National gazette. (Philadelphia [Pa.]), 1792-06-28 00:00:00

National Gazette.
By P. FRENEAU: Published MONDAYS and THURSDAYS, at THREE DOLLARS per annum.
VOL. I.
THURSDAY, June 28, 1792.
NUMB. 70.
AUTHENTIC
A CONSTITUTION Or FORM OF GOVERNMENT for the STATE OF KENTUCKY.
We the Representatives of the People of the State of Kentucky in Convention assembled, do ordain and establish this Constitution for its government.
[Continued from our last and concluded.]
ARTICLE III.
Sec. 1. IN elections by the citizens, all free male citizens of the age of twenty-one years, having resided in the state two years, or the county in which they offer to vote one year next before the election, shall enjoy the rights of an elector, but no person shall be entitled to vote except in the county in which he shall actually reside at the time of the election.
Sec. 2. All elections shall be by ballot.
Sec. 3. Electors shall in all cases except treason, felony and breach or surety of the peace, be privileged from arrest during their attendance at elections, and in going to and returning from them.
ARTICLE IV.
Sec. 1. THE House of Representatives shall have the sole power of impeaching.
Sec. 2. All impeachments shall be tried by the Senate; when sitting for that purpose, the Senators shall be upon oath or affirmation: No person shall be convicted without the concurrence of two thirds of the members present.
Sec. 3. The governor and all other civil officers shall be liable to impeachment for any misdemeanor in office; but judgment in such cases shall not extend further than to removal from office and disqualification to hold any office of honor, trust or profit under this commonwealth; but the party convicted shall nevertheless be liable and subject to indictment, trial and punishment according to law.
ARTICLE V.
Sec. 1. THE Judicial power of this commonwealth both as to matters of law and equity, shall be vested in one Supreme Court, which shall be styled the Court of Appeals, and in such inferior courts as the legislature may from time to time ordain and establish.
Sec. 2. The Judges both of the Supreme and Inferior courts shall hold their offices during good behavior: but for any reasonable cause which shall not be sufficient ground of impeachment, the governor or may remove any of them on the address of two thirds of each branch of the Legislature. They shall at stated times receive for their services an adequate compensation to be fixed by law, which shall not be diminished during their continuance in office.
Sec. 3. The supreme court shall have original and final jurisdiction in all cases respecting the titles to land under the present land laws of Virginia, including those which may be depending in the present Supreme court for the district of Kentucky, at the time of establishing the said Supreme court; and in all cases concerning contracts for land, prior to the establishing of those titles. And the said court shall have power to hear and determine the same in a summary way, and to direct the mode of bringing the same to a hearing, so as to enable them to do right and justice to the parties, with as little delay and at as small an expence as the nature of the business will allow; but the said court shall, in all such cases oblige the parties to state the material parts of their complaint and defence in writing; and shall on the conclusion of every cause, state on the records, the whole merits of the case, the questions arising therefrom, the opinions of the court thereupon, and a summary of the reasons in support of those opinions.
Sec. 4. And it shall be the duty of each judge of the Supreme court, present at the hearing of any such cause, and differing
from a majority of the court, to deliver his opinion in writing, to be entered as aforesaid; and each judge shall deliver his opinion in open court. And the said court shall have power on the determination of any such case, to award the legal costs against either party or to divide the same among the different parties, as to them shall seem just and right. And the said court shall have full power to take such steps as they may judge proper, to perpetuate testimony in all cases concerning such titles. Provided that a jury shall always be impaneled for the finding of such facts as are not agreed by the parties; unless the parties or their attorneys, shall waive their right of trial by jury, and refer the matter of fact to the decision of the court. Provided also, that the legislature may whenever they may judge it expedient, pass an act or acts to regulate the mode of proceedings in such cases, or to take away entirely the original jurisdiction hereby given to the said court in such cases.
Sec. 5. In all other cases the supreme court shall have appellate jurisdiction only, with such exceptions and under such regulations as the legislature shall make; and the legislature may from time to time vest in the supreme and inferior courts, or either of them, such powers both in law and equity, as they shall judge proper and necessary, for the due administration of justice.
Sec. 6. A competent number of justices of the peace shall be appointed in each county, they shall be commissioned during good behavior, but may be removed on conviction of misbehavior in office, or of any infamous crime, or on the address of both houses of the legislature.
Sec. 7. The judges shall by virtue of their office be conservators of the peace throughout the state. The style of all process shall be, "The Commonwealth of KENTUCKY," all prosecutions shall be carried on in the name and by the authority of the Commonwealth of Kentucky, and conclude against the peace and dignity of the same.
ARTICLE VI.
Sec. 1. SHERIFFS and Coroners, shall at the times and places of elections of representatives, be chosen by the citizens of each county, qualified to vote for representatives. They shall hold their offices for three years, if they shall so long be have themselves well, and until a successor be duly qualified; but no person shall be twice chosen or appointed Sheriff in any term of six years. Vacancies in either of the said offices, shall be filled by a new appointment to be made by the governor, to continue until the next general election, and until a successor shall be chosen and qualified as aforesaid.
Sec. 2. The free-men of this Commonwealth shall be armed and disciplined for its defence. Those who conscientiously scruple to bear arms, shall not be compelled to do so; but shall pay an equivalent for personal service.
Sec. 3. The field and staff officers of the militia shall be appointed by the governor except the battalion staff officers who shall be appointed by the field officers of each battalion respectively.
Sec. 4. The officers of companies shall be chosen by the persons enrolled in the list of each company, and the whole shall be commissioned during good behavior, and during their residence in the bounds of the battalion or company to which they shall be appointed.
Sec. 5. Each court shall appoint its own clerk, who shall hold his office during good behavior; but no person shall be appointed clerk, only pro tempore, who shall not produce to the court appointing him, a certificate from a majority of the judges of the court of Appeals, that he hath been examined by their clerk in their presence, and under their direction, and that they judge him to be well qualified to execute
the office of clerk to any court of the same dignity with that for which he offers himself. They shall be removable for breach of good behaviour, by the court of appeals only, who shall be judges of the fact as well as of the law. Two thirds of the members present must concur in the sentence.
Sec. 6. All commissions shall be in the name and by the authority of the state of Kentucky, and be sealed with the state seal, and signed by the governor.
Sec. 7. The state treasurer shall be appointed annually by the joint ballot of both houses.
ARTICLE VII.
Sec. 1. Members of the general Assembly, and all officers executive and judicial, before they enter upon the execution of their respective offices, shall take the following oath or affirmation. "I do solemnly swear (or affirm as the case may be) that I will be faithful and true to the commonwealth of Kentucky, so long as I continue a citizen thereof, and that I will faithfully execute to the best of my abilities the office of _____ according to law."
ARTICLE VIII.
Sec. 1. Treason against the commonwealth, shall consist only in levying war against it, or in adhering to its enemies, giving them aid and comfort. No person shall be convicted of treason, unless on the testimony of two witnesses to the same overt act, or on his own confession in open court.
Sec. 2. Laws shall be made to exclude from office and from suffrage, those who shall thereafter be convicted of bribery, perjury, forgery or other high crimes or misdemeanors. The privilege of free suffrage, shall be supported by laws regulating elections, and prohibiting under adequate penalties, all undue influence thereon from power, bribery, tumult or other improper practices.
Sec. 3. No money shall be drawn from the Treasury, but in consequence of appropriations made by law, nor shall any appropriations of money for the support of an army, be made for a longer term than one year, and a regular statement and account of the receipts and expenditures of all public money, shall be published annually.
