THE PRESIDENT of the United States was to leave Mount Vernon, his seat in Virginia, on Monday last, on his return to the seat of government.
On Friday last the Hon. JOHN LANGDON, Senator of the United States from New Hampshire, with his lady and daughter, arrived here from Portsmouth.
On Saturday arrived in town from Virginia, The Hon. THOMAS JEFFERSON, Secretary of State; and the Hon. JAMES MADISON, one of the Representatives in Congress from that State.
The Hon. NICHOLAS GILMAN, member of the House of Representatives of the United States, is also arrived in town from New-Hampshire, via Newport, R. Island.
The life of JOHN ELWES is comprized in the following sentence, an exemplification of the power of avarice.
The ensuing session of Congress will be highly interesting to the United States. The objects which will arrest the attention of the august national legislature, are of the greatest magnitude. Altho' much has been done—yet much remains to be effected; but the general approbation with which the proceedings of government have been received—the harmony and good understanding which pervade the States under its auspices—and the encreasing advantages which the people realize from the laws of the Union, will animate our civil fathers in the prosecution of their duty—for the highest testimony of public merit, is the success of public measures.
Among many other important subjects of legislative deliberation and decision, which will probably come before Congress, are the establishment of a national mint, and a national bank—uniformity of weights and measures—the post-office, and post-roads—ways and means to pay the interest on that part of the national debt which was left unprovided for the last session—the organization of the militia—with a variety of incidental business, interesting to particular states, corporations, and individuals, to which the general government alone can pay a competent attention.
The citizens of New-York are making the most spirited and meritorious exertions to establish a Public Dispensary in that city—and from all appearances there is no doubt but their humane efforts will be crowned with deserved success.
Says a correspondent, one would suppose, from the accounts published of the lands on the Mississippi, and adjacent to the Natchez, that the veritable spot where the garden of Eden was situated, has at length been discovered: A plant of tobacco when cured, raised in that country, will "weigh a pound"—and the produce of the land is "from 100 to 135 bushels of corn per acre"—"battalions of cavalry, artillery and infantry" are raised there, in a month—merely as a defensive and protective guard; but for offensive operations, the men are as the stars for multitude: "Five hundred families" is a mere handful among the many millions of emigrants that are daily flocking to this land of promise! And as to any dread of Indians, the thousands of fighting men, which will be on the ground by Christmas, will set the tawnies a scouting, from the St. Lawrence to the Mississippi—nor will a murdering dog of them stop, or look back, till they reach the Pacific Ocean!—But after all—a wilderness is a wilderness—and if in the cultivated parts of the United States, it is the lot of the mass of the people to get their bread by the sweat of their brow, it will be found that the curse is not diminished, by encountering nature in her most rugged form—surrounded by the terrors of the scalping-knife.
"The navigation of the ancient Romans was chiefly confined to the Mediterranean." What an idea does this convey of the difference between those conquerors of the world, and the infant empire of these rising States. Our navigators have long been familiar with the polar regions of the South, where they have plowed the ocean in search of the monsters of the deep—and lately they have thrown a girdle round the globe in exploring the extremities of the North. Since the peace, our cock-boats, compared to the ships of Britain, have traversed the southern and eastern seas, and returned in safety with the rich products of Asia—so that a voyage to China is now a more common enterprize, than one to Great-Britain was, forty years ago.
"There is no real use in riches, except in the distribution." Many persons possess very large sums in solid coin, which has not been in circulation for many years: Such gold may as well be in the bottom of the sea; it cannot be called a misfortune therefore, when the prodigal heirs of misers enter on the enjoyment of their wealth—for this only distributes that, which was before a cruel monopoly of the blessings of providence.
LATEST ARRIVALS AT THIS PORT.
Brig New-Success, Throckmorton, London and Grenada, 13 weeks. Sloop Harriet, Kirby, Wilmington, (N. C.) 13 days. Indulstry, Swetland, St. Martins, 21. Schooner Dast. Price, Jamaica, 37. Sally, Howland, Bedford, 12.
