The national intelligencer and Washington advertiser. (Washington City [D.C.]), 1802-01-18 00:00:00

NATIONAL INTELLIGENCER,
AND WASHINGTON ADVERTISER.
Vol. II.
WASHINGTON CITY, PRINTED BY SAMUEL HARRISON SMITH, PENNSYLVANIA AVENUE.
No. CLXXXVII.
FIVE DOLLS. PER ANN.
MONDAY, JANUARY 18th, 1802.
PAID IN ADVANCE.
National Intelligencer.
SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES.
TUESDAY, Jan. 12, 1802.
DEBATE
On motion of Mr. Breckenridge to repeal the act passed last session for new organising the courts of the United States.
JUDICIARY ESTABLISHMENT.
[CONTINUED]
Mr. TRACY of Connecticut. Feeble as I am, I have thought it my duty to offer my sentiments, on this subject. Owing to severity of indisposition, I have not been in my place, nor have I heard any of the discussion. This circumstance will be my apology, if in the remarks I shall make, repetitions shall occur on the one hand, and apparent inattention to arguments on the other.
Having been a member of this government during several years, and being impressed with the difficulties attending the formation of a judiciary system, I have thought proper to give a concise history of legislative proceedings on this important subject. Permit me to say, Sir, that the first institution of such a system, must be an experiment. It is impossible to ascertain until tried, the effects of a system co-extensive with the vast territory of the United States, and which ought to be adapted to the different laws and habits of the different States.
Soon after the first law was enacted, as early as the year 1793, and I believe sooner, complaints were made of the system of circuit courts. The Union then being divided into three circuit, and two or the six judges, were obliged to attend each court, if one judge failed, all the business of course was continued to the next term. Judges complained of the distance they had to travel, and suitors and lawyers complained of delays. In 1793, if my memory is correct, the law passed allowing one judge to attend with the district judge in each district, with some other modifications not important in the present view of the subject. If by reason of distance, badness of roads, sickness or any other accident, this one judge failed of attendance, or if he and the district judge differed on any point, a delay was occasioned.
If the same judge attended the same circuit at the next term another delay, and so on, till experiment taught us, that some alteration in the system was requisite. It will be recollected, that the judges had to travel over this extensive country twice in each year, and to encounter the extremes of both heat and cold. If this they complained; but this was not all; the business was not done.
At several Sessions of Congress, the subject of the circuit courts was before them; committees were appointed in both Houses, and in more than one communication of the executive at the commencement of sessions, a revision of the system was recommended. I cannot on memory detail the exact particulars, or order of time; but in the speech made by the President at the opening of the session 1799, the subject is stated as follows. "To give due effect to the civil administration of government, and to ensure a just execution of the laws, a revision and amendment of the judiciary system is indispensably necessary. In this extensive country, it cannot but happen, that numerous questions respecting the interpretation of the laws, and the rights and duties of officers and citizens must arise. On the one hand, the laws should be executed, on the other, individuals should be guarded from oppression; neither of these objects is sufficiently assured, under the present organization of the judicial department; I therefore earnestly recommend the subject to your serious consideration." Although this subject had been recommended before, and committees had contemplated a revision and alteration of the system, I do not remember, that a bill had ever been presented to either House of Congress until 1799. In that session, a bill was reported similar in its features to the act which passed last session. It might have been acted upon in the House of representatives; of this however, I am not confident; but I recollect it was printed, and the members of both Houses had it before them; and at the last session with some alterations and amendments, it was enacted into a law. I believe all parties wished for a revision and amendment of the system, in respect to circuit courts; the diff-
erence of opinion was principally this; some supposed an increase of the judges of the supreme court to such a number, as would render the duties of the circuit practicable for them, and provided for the completion of business; would be the best amendment; and others thought the law, as it passed, was preferable.
I acknowledge, that in deliberating upon this subject, we always assumed the principle, that the establishment of courts was important to protect the rights of the people; we did not fear an army of judges, as has been hinted by the gentleman who was last up. (Mr. Jackson.) In this opinion we might be mistaken, but we were honest in our professions; although some believed, that more of the business of the United States, might be confided to the State courts; yet it is not within my recollection, that the question was considered in any measure a party question. I am confident, that at the session of 1799, and for a long time before that, the friends of this law, which eventually passed last winter, could not, nor did not, contemplate any change of administration. A revision of the system was long a subject of deliberation; we believed an increase of circuit judges, to the number requisite to perform the duties, would be an inconvenient increase of the Supreme court; and though it was desirable for the judges of the supreme court to see the people and be seen of them, yet, the preference was given to the system now proposed to be repealed. We supposed it would be an evil to increase the number of judges of the supreme court to 13; 15 or 17. A court which is to act together, should not be numerous; on this subject, all men have agreed; here may be danger of an "army of judges," as the gentleman says; for although in Great Britain the twelve judges are sometimes called to give an opinion; yet no man will feel equal confidence in a tribunal of judges for the business of a court, consisting of many, as of few; from 3 to 5, the good sense and experience of all nations has declared to be about the proper number; & we thought it conducive to the general good, to establish tribunals in such manner, as to carry justice to the door of every man.
In this modification of the system, the jurisdiction of the circuit court has been extended, as it respects the sum in demand of which they are to take cognizance, and as it respects the disputes which arise concerning the title of lands, and exclusive jurisdiction is given of all crimes committed within 50 miles of their place of session. The intention was to insure a prompt execution of justice, and experiment alone can tell the wisdom of the plan.
I take it to be a sound rule, adopted by all wise and deliberate bodies, not to repeal an existing law, until experiment shall have discovered errors, or unless there is a vice so apparent on the face of the law, as that justice shall require an immediate destruction of it. Has there been time to gain information by experiment? No man will pretend this as a justification of the repeal; for the little time the law has been in force, so far as I have obtained any knowledge upon the subject, it has gained credit.
Another maxim in legislation I think is correct, not to give up a law in existence, which is convenient about extensive and important concerns of the community, and about which there is a necessity of enacting some law; without seeing clearly what can be substituted for it, and that the substituted has manifest advantages. This resolution leads to no result but a repeal. I have stated the errors of the former system of circuit courts, and if experience is an objection to the present system, as I have heard urged out of doors, the same or nearly as much must be incurred, if we increase the number of judges of the supreme court, to effect a reform in the circuit court. Why repeal this law then and leave us without any, or without any adequate to its purpose?
Is this system so very vicious, that it deserves nothing but abhorrence and destruction? It costs us a little more than thirty thousand dollars, and by it the number of circuit judges is increased to sixteen; and by it likewise is contemplated reducing the number of supreme judges to five, when it can constitutionally be done. Is the expense an object, when by that expense we extend the jurisdiction of a court over this vastly extensive growing country, and carry law and protection to every man? This country is in a singular condition, a great tract of unsettled lands is peopling with rapidity, and numerous immigrations increase our population far beyond its natural increase; it is not of importance, that courts should be located among
them, early to correct the reflexes spirit, which is frequent in new and scattered settlements! And are not the immigrations composed of such as require the prompt assistance of the law, to preserve among them regularity? Punishment, to us, and to all good men should be a strange work, but to prevent crimes, is the work of a God. I speak to gentlemen, who have many of them graced the judges bench, and adorned the professional robe they have worn, and am therefore not obliged to be particular; that I may be understood; a word to the wise will be sufficient. A judiciary in a national point of view is absolutely necessary, and an extension of it to every national purpose is equally necessary. To depend upon State courts, not under obligations, nor amenable to you, besides having as much business allotted to them by the respective State as they can accomplish, and depending upon them and not on us for existence; will require only to be mentioned, to be exploded. Locating your judges in various parts of the country, by them promulgating the national laws, which it is well known has been a subject of great difficulty, and giving them daily opportunity of mixing with people, not well disposed to order and law; may prevent disorders, and mischiefs, and save millions of expense, which pecuniary saving will be the least of the important events arising from such a system.
But it will probably be said, the courts have not business to employ them; and the documents received from the executive will be produced in evidence. And it may further be said, the President has in his message, recommended a repeal of this law. The words of the message are, "the judiciary system of the United States, and especially that portion of it lately erected, will of course present itself to the contemplation of Congress; and that they may be able to judge of the proportion which the institution bears to the business it has to perform, I have caused to be procured from the several States, and now lay before Congress, an exact statement of all the causes decided since the first establishment of the courts, and of those that were depending when additional courts and judges were brought into their aid."
Is this a recommendation to repeal? Suppose for argument sake it is. Let us look at this "exact" statement. In the recapitulation, 19th page of document 8, there appears to have been instituted 3276 suits, and pending when this court went into operation, 1539.—But on further inspection, it will be found that Maryland is entirely omitted, this omission is unaccountable, since the means of knowledge were so near at hand. 119 causes undecided in Tennessee; 154 in North-Carolina, and 331 in Virginia, are omitted; making in the whole an error of 5 or 600 causes. In addition to this the number of suits in New-York are not stated correctly by the statement of the attorney when he made the return, and not one is carried out as pending in the recapitulation; and the return of Massachusetts is incorrect on its face; so that nothing more than conjecture can be derived from this "exact" statement. The President is usually more correct, and how this peremptory language in the message comports with the document, every man can see for himself. I am not disposed to attribute intentional error to any man, much less to the executive; but in point of use the statement amounts to nothing, we may just as well imagine without it as with it, how many suits were pending, at the institution of the new courts.
But I acknowledge that the number of suits pending is not in my mind any criterion upon which a correct judgment may be formed of the utility or necessity of courts, or to say the most of it, it forms but one ground of judging, and that not a very conclusive one. In a country thinly settled it is frequently as important to establish courts, as in a more populous country; and as this government is situated, it may be more so; and yet the number of suits will bear no proportion. Why did we establish courts in our territorial government but on this principle?
A number of courts properly located will keep the business of any country in such condition as but few suits will be instituted; and courts badly organized will discourage suitors and there will be but few actions returned.—From the number of suits alone, there can no sound judgment be formed.
But there is another objection to the repeal of the judiciary law, which in my mind is conclusive; I mean the letter and spirit of the constitution.
