Gazette of the United-States. (New-York [N.Y.]), 1793-04-04 00:00:00

cb adores for from the National Convention to the (-385-) French Nation  Gazette of the United States.
A NATIONAL PAPER, PUBLISHED WEDNESDAYS AND SATURDAYS BY JOHN FENNO, No. 34, NORTH FIFTH-STREET, PHILADELPHIA.
[No. 97 of Vol. IV.]
SATURDAY, MAY 4, 1793.
[Whole No. 419.]
LAW OF THE UNION.
SECOND CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES, AT THE SECOND SESSION, Begun and held at the City of Philadelphia, in the State of Pennsylvania, on Monday the fifth of November, one thousand seven hundred and ninety-two.
AN ACT for extending the time for receiving on Loan that part of the Domestic Debt of the United States, which may be subscribed prior to the first day of March, one thousand seven hundred and ninety-three.
BE it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the term for receiving on loan that part of the domestic debt of the United States, which shall not have been subscribed, in pursuance of the act, intitled "An act supplementary to the act making provision for the debt of the United States," be extended, from and after the first day of March, one thousand seven hundred and ninety-three, until the last day of June, one thousand seven hundred and ninety-four inclusively, on the same terms and conditions, as are contained in the act, intitled "An act making provision for the debt of the United States: Provided, That the books for receiving the said subscriptions shall be opened only at the Treasury of the United States."
And be it further enacted, That such of the creditors of the United States, as have not subscribed, and shall not subscribe to the said loan, shall nevertheless receive, during the year one thousand seven hundred and nine- ty-three, a rate per centum on the amount of such of their demands, as shall have been registered, conformable to the directions con- tained in the said act, on or before the last day of June, one thousand seven hundred and ninety-four, equal to the interest, which would be payable to them, as subscribing creditors.
JONATHAN TRUMBULL, Speaker of the House of Representatives. JOHN LANGDON, President pro tempore of the Senate.
APPROVED MARCH 2, 1793. GEO. WASHINGTON, President of the United States.
AN ACT supplementary to the act, entitled, "An act to provide more effectually for the collection of the Duties imposed by law on Goods, Wares and Merchandize imported into the United States, and on the tonnage of Ships or Vessels."
BE it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That there shall be in the State of Georgia, a district, to be called the district of Hardwick, to com- prehend all the waters, shores, bays, harbors, creeks and rivers, between the south point of Ossabaw Island and the south point of Warsaw Island; that in the said district the town of Hardwick shall be the only port of entry, and a collector for said district shall be appointed to reside at Hardwick, and the said collector shall be entitled to receive the like fees, and the same yearly allowance which is paid to the collector of the district of St. Mary's, in the said State.
And be it further enacted, That so much of Lake Champlain, with the shores, bays and rivers connected therewith as lieth within the State of New-York, shall be one entire district, to be called the district of Champlain; and the President of the United States, be, and hereby is authorized to appoint such place within the said district to be the port of en- try and delivery within the same as he may deem expedient; and a collector for the said district shall be appointed to reside at such place within said district as the President of the United States shall direct, who shall be al- lowed the same fees as are allowed the collec- tor in the district of Vermont: Provided nevertheless, That the exception contained in the sixty-ninth section of the act abovenem- tioned, relative to the district of Louis- ville, shall be, and hereby is extended to the district of Champlain.
And be it further enacted, That from and after the last day of June next, the collectors in the district of Vermont and Champlain, in
addition to the fees and emoluments which may accrue to them in the collection of the duties of import and tonnage by the provi- sions already made, shall severally have and be entitled to receive the yearly sum of one hun- dred dollars each.
And be it further enacted, That from, and after the last day of June next, the allowance of one half per centum to the collectors of the districts of Pennsylvania and of the city of New-York, and the allowance of one per centum to the collectors of the districts of Boston and Charlestown, and of Baltimore, on the amount of all the monies by them re- spectively received, on account of the duties of import and tonnage shall cease, and instead thereof, from and after the said last day of June next, the collectors of the districts of Pennsylvania, and of the city of New-York shall be entitled to three eighths of one per centum, and the collectors of the districts of Boston and Charlestown, and of Baltimore, shall be entitled to three fourths of one per centum, on all such monies by them respec- tively received.
And be it further enacted, That from and after the first day of January next no officer of the customs, or other person employed un- der the authority of the United States, in the collection of the duties imposed by law on goods, wares and merchandise imported into the United States, and on the tonnage of ships or vessels, shall own, in whole or in part, any ship or vessel, or act as agent, attorney or consignee for the owner or owners of any ship or vessel, or of any cargo or lading on board the same: Nor shall any officer of the cus- toms, or other person employed in the col- lection of the duties as aforesaid, import, or be concerned directly or indirectly in the im- portation of any goods, wares or merchan- dize into the United States, on penalty that every person so offending and being thereof convicted, shall forfeit the sum of five hun- dred dollars.
And be it further enacted, That so much of the twelfth section of an act, entitled, "An act making alterations in the treasury and war departments," as restricted all officers of the United States employed in the col- lection of the duties imposed by law on goods, wares and merchandise imported into the United States, and on the tonnage of ships or vessels, from buying or disposing of the funds or debts of the United States, or of any state, or of any public property of either, be and the same is hereby repealed; so far as the same prohibits them from disposing of their interest in the funds, or debts of the United States, or of any of the said States.
And be it further enacted, That the Pres- ident of the United States may, if he shall judge it conducive to the public interest, in- crease the complement of mariners to the se- veral revenue cutters, so that the number do not exceed seven mariners to each cutter; and that from, and after the first day of April next, there be allowed, in lieu of the com- pensations now established, to the master of each revenue cutter, forty dollars per month, and the subsistence of a captain in the army of the United States; to a first mate, twen- ty six dollars per month; to a second mate, twenty dollars per month; to a third mate, eighteen dollars per month; to every mate, the subsistence of a lieutenant of the said ar- my; and to each mariner, not exceeding ten dollars per month, to be paid by the collec- tors of the revenue, who shall be designated for that purpose: And that the Secretary of the Treasury be, and he is hereby authorized to contract for the supply of rations for the officers and men of the said cutters, on such terms, as shall, from time to time, appear reasonable.
JONATHAN TRUMBULL, Speaker of the House of Representatives. JOHN LANGDON, President pro tempore of the Senate.
APPROVED MARCH 2, 1793. GEO. WASHINGTON, President of the United States.
AN ACT for the relief of Simeon Thayer.
BE it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America, in Congress assembled, That Si- meon Thayer, late a major in the army of the United States, who was disabled at the battle of Monmouth, be placed on the pension list of the United States, and that he be al- lowed the half pay of a major, from the first day of January one thousand seven hundred and eighty-one: provided he return into the treasury-office, a sum equivalent to the whole of his commutation of half pay.
JONATHAN TRUMBULL, Speaker of the House of Representatives. JOHN LANGDON, President pro tempore of the Senate.
APPROVED, MARCH 2, 1793. GEO. WASHINGTON, President of the United States.
ABRIDGEMENT OF THE NEW CONSTITUTION OF FRANCE.
[CONCLUDED.]
Administrative Bodies.
THERE shall be in each department, an ad- ministrative council of 18 members, with subordinate agencies. The former are to con- trol the revenue, and to correspond with the executive government. The inferior admin- istrations are not as yet organized.
The administrators are to be elected in the primary assemblies, and the half renewed every two years.
Executive Council.
I. The executive council of the Republic shall be composed of seven general agents or ministers, and a secretary.
II. There shall be,
 1. A minister of legislation.  2. A minister of war.  3. A minister for foreign affairs.  4. A minister of public contributions.  5. A minister of the marine.  6. A minister of agriculture, commerce and manufactures.  7. A minister of works, aids, public estab- lishments, and arts. 
III. Each of the ministers shall alternately preside in the executive council, and the pre- sident shall be changed every fifteen days.— To this council it belongs to execute all the laws and all the decrees passed by the legis- lative body.