Postscript.
BY THE MAIL ARRIVED LAST EVENING. ABSTRACT OF FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE.
PHILADELPHIA, Nov. 24.
THE press for seamen continues in most of the British ports; and uncertainty rests on the events of Peace or War with Spain. Accounts from Gibraltar mention some recent encroachments upon the neutral ground before that fortress.
The Duke of Cumberland, brother to the King of England, died the 18th Sept. after a long illness; he was in his 47th year; and has left no issue.
The estimate of the loss by the late fire at Madrid, is reported to be Five Millions Sterling.
The grand fleet under Lord Howe arrived at Spithead the 14th September.
The Emperor of Morocco has declared war against Spain.—Another messenger was hourly expected from Spain; matters not being yet settled.
The number of killed and wounded on both sides in the late mutiny at Nancy, in France, is stated to be upwards of 1600.
The Empress of Russia, exasperated against the English, has concluded a hasty alliance with Sweden, in order, it is said, to hurt the former, by aiding the Spaniards.
A new league is said to be on the tapis between Russia, Spain and France—as a counterbalance to the alliance between England, Prussia and Holland.
The Austrian army was on its march to Brabant. The National Guards of France, alarmed by the inflammatory publications which abound in that country, were on their march to the frontiers of the kingdom, to prevent any inroads of the Austrians; tho' it does not appear that Leopold has any design of interfering in the affairs of France.
The Austrian army, destined to the low countries, amounted to 49,417 men.
Recent accounts from Germany must afford some very interesting particulars respecting the coronation and inauguration of the Emperor; the state of affairs in the low countries; the progress of liberty in Hungary, and in the heart of the Empire: for the last accounts from Vienna state that great uneasiness prevailed in that city on account of the peace made by the King of Prussia, between Austria and the Turks; the people appeared hostile to any coercive measures being adopted against the Brabanters.
Great Britain has guaranteed the duties of the sound, to Denmark: These duties amount to 200,000l. a year.
The affairs of Hungary are in a critical situation, and seriously menace the tranquility of Europe.
The English papers inform of further naval armaments: A large fleet is ordered to be got ready immediately: Its destination is conjectured to be the West-Indies.
Accounts from Martinico inform, that every thing is in confusion at that island: Every vessel which arrives from the States have guards put on board. Guadaloupe is almost deserted; the men being gone as volunteers to Martinique.
The celebrated Mr. Bruce, whose travels into Abyssinia have lately been published, gives an account of the sources of the Nile, which never had been before traced by any traveller, nor was the world in possession of any satisfactory account of its origin. It may however be observed, that his discoveries confirm the conjectures of some former travellers, who had supposed that the head of that famous river, like that of most others, terminated in inconsiderable springs and rivulets.
DOMESTIC ARTICLES.
RICHMOND, (Virg.) November 17.
Extract from the Journal of the House of Delegates.
RESOLVED, That it is the opinion of this committee, That an act of the United States, intituled, "An act making provision for the debt of the United States," so far as the same pledges the faith of the United States, and appropriates funds for the payment of certain debts due by the several states in the union, will in its operation be highly injurious to those states, which have by persevering and strenuous exertions, redeemed a considerable proportion of the debt incurred by them, during the late war, and will particularly produce great injury to this state; because a large portion of the debt then contracted by this Commonwealth, having been already redeemed by the collection of heavy taxes levied on its citizens, and measures having been taken for the gradual payment of the balance, so as to afford the most certain prospect of extinguishing the whole at a period not very distant: the Commonwealth will, by the operation of the aforesaid act, be involved for the payment of debts contracted by other states, which either have not paid any part thereof themselves, or have reduced them but in a small proportion compared with the payments made by this state, by means whereof a heavy debt will be intailed on this state, which never can be extinguished by all its efforts, whilst any part of the debts contracted by any state in the American union, and so assumed shall remain unpaid.
