Gazette of the United-States. (New-York [N.Y.]), 1790-09-01 00:00:00

John Rogers Esq r  [-577-]  Gazette of the United States.
PUBLISHED WEDNESDAYS AND SATURDAYS BY JOHN FENNO, No. 41, BROAD-STREET, NEAR THE EXCHANGE, NEW-YORK.
[No. 41, of VOL. II.]
WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 1, 1790.
[WHOLE No. 145.]
PHILOSOPHICAL REFLECTIONS ON THE LATE REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, &c. CONTINUATION.
THUS the splendor of aristocracy was diffused to the widest extent in France, was protracted through every gradation of society, and threw a brilliancy over their domestic manners. The sovereign disposed of the whole national revenue, and disposed of it with the most judicious liberality. Those who were incapable of assisting themselves,—those who could no longer afford the indulgence of fashionable expence,—those who disdained to tarnish the lustre of their birth by the sordid acquisition of commercial gain,—still enjoyed every luxury of life, by the condescending kindness of royal beneficence. A million and a half (almost the twelfth of the whole product of national taxation) was graciously bestowed, with unbounded generosity, on a superb and gallant race of nobles. As this mine of regal munificence was exhaustless, Paris and Versailles were crowded by men of shining accomplishments, who, with passionate anxiety, longed to recommend themselves at court. But it was neither by the arrogance of self-assumed merit, nor the revolting pride of parts, that their hopes were to be realized, and their wishes gratified. Where the fascinating influence, discriminating taste, and decisive power of the fair sex prevailed, their favourites rose to fame and fortune, by the acquisition of those artificial embellishments, and by that exquisite polish, which the salt fin of Versailles could alone appreciate. No envoy was appointed to a foreign court who could not trace the complicated figure of a minuet with graceful precision. The dignified credentials of an ambassador were often granted for the composition of a chanson amoureuse ; and de pincer la harpe avec gout , or to possess the happy art de bien tourner son compliment , has frequently raised an officer to the command of an army, or a clerk in office to preside over the marine of France. War or peace depended on the charming caprice, on the smile or frown of this enchanting gynocracy; and the beaux yeux of the reigning Sultana often set the world in a blaze.
The saucy indiscretion of ill-bred authors was likewise instantly corrected, and an instructive hint conveyed to them in the polite style of a lettre de cachet .—Diderot was treated with this flattering mark of attention by Madame de Pompadour, and sent to apartments provided for him by the King at Vincennes, for presuming to criticise the composition and execution of a favorite court fiddler, without being himself a connoisseur in music. Rousseau, with his accustomed misanthropy, presented a memoire , soliciting the enlargement of his friend, or requesting, to share his prison. Both these favours were, with great propriety, refused him; yet he ungratefully exercised his cynical declamation, on not being indulged in either alternative.
But, alas! the whole of this sublime and beautiful system is deranged. The very dregs of the people have fatally discovered that nobles, princes, and even kings, are formed of the same clay with themselves, and owe their elevation and grandeur only to the accidental circumstances of birth and fortune. It has been well observed, that truth should not be told at all times; and surely a truth of this dangerous tendency should ever be concealed from the vulgar; for contempt often begins with them when admiration ceases. They were happy and contented when they looked up to the great ones of the earth, as beings of a superior order; but the pleasing delusion from whence they enjoyed so much felicity will quickly vanish; the transient splendor of a terrestrial meteor would no longer excite their wonder and astonishment, if they did not trace its origin to the heavens, and mistake it for a falling star.
I am confirmed in the justice of these sentiments by the philosophical observations of Mr. Necker, who describes, with sympathetic delight, the happiness of the French peasantry before the late political revolution. "They behold," says he, "the ostentatious display of ranks with the coolest indifference; grandeur is so remote from their habitual ideas, that they accustom themselves to look upon it as the attribute of a few beings of a species different from their's; and as they return home to their cottages, under the pressure of a burthen they can scarcely bear, they see those fiery couriers, who rapidly whirl the magnificent chariots of the rich and noble, close by them, and
view them with the same indifference as they contemplate those wandering planets over their heads whose twinkling motion they just discern." But this beautiful Arcadian landscape will quickly vanish; the serenity of their present enjoyments will speedily be disturbed; their political consequence in elections will excite new and aspiring ideas, and soon transform this humble, contented, submissive peasantry, into a bold, turbulent, factious yeomanry; those magnificent chariots and fiery couriers will stop at their doors, and the rich and great will condescendingly alight to solicit their votes; they will be tempted, by long leases and low rents, to lead a life of ease, anxiety and labor, in the cultivation of their farms. The taille , that excellent tax, so admirably calculated to maintain the splendor and dignity of the noblesse, and keep their tenantry in a comfortable state of degradation, will be abolished for ever. They will spurn their vegetable meal, and insolently, perhaps, aspire to realize the unkingly wish of Henri quatre , whose statue is still contemptuously exhibited on the Pont Neuf , as a monument of his folly:—"That he hoped to see the time when every peasant in France should eat flesh meat once a day, and have a boiled fowl for his Sunday's dinner."