The ministers are to be chosen in the pri- mary assemblies, and in the manner before prescribed. Eight supplens or substitutes are to be chosen at the same time.
The members of the council to be chosen for two years. The half shall be renewed every year; but they may be re-elected.
The executive council are accountable to, and cannot be members of the legislative body. They have no control over the Na- tional treasury, which is to be directed by three commissioners appointed for that purpose, and elected in the same manner. Two hundred members are to be chosen in the legislative body, of whom a jury of seven is to audit each account.
Legislative Body.
The legislative body is to consist of one chamber, and to be renewed annually, by elec- tions in the manner before mentioned.
The number of deputies to be sent from each department is to be newly fixed every ten years, according to the increase or de- crease of the population.
The members of the legislative body shall not at any time be prosecuted, impeached, or tried for any thing which they may have said or written in the exercise of their functions.
No proposition shall pass into a law, unless it be first proposed in the assembly, then re- ferred to a committee of thirteen, and after the interval of a fortnight, if the time should permit, re-debated in the assembly.
Censorship of the People.
Under this head it is proposed, that any citizen shall have the right of convoking the primary assembly where he resides, to consider of the enactment of a new, or the repeal of an existing law. If they agree to the propo- sition, they are to address the people of other assemblies, and the wish of the department thus collected, is to be transmitted to and decided upon by the members of the legislative body.
The citizens shall likewise have the right to demand an inquiry into the conduct of public functionaries, in case of abuse of power and violation of the law.
A Convention.
A convention is to be summoned whenever any change is made in the legislative body. In the 20th year after the passing of the con- stitutional code, a convention shall be called to revise and improve.
The convention cannot hold its sittings within 50 leagues of the legislative body. It shall be formed of 2 members from each de- partment.
Administration of Justice.
In the civil as well as the criminal code, the trial by jury is to be established. The jurors as well as judges are to be elected.— The former to be taken one from every hun- dred citizens. The jury to consist of a di- rector, a reporter, a national commissioner, and a number of jurymen to be specified.
The punishment of death is abolished for all private offences.
There are to be two juries, whose functions correspond with those of the grand and petty juries in the English constitution.
Judicial censors are to be appointed to tra- vel at fixed periods, and to try all questions of appeal.
A national jury, consisting of 3 jurors from each department, is to try all questions of high treason.
The arrest and detention of an individual are qualified by a number of minute regula- tions, highly favorable to personal liberty.
The liberty of the press is declared to be indefinite.
There can be judged either civilly or crimi- nally, on account of writings printed or pub- lished, except it shall have been recognized and declared by a jury, 1st, whether there is any criminality in the writing denounced; 2dly, whether the person prosecuted is guilty of it.
Public Force.
The forces of the Republic are placed un- der the control of the executive council.— The public force is declared to be essentially obedient, as no armed body can deliberate.
The commanders in chief are to have an- nual and revocable commissions from the ex- ecutive council.
The commanders of the national guards shall be elected annually by the citizens in each district.
Public Contributions.
The public contributions ought never to exceed the exigencies of the state.
There cannot be established any contribu- tion, which by its nature, or by its mode of exaction, might be injurious to the free dispo- sal of property, to the progress of industry, and of commerce, to the circulation of capi- tals, or might produce the violation of the rights recognized and declared by the consti- tution.
The amount shall be fixed each year by the legislative body, and cannot exceed that term. They are to be published annually.
Relation to Foreign Powers.
The French will only take up arms for the sake of their liberty. It renounces all ac- cession of territory, unless by the will, freely expressed, of its inhabitants.
The declaration of war shall be made by the legislative body; treaties of peace, com- merce and alliance, shall be made by the ex- ecutive council, and ratified by the legislative body, etc.
Presented by the members forming the committee of constitution.
Barrère, Brissot, Condorcet, Danton, Gensonne, Pétion, Sieyes, Thomas Paine, Vergniaud.
Foreign Intelligence.
FRANCE.
NATIONAL CONVENTION.
FEBRUARY 25:
TALIEN, in the name of the com- mittee of general safety, gave in a report on the troubles which prevail at present in the city of Ly- ons. The sentence pronounced, a- gainst Louis XVI. and his execution had, he said, filled the Aristocrats of Lyons with horror. Since that pe- riod, the tree of liberty had been disgraced with insulting inscrip- tions, and pamphlets had been pub- lished with threats against the Na- tional Convention. In one of which were the following words: "Trem- ble, Tyrants! Remember that the base murderers of Charles I. either all perished on the scaffold, or fell by the hands of real Englishmen."— He said also: the Aristocrats ex- pressed great joy when they heard of the death of Le Pelletier; and that they threatened, at the same time, to set fire to Mont-Brun, a city of that department, and to the houses of two deputies who had vot- ed for the death of Louis. After mentioning other facts, tending to shew the ferment which prevails at Lyons, he added, that a counter re- volution was ready to be effected there; that the central club of all the popular societies in that city had been dispersed; that their records had been burnt in the public square; that fire had been set to the tree of liberty, which would have been con- sumed, had not the Sans Culottes braved the poinards which threaten- ed them; that the statue of liberty and of J. J. Rousseau had been nailed to the sacred tree; and that during this counter-revolutionary ceremo- ny, the Aristocrats had formed a dance around it, in which the ladies had made a conspicuous figure; and that the gates of the arsenal and of the powder magazine were in the hands of the revolvers. He con- cluded with stating, that every thing announced the greatest danger; for the constituted authorities had writ-

ten that they were no longer able to do any good, and that they began to despair.
The convention decreed, that 3 commissioners from their own number should be sent with full powers to act, as circumstances might require, and ordered the executive power to dispatch an armed force sufficient to restore tranquility.
Alarming state of Paris.
He said there existed a great ferment among the people, and that they were assembling in a tumultuous manner in very large bodies, on account of the scarcity of provisions. He moved, therefore, and the convention decreed, that the municipality of Paris should be authorized to pursue such measures as they might think necessary for restoring order; even to cause the drum to beat to arms if necessary; and that they should every day give to the convention an account of the state of Paris.
FEBRUARY 26.
The affair of Lyons again occupied the attention of the convention, and several farther particulars, respecting the disorders in that city, were stated: among others, that the counter-revolutionists openly shouted out Long live Louis XVII.—Down with it. Two battalions, however, arriving there, a number of the ring leaders quitted that place.
MARCH 6.
Letter from the commissioners sent to Belgium.
Liege, March 3, 1793.
"Citizens our colleagues,
"As you will have laid before you the letter which we have addressed to the national convention, we shall not here repeat the contents of it. But we must add, that every thing is in a most alarming situation; that the army which retired from Aix-la-Chapelle, and the environs, is almost entirely disbanded; that the enemy will perhaps to-morrow, or perhaps this evening, be in Liege—in Liege, where all our provisions are collected, and which contains immense treasures! We give this account from the information of General Valence, at whose house we now write. He assures us, that if Dumourier himself does not arrive, he cannot answer for the consequences.
"We are endeavoring to rally the fugitives, and are using our utmost endeavors with the provisional administration and the citizens, that the people of Liege may second us, and supply the wants of our army. The dangers resulting from this want are so much the greater, as the enemy are very strong in cavalry, while we have scarcely any at all.
(Signed) Delacroix, Gouffier, and Merlin de Douay."
When this letter was read several members moved, that Bournonville, the minister at war, should be called to the bar.—Bournonville accordingly appeared and said; I received yesterday from Gen. Valence dispatches, which simply stated, that the posts on the Roer had been forced; that a column of Prussians were advancing towards Ruremonde, and that another body of 10,000 were marching against him. It is astonishing that the commissioners should have been so imprudent as to give such details. Were they real, the generals would certainly have communicated them to me. I have received dispatches also from Dumourier, who gives me only a very slight account of that affair. Yesterday morning I dispatched a courier, with orders to Valence and Miranda to unite, and form a body of 40,000 men; for should the enemy appear before Liege, it would not be astonishing to hear of its being taken next day, as it is not fortified. I have besides given orders to Dumourier to lay siege to Maestricht in form. In short, news coming from fugitives is not entitled to credit; and it is impossible that the commissioners could be properly informed of the details of that affair by men who fled."