NEW-YORK, November 20.
Extract of a letter from St. Helena (via London) June 24.
"An American Whaler from the South Seas, bound to Philadelphia, put in here in distress on the 21st inst. having met with a severe gale in lat. 38. 6. S. Long. 50. 7. E. She has been very successful, having 190 tons of spermaceti oil. On her passage she fell in with a vessel from Botany-Bay bound to London, which was in distress for want of provisions. The American would have relieved her wants, but found it impossible, from the extreme badness of the weather, which prevented the possibility of a boat being hoisted out; and they soon after parted with her in a violent gale. They previously learnt, however, that at the time of her leaving it the settlement at Botany-Bay was almost in the last stage of human distress; that the officers and soldiers would not do any kind of duty, their times being out; that the government intended to embark for England the first opportunity, and leave the convicts to their fate, most of whom (that had been transported for life) had petitioned to be sent home and hanged, by the first opportunity, rather than remain in that wretched country, where with their utmost endeavors, they had only yet been able to raise 20 acres of wheat, which had been their whole dependence for some time past, and a few fish, but not a sufficiency for every body. The felons whose times had expired, were very mutinous for going home, and every body was sick of the expedition."
ANNAPOLIS, November 18.
"Died, in this city, early in the morning of the 16th inst. in the 67th year of his age, the honorable DANIEL OF ST. THOMAS JENIFER, Esquire, a man so well known and distinguished by his country, that an eulogium on his character is altogether unnecessary."
WILMINGTON, Nov. 20.
The Hon. JOHN VINING is re-elected a member of the House of Representatives of the United States, for this State.
PRICE CURRENT.—PUBLIC SECURITIES.
   FUNDED DEBT.     6 pr. Cents 14 3/4 pr. £. or 70 pr. cent.   3 pr. Cents 7 3/4 pr. £. or 36 3/4 do.   Deferred 6 pr. Cents 6/3. 33 do.   UNFUNDED DEBT.   Final Sett. and other Certificates 12 3/4—12 1/2. 63 3/4 do.   Indents 7 3/4 pr. £. 36 3/4 do.   State debts 8 1/2 pr. £. 41 1/4 do.  

ODE, ON THE FOURTH JULY, 1790.
IN the regions of bliss where the majesty reigns, Ten thousand bright Seraphim shone, Wing'd for flight, they all stand, harps of gold in each hand, When a voice issu'd mild from the throne. Ye pow'rs and dominions, bright guardians of realms Whose sway Europe's sons have rever'd; Eastern monarchs no more, your aid shall implore, To the West all your cares be transfer'd. That Vine which from Egypt to Canaan I brought, With an out-stretch'd, omnipotent arm; In America's soil, from Britania's bleak isle, Shall flourish—and brave ev'ry storm. In vain persecution her wheel shall prepare, The tyrant his scourge lift on high, The wheel shall be broke, the scourge and the yoke, All shattered in pieces shall lie. To accomplish my pleasure, a hero I'll raise, Unrival'd in counsel and might; Like the prophet of old, wife, patient and bold, Resistless as Joshua in fight. See the plains of Columbia, with banners o'er spread, Hark, the roar of the battle's begun, Like a son of the skies, when proud rebels arise, He drives the dire hurricane on. Him terrors, nor treasons nor dangers shall daunt, 'Till his country from bondage restor'd; Independent and free, all her greatness shall see Due alone to his conquering sword. When the thunder is o'er, and fair peace spreads her wing, The Chief still refulgent shall beam, Presiding at helm, framing laws for the realm, In Peace as in War still supreme. Then the bright golden age shall triumphant return, Millennium's new paradise bloom; While from earth's distant end, their high state to attend, All nations with transport shall come. Hail, America, hail! the glory of lands! To thee such high honours are given! Thy stars still shall blaze, 'till the moon veil her rays, And the sun lose his path-way in Heaven.