The more I consider this important subject, the political evils that menace our country, from the fatal revolution in France, become more apparent. I shall adduce one striking instance by which our revenue and manufactures may be ruined. The commutation act is now a favorite one, as it fairly and impartially compels every man to pay an additional window tax, in order to reduce the price of tea: If he does not choose to drink it, he has no reason to complain, as it is his own fault. Perhaps it will be suggested at some moment of popular phrensy, that the commutation act is a badge of slavery; for when this measure was first proposed, it was compared in debate to the gabelle , a similar sort of impost on salt, which long prevailed in France, and has lately been abolished by the National Assembly. Mr. Fox, tho' he owned the justness of the remark, factiously preferred the mild spirit of French taxation; asserting, "that there was no degree of comparison, on the plea of necessity, between the use of salt and tea.—The latter was clearly a luxury, and no ways conducive to health; perhaps far otherwise, as many had thought. Salt, on the contrary, was a necessary; and therefore it was far less oppressive to oblige the subjects of France to purchase as much salt as it was supposed a person of any given description in life would have occasion for." These words may be maliciously repeated, to excite sedition and disloyalty in the minds of the people, and induce them to insist on the repeal of a most equitable and impartial tax. What must be the consequence? The flourishing state of the East-India Company would no longer excite Mr. Crawford's admiration; bankruptcy must ensue; public credit would be shaken; the rapid reduction of the national debt would cease, and we should no longer be charmed by the accuracy of calculation and elegance of composition so eminently displayed in that annual oration, (the India budget) which shews forth the merit, and celebrates the praise, of the President and Members of the Board of Control.
The dangerous proximity of the two countries also makes me tremble.—Our manufactures, on any wise judicious extension of the excise laws, tempted to migrate to France, instead of doubling their industry and sharpening their ingenuity here, both to pay the tax and evade the law. Now as our experienced and enlightened ministers have candidly declared, that all our future resources of revenue, all our hopes of a permanent flourishing finance, must be derived from an extension of our excise laws, and their application to our manufactures, we may be reduced to the melancholy alternative of choosing either to be ruined by enforcing, or abandoning, this salutary system. The threats and audacious conduct of the tobacconists at this moment, implicitly directed by the factious advice of an able, active, and dangerous leader in the house of commons, furnish too lamentable a proof of the facility with which our fraudulent smuggling traders (most of whom are dissenters) may be induced to spurn at the laws of their country, elude the wisdom of its acts; and, with unparalleled impudence, to combat and oppose the opinion both of the minister and his secretary.
(To be continued.)
LAWS OF THE UNITED STATES. PUBLISHED
By Authority.
CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES: AT THE SECOND SESSION.
Begun and held at the City of New-York, on Monday the fourth of January, one thousand seven hundred and ninety.
An ACT to alter the times for holding the Circuit Courts of the United States in the Districts of South-Carolina and Georgia, and providing that the District Court of Pennsylvania, shall in future be held at the city of Philadelphia only.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the circuit courts of the United States in the districts of South-Carolina and Georgia, shall for the future be held as follows, to wit: In the district of South-Carolina on the twenty-fifth day of October next, at Charleston, and in each succeeding year at Columbia, on the twelve day of May, and in Charleston on the twenty-fifth day of October; in the district of Georgia on the fifteenth day of October next, at Augusta, and in each succeeding year at Savannah, on the twenty-fifth day of April, and at Augusta on the fifteenth day of October; except when any of those days shall happen to be Sunday, in which case the court shall be held on the Monday following. And all process that was returnable under the former law at Charleston, on the first day of October next, and at Augusta on the seventeenth day of October, shall now be deemed returnable respectively at Charleston on the twenty-fifth day of October next, and at Augusta on the fifteenth day of October next; any thing in the former law to the contrary notwithstanding.
And be it further enacted, That so much of the act, intitled, "An act to establish the judicial courts of the United States," as directs that the district court for the district of Pennsylvania shall be held at York-town in the said state, be repealed; and that in future the district court for Pennsylvania be held in the city of Philadelphia.
FREDERICK AUGUSTUS MUHLENBERG, Speaker of the House of Representatives. JOHN ADAMS, Vice-President of the United States, and President of the Senate.
APPROVED, AUGUST THE ELEVENTH, 1790. GEORGE WASHINGTON, President of the United States. (TRUE COPY)
THOMAS JEFFERSON, Secretary of State.
EXTRACT from the EULOGIUM on the late Dr. CULLEN.
By his pupil, Dr. BENJAMIN RUSH, of Philadelphia.
"Dr. CULLEN is now no more.—What a blank has been produced by his death in the great volume of science! Behold, the genius of humanity weeping at his feet, while the genius of medicine lifts up the key, which fell from his hand with his last breath, and with inexpressible concern cries out "to whom shall I give this instrument? Who now will unlock for me the treasures of universal nature?"
"I repeat it again—Dr. CULLEN is no more:—No more, I mean a pillar and ornament of an ancient seat of science—no more the delight and admiration of his pupils—no more the luminary of medicine to half the globe—no more the friend and benefactor of mankind. But I would as soon believe, that our solar system was created only to amuse and perish like a rocket, as believe that a mind endowed with such immense powers of action and contemplation had ceased to exist. Reason bids us hope that he yet lives; and revelation enables us to say with certainty and confidence that he yet lives. Fain would I lift the curtain which separates eternity from time, and inquire what are now his studies and employments? But it is not for mortals to pry into the secrets of the invisible world."
