National gazette. (Philadelphia [Pa.]), 1792-08-18 00:00:00

National Gazette.
By P. FRENEAU: Published WEDNESDAYS and SATURDAYS, at THREE DOLLARS per annum.
VOL. I.
SATURDAY, August 18, 1792.
NUMB. 84.
L O N D O N, June 10.
STATE TRIAL OF WARREN HASTINGS, Esquire.
WEDNESDAY, June 6.
FOUR witnesses on behalf of the defendant were examined by Mr. Hastings' counsel, and cross examined by Mr. Burke. Lord Hawke, and Lord Townson.—When they had finished, Mr. Hastings earnestly intreated their lordships' attention for a few minutes; and as the matter he had to state appeared to him extremely important he begged to address them from his notes, which the lords readily agreeing to, he spoke as follows:
"I have already upon former occasions ventured to state to your lordships, the hardships which I have sustained by the unexampled length of this trial, even in the more early periods of it, I mean not now to repeat them, nor will it be necessary to shew to your lordships how much they must be all aggravated by their subsequent extension. I merely allude to them for the purpose, and for that only, of bespeaking your pardon for the liberty I now take in praying your lordships to allow me as much time as you can afford during your session, to hear the remainder of my defence. I should not anxiously press this upon your lordships, were I not assured that your lordships have no longer any call for your attention to matters of great importance, if any matter can exceed in its importance the course of a criminal trial protracted to such a length of years as mine has been.
"For my defence on the article now in evidence before your lordships, my counsel will desire only to call two more witnesses, selected from the survivors of a much larger number, whom we forbear to call, from respect of your lordships' time, and a consideration of the uncertainty of my life or theirs enduring to the end of a more complete refutation of the charge which the commons have preferred against me. The examination in chief of these witnesses (for I cannot limit the time of the cross examination, nor answer for that which may be lost by interruptions) will not take up the compass of two, or at most three hours.
"Two more articles will then remain. On one only will it be necessary to call any parole evidence; and for that only, three witnesses; one, a gentleman of very infirm health, who was settled with his father in the South of France, but came to England in the first year of this long trial, and has remained here till this time, in yearly expectation of giving his evidence at your lordships' bar. Among the gentlemen whom I hope to be allowed to produce in evidence to the article now under examination, there is one, who having given his attendance through a considerable part of the first year, when it became evident that he could not be called till the next year informed me that his means of subsistence, though not his patience, were exhausted; and requested me to dispense with his evidence, that he might return to his service in India. I without hesitation cheerfully consented. That gentleman accordingly went to India, served with credit two campaigns under Lord Cornwallis, is again returned to England, and again in attendance to give his evidence in my defence. Your lordships will not be surprised if I should feel a more than common anxiety to lose a witness whom I have recovered in so singular a manner from so many obstacles which threatened to deprive me of the benefit of his testimony, nor to lose so impressive a memorial of the extraordinary character of this impeachment.
"It is hard, with so near a prospect of a close, to see it vanish into darkness; and another year, or perhaps other years, if I
should live to see them, destined for the continuation of this trial.
"Let me beseech your lordships to recollect, that more than five years are already past since I first appeared at your lordships' bar, and I am sure, that if any one of the noble lords who were then living, and saw me there, had been told (if human wisdom, which is the result of experience, could have suggested such a conclusion) that more than five years must pass ere I could obtain a judgment, he would have pronounced it against the course of nature to expect it, and have resented the supposition, as an unmerited reflection on the justice and dignity of this great kingdom.
"In the first year, which was the year 1788, the court which your lordships now compose, sat 35 days, generally assembling at twelve o'clock, sometimes earlier, and sitting until five, and occasionally later. This year your lordships have sat, within a week of the same period of time, only sixteen days, and have seldom been able to open the court much earlier than two o'clock. I should be as ungrateful as unreasonable, if I could insinuate that these delays were in any respect imputable to your lordships; neither is it my wish to impute blame to any: it is the effect, not the cause, of which I may complain.
"Yet, my lords, if I might be allowed to expostulate with those, whose zeal animating them to exertions and to a perseverance, of which, even in that body there are few examples, brought me to the situation in which I now stand; I might now plead, and surely without offence, that the rights and interests of the people of this kingdom, and the honour of its crown, which were the great inducement stated by the commons of Great-Britain for calling together its highest court of judicature to sit in trial upon me, are at least concerned in their using the same exertions to promote the course of that trial, and to bring it to an issue.
"My respect forbids me to say more on the subject, nor should I have said so much, but to make it evident to your lordships, that whatever causes of delay have occurred, or may in future occur, in the course of this trial, if it can be supposed that I would willingly be instrumental to my wrong, neither have been nor shall be in any way imputable to me. In proof of this I have alluded to, but need not specify, the many constitutional, and even personal means, to which I have had recourse, to accelerate the progress of the trial, and remove every obstruction to it.
"That I might not again urge a request to your lordships, which it might not be in your lordships' powers to grant, I have been profited by the error which I have been told I committed in the petition which I last year presented to your lordships, and have addressed an humble petition to his majesty, praying that he would be graciously pleased to permit your lordships to continue to sit, till the close of the trial.
"I rely with a perfect confidence on his majesty's gracious disposition to grant my prayer, and in that case, I do assure your lordships that every possible means shall be used by me, and by the gentlemen whom you have given me for my counsel to bring my defence to a speedy conclusion.
"If, which I reluctantly suppose, it shall be deemed unreasonable, or for causes which cannot fall within the scope of my limited comprehension, improper, I do most humbly and earnestly entreat your lordships, in that case, that you will afford me as many days as may be necessary to bring the present article to a close, and to allow my counsel to sum up the evidence while it is yet recent in your lordships' recollection."
After this address their lordships adjourned to the house of lords.
AUTHENTIC PARTICULARS
Relative to the loss of the Pandora Frigate, Captain Edwards.
ON the 17th of November 1790, his Majesty's frigate Pandora, failed from England in quest of the pirates who had forcibly seized his majesty's store-ship, the Bounty, commanded by lieutenant Bligh, and after refreshing at Teneriffe and Rio Janeiro, they proceeded towards the Pacific Ocean.
On the 23d of March they arrived at Otaheite, where, after some difficulty, they secured 14 out of 16 of the pirates that had been left there by the Bounty, (the other two having been murdered, either among themselves or by the natives,) as also a small schooner they had built with the assistance of the natives, with an intention to carry them to India. They had really failed, but meeting with bad weather, and disagreeing among themselves concerning the abilities of the person they had appointed to command her, had returned to Otaheite some time before the Pandora's arrival.