In the formation of every government
in which the people have a share in its administration, some established and indisputable principles must be adopted.—In our government, the formation of a legislative, executive and judiciary power, is one of the incontrovertible principles, and that each should be independent of the other so far as human frailty will permit, is equally incontrovertible. Will it be expected, that I should quote Sidney, De Lome, Montesquieu, and a host of elementary writers to prove this assertion? There is probably no conflict of opinion upon this subject. When we look into our constitution of government, we shall find in every part of it, a close and undeviating attention to this principle.—Our particular form is singular in its requirements, that full force and operation be given to this all important principle. Our powers are limited, many acts of sovereignty are prohibited to the national government, and retained by the states, and many restraints are imposed upon state sovereignty. If either, by accident or design, should exceed its powers, there is the utmost necessity that some timely checks equal to every exigency should be interposed. The judiciary is established by the constitution for that valuable purpose.
In the British government the legislature is omnipotent to every legislative effect, and is a perpetual convention for almost every constitutional purpose. Hence it is easy, to discern the different part which must be assigned to the judiciary in the two kinds of government.—In England the executive has the most extensive powers; the sword or the military force; the right of making war, and in effect the command of all the wealth of the nation, with an unqualified veto to every legislative act. It is therefore rational for that nation to preserve their judiciary completely independent of their sovereign. In the United States the caution must be applied to the existing danger; the judiciary are to be a check on the executive, but most emphatically to the legislative of the union, and those of the several states. What security is there to an individual, if the legislature of the union, or any particular state, should pass a law making any of his transactions criminal which took place anterior to the date of the law? None in this world but by an appeal to the judiciary of the United States, where he will obtain a decision that the law itself is unconstitutional and void, or by a resort to revolutionary principles, and exciting a civil war.—With a view to those principles, and knowing that the framers of our constitution were fully possessed of them, let us examine the instrument itself.—Article 3d, sect. 1st. "The judicial power of the United States shall be vested in one supreme court, and in such inferior courts as the Congress may, from time to time, ordain and establish.—The judges, both of the supreme and inferior courts, shall hold their offices during good behaviour; and shall, at stated times, receive for their services, a compensation which shall not be diminished during their continuance in office."
Are there words in the English language more explicit? Is there any condition annexed to the judge's tenure of office, other than good behaviour? Of whom shall your judges be independent? We are led to an erroneous decision on this, as well as many other governmental subjects, by constantly recurring to Great-Britain.—That their courts should be independent of their sovereign is an important object; he is the fountain of honor and power, and can do no wrong; our President, at least for several years past, has been considered the fountain of dishonor and weakness, and if there was any maxim upon the subject, it was, that he could do no right. Of course the great object of the independence of the judiciary must here have reference not only to our executive, but our legislature.—The legislature with us is the fountain of power. No person will say that the judges of the supreme court can be removed, unless by impeachment and conviction of misbehaviour; but the judges of the inferior courts as soon as ordained and established, are placed upon precisely the same grounds of independence with the judges of the supreme court. Congress may take their own time to ordain and establish, but the instant that is done, all the rights of independence attach to them.
If this reasoning is correct, can you repeal a law establishing an inferior court, under the constitution? Will it be said, that although you cannot remove the judge from office, yet you can remove his office from him? Is murder prohibited, and may you shut a man up, and deprive him of subsistence, till he dies, and this not be denominated murder? The danger in our government is,
and always will be, that the legislative body will become relive, and perhaps unintentionally break down the barriers of our constitution. It is incidental to man, and a part of our imperfections, to believe that power may be safely lodged in our hands. We have the wealth of the nation at command, and are invested with almost irresistible strength; the judiciary has neither force nor wealth to protect itself. That we can with propriety modify our judiciary system, so that we always leave the judges independent, is a correct and reasonable position; but if we can, by repealing a law, remove them, they are in the worst state of dependence.
I have exhausted myself, and I fear, the patience of the Senate, and regret exceedingly that my indisposition prevented me from a better preparation upon this important question. I have attempted to show, that the establishment of a judiciary system for this country is, and must be attended with difficulties, and that the legislature have taken such measures as to a majority of them appeared most reasonable, after much attention to the subject, to cure the evils of the old system, by the substitution of a new system.
And let it be remarked that the law now under consideration, although it modified our courts, is strictly guarded against a violation of the principles I have here contended for. The Supreme Court is to consist of five judges after the next vacancy shall happen; and the district judges of Tennessee and Kentucky are associated with a circuit judge, to perform the duties of circuit judges which duties it is well known they performed ever since the district courts were established; and in the clause which increases their salaries, they are styled the District Judges; and all the alterations made in their circumstances, is an increase of duty, and of salary. I have attempted to show, the primary necessity of rendering the judiciary of this confederated government, completely independent, not only of the executive, but especially of the legislature.
And by advertizing to the words of the instrument itself, I have attempted to show, that the judiciary are secured, so far as words can do it, as well from a circuitous removal, by repealing the law constituting the court, of which they are judges, as by any direct removal.
I am strongly impressed with the magnitude of this subject; perhaps the whims of a sick man's fancy have too much possessed me, to view it correctly; but Sir, I apprehend the repeal of this law will involve in it the total dereliction of our Constitution. It is supported by three independent pillars; the legislative, executive and judiciary; and if any rude hand should pluck either of them away, the beautiful fabric must tumble into ruins.
The judiciary is the centre pillar, and a support to each by checking both; on the one side is the sword, and on the other the wealth of the nation; and it has no inherent capacity to defend itself. These very circumstances united, may provoke an attack, and whichever power prevails so far, as to veil in itself directly or indirectly the power of the judiciary by rendering it dependent; it is the precise definition of tyranny, and must produce its effects. The Goths and Vandals destroyed not only the government of Rome, but the city itself; they were savages, and felt the loss of neither; but if it be possible there can be an intention, like the son of Manes, with his strength, without his godliness, to tumble the fabric into ruins, let it be remembered it will crush in one undistinguished ruin, its perpetrators, with those whom they may call their political enemies.
I most earnestly entreat gentlemen to pause and consider; I apprehend the repeal of this act will be the hand writing on the wall, stamping Mene Tekel upon all we held dear and valuable in our constitution. Let not the imputation of instability, which is cast upon all popular bodies, be verified by us; in adopting laws to day, and repealing them to-morrow, for no reason, but that we have the power, and will exercise it.
This constitution is an invaluable inheritance; if we make inroads upon it and destroy it, no matter with what intentions; it cannot be replaced, we shall never have another.
WEDNESDAY, January 13, 1802.
Mr. MASON, of Virginia.—I feel some degree of embarrassment in offering my sentiments on a subject so fully and so ably discussed. I believe that the ground taken by my friend from Kentucky has not been shaken by any arguments urged in opposition to the re-

tion on the table. Yet as some observations have been made calculated to excite sensibility not here, but abroad; as they appear to have been made with a view to that end; and as an alarm has been attempted to be excited on constitutional ground, I think the observations ought not to go unnoticed.
I agree with gentlemen that it is important in a well regulated government that the judicial department should be independent. But I have never been among those who have carried this idea to the extent, which seems at this day to be fashionable. Though of opinion that each department ought to discharge its proper duties free from the fear of the others, yet I have never believed that they ought to be independent of the nation itself. Much less have I believed it proper, or that our constitution authorizes our courts of justice, to control the other departments of the government.
All the departments of a popular government must depend in some degree on popular opinion. None can exist without the affections of the people, and if either be placed in such a situation as to be independent of the nation, it will soon lose that affection which is essential to its durable existence.
Without, however, going into an enquiry of what kind of organisation is most fit for our tribunals, without enquiring into the fitness of making the judges independent for life, I am willing to enter into a consideration, not of what ought to be, but of what is.— Whatever opinion I may individually entertain of the provisions of the constitution, relative to the judiciary, sitting here under that constitution, I am bound to observe it as the charter under which we are assembled.
When I view the provisions of the constitution on this subject, I observe a clear distinction between the Supreme Court, and other courts. I am sensible that when we come to make verbal criticisms, any gentleman of a sportive imagination may amuse our fancies by a play upon words. But this is not the way to get rid of a genuine construction of the constitution. With regard to the institution of the Supreme Court the words are imperative; while with regard to inferior tribunals they are discretionary. The first shall , the last may be established. And surely we are to infer from the wise sages that formed that constitution, that nothing was introduced into it in vain. Not only sentences, but words and even points elucidate its meaning. When, therefore, the constitution, using this language, says a supreme court shall be established, are we not justified in considering it as of constitutional creation; and on the other hand, from the language applied to inferior courts, are we not equally justified in considering their establishment as dependent upon the legislature, who may from time to time ordain them, as the public good requires. Can any other meaning be applied to the words "from time to time?" And nothing can be more important on this subject than that the legislature should have power from time to time, to create, to annul, or to modify the courts, as the public good may require—not merely to-day, but forever; and whenever a change of circumstances may suggest the propriety of a different organization. On this point, there is great force in the remark of the gentleman from Georgia, that among the enumerated powers given to Congress, while there is no mention made of the supreme court, the power of establishing inferior courts is expressly given. Why this difference, but that the supreme court was considered by the framers of the constitution as established by the constitution; while they considered the inferior courts as dependent upon the will of the legislature.
We find the phrase from time to time in another part of the constitution. The 3d sect. of the 2nd art. says the President shall, from time to time, give to the Congress information of the state of the union. That is he shall occasionally, as he sees fit, give such information. So shall Congress occasionally, as they see fit, establish, annul or regulate inferior courts, accordingly as the public welfare requires.
The arguments of gentlemen go upon a mistaken principle. They express the liveliest sympathy and commiseration for this poor, this weak department of the government. They tell us the judges have a vested right to their offices, a right not now derived from the law, but from the constitution; and they assimilate their case to that of a public debt; to the right of a corporation; a turnpike company, or a toll bridge. But is not all this reasoning predicated on the principle that the courts are established, not for the public benefit, but for the emolument of the judges; not to promote the interests of the people, but to further the interests of the judges; not to administer justice, but for their personal aggrandizement. I believe that a government ought to proceed upon different principles. It ought to establish only those institutions which the good of the community requires; when that good ceases to need them, they ought to be put down, and of consequence the judges should hold their appointments to
long and no longer, than the public welfare requires.