AN AUTHENTIC STATEMENT OF AFFAIRS IN FRANCE, From the 31st to the 12th of Sept. 1790.
THE great difficulties under which the National Assembly labours, seem rather to encrease its energy than to depress its courage. The last, and one of the most important parts of the constitution, is completed; the chambers of vacation are no more; they were the last remnants of the parliaments; they are replaced by justices of the peace, district and department judges.
The finances being now the immediate object of national concern, a concise statement has been laid before the house, by Mr. Montesquieu, member of the committee of finance. This is too important not to interest an American reader.
Mr. Montesquieu carries the actual amount of public contributions to 497 millions, which however, will not be sufficient for the expenditure: this will require an addition of 55 millions.
He divides the public debt into two parts; the ancient debt of the kingdom, and the debt lately contracted by the nation.
1. As to the ancient debt, its reimbursement is not due, as it consists principally in annuities; therefore provision is only to be made for the payment of these annuities.
2. The debt lately contracted is of a different nature, because the capital is immediately to be paid. This debt comprehends the assumption of the debt of the clergy, the reimbursement of all officers of the ancient parliaments and of finance, anticipations, debt of the king and queen's household, public loans in Holland and Genoa, and other loans. All these objects amount to the sum of 1900 millions.
To pay the interest of these 1900 millions it would be necessary to raise the public revenue from 497 millions to 521, independent of the deficit of 55 millions above mentioned, and independent of the annual expense of public worship now payable by the nation. To provide for this extraordinary debt, the nation has acquired a fund of 2400 millions in domains and church lands, which properly applied are more than sufficient to satisfy its creditors, or rather to pay the expense of this great revolution.
The committee submits to the wisdom of the Assembly three different ways to complete this payment:
1. By certificates bearing an interest 5 per cent. to be received in payment for domain and church land.
2. By assignats upon the said land, bearing no interest.
3. By delivering certificates for half the sum due, and assignats for the other half."
This plan presented towards the end of August, was strongly supported by Mr. Mirabeau, who insisted upon the immediate emission of 2000 millions of assignats, receivable in all payments, as they actually represented the domain and church land. This measure, said he, would effectually convert the enemies of the constitution, as by the emission of so large a sum their fortune would undoubtedly depend on the support of the national decrees. The Assembly having adjourned this important question to the 17th of September, the public have had time to consider it with attention. Mr. Mirabeau's opinion has been adopted by the Chamber of Commerce of Bourdeaux, who addressed the national Assembly on the subject. Many adversaries appear on the other side, amongst whom Mr. Necker is the most eminent, shewing, in a particular memoir to the Assembly, how much commerce, agriculture and administration would be injured by this immense emission of paper-money. Mr. Dupont supports the same opinion in a pamphlet, and the city of Rouen in an address to the National Assembly. The latter proposes the first alternative of the committee as the most eligible, viz. to pay in certificates, bearing an interest of 5 per cent.
Mr. Necker's reasons against the emission of 2000 millions of assignats are indeed strong and weighty; but it may be asked what right this minister had to interfere in the deliberations of the Legislature? Besides, Mr. Necker only disapproves the plan, but he does not propose a better one. Bourdeaux and Rouen have openly declared themselves for and against the emission of assignats; the public are almost equally divided, and the decision of the Assembly, whose debates on the subject are to begin the 17th, uncertain.
The enormous debt of 1900 millions, incurred by the Assembly, will not appear so exorbitant, when we consider that common justice required that the nation should assume the debt of the clergy and royal family, provide for the subsistence of bishops and monks, refund the capital formerly paid for judiciary and finance offices, and make up the losses of the royal treasury sustained by the irregularity of contributions. We have seen that the means to provide for these objects will be easy, but the most eligible mode
must be left to the wisdom and enquiry of the National Assembly.