The Bounty left Otaheite with Christian, the chief, and eight others of the pirates, some time in September, 1789, after dividing the arms, and other small stores equally with the above mentioned pirates; and although the Pandora, cruised three or 4 months in those seas, and examined a great number of islands (several of which were new discoveries) they could not get the least intelligence either of the Bounty, or the remaining pirates.
From journals kept by pirates on board the Bounty, it appears that after forcing lieutenant Bligh, his officers and men out of the ship they went to Torbanee, an island in those seas, discovered by Captain Cooke, were they proposed to settle; but having destroyed the bread-fruit and other plants that were on board the Bounty, and finding themselves in want of many other necessaries to complete their scheme they returned to Otaheite to get such articles as they were in need of. On their arrival, they told the natives that they had met with Capt. Cooke at an island, where he intended to make a settlement, and had left the bread-fruit and other plants with him; also lieutenant Bligh, and the other absentees, to assist in the business they had in hand; and that captain Cooke, had appointed Christian commander of the Bounty, and had sent them to Otaheite for more bread-fruit, plants, hogs, fowls, &c.
The natives, overjoyed to hear that captain Cooke had settled so near them, in a short time supplied them with 300 hogs, a bull, a cow, and a great quantity of poultry, and other articles; also with some of the natives of both sexes; and with which they returned to Torbanee.
On their arrival, they landed their stock on small Islands near the mouth of the harbour, lightened the ship, and hauled her opposite to the place which they proposed to fortify. After making some progress with their fortification they disagreed among themselves; and having frequent skirmishes with the natives, which were generally occasioned by their depredations and other violences, the work on the fort ceased; and Christian, finding he had entirely lost his authority among them, proposed that they should consult together, and consider what was best to be done; and that he would put into execution, the resolution that was supported by the greatest number of votes. After long consultations among themselves, it was at last agreed to relinquish the plan of settling at Torbanee, and to return to Otaheite, and that those that chose to stay there might, and others that chose to stay by the ship, might go where they thought proper. They accordingly proceeded to Otaheite, and separated as before mentioned.
Captain Edwards, having given up all
hopes of finding the remaining pirates was returning home by Endeavourstraits where the Pandora was unfortunately lost on the reef of New South Wales, on the 29th of August 1791, in lat. 23 South. Ninety-nine of the people were saved by the boats; thirty four were lost with the ship, among whom were four of the pirates. They went with boats, a small island about three miles from the wreck, where they landed the few articles of provision, &c. they had saved, and immediately returned in search of the people that were missing, but had not the good fortune to find any of them.
Every body was now busily employed fitting the boats for their intended passage to Timor, which occupied them two days, during which time they sent a boat to the wreck; the only article they got from her was, the main-top gallant-mast (being nearly even with the water edge) and the lightning conductor, which proved very useful on the account of the scarcity of masts.
On the 31st of August, having completed the boats, they launched them and embarked, having been on the following allowance of provisions and water since the loss of the ship to her arrival at Timor: To each man, two ounces of bread, two small glasses of water, and one of wine, the three being nearly equal to half a pint; half an ounce of essence of malt, and half an ounce of portable soup.
After a passage of three days, they touched at Prince of Wales's islands, in the Straits, and filled every vessel they had that would hold water, which barely amounted to a gallon for each man; after which they proceeded through Endeavourstraits, to Timor, where all the boats arrived between the 16th and 18th of September, without having lost a man, although the allowance of water and provisions was so very small, and they were crowded into four boats, viz. two small cutters, the long boat, and pinnace. They had unfortunately parted company with the schooner they took from the pirates (which Captain Edwards had armed and fitted as a tender) off the Navigators island. They arrived with the schooner at Samarai, in the island of Java, nearly at the same time Capt. Edwards did at Timor, after enduring great hardships for want of provisions and water.
On their arrival at Compzag, the capital of the Dutch settlements at Timor, they were treated with the greatest humanity and attention, by Governor Wanjon, and the other gentlemen of the place. There they found 8 men, a woman and two children, that had made their escape from Botany Bay, in an open six-oared cutter.
These villains imposed on Governor Wanjon, by pretending to have been cast away on the coast of New Holland, in a transport bound to Botany Bay; but in a short time having given the settlement some specimen of their former professions, and in a dispute among themselves called each other convict, Governor Wanjon examined them, and finding the story of their being cast away a fallhood, confined them until the 6th of October, when he delivered them to capt. Edwards, who had taken a passage with his ship's company, on board of a Dutch ship bound to Batavia, where they waited for a passage to England.
The beginning of last December, capt. Edwards had agreed to send 20 of his people home in each of the company's ships that failed first for Europe, and an officer with them; to go with the last division himself, and to take the provisions with him.
Capt. Hunter, of his majesty's ship Sirius, lately lost on Norfolk Island, failed from Batavia about the middle of the last October, for England, with his ship's company, on board of a Dutch ship that had been at Botany Bay with provisions.

and which was purchased by Governor Philips on account of government, for that purpose.
The latest accounts from Russia speak very little of war. There have been several attempts made to poison the Empress, it was supposed by the tools of a French faction in the kingdom. In consequence of these atrocious attempts, an order of state has been issued for apprehending those concerned in the plot, of whom, it was reported nine or ten had been seized. It is also said, that a Royal Edict had been issued, making it death for any Frenchman to be found within the Russian bounds after a limited time.
WELCH INDIANS.
[FROM AN ENGLISH PAPER]
MUCH has been said of Welch Indians in America; and there is scarcely a Welchman who does not believe that this extensive continent was discovered by his great ancestor, Owen Madoc, in the year of Christ 1170, or 322 years before the arrival of Columbus.
The tribes now thought to have descended from Welchmen, left in America by Owen Madoc, are known by the Indian name of Padoucas , or Welch Indians, called, by some, the White Indians, whose country is situated far westward of the Mississippi. — That the Indian natives of America have for many years past emigrated from the eastward to the westward is a known fact. That the tribes abovementioned, who speak the Welch tongue, may have done the same, is much within the order of probability, and that the White or Welch Indians now reside at or near the banks of the river Missouri, is scarcely to be doubted, every traveller having confirmed this fact. They are denominated by the French, the white-bearded Indians; and are said to be really white. They possess thirty-two villages, or towns; are exceedingly civilized, and vastly attached to certain religious ceremonies. Their situation is about 1000 miles from the Illinois.