Sec. 4. The legislature shall direct by law, in what manner and in what courts, suits may be brought against the commonwealth.
Sec. 5. The manner of administering an oath or affirmation, shall be such as is most consistent with the conscience of the deponent, and shall be esteemed by the legislature the most solemn appeal to God.
Sec. 6. All laws now in force in the State of Virginia, not inconsistent with this constitution, which are of a general nature, and not local to the eastern part of that state, shall be in force in this state, until they shall be altered or repealed by the legislature.
Sec. 7. The compact with the state of Virginia, subject to such alterations as may be made therein, agreeably to the mode prescribed by the said compact, shall be considered as a part of this constitution.
ARTICLE IX.
Sec. 1. The legislature, shall have no power to pass laws for the emancipation of slaves without the consent of their owners, or without paying their owners, previous to such emancipation, a full equivalent in money, for the slaves so emancipated. They shall have no power to prevent emigrants to this state, from bringing with them such persons as are deemed slaves by the laws of any one of the United States, so long as any person of the same age or description, shall be continued in slavery by the laws of this state. That they shall pass laws to permit the owners of slaves
to emancipate them, saving the rights of creditors, and preventing them from becoming a charge to the county in which they reside. They shall have full power to prevent slaves being brought into this state as merchandise. They shall have full power to prevent any slaves being brought into this state from a foreign country, and to prevent those from being brought into this state, who have been since the first day of January one thousand seven hundred and eighty-nine: or may hereafter be imported into any of the United States from a foreign country. And they shall have full power to pass such laws as may be necessary, to oblige the owners of slaves to treat them with humanity, to provide for them necessary cloathing and provision, to abstain from all injuries to them extending to life or limb, and in case of their neglect, or refusal to comply with the directions of such laws, to have such slave or slaves sold for the benefit of their owner or owners.
ARTICLE X.
Sec. 1. The place for the seat of government shall be fixed in the following manner.—The House of Representatives, shall, during their session, which shall be held in the year one thousand seven hundred and ninety-two, choose by ballot, twenty one persons, from whom the representation from Mercer and Fayette counties then present, shall alternately strike out one, until the number shall be reduced to five, who, or any three of them concurring in opinion, shall have power to fix on the place for the seat of government, to receive grants from individuals therefor, and to make such conditions with the proprietor or proprietors, of the land so pitched on by them, as to them shall seem right, and shall be agreed to by the said proprietor or proprietors; and lay off a town thereon, in such manner as they shall judge most proper.
Sec. 2. The general assembly and the supreme courts shall within five years, hold their sessions at the place so pitched upon by the said commissioners; and the seat of government so fixed, shall continue until it shall be changed by two thirds of both branches of the legislature. The commissioners, before they proceed to act, shall take an oath or make affirmation that they will discharge the trust reposed in them, in such manner, as in their judgment will be most beneficial to the state at large.
ARTICLE XI.
Sec. 1. That the citizens of this state, may have an opportunity to amend or change this constitution in a peaceable manner, if, to them it shall seem expedient; the persons qualified to vote for Representatives, shall, at the general election to be held in the year one thousand seven hundred and ninety-seven, vote also, by ballot, for or against a convention, as they shall severally choose to do; and if thereupon it shall appear that a majority of all the citizens in the state voting for Representatives, have voted for a convention, the general assembly shall direct that a similar ballot shall be taken the next year; and if thereupon, it shall also appear that a majority of all the citizens of the state, voting for representatives have voted for a convention, the general assembly shall at their next session, call a convention to consist of as many members as there shall be in the House of Representatives, to be chosen in the same manner, at the same places and at the same time that representatives are, by the citizens entitled to vote for representatives, and to meet within three months, after the said election, for the purpose of re-adopting, amending or changing this constitution. If it shall appear upon the ballot of either year, that a majority of the citizens voting for representatives is not in favor of a convention being called, it shall not be done until two thirds of both branches of the legislature shall deem it expedient.

ARTICLE XII.
That the general great and essential principles of liberty and free government may be recognized and established; WE DECLARE,
Sec. 1. That all men, when they form a social compact, are equal and that no man or set of men, are entitled to exclusive separate public emoluments or privileges from the community, but in consideration of public services.
Sec. 2. That all power is inherent in the people, and all free governments are founded on their authority and instituted for their peace, safety and happiness. For the advancement of these ends, they have at all times an unalienable and indefeasible right to alter, reform or abolish their government, in such manner as they may think proper.
Sec. 3. That all men have a natural and indefeasible right to worship Almighty GOD, according to the dictates of their own consciences; that no man can of right be compelled to attend, erect or support any place of worship, or to maintain any ministry against his consent; that no human authority can in any case whatever, control or interfere with the rights of conscience; and that no preference shall ever be given by law, to any religious societies or modes of worship.
Sec. 4. That the civil rights, privileges or capacities of any citizen shall in no wise be diminished or enlarged on account of his religion.
Sec. 5. That all elections shall be free and equal.
Sec. 6. That trial by jury shall be as heretofore, and the right thereof remain inviolate.
Sec. 7. That printing presses shall be free to every person who undertakes to examine the proceedings of the legislature or any branch of government; and no law shall ever be made to restrain the right thereof. The free communication of thoughts and opinions is one of the invaluable rights of man, and every citizen may freely speak, write and print on any subject, being responsible for the abuse of that liberty.
Sec. 8. In prosecutions for the publication of papers, investigating the official conduct of officers or men in a public capacity, or where the matter published is proper for public information, the truth thereof may be given in evidence. And in all indictments for libels, the jury shall have a right to determine the law and the facts, under the direction of the court as in other cases.
Sec. 9. That the people shall be secure in their persons, houses, papers and possessions, from unreasonable seizures and searches; and that no warrant to search any place or to seize any persons or things, shall issue without describing them as nearly as may be, nor without probable cause supported by oath or affirmation.
Sec. 10. That in all criminal prosecutions, the accused hath a right to be heard by himself and his counsel: to demand the nature and cause of the accusation against him, to meet the witnesses face to face, to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favour: and in prosecutions by indictment or information, a speedy public trial by an impartial jury of the vicinage; that he cannot be compelled to give evidence against himself, nor can he be deprived of his life, liberty or property, unless by the judgment of his peers, or the law of the land.
Sec. 11. That no person shall for any indictable offence be proceeded against criminally by information; except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the militia when in actual service, in time of war or public danger, or by leave of the court for oppression or misdemeanor in office.
Sec. 12. No person shall, for the same offence be twice put in jeopardy of his life or limb, nor shall any man's property be taken or applied to public use without the consent of his representatives, and without just compensation being previously made to him.
Sec. 13. That all courts shall be open, and every person for an injury done him in his lands, goods, person or reputation, shall have remedy by the due course of law; and right and justice administered, without sale, denial or delay.
Sec. 14. That no power of suspending laws shall be exercised, unless by the legislature or its authority.
Sec. 15. That excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel punishments inflicted.
Sec. 16. That all prisoners shall be bailable by sufficient sureties, unless for capital offences when the proof is evident or presumption great; and the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus, shall not be suspended unless when in cases of rebellion or invasion, the public safety may require it.
Sec. 17. That the person of a debtor where there is not strong presumption of fraud, shall not be continued in prison after delivering up his estate for the benefit of his creditors, in such manner as shall be prescribed by law.
Sec. 18. That no ex post facto law, nor any law impairing contracts shall be made.
Sec. 19. That no person shall be attainted of treason or felony by the legislature.
Sec. 20. That no attainder shall work corruption of blood, nor, except during the life of the offender, forfeiture of estate to the Commonwealth.