BOSTON, August 25.
Mr. Jacob Isaacks, of Newport, has made such further improvements in extracting fresh water from ocean water, as to take nine and one half parts of fresh water from ten of ocean water, so as to answer for land or sea for all the common and culinary purposes of fountain or river water. Mr. Isaacks presented a bottle of water extracted by him to the President of the United States, on his late visit at Newport, who was pleased to express himself highly satisfied therewith.
Two young Men are committed to Jail in Portland upon a complaint against them for having wilfully burned in the night time, the dwelling-house of William Widgery, Esq of New Gloucester.

DISCOURSES ON DAVILA.
No. XIX.
Mais l'un et l'autre Guise ont eu moins de scrupule. Ces chefs ambitieux d'un peuple trop crédule, Couvrant leurs intérêts de l'intérêt des cieux Ont conduit dans le piège un peuple furieux.
THE eloquence and authority of Coligni, prevailed with the others to embrace the party of the Calvinists, to whose doctrines, were secretly devoted several of the noblemen then present in the assembly. The common voice was in favor of this advice, which affording hopes, as near accomplishment, and better founded, diverted them from taking arms of a sudden, and concealed for sometime, the view of dangers, to which the most determined do not expose themselves, but in the last extremity.
After Martin Luther had introduced into Germany, the liberty of thinking in matters of religion, and erected the standard of reformation; John Calvin, a native of Noyon, in Picardy, of a vast genius, singular eloquence, various erudition and polished taste, embraced the cause of reformation. In the books which he published, and in the discourses which he held, in several cities of France, he proposed one hundred and twenty eight articles, in opposition to the Creed of the Roman Catholic Church. These opinions were soon embraced with ardor and maintained with obstinacy, by a great number of persons of all conditions. The asylum and the center of this new sect, was Geneva, a city situated on the lake anciently called Lemanus, on the frontiers of Savoy, which had shaken off the yoke of its Bishops and the Dukes of Savoy, and erected itself into a republic, under the title of a free city, for the sake of liberty of conscience. From this city proceeded printed books, and men distinguished for their wit and eloquence, who spreading themselves in the neighbouring provinces, there sowed in secret the seeds of their doctrine. Almost all the cities and provinces of France began to be enlightened by it. It began to introduce itself into the kingdom, under Francis II. in opposition to all the vigorous resolutions which he took to suppress it. Henry II. ordained, with inexorable severity, the punishment of death against all who should be convicted of Calvinism. The Cardinal of Lorrain, was the high priest, and the proud tyrant, who counselled and stimulated the King, to those cruelties and persecutions, which, by shedding the blood of all the advocates of civil liberty, might have wholly suppressed it, if the unexpected death of Henry II. which the Calvinists regarded as a miracle wrought in their favor, had not occasioned some relaxation under Francis II. The Duke of Guise and the Cardinal of Lorrain, persisted in their bloody persecuting resolutions; but they did not find in the Parliament, nor in the other magistrates, the same promptitude to execute the orders which they gave in the name of the King.
Theodore Beza, a disciple of Calvin, celebrated for his eloquence and erudition, had already converted several persons of both sexes, and of the first nobility of the kingdom: and it was no longer in stables and cellars that the Calvinists held their assemblies, and preached their sermons, but in the houses of gentlemen, and in the palaces of the great. The people called them Huguenots, or Aignossens. Confederates. The Admiral Coligni and several other noblemen, had indeed embraced the new doctrine as it was called: but the Calvinists, restrained by the fear of punishment, still held their assemblies in secret, and the great dared not declare openly for them.
The Bourbons, finding France in a condition so favorable to their present interests, embraced greedily the proposition of Coligni, and they deputed Dandelot and the Vidame de Chartres to negotiate this affair with the Calvinists. These able agents, who had both embraced Calvinism, easily found a multitude of persons disposed to communicate to others the project in contemplation, and to make the necessary preparations for its execution. The Calvinists agitated without interruption by the terror of dangers and punishments, served them with so much promptitude and concert, that they placed things in a train, in a short time to succeed.
To be continued.
OXFORD, June 11.
ON Friday last, at 10 o'clock at night, Dr. Beddoes, Mr. Edwards, a commoner of Pembroke College, and Mr. Sadler, the famous English aerostatist (which latter gentleman invented a very simple and excellent apparatus, with which gas may be collected with the greatest ease and expedition) sent up a balloon from Pembroke College garden, filled with hydrogen gas from marshes, to represent and account for the production of meteors, which it did in a very satisfactory and pleasing manner. When the balloon had gained a certain height it suddenly caught fire; after it was consumed, the air with which it was filled still retained its globular form, and continued rolling about at a great height, for a considerable time, and gave such an amazing light, as almost to resemble the sun.
LONDON, June 21.
The preparations made in Sweden for keeping a fleet in constant readiness for sea, exceed those of any other country in Europe. At Carlescroon they have begun to hew out of the solid rock thirty docks, in which twenty sail of the line and thirty frigates will be entirely rescued from the weather, while their stores and ammunition remain in galleries, between each dock, in such readiness, that they may be conveyed on board in 24 hours.
General Schoenfeldt is proclaimed Military Dictator of the Belgic Provinces; and he exercises his authority with great severity. He lately shot two of his officers with his own hand, alledging they were traytors, at the same time, he caused thirty soldiers, who fled in the engagement to be hanged.