A gentleman has lately arrived from the American Indian country, who had remained some time among the Padouca tribes. He was introduced to the chief of the principal tribe, and was received with much solemnity, owing to his being of white complexion. He was treated with much friendship and hospitality, was called the Angel of God, and every day had his hands and feet washed by order of the chieftain, who appeared much advanced in years, his hair being long and perfectly white. He further informs, that the people chiefly subsist by the produce of the chase; that the instruments they use on the occasion are generally bows and arrows; that the further he advanced from the frontiers, the different tribes he passed through were the more civilized; that he supposed the reason to be (which I am afraid is the case) owing to the continual encroachments made on their land by the white people in those parts contiguous to them. The late transactions on the back frontiers of the United States of America, it is probable, are owing to the same circumstance.
It may be necessary to remark, that the distance from the mouth of the Mississippi to the entrance of the Missouri into it, is about 1200 miles, that the navigation of the Mississippi, upwards, is tedious and difficult, owing to the current continually running the same way, by which means the vessels employed on the occasion seldom make that distance in less than three months. A light boat, well manned, however, might go from New-Orleans to the Missoures in six weeks: and from Kentucky, on the Ohio, in less than three weeks; whereas, on their return, the same distance is made in a few days; that the country bordering on those rivers is extremely fertile; that in very severe winters they are subject to frost, which is generally of short duration; that every article for the use of man grows almost spontaneously; that large numbers of buffaloes are taken, the hides and tallow of those animals, as well as deer skins, beaver, &c. are carried down the Mississippi to New-Orleans, from whence they are exported to different parts of Europe; that all sorts of timber and naval stores are to be had in abundance; that during the late war, had the ministers, or the public servants of the crown of this country, had its real interest at heart, they would, in preference of the business of St. Eulalia have taken possession of New-Orleans, the key of the Mississippi, and by that measure have opened the navigation of that river, which
in the hands of the enterprising and mercantile genius of the British nation, would be opening a mine of wealth which would have filled the channels of commerce of this country.
It would also have tended to another grand object, it would have afforded an asylum to the American Loyalists (with whom we have ever differed in political opinion) were they inclined really to relieve them, instead of sending them to the barren rocks of Nova Scotia, where they find it difficult to raise a common sized cabbage, and where it is deemed a wonder to see a field of 12 acres abound with grass six inches long; in this it will be a pleasure to me to be controverted.
The Revolution in France certainly comes recommended to us under one aspect which renders it at first view extremely inviting: it is the work of argument and rational conviction, and not of the sword. The ultima ratio regum had nothing to do with it. It was an operation designed for the benefit of the people, it originated in the people, and was conducted by the people. It had therefore a legitimate origin; & this circumstance entitles it to our serious contemplation, on two accounts: because there is something venerable in the idea, and because other nations, in similar circumstances, will certainly be disposed to imitate it.
Whatever reason may be given for the fact, all those who have been witnesses of what are called mobs in France (during the revolution) will join in opinion, that they were by no means to be compared with English mobs, in point of indiscriminate ferocity and private plunder. A popular commotion in Paris was uniformly directed to a certain well explained object; from which it never was known to deviate. Whether this object were to hang a man, to arrest the king, to intimidate the court, or to break the furniture of a hotel, all other persons and all other property, that fell in the way of the mob, were perfectly safe.
The truth is, those collections were composed of honest and industrious people, who had nothing in view but the public good. They believed that the cause of their country required an execution of justice more prompt than could be expected from any established tribunal. Besides, they were in the crisis of a revolution, when they were sensible, that the crimes of their enemies would remain unpunished, for want of a known rule by which they could be judged. Though a violation of right , is not always a violation of law ; yet, in their opinion, occasions might exist, when it would be dangerous to let it pass with impunity.
It is indeed to be hoped, that, whenever mobs in other countries shall be animated by the same cause, they will conduct themselves with the same dignity; and this singular phenomenon will be found not altogether attributable to national character.
The Austrian and Prussian troops, according to good information, will not be able to commence their offensive operations according to the plan concerted, before the middle of July. This delay is occasioned by the precautions judged necessary with regard to the regiments who have been for any length of time cantoned in the Low Countries, and who are to be removed into the interior parts of the Austrian dominions, and replaced by Hungarians and Croats.
The Empress of Russia has contributed largely to the expences of the war; the court of Vienna has no complaint to make upon this head. It is probable, however, that Catharine the second has turned her eyes to Poland, and that looking to another partition, she may not behold without pleasure the armies of Austria and Prussia exhausted and thinned by a war, in which her finances can alone be affected, and from the success of which she will immediately derive as much profit, security, and glory as the most active of the allies.
The elector of Bavaria has repeated to M. D'Affiny, Minister Plenipotentiary of France to that court, in the most positive terms, his invariable resolution to preserve the system of perfect neutrality.
Five more of the conspirators against the late King of Sweden have received judgment, viz. Horn and Ribbing are to have their right hands cut off, and to be beheaded. Hartmansdorff, Liljehorn, and Von Engerstrom, to be beheaded. Major-general Pechlen, who is
generally imagined to be the soul of the plot, has taken his measures with so much caution, that the counsel for the prosecution has not hitherto been able to adduce legal evidence against him sufficient to convict him. He is seventy five years old, during the greatest part of which time he has been concerned in every scheme of revolution, of which the Swedish history produces so many instances.
The French have stationed between Beachy Head and Dunkirk two frigates and an armed brigantine, intended to intercept some Imperial East-Indiamen now on the point of sailing from Ostend. These vessels captured on Wednesday morning, a dogger, bearing Dutch colours, and said to be equipped by the Dutch East-India company at Middleburgh. The officers and crew were, however, chiefly Flemish; the lading was found to have come from Ostend: and the captain of the little French squadron, suspecting imposition, sent one of his frigates with the vessel into Dunkirk, where they are now arrived. The name of the dogger is the Triton , Conrad Cornelis, master.
On Thursday last passed through Birmingham, on her way to London, to take shipping for Botany Bay, Mary Haddock, an active lass, only 16 years old, who was capitally convicted at the last Stafford assizes for horse-stealing, under the name of James Barrow, which sentence is mitigated to a seven years transportation. During her wearing a male attire, previous to her trial, she behaved with the strictest propriety, and there was not the least suspicion of her sex. The two constables who apprehended her, vaunted not a little of their prowess in securing so stout and dangerous a fellow.
For the NATIONAL GAZETTE.