Paris, March 11. We are assured that the sitting of last night was very interesting to the committees of the Convention. More than 80 persons were present.—Danton and
Genfonnet set out this morning for Belgium.
The dispatches from Gen. Dumourier are of the utmost importance. A very serious action took place between Brussels and Louvain, the details of which will probably be laid before the Convention to morrow.
LEYDEN, March 11.
The following is said to be a correct statement of the forces of the combined powers, now acting against France on the banks of the Rhine, viz: under the command of Prince de Saxe Cobourg and Gen. Clairfayt, 38,000 infantry, and 12,000 cavalry;—Prince Hohenlohe, 35,000 troops;—Count Coleredo, near Manheim, 26,000;—Gen. Beaulieu, 14,000; General Wurmsier, in the Brisgau, 35,000; besides 30,000 Croats, now marching through Germany to the same destination;—making in the whole, 180,500 troops; which number the addition of the Prussian armies, and the army of the Empire, make above 300,000 effective men. It is also said that Custine's army is reduced to the last extremity by sickness and want.
LIEGE, March 8.
The Austrians made themselves masters of this place on the evening of the 5th. An arch of the great bridge having been broken down by the French, the Duke of Wirttemberg was not able to make his way thither sooner.
The Prince de Saxe Cobourg has demanded from this city 600,000 florins by way of present to his army, and all the towns which were so imprudent as to receive the French will undergo the same fate. Remonstrances have been made to the Prince on this subject, but he replied that he could not depart from his demand.
The Hulsans have seized several waggons loaded with silver plate, and 45 ounces of gold plate, taken from the cathedral, have been in part seized near St. Tron. The plate of the chapter of St. Peter was luckily forgotten.
Last Sunday three French priests, seven emigrants and three citizens, were massacred by the patriots.
VIENNA, March 2.
A courier arrived here yesterday at four o'clock in the afternoon, from Peterburgh, with the official account, that the Empress of Russia had acceded to the coalition of the powers of Europe, and that a fleet of ten ships of the line are soon to quit the port of her majesty, in order to join the Spanish squadron, and to act in concert with the Spaniards against France.
His Imperial Majesty has just acknowledged in form Monsieur, the eldest brother of the late Louis XVI. as Regent of France.
COLOGNE, March 4.
Yesterday 83 waggons with French wounded, and a strong detachment of prisoners, arrived here; which were taken by the Imperialists in the action on the Roer the day before yesterday.
This day 24 waggons with wounded Frenchmen, among whom are several officers, entered this place, with some carts full of small arms, and 11 pieces of cannon.
It is reported that the French had 600 men killed and wounded, and lost 45 pieces of cannon; the Imperialists had 350 killed, and 263 wounded.
This evening 20 more waggons of wounded Frenchmen are come in. We have just received accounts of a warm action between the Austrians under Gen. Beaulieu and the French, to the advantage of the former, who killed a vast number of the French, took several pieces of cannon, and drove the enemy from Stablo and Malmédy.
ROTTERDAM, March 8.
A letter from Utrecht, 7th March, says—"I have just time to tell you, that I left the Duke of Brunswick's head quarters at Bruggen, yesterday at noon, and you have in all probability heard of the French having evacuated Liege, Mazyk, Roermonde, and Fort St. Michael, and also of their having raised the siege of Maestricht."
HAGUE, March 11.
Last night arrived here, and was put under confinement, J. H. Bedault, Lieutenant General, who had the command of Gertruydenburg, &c.
FRANKFORT, March 9.
The fortress of Königstein has at length been reduced by the allied armies. The French garrison who were obliged to surrender at discretion, were brought hither to-day.
This evening we expect the first train of the Imperial heavy artillery, that of the Prussians has already reached the place of its destination. It is said, that the expence of transporting this first train of Austrian artillery, and that of the second, which is soon to follow, will not be less than 400,000 florins.
LONDON, March 12.
The secrecy, the vigor, the dispatch, with all the other unremitting exertions, used by government since the French have thought proper to declare war against us, correspond with their general character for wisdom and policy—They have, since that short period, silenced and restricted the daring among ourselves—they have purged the land of foreign and insidious emissaries, and put the kingdom in the best general state of defence. Equally faithful to their allies, they have sent effectual succour to their aid, and by acting with a central spirit, have given wisdom and vigor to the councils and armies of Europe.
To such spirited exertions, under God, we may attribute the late successes in Holland, and by perseverance, we may reasonably hope for a continuance of them. The late boast of Gen. Dumourier was, that he would breakfast in Amsterdam the 17th of February last—but that day is past, and no Dumourier is arrived!
The taking of Liege by General Beaulieu is a most important conquest—The magazines of the French, and all the treasures of which they had robbed the Netherlands, were stored in this place.
Letters received from Breda mention, that Dumourier found in that fortress 187 pieces of cannon,—200,000 pounds of powder, 6,000 muskets, and a great quantity of bombs, cannon balls, &c. Dumourier immediately set out upon an important expedition, carrying off a great part of the military stores.
Maestricht is defended by 4,000 German troops, chiefly from the duchy of Brunswick, and 1,200 French emigrants, of whom the greater part are officers. The Brussels Gazette, which now publishes only what the French dictate, admits, that the siege of this place was found much more difficult than was expected, and that the fire of the garrison proved the superintendence of some able engineers.
After the battle of Jemappé, in which very near 12,000 of the French were slain, Dumourier informed the Convention, that the day had cost him three hundred men.
But how did this cunning General afterwards reconcile this information to his conscience? Thus—Upon being asked, when at Paris, by an English officer who was present at the battle, how he could have sent word to the convention that that day had cost him only 300 men? the General replied, that it was exactly so; for, added he, before the engagement had been over an hour, I had near 12,000 recruits sent to my army; so that in balancing the account of killed and received, I found a deficiency only of 300 men—which, therefore, was the loss of the day.
MARCH 19.
Mr. Hope, of Amsterdam, who is now in London, received a letter by yesterday's mail, which he considered of so much importance as to transmit to Ministers. It stated that the Prince de Saxe Cobourg came up with the French armies between St. Tron and Louvain; engaged them, and gained a complete victory, in which the French loss was estimated at 12,000 men. Their armies were totally routed and dispersed.
In addition to this, rumours more vague said, that the Austrians had afterwards captured Louvain, and were marching to Brussels with the certainty of taking it.
We state these reports without giving them as facts. The name of Mr. Hope gave weight to the story, but it does not appear that the letter received by him states the fact otherwise than as a report in Amsterdam. The accounts from Paris, down to Thursday last, state that Dumourier had come to take the command of the Belgic army, but says nothing of this defeat.
HOUSE OF COMMONS, March 11.