These rigid measures will restore discipline, or cause a general revolt; it is difficult to say which.
The King, and the royal family of France, it is determined, shall assist at the ceremony of the confederation on the 13th of July next. His Majesty is to head a deputation of sixty. The ceremony is to take place on the Champs de Mars—the field of Mars.
A few days ago, the following melancholy accident happened: A young gentleman, who was the next day to have been married to an amiable young lady, the daughter of a tradesman in the city, in a playful moment, pulled the chair away as she was going to sit down, in consequence of which she fell with her head upon the fender, and fractured her skull, and died in two hours afterwards. The gentleman has been ever since in a state of insanity.
PEACE BETWEEN THE KING OF HUNGARY AND THE KING OF PRUSSIA.
Private letters from Berlin announce the conclusion of peace between these two Kings. It is strongly suspected that the King of Prussia has been prevailed upon by the king of Hungary to forget all animosities, and to join his forces to those of Austria, with a view to effect a counter revolution in France, and prevent the further progress of liberty in Europe.
France will undoubtedly strike the moment England is engaged, no matter with what power, were it even the states of Barbary. The King will be desirous of a war, the Ministers to a man will leave no stone unturned to engage the nation, and their having neither voice nor party in the assembly, will not be the least check upon the measures they will take to make every necessary preparation.
The French in general say the English will be out negotiated: Spain, say they, is determined upon a war, and her present aim is to get her fleet into safety before hostilities begin.
TO THE PRINTER:
SIR,—As the season is now approaching, in which children in general are very much troubled with worms, owing to their eating too much fruit, or from other causes, I send you the following recipe, which I have known to be a sovereign remedy.
Recipe for the worms:—
Boil a little wormwood or tansy in water, strain it of, and add a table-spoon of beast gall, and a little sweet oil or butter.—To be given by way of clyster every other day.
PHILADELPHIA, August 27.
The frequenters of the Café Procope , the famous literary coffee house at Paris, have lately distinguished themselves in an extraordinary manner in expressing their veneration for the character of the late Dr. B. Franklin, and their sorrow for his death.
The club of the friends of the revolution who meet there, got a bust of him erected, and had it surrounded with cypress; and on Monday the 14th June, the chandeliers were covered with crape, the great club room hung with black, and on the door were inscribed these words;— Franklin est mort , [Franklin is dead,] various emblematical representations of his genius and his works were painted. Around at the lower end of the room, his bust, crowned with wreaths of oak, was placed on a column, a under it the word— Vir , [a man;] on each side were placed spheres, maps, cypress leaves, &c. and beneath a serpent gnawing its tail—a symbol of immortality. And on the 15th the club distributed food to the poor, in honor of the memory of the great American Patriot, Legislator and Philosopher.
BURLINGTON, August 24.
On Monday the 17th instant, departed this life, in the 45th year of his age, the Honorable David Brearley, Esq; Judge of the New Jersey district. He sustained his last illness with that fortitude and resignation, which evince the good man in the hour of death. Ever remarkable for gentleness of manners, humanity and probity, he conciliated the affection, friendship, and confidence of all who knew him. Firmly attached to the liberties of America, and a strenuous assertor of her independency, he very early took a decided part in the late contest, and was four years engaged in her service, as a Lieutenant Colonel in the field—from whence he was taken, and presi-
ded in the Supreme Court of New Jersey as Chief Justice for ten years. The several appointments conferred on him by Congress and his native state, he faithfully and impartially discharged, with honor to himself, and the approbation of the public.
The unavailing sorrow of his widow, and seven children, and the sighs of his friends and neighbours, particularly the poor, will remain the best and most lasting monuments of his character in private life.
Being grand master of masons in New Jersey, his remains were interred in Trenton, in masonic form, and the ceremonies peculiar to the Ancient Craft, attended by the largest and most respectable collection of masons and citizens ever known there on the like occasion.
STOCKBRIDGE, August 24.
PROGRESS OF MANUFACTURES.
Mr. Moses Barnum, of this town, has, since the month of August, 1789—fulled no less than five thousand three hundred and ten yards of cloth—and of thin cloth, dressed three thousand two hundred—in all, eight thousand five hundred and ten yards.—The foregoing affords a pleasing specimen of the progress of manufactures in this part of the country.
MELANCHOLY ACCIDENTS.
On Friday last, in the afternoon, a young woman, by the name of Eunice Seward , aged about 18 years, crossed the river in a small canoe, just above a place known by the name of Hare's Mills , in this town, together with her brother, who on reaching the other side stepped out of the boat, and the young woman, rather imprudently set off alone to recross the river, but the current running very rapidly, the boat drifted down the river, and immediately went over the dam, and overset; the young woman was drowned:—Diligent search was made for the body which was not found till the next morning, about thirty rods from the mill.
On Wednesday last, at Dalton, a daughter of Capt. Park , about 11 years old, passing over the Housatonic , alias Stratford river, on a large log, which served as a footbridge, being taken giddy, fell into the stream, and floated down several rods, then gained her feet and stood several minutes, begging for assistance from the children on shore; in attempting to move towards shore, the stream being very rapid, she could not stand, but fell, and floated down a considerable way, went under some logs which lay partly in the river, and was drowned. She was found and taken up in less than an hour; a Doctor happened to be present—every attempt was made to revive her, but it proved fruitless.