MR. FRENEAU,
THE enemies of genuine republicanism, whose sentiments and conduct but little entitle them to the honorable name of citizens, are constantly buzzing in our ears, the prodigious advantages we have gained by being emancipated from the tyranny of the British government; and yet these men have ever since the consolidation of the states been using every effort to introduce an excise, stamps, and the most oppressive parts of that government; by which means they hope and expect to cheat the people of their rights as men, and to throw the whole weight and power of the government of the United States into the hands of the few. The friends of the people in England, in their address to the nation, of April last, declared that "the instruments of power are not so open and avowed as they formerly were, and therefore the less liable to jealous and invidious reflections; but they are not the weaker upon that account. In short, our national debt and taxes have in their natural consequences thrown such a weight of power into the executive scale of government, as we cannot think was intended by our patriot ancestors who gloriously struggled for the abolition of the then formidable parts of the prerogative, and by an unaccountable want of foresight established this system in their stead."
Previously to the American revolution, we had to contend against the open and avowed despotism of the British cabinet. Since the establishment of the general government, the same ruinous system of British politics, alluded to in the above quotation, has been introduced amongst us, and which, if neglected by the independent freemen of America till such time as the machinations of deep design have effected the scheme of establishing a mercenary army and a full system of corruption, the people will and must re-assume their liberties by a second revolution. CATO.
For the NATIONAL GAZETTE.
E X C I S E.
OBSERVING the notifications of the Excise Officers stuck up in every quarter of the United States, puts me in mind of the conduct of a negro in one of the West-India islands. His master, a mere tyrant, could not get a white man sufficiently severe for an overseer; and knowing that too frequently a man is morose and cruel to his fellow-creatures, in proportion to the low-ness of his origin , determined him to make a negro Cuffee his overseer; the poor fellow not being able to change his colour, by which he might be distinguished from the herd of slaves, and having no coat to the button-hole of which he could suspend an eagle, a cross, or some other token of his exalted station and superior blood, he bethought himself and placed over the door of his cabin the following notification. Dis be de house of Oberseer Cuffee: no vile negro eat any ting on de plantation, without Oberseer give leave!
The yeomanry of the United States are reduced to the situation of slaves on West-India estates, constituting nine tenths of the inhabitants, as they dare not make use of their own industry without being subject to heavy penalties upon the information of a pimping exciseman, placed in every quarter of the country to watch the private actions of the free citizens—O tempora, O mores!
Philad. Aug. 15.
H. B.
PHILADELPHIA.
AUGUST 18, 1792.
It is curious enough to observe in what different points of view the most celebrated characters have been represented at different times and by different describers.—Of this we have a striking instance in the late Lord Chatham, father to the present Prime Minister of Great-Britain, whose abilities and merit have been drawn by the able pens of Lord Chesterfield and Mr. Burke. The former tells us, that "the private life of this great man, was stained by no vices, nor sullied by any meanness.—All his sentiments were liberal and elevated. His ruling passion was an unbounded ambition, which, when supported by great abilities, and crowned by great success, make what the world calls "a great man." He had manners and address,—was a most lively and agreeable companion in social life; and had such a versatility of wit, that he could adapt it to all sorts of conversation. He came young into Parliament, and upon that great theatre soon equalled the oldest and the ablest actors. His eloquence was of every kind, and he excelled in the argumentative as well as declamatory way. In that assembly, where the public good is so much talked of, and private interest singly pursued, he set out with acting the patriot; and performed that part so nobly, that he was adopted by the public as their chief, and only un-suspected champion."
Let us now hear the words of Mr. Burke—"For a wit man, (says he) he seemed to be governed too much by general maxims, which led him into measures greatly mischievous to himself, and perhaps fatal to his country; measures, the effects of which are perhaps forever incurable. He made an administration so chequered and speckled; he put together a piece of joinery so crossly indented and whimsically dovetailed; a cabinet so variously inlaid; such a piece of diversified mosaic; such a tessellated pavement without cement: here a bit of black stone, and there a bit of white: patriots and courtiers; king's friends and republicans; whigs and tories; treacherous friends and open enemies; that it was indeed a very curious show, but utterly unsafe to touch, and insecure to stand on."
It so happened that persons had a single office divided between them, who had never spoken to each other in their lives; until they found themselves, they knew not how, pigging together, heads and points, in the same truckle-bed. When he had executed his plan, he had not an inch of ground to stand on:—when he had accomplished his scheme of administration, he was no longer a minister.—When his face was hid but for a moment, his whole system was on a wide sea, without a chart or compass;—and his particular friends, deprived of his guiding influence, were whirled about, the sport of every gust, and easily driven into any port."
However opposite these representations may be, we find in each sufficient to indicate an extraordinary character;—but we likewise discover how impossible it is to please all men; when even the greatest abilities will not always ensure applause; or the greatest virtue, approbation."
[Belfast Paper.]
REVIEW of POLITICS.
The eastern hemisphere, while we are quietly enjoying the blessings of peace and good government, presents to the speculative a busy and interesting scene.
A general conflict between Liberty and Despotism, cannot but draw the attention, & interest the feelings of freemen. When we see the sons of freedom in France and Poland boldly asserting their rights, we are reminded of what we were, and our wishes are with them.
The combination of Despots against France and her Constitution, appeared at its onset more formidable than it now is. Prussia had taken a decisive part against her; but now is withdrawing her forces, and turning her attention to the hostile motions of Russia against Poland.
It is the most generally received opinion, that Russia would have joined in the cause of Princes against France, but for her intentions on Poland. And her views against this regenerated kingdom were not disclosed until Prussia began to engage in the conflict against France.
Prussia, however, jealous of Russia's intentions, appears desirous of preventing her aggrandizement; or, perhaps, wishes to assert her claim to part of the territory of Poland, should the ruin of that monarchical republic be effected.
Be their intentions what they may, the Poles have tasted of the fountain of liberty—the invigorating draught will give them courage, and the justice of their cause strength to repel, it is hoped, their oppressors.
The manifesto of Catharine against the renovated empire, is marked with tyranny in every line—slightly veiled by an appearance of candour, founded on pretences scarcely plausible in a despot's eye, covering motives of the basest kind; perhaps, upon the whole, forming the darkest trait in this woman's character, and it is to be hoped the last attempt of her boundless ambition.

Poland has been of late active in preparing for defence; but is in point of strength unequal to the contest. She has all to hope from the interference of Prussia, which tho' inimically inclined, yet may, by opposing the views of Russia, produce a timely relief; and also from the death of the Empress, which would undoubtedly be the cause of great changes in her empire.