The Chancellor of the Exchequer after some preliminary observations on the present state of affairs in respect to the war, stated the supplies necessary to be provided for, and the ways and means as follows:
   THE SUPPLY     The navy—ordinaries and extra-ordinaries 3,791,000   Excels, by war 2,070,000   The arms—guards, garrisons, and augmentations of all for s, Excels, independent of militia, 2,573,000 1,900,000   Hanoverian troops, should the House vote them 555,000   Militia and all contingencies 939,000   Total vote for army 3,268,000   Excels of the whole 2,300,000   The ordnance total 793,000   Excels 430,000   Miscellaneous, for extra unforeseen articles, 175,000   Which was above the estimate of peace establishment 47,000   Deficiency of grants 228,000   Deficiency of land and malt at the usual sum of 350,000   Additional issue to the commissioners for the reduction of the national debt 200,000   The total to be provided for to be 11,182,000   WAYS AND MEANS.   The ways and means to meet this supply he stated as follows:   Land and malt at the usual sum 2,750,000   Surplus in hand on the 5th January, arising from the large product of the revenue 455,000   To which was to be added the estimate surplus up to the 5th of April, to which the ways and means of the year had been calculated, which he took at 273,000, making a total of 700,000   Of which 435,000, being the surplus arising out of the three first quarters, had been already voted.   In taking this future estimate of the permanent revenue, after defraying the permanent charges, he should go on an average of four years, the total revenue in each of which was, excluding land and malt   On the 5th of Jan.   1790 13,423,000   1791 13,879,000   1792 14,172,000   1793 14,412,000   Total in four years 55,386,000   Which divided by 4 produced the average of 13,971,000   For which deduct for charges 11,391,000   For additional future charges 240,000   Making total c 11,631,000   Which, in round fu would leave   a disposable surplus in four quarters of upwards of 3,755,000  
ADDRESS from the NATIONAL CONVENTION to the FRENCH NATION.
Proposed by ISNARD, and adopted by the Assembly, on the present crisis of their situation.
FRANKS,
SUCH is the inevitable lot of nations who have given to themselves kings, that they never can shake off their yoke without a struggle with every neighbouring tyrant.
Scarce had you proclaimed your own sovereignty when the emperor and king of Prussia took up arms against you, but now that you have proclaimed your constitution to be republican, there is not one despot who has not resolved upon your utter ruin. Those who have not already forced you into open war, are probably temporising, that they may the more easily deceive you, and it is but too true, that the projected struggle is between the enfranchised France and enslaved Europe.
Be that so, France must eventually triumph if its will is firm and constant; for nations are stronger than armies. Those who have fought for independence were ever victors. Let Holland, Switzerland, and the United States, be proofs of this assertion.
Free nations find resources in their utmost extremities and distress. Rome reduced to the circumference of the capital, arose from defeat more formidable than from victory.
Remember, Franks, your own exploits, when the Prussians dared to pollute your territory.—Ever did the enthusiasm of liberty triumph over numbers; ever did fortune smile on the valourous enterprise, and victory on true courage!
Heroes of Marathon, Salamis, and Jemappé, we invoke your testimony. Infant republic, such are thy models, such are the presages of thy success. Surely thou wast reserved to give the universe a display of a scene hitherto unknown, hitherto unimagined in the mind of man; for never did such a cause occupy the soul of mankind, never was such a cause referred to the ultimate decision of war. Not the interest or concerns of the day is the theme, posterity and ages to come are the subject; not the liberty of one nation—no, the enfranchisement of the human species.
Franks, may the sublimity of these ideas inflame thy valour, crush every tyrant, rather than thyself become a slave—a slave! What shall then new kings feed on thy gold, on the sweat of thy brow, on the profusion of thy blood? Shall again unfeeling Parliaments, at their caprice, dispose of thy fortune, of thy life?—Shall again a fanatic priesthood decimate thy industry and thy harvests? Shall again a fastidious nobility tread thee under the foot of

insolent contempt? Shall holy equality, shall sacred liberty, the produce of thy unparalleled exertions, again be ravished from thee? Shall that noble empire, the inheritance of thy ancestors, be dismembered? Shall there be for us no longer the word country, no longer the name of a Frank?—Shall this generation be destined to this accumulation of infamy?—Shall it bear the scorn of all Europe, and the contempt of posterity? No; we will disappear from the surface of the earth, or we will remain upon it independent Franks?
Let every true republican arm for his country; let our iron and brass transform themselves into the thunders of war, let our forests become vessels; let France become one camp, let the nation become one army; let the artist quit his art, and the speculator his speculation. It is more urgent to acquire liberty than riches; let cultivation retain but the arms that are necessary for it; before we ameliorate our soil, let us enfranchise it; let those veterans who have deserved their standards, blush to see their laurels fading before the victories of inexperienced but valorous youth. Above all, let the young and vigorous citizen fly to the defence of the republic. It is just that he should be exposed to the combat, ere the father of a family risk his more sacred person.
And you, tender mothers, wives replete with love and sensibility, instead of attracting and holding back in your arms those citizens who are dear to you, excite them rather to fly to victory!
It is not in the cause of a despot that they are to combat, it is for you, for your children, for your homes. Instead of weeping for their departure, repeat, like Spartan women, enthusiastic and martial songs; and let your hands, ere their return, weave them cloth for their bodies, and crowns for their victorious heads.
And thou, patriotism, and thou, passion of liberty, and of glory, who art the preservative essence of republicans, the source of heroism and of virtue, enflame their souls! Let us all swear upon the grave of our fathers, and upon the cradle of our children—Let us swear by the victims of the 10th of August, by the bones of our brethren yet scattered over the fields, that we will revenge them, or die like them.
As for you, opulent and more favoured men, who are rather egotists than republicans, who sigh for nothing but for rest—aid us to conquer, and soon you will have peace.
If relaxed by indolence, you cannot sustain the fatigues of war—open your treasures to indigence, and buy defenders, who may supply your place.
Whilst your brethren triumphed in Belgium, and upon the Alps, whilst they bid defiance to cold, to hunger, and to death; whilst they climbed up mountains and scaled ramparts, you were reposing in the arms of luxury, and can you refuse even pecuniary succours! Is then gold more precious than blood! If on one hand the love for your country perfuades you to make sacrifices, let at least on the other, interest impel you to it; reflect that it is your property and your security depend upon the success of this war; Liberty will not perish before public fortune is also annihilated, and France dismembered; if the enemies triumph, woe to them who have wronged our country.
Rich citizens, if you wish your country to be generous towards you, fulfil your duties towards her; too often man becomes a victim, because he has refused to do justice. Let your opinions be what they will, your cause is common; we all are but passengers in the vessel of the Revolution, she is launched, she must come into harbour, or she must go to pieces, and none will find a plank in the universal wreck. There is only one means to save us all, the whole mass of citizens must form a powerful colossus who standing upright before the nations, must hold with one hand the exterminating sword of the nation, and waving it over the earth and over the seas shall overflow armies and fleets.
Popular societies, ye ramparts of the Revolution—ye who gave birth to Liberty, and who watch over its cradle, create defenders to it by your eloquence, your examples; imprint a great motion, and elevate your souls to the highest degree of enthusiasm.
Warriors, who at the voice of your country fly to the field of combat, we do not endeavour to excite your courage. Frenchmen and Republicans, you are full of honour and bravery; but we recommend to you in the name of the Republic, obedience to your chiefs, for without discipline there can be no armies, no success; without discipline courage is useless, and number is impotent; discipline supplies every thing, and nothing supplies its place.
Conquerors of Valmy, Spires, and Argonne will you suffer to perish what you have once saved? No, you will also vanquish these new phalanxes the North is vomiting forth; you will defeat England on that element at present the theatre of her power. Let our brave sailors fly to the vessels of the Republic. Our marine as renowned for their patriotism, as our armies, shall heap victory upon victory, dismembered of an effeminate nobility, it is invincible. Sons of commerce, who under the yoke of a despotism that overwhelmed you with insults, produced a Jean Bart, Duquene Dague Trouin, what is there not to be expected from you under the reign of Equality?—No more restrain the combat to the discharge of cannon—a freeman should depend only on himself. Our grenadiers have themselves dismounted batteries with their bayonets. Our Hussars have charged on horseback from the ramparts. Do you in your turn attack their decks. There let these proud islanders; these despots of the sea, fall under the stroke of your hatchet.
Sailors, soldiers, may a salutary emulation animate you! may an equal success crown your endeavours! Are you conquered? France becomes the scoff of nations, and the prey of tyrants; already see your savage conquerors dart
upon her, see them insult, ravage, and lay her waste! See them at a loss for victims to glut themselves with, to appease the manes of Capet! See, illuminated by the flames of Paris, whither they carry their vengeance, whither the hangman drags your friends and your brothers; your defeat covers the earth with mourning and with tears, liberty burns these desolate regions, and with her vanishes the happiness of the human race; long after you shall be no more, the unhappy will clank their chains over your tombs, and insult your ashes.