NEW-YORK, Sept. 1.
European Advices by the Ceres , Capt. Angus , arrived at Philadelphia.
The Poles have agreed to the passage of the Prussian troops thro that kingdom to Silesia: The Empress begins to discover a pacific disposition towards the Porte: She has lately interdicted the circulation of newspapers, and political pamphlets in her dominions—“but the wind bloweth where it listeth”—and even the very stones will cry out in the cause of liberty.
Lieut. Gen. Solano is commander of the Spanish fleet: The Court of Spain was to give a definitive answer to Great-Britain the 11 June: The patriots of Brabant have fortified their camp at Andois, and are recovered from the panick occasioned by their late defeat—a body of Austrians who attacked the out posts were defeated: The Turkish soldiers receive a ducat for the head of every christian soldier they kill: Marshal Prince Potemkin has been suddenly recalled from his command of the Prussian army, by the Empress: The King of Sweden, in the late action with the Russian fleet of gallies, besides 38 vessels taken, sunk 10 gun boats, destroyed the dock-yards at Fredericksham, and burnt 40 gun boats, and 50 transports with provisions: Accounts from Brussels announce a very extraordinary spirit among the people to support the revolution, and compleat their emancipation from the house of Austria: Impresssing seamen continues in Great-Britain and Ireland—the squadron at Spithead, the 21 June, ready for sea, consisted of 21 sail of the line: The new Emperor of Morocco has lately put to death the Vice-Consul of Spain, with circumstances of diabolical cruelty: In addition to this, he has, it is said, made the Jews in his dominions the victims of his rapacity, by giving up their property to the pillage of the soldiery. He is said to have commenced his reign with great moderation, compared to the conduct of his immediate predecessor! The King of Prussia left Berlin the 10 June to join his grand army in Silesia. The English papers say, that France is in as distracted a situation at present, as at any period since the commencement of the revolution: Other accounts speak in encouraging terms of their fast approaching to the time, when their government will defy the assaults of internal fraud, or external violence.
In the National Assembly it has been decreed. That on all public occasions their President should walk on the right hand of the King. The Parliament being dissolved, the English newspapers abound with electioneering addresses and speculations.

FOR THE GAZETTE OF THE UNITED STATES.
ADDRESS TO THE PUBLIC CREDITORS. BY A FRIEND.
IT is probable that many of you are not sufficiently apprised of the advantages of your own situation, and that for want of judging rightly of it, and of your future prospects, you may be tempted to part with your securities much below their true value, and considerably below what it is probable they will sell for in eight or nine months from this time.
To guard you against an unnecessary sacrifice of your interests by a precipitate sale, I will now state to you, in a plain and concise way, what has been done for you in the course of the last session of Congress, and what you may reasonably expect.
Effectual provision has been made for actually paying you six per cent. yearly, on two thirds of the principal of your debt, that is, 4 per cent. on the whole amount of your principal. And at the end of ten years you are to receive six per cent. yearly more on the whole of your principal, that is, two per cent. more on the whole of your principal. And like effectual provision has been made, for actually paying you three per cent. yearly on whatever arrears of interest may be due to you on your principal. For this interest you are not even to wait to the end of a year, but you are to receive it, in quarter-yearly payments, that is to say, one fourth part at the end of every three months; and it is to be paid to you not in new certificates, or paper money, but in actual gold and silver. To secure this to you, the duties which have been laid on goods imported, and on the tonnage of ships or vessels, (and which there is every reason from the experience we have had, to believe will be sufficient) are absolutely mortgaged to you till the whole of your debt is discharged. You will not have to depend, as under most of the State governments, upon a provision from year to year, with an entire uncertainty whether it would be continued, and with many examples of ticklishness and change; but you will have to depend on a permanent provision made once for all, for the sacredness of which, the faith, not of a single state, but of all the states is solemnly bound to you, and which cannot be undone or altered, without the concurrence of three different branches of the government—the house of Representatives, the Senate and the President of the United States. It cannot be supposed that if one of the two branches of Congress should hereafter be disposed to do so disgraceful and ruinous a thing, as to repeal a law on which the credit of the government was at stake, that the other branch would be willing to concur in so pernicious a measure; or if both should be so unwise and dishonest, that the President of the United States would give his assent to it, or if he refused, that two thirds of both houses of Congress would be inclined to persist in spite of his disapprobation. Whoever considers the nature of our government, with discernment, will see, that tho' obstacles and delays will frequently stand in the way of the adoption of good measures, yet when once adopted, they are likely to be stable and permanent: It will be far more difficult to undo than to do.
To destroy your confidence in future, there are too many publications, which represent to you that Congress have by their late proceedings, violated their past engagements, and that you can place no greater reliance upon those they now make than those they have heretofore made. Whether representations like these proceed from a sincere opinion in persons, who have not accurately considered the matter, or from those who wish to depreciate the government, or from those who wish to buy securities cheap, or from all these descriptions of persons, I cannot say; but from whatever source they proceed they are certainly not candid nor just.