If the arguments now urged be correct, that a court once established cannot be vacated, we are led into the greatest absurdities. Congress might deem it expedient to establish a court for particular purposes limited as to its objects or duration. For instance the United States has taken possession of the Mississippi Territory, rightfully or not I will not pretend to say. This territory has been heretofore in the hands of various masters, viz. France, England, Spain and Georgia; and it is now possessed by the United States. All these governments except the U. States, made certain grants of land in the territory, and certain letters spread their conflicting patents over the country. These different titles will open a wide field for litigation, which will require able tribunals to decide upon. Suppose then Congress should establish special tribunals to continue for three, four, or five years, to settle these claims. Judges would be appointed. They would be the judges of an inferior court. If the construction of the constitution now contended for be established, what would the judges say, when the period for which they were appointed expired? Would they not say we belong to inferior courts? Would they not laugh at you when you told them their term of office was out? Would they not say, in the language of the gentleman from New-York, though the law that creates us is temporary, we are in by the constitution ? Had we not heard this doctrine supported in the memorable case of the mandamus, lately before the supreme court? Was it not there laid that though the law had a right to establish the office of a justice of the peace, yet it had not a right to abridge its duration to five years; that it was right in making the justices, but unconstitutional in limiting their periods of office; that being a judicial officer he had a right to hold his office during life (or what is about the same thing) during good behaviour, in spite of the law which created him, and in the very act of creation limiting his official life to five years.
I may notice another case, more likely to happen, to show the absurdity of this construction. Congress have assumed jurisdiction over the Mississippi Territory, and have established a court composed of three judges, which court is as much an inferior court, as the circuit or district courts. Of this jurisdiction Georgia denies the validity. The contest is in a train of settlement. Suppose it shall turn out that the United States are convinced of the injustice of their claim, relinquish it, and restore the territory to Georgia, what becomes of the judges? Their offices, their duties are gone! Yet they will tell you we are vested with certain constitutional rights of which you cannot deprive us. It is true the territory is no longer yours. You have no jurisdiction, and we have no power; yet we are judges by the constitution. We hold our offices during good behaviour, and we will behave well as long as you will let us. Is not this a strange situation? You have judges in a territory over which you have no jurisdiction; and you have officers which are perfect sinecures, pensioners for life. Such an absurdity I am sure the constitution never meant to justify. It is an absurdity equally repugnant to the letter and the genius of the constitution.
Suppose another case. Suppose what I trust will never happen, a war should take place. Suppose that a part of the United States should be conquered, and that we should be compelled to cede it to a foreign nation. In this district your jurisdiction is gone; your power is gone; the office of a judge is destroyed, and yet the officer holds his appointment for life: This case may be considered as inapplicable to the United States. It may be said that we have no right to cede a state or a part of a state.—But I believe a different sentiment has been entertained, and perhaps in this house.
But suppose this event to occur in relation to territory not attached to a State. Suppose the government should find it necessary to establish an inferior court in an island of Lake Superior? Suppose it should be the fortune of war to place in the possession of the enemy, one of the States; and the question shall be, will you give up this territory in the frozen regions of the lakes, or suffer the State to remain in the possession of the enemy, you being unable to take it from him? If you give up the territory, your court is annihilated, yet the judges claim a tenure in their offices for life; and this in a country that no longer belongs to you—does not such a result strike every mind as absurd? Is it not apparent, that whatever claim such men might have upon the generosity of the government, they can have no claim to offices that do not exist. Nay, further; it might upon the construction now contended for be insisted, that the Constitution forbids you to make a peace upon those terms; that by ceding an inconsiderable territory which you did not want to secure a whole state, you would abolish the office of a judge, which the legislature had there erected; that this would be an express violation of your Constitution; and therefore you must leave a whole State in the possession of the enemy, unless this judge would give you
leave to make terms by resigning his office.
I believe, Sir, that we should not differ much, if we came to a proper understanding of the true principle on which this question depends. If we establish the principle, that from the nature and essence of public institutions, they are made for the good of the people, and not for that of the individual who administers them, we shall experience no difficulty. Gentlemen, in speaking of a judge, had emphatically called it his office . But, it is not his office , but the office of the people. He is only the person appointed to perform certain services required by the public good, and when those services are no longer necessary for that public good, his duties are at an end, his services may be dispensed with, and he ought to retire to private life.
The case had been assimilated to a bridge. But he who builds a bridge does a public good, that entitles him to a growing remuneration for ever. But here the good is temporary. The truth is, the judge is more like the man who collects the toll, and who receives the promise of an annual payment, as long as he discharges his duties faithfully. But a flood comes, and sweeps away the bridge; will the toll gatherer, like the judge contend, that though the bridge is gone, and the owner ruined, that he shall notwithstanding receive his compensation for life, though he cannot continue those services for which his annual stipend was to be the compensation and reward.
But it would seem, that the argument urged on this occasion, and the general course of our legislation had been grounded more on the convenience and emoluments of those appointed to office, than on grounds of public utility. First we appointed six judges of the supreme court, divided the United States into three circuits, two judges to ride each circuit, in which with the district judge to form a court. The law fixed the duties and the compensation, and gentlemen of the first character were ready to accept the places. The salaries indeed had been then thought high; in some parts of the Union they were thought enormous. But a little time passed before they complained of the hardships of their duties; and the law was altered, not so much for public good, as for their personal convenience. Where two judges were required to hold a court, one was now declared sufficient. Thus you continued their full salaries, while you lopped off half their duties. Shortly after you assigned them under the pension law, inconsiderable duties; and they refused to perform them. Thus while they shewed themselves ready to abate of their duties, they adhered to their salaries. Next came the law of last session which takes away all their duties. It leaves them simply a court of appeals. And what have they got to do? To try 10 suits; for such is the number now on their docket, as appears from a certificate just put into my hands; and the average number on their docket amounts to from 8 to 10. Thus for the trial of the immense number of 8 or 10 suits, you have 6 judges, one with a salary of 4,000, and 5 others with salaries of 3,500 dollars each.
I fear that if you take away from these judges, that which they ought officially to do, they will be induced from the want of employment, to do that which they ought not to do; and if they have no good to do, they may do harm. They may be induced, perhaps to set about that work gentlemen seem so fond of. They may as gentlemen have told us, hold the Constitution in one hand, and the Law in the other, and say to the departments of the government; so far shall you go and no farther. This independence of the judiciary, so much desired, will I fear, Sir, if encouraged or tolerated, soon become something like supremacy. They will, indeed, form the main pillar of this goodly fabric; they will soon become the only remaining pillar, and they will presently become so strong, as to crush and absorb all the others into their solid mass.
We have been told, that no State in the Union has presumed to touch the judiciary establishment, excepting the State of Maryland. I will not answer for others; but with respect to Virginia, I will answer that she has touched it. Her constitutional provision for the independence of the judges is nearly similar to that of the United States, and yet she has established, modified, and entirely put down particular departments of her system.
[Here general Mason went into a particularisation of the different changes the judiciary system of Virginia had undergone.]
After the particularisation, general Mason proceeded:—
And yet our judges who are extremely tenacious of their rights, did not complain. They thought, as I think, that they should not be removed from their offices that others might be placed in them, and that while they did continue in office, their salaries should be preserved to them. And I believe the whole of our constitutional provision amounts to this; that unlike other officers appointed by the President, they shall not be removed by him; that their salaries
shall not be diminished by the legislature; and that while the legislature may continue, any particular judicial establishment under which a judge is appointed, he shall hold that appointment in defiance of both the other departments of government. A judge may lay, I am not to be turned out of office by the President on the one hand, or starved by the legislature on the other. He may lay to the legislature or the President, and to both of them combined; you shall not turn me out of this office as long as it exists, to gratify your enmity to me or your favouritism to another person; so long as the interest and convenience of the people require this institution, they are entitled to my services, they shall have them, and I will be paid for them to the utmost farthing in spite of your displeasure or caprice.
Notwithstanding the remarks of gentlemen, I am inclined to think these ideas of the extreme independence of the judges, and the limited powers of the legislature, are not very old, but that they are of modern origin, and have grown up since the last session of Congress. For in the law passed last session, that very law which it is now proposed to repeal, is to be found a practical exposition in direct hostility with the principle now contended for, which does not betray that sacred regard for the office of a judge, that is, on this occasion professed: in that very law will be found a clause which abolishes two district courts. The 24th Sec. says expressly "the district courts of Kentucky and Tennessee shall be and hereby are abolished." Will gentlemen tell this House how this express provision came into the act of the last session; and will they say that though they voted for this law, yet no power exists in the legislature to abolish a court. It is true, that it has been said, that though you put down two district courts, you promoted the officers by increasing their salaries and making them judges of the circuit courts, but the fact is, you have abolished their offices; they are judges no longer of the districts of Kentucky and Tennessee; and they are to every purpose, whatever may be their names, in reality circuit judges. Though you have not lessened their salaries, you have deprived them of their offices. However, therefore, gentlemen may calculate as to the benefit or injury done these two judges, the principle is not affected by any result—their offices are gone.
It is not enough to say, that though you destroyed their offices you offered them others with higher salaries. You took away from them, in express terms, their offices by abolishing the offices.—You had stripped them of their vested rights , and then to make friends, offered them a compensation; but whether the compensation thus offered for the deprivation they had suffered, was really equivalent to their loss, is a mere matter of calculation, and does not affect the constitutional principle. It is proper, however, to observe, that they were no parties to the proposed compromise, and that indeed they had no choice left them. They were obliged to accept of what you offered them or have nothing. If they did not agree to become judges of the newly organized circuit courts, they could not remain judges of the district courts, for these courts were absolutely and completely abolished.
Were I, Mr. President, to make a calculation on the comparative increase of duties and additional salary, in the case of one of those gentlemen (Judge Innes, of Kentucky) I should have no hesitation to say, that the bargain which has been made without his consent, and without his being a party to it, is a very bad one for him. Knowing too his particular situation, I am persuaded that if the law had left him any election between his former and new situation, he would have preferred remaining where he was, and without a moment's hesitation, he would have rejected your proffered promotion, as it is called. This gentleman resides within a very few miles of Frankfort, where as district judge of Kentucky he held his court. Attached to domestic life, and enjoying all its felicities, engaged in and pleased with agricultural pursuits, he was never under the necessity even during the sessions of the courts, to sleep out of his own bed one night, or to be separated a single day from his family. He could every morning give direction for the management of his farm, and return early enough in the evening to see whether his orders were executed.