You vanquish, and there is an end to tyrants; mankind embrace each other, and ashamed of their long error, extinguish the torch of war; they proclaim you the saviours of your country; the founders of the republic, the restorers of the universe; and the nation will crown you with laurels you have earned for it.
For you may fall in the field of honour, what can equal your glory? Your grateful country will provide for your families, will engrave your names on marble, and on brass, or rather they shall dwell for ever on the frontispiece of the great temple of universal liberty, and future generations, when they read them shall say, these are the French heroes who broke the chains of the human race, who interested themselves in our happiness, when we did not even exist.
Happy France! such is the exalted destiny that is prepared for you. Lose not yourselves in its vastness; perform it with heroism, that history may not furnish from its annals, any triumphs to compare with yours. Efface at once the glories of the republics of Greece, and Rome. Accomplish more in one year, under the reign of liberty, than you have done in ages under the reign of kings. Compel strangers to speak of the French republic but with respect—of French citizens but with enthusiastic admiration.
As to us, firm at our posts, we promise to set you the example of unbounded civism, courage, and devotion. We will imitate, should there be occasion, those Roman senators, who waited their death upon the curule chair. They have said that we are divided among ourselves, take care how you listen to them; if our opinions differ, our sentiments are the same. We differ as to the means, but our object is one. Our deliberations are tumultuous, but how can we help being animated in discussing our nearest interests. 'Tis our eagerness for the public good which agitates us; the decree once passed, the clamours at an end, but the law remains.
Franks, rely upon your representatives, whatever may be the event, they will courageously struggle against fortune and against man; never will they in thy name, capitulate with tyranny.
When first we were constituted a convention it seemed to us as we heard the voice of our country, suggesting to us, "go, and render me free, and insure my future happiness at the expence of momentary tranquillity."
If to ensure freedom Europe must be conquered, speak and I will join battle with her, whatever may be my losses, my dangers and fatigues. Give me no definitive peace, without pure and simple independence. Oh! my country! that sublime language has penetrated our souls; has remained impressive on our hearts; will form the unerring rule of our conduct, and thou shalt be saved.
NEW-YORK, April 30.
By the ship Holderness, Captain Wray, just arrived from Hull, in 30 days, we have received the following important intelligence: That the French army under Dumourier, and the Austrians, &c. have had a tremendous battle, which lasted two days!
Capt. Wray lays the account of the above battle is published in the London Gazette—it began on the 16th March, continued the whole day—on the 17th there was a cessation—on the 18th the Austrians renewed the attack, having been reinforced, this turned the fortune of the day in their favor—Gen. Dumourier was wounded in the thigh. The Captain added, that it was reported that Gen. Dumourier had still an army of 80,000 men, and had retreated farther into the Netherlands—that the field of battle was between the Meuse and Breda—that the French still held Breda, but it was feared the French garrison would be cut off. The Capt. could not tell what was the loss on the side of the Austrians, nor who commanded them—it is supposed that it was Gen. Clairfait.
Extract of a letter from a gentleman in Leeds, dated March 9, 1793, to his friend in this city.
"You have heard by the last Packet of some serious failures in London, and you will too soon hear of more. The crash that has happened to many of our country banks, since that time, has been what was never before known or heard of, in this, or perhaps any country; all confidence is destroyed; and it is much to be feared the consequences will be fatal to many men of real immense property."
Philadelphia, May 4.
Yesterday arrived here the ship Pigou, Capt. Loxley, from London—This ship has a large number of passengers, among whom are the Viscount de Noailles, M. Tallon, Rev. Dr. Duche and Family, &c.—The Pigou brings papers to the 21st March, which are not later than those heretofore received.
Thursday afternoon the French Frigate l'Embuscade, Capt. Bombard, came up to town—off Walnut-street, she fired the federal salute of 15 guns, which was returned by two field pieces, from High-street wharf, and three cheers from an immense crowd of people collected on the occasion. The Frigate carries the Cap of Liberty on her fore-top-mast.
The prize ship Grange came up Wednesday evening, and anchored below the Drawbridge.
A summary of the latest EUROPEAN INTELLIGENCE, is comprized in the following statement.
THE Government of Ireland have made great progress in disarming the people. It does not appear that any opposition has been made to the measure. In many instances the cannon and musketry have been voluntarily surrendered.
Koningstein surrendered to the Prussians who took 440 Frenchmen prisoners. The French have raised the siege of Williamstadt, evacuated Klundert, retreated towards Antwerp, after leaving their cannon and setting fire to their own batteries at Moerdyk; and from the general tenor of accounts from Holland, there is reason to expect the attack upon the United Netherlands must be abandoned.
Letters from Cologne of the 4th of March, state the loss of the French, in the action of the 1st of March, to be 6,500 men, and 45 pieces of cannon; the Imperialists had 353 killed, and 236 wounded. The city of Liege was taken by the Austrians, on the 5th of March.
By the latest accounts from the seat of the European war, it appears, that the French have met with several severe checks—First, a repulse at Aldenhoven, then a defeat at Aix-la-Chapelle, the loss of Liege, &c. and finally, Miranda's army, by the accounts from England, was reported to have suffered a total overthrow between Louvain and Brussels. Dumourier, not from any material disadvantage on his side, but in consequence of the retreat and misfortune of his colleague, has fallen back; but it appears he intends to make a stand at Breda, to the fortifications of which place he was making additions at the date of our last accounts.
It is said in the English papers, that the Austrians have re-possessed themselves of Brussels without losing a man.
The French expedition against Sardinia has failed—the fleet under Admiral Truguet, is returned to Toulon, with the loss of a ship of the line, and a Tartar.
An additional number of failures in the mercantile and banking lines, have taken place in England, according to the latest accounts.
PARIS, March 11. PROCLAMATION BY THE COMMUNE OF PARIS.
"To Arms, Citizens, to Arms! If you delay, all is lost. A great part of the Republic is overrun; Aix-la-Chapelle, Liege, Brussels, must be in the possession of the enemy; the heavy artillery, the baggage, the treasure of the army, are retreating with precipitation to Valenciennes, the only place that can stop the enemy for a moment. What cannot follow will be thrown into the Meuse. Dumourier is making conquests in Holland; but, if not supported by considerable forces, Dumourier, and with him the flower of the French armies, may be swallowed up.
"Parisians! behold the greatness of the danger; will you permit the enemy again to lay waste the Land of Liberty, and to burn your towns and villages?
"Parisians! it is against you in particular that this abominable war is directed, it is your wives and children that are to be massacred, it is Paris that is to be reduced to ashes; recollect that the insolent Brunswick has sworn not to leave one stone upon another.
"Parisians! once more save the Commonwealth, give an example once more, arise, arm, march, and these bands of slaves will again give way before you.
"It is necessary to make a great effort, a terrible stroke, a last blow! This campaign must decide the fate of the world; we must dismally, we must exterminate Kings! Men of the 14th of July, of the 5th of October; men of the 10th of August, awake!
"Your brethren, your children, pursued by the enemy, surrounded perhaps, call to you! Your brethren and children, massacred on the 10th of August, on the plains of Champagne, under the smoking ruins of Lisle; your brethren await you—arise! they must be revenged.
"Let all the arms be carried into the Sections; let every citizen meet there; let us swear to save our country; let us save it. Misfortune light on him who shall hesitate; let tomorrow thousands of men leave Paris; this is the deadly combat between Men and Kings, between Bondage and Liberty!
PACHE, Mayor. COLOMBEAU, Secretary."
National Convention of France, March 7. WAR WITH SPAIN.