Austria with her whole force presses on France, who with the energy of freedom will resist the blow, and if fortunate enough to make an impression upon the Austrian arms or territory, will carry, not death and destruction, but liberty and prosperity to the centre of the tyrant's dominions.
Since the beginning of the French revolution, the nation has shewn marks of unexampled patriotism and an ardent love of liberty; they begin to be distinguished for order and system, which united to the first will produce energy.
The progress of La Fayette into the Austrian territory and his success against Namur, Mons, and Charleroy are much doubted—these accounts want confirmation; but the glorious retreat of Gouvion is a proof of the discipline and courage of the troops under that general.
The experience Luckner acquired under one of the first generals this age has produced, gives us all to hope from his exertions in the camp and in the field.
Upon the whole, though the Austrian troops may boast of superior discipline; yet this is their only advantage. The loss of soldiers with them will be irreparable; but does a French citizen fall in the ranks, two will step forward to fill his place.
Pecuniary resources with the French will be found inexhaustible. Compare the coffers of a despot, filled by the collection of execrated taxes, with the sums daily poured on the altar of liberty, by the hand of patriotism, and the contributions collected from a people who themselves fix their proportion.
Spain will probably take no side in the contest. England has declared her neutrality; Sardinia may assist with her good will, her means in men and money are not great.
A spirit of reformation has gone abroad—Englishmen call for a more equal representation in the popular branch of their legislature, but wealth seems to outweigh numbers.
Irishmen complain, and the West-India colonies pretend that it is absurd to be governed by laws made three thousand miles from them, by men they don't know, and conceit they have a right to sell the produce of their industry to whom they please, and at the highest prices they can get.
They begin to entertain an opinion that it is hard to starve when plenty is at their door. In short they act the part of undutiful children, dislike the commands of their mother country, and are ungrateful and unnatural enough to prefer their prosperity to that of their common parent. Casting an eye to the happiness enjoyed by their elder brothers they appear desirous of being considered as of age, and wish to be permitted to shift for themselves.
Extract of a letter from Bermuda, July 25.
“About three weeks since a very distressing accident took place on the reef at the south-west point of these islands. A large brig of near four hundred tons burthen, bound from the West-Indies to Marseilles, in France, supposing themselves near two days sail to the westward, and steering due east, ran foul of the reef in the night. Unfortunately for a number of the passengers, these rocks rise like steeples, almost perpendicular out of the ocean, and afford a vessel no chance after she once strikes. The brig, however, which ran on one of them about midnight, lodged herself for above an hour on one of the ledges, after which she backed off, and went instantly down in blue ocean water. Want of presence of mind to quit her in due time, and the dreadful suction she must have made, in going down, was the cause of several people losing their lives. The following persons perished:—the captain, the second mate, two seamen, two French ladies with each a young child at the breast, a passenger and his negro, in all ten souls. About twenty, or better, got safe to the main land in the long-boat, with nothing but shirt and trowsers. Talk has been in time past of erecting a large lighthouse on some part of these islands, and on an eminence, to prevent such distressing accidents. I am convinced, however, it will always be mere talk, if the commercial nations do not unite in a fund for the purpose, it being a matter that concerns their general advantage, more than ours particularly, as the Bermuda vessels rarely carry sail in the night, when within two or three degrees of the island by their longitude reckoning.
These islands fair with many a grove are crown'd, With cedars tall, gay hills, and lovely vales; But fatal rocks on every side are found, Fatal to him, that, unsuspecting, fails.——
When verging on the height of thirty-two, And east or west you guide the daring prow, Then fear by night the dangers of this shore, Nature's wild garden plac'd in sixty-four— Here many a pilot his rash course bemoans, And many a lofty ship has laid her bones.”
By several late arrivals from the English windward islands, we have learnt, that there is the greatest uneasiness between the merchants and planters of those islands, respecting the regulations which have lately taken place in England on sugars. A deputation from all the windward and leeward islands were to meet on the 24th of July, at Dominica for the purpose of taking into consideration the above as well as the slave-trade business, and to petition parliament on the subject. In St. Kitts they had already come to a determination not to pay the king's duty of 4 1-2 per cent. on rum, in consequence of which actions are entered into against the defaulters.—In Jamaica, it is said, this four and an half per cent. duty is the occasion of clamours equally violent against government.
The commotions in Martinico have entirely subsided, since the arrival of the Assembly's decree in favour of the Mulattoes. The discontented banditti, who were friends to neither whites, mulattoes, or negroes, are said to have fled from the islands, to the number of near a thousand.
The subsequent resolutions have been agreed to by the council and assembly of the island of St. Vincents:
 “First, They feel it particularly incumbent upon them, in the present critical state of affairs, to insist upon their right to internal legislation in all matters relating to the internal government of the colony.  “Secondly, They consider these islands intitled to a full recompence from Great-Britain for whatever losses they may sustain in consequence of either a gradual or total abolition of the slave trade.  “Thirdly, They feel themselves at all times intitled to effectual protection from the mother country, and they conceive it essentially necessary, that the protection now afforded to them should be increased, inasmuch as the internal security of the colonies are greatly endangered by the questions agitated in the parliament of Great-Britain.  “Fourthly, They consider themselves justified in expressing, in the most unequivocal terms, their astonishment and indignation at the unconstitutional and oppressive measures adopted by the British parliament, for reducing the price of British sugars at the British market, far below the price the sugars of the foreign islands are likely to obtain at all the other European markets: and for the further purposes of clogging and restricting a trade, hitherto supported and encouraged by repeated acts of parliament.” 
[From George-Town (Potowmack) Aug. 3.
On Saturday the 4th instant the Corner-Stone, on the western buttment of the Federal-Bridge (being the second corner-stone of the same) was laid in due form, by Uriah Forest, Esq. Mayor of this town, in presence of the aldermen, the recorder, and common councilmen, attended by a numerous concourse of respectable inhabitants of this place, who assembled on this occasion. After the ceremony was over, the company returned to Mr. Suter's Fountain-Inn, where a handsome entertainment was given by the Mayor to the workmen and others, concerned in erecting the bridge.