The moderation and circumspection of this great body, has been lately evidenced in the delicate question on the cession of Avignon. Mr. Tronchet, making a report on this subject, observed that the Pope being in possession of Avignon since 1348, his rights were as respectable as any rights of property; that the citizens of a particular district had not the faculty of giving themselves to another power without the consent of the whole community to which they belong; that therefore Avignon could not be accepted by France, unless all the States of the Pope had collectively consented to this surrender, and that even in that case the negotiations should originate between the King and Pope, and not between the Assembly of France and the people of Avignon. The majority of the Assembly seemed to approve this report, but deferred the ultimate decision to another day.
M. de la Tour du Pin, minister of the war department, has informed the Assembly, that altho' the king had not the least suspicion with respect to the intentions of the King of Hungary, still the great bodies of troops marching towards Brabant rendered it necessary to quiet the minds of the people on the frontiers, by reinforcing them with several regiments. This letter was referred to the military committee. The armaments at Brest, Rochefort and Toulon, are carried on with the greatest dispatch.
According to a decree of the National Assembly, all parliamentary functions of the chambers of vacation were to cease the 20th of Sept. in the provinces, and the 15th October at Paris. About that time the new judges and district judges were to be chosen by the same electors who have the appointment of district assemblies. The same electors were likewise to elect bishops and curates. Thus we have seen, in the course of one year, a complete regeneration of an immense empire; twelve large provinces divided into 85 departments, each department into districts, each district into parishes; a progressive representation from the smallest village to the whole empire; a large body of nobles levelled with the citizens; some hundred thousand monks restored to the community; hereditary judges replaced by elected justices; the road to honor and preferment opened to all ranks, to all religions; a domineering soldiery taught to obey the civil magistrate. Whatever may be the defects of individual members of the National Assembly, we are at a loss to find in history a body of men, who have displayed more courage, more firmness, more wisdom, and who in a shorter space of time have done greater things than the Assembly of France.
Candour obliges us to say, however, that notwithstanding the great perseverance and assiduity of the national Assembly, the country is far from being in a state of tranquility. The enemies of liberty are too numerous and too daring not to excite commotions, which though distressing for the immediate sufferers, are far from being prejudicial to that system which they wish to destroy. From the beginning of the revolution to this day, every attempt of the opposite party has been not only unsuccessful but ruinous for them.
While we deplore their blindness, we sincerely wish that they may not wound the feelings of a patriotic and virtuous King, by their pretended counter-revolution; such an attempt would ruin for ever an ancient and respectable nobility, which is still dear to their country, tho' they are deprived of the empty sound of titles, which like the names of Peter and John, have of late seldom conveyed a higher opinion of the man to the ear of a Frenchman. Families are and will be always respected, if, by an imprudent exertion, they do not forfeit the affection of their countrymen. We acknowledge that they may bring on a civil war, a war which must annihilate them, but we deny the practicability of a counter-revolution. Separate attempts indeed are made in several parts of the kingdom, but they always terminate in the destruction of the ring leaders. The most remarkable is the late commotion of Nancy, where the Swiss regiment of Chateaufieux misled by false insinuations, had taken arms against the commander, Marquis de Bouille, a man distinguished by his conduct in the West-Indies, during the late war. Supported by some citizens, the rebellious regiment actually attempted to defend the city against the approaching militia, commanded by M. de Bouille, who had given previous notice of his expedition to the National Assembly. The militia having forced one of the gates, a great slaughter ensued, in which about 300 men were killed on both sides: but M. de Bouille proving ultimately victorious, the prisoners were committed to a court martial of their countrymen [the Swiss] who condemned every seventh man to be hanged, and 64 of the rest to the galleys. During the conflict an officer of the Kings regiment, perceiving that the Swiss intended to fire a cannon on the militia, placed himself before the mouth of the cannon, devoting himself to a glorious death to save his fellow citizens. The conduct of Mr. Bouille, was highly approved of by the King and Assembly; but the disaffected party embraced with eagerness this opportunity to misrepresent the conduct of the general and ministers; they inflamed the people of Paris to such a degree as to render it necessary for Mr. De la Fayette to reinforce the guards of the National Assembly and of the Ministers; it was said that the militia and the regiment had been wantonly sacrificed to the secret views of M. de Bouille, who after having butchered those who were evidently attached to the constitution, would find it very easy afterwards to bring on a counter-revolution. Aspersions of this kind, however, have a momentary effect at Paris, and the commotions which they excite have so little influence in the Assembly, that whilst the mob assailed the house, they continued the whole day to deliberate coolly on the cession of Avignon. Nothing has yet been able to break the undaunted spirit of that patriotic body. Smaller commotions of regiments at Lille, and in other places, hardly deserve to be mentioned, having been stopped immediately by the new created power of the civil magistrate: A power which is daily strengthened by the fruitful struggles of a soldiery, unaccustomed to the controul of civil law.