Barrere, in the name of the committee of general defence, gave in a report on the political situation of France with regard to Spain. He read a letter from the minister for foreign affairs on this subject, and endeavoured to show that the King of Spain had never remained neutral; that the Republic ought to revenge the insults which it had received from that monarch; and that one enemy more would only be a pre-sage of new victories. He therefore proposed, and the Convention unanimously decreed,
Art. 1. The National Convention declares in the name of the French nation, that in consideration of the multiplied acts of aggression on the part of Spain, THE FRENCH REPUBLIC IS AT WAR WITH THE KING OF SPAIN.
II. The National Convention charges the executive council to call forth all the forces which may appear necessary for repelling the aggression, and for maintaining the independence, dignity, and interests of the French Republic. It will therefore pursue such measures that the army of the Pyrenees be raised to 100,000 men.
III. Six commissioners, chosen from the Convention, shall repair to the southern departments, to provide for the wants of the army, to accelerate the recruiting, and to animate the zeal of the citizens.
EVENING SITTING.
Gensonne was elected President, in opposition to Thuriot. This the moderate party regard as a victory over the Mountain.
Extract of a letter from Marseilles, dated Feb. 17, 1793.
"Some French vessels dispatched from this place to the United States last summer, are returned with wheat or flour, but the quantity was so small or trifling for the great consumption of this and other neighboring places, that we are actually in the greatest need, having provision scarcely for two months, for this place only, and nothing to provide the neighboring ones, who cannot obtain from this one charge of wheat or a barrel of flour, prices have risen of course.—New York wheat has been sold at 75l. a 80l. pr. charge, flour 75l. 80l. a 85l. pr. barrel, none remains unsold; the first arrivals will obtain 5l. a 10l. more, and God knows what price they will offer in two or three months, 100l. perhaps 120l. pr. barrel; fortunate they will be if they find to purchase.
"In the present circumstances if you remain neutral, your trade and vessels will procure to the United States large benefits; now the duty on tobacco, in American vessels, is reduced and at a very small difference from that imported in French bottoms. Foreign vessels may be purchased by the French.—The Americans are allowed to trade freely with the French West-Indies. The French not going this year to the Newfoundland fishery, your baccalao will obtain great prices this fall and next winter, and I am confident that the prohibitive duty imposed on foreign baccalao will be moderated as it has been during all the last war; your ships will be the carriers of all the belligerent powers, and now I could freight here fifty American vessels, and the shippers or their insurers here would make a very trifling difference between your colours, and the Swedish or Danish ones on account of your war with Algiers, thirty dollars freight pr. ton only to go to Philadelphia are offered to me on American bottoms.
Tobacco is worth from 65l. a 75l. pr. ql. marc taken in the entrepot—Carolina rice 45l. pr. ql. of 90lb English, baccalao will obtain 55l. pr. ql. of 90lb. next fall. The French armed vessels which will be in number in the Mediterranean sea will always take under their protection the American vessels they may meet."
A letter from New-York, dated April 30, says:—The Alligator British frigate, Capt. Coffin, of 28 guns, was spoke with three days ago, by a vessel arrived here last Wednesday.
As a proof of the activity which the people of England, notwithstanding their present internal commotions, daily manifest in carrying on the war against France, Mr. Atkinson, a passenger in the Roeback, mentions, that in the space of a fortnight, while in Manchester, previous to his embarking at Bristol, not less than 3000 volunteers were raised, and seamen flocked together so fast, that from 60 to 80 men embarked on board tenders every morning.
Wednesday evening about six o'clock, arrived here the ship Il Constanze, Joseph Ficoovich, Esq. commander, belonging to the Republic of Ragusa, in the Gulph of Venice, of 600 tons burthen, pierced for 42 guns, and carries 22 ditto; she left Cadiz the 10th day of October last bound for this port, which she could not make, after which she bore away for Martinico, from which place she took her departure the 2d of April. The Il Constanze fired thirteen guns as soon as she dropped her anchor, in honor of the United States, she was answered by the prize brig Little Sarah.
The colours exhibited by this ship is a Representation of the Chief Bishop of Rome, with his hook, keys, and mitre in a white field.
On Tuesday afternoon were interred in the family vault in Christ Church yard, the remains of JOHN COX, Esquire, aged 61.
Of this respectable citizen it may be truly said, that in every pursuit and station of his life, he was active, intelligent and just. All his enterprises, both public and private, were marked with vigor and decision of mind. In domestic life he was affectionate, in friendship ardent and sincere, in benevolence unbounded. The disorder which put an end to his life was painful and tedious, but it served to evince, that the passive were not surpassed by the active qualities of his mind; He was patient and resigned, and finally yielded his soul into the hands of his Creator, in full assurance of entering upon the possession of that life and immortality which were brought to light by the Gospel.
SHIP NEWS.
ARRIVED AT THE PORT OF PHILADELPHIA.
Ship Roeback, Bliss, Bristol Il Constanze, Ipcowich, Martinique Grange, Hutchinson, returned a capture Favourite, Heavilide, returned for safety Active, Blair, Havre-de-Grace Snow Harriot, Holland, Boston Brig Missouri, Mease, Cork James & Jean, Dunkin, returned for safety Betsey, Elliott, Cape-Francis Schr. Madison, Carson, Marseilles Ranger, Dyer, Penobscot Sloop Polly, Smith, Savanna Celtus, Cowland, Port-au-Prince St. Thomas, Duncomb, St. Eustatius
The ship Industry, Capt. Carson, from Havre-de-Grace, went ashore in the gale last Saturday morning. Eight French passengers, impatient to be put on shore, before the boat could be got into the water, jumped into it, by which means the tackle gave way, and the boat went down stern foremost into the water; by this melancholy accident, the eight persons became an easy prey to the boisterous element. The ship had previously lost two of her hands, and the yawl. Great part of the cargo will be saved, and it is laid, the ship got off.
The sloop Betsey, Prior, and cargo, from Philadelphia bound to New-York, are totally lost near Shre-wsbury.
PRICE OF STOCKS.
6 per Cents, 16/9 3 per Cents, 9/6 Deferred, 10/6 Full shares Bank U. S. 4 per cent. prem

For the GAZETTE of the UNITED STATES.
THOUGHTS ON THE STATE OF AMERICAN INDIANS.
(Continued from No. 94. of this Gazette.)
No. V.
ANOTHER cause which has had no inconsiderable influence in retarding the civilization of the Indians, is their removal from the neighbourhood of the whites into the interior and uncultivated parts of the country.
The amazing distance between the savage and civilized state—the different means of procuring subsistence—the usual habits of living peculiar to each—the various modes of education—the opposite qualifications that procure esteem and respect, and the occasional and constant employments of the two states, render an immediate collision impracticable.
These circumstances, with the spirit of hostility which early generated an enmity between the two people, accelerated their separation, and prevented the effect which the spirit of accommodation might in other circumstances have operated.
The single difference in procuring support, must, without a change of living, have rendered the removal of the savages indispensable. As the country is settled, the timber felled, habitations erected, and lands occupied and cultivated, those animals which furnish the savages with their principal support decay. They have been led therefore by the calls of nature and necessity, rather than by any concert or scheme of policy. Their removal placed them at once beyond the reach of improvement. While in the neighbourhood of a more civilized and social people, they would more easily become acquainted with the advantages which they enjoy, and more readily adopt their arts, their manners and way of living. By a frequent interchange of good offices, and daily observation of the security and abundance of their support, with the numerous advantages of arts, of agriculture, of instruments and of industry; they would gradually drop their prejudices; become more sensible of the attractions of society, and at length embrace the habits and improvements of civilized life.
The civilization of a barbarous nation indeed can only be effected by slow degrees, even when conducted on proper principles and uniformly prosecuted. Yet we can hardly conceive it possible for a people, under so many favorable circumstances, to remain long without making some advances towards more agreeable and improved society.
But when, instead of remaining near the whites, they withdrew beyond the reach of society, it became impossible for them to derive any benefit from the knowledge of their arts, or the institutions which they might have communicated to them.