A correspondent observes, that it must afford a general satisfaction to every well-wisher of the prosperity of the city of Washington, to be assured that the public works, now carrying on in this place, are conducted with spirit & enterprise, & at the same time, with that due regard to economy, which is so absolutely necessary in all extensive public undertakings, where a country is but in its infancy. The Federal-Bridge, which will exceed, when finished, for strength and elegance, any thing of the kind heretofore attempted in this country, will be completed in a few weeks—and it is confidently expected, that against the day in October next, which is advertised for the sale of Lots in the city, the Superintendent of the President's house will have all matters in readiness, for laying the corner-stone of the same (the Third in the Federal City) which will afford the gentlemen concerned in the superintendence of the Federal Buildings, and those who are the Proprietors of lands in the city, an opportunity of displaying their taste in the brilliancy of a third Procession, and of exhibiting their liberality, in an entertainment suitable to the occasion—which may be a further inducement to Purchasers; and thereby benefit themselves as well as contribute to the honour and future prosperity of the City of Washington.
Lately died in Charleston, South-Carolina, Col. ROBERT HERIOT, a gentleman of respectable connections and character in that state. He has left behind him a large, and amiable family, to whom his loss is irreparable. Col. Heriot had been dining with several gentlemen at George-Town, (S.C.) and upon some disturbance happening in the street, they stepped out, to the number of sixteen or seventeen, upon a projecting gallery of a second story, which being rotten, unfortunately gave way and brought them all to the ground, not one of them escaping broken bones, or severe bruises. Col. Heriot had one of his legs broke, and the foot of the other leg badly cut, which mortified in a few days and carried him off.
About four weeks since, the famous Indian partisan known by the name of Capt. Bluejacket, was at Detroit, with about two thousand men, waiting for the American troops to come out into the woods. It was believed at Montreal, that in case the Americans do not go out, the Indians will be divided into small parties to harra's the frontiers.
Comparing several circumstances, there seems to be no solid foundation for the various rumours we have had of several attempts of the French king to escape from his capital.
A western paper informs that five hundred warriors of the Cherokee nation, with their squaws, horses, &c. had gone into Kentucky and joined the white inhabitants, with an intention of taking a part in the ensuing campaign.
JOHN BROWN, and JOHN EDWARDS, Esquires, are chosen to represent the state of Kentucky in the Senate of the United States.
The proposed canal between the Delaware and the Schuylkill is ordered to be staked out, and the work commenced without delay. The water is to be taken from the Schuylkill at the mouth of Stoney-Creek, to lead from thence to the northern bounds of this city. The fall, when it reaches the Delaware, will be about fifty feet.
On the second instant, the Methodist association at Lynn, in Massachusetts, consisting of eight ministers, began their conference. A favourable account was given in by the bishop, of the increase of the church members of that society in the southern states and western territory; but the account he gave of a real work of grace among the people of those parts, was more pleasing than all besides. They continued transacting business till the Monday following, in which time were preached eight sermons. This is their first conference in the state of Massachusetts.
Extract of a letter from Georgia, August 2.
“Reports are prevailing here that Col. Few has declined the next election, as member for the Senate of the United States, and that Gen. Jackson would probably succeed him.”
On Monday, the 6th of this instant, the supreme court of the United States met, when all the judges were present. The attorney-general of the United States gave notice, that he should move the Court on Wednesday following, for a mandamus to the circuit-court of Pennsylvania, commanding them to proceed on the petition of William Hogburne, a claimant of a pension, in which they had refused to proceed, from a supposed nullity of the pension-law. The motion was accordingly begun on Wednesday; when after some prefatory remarks, the attorney-general was asked from the bench, whether he conceived it to be an official right to offer such a motion, as he had intimated it to be. He answered, that he did conceive it to be an official right. Upon which several observations were made, and the debate continued from day to day until Saturday last. The opinions of the judges being then taken, they were equally divided.
In consequence of this division, it was improper for the attorney-general to move the subject officially. He then appeared as counsel for the invalids; and the motion, after being accompanied with the reasons, which influenced him to believe that the inferior court had erred, was postponed for a final decision until the next court.
The important question “whether a state can be sued,” is also set for the first day of the next term.
Letters from France mention, that great numbers of patriotic new-married ladies have waited on the National Assembly, and took a formal oath to be true to the nation and faithful to their husbands while absent on the frontiers in defence of their country. They have also, according to their ability, presented pecuniary offerings for carrying on the war.—The assembly's hall re-echoed with applauses.
On the 7th instant, arrived at Carlisle between two and three hundred troops, under the command of Capt. Mills, on their way to the westward.
Samuel Sterrett, Esquire, representative in Congress, has manifested his wishes not to be re-elected. Col. Samuel Smith, has offered himself a candidate in his stead.
The beginning of the present month, 14 Indian warriors, belonging to the Catawba nation, arrived at Richmond. It is said the design of their visit is to offer their services to the United States in the warfare against the hostile tribes.
A ship is arrived at Charleston, South-Carolina, from Ireland, with upwards of three hundred and fifty settlers from that country.
Lord Howe is appointed Vice-Admiral of England, in the room of Lord Rodney, deceased.
A decree has been reported in the National Assembly of France, authorizing the executive power to treat with the United States of America, for provisions to the amount of four millions of livres, to be delivered at St. Domingo.
On Thursday morning the corpse of a female, said to have been murdered, was found in one of the docks near Kennington. The coroner's inquest and several persons of respectability of both sexes have viewed the body, and given their opinion, that violent attempts of the most atrocious nature had been made on the young woman, and that she had at length been murdered and thrown into the mud. Some circumstances have led to a discovery of the perpetrators of this horrid crime, and we are glad to inform our readers, that before this account appears in print, it is more than probable, the villain or villains are secured.
To the FREEMEN of the United States, and particularly to the Citizens of Pennsylvania.
IT is one of the grand principles in the republican creed, That every citizen has the inestimable right to publish his sentiments without reserve, on any political, religious, or speculative subject, regardless of the place of his birth or present situation; he has an individual right as a citizen of the United States, to investigate the local policy of any state, as it is a link in the grand chain of the Union; he has also an inherent privilege to impeach the refractory disposition that may appear in the inhabitants of any state, and particularly those of Pennsylvania, who stile themselves “the well born.” This unbounded thirst for power and distinction, stimulates them on to accomplish their designs through the medium of a political finess. All those who are uninfluenced by the poison of party or prejudice, that will look dispassionately through the right end of the republican perspective, may discover to an exactness, the baseness of their intrigues, and that their ultimate design is to bring about a revision of the federal constitution, & thereby, in an eminent degree, gain that ascendancy which they have been aiming at.