How is he situated under the change which has been forced upon him? Instead of attending one court almost at his door, your late law requires him to attend four. The nearest at Baird's town, fifty or sixty miles from home. You oblige him to travel through dreary and inhospitable regions to the North-Western territory, something short of an hundred miles; and much greater distances to, and through still worse countries, Knoxville, and Nashville, in Tennessee. In going from one to the other of those last mentioned places, he will have to pass through the country of the Cherokee Indians, nearly one-hundred miles over the Cumberland mountains, where he will be exposed to every incidence of weather, without a shelter to
retire to, for there is not a house or a hut in the whole journey: a journey in which all travellers are obliged at all times, and of unavoidable necessity, to sleep one night at least, and from the fall of rains, and rise of water courses, often many nights without a roof to cover them from the beating of the storm; and moreover where they are liable at every step to be robbed by the Indians, as I myself experienced passing through that wilderness. Can it be supposed, that the five hundred dollars added to the salary of judge Innes, should by a person situated as he was, be deemed a sufficient compensation for the additional duties, the toils, the dangers and the deprivations, to which that law subjected him? In continuing to serve his country, I am sure he must have been influenced more by a sense of duty, than a regard to private interest; or, a belief that the change was in any respect advantageous to him.
By the 7th Section of the law of the last session, which transforms the district into circuit courts, which melts down the judges, and recoins them, it is enacted, That there shall be a circuit court composed of one new circuit judge and two old district judges, to be called the 6th circuit. Have you not then established a new office by the destruction of the old one? Have you not done more? Have you not violated the Constitution by declaring by law , who shall fill this new office; though the constitution declares, Art. 2d Sect. 2d, That the President shall nominate, and by and with the advice and consent of the Senate shall appoint all officers which shall be established by law.
Where were these guardians of our rights and liberties, when this law passed? Were they asleep upon their post? Where was the gentleman from New-York, who had on this debate made such a noble stand in favor of a violated Constitution? Where was the Ajax Talem of his party, or to use his own more correct expression, the faction to which he belonged? Where was the hero with his seven fold shield? Not of bull's hide—but of brass—prepared to prevent or to punish this Trojan rape which he now sees meditated upon the constitution of his country by a wicked faction ? Where was Hercules, that he did not crush these den of robbers that broke into the sanctuary of the constitution? Was he forgetful of his duty? Were his nerves unstrung? Or was he the very leader of the band that broke down these constitutional ramparts?
[Mr. Mason's speech, to be concluded in our next.]
CHARLES VARDEN, Merchant Taylor, from Philadelphia, GRATEFULLY acknowledges the favors conferred on him by the gentlemen of this City, and flatters himself that the general satisfaction he has already given will merit a continuation of the same. He has also received a handsome assortment of goods from Philadelphia, consisting of, Best superfine cloths, Cassimeres, Swansdown, Toylenets, Velveretts, Fancy Cords, Coatings, Flannels, &c. N.B. Regimentals, Naval Uniforms, and Ladies' Habits, made in the neatest and most fashionable manner, and at the shortest notice.—Washington City, New-Jersey Avenue, next to Mr. Papine's book store. Dec. 16, 1801. eptf
To Rent, And possession given immediately, A TWO STORY BRICK HOUSE, North front of the President's House, CONTAINING TWO Parlours and four Bed-rooms, with Garden, &c. It is convenient to the Public offices, and may be had furnished or unfurnished, with or without board, on reasonable terms, to an agreeable tenant. Enquire of the Printer, or on the premises. Also, Wanted Employment, For a YOUNG MAN, who would engage as an assistant in a store, having kept one of his own, of course accustomed to it. Would act as steward and superintend a plantation, or the like—would make himself useful in any situation.—Enquire of the Printer hereof. November 25. stawtf
THOMAS CARPENTER, TAYLOR, SOLICITS a continuation of that generous encouragement which he has experienced from the Ladies and Gentlemen of this City and its vicinity. Having procured an elegant assortment of cloths, cassimeres, swansdowns, &c. and engaged workmen of superior talents. His unremitting attention shall be given to merit patronage. Capitol Hill, next house east of Mrs. Finch's boarding house, and Pennsylvania Avenue between the President's square and Seven Buildings. Dec. 7, 1801. eptf
For Sale, Or to To Let, on Ground Rent for ever, FIFTY LOTS, SITUATE between the President's House and Capitol.—The titles to which is indisputable. ISAAC POLOCK. Dec. 16. eptf
A CHARIOT, HIGHLY finished, glass all round, Venetian blinds, plated harness, &c. in complete order: for sale at Mr. Dunlap's, nearly opposite Mr. McLaughlin's Hotel, George-Town. Jan. 25, 1802. eptf

WASHINGTON CITY.
MONDAY, JANUARY 18, 1802.
The Senate have confirmed the greater part of the Appointments made by the President during the recess; the remaining appointments are still under consideration.
On confirming the nomination of Mr. Gallatin, as Secretary of the Treasury, on a division eight members kept their seats.
There was also a division on the nomination of Mr. Pinkney, as minister to Madrid.
The Secretary of State has received a letter from the Consul at Havana, which contains advice of the ports of Cuba being closed by proclamation on the 25th Dec. last, to all American and other foreign vessels.
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, U.S.
WEDNESDAY, January 13, 1802.
The House resolved itself into a committee of the whole House, on the bill authorizing the discharge of John Hobby from confinement, Mr. Varnum in the chair; several amendments were made, which were reported to the house, and agreed to by them.
Ordered that the bill, so amended, be read a third time to-morrow.
Mr. Randolph from the committee of Ways and Means, reported a bill to amend an act entitled, "An act to lay and collect a direct tax."
Referred to committee of the whole on Friday.
THURSDAY, Jan. 14, 1802.
The bill "authorizing the discharge of John Hobby from confinement," was read the third time and passed.
Mr. Randolph from the committee of Ways and Means, reported a bill to prevent intrusion on the public lands, and for other purposes, which was read twice, and referred to a committee of the whole on Monday next.
The house resolved itself into a committee of the whole on the report of the Secretary of State on the petition of Philip Sloan, who agreed to a resolution for bringing in a bill to authorize the payment of 2,800 dollars to Philip Sloan, in which the house concurred.
Mr. Randolph, from the committee of Ways and Means, reported a bill making appropriations for the support of government for the year 1802; which was read twice, and referred to a committee of the whole on the 1st Monday of February.
The House resolved itself into a committee of the whole on the act respecting fugitives from justice and persons escaping from the service of their masters; and having made some progress therein, reported progress, and asked leave to sit again—Granted.
John Dawson from Virginia, appeared, and took his seat.
FRIDAY, Jan. 15, 1802.
Mr. Dawson observed that since he had taken his seat in the House yesterday, he had understood that some opinions had been expressed that there was a constitutional incompatibility between that seat and the appointment which he lately received from the Executive. However he might be flattered by that appointment, he was far from wishing in the least degree to infringe that constitution, on the observance of which depended all our happiness. He hoped, therefore, that if there existed any objection, it would be now offered, that he might know the ground on which he stood.
A petition of sundry citizens of Columbia, in opposition to a petition for erecting a bridge over the Potomac, was presented, and referred.
The House again went into a Committee of the whole on the act respecting fugitives from justice, and persons escaping from the service of their masters, and having made some amendments thereto, reported them to the House.
The House took them up, but adjourned without coming to a decision upon them.
The reader is requested to correct an error of the press in general Jackson's Speech on the Judiciary debate; and to read in the 12th line of the 4th col. "coalition to act" instead of "coalition to act."
NEW BATAVIAN CONSTITUTION.
The following abstract will put our readers in possession of the substance of the articles which we could not overtake in our paper of yesterday.
The Finances.—The details on this division are extremely complicated and uninteresting. They include in the first place, an account of all those debts which the republic is to recognize as debts of the nation. They then proceed to point out the resources in possession of the government, for their extinction: explain how new funds for annihilating them
are to be raised, and describe what is the duty imposed on the Regency of State in the regulation of this important branch of national economy.
The Administration of the Departments.—Each Department is to be governed by seven persons at the least, and at the most by fifteen, domiciliated in the Department, and subject to the same laws of eligibility as the members of the Legislative body: These individuals are to regulate the expenses of their interior administration, and to determine the charges to be exacted in the proceedings of courts of justice and police. They are to fix what expense is necessary for the repair of public edifices, &c. In case of any unexpected calamity or disaster happening in their Department, they are to transmit accounts of it to the regency of state, and to require what succour may be requisite out of the national treasury. They are to have the power of nominating public functionaries, and all inferior officers employed in the administration of their department. They are to direct internal economy, resources, police, &c. and to make regulations, on each of these points, taking care, however, that their decision shall at all times be consistent with the course of the laws in general.
The administration of the communes.—Each city or village is to have its own communal administration established on a plan meeting with the approbation of the Departmental administrations. The office of this communal administration shall be to establish all local arrangements and to settle all domestic interests. They are not to have the power, however, of appointing any local impositions, unless by the consent of deputies chosen from the commune, and approved of by the administration of the department.
The Judicial power.—This power is to be exercised by judges established and appointed in conformity to the principles of the constitution.
The judges and public accusers belonging to the same tribunal, shall not, at the time of their assuming their functions, be relations within the third degree. None can be admitted to the situation of a judge who is not an active citizen, and who has not passed his 25th year. In all criminal processes the definitive sentence given shall be held null and void if the crime for which the individual is condemned is not fully explained in the sentence. The doors of every court shall be open at the time when a sentence is pronounced. The tribunals of the former provinces are to preserve the jurisdiction they now exercise. All persons serving in the army or navy are exempted from this jurisdiction, except for civil crimes or faults liable to be judged by common law. There is to be a separate tribunal for the trial of the troops in the land and sea service. This court is to be composed of an equal number of officers of the land and sea service and lawyers.