The King having been at St. Cloud about six weeks, it can be no more affected by the enemies of the constitution, that his actions are not free. He continues to co-operate with the National Assembly in the most essential points of their proceedings; for their decrees can not be executed but under his authority. In his name M. de Montmorin has informed the Assembly, that every necessary measure has been taken to support the family compact with Spain, and that the King's Ambassador at Madrid has received instructions to renew that treaty under the name of a national compact. Thus in the earliest period of the French regeneration, the future political connections of the kingdom will be defined, and the edifice gradually completed in all its parts.
By way of contrast to these great concerns of the nation, we can not forbear mentioning the voluminous memorial lately presented by the elector of Tiers to the States of the German Empire. He complains of the decree, which by rendering the French church entirely independent of foreign controul, deprives him of his ecclesiastical jurisdiction over Meutz, Toul, Verdun, Nancy, St. Deiz, the Dutchy of Lorrain, and part of Luxembourg. His highness claims the protection and assistance of the empire against these dangerous encroachments on his authority. If, in consequence of his claims, the sacred empire sends into France an army similar to that which has lately attacked the Liegeois, we shall remember the expression of Mr. Mirabeau: "We hope that the Germans will not oblige us to bury some thousands of their soldiers upon our frontiers."
The Pope continues his negotiations with respect to Avignon, and from the disposition of the National Assembly, it is difficult to say what will be the result.
The declining health of Mr. Necker has at last induced him to depart, but being unable to settle his accounts he left that business to M. Dufresne, and set out with his lady, about the 9th of Sept. He was stopped by the militia of Arey, a small town in Champagne, who refused to let him proceed without leave from the National Assembly. Mr. Necker wrote in consequence to the Assembly, who, after some debate, ordered the municipality of Arey to suf-
fer him to depart. It must be confessed that notwithstanding the great talents, integrity and perseverance of this great man, he was deficient in prudence, by interposing his authority in matters that did not belong to his province. By supporting the rights of the Nobles against the opinion of the King's Council, he lost the favor of the people without acquiring the friendship and good will of the nobles, who consider him as the principal author of the revolution. Too often he presumed to give his advice when it was not asked, and, by his opposing the torrent of public opinion, he injured his health and popularity. It is to be wished, however, that Mr. Necker, may soon be able to resume his business, and to endear himself to his fellow-citizens by new exertions of patriotism.
We cannot better conclude this short statement of the affairs in France, than by mentioning the new tribute paid to the memory of a man, who, as a statesman, as a philosopher, but particularly as an American, has for ever gained the applause and esteem of the French nation. The Academy has decreed the highest premium for the next year, on an encomium of Dr. FRANKLIN. Thus the legislature, the people, and the sanctuary of letters, have combined to contribute to the immortality of Franklin, because joined to all his superior qualifications, he had the particular advantage of being a distinguished citizen of the United States.
FROM THE NEW-YORK DAILY GAZETTE.
OBSERVATIONS, designed for the benefit of those who barrel PORK; which being the result of experience, may certainly be depended on. A MERCHANT.