Sec. 21. That estates of such persons as shall destroy their own lives, shall descend or vest as in case of natural death, and if any person shall be killed by casualty, there shall be no forfeiture by reason thereof.
Sec. 22. That the citizens have a right in a peaceable manner, to assemble together for their common good, and to apply to those invested with the powers of government for redress of grievances or other proper purposes by petition, address or remonstrance.
Sec. 23. That the rights of the citizens to
bear arms in defence of themselves and the state shall not be questioned.
Sec. 24. That no standing army shall in time of peace, be kept up without the consent of the legislature, and the military shall in all cases and at all times be in strict subordination to the civil power.
Sec. 25. That no soldier shall in time of peace, be quartered in any house, without the consent of the owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law.
Sec. 26. That the legislature shall not grant any title of nobility or hereditary distinction, nor create any office the appointment to which shall be for a longer term than during good behaviour.
Sec. 27. That emigration from the state shall not be prohibited.
Sec. 28. To guard against transgressions of the high powers which we have delegated, WE DECLARE, that every thing in this article is excepted out of the general powers of government, and shall forever remain inviolate; and that all laws contrary thereto or contrary to this constitution shall be void.
S C H E D U L E
That no inconvenience may arise from the establishing the government of this state, and in order to carry the same into complete operation, it is hereby declared and ordained,
Sec. 1. THAT all rights, actions, prosecutions, claims and contracts, as well of individuals as of bodies corporate, shall continue as if the said government had not been established.
Sec. 2. That all officers civil and military now in commission under the state of Virginia, shall continue to hold and exercise their offices until the 10th day of August next and no longer.
Sec. 3. That until the first enumeration shall be made as directed by the sixth section of the first article of this constitution, the county of Jefferson, shall be entitled to elect three representatives; the county of Lincoln four representatives; the county of Fayette nine representatives; the county of Nelson six representatives; the county of Mercer four representatives; the county of Madison three representatives; the county of Bourbon, five representatives; the county of Woodford, four representatives; and the county of Mason, two representatives.
Sec. 4. The General Assembly shall meet at Lexington on the 4th day of June next.
Sec. 5. All returns herein directed to be made to the Secretary, shall, previous to his appointment, be made to the clerk of the supreme court for the district of Kentucky.
Sec. 6. Until a Seal shall be procured for the state, the governor shall be at liberty to use his private seal.
Sec. 7. The oaths of office herein directed to be taken, may be administered by any Justice of the Peace, until the legislature shall otherwise direct.
Sec. 8. All bonds given by any officer within the district of Kentucky, payable to the Governor of Virginia, may be prosecuted in the name of the Governor of Kentucky.
Sec. 9. All offences against the laws of Virginia, which have been committed within the present district of Kentucky, or which may be committed within the same before the first day of June next, shall be cognizable in the courts of this state in the same manner that they would be, if they were committed within this state, after the said first day of June.
Sec. 10. At the elections herein directed to be held in May next, the sheriff of each county, or in case of his absence, one of his deputies shall preside, and if they neglect or refuse to act, the said elections shall be held by any one of the justices of the peace for the county where such refusal or neglect shall happen; each officer holding such election having first taken an oath before a justice of the peace to conduct the said election with impartiality, shall have power to administer to any person offering to vote at such election, the following oath or affirmation "I do swear (or affirm) that I am qualified to vote for representatives in the county of _____ agreeably to the constitution formed for the state of Kentucky," and such officer shall have a right to refuse to receive the vote of any person who shall refuse to take the said oath or make affirmation when tendered to him. And the said elections shall be held at the several places appointed for holding courts in the different counties.
Sec. 11. The government of the commonwealth of Kentucky, shall commence on the first day of June next.
DONE in convention, at Danville, the nineteenth day of April, one thousand seven hundred and ninety two, and of the independence of the United States of America, the sixteenth.
BY ORDER OF THE CONVENTION. SAMUEL M'DOWELL, P. C. Attest. THOMAS TODD, C. C.
*** The publication of this paper on Mondays and Thursdays, has been attended with several unexpected inconveniences. The Editor therefore, proposes to change his days of publication to Wednesdays and Saturdays, so that our next paper [Numb. 71] will not appear till Wednesday July 4th.
DUBLIN April 30.
The following is an extract from Mr. Tandy's letter to his fellow citizens.
"In the month of February last a member of the House of commons did, in that house, take very unwarrantable liberties with my name. I thought it a duty I owed myself to enquire if they were meant as personal insult. The enquiry was answered, (or avoided,) by a complaint of breach of privilege, which produced a warrant to drag me before the House—The messenger to whom it was directed, reported, that I had escaped the execution of it—and the dignity of the people's representatives becomes degraded, and the laws most indecently insulted by presenting an address to the viceroy for issuing a proclamation to apprehend me, without taking the examination or oath of a single person whereon to found the proceeding. The conduct of the Representative of Majesty, and his privy council in the ridiculous gasonade of their proclamation is distinguished by equal good sense and temper, and with equal regard to the legal forms required by the constitution; for upon no better evidences are justices and constables, and captains of ships enjoined to apprehend and secure me; and when I come to be arrested under this fictitious representative of legal process, such is its folly, that even a police magistrate hesitates to give it force and validity:
The creatures of power and corruption fly, and are afraid or ashamed to support their creators! the proclamation having thus lost its sting, the warrant of the commons is again tried, and under its authority I am dragged to their bar, and from thence by their order to Newgate.
Having given this brief statement, it is only necessary to add a few observations:
It appears, that among the rights comprehended in the privilege of free debate in the Irish House of Commons, is that of unrestrained Billinggate against every citizen who opposes or exposes, the profligacy of a corrupt court.—The dignity of parliamentary proceeding, and the correct delicacy of senatorial language, are deserted by administration for puerile petulance, the low abuse of an illiterate debating society. The citizen who dares to think or speak, must be run down "as bankrupt in character and fortune," and then perhaps his person becomes the butt of the meanness of unmanly ridicule.—This is, surely a noble and generous privilege to exercise! yet woe to him who has spirit to resist or resist it!—Administration holding the majority of Parliament by the beard through corruption, become at once his judges and persecutors; and then warrants, sergeant at arms, and proclamations, hunt him to the very sea ports of the Island.
Every man acquainted with parliamentary history knows that the privileges of the commons were originally permitted and exercised, in opposition to the crown, for the benefit and protection of the people, when they had Representatives of their own particular choice; but now, unrestrained privilege and undefined prerogative are alike hurled with vengeance against the people, who, instead of being every thing, are—nothing.
These observations describe and account for the conduct of administration.—In respect to myself, if I had submitted to their usurped authority, in February last, I must have gratified the malignity of their malice, in long and aggravated confinement with much personal inconvenience; whereas the occurrences of this week afford ample matter for beginning the important questions involved in them, with all the necessary force and effect, before the proper legal tribunal, whilst their passions are but half satiated, and your rights have not been in any degree abandoned by your fellow citizens."
* Alluding to several abusive ballads against Mr. Tandy, one of which begins thus:
"Is this the man we held in awe, Who look'd a fright!—whose nod was law!" And another thus: 'AS Napper sat rueful alone Debating twixt patience and strife, His face in convulsions was thrown And he long'd to get rid of this life: For fighting no stomach he had, (Sad reproach to a volunteer chief) And killing himself he thought bad, And a damnable way of relief," &c.
TEN POUNDS REWARD.