Congress it is true submit to your consideration some alterations in the nature of your claims upon the government, for certain equivalents, which they hold out to you, and of which you are to judge. A principal object they have in doing this is to obtain a suspension of the payment of one third of the interest, to which you are entitled, for ten years, in order to avoid the necessity of burdening the community, or carrying taxation to objects which might be displeasing to them. And you cannot wonder that a government, so lately formed, and not without considerable opposition, should be cautious in this respect.
But whether you will accept the terms offered to you is certainly left to your own choice. There is not a syllable in the law that obliges you to do it. On the contrary, there is in it an express ratification of your former contracts; and to remove all possibility of future cavil about the true import or obligation, all questions of discrimination and the like, new titles are offered to you, of the like import in substance with your old ones. And your rights are thus established, and their meaning defined, so as to render their future operation under the sanction of the constitution, unequivocal. They are not only not violated, but it possible they have received additional strength, and have become still more inviolable.
So far is there from being any thing compulsory in the acts of the government in the case, that those of you, who do not choose to subscribe to the new terms, are to receive during the time allotted for determining upon them, exactly as much as those who do subscribe. And the faith of the government remains pledged to you to fulfil its engagements, which must be performed, as fast as its resources can be brought into action for the purpose. Your only security before the late arrangement was the faith of government: There were no funds pledged to you which have been taken away: You have still the faith of government upon a renewed assurance as your pledge, and while you are deliberating on the new proposals, you are to receive a payment on account.
You are therefore to decide according to your own judgment, whether an acceptance of the new terms, under all their circumstances, are preferable or not to a dependence on the future resources of the country for more. This is a question of prudent calculation, which you are at liberty to determine as you please.
Whence it is evident that whatever other objections may be against the propriety of the provision which has been made for the public debt, the charge of a breach of conduct is not well founded. The better to form a comparison between the terms proposed and those of your former contract, it may be well to recollect that the latter will be satisfied by a provision, annually made, for paying you six per cent. Whatever the policy of the government may hereafter dictate, there is nothing in the existing contract that calls for a permanent appropriation of funds. Such a permanent appropriation, however, forms a part of the new loans, and will be of the essence of the new contract.
These remarks are intended to satisfy you, that there is no cause, from any thing that has happened for a diminution, but on the contrary much reason for an increase of your confidence in the property you possess, as holders of the public debt.
I return to the subject of the value of your securities: Their present price, if compared with that at which they were current before the establishment of the new constitution, will be deemed to be high, and is as great as at this time could reasonably have been expected; but compared with their true value, and the solidity of the footing on which they stand, is still far too low. The rise which has already taken place is an earnest to you of their probable future rise: Such of you who do not incline to be permanent holders, will at least do well to postpone a sale till after March, when the first payment of interest is to be made. The effect of this on the price of securities must undoubtedly be very favorable, and you may then calculate on a better market.
The holders of State securities have still stronger reasons for keeping those they have, the price of which, in most of the states, is out of all proportion lower than that of the present securities of the United States, and must in all probability undergo a considerable change for the better, as soon as funds are actually appropriated for them, which is not now the case, but which must of course be so at the ensuing session in December. The present debt
of the United States having been provided for out of the duties on imports and tonnage only, seems to leave no doubt of the facility of devising the means of providing for the amount which has been assumed at the State debts.
NEW-YORK, SEPTEMBER 1.
THE PRESIDENT'S DEPARTURE.
On Saturday last his Excellency the Governor, and the Mayor and Aldermen of the city, dined with the President of the United States—The President informed the gentlemen of his intention to visit Mount Vernon—and that he should leave the city on the Monday following—he expressed the deep sense he had of the respectful attention which the corporation in particular, and the citizens in general had shewn him personally, and as first magistrate of the United States—and added that it was with the utmost regret that he should quit a residence which had been rendered so agreeable to him—Mrs. Washington appeared greatly affected on the occasion.
On Monday at ten o'clock A. M. the President of the United States, his Lady, and suite departed from this city—they embarked at Mr. McCombs wharf in the President's barge and crossed the north river to Powles' Hook—the Governor—the Chief Justice and executive officers of the United States—the corporation of the city—gentlemen of the clergy—the officers of the militia—and a number of other respectable citizens, attended by the sheriff, marshals and constables accompanied the President to the place of embarkation—where they took a solemn and affecting adieu.—The Governor, the Chief Justice, the Secretary at War, and Secretary of the Treasury embarked with the President.—The Custom house barge, in which was a number of the officers of the customs, accompanied the President's barge to Powles' Hook.
At the moment of embarkation a federal salute was fired from the battery.
By the particular request of the President, the gentlemen of the corporation had not given public notice of his intended departure on Monday; which prevented so general an attendance of the citizens as would have been desirous of paying him their respects on this interesting occasion.
The Hon. M. DONOUGH, his Britannic Majesty's Consul for the State of Massachusetts, is arrived at Boston, in the ship Marietta, Capt. Sargent.
Much is said of the present enlightened period of the world—but when we see our fellow men led by thousands to the field of slaughter—or cooped up in floating boxes to be shot at, merely to gratify the ambition or caprice of the despots of the earth—we must exclaim—that however improved is the present condition of humanity—man has much to learn.