IT is well known that Irish provisions have been, and still are generally used throughout Europe: The quality is a good recommendation, and the mode of preserving them contributes, in no small degree, to their value; yet there is another point in which they differ from the salt provisions of almost every other country, simple in itself, yet extremely useful, as it saves labor in the distribution, and of course gives it the preference to those who have the power of approving or disapproving it. I mean, that they are cut in pieces of a proper size to suit a small mess, both of a navy or army. If American Pork of the first quality (a cask of which in this state, must now weigh 200lbs.) was manufactured in the same manner, viz. fifty pieces of about four pounds each in a barrel, it would command not only a ready sale at foreign markets, but it would also produce a better price; and as this mode of curing it can be attended with no possible injury at any market, it is earnestly recommended to all dealers in Pork, that they will begin and promote a system which, if practised, must tend to their own emolument, and the good of their country.
New-York, 13, Nov. 1790.
JOHN FRANCIS,
Late of NEW-YORK, respectfully informs the public, that he has opened a
Commodious Boarding House,
No. 53, FOURTH-STREET, one door from Race-Street, WHERE Gentlemen may be accommodated with GENTEEL BOARDING AND LODGING, By the Week, Month, or Year, and on the most moderate terms. Phila. Nov. 20, 1790 [2aw.3m.]
INTELLIGENCE-OFFICE, No. 208, in MARKET, above 6th STREET, South side.
WILL be negotiated all kinds of PAPER-MONEY and
Public Securities,
BUSINESS transacted in public offices in the city, and such Paper-Money and Certificates furnished, as will make payment at the Land Office equal to Gold and Silver.
MONEY borrowed or loaned, and BILLS, BONDS, and NOTES of HAND discounted.
HOUSES, Farms, Lands, and Lots, bought and sold, let or leased, and Houses, Rooms, Boarding and Lodging procured for Strangers, or others.
BOOK-KEEPERS, Clerks, School-Masters, Waiters, Nurses, Seamstresses, Chamber and other Maids, and those of other professions, who come well recommended, may hear of employ; and Employers be supplied, by applying to
FRANCIS WHITE.
Dealer in Paper Money, and Public Securities.
TREASURY DEPARTMENT, October 14, 1790.
NOTICE is hereby given, That Proposals will be received at the Office of the Secretary of the Treasury, to the 30th day of November next, inclusive, for the supply of all Rations which may be required for the use of the United States, from the first day of January to the thirty-first day of December 1791, both days inclusive, at Springfield, in the State of Massachusetts, and the Post of West-Point, in the State of New-York.
The Rations to be supplied, are to consist of the following Articles, viz.
One pound of Bread or Flour, One pound of Beef, or 3/4 of a pound of Pork, Half a Jill of Rum, Brandy, or Whiskey, One quart of Salt, Two quarts of Vinegar, Two pounds of Soap, One pound of Candles, } pr. 100 rations.
Separate Proposals may be made for each place, specifying the lowest price pr. ration. No credit is required.
Improvements and Additions to Mr. Bowen's Exhibition of Wax-Work,
Viz. HIS Excellency Benjamin Franklin, Esq.—A Philadelphia Beauty.—Peace, (an elegant figure) with her Olive Branch. Plenty, with wreaths of Flowers, basket of Fruit, &c.
TICKETS, at one quarter dollar, may be had at Mr. JAMES BRYSON'S, No. 4, Third, below Market Street; where the exhibition is open from 10 o'clock in the Morning, until 9 every Evening.
N. B. MINIATURE and PORTRAIT PAINTING done at the same place, on reasonable terms. Philadelphia, Oct. 30, 1790.
SUBSCRIBERS in the City and State of New-York—and to the Eastward as far as Boston, will please to pay their arrearages to Mr. P. Wetmore, at the Post-Office, New-York—who will also receive subscriptions for the Gazette.
The price of this paper is 3 dolls. pr. ann. and 5d. single number.