BROKE goal at Monmouth court-house on Sunday evening, the 10th inst. a Negro Man, named SAM, sometimes calls himself George; is of a yellow complexion, high cheek bones, large white eyes, and impudent look; said negro is about five feet ten inches high, had on and took with him when he went away, a fleecing shirt and trowsers, oznabrigs frock, and an old felt hat. Whoever will deliver said runaway to his master, or lodge him in any goal, so that his master may have him again, shall be entitled to the above reward to be paid by me.
ELISHA JEWELL. Freehold, Monmouth county, June 22, 1792. I. A. W. 41
*** Three handsome Editions of the Laws of the United States for sale at this office (No 209 Market Street) in folio and Octavo, either full or half bound.—N.B. The Laws of the last Session, in Octavo only, may be had separate, price three-eighths of a dollar.
PHILADELPHIA.
JUNE 28, 1792.
A few days since arrived at Wilmington from Belfast, in Ireland, a ship with upwards of four hundred passengers, who have come to settle in the United States.
The English have lately re-inforced their strength at Jamaica with several additional ships of war on that station, as well as ships from England. Two regiments are also ordered there from Halifax. This seems to have given the French at Hispaniola many uneasy apprehensions, supposing themselves, in their present weak state to be the probable object of attack. In consequence of these preparations the governor of French Hispaniola has given orders to put the sea coast in the best state of defence possible; and a line of signals are established quite down from the Cape to Nicola Mole. Orders are said to have been received in Jamaica from England not to supply the French at St. Domingo with provisions of any kind.
The people of Savanna, in Georgia were lately much duped by an impostor who had advertised to exhibit many extraordinary feats of activity. After waiting an hour and an half for the rising of the curtain, the audience had the mortification to find the wonder-monger and his associates, his dancing horse, his speaking pigs, his whistling pigeons, &c. &c. all fled with a very considerable sum of money that he had collected from the unsuspecting citizens.
The following paragraph, copied from an Irish paper, affords the clearest information we have yet seen about the arrest of Mr. Tandy.—It appears he never submitted to any process until a judiciary one issued:
"On Saturday last, 21st April, a warrant was issued from the court of king's bench, for apprehending James Napper Tandy, Esq. information on oath having been given before the honorable justice Hewit, that Mr. Tandy had written letter to Mr. Toler, with intention of promoting a duel, and committing a breach of the peace; and on Monday Mr. Tandy waited on Mr. Justice Hewit, accompanied by Hugh Crothers and Henry Jackson esquires, to give bail; and were bound in one recognizance in the penalty of 200l that Mr. Tandy should attend the court of king's bench from day to day, to answer such charges as may be brought against him; and also in another recognizance of the same penalty, that Mr. Tandy should keep the peace with all his majesty's subjects, and in particular with John Toler, Esq. The case of Mr. Tandy, as we understand he intends to bring some late transactions relative to himself before the tribunal of the courts of law, will materially interest the public attention, both as involving a question as to the extent of parliamentary privileges, and as to the security of the subject from undefined, and therefore unknown authority: however moderate the exercise of power, it must always be desirable to have its boundaries ascertained; and however temperate the authoritative claims of any branch of the legislature, it must ever be eligible to have them defined."
We are further informed by a gentleman who was in Dublin during the whole of these transactions, that the words used by Toler (who in private professions to be a friend of Mr. Tandy's, but in the house of commons made use of this unwarrentable and probably false expression) were,—"that he was bankrupt both in character and fortune."—Mr. Tandy, in consequence demanded an explanation, and said if it was refused he would have recourse to the public papers; in other words, that he would publish Toler as a coward.—The wretched servant of the crown took shelter under his privilege, and engaged the whole parliament to resent his pitiful case. The sergeant at arms was dispatched to arrest Mr. Tandy, but he would not gratify the childish malice of the house, to submit to their officer—and when the silly tool and representative of majesty was so ridiculous to issue a proclamation to apprehend Mr. Tandy, and when he attended at several of the city magistrates, in consequence of the ignorant proclamation, none of those city magistrates, nay, not even the castle-hacks amongst them, would take their mock-majesties' proclamation for a sufficient authority to commit Mr. Tandy—so that he was not committed until a warrant issued from the king's bench—and he was only one night in prison, to which place he was attended by upwards of 6000 citizens, who were joined by many thousands in the evening, and, had it not been for the solicitations of Mr. Tandy and his son, there would have been a most dreadful scene of bloodshed, for the citizens were well inclined to destroy the prison that night and every house belonging to the government junto.—The moderation and good sense of Tandy prevented this dreadful catastrophe; and we learn that it is expected he will be able to humble those members of the house of commons who had forgot that they were the servants of the people, and have long been assuming a sort of property

in the very suffrages of their unhappy and distressed countrymen.
The gentleman who favored us with the above particulars, has given it as his unprejudiced opinion that a complete revolution, in favor of the liberties of the people, will take place in Ireland in less than two years.
The effects which have been generated within so short a time, in the members of the national government of the United States, by the management of a great public debt, is an irresistible demonstration of the baneful influence of public debts on public virtue: and it may be numbered among the many striking indications of the penetrating mind of our chief magistrate, that in the midst of the fashionable fallacies on that subject, his speeches to Congress have uniformly recommended and pressed a vigorous attention to the means of ridding his country of so great an evil.
It is a hopeful sign of political reformation, when the known abettors of hereditary government and orders of nobility are represented by their humble servants in the public papers, as having undergone a conversion to the true principles of the revolution and republicanism. The world, (the American world, at least) has been much deceived, if there has not been in several instances a deviation from certain principles, a semblance of which were necessary in dark hours for purposes not difficult to be guessed at.—If the conversion of such characters be sincere (which shall be judged by their works) confusion be to the man that shall pen a line against them in future!
No sooner had the news arrived at Kingston (state of New-York) that Mr. Clinton was re-elected governor by a majority of 108, after the rejection of the returns from Otsego, than the inhabitants met, and went in procession to Bogardus's tavern, where a number of toasts were drunk under the discharge of cannon.—Among the toasts, and first in order, were, John Jay, governor, by the voice of the people; and, Stephen Van Rensselaer, lieut. gov. by the voice of the people. —It was asserted, at this meeting, that the ballots from Otsego alone would have carried Mr. Jay's election by a majority of 300.
Accounts from Jamaica say, that about three score iron and steel bedsteads have been imported into their capital (Kingston) for the use of the invalid hospital.—They were fabricated, it is said, at the Charrom (possibly they mean Charon ) foundry, and are thought to be a vast improvement both for convenience and economy. It is further said, "they harbour neither bugs nor vermin, & will last forever." [ Quere , whether it is not better to endure the nibblings of a few bugs, &c. and to sleep on a bedstead that will not last forever, than to run the immediate risque of being killed with lightning, to which a person is almost daily exposed, at Kingston, who reclines on such bedsteads?—If it be meant as the means of ridding the nation of the charge of invalids, not Esculapius himself could have recommended a much surer method, especially during the months of August and September.]
The citizens of Charleston, at a late meeting of the inhabitants, passed a number of resolves, to adopt effectual measures to prevent in future a practice that has long prevailed in the northern states, "of shipping off to South-Carolina those of their slaves condemned for crimes, and otherwise guilty of offences."
A subscription is going on in Virginia, for opening the navigation of Quantico creek (a branch of the Potowmack) as far up as to the town of Dumfries.
The Norwich (Connecticut) Gazette makes mention of snow squalls to the eastward of that place on or about the middle of June, instant. It may be recollected the weather was extremely cold in this city about the same time, the thermometer having stood not many degrees above freezing.