The mortifying circumstances which caused and accompanied their removal, must have confirmed their prejudices in favor of their own manner of life, and augmented their aversion from the whites. These prejudices they would carefully instill into the minds of their youth; and by being repeatedly renewed and cultivated into a habit, they become invincible. Thus every new generation grows up with all the passions, prejudices and enmities of the preceding, and a foundation is laid for perpetual animosity and variance.
These are the principal causes which appear to me to have retarded the civilization of the Indians; and their combined influence seems sufficient to account for their present barbarity, without having recourse to a supposed incapacity for improvement, or to any other imaginary hypothesis.
LYCURGUS.
DEPARTMENT of STATE, to wit.
NOTICE is hereby given to persons interested in the property or the proceedings of CLAUDIUS PAUL RAGUETT, a citizen of Pennsylvania, lately deceased, at Bourdeaux, in France, that on application at the Office of the Secretary of State, they may receive information relative thereto, as transmitted by Mr. Fenwick, Consul for the United States at Bourdeaux.
GEORGE TAYLOR, jun. Chief Clerk. Philadelphia, April 30, 1793. ep12w
Albany Glass-House.
The Proprietors of the Glass-Manufactory, under the Firm of
M C CLALLEN, M C GREGOR and Co.
BEG leave to inform the public, that they have now brought their WINDOW-GLASS to such perfection, as will be found, on comparison, to be equal, in quality, to the best London Crown Glass.
Having fixed their prices at a lower rate than imported Glass, they are induced to believe, that importations of this article will be discontinued, in proportion as their works are extended. They propose to enlarge the scale of this business, and as the success of it will depend on the patriotic support of the public, they beg leave to solicit their friendly patronage in the pursuit of a branch which will interest every lover of AMERICAN MANUFACTURES.
All orders for WINDOW-GLASS, of any size, will be received at the Store of RHODES and MACGREGOR, No. 234, Queen-Street, New-York; and at the Glass Warehouse, No. 48, Market-Street, Albany, which will be punctually attended to.
WANTED, six smart active LADS, not exceeding 16 years of age, to be indentured as Apprentices, and regularly instructed in the various branches of Glass-Making.
Also, three Window-Glass Makers, to whom great encouragement will be given.
May 1, 1793. ep12w
NEW TEAS.
IMPERIAL, HYSON & SOUCHONG
Of the very first quality, and latest importation from Canton, via New-York, by retail, at
No. 19,
Third, between Chesnut and Market Streets.
N. B. A few Boxes of the above HYSON for sale.
By Authority.
BY THE PRESIDENT of the UNITED STATES of AMERICA.
A Proclamation.
WHEREAS it appears, that a state of war exists between Austria, Prussia, Sardinia, G. Britain, and the United Netherlands, of the one part; and France, on the other—and the duty and interest of the United States require, that they should with sincerity and good faith adopt and pursue a conduct friendly and impartial towards the belligerent powers.
I HAVE therefore thought fit by these presents, to declare the disposition of the United States to observe the conduct aforesaid towards those powers respectively; and to exhort and warn the citizens of the United States carefully to avoid all acts and proceedings whatsoever, which may in any manner tend to contravene such disposition.
AND I DO hereby also make known, that whosoever of the citizens of the United States shall render himself liable to punishment or forfeiture under the law of nations, by committing, aiding or abetting hostilities against any of the said powers, or by carrying to any of them those articles, which are deemed contraband by the modern usage of nations, will not receive the protection of the United States against such punishment or forfeiture; and further, that I have given instructions to those officers, to whom it belongs, to cause prosecutions to be instituted against all persons, who shall, within the cognizance of the Courts of the United States, violate the law of nations, with respect to the powers at war, or any of them.
IN TESTIMONY whereof, I have caused the Seal of the United States of America to be affixed to these presents, and signed the same with my hand. Done at the City of Philadelphia, the twenty-second day of April, one thousand seven hundred and ninety-three, and of the Independence of the United States of America the seventeenth.
G. WASHINGTON.
By the PRESIDENT, Th: JEFFERSON.
JUST PUBLISHED, By Thomas Dobson, Bookseller, at the Stone-House, in Second Street, PHILADELPHIA, VOLUME VIII, OF ENCYCLOPEDIA: OR, A DICTIONARY OF ARTS, SCIENCES, AND MISCELLANEOUS LITERATURE, On a Plan entirely new: BY WHICH
THE DIFFERENT SCIENCES AND ARTS are digested into the Form of Distinct, TREATISES OR SYSTEMS:
THIS VOLUME CONTAINS AN ACCOUNT of the Cap: of Good Hope, Grafting, Universal Grammar, Grasses, Greece, Greenland, Guam, Guinea, Gunery, Happiness, Harmony, Heat, Hepatic-Air, Heraldry, Hindostan, Hippopotamus, History, New-Holland, Horse, Horsemanship, Hottentots, Hunting, Husbandry, Hydrometer, with a great variety of Biographical and Miscellaneous Articles. Embellished with sixteen Copperplates.
CONDITIONS.
 I. The work is printing on a superfine paper, and new types, (cast for the purpose) which will be occasionally renewed before they contract a worn appearance.  II. The work is furnished in boards, in volumes or half-volumes, as subscribers chuse; the price of the whole volumes, five dollars each, of the half-volumes two dollars and two-thirds of a dollar each. Ten dollars to be paid on subscribing, the volumes or half-volumes finished to be paid for when delivered, the price of one volume to be paid in advance, and the price of each succeeding volume to be paid on delivering the volume preceding it. No part of the work will be delivered unless paid for.  III. In the course of the publication will be delivered about five hundred copperplates elegantly engraved in Philadelphia: which by far exceed in number those given in any other scientific dictionary. At the close of the publication will be delivered an elegant frontispiece, the dedication, preface, and proper title pages for the different volumes.  It is expected the work will be comprised in about eighteen volumes in quarto.
As several gentlemen who have honored this undertaking with early subscriptions, have only received a small part of the work, they are earnestly requested to complete their sets, as far as published, immediately, while the publisher still has it in his power to supply them with the parts which have not been furnished. As the subscription will very possibly be closed by the first of July next, the publisher cannot undertake to complete sets after that period, and those who wish to become possessors of this truly valuable and important work, will please apply before the expiration of that time, that they may not be disappointed.
The very heavy expence necessarily incurred in carrying on this work, makes it indispensably requisite for the publisher to adhere more strictly than he has done to the original condition, of delivering the volumes only on being paid for them.
April 6, 1793. ep1m
TO BE SOLD BY THE EDITOR, A TABLE for receiving and paying Gold—graduated according to Law—Blank Manifests—And Blanks for the various Powers of Attorney necessary in transacting Business at the Treasury or Bank of the United States.
TO THOSE CONCERNED IN MILLS IN THE UNITED STATES.
OLIVER EVANS, late of the state of Delaware, informs the public, that he has removed to Philadelphia, No 437, North Second-Street, where he will thankfully receive any applications for the use of his Patent Improvements on Mills, and the art of manufacturing Flour. He will furnish those who are not sufficiently acquainted with the principles of his improvements, with drawings and descriptions, that will enable them to erect all the different machines necessary to perform the operations of cleaning, grinding, bolting, and of bolting over the middlings or coarse meal, and grinding it over with the grain, so as to finish all together, thereby making the greatest quantity of superfine flour that the grain will produce at one operation. He has been at much expense in collecting the different and most approved constructions of mills and plans for bolting, and the quality, size, and manner of dressing the mill-stones, suitable to the power of the mill, and quality of the grain: and will assist in planning mills from the foundation, and make drawings thereof, if required. He has for sale, Bolting Cloths and Mill-Stones, of the first quality, at the lowest prices, which he will warrant. If the stones prove not good, they will be received again, and the cost of carriage paid. Those who apply for either stones or cloths, will please to mention the power of the mill, size of the bolting-reels, quality of the grain, and on what business it is to run. Orders by post, or otherwise, will be as punctually attended to as if the parties were present.