The court of national justice.—This court is to be composed of nine members, who shall be chosen by a deputation of the legislative body, and the council of regency. The members once chosen are to continue for life, and their office is to consist in judging of the high crimes and misdemeanors of the members of the legislative body, of the regency of state, and all the other public functionaries in the exercise of their duty. They are to exercise a special jurisdiction over the Courts of justice, and the tribunals of the Batavian republic; they shall have the power of suspending or reversing their decisions, when in any case they are contrary to the laws relative to the administration of justice, and the forms prescribed by the constitution. No definitive sentence can be pronounced without the presence of seven members. The public accuser, (the Attorney General) in the court of national justice, is to be chosen by the regency of state from a list of three persons formed by the court and by the respective departmental administrations. Besides the ordinary public accusers there are to be connected with this high court three national syndics, who are to have the inspection of all colleges and offices of magistracy, the constituted national authorities, the departmental assemblies, the departmental tribunals, and a variety of public functionaries; the office of this last order is explained at still greater length, and every thing connected with their duty is minutely described.
The whole account of the constitution concludes with a copy of the Oath to be exacted from the members of the Legislative body, and the council of regency.
Twenty Dollars Reward.
RANAWAY from the subscriber, living in Loudoun County, Virginia, near Waterford, on the 20th of last December a Negro Man named JOSEPH, about 40 years of age, about 5 feet 4 inches high, of a yellow complexion, stout and well made, and the hair on his breast is turning grey. I believe he has less feet than the generality of negroes. He had on a white kersey jacket and trowsers, but I suppose he has changed his clothes and name, and has perhaps got a free negro pass. I expect he will endeavour to get into Pennsylvania. He was in jail in Hagerstown, about 6 years ago—Whoever takes up the said negro, and secures him in any jail, so that I get him again, shall receive the above reward, and all reasonable charges if brought home.
EDMUND JENINGS. Jan. 13, 1802. cp3t
[PUBLISHED BY AUTHORITY.]
SEVENTH CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES, AT THE FIRST SESSION,
Begun and held at the City of Washington, in the Territory of Columbia, on Monday, the Seventh of December, one thousand eight hundred and one,
AN ACT for the apportionment of Representatives among the several States, according to the second enumeration.
BE it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America, in Congress assembled, That from and after the third day of March, one thousand eight hundred and three, the House of Representatives shall be composed of members elected agreeably to a ratio of one member for every thirty three thousand persons in each State, computed according to the rule prescribed by the Constitution, that is to say: Within the state of New-Hampshire, five; within the state of Massachusetts, seventeen; within the state of Vermont, four; within the state of Rhode Island, seven; within the state of Connecticut, seven; within the state of New York, seventeen; within the state of New Jersey, six; within the state of Virginia, eighteen; within the state of Delaware, one; within the state of Maryland, nine; within the state of Pennsylvania, twenty two; within the state of North Carolina, twelve; within the state of South Carolina, eight; within the state of Georgia, four; within the state of Kentucky, six; and within the state of Tennessee, three members.
NATHANIEL MACON, Speaker of the House of Representatives. ABRAHAM BALDWIN, President of the Senate pro tempore. APPROVED Jan. 14, 1802. TH: JEFFERSON, President of the United States.
Will be Published
And for sale at Mr. Duan's Book Store, a pamphlet, entitled "Reflections on Government, Philosophy, and Education," CONTAINING also some remarks on female education, prefatory to a series of essays explanatory of the course of instruction adopted in the Stevensburg Academy. By JAMES O'GILVIE, Instructor of youth in the Stevensburg Academy. Jan. 18, 1802. cp6t
Marshal's Sale.
Notice is hereby given, that by virtue of a writ of Venditioni Exponas issued out of the Circuit Court of the District of Columbia, for the county of Washington, to me directed, John Ashley and Henry Pratt, against the lands and Tenements of Robert Morris, will be exposed to Public Sale, To the highest bidder, for cash, at Rhodes's Hotel, on the third day of February next, all the said Morris's title in and to lot No. 2, in square No. 706, in the City of Washington. Sale to take place at 11 o'clock, A. M. DANIEL C. BRENT, Marshal of the District of Columbia. Jan. 18, 1802. cp6t
FOR SALE.
THE subscriber is authorised to sell a tract of land containing four hundred acres, lying in Prince George county, on Oxon Run, adjoining the district of Columbia, and about two miles from the City of Washington, with a good road to that part of the Eastern Branch over which a bridge is to be built. This land is healthy and abounds with springs of excellent water. There are between twenty and thirty acres of meadow ground, with a fine stream through it, which may be prepared for timothy at a small expense, and at least two hundred acres in wood and timber. The wood itself will more than pay for the land. The cleared land, except a small part indeed, is of an excellent quality, and has on it a large tobacco house, and several houses suitable for the accommodation of labourers. This land has on it some elegant situations for country seats, commanding a view of the river and the city. If this land be not sold at private sale, before the 10th day of March next (and if it be, timely notice will be given) it will on that day, if fair, if not, the first fair day thereafter be sold to the highest bidder on the premises. The greater part of the purchase money will be required down; a credit of three months will be given on the balance, the purchaser securing the annual payment of the balance at the expiration of that time. Persons disposed to make a private purchase, may know the terms by application to Wm. Cooke, of Baltimore Town, or Mr. James F. Leitch of Manchester, Virginia, Mr. John Addison or to the subscriber in the city of Washington. PHILIP B. BAKER, Attorney for J. Addison. Jan. 18, 1802. cp5t
NOTICE.
THE partnership between Robert Clarke and John Tutt, Painters and Glaziers, was dissolved by mutual consent on the twenty-seventh day of July last. All those who have any demands against the said firm, are requested to present their accounts without delay, and those who are indebted, are desired to come forward and discharge their respective accounts. ROBERT CLARKE, JOHN TUTT. Washington Jan. 15, 1802. cp3t
TO BE SOLD AT PUBLIC SALE,
At the Union Tavern in George-Town, at 5 o'clock in the evening on the fourth Thursday, viz. 28th of January next,
THE brick house formerly occupied as a Tavern by Mr. Semmes, on a credit of six, nine, and twelve months. Negotiable notes, with approved endorser, payable at the Bank of Columbia or Alexandria, to be given at the time of sale. An unquestionable title will be made, and the papers laid before the purchasers. Any person desirous of purchasing this very desirable and valuable property at private sale in the mean time, may know the terms by applying to either of the subscribers. PHILIP B. KEY, WILLIAM THORNTON. Dec. 23, 1801. cp5t
MR. SPRIGG,
THE owner of LEBBOO, was not desirous, after the races at the City, to run again. Mr. Taylor's horse LEVIATHAN, he would have thought it ungenerous to have made such a proposition. But as Mr. Taylor has declared in the public prints that "he can be accommodated for his own sum, not being less than 1500 dollars." Mr. Sprigg will run with him over the City Course, on the 13th day of May next, for 2,000 dollars, the four mile heats, agreeably to the rules of racing. As major Foreman, the owner of Ranger, wishes an opportunity of contending with Leboo and Leviathan, he can never have a better one than at the same time and place; but if that should not be convenient, Mr. Sprigg will run Leboo against Ranger on the first Monday in June, over the Goven's Town Course, the four mile heats, for 3,000 dollars, or for any sum between that and 1000, as major Foreman may think proper. Jan. 15, 1802. cp6t
Charlotte Hall School,
SCHOOL will open on the 8th day of January next. The trustees at their quarterly meeting, held on the 20th of November, having taken into consideration the great increase of the School, and thinking that the moral conduct, and improvement of the pupils might be best promoted by the residence of the principal, in the family, have induced him to undertake this duty; therefore the Rev. GEORGE RALPH, with proper assistants, will receive boarders, at Charlotte Hall, on the terms heretofore established, by the trustees, viz. Board, lodging, and washing, 27 10 0. Or, by furnishing bedding, 25 per annum. The payments, as usual, will be expected to be made quarterly, and in advance. Signed by order, NEALE F. SHAW, Reg. Cool Springs. Dec. 28, 1801. 24w4w
JOHN BYRNE,
At his wholesale and retail Wine, Spirits and grocery Store, in Prince, near Water-Street, Alexandria. Offers for sale at very moderate prices, London particular Madeira do. do. Teneriffe, Choice Lisbon, Port and Madeira Wines.
Cognac brandy, Holland gin, old Jamaica spirits, anniseed, cordials, fine teas, coffee, chocolate, loaf, lump, and brown sugars, nutmegs, mustard, pepper, Florence oil, raisins, larch, molasses, corks, &c. &c. A small assortment of tea-trays, waiters, brass cocks, and Dutch ovens; with excellent Irish linen and dowlas fleeting by the piece. The quality and prices of the above are peculiarly calculated to recommend them to the keepers of boarding houses, and to give satisfaction to such gentlemen as may wish to provide their own wines, &c. Alexandria, Dec. 21, 1801. ep4w
FOR SALE,
A Servant about twenty-five or twenty-six years of age, who has been accustomed to serve as BUTLER, in a Gentleman's family, for 10 or 12 years. He is also an attentive body Servant. Apply to the subscriber, at Stella's Hotel. SKELTON JONES. Washington Dec. 14, 1801. ep3w
For 6666 dolls. or 66 cts.