About the middle of April a white man and his son were killed by Indians, on the Georgia frontier, who were discovered to be three in number. No alarm seems to have taken place in consequence thereof among the settlers. Gen. McGillivray was expected down in a short time to Rock-Landing; and at the above date, about one hundred Indians were in the neighbourhood of that place, "all of whom seemed perfectly disposed for peace."
The constitution of Kentucky was finally ratified by the convention at Danville on the 26th of April, 1792. The first legislature was to meet at Lexington on the 4th inst. Isaac Shelby Esq. is elected governor.
A Bank is established at Salem, Massachusetts, known by the name of the Essex Bank, with a President, six directors, and a Cashier.—they assure the public that speculation, that bane of industry and integrity, is no part of the system on which this bank is instituted.
The terms stipulated by the government of Great Britain, for stationing troops in the island of Jamaica, is on the following terms, viz. that the island should be responsible for the established regular pay of the troops, besides the island pay.—The inhabitants have passed resolutions,
purporting that the government has taken an ungenerous advantage of these alarms which the insurrections in St. Domingo has necessarily occasioned, &c.
On Monday last arrived at New-York the British packet Chesterfield , in 49 days from Falmouth,—London papers are received by her to the 4th of May, which contain very little in addition to former accounts; the most material intelligence is as follows:
That the reigning duke of Brunswick, destined to command the army of the empire on the Rhine, has been assassinated. The three grand armies of France were in motion, but had not yet committed any act of hostility.—That France had proposed a truce for ten days with Hungary.—That the English ministry were determined not to interfere in the war on the continent if they could possibly avoid it.—Troops to the number of 4000 were to march to Dunkirk to reinforce the garrison there.—An attack from the French on Ostend was expected, being in an indefensible state.—A motion had been made in the national assembly to transport all the non-juring priests out of the kingdom—3000 Prussian engineers with 14,000 infantry, and six regiments of cavalry were in motion, to defend the Prussian frontiers—the elector of Bavaria had put his army on the war establishment, and all his regiments had received orders for marching.
We are told in a paper of yesterday, that "great pains were taken to ascertain the lowest rate of postage, which would be competent to defraying the expence" of the carriage of newspapers. Circumstances however would lead us to suspect, that the proper enquiries were not made, till a  ter the law was passed: for a majority of that House, in which the bill originated, have since acknowledged in fact that they had acted wrong in rating the postage so high; and before the close of the session, they endeavored to correct their former error, by passing in due form a new bill, to reduce the rate one half. After this unequivocal declaration of the sentiments of a Majority of the representatives of the people, would not a man be justifiable, in saying, that the present rates of Newspaper postage are sanctioned only by the authority of the Senate, who, by rejecting the new bill, sent to them from the other house prevented the representatives and the President from reducing the rates, in consequence of the enquiries that were made with so much "pains" and diligence?
From the Knoxville Gazette May 5
On the 5th of April, as a Cherokee, with four squaws, was passing peaceably, near the house of James Hubbard, on French Broad, he had two guns discharged at him. One ball grazed his cheek; the other passed through his side, giving him a slight wound. This Hubbard is one of those people who went down the Tennessee last spring to attempt a settlement on the Muscle Shoals; and there are strong reasons to suspect that the guns were fired by his two sons, minors who live with him. By the Indians he is called the Fool Warrior, from the similarity of his character to that of an Indian fellow, thus distinguished by his killing people in time of peace, and declining such acts in time of war. Lest it should be supposed, by such as are unacquainted with the frontier settlers, that such conduct meets their approbation, it is thought necessary to observe, that it is by them generally held in abhorrence. They are perfectly pleased with the late treaty of Holston, and are determined to preserve it inviolate on their part, firmly relying that, in so doing, they will ever receive the support and protection of government.
On the fifth day of April last, a party of Indians, supposed to be Cherokees, stole a number of horses from Cox's station, and the neighbourhood thereof, in Powell's valley, Virginia.—They took the Kentucky trace, thro' Cumberland mountain to Yellow Creek, to which place they were followed by two men, who returned without overtaking them. Col. Cox then set out with a party of men down Powell's valley to a gap in Cumberland mountain, where he was persuaded they must pass in recrossing the mountain to reach their towns, if Cherokees. On his way down, about 2 o'clock in the morning of the 6th, near the Indian old towns, and the land known by Henderfon's survey, he fell in with an Indian camp, which he fired on, and killed a Cherokee chief, called Hoolaqah; or, the Big Acorn, and wounded two others, who made their escape.—Among the articles found in their camp were a number of halters, some childrens apparel, and some cotton in quills.
The Kentucky Gazette, of the 12th of May, contains the following information, viz. A prisoner that was taken by the Indians the week before last, has made his escape. He informs that he was taken by fifteen Indians, and kept several days in the settlement, during which time the Indians obliged him to call families out of their houses, while they lay in ambush, to murder them whenever they should appear; happily it had not the intended effect—part of the Indians were Delawares and the balance Shawanese—they told him they did not intend taking prisoners, except ne-
groes, which they could sell at Detroit for two kegs of taffey, and wished him to conduct them to where they could get negroes; but informed them he knew of no place where there were negroes, but what was also strongly defended with white men—they informed him that a number of their men were encamped near the Ohio, on the other side: When they got near the Ohio they shewed signs of fear, left the Kentuckians, had gone forward to the Ohio to intercept them, and stop a few miles on this side to wait till night and cross before day—in the course of the night whilst the Indians were asleep, he loosed himself, by chewing the cords with which he was bound and which were made of raw leather, and made his escape.
MANOR BILL.
An Attempt is making in Ireland to establish Manor-Laws, for the benefit of the poor, and for the more convenient judging of petty suits at law. At present, in that country, upon ever so small a suit, the plaintiff is obliged to go to the assizes court.—The object of the bill is, that all suits under 40s. shall be tried within the manor.—The observations of the Archbishop of Cashel on this occasion afford a striking view of the difficulties a poor fellow labourer under on these occasions,
"I will suppose (says he) that a sum of five shillings is disputed for by two neighbours. It becomes necessary to resort to a distant town where the assizes are held, to settle the dispute as to the property of the five shillings: there are several days spent in preparations for the journey.—The suitor, after the loss of a week's time in preparing for and performing the journey, arrives in the assize town, where he finds (after long and difficult search) an honest attorney, who, notwithstanding his integrity, knows full well the value or his time—and the suitor is obliged to pay him certain six and eight pences for his trouble. The attorney, who at first saw a very clear case, now discovers some little difficulty; which, to overcome, it is necessary to have the aid of a lawyer; and, fortunately for the client, the attorney can recommend him to a very honest and able gentleman in that profession; two guineas are, however, an indispensable passport to his acquaintance. Every previous step to a trial is at length taken—when the judge, happening to have a prodigious deal of heavy business on hand, is obliged to lay aside suits of less weight, among which is that of the suitor in question, who after a loss of many days, and six or seven pounds, returns home to wait for six months more, when, perhaps, the same occurrence again involves the same expences, with the same success."
On his return he meets a friend, and they repair to a whiskey shop; there the constitution of Ireland is the subject of discourse; and its perfection, no doubt, the theme of his friend's praise: in its commendation however our suitor is not willing to join. I don't (says he) pretend to judge of the theory of the constitution, but as to the executive part of it, I declare I have no cause to celebrate it, and I'll tell you a story to justify my assertion. " He accordingly relates his calamitous attempt to recover five shillings!—Now, my lords, were the cause to be decided in a manor court the sole expence incurred would not exceed five shillings and eleven pence half penny!
On the present state of the poor in England.