"O despicable state of those that groan"— Beneath a life, they cannot call their own; To day the tranquil tenant of his farm, To-morrow in a despot's cause to arm; To day—peace, plenty blest his happy home, To-morrow call'd thro' distant climes to roam; Quit all that gave to life its zest before— Friends wife and children, to return no more.
One of the soundest strokes of policy—one of the most necessary measures of justice, is the Assumption of the State Debts—the arguments in favor of this great national object are incontrovertible, and rest upon a series of facts and statements, which never have been invalidated—nor has an attempt ever been made to lessen or obviate their force. See the masculine speech of the Hon. Mr. Gerry, on the subject—Yet, astonishing as it may appear, there are candidates for the suffrages of the free and enlightened citizens of the United States, who build their pretensions to favor, on their opposition to this righteous provision for suffering patriotism.
On the 20th ult. Capt. Samuel Cogswell, of Lanfingburgh, in this State, was out on a party at gunning—one of the company, directly behind Mr. Cogswell happened to stumble with his gun in his hand, which brought the muzzle in contact with Mr. Cogswell's neck, and the gun going off at that instant the whole charge entered and passed through his head; he expired in 15 minutes. By this fatal accident the public is deprived of a very valuable citizen, and his amiable widow and two children of a most affectionate husband and parent.
Impost and Tonnage at the port of Philadelphia from 1st January, 1790—to 30 June following.
Table with 2 columns: Impost, Tonnage. Values: 215,087 92, 14,783 3, Total 229,870 95.
The public were some time since informed in the Massachusetts Centinel, that a Bust of the President of the United States had been executed by Mr. Gullager of Boston, in Plaster of Paris; this statue, the first of the kind ever produced in the United States, is now in this city; several gentlemen of late have seen it, and it is pronounced a fine likeness of the illustrious personage it is intended to represent. A correspondent being informed that the object of the Artist is to dispose of this specimen of his abilities, cannot but wish he may receive an adequate compensation for his labor and ingenuity, especially as they have been so happily directed. We are informed that the statue is open for inspection at Mrs. Loring's, No. 4, Broad-Way, near the Bowling-Green.
NOTICE.
ALL persons having demands against the Household of the PRESIDENT of the United States, are requested to exhibit their accounts for settlement, at his late Dwelling in Broad-Way, before the 15th of September. August 31, 1790.
PRIZES
Table with 2 columns: Prize, Amount. Includes prizes of 2000, 1000, 500, 200, 100, 50, 20, 10, 5, 2, 1.
Prizes of 41. drawn on Wednesday the 25th ult.
Table with 10 columns: No., 1st Prize, 2nd Prize, 3rd Prize, 4th Prize, 5th Prize, 6th Prize, 7th Prize, 8th Prize, 9th Prize. Numbers range from 24 to 24994.
Table with 10 columns: No., 1st Prize, 2nd Prize, 3rd Prize, 4th Prize, 5th Prize, 6th Prize, 7th Prize, 8th Prize, 9th Prize. Numbers range from 61 to 79.
Table with 10 columns: No., 1st Prize, 2nd Prize, 3rd Prize, 4th Prize, 5th Prize, 6th Prize, 7th Prize, 8th Prize, 9th Prize. Numbers range from 79 to 24162.
PRICE CURRENT.—PUBLIC SECURITIES. FINAL SETTLEMENTS 12 1/2. INDENTS 7 1/2. STATE SECURITIES 8 1/2.

CONGRESS. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. SATURDAY, July 24.
Debate on the amendment of the Senate to the Funding Bill, to assume a part of the State Debts.
MR. GERRY.
(Concluded.)
THE gentleman, says the apportionment is partial, and I am so fully of this opinion, as it relates to Massachusetts, that nothing but a conviction of the necessity of closing with the Senate in this instance, to prevent the loss of the funding bill could reconcile me to the measure.
The gentleman has mentioned a speech of Governor Hancock, as holding up the idea that the debts of the States could not be assumed without their express authority. The speech, I confess, may admit of this construction, but it is expressed in such enigmatical terms as to admit of a different meaning.
It is said the federal convention having rejected the proposition for assuming debts, the power ought not to be exercised by Congress; but so far was the convention from doing this, that there was no opposition to the measure.
The gentleman supposes some States have not been critical in adjusting their accounts. Some of the States have been remarkably careful on this head, and sure I am that no State could be more so than Massachusetts.
The gentleman has mentioned a consolidation of the union as the result of the assumption, and supposes the authority of the State governments will be thus destroyed; he has also said that the friends to the State governments will be lost.
The gentleman says, when Congress in 1783, required an impost, it was understood that every State should pay her own debts, that Georgia had done what it could, and ought not to pay an iota more.
give up the continental certificates for which her State securities were issued, before these can be funded, it must appear the objections of the gentleman are unfounded.
It has on a former occasion been urged, that the accounts of the States should be settled before payments are made thereon; and have not the accounts to be assumed been long since settled, and the balances been ascertained that are due to the State creditors?
But, Sir, notwithstanding I am for closing with the Senate in this proposition with some amendment, yet the apportionment of the sum to be assumed, and many parts of the bill are so extremely objectionable as to gain my assent upon no other principle than that of accommodation;
THE TABLET.—No. 141.
"Men are of nothing so liberal as of their advice."
IF it be asked why men are so free in giving away advice, it may be answered, because it is generally of very little value.