AT EASY PAYMENTS. The subscriber offers for sale a Tract of land on Acquia Creek, in the county of Stafford, containing about 500 acres, two fifths of which is woodland, lying chiefly on the water. This tract possesses the following improvements and advantages—A two story framed dwelling house and the usual out-houses; orchards of apples, peaches, pears, cherries &c. a falling garden neatly laid out, several springs of excellent water, and a well at the door. The dwelling house is situated on an eminence commanding a most delightful and extensive prospect of the Potomac (from whence it is distant about two miles) for thirty or forty miles; and of the Acquia from its confluence with that river to the head of tide water at Woodstock—a prospect perhaps equalled by few in the U. States. The tract abounds with valuable quarries of free stone of every quality. Some of them contiguous to deep water, and nearer the Potomac than any that are now in operation on said Creek. For one acre, containing a free stone quarry three miles further from the Potomac, the proprietor has refused 3000 guineas, and eleven acres adjoining the said acre, were sold for 6000 dollars. There are also two valuable marbles, several fishing shores for rock, flint and herring, and plenty of wild fowl in season. It is believed by good judges, that the timber on the land, and fire wood, if cut ready for market, would command a greater sum than is asked for the whole premises. Wood may be conveyed to the City of Washington with a fair wind in two tides, the distance being not more than 40 or 45 miles. This land, supposing the timber to be entirely taken off, would in the course of seven or eight years start up thick with cedar, locust and pine. It would be a great acquisition to a grazier, the soil being admirably adapted to the culture of grain. Apply to the subscriber near Acquia. V. PEYON. Jan. 15, 1802. 24w21m
JOHN GOULDING, Broker and Commission Merchant, RESPECTFULLY offers his services to his friends, to the friends of his friends and to the public. He proposes to do business in this line, for the sale, purchase and transfer of real and personal property of every description; the barter and exchange of lots, houses, &c. for merchandise, and vice versa.
He has just received and for sale, Madeira, port, Lisbon, claret and Malaga wine, shrub, brandy, gin, and cherry bounce, grapes, raisins, currants, figs, almonds, capers, olives, anchovies, ciron, Corks, &c. Philadelphia porter, loaf sugar, and those of all sizes, particularly Ladies morocco, laid and spangled shoes. All which are for sale on reasonable terms, for cash, flour or tobacco; and again begs leave to solicit his friends, the friends of his friends and the public, to give him an opportunity, by partaking of their favors, to gratify them, in more respects than one.
George-Town, next the Post Office, Dec. 18, 1801. cp1m
NOTICE.
ALL persons having claims against the estate of JASPER DE CARNAP, late of the City of Washington, deceased; are desired to exhibit their accounts, for settlement, and those who are indebted, are earnestly requested to discharge the same without delay. ELIZABETH DE CARNAP, Administratrix. HENRY INGLE, Administrator. Dec. 11, 1801. ep8w
Richard Spencer, vs. Elizabeth & Joseph Middleton, In Chancery December 31, 1801.
THE object of the Bill is to obtain a decree for selling a house and lot in the City of Annapolis, the property of Joseph Middleton deceased, for the purpose of discharging the balance of a large debt due from the said deceased to the complainant, on bonds, which debt was intended by a decree passed on an agreement between the complainant and the said Elizabeth, in a cause here then depending, but which debt has not been secured agreeably to the said agreement and decree.
It is stated that Joseph Middleton the defendant, resides out of the state, viz. in the District of Columbia.
It is on complainant's motion ordered, That he either serve the said Joseph Middleton the defendant, with a copy of this order, or cause it to be inserted once in each of three successive weeks, in some newspaper of the City of Washington, before the 20th day of February next, to the intent that the said defendant may have notice of the complainant's application to this court, and of the substance and object of his bill; and may be warned to appear here, on or before the 20th day of June next, to show cause wherefore a decree should not pass, granting relief to the complainant.
A true copy. SAMUEL H. HOWARD, Reg. Cur. Can. Jan. 6, 1801. 14w3t
Office of Intelligence.
THE dispersed situation of those who are established in the City of Washington, renders intercourse and communication difficult and embarrassing, not only to themselves but to those who visit it, whether on business or for the purpose of settling. A variety of domestic and familiar facts are necessary to be acquired, and yet the acquisition of them sometimes costs more labor, attention and expense, than matters of higher consequence. Hence in particular, many persons of moderate resources have greatly suffered, being under the immediate necessity of engaging in measures, and at the same time unprepared with the requisite information. It is on this account that the subscriber has been induced to offer to the patronage of the public an office of Intelligence. In this office, those who reside in George Town, Alexandria, or the City of Washington, may at any time be informed of real property in any of those places either improved or unimproved entered here for sale; for which entries he keeps a regular set of books. Those who approve of this design in this particular, are requested to transmit him a designation of their property, and terms for the information of applicants. Persons who have houses to rent, and those being desirous of hiring houses will here find a greater mass of intelligence on that subject than they can derive from any other source. He has opened also, a set of books where persons desirous of employing others in any capacity whatever may soon learn of those who will be willing to serve them; and the latter, on the other hand, will be enabled to learn of those, who wish to employ them. Strangers arriving at the metropolis may apply here for almost any kind of information whether in private or public business; and information will either be given or seasonably procured for them; horses and carriages will be received, on commission for private sale, and personal property of any description whatever; bills of sale and other instruments of writing, will be correctly and handsomely executed. The public must be well assured that an institution of this kind cannot prove generally useful without general encouragement.—That general encouragement he subscriber pledges himself to exert himself to deserve. Some charge will be made for every real information imparted, but as exorbitancy is always disgraceful, and the nature of such an institution requires moderation, he holds himself bound to give no dissatisfaction on that score.
THOMAS V. SPROGELL. Pennsylvania Avenue, opposite six buildings; December 7th, 1801.
A Negro Man for sale, who has been accustomed to driving a carriage, and taking care of horses.
Two Negro Boys are wanting, about the age of from twelve to sixteen, for which a generous price will be given. They are to continue in the city of Washington.
A handsome top Chair and barns for sale. Lots may be had on Pennsylvania Avenue, ground rent, in excellent situations. Furnished Apartments may be had. December 9. W. N. B.—A carriage and horses for sale

PROPOSALS,
For carrying the MAILS of the UNITED STATES on the following Post-roads, will be received at the General Post-Office, in Washington City, until the 30th day of January next, inclusive.
IN DELAWARE.
 1. From Wilmington by New-Castle, St. George's, Cantwell's Bridge, Duck Creek, Dover, Frederica, Milford, Georgetown, Trap, Snowhill, Horntown and Accomac c. h. to Northampton c. h. three times a week—Leave Wilmington every Monday, Wednesday and Friday, at 1 P. M. and arrive at Duck Creek same days by 10 P. M.—Leave Duck Creek every Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday, at 4 A. M. and arrive at Dagsboro same days by 8 P. M.—Leave Dagsboro every Wednesday, Friday & Monday, at 4 A. M. and arrive at Northampton c. h. the next days, Thursday, Saturday and Tuesday by 8 P. M.— Returning , leave Northampton c. h. every Friday, Monday and Wednesday at 4 A. M. and arrive at Dagsboro the next days, Saturday, Tuesday and Thursday by 8 P. M.—Leave Dagsboro every Monday, Wednesday and Friday at 4 A. M. and arrive at Duck Creek the same days by 8 P. M.—Leave Duck Creek every Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday at 4 A. M. and arrive at Wilmington the same days by 11 A. M.  2. From Wilmington by Christiana, Middletown, Warwick, Md. Sassafras, Md. and Georgetown, Md. to Chester-town, Md. three times a week—Leave Wilmington every Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday at 8 A. M. and arrive at Chestertown same days by 5 P. M.— Returning , leave Chestertown every Wednesday, Thursday and Monday at 8 A. M. and arrive at Wilmington same days by 5 P. M. 
IN MARYLAND.