VERY few poor labourers, &c. can now spare so much money from their scanty weekly earnings, as to buy a little malt; consequently their general liquor, in their families, is water; or, if nature sometimes craves and is indulged with something stronger, by such as labour hard, it is purchased at a dear rate from or at public houses. It was formerly the common custom of the wives of labourers and artificers to purchase on market days, two or three gallons of malt, which would perhaps brew tolerable good table beer for the week; but the increased duty, and the advanced price of barley, now generally render this impracticable. Here it may be acknowledged, that there is too much occasion for a remark, that notwithstanding their poverty, many of the labourers, &c. spend much of their time and money in public houses; but admitting that "the wicked will do wickedly," and add, "drunkennness to their thirst," of strong liquors, although their families may be in a starving condition; is that a reason against the wants and miseries of the industrious virtuous poor being deeply pondered, and every proper rational effort made to alleviate their distresses! The labouring man who now wants a mug of malt liquor, has this excuse for going to drink it in a public-house, 'I cannot afford to keep it for my family, and if I drink it at home it is very painful to me to withhold a share of it from my wife,' &c. and thus perhaps many more are introduced to sitting in public houses, and become more habituated to drinking, than would be the case, could they have beer of a middling strength in their own. But to return to my subject.
Except in counties where it is very poor, and therefore sold at a low price, cheese can now scarcely be tasted by the poor, although it was a principle article of their food within the time I have mentioned.
At this period, wheat was from three shillings to three shillings and six pence; barley, eighteen pence to two and twenty, some lower than either; malt, two shillings and six pence. I have known good new milk cheese bought from 12 to 14s. per cwt. and it was commonly sold in the hucksters shops for seven farthings or two pence per lb.; now it is more than double, and some sorts more than treble that price, retail. Butchers meat upon an average, is nearly, (if not quite) double its former price; the poor may look at it and sigh for it in the markets, but very little of it must fall to the share of many of them. I know what I say, when I assert, that unless it be given them, some , and I fear many , do not taste a morsel of butcher's meat for many months; yet these are the poor of rich England! In what other nation shall we find more miserable?
If the poor are considered as the feet of a nation, supporting its weight, every wise government will attend minutely to their ease and support, consistently with the state wherein providence has placed them; and, while by salutary laws, well executed, it restrains them from, or punishes them for, vice in its varied forms, will endeavour also to supply their own wants. In whatever state this sound policy is wanting, it must be allowed to be also deficient in wisdom and humanity, as well as in christianity. This unexpected remark naturally leads to some others which I am about to make, respecting the causes of the high prices of provisions, and I wish it may make way for their cordial reception.
+ Perhaps it would not be amiss to consider whether the present high duty on malt for home use, be not both oppressive and impolitic. Oppressive it certainly is to throw so heavy a tax on the shoulders of the labouring poor; and it seems equally impolitic to adopt any system of finance which tends in its operation, as this unquestionably does, to decrease the quantity of labour, or driving the men to the ale house, and of course to lessen the export of our own manufactures.
The following is the celebrated FRENCH REVOLUTION SONG, WITH A TRANSLATION.
CA IRA.
AH! ca ira, ca ira, ca ira, Le peuple, en ce jour sans cesse repet' ah! Ah! ca ira, ca ira, ca ira, Malgre mutins tout reussira. Nos ennemis confus en res-tent la Et nous all-ons chanter Al-le-lu-iah, Ah! ca ira, ca ira, ca ira, Quand Boileau jadis du clergé, par la, Comme un prophete il a predit ce la, En chantant ma chan-sonnet avec plaisir on dira, Ah! ca ira, ca ira, ca ira, Malgre mutins tout-reu-si-ra Ah! ca ira, ca ira, ca ira.
TRANSLATION.
Ah! this will do, this will do, this will do! The people shall for e'er repeat, Ah! 'twill do, 'twill do, 'twill do, In spite of traitors we'll succeed. Our enemies, confus'd shall stand, Whist Hallelujah chants our band, Ah! 'twill do, 'twill do, 'twill do! In days of yore so sung Boileau, His prophecies of Gallic church, With pleasure shall my strain repeat, Ah! 'twill do, 'twill do, 'twill do. In spite of traitors we'll succeed!
NEW-YORK & PHILADELPHIA STAGES, Via Bordentown & Burlington, And SHREWSBURY & PHILADELPHIA STAGE, Via Bordentown.
THE proprietors of the New-York & Philadelphia land and water Stages beg leave to mention, that for the better accommodation of passengers, they have thought proper to remove the different packet boats from their former stand at the Crooked Billet wharf, to the wharf or dock immediately next below Arch-Street, from whence, on the first day of July next, and afterwards, a convenient packet-boat will start for New-York, as usual, on every Sunday, Tuesday, Wednesday and Thursday, and return on every Tuesday, Thursday, Friday and Saturday. The passage to be made either by the way of Bordentown or Burlington, each place to be taken alternately. Fare for Passengers from Philadelphia to New-York 15s.—For Goods pr cwt. 6s.
VAN EMBURGH & M'KEAN, DAVID WILLIAMSON,
Proprietors of the line of New-York and Philadelphia Stages, by the route of Bordentown. JACOB MYERS, AMOS HUTCHIN, NICHOLAS SCHENK,
Proprietors of the line of N. York and Philadelphia Stages, by the route of Burlington. The Shrewsbury Stage will leave Philadelphia in the months of July and September, on every Sunday and Wednesday, and return on every Tuesday and Friday. In the month of August, it will leave Philadelphia on every Sunday and Thursday, and return on every Tuesday and Saturday.
VAN EMBURGH & M'KEAN, DANIEL LOT,
Proprietors of the Shrewsbury and Philad. Stage. Bordentown, June 25, 1792.
For freight or passage apply to the masters on board, or to M'KEAN & V. EMBURGH, at their stores on said wharf, immediately next below Arch-street.
Philadelphia, June 27. For freight or passage to Lambert or Trenton, also apply as above.

THE VILLAGE MERCHANT.
[Continued from No. 66.]
WELL—strange it is that fools will still ap- ply Things to themselves, that authors never meant; Each country shop-man asks me, "Is it I On whom your rhiming ridicule is spent? Friends, hold your tongues—Such myriads of your race Adorn Columbia's fertile, favour'd climes A man might rove seven years from place to place Ere he would find the subject of my rhymes-- Perhaps in Georgia is this creature known, Perhaps Rhode-Island claims him for her own: And if from fancy's world this wight I drew, What is the imagin'd character to you?
NOW, from all parts the rural people ran With ready cash to buy what might be bought; One went to chuse a pot, and one a pan, And they that had no cash their produce brought, A hog, a calf, safe halter'd by the neck, Potatoes (Ireland's glory) many a peck; Bacon and cheese, of real value more Than India's gems, or all Potof's ore.
Some questions ask'd, the folks began to stare-- No foul wou'd purchase pipe, nor pot, nor pan; Each shook his head--hung back--your goods so dear!
In fact (said they) the devil's in the man" "Rum ne'er shall meet my lips (said honest Sam) "In shape of toddy, punch, grog, sling, or dam," "No cash of mine you'll get (said pouting Kate) "While gauze is valued at so dear a rate."
Thus things dragg'd on for many a tedious day, No custom came, and nought but discontent Gloom'd through the shop--"Well let them have their way, (The merchant said) I'll sell at cent per cent; By which 'tis plain I scarce myself shall save, For cent per cent is just the price I gave."
"Ay," said the Squire, who still had kept his pence) "Now, fir, you reason like a man of sense! "Custom will now from every quarter come; "In ceaseless streams shall flow the inspiring rum, "Till every foul in pleasing dreams is sunk--" "And even our Socrates--himself--is drunk!"