Philadelphia, April 13. 12w3w
Stock Brokers Office,
No. 16, Wall-street, New-York.
THE Subscriber intending to confine himself entirely to the PURCHASE & SALE OF STOCKS ON COMMISSION, begs leave to offer his services to his friends and others, in the line of a Stock Broker. Those who may please to favor him with their business, may depend upon having it transacted with the utmost fidelity and dispatch.
Orders from Philadelphia, Boston, or any other part of the United States, will be strictly attended to.
(L.S.) LEONARD BLECKER.
TO BE SOLD, An noted covering Horse, OF THE HUNTING BREED.
HE was imported from England in November, seventeen hundred and eighty-six, and is now ten years old; he is a bright bay, with a blaze, fifteen hands one inch high, is well formed, has a great deal of bone and strength, and his action equal to any horse. His colts are well approved of in the different parts of the State where he has stood, of which any person inclined to purchase can inform themselves.—Enquire of the Printer.
February 18, 1793. 8t
Just published, By THOMAS DOBSON, At the Stone House, No. 41, South Second-Street,
A CASE,
Decided in the SUPREME COURT of the UNITED STATES, in which is discussed the Question, WHETHER A STATE IS LIABLE TO BE SUED BY A PRIVATE CITIZEN OF ANOTHER STATE? Price Half a Dollar.
Vinall's Arithmetic.
THE Second Edition of this work, with improvements, will speedily be put to press.
The rapid sale of the first edition*, greatly beyond the author's most sanguine expectations, encourages him to print a second edition. He intends to have it printed upon much better paper than the former, and with a new type.
Those Booksellers who wish to take a number of copies in sheets, are requested to apply to the author for particulars.
* 1000 Copies. At a meeting of the SCHOOL COMMITTEE, February 5th, 1793.
The Committee, appointed to examine "The Preceptor's Assistant, or Student's Guide," being a systematical treatise of Arithmetic, by JOHN VINALL, teacher of the Mathematics & Writing, in Bolton, reported, that they have attended that service, and are of opinion, that the work is executed with judgment, and is as well calculated for the use of schools, counting houses, and private families, as any of the same compass that has hitherto been offered to the public.
VOTED, That the above report be accepted, and that Mr. VINALL be furnished with a copy of it, whenever he shall desire it.
Copy of the Records. Attest, CHARLES BULFINCH, Sec'y.
The following character of the above work, is given in the Review of the Massachusetts Magazine, for Jan. 1793:
"This is a very useful work, and is no ill proof of the judgment and industry of the author. The rules are laid down with propriety, and the examples annexed are sufficient for their illustration. One part of the work deserves particular commendation. We mean that which the author titles "Mercantile Arithmetic." It occupies a considerable portion of his book, but not more than its importance will justify. We would recommend to the young Arithmetician to pay a particular attention to this branch. He will find its principles well explained. And should he make himself master of them, he will always have reason to acknowledge his obligation to the judicious and laborious author. We cannot but congratulate the rising generation on account of the many useful productions which have lately appeared; and in which their improvement has been principally consulted. Among those productions we must place this treatise of Arithmetic. We should be wanting in justice to the author, should we not acknowledge that his work is in reality that which its title imports—THE PRECEPTOR'S ASSISTANT, or STUDENT'S GUIDE."
Boston, Feb. 13. I. C. A. A. A. S.
POST-ROAD TO THE GENESEE COUNTRY.
THE public are hereby informed, that the Post-Road from Philadelphia to Reading, is continued to Sunbury and Northumberland; thence up the West Branch of the Susquehanna as far as Lichomimg; thence to the Painted Post (in New-York State, near the forks of the Tioga) thence to Bath (a town laid out on the Cohocton Branch of the Tioga) thence to Williamsburg, at the forks of Genesee River.
Letters for this new route will be sent from the Philadelphia Post-Office, every Wednesday morning, at eight o'clock, with the mail for Reading.
A weekly mail will also be carried from Bethlehem to Wilkesbarre, in the county of Luzerne.
General Post-Office, April 6, 1793.
ADVERTISEMENT.
WHEREAS A BRIDGE is to be built over Raritan River, at the city of New-Brunswick, in the state of New-Jersey—to accomplish which, will require the service of many carpenters and masons of experience; Notice is therefore hereby given, that any person or persons inclined to undertake the whole, or any part thereof, by applying to the subscribers, on or before the first day of May next, may have an opportunity of contracting for the same.
JOHN BAYARD, JACOB HARDENBURGH, JOHN DENNIS, Sen.
Brunswick, March 24th. ep3w
Morse's Geography,
Revised, corrected, and greatly enlarged, with many additional Maps, well engraved.
In a few weeks will be published, By THOMAS and ANDREWS, Faulk's Statue, No. 45. Newbury-Street, Boston, In Two Volumes, large Octavo.
A NEW Edition of the AMERICAN GEOGRAPHY: Being the largest and the best system of GEOGRAPHY ever published: Or a complete GEOGRAPHY of the WORLD, brought down to the present time.
IN TWO PARTS.
The General Contents are—
PART I.—Of Astronomy, as connected with, and introductory to the science of Geography: under this head will be given an account of the several astronomical systems of the World, and a particular description of the true one. A table of the diameters, periods, &c. of the several Planets in the solar system—an account of the Comets and fixed stars.
Of GEOGRAPHY—its use and progress—figure, magnitude and motion of the Earth—Doctrine of the Sphere—Geographical circles—Divisions of the Earth into zones and climates—methods of finding the latitude and longitude of places from celestial observations—Globe, and their use—with a number of the most useful and entertaining Geographical Problems and Theorems—Maps, and their use—powers of the sun and cold—theory of the winds and tides—length of miles in different countries—natural divisions of the Earth—account of the origin of new file, &c.
AMERICA—Its discovery by Columbus—general description of the Continent, in which is a lengthy discussion of the question, When, whence, and by whom, was America first peopled? With a long and entertaining account of the Indians, and the late discoveries on the north-west coast, &c.—NORTH AMERICA—chronological account of its discovery and settlements, its divisions—DANISH AMERICA, BRITISH AMERICA, UNITED STATES OF AMERICA—general description of them, including a history of the late war, and many other useful and entertaining matters. SOUTH AMERICA—its divisions, particular description of its several provinces and countries. WEST INDIA ISLANDS, &c
* * This part of the work will be illustrated by maps of the countries described, from the correctest copies.
PART II.—Containing every thing essential which is contained in the best and latest quarto edition of Guthrie's and other British Geographies, with selections from celebrated navigators, travellers and respectable authors of other nations, &c.
Of EUROPE in general—its grand divisions, particular geographical descriptions of its several Kingdoms and Republics, &c. Of ASIA—its situation, boundaries, general history, particular descriptions of its several divisions, &c. Of AFRICA—its general history, boundaries, grand divisions, &c. Also, new discoveries, Terra Incognita, Geographical Table, alphabetically arranged—Chronological Table of remarkable events, discoveries and inventions, list of men of learning and genius, with other useful miscellany.
* * This part will also be illustrated with maps of the countries described.
TO THE PUBLIC.
THE Author is sensible that the first edition of his American Geography (which makes Part I. of the above work) was in many instances defective, in others erroneous, and in some offensive. It has been his endeavour, as it was his desire, in the present edition, to supply the deficiencies, correct the errors, and inchoate the offensive parts of the last. To assist him in this business, he has received many valuable communications from the heads of departments in the general government, and from gentlemen of respectability in the several states. The description of foreign countries (which composes Part II. of the above work) has been carefully compiled from the most approved writers on Geography, and useful information introduced from the discoveries of the latest Navigators, Travellers, and respectable authors. Indeed, no pains nor expense have been spared to render this work the most complete, accurate, and useful of any ever offered to the public.
The price of this Gazette is Three Dollars per annum—One half to be paid at the time of subscribing.