 3. From Chestertown by Centreville, to Easton, twice a week—Leave Chestertown every Wednesday and Friday at 5 A. M. and arrive at Easton by 5 P. M.—Leave Easton every Thursday and Saturday at 8 A. M. and arrive at Chestertown by 5 P. M.  4. From Easton by New-Market, Cambridge, Vienna and Salisbury to Snowhill, to return by Princess Ann, once a week—Leave Easton every Thursday at 6 A. M. and arrive at Snowhill on Friday by 1 P. M.—Leave Snowhill on Friday at 3 P. M. and arrive at Easton on Monday by 6 P. M.  5. From Harford to Belair, once a week—Leave Belair every Tuesday at 7 A. M. and arrive at Harford by 10 A. M.—Leave Harford every Tuesday noon, and arrive at Belair by 3 P. M.  6. From Baltimore by Libertytown to Fredericktown, to return by New-Market, twice a week—Leave Fredericktown every Wednesday and Monday at 4 A. M. and arrive at Baltimore by 5 P. M.—Leave Baltimore every Friday and Wednesday at 4 A. M. and arrive at Fredericktown by 5 P. M.  7. From Baltimore to Annapolis, three times a week—Leave Baltimore every Monday, Wednesday and Friday, at 9 A. M. and arrive at Annapolis by 5 P. M.—Leave Annapolis every Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday at 8 A. M. and arrive at Baltimore by 3 P. M.  8. From Baltimore by Ellicott's Lower Mills, Montgomery c. h. and Charlesburg, to Leesburg, Va. once a week—Leave Baltimore every Friday at 2 P. M. and arrive at Leesburg on Saturday by 6 P. M.—Leave Leesburg every Thursday at 5 A. M. and arrive at Baltimore on Friday by 10 A. M.  9. From Annapolis by Lower Marlboro, Huntingdon and Calvert c. h. to St. Leonard's once a week—Leave Annapolis every Tuesday at 6 A. M. and arrive at St. Leonard's on Wednesday by 10 A. M.—Leave St. Leonard's every Wednesday at 2 P. M. and arrive at Annapolis on Thursday by 6 P. M.  10. From Washington City by Montgomery c. h. Clark'sburg, Fredericktown, Hagerstown, Boonsboro and Green-castle, Pa. to Chambersburg, Pa. twice a week—Leave Washington every Thursday and Saturday at 4 A. M. and arrive at Fredericktown every Friday and Monday at 4 A. M. and arrive at Hagerstown by 11 A. M.—Leave Hagerstown at half past 11 A. M. and arrive at Chambersburg same day by 7 P. M.— Returning , leave Chambersburg every Tuesday and Saturday at 4 A. M. and arrive at Fredericktown by 1 P. M. and arrive at Fredericktown by 8 P. M.—Leave Fredericktown every Wednesday and Monday at 4 A. M. and arrive at Washington by 5 P. M.  11. From Washington City by Upper Marlboro and Queen Ann's to Annapolis once a week—Leave Annapolis every Tuesday at 5 A. M. and arrive at Washington by 5 P. M.— Returning , leave Washington every Thursday at 5 A. M. and arrive at Annapolis by 5 P. M.  12. From Washington City by Upper Marlboro, Nottingham, Lower Marlboro, Aquasco, Benedict and Charlottehall to Chaptico once a week—Leave Washington every Saturday at 5 A. M. and arrive at Lower Marlboro on Sunday by 7 A. M.—Leave Lower Marlboro every Sunday at 9 A. M. and arrive 
 at Chaptico by 5 P. M.— Returning , leave Chaptico every Monday at 8 A. M. and arrive at Washington on Wednesday by 3 P. M.  13. From Annapolis by Kent Island, Sharptown and Queenstown to Centreville once a week—Leave Annapolis every Friday at 6 A. M. and arrive at Centreville by 3 P. M.—Leave Centreville every Monday at 5 A. M. and arrive at Annapolis by 2 P. M.  14. From Washington City by Piscataway, Port-Tobacco, Allen's-Fresh, Newport, Chaptico, Leonard-town, Great Mill and St. Inigoes to the Ridge once a week—Leave Washington every Thursday at 5 A. M. and arrive at the Ridge on Friday by 7 P. M.— Returning , leave the Ridge every Saturday at 5 A. M. and arrive at Washington on Sunday by 7 P. M.  15. From Fredericktown by Woodfords, Taneytown, Petersburg, Pa. and Hanover, Pa. to York, Pa. once a week—Leave Fredericktown every Saturday at 5 A. M. and arrive at York on Sunday by 11 A. M.—Leave York Monday at 9 A. M. and arrive at Fredericktown on Tuesday by 6 P. M.  16. From Fredericktown to Leesburg Va. once a week—Leave Leesburg every Friday at 6 A. M. and arrive at Fredericktown by 2 P. M.—Leave Fredericktown every Friday at 5 P. M. and arrive at Leesburg on Saturday by noon.  17. From Hagerstown by Hancock and Old-town to Cumberland, once a week—Leave Hagerstown every Tuesday at 2 P. M. and arrive at Cumberland on Thursday by noon—Leave Cumberland every Sunday at 11 A. M. and arrive at Hagerstown on Tuesday by 10 A. M.  18. From Alexandria by Matildaville, Leesburg, Waterford, Charleson, Shepherd's-town and Martinsburg to Winchester, to return by Battletown to Shepherd's-town, and from thence by the same route to Alexandria once a week—Leave Alexandria every Tuesday at 3 P. M. and arrive at Winchester on Thursday at noon, at Martinsburg by 5 P. M. and at Winchester on Friday at noon. Returning , leave Winchester every Saturday at 5 A. M. and arrive at Alexandria on Tuesday by 9 A. M.  19. From Alexandria by Centreville, Middleburg, Goshen, Paris, Milwood and Winchester to Romney once a week—Leave Alexandria every Friday at 3 P. M. and arrive at Winchester on Sunday at 3 P. M. and at Romney on Monday by 7 P. M.— Returning , leave Romney every Tuesday by 6 A. M. and arrive at Winchester on Wednesday at 10 A. M. and at Alexandria on Friday by 9 A. M.  20. From Romney by Western Post and Green Glades to Morgantown once a week—Leave Romney every Tuesday at 8 A. M. and arrive at Morgantown on Thursday by 7 P. M.— Returning , leave Morgantown every Saturday at 6 A. M. and arrive at Romney on Monday by 6 P. M.  21. From Romney to Moorfields once a week—Leave Romney every Tuesday at 6 A. M. and arrive at Moorfields by 3 P. M.—Leave Moorfields every Monday at 10 A. M. and arrive at Romney by 6 P. M.—Contract to continue until October 1, 1802.  22. From Centreville by Haymarket, Buckland, Fauquier c. h. and Jefferson-ton, to Culpeper c. h. once a week—Leave Centreville every Monday at 6 A. M. and arrive at Culpeper on Tuesday by 10 A. M.— Returning , leave Culpeper every Tuesday at noon and arrive at Centreville on Wednesday by 3 P. M.  23. From Frederickburg by King George c. h. Broadfield, Mattoxbridge, Leeds town, Templeman's cross Roads, Richmond c. h. Farnham, Kinfaile, and Northumberland c. h. to Lancaster c. h. once a week—Leave Frederickburg every Wednesday at 2 P. M. and arrive at Lancaster c. h. the next Saturday by 6 P. M.—Leave Lancaster c. h. every Saturday at 10 P. M. and arrive at Frederickburg the next Wednesday by 10 A. M.  24. From Frederickburg by Port Royal, Laytons, Lloyds, Tappahannock, Urbanna, and Gloucester c. h. to Yorktown, once a week—Leave Frederickburg every Wednesday at 2 P. M. and arrive at Tappahannock on Thursday by 6 P. M.—Leave same in one hour and arrive at Yorktown on Saturday by 6 P. M.— Returning , leave Yorktown every Saturday at 10 P. M. and arrive at Tappahannock on Monday by 7 P. M. and at Frederickburg on Wednesday by 10 A. M.  25. From Frederickburg by Orange c. h. Milton, to Charlottesville, once a week—Leave Frederickburg every Wednesday at 10 P. M. and arrive at Charlottesville on Friday by 10 A. M.— Returning , leave Charlottesville every Friday at 2 P. M. and arrive at Frederickburg on Saturday by 7 P. M.  26. From Charlottesville by New-York, Staunton, Middlebrook, Brown- 
 burg, Lexington, Fincastle and Montgo-mery c. h. to Englishville on the west side of New River, once a week—Leave Charlottesville every Friday at 2 P. M. and arrive at Staunton on Saturday by 10 A. M.—Leave Staunton at half past 10 A. M. and arrive at Fincastle on Sunday by 1 P. M.—Leave Fincastle on half past 1 P. M. and arrive at Englishville on Monday by 7 P. M.— Returning , leave Englishville every Tuesday at 5 A. M. and arrive at Fincastle on Wednesday at 8 A. M. and arrive at Staunton on Thursday by 2 P. M.—Leave Staunton at half past 2 P. M. and arrive at Charlottesville on Friday by 10 A. M.  27. From Staunton by Kincaids, the Warm Springs, or Bath c. h. Morris's, Callaghan's, Sweet Springs, Sulphur Springs and Lewisburg, to Uniontown, and from Uniontown by Lewisburg, Callaghan's, Morris's, and the same route to Staunton, once a week—Leave Staunton every Saturday at 2 P. M. and arrive at Sweet Springs on Monday at 2 P. M. Leave Sweet Springs in 2 hours and arrive at Uniontown the next Tuesday by 7 P. M.— Returning , leave Uniontown every Wednesday at 6 A. M. and arrive at Staunton the next Saturday by 10 A. M.  28. From Englishville by Wythe c. h. Aspinville, Abingdon, Sevierville, T. Sullivan c. h. T. Rofsville, T. and Hawkins c. h. T. to Orrville, T. once a week—Leave Englishville every Tuesday at 5 A. M. and arrive at Sullivan c. h. on Thursday at 10 A. M. Leave Sullivan c. h. at 11 A. M. and arrive at Orrville on Friday by 10 A. M.— Returning , leave Orrville every Friday at 2 P. M. and arrive at Englishville on Monday by 7 P. M.  29. From Richmond by Goochland c. h. and Columbia, to Charlottesville, once a week—Leave Richmond every Wednesday noon, and arrive at Charlottesville on Friday by 10 A. M.— Returning , leave Charlottesville every Friday at 2 P. M. and arrive at Richmond on Monday by 6 A. M.  30. From Charlottesville by Warren, Warminster, New Market, New Glasgow and Madison, to Lynchburg, once a week—Leave Charlottesville every Friday at 2 P. M. and arrive at Lynchburg on Monday at 5 A. M. Leave Lynchburg every Wednesday at noon, and arrive at Charlottesville on Friday by 10 A. M. 
JOHN MARCH, STATIONER,
High-Street, George-Town,
Respectfully informs the Public, that he has received, from England, an assortment of Stationary goods of the best qualities, including:
Writing paper, from atlas to fool's-cap, wove drawing paper from atlas to demy, musk paper, royal and fool's-cap, coloured and marbled do. best black lead pencils, Reeve's colours, and camel-hair pencils, sealing wax, and Irish wafers, best red and black ink-powder, black ebony and mahogany writing desks, letter cases, and all's skin books, English quills, and an assortment of pewter, glass, leather and wedgewood inkstands, round rules, &c. Morocco, Russia, calf, red, green, and white sheep, very fine and large—also American papers of different qualities, at the lowest cash prices.
J. M. has an assortment of blank and ruled books; and makes them to order, on short notice.
* Where may be had Dr. Church, Lee, and Baisley's Patent Medicines, Dec. 18. 6r
Fifty Dollars Reward.
RANAWAY on Saturday night the 26th of last month, a Mulatto named CYRUS, about 21 or 22 years of age, five feet six or seven inches high, with dark bulky hair. He has served an apprenticeship with a millwright, and is a good workman. He stole from Popes Creek, the estate of Daniel McCarty, Esq. in the county of Westmoreland, a small foray horse, a neat light saddle, not much worn, made by James Smock, Fredericksburg, and a snaffle bridle, with a variety of wearing apparel. He has for wife a maid belonging to general Lee of Stratford, and it is conjectured he will endeavour to secret himself in the neighbourhood of the City of Washington, in expectation of meeting with his wife. Whoever will apprehend the said slave and deliver him to me, shall receive the sum of fifty dollars; and I will also give a farther reward of ten dollars to any one who may restore the horse and saddle.
JOHN ROSE. Virga. Leeds, Jan. 11, 1802. w4t
Mrs. PICK,
Takes the liberty to inform the ladies of George-Town and City of Washington, and its vicinity, that she has this day opened at Mr. Kirtz's, opposite the Union Tavern, an elegant assortment of MILLINERY, consisting of,
Velvet bonnets, caps, shawls, embroidery, dresses, handkerchiefs, artificial flowers, plumes, trimmings both gold and silver, bangle spangles, sacks, muffs, belts and tassels, straw bonnets, cashmere shawls and bonnets, gold and silver thread, wigs and frizes, perfume of all kinds, &c. &c. and other articles too numerous to mention; which she will sell on moderate terms. Dec. 23. eptf
FOR SALE.