The present question which so much agitates the minds of the citizens of Pennsylvania, respecting the mode of appointing candidates for the federal representation, is, I conceive, an important one,—one that every free mind ought to feel interested in. Whether the mode by conferees, or that by committee of correspondence, be adopted, matters not, for their principles are, I conceive, the same; both poisonous to an equitable and fair representation: There is in the first place only a partial transfer of the liberty of their suffrages, from the aggregate mass of electors, to the delegated few, stiled conferees or committee of correspondence, who conferring with similar bodies through the state, agree on thirteen persons; in this case the minority indirectly get the power into their own hand, by being united in opinion, and gaining time of the majority, for the day of election hastening, prevents the majority who would wish to think for themselves, of fixing upon a ticket, therefore dividing their interest throws the balance of power into the hands of the designing few.
Secondly. This method is objectionable upon another principle; that is, confining the number nominated, to thirteen, if they were to limit it at four times that number, this part of the method would not be so inimical to the rights of the people, therefore the propriety of Mr. Mirabeau's plan, a writer in the National Gazette, must be obvious to every good man.
There are certain characters rather of a doubtful gender, who are notorious for their want, both of private and public virtue; many of whom being hatched into existence here by their sycophantic address, come forward with all the confidence of a true patriot who has lent his aid in the time of difficulty to establish the standard of Liberty, and endeavor to inflame the minds of the people, with their declamatory and sophistical arguments, composed of metaphors not sufficiently gilded to conceal within the poison with which they themselves are tinctured.—Have a care ye votaries of Liberty, lest these incendiaries, these political plagues, should, under the cloak of patriotism, thrust the poignard to the vitals of the federal constitution, and sap the foundation of the corner-stone upon which our political happiness rests.
A PLEBEIAN.
Aug. 16.
Mr. FRENEAU,
A small mistake was made in the ticket which I offered you for publication: By re-publishing it as follows, you will confer a favour on MIRABEAU.
 William Findley,  Frederick A. Muhlenberg,  Thomas Fitzsimons,  Daniel Heister,  William Bingham,  William M c Clay,  William Irvine, of Cumberland,  Thomas Hartley,  Peter Muhlenberg,  James Ross, of Washington,  John W. Kittera,  Thomas Scott,  John Arndt, Jun. 
The different printers will be so obliging as to make the above correction.
** The Piece signed JANUS, came to hand too late for this days publication,

[It would be a desirable thing for the public to be informed, on the general sense of the people of the state of New-York relative to their late Election of Governor: The following resolutions, passed on the 4th instant at a meeting of the freeholders of the town of Livingston, in the Manor of Livingston, will afford an idea of the opinions prevalent in that part.]
THIS meeting, taking into serious consideration the violent measures pursuing by a certain party in this state, to obtain redress of a supposed grievance, do unanimously adopt the following resolutions, viz.
Resolved, That, by the constitution of this state, the legislature have a right to prescribe the mode of conducting and determining elections for Governor, Lieutenant Governor, and Senators, and that a majority of the late canvassing committee were constitutionally empowered ultimately to determine upon the votes taken at the late election for said officers, and that their decision is conclusively binding upon the good people of this state.
Resolved, That there is no reason whatever to suspect the majority of said committee of corruption or partiality in rejecting the votes of Otsego, Clinton, or Tioga, but that, considering the public confidence they have so long enjoyed; the solemn ties under which they acted, and the caution and deliberation with which they proceeded, there is good ground to believe, and it is the unanimous opinion of this meeting, that they decided upon those votes conscientiously, and agreeably to the best of their judgment, and that the reasons, assigned by them for such rejection, are sufficient to satisfy every considerate and candid person, that the question was neither hastily, partially, or corruptly determined.
Resolved, That we think it an incumbent duty on every good citizen to support his Excellency George Clinton, Esq. as Governor, and the Honorable Pierre Van Cortlandt as Lieutenant Governor of this state, for the ensuing three years; they having been, by a majority of the late canvassing committee, constitutionally, and in due form of law, declared to be respectively chosen to said offices.
Resolved, That, in our opinion, there was less cause for rejecting the votes of Cornwall and Castleton, than those of Otsego, Clinton, or Tioga, but that, the canvassers having a right to reject them, and having, no doubt, acted conscientiously in so doing, it is the duty of the citizens of this state to acquiesce in their decision; and that, in our opinion, there was less danger in pursuing the strict letter of the law, than in allowing themselves any latitude in the construction of it.
Resolved, That, the canvassers having unanimously rejected eight towns for omission merely formal, it appears, that they thought themselves bound to adhere to the strict letter of the election law, and that, therefore, they could not, without manifest partiality, and deviating from principles unanimously established, agree to count the votes of Otsego, Clinton, and Tioga: We therefore, consider, that the conduct of the minority, who voted for eliminating the ballots of those counties, justly subjects them to the suspicion of partiality, inasmuch as this very minority had previously determined, for very trifling informality, to reject the votes of several towns, where there was no room to suspect fraud or unfairness.
Resolved, That the protest of the minority is evidently partial, in excepting to the election of John Livingston, as a senator for the eastern district, and not excepting to that of John Frey, as a senator for the western district: The reasons assigned by them occurring equally strong in both cases.
Resolved, That, the law having prescribed a punishment for corrupt or partial conduct in the canvassers, there is no necessity of applying to the legislature for redress on the present occasion; and it is our unanimous opinion, that no opposition can be made to the decision of the canvassers, or any attempt to reverse the same, without danger of subverting the government; that such opposition is unprecedented, although former canvassers have, in some instances, destroyed those votes that were rejected on the late canvass: That such opposition produces a want of confidence in government, and, if countenanced by respectable characters, may terminate in resistance to the decrees of the supreme federal court, and other judicial tribunals.
And whereas it has been asserted in public prints and private conversation, that the inhabitants of this town were, at the late election, under improper influence, and that the inspectors permitted persons to vote who were not qualified:
Resolved, That those assertions are not founded in fact, and that the fabricators of them meet the indignation of every lover of truth; that there are not less than four hundred electors in this town qualified to vote for Governor, Lieutenant Governor and Senators, and that the inspectors of the late election held in this town, faithfully discharged their duty as such.
Resolved, That we will lend every aid in our power to our fellow citizens in other parts of this state, to preserve the peace and tranquility of the community, and to maintain inviolate the government and laws thereof.
By order of the Meeting Wm. ROCKEFELLER, Chairman
From the VIRGINIA GAZETTE.
I THINK it my duty to inform the community that early in the ensuing session of Assembly, I shall make a motion to recommend to the citizens of this commonwealth, that a convention be called, for the purposes of establishing a system of government more congenial to republican principles than that by which we are now governed:
Among many objects which ought to be contemplated, this measure is principally dictated by the opinion, that equality and liberality of representation, are the fundamental pillars of liberty—that the right to be represented, is the natural and unalienable privilege of every citizen who duly contributes to the support of government—and that the constitution of this state, if we have one at all, is very repugnant to both.