Soon were the shelves disburthen'd of their load; In three short hours the kegs of wine ran dry-- Swift from its source even dull molasses flow'd-- Each saw the rum-cask wasting with a sigh:-- "Here lies a worthy corpse (Sangrado said) "Its debt to drunkards now, no doubt, is paid--" "Well--'twas a vile disease that kill'd, it sure; "A quick consumption, that no art could cure! "Thus shall we all, when life's vain dream is out, "Be lodg'd in corners dark, or kick'd about! "Time is the tapster of our race below, "That turns the key, and bids the juices flow--" "Quitting books, henceforth be mine the task
"To moralize upon this empty cask--" "Thank heaven, we've had the taste--so far 'twas well--" "And still, thro' mercy, may enjoy the smell!"
[Cætera desunt.]
On the probability of the MOON being inhabited.
A Mulberry leaf is a little world, inhabited frequently by a multitude of invisible worms, which to them is a country of vast extent. What mountains, what abysses there are in it! the insects on one side of this leaf know no more of their fellow creatures on the other, than you and I can tell what they are now doing at the Anti- podes: Does it not appear reasonable, therefore, that this great planet, the moon, should be inha- bited? In the hardest stones, (in marble for in- stance) there are an infinity of worms which fill up the vacuums, and feed upon the substance of the stone; fancy, then, millions of living crea- tures to subsist many years on a grain of sand; so that were the moon but one continued rock, I would fooner allow her to be gnawed by these invisible mites, than not to be inhabited. In short, every thing is animated; imagine then those animals which are yet undiscovered, and add them and these which are but lately disco- vered, to what we have always seen, and you will find the earth swarm with inhabitants, and that nature has so liberally furnished it with ani- mals, that she is not at all concerned for our not seeing above one half or them: Why then should nature, which is fruitful to an excess here, be so very sterile in the moon and other planets as, in the opinion of some, to produce no living things in them?
All human faces, in general, are of the same model; and yet the Europeans and Africans have two particular moulds; nay, commonly, every family has a different aspect; what secret then has nature to shew so much variety in the single face? Our world, in respect of the uni- verse, is but a little family, wherein every face has some resemblance to each other; in another planet is another family, whose faces have a dif- ferent air and make: the difference, too, en- creases with the distance, for whosoever should see an inhabitant of the moon and an inhabitant of the earth would soon perceive they were nearer neighbours than one of the earth, and one of Sa- turn: here, for example, we have the use of voice; in another world they speak by signs; and at a greater distance they do not, perhaps, speak at all; here our reason is formed by ex- perience; in the next world experience contri- butes but little towards reason; add in the next to that, old men know no more than children. Here we are troubled more with what is to come, than with what is past. In the next world they are more troubled for what is past than what is to come; and farther off they are not concerned with either, which by the bye, I think is much the better: here, it is thought, we want a sixth sense, that would teach us many things, of which we are now ignorant; this sixth sense is appa- rently in another world, where they want one of the five which we enjoy; nay, perhaps, there is a much greater number of senses, but in the par-
tion we have made of them with the inhabi- tants of the other planets, there are but five fall- en to our share, with which we are well content- ed, for want of being acquainted with the rest: Our sciences have bounds which the wit of man could never pass; there is a point where they fail us on a sudden; the rest is reserved for other worlds, where somewhat which we know is un- known to them. This planet (the earth) enjoys the pleasures of love, but lies desolate in several places by the fury of war; in another planet they enjoy perpetual peace, yet in the midst of that peace, know not any thing of love, and time lies heavy on their hands. In a word, that which nature practises here in little, in distributing her gifts among mankind, she does at large in other worlds, where she makes use of that admirable secret she has to diversify all things, and at the same time makes them equal, by compensating for the inequality. [Fontenelle.]
ON THE AGE OF MAN.
WHEN the constitution of the body is found, it is possible perhaps, by moderation in the pas- sions, temperance and sobriety, to lengthen out the period of life for a few years. But even of this there seems to be an uncertainty; for, if it is necessary that the body should employ its whole strength, that it should consume whatever it is capable of consuming, that it should undergo every possible exercise, whence could any benefit accrue from regimen and from abstinence? Men no doubt there are who have surpassed the usual period of human existence, as an apple will now and then be found hanging on a tree the latter end of November, long after the others are dis- appeared and rotten. Not to mention Parr, the Englishman, who liv'd to the age of one hun- dred and forty four, and Jenkins, to that of one hundred and sixty-five, as recorded in the philo- sophical transactions; we have many instances of the prolongation of life to one hundred and ten, and even to one hundred and twenty years. Yet this longevity was occasioned by no peculiar art or management. On the contrary, it ap- pears, that the generality of such long livers were peasants accustomed to the greatest fatigues; huntsmen, or labourers; men, in fact, who had employed their whole bodily strength, and even abused it, if to abuse it is possible, otherwise than by continual idleness and debauchery.
If in the duration of life there is any difference to be found, it ought seemingly to be ascribed to the quality of the air. In elevated situations, it has been observed, there are commonly found more old people than in such as are low. In general, however, the period of human existence may be said to be the same in every country. If not cut off by accidental diseases, mankind [in Europe] is found to live to the years of ninety or an hun- dred. Beyond that age the race of man has in general never lived.
From a careful inspection of the Registers of burials in a certain number of country parishes in France, compared with the mortality of Paris, the following table has been made out, of the pro- bable duration of human life.
 Y. Y. M. Y. Y. M. Y. Y. M.  0 8. 0 29 28. 6 58 12. 3  1 33. 0 30 28. 0 59 11. 8  2 38. 0 31 27. 6 60 11. 1  3 40. 0 32 26. 11 61 10. 6  4 41. 0 33 26. 3 62 10. 0  5 41. 6 34 25. 7 63 9. 6  6 42. 0 35 25. 0 64 9. 0  7 42. 3 36 24. 5 65 8. 6  8 41. 6 37 23. 10 66 8. 0  9 40. 10 38 23. 3 67 7. 6  10 40. 2 39 22. 8 68 7. 0  11 39. 6 40 22. 1 69 6. 7  12 38. 9 41 21. 6 70 6. 2  13 38. 1 42 20. 11 71 5. 8  14 37. 5 43 20. 4 72 5. 4  15 36. 9 44 19. 9 73 5. 0  16 36. 0 45 19. 3 74 4. 9  17 35. 4 46 18. 9 75 4. 6  18 34. 8 47 18. 2 76 4. 3  19 34. 0 48 17. 8 77 4. 1  20 33. 5 49 17. 2 78 3. 11  21 32. 11 50 16. 7 79 3. 9  22 32. 4 51 16. 0 80 3. 7  23 31. 10 52 15. 6 81 3. 5  24 31. 3 53 15. 0 82 3. 3  25 30. 9 54 14. 6 83 3. 2  26 30. 2 55 14. 0 84 3. 1  27 29. 7 56 13. 5 85 3. 0  28 29. 0 57 12. 10 
From this table it appears that it is reasonably to be expected, or, in other words, that we may lay our bet one to one, that an infant newly born will live eight years; that an infant if one year old will live thirty-three years longer; that an infant of two years old will live thirty eight years longer; that a man of twenty will live thirty-three years and five months longer; that a man of thirty will live twenty eight years long- er; and so proportionally of every other age. [Buffon.]
DEAN SWIFT'S CANDID CONFESSION.