A superb Curricule with plated Harness. ALSO a pair of young, handsome and fleet PONIES, and a capital saddle horse, who never was in harness. Enquire of the Printer. Dec. 18. eptf
JOHN MINCHIN, BOOT-MAKER,
(From Philadelphia)
New-Jersey Avenue near the Capitol.
JOURNEMEN SHOEMAKERS wanted—Allo two apprentices. Dec. 7. eptf
The Subscriber
RESPECTFULLY informs the public, that he has removed from George-Town to the Fountain Inn, near Rhodes's City Tavern. Where he is furnished with a good boiler, carriage house, and stable for eighteen horses, and every thing in his line to render the accommodation of travellers agreeable.—The strictest attention will be paid by CHARLES ROGERS. N. B. Ten or fifteen gentlemen can get board and lodging on moderate terms. Dec. 23. eptf
GEORGE BROWN,
Has received at his store opposite to the house lately occupied by capt. Burch, New-Jersey Avenue,
A handsome Assortment of DRY GOODS, Suitable to the present season.—Barthen Queens, and Glass Ware—Also
Groceries and Liquors,
Among which are the following articles—Loaf and brown Sugars, teas, coffee, pepper, mustard, nutmegs, box raisins, figs, salt shell almonds, oranges, lemons, Cranberries, Holland gin, and spirits, &c. The above goods are laid in on such terms as will enable him to sell low for cash—He keeps a regular supply of the best superfine flour from the back country. Dec. 11, 1801. eptf
NOTICE.
THIS is to give notice, That the subscriber has obtained from the orphan's court of Washington County, in the District of Columbia, letters of administration on the personal estate of James Robinson, late of the county of Washington deceased; all persons having claims against the said deceased, are hereby warned to exhibit the same, with the vouchers thereof, to the subscriber, at or before the first day of June next; they may otherwise be excluded from all benefit of the said estate. Given under my hand this 24th day of December in the year 1801. LEWIN TALBURT, Administrator. December 23, 1801. eptf
POST-OFFICE,
Washington, Jan. 11, 1801.
WHEREAS sundry letters lately sent to and from this office, particularly two from the Postmaster General, sealed with his official seal, one for Albany, New-York; and the other for Bucks Town, Maine; have been broken open before they were received by the persons to whom they were directed. And other letters of importance from officers of government, and from individuals, have been suppressed and in some instances withheld or delayed in such manner as to induce a belief of premeditated and fraudulent design. And as among the other injurious consequences of such atrocious conduct the innocent and the guilty are, in a state of uncertainty, alike subject to suspicion and censure, I therefore (being implicated with others) will pay a ward of one hundred dollars for information which shall convict any person or persons of any of the above-mentioned offences, and two hundred dollars in each case of the said letters of the Postmaster General. THOMAS MUNROE, P. M. Washington. Jan. 13. eptf
The several Editors in the U. S. may benefit the public by publishing the above
ROBERT CHERRY,
Near the Sugar House, New-Jersey Avenue, has just received (in addition to his former stock) per the sloop Harmony, captain Elwood, from Philadelphia. A GENERAL assortment of groceries and liquors, viz. Pennington's loaf and lump sugar, Havana white, Jamaica and St. Croix brown do. hyson, young hyson, hyson skin, souchong, and bohea teas, coffee, pepper, allspice, nutmegs, and cloves; hair powder, plain and scented, box and keg raisins, mould and dip candles, white and brown soap, Daxon's best mustard, shad, mackerel, and herring in barrels, dried codfish, &c. Cognac brandy, Holland gin, Jamaica and Antigua rum, Madeira and Lisbon wine, with other articles, all of a good quality. Also a trunk of swan-down, glass in boxes, 12 by 10 and 8 by 6, which he will sell low for cash, or barter for first quality tobacco. The above articles have been laid in at a falling market, and shall sell the same at very reduced prices for cash. He returns his sincere thanks to his friends and the public, for the encouragement he has already met with since his residence here, and hopes for a continuance of their favours, which will be thankfully acknowledged. January 9, 1802. eptf
WILL BE SOLD,
To the highest bidder, for ready money at Tunclick's tavern in the City of Washington, on MONDAY the eighth day of February next, the following squares and lots, or so much thereof as will satisfy the decree aforesaid, viz. Squares 861 862 863, lots 1 2 3 8 9 10 11 in sq. 864, squares 891 913, lots 2 3 10 11 13 14 15 and 20 in square 933, lots 3 4 5 6 7 13 14 15 16 and 17 in square 964, 1 2 3 6 7 20 21 and 24 in square 1077, lots 2 3 and 4 in square north east of square 1065, lots 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 and 33 in sq. 1043, 20 21 22 and 23 in square 1042, lots 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 and 18 in square 1017, lots 1 2 6 7 and 8 in square 943, square 890, lots 1 2 3 7 8 9 15 16 17 and 18 in square 1067. The sale will commence at 11 o'clock, and will continue from day to day until the whole of this property or so much thereof as will comply with the requisites of the aforementioned decree. PHILIP T. BAKER, Trustee. Jan. 5, 1802. eptf
The subscriber respectfully acquaints the public, that he has removed to the corner of Ninth and B streets, where he continues to manufacture and sell all kinds of Ornaments for Chimney pieces, Door Caps, Frontispieces, Metal Safes, &c. which may also be had at his store No. 51, Barclay Street, New-York, and to Mr. Wild's store, Market Street, Baltimore. GEORGE ANDREWS. Who has gold leaf for sale by the package or book. May 2, 1801. eptf
NEW STORE.
THE Subscribers most respectfully inform the Public in general, and their friends in particular, that they have just opened a handsome assortment of
Dry Goods,
SUITABLE FOR THE SEASON, On the Pennsylvania Avenue, between the President's Square and the Seven Buildings, which they purpose to sell low for cash. ALSO,
A few casks of Cut Nails,
SHARPLESS & SMITH. November 23. eptf
IMPORTED,
In the Ship Thomas, from Liverpool, Ironmongery, Cutlery, Saddle-ry and Brass Ware— which are now opening for sale at the subscriber's store on New-Jersey Avenue, Capitol Hill, viz.
IRON and brass kim locks, stock ditto, butt and H.L. hinges, screws, bolts, taws, files, chisels, curriers knives, waggon boxes, frying pans, patent metal tea kettles, pots and saucepans, chafing dishes, iron pots, knife cases, knives and forks, brass and iron candlesticks, shovels and tongs, brushes, ladies dressing cases, mathematical instruments, mill, pit and cross-cut saws, japanned ware, large scale beams, &c. &c. HENRY INGLE. October 19.
The CABINET and CHAIR-MAKING
Business is carried on by Ingles and Pelton, at their shop next to the above store, where orders in that line will be thankfully received and punctually attended to. N. B. A good steady Journeyman Cabinet-Maker will meet with employ by applying as above. 2awtf
For sale, or to be rented.
A House and lot on the Capitol Hill—the lot is 20 feet 2 inches on Delaware Avenue, and about 190 feet deep extending back to a 30 foot alley. The House is a handsome well furnished convenient three story brick house, containing 2 leased garrets, 5 chambers, 2 parlours—kitchen with a pantry and cellar. It is directly opposite to the Buildings of WASHINGTON, occupied by Gen. Dearborn, near adjoining to a number of houses belonging to Mr. Carroll, rented to Mr. Dalton and others from its vicinity to the Capitol, it is well calculated for a private family; or a person attached to the offices of the Federal Legislature—adjoining is a lot of about 40 feet front on same Avenue, and running same depth back, (the whole under a good post and rail fence) which, if required would be sold at same time. If rented, the Tenant may have the use of the whole of the lot, which would make an excellent garden, having a South and Eastern exposure, as long as convenient to the proprietor. This property would be sold a Bargain for satisfactory payments, or well situated property in Philadelphia would be taken in exchange. Apply to Benjamin Burch, New-Jersey Avenue, or to the Editor of the National Intelligencer—or to Carrick and Percival, Philadelphia. Nov. 21. tf.
City of Washington, July 24, 1801.
The subscribers
HAVING on hand a number of house frames of different dimensions, also, a large quantity of the various kinds of lumber requisite for building, and having made such arrangements as will ensure a constant supply thereof, and enable them to sell the same on very advantageous and moderate terms to the purchasers, hereby give notice, that on application, accompanied by a memorandum or bill of the frames or lumber wanted, they will cause the same to be delivered as soon as may be, at any of the wharves in the city of Washington, George-Town or Alexandria. The circumstances under which the subscribers enter into this business, authorize an assurance that the first quality in their engagements may be relied on. They are therefore induced to believe, that many persons who are engaged in building, or who may intend to build, will find a great convenience and advantage in making timely application, and being thus supplied with the whole of the lumber necessary for their buildings by the time it may be wanted for use. JOHN CONNER, Somerset County, near Princess Ann, Maryland. THOMAS MUNROE! City of Washington. July 27. 1wtf
FOR SALE.
A TRACT of land containing 2,500 acres lying immediately on the river Potomac, in the county of Northumberland, Virginia, late the residence of PRESLEY THORN, ON, Esq. Seventeen hundred acres of which are of the most valuable kind of low grounds on the river; between three and four hundred acres heavily timbered, the remainder is wavy high land extremely productive. The soil of this tract is equal to any in the state for cultivation of corn, wheat, tobacco, timothy, and small grain of all kinds. On this tract are a large commodious two story brick mansion house and two offices, a large brick stable, a valuable barn, cow house and many other out-houses, all in good repair. The orchards and garden contain a variety of valuable fruit trees, and the waters abound with excellent fish and oysters. It is situated about a day's sail from Alexandria, Baltimore or Norfollk. There are two good mill seats for grist, or saw-mills on this estate, and plenty of cedar and chestnut timber, exclusive of the heavy timber, which if sawed up into scantling will command a price in the City of Washington, nearly equal to the value of the land. The terms will be made easy to the purchaser or purchasers, and the tract will be divided into two or more plantations if necessary.—Apply to RICHARD PETERS, junr. No. 85, Walnut-Street Philadelphia. Philadelphia, Nov. 17. eptf