Information is likewise a different thing from advice. A man, who has travelled a road I have not, can inform me what accommodations he met with, and give me such an idea of the country as could never be obtained by analogy or conjecture.
It furnishes a strong argument against the benefit of general advice, that our friends ask no compensation for it. A lawyer demands a recompense for all the counsel he professionally gives, and so does a physician.
friend, turned merchant, he found the want of industry and care did something worse than prevent his acquiring honor and profit.
TREASURY DEPARTMENT.
NOTICE is hereby given, that Proposals will be received at the office of the Secretary of the Treasury, to the first day of October next inclusive, for the supply of all rations, which may be required for the use of the United States, from the first day of January to the thirty first day of December 1791.
At any place or places, betwixt Yorktown in the state of Pennsylvania, and Fort Pitt and at Fort Pitt.
At any place or places, betwixt Fort Pitt and Fort M'Intosh, on the River Ohio, and at Fort M'Intosh.
At any place or places, betwixt Fort M'Intosh and the mouth of the River Muskingum, and at the mouth of the River Muskingum.
At any place or places, betwixt the mouth of the River Muskingum, and up the said River to the Tuscarawas, and at the Tuscarawas, and thence over to the Cayoga River, and down the said River to its mouth.
At any place or places, betwixt the mouth of the river Muskingum, and the mouth of the Scioto River, and at the mouth of the said River Scioto.
At any place or places, betwixt the mouth of Scioto River, and the mouth of the great Miami, and from thence to the Rapids, on the Falls of the Ohio, and at the said Rapids.
At any place or places, betwixt the mouth of the great Miami, up the said Miami, to and at Piquetown, and thence over to the Miami Village, on the river of the same name which empties into Lake Erie.
At any place or places from the rapids of the Ohio, to the mouth of the Wabash, thence up the said Wabash to Post St. Vincennes, at Post St. Vincennes, and thence up the said river Wabash, to the Miami Village, before described.
At any place or places, from the mouth of the Wabash river to the mouth of the river Ohio.
At any place or places, on the east side of the river Mississippi, from the mouth of the Ohio river, to the mouth of the Illinois river.
At any place or places, from the mouth of the Miami river to the Miami Village.
At any place or places, from the Miami Village to Sandusky, and at Sandusky, and from Sandusky to the mouth of Cayoga river.
At any place or places, betwixt Fort Pitt and Venango, and at Venango.
At any place or places, betwixt Venango and Le Beuf, and at Le Beuf betwixt Le Beuf and and Presq' Isle, at Presq' Isle, and betwixt Presq' Isle and the mouth of Cayoga river.
At the mouth of Cayoga river, and at any place or places, on the route from Fort Pitt, to the mouth of Cayoga river, by the way of Big Beaver creek.
At any place or places, on the east side of the Mississippi, between the mouth of the Ohio and the river Margot inclusively.
At any place or places, from the said river Margot, to the river Yazous inclusively.
At any place or places from the mouth of the river Tennessee, to Ocochoppo or Bear creek, on the said river inclusively.
Should any rations be required at any places, or within other districts, not specified in these proposals, the price of the same to be hereafter agreed on, betwixt the public and the contractor.
The rations to be supplied are to consist of the following articles, viz:
One pound of bread or flour, One pound of beef, or 3/4 of a pound of pork, Half a gill of rum, brandy or whiskey, One quart of salt, Two quarts of vinegar, Two pounds of soap, One pound of candles.
The proposals must specify the lowest price per ration. ALEXANDER HAMILTON, Secretary of the Treasury.
MASSACHUSETTS STATE LOTTERY.
THE Managers of the STATE LOTTERY, present the Public with the First Class of the Massachusetts semi-annual State Lottery, which will commence drawing in the Representatives' Chamber, in Boston, on the Seventeenth of March next, or sooner, if the Tickets shall be disposed of.
SCHEME. NOT TWO BLANKS TO A PRIZE.
25,000 Tickets, at Five Dollars each, are 125,000 Dollars, to be paid in the following Prizes, subject to a deduction of twelve and an half per cent. for the use of the Commonwealth.
Table with 3 columns: Prizes, Dollars, and Number of Prizes. It lists various prize amounts and their frequencies.
8388 Prizes. 16612 Blanks.
25000.
TICKETS may be had of the several Managers, who will pay the Prizes on demand—of the TREASURER of the Commonwealth—of JAMES WHITE, at his Book-Store, Franklin's-Head Court-Street, and at other places as usual.
BENJAMIN AUSTIN, jun. DAVID COBB, SAMUEL COOPER, GEORGE R. MINOT, JOHN KNEELAND. Managers.
Boston, July 28, 1790.
By Order of the Honorable Richard Morris, Esq. Chief Justice of the State of New-York.
NOTICE is hereby given to Lewis M'Donald, of Connecticut an absent debtor, that upon application and due proof made to the said chief justice by a creditor of the said Lewis M'Donald pursuant to an act of the Legislature of the said State, entitled "An act for relief against absconding and absent debtors," passed the 4th April, 1786; he, the said chief justice, has directed all the said Lewis M'Donalds estate, within this State, to be seized, and that unless he shall discharge his debts within twelve months after the publication of this notice, the same will be sold for the payment of his creditors. Dated the 3d May, 1790. New-York, May 7, 1790.