DEAN SWIFT, who is well known to have been the principal champion of monarchy during the greater part of his life, was, in the latter part of it, compelled by his own experience to change his mind, and give his testimony in favor of republics. Having used some expressions in "The Prebyterians' Plea of Merit," written in 1731, which might seem to reflect on republican governments, he obviates such a construction by the following words: "I do not say this in di- minution or disgrace to commonwealths, wherein I confess I have much altered many opinions under which I was educated, having been led by some observation, long experience, and a thorough de- testation of the corruptions of mankind; inasmuch that I am now justly liable to the censure of Hobbs who complains that the youth of England imbibe ill opinions from reading the histories of ancient Greece and Rome, those renowned scenes of li- berty and every virtue."
Such a confession, extorted by experience and observation from a man no less distinguished for his knowledge of the world than his profound ge- nius, in contradiction to the prejudices of edu- cation, the pride of former opinions committed
to the public in various works of his pen, and on an occasion where his religious animosities and personal interest conspired with other motives to favour his original impressions, is a severe satire against the corruptions of kingly government, and ought to be an antidote to all doctrines which tend to poison the republican character and con- stitutions of America. June 25, 1792.
BOOKS,
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10. M'Fingal, an epic poem, a new edition in 12mo. Price three eighths of a dollar.
11. American Jest Books, in two parts, with two very neat engravings. Price bound, three fifths of a dollar.
12. Garden of the Soul, by Bishop Chalenor. Price, bound plain, half a dollar, in calf and let- tered three quarters of a dollar, plain 2-20/.
13. The Douay Translation of the vulgate Bi- ble, in quarto. Price, elegantly bound and lettered, 50/2—plain, six dollars.
Said Carey has for sale, a large assortment of books, European as well as American editions, which he will dispose of on the most reasonable terms, Country gentlemen, who favor him with commands, may depend upon being supplied in the most satis- factory manner. A liberal allowance to such as pur- chase quantities for public libraries, or to sell again. May 17. 6m. 12. w.
This day is published,
And to be sold at No. 54, S. Second-street By ROBERT CAMPBELL,
And BENJAMIN JOHNSON, No. 147. Market-street,
[Price ten shillings, neatly bound]
The New Art of Cookery,
According to the present practice; Being a complete Guide to all Housekeepers, on a plan entirely new— Consisting of thirty-eight Chapters.
—Containing—
PROPER directions for marketing, and trus- sing of poultry; The making soups and broths; Dressing all sorts of fish; Sauces for every occasion; Boiling and roasting; Baking, broil- ing and frying; Stews and hashes; Made dishes of every sort; Ragouts and fricasees; Directions for dressing all sorts of roots and vegetables; All sorts of aumlets and eggs; Puddings, pies, tarts, &c; Pancakes and fritters; Cheesecakes & Cust- ards; Blancmange, jellies, and syllabubs; Direc- tions for the sick; Preserving, syrups, and con- serves; Drying and candying; All sorts of cakes; Hogs puddings, sausage, &c; Potting, and little cold dishes; The art of carving; Collaring, sal- ting, and souing; Pickling; To keep garden vegetables, &c; Made Wines; Cordial Waters; Brewing; English and French bread, &c.
By RICHARD BRIGGS—Many years Cook at the Globe-Tavern, Fleet-street, the white-Hart Tavern, Holborn, and now at the Temple Coffee- house, London.
** Subscribers to the National Gazette, who wish to have their papers sent by any other con- veyance than the public mail, are desired to no- tify the same to the editor (their letters on this subject to be post-paid by themselves.)
** For sale at this Office, Sermons by the Rev'd Dr. William Linn, of N. York. Price 5/7 1-2.
TO THE PUBLIC.
THE Subscriber has it in contemplation soon to decline his present business—and having on hand a considerable quantity of superfine second and elastic cloths, together with a variety of other arti- cles in his way, proposes to sell them at the following reduced prices—
 Best Superfine navy blue 34/.  Ditto. ditto. Scarlet 36/.  Common colours superfine 32/.  Elastic stripes 95/.  London buff and white cassimirs 15/.  Ditto, coloured do. 15/.  Yorkshire do. do. 13/6.  Striped toiletens 14/.  Rattinees 35/.  Striped Nanneens 31/. 
A variety of waistcoat shapes proportionably low, Fancy buttons and trimmings do. London best silk hose, from 22/6 to 24/.
The above goods have been mostly imported from one of the first Mercantile houses in London, and are of an equal quality to any imported into Ameri- ca; they will be sold per piece or smaller quantity as may best suit the purchasers; by the public's most humble servant, JOHN SHEPHERD, No. 3 South Fourth-street.
Any person disposed to purchase the whole of the above stock, may also have on reasonable terms his present dwelling house, together with the store, a more eligible situation for business in the tailor's line is not to be found in this city. The advantage of this business being so well esta- blished by the proprietor will be very great, and from well known facts, needs no comment.
A lease of six years may be had of the house. May 14. 2awp. tf.
PROPOSALS
For Printing by Subscription,
THE
PUBLIC REPORTS
FROM THE EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENTS OF THE GOVERNMENT of the UNITED STATES
TO
CONGRESS, Commencing with the present Government, and end- ing with the close of the Session of May 1799.
THIS work is intended to be printed in one volume octavo, estimated to contain between five and six hundred pages, and will be delivered to subscribers in boards at One Dollar and a half.
A complete collection of the Reports into a convenient and portable volume has been sug- gested to the publishers by several Members of Congress and other gentlemen, and they are now determined to proceed on with the work, provi- ded a competent number of subscribers appear to patronize the undertaking.
Subscriptions are received by CHILDS and SWAIN, the publishers, No. 209, Market- street, Philadelphia, and by the principal Book- sellers in the United States. May 24.
THIS DAY ARE PUBLISHED, [In Octavo—Price 2/9.]
THE LAWS of the UNITED STATES, Passed at the First Session of the Second Congress.
PUBLISHED BY AUTHORITY.
To which are added the Ratifications of the Amendments to the Constitution, by the several ratifying States; the Armistice between the United States and Great-Britain; and the Treaty of Peace and Friendship with the Cherokees, which, with those in the other octavo volume completes all the existing treaties.
Philadelphia, printed by CHILDS & SWAIN, Printers of the Laws of the United States, and sold by them, at their office, No. 209, Market- Street; also by the principal Booksellers in the city.
** The Laws are sewed in blue paper, and are intended to be bound up with those of the next session, so as to make one volume, com- prising all the Laws passed by the Second Con- gress, when a complete Index will be added for both sessions.
The LAWS of the Three Sessions of the First Congress, With a complete Index, in one volume octavo, may be had as above. Philadelphia, May 17th, 1792.
A FARM FOR SALE.
To be sold cheap for cash, a Farm situated on the Banks, and on the north side of the river Rar- itan in the state of New-Jersey; eight miles from the city of New-Brunswick, and one from the town of Bound Brook, containing 191 acres, and 40 acres about a mile distant apportioned to it for woodland; on this farm has lately been erected a neat and convenient house 28 by 34 feet neatly finished, built on a cellar the dimensions of the House, with a kitchen forming a wing 24 by 18 feet completed; 50 acres of it being meadow renders this place truly valuable; the healthy airy and pleasant situation makes it an agreeable seat for a gentleman; the meadow and fertility of the soil, an object for the farmer, & its being surrounded by the most wealthy and opulent farmers in the state, a very eligible stand for a store. The ride to and from Brunswick, on either side of the river, is delightful; for the price apply to the editor of the National Gazette. 6w 1aw.
PRINTED BY CHILDS AND SWAIN, AT THEIR OFFICE, NO. 209, HIGH-STREET NEAR FIFTH-STREET, PHILADELPHIA.