Two objections will be advanced—first, the expense of the convention—secondly, the danger of
relaxing the sinews of government: To which I observe, that the expense will bear no comparison to the inestimable advantages of a free and equally represented government; and that no man of common understanding, or knowledge of the temper and wishes of our citizens, can be seriously apprehensive, that they from whom the government springs, by whom it is supported, and to whom it belongs, will, in the necessary exercise of the natural and imprescriptible privileges, seditionally attempt to do any thing, the evil of which will ultimately devolve on themselves.
No government can long be free except one by Representation, and every step which a government falls short of equality, it recedes from liberty. Neither this, nor the present inequality of representation, can be denied.
It will be said, that the necessity of this change, does not now exist, because Congress have under their controul, all the great objects of legislation. To this it may be answered, that Congress have established an excise, odious even in monarchical countries—they have imposed duties too enormous for a free people to bear—they have established an army, when there is not the prospect of an enemy against whom the army is to operate—they have restricted the free circulation of newspapers, by a measure unprecedented, and extremely obnoxious—and if we are to conclude, in future, from the past, I fear that we shall be led on to experience the favorite and diabolical maxim, that the exigencies of government should be always equal to her resources. If so, and this principle shall be the basis of federal legislation, we may expect that armies and navies will increase upon us, as fast as we have the ability to pay their expenses—nor will it be material whether we pay £. 10. per annum, by purchasing rum at 7/6. instead of 4/6. per gallon—nails at 12s. instead of 10s. per M. or pay the money directly to the Collector or Exciseman.
Taxes throughout the world beget armies—and armies re-produce taxes,—Armies, whatever the pretext for raising them, have either been the direct oppressors, or tools of oppressive power, in every age and clime: And although I do not fear that the present American army, for many of whom I have a high personal respect, can be thus used, because of their own sentiments, I fear for future times: I dislike the principle—I dislike the expense:—I know that a regular army is not calculated for an Indian war—that we have not another offensive enemy if we seek one—and that one fourth, or less than a fourth, of the present military expense, would keep peace with our savage neighbours.
Such sentiments, under such circumstances, induce me to think that we ought not to delay the internal regulation of our government.
HENRY BANKS.
Richmond, August 6, 1792.
Prices Current at Philadelphia.
[Dollars equal to 100 cents.]
 ASHES Pot per ton 90 Dols. to 100  Ashes Pearl 137 — 140.  Bacon flitches per lb. 7 cents.  Bacon shoulders 6 do.  Bees wax per lb. 25 cents to 27.  Brandy, Coniac per gl. 1 dol. 20 c. to 1 d. 33 c.  Brandy, common 1 dol. 26 c.  Butter, in kegs per lb. 9 c. to 10.  Coals per bushel 20 c. to 22  Coffee per lb. 18 to 19 c.  Cotton per lb. 26 c. to 40  Flax per lb. 11 to 12 c.  Flour, superfine per barrel, 4 Dol. 80 C.  Common 4 dols. 47 c.  Burr middlings best, per bbl. 2 d. 50 to 2 d. 70  Meal Indian 2 dols. 52 c.  Rye 2 dols. 40 c.  Ship stuff per cwt. 80 c. to 1 dol.  Gin, Hollands per cask 4 dols. 67 c.  Ginseng per lb. 20 c. to 24  Grain, barley per bushel 90 c.  best fluted per lb. 3 c.  Buck-wheat per bushel, 40 c.  Indian corn 44 c. Oats 26 c. pr. bush.  Rye 54, Wheat 93 to 95 c.  Hams per lb. 8 c. to 9  Hemp imported, per ton 120 dols. to 146 67 c.  American per lb. 4 c. to 5  Hides raw, per lb. 9 c. to 11  Indigo Carolina, per lb. 60 c. to 1 dol.  Iron bar, per ton 82 dols. 67 c.  Castings per cwt. 3 dols. 47 c.  Nail-rod per ton 96 dols.  Pigs per ton, 24 dols. to 26 dols. 67 c.  Sheet per ton, 173 dols 33 c.  Lard hogs, per lb. 9 c. to 10  Lead in bars, per cwt. 7 dols.  In pigs 5 dols. 33 c. to 5 dols. 67 c.  Red 6 dols. 40 c. to 6 dols. 67 c.  White 10 dols. to 10 dols. 67 c.  Myrtle wax per lb. 18 c.  Molasses per gal. 44 c. to 50  Nutmegs per lb. 7 to 8 dollars  Oil, Linseed per gallon, 65 to 67 c.  Pepper per lb. 37.  Pimento 16 c.  Porter, London per dozen, 1 dol. 60 c.  American 1 d. 4 c. to 1 d. 60 c.  Pitch per barrel, 1 dol. 73 c. to 2 dols.  Pork, Burlington per barrel, 11 dols to 11 d 33c.  Lower County do. 10 dols.  Carolina do. 9 dols.  Rice per 100 lb. 2 dols. 50 c. to 2 dol. 67 c.  Rosin per barrel, 2 dols. 33 c. to 2 dols. 67 c.  Rum, Antigua per gallon, 1 dol.  Barbadoes do. do. 87 c.  New-England &c. 67 c.  Jamaica 1 dol. 18 c. to 1 d. 22 c.  Windward Island 93 c. to 1 d.  Salt, (Allom) per bushel, 24 to 27 c.  Cadiz 23 to 24 c.  Lithon 25 to 27 c.  Liverpool 29 c.  Skins, Deer in hair, per lb. 20 to 30 c.  Red ditto, 26 to 33 c.  Snake-Root per lb. 30 c. to 42  Sugar, Havana white, per lb. 17 to 18 c.  Brown per lb. 15 c.  Muscovado per cwt. 13 d. to 15 d. 33 c.  Lump per lb. 24 c.  Loaf single refined, 26 c.  Loaf double ditto, 36 c.  Tallow refined, per lb. 9 c. 
 Tar, New-Jersey 24 gal. to the bbl. 1 dol.  Carolina 32 gal. 1 dol. 33 c. to 1 dol. 67 c.  Tea, Hyson per lb. 93 c. to 1 dol. 28 c.  Hyson skin 52 c. to 67  Souchong 50 c. to 93  Congo 43 c. to 50  Bohea 30 c. to 33  Tobacco, James River best. per cwt. 3 dols. 60 to 3 dols. 73 c.  Inferior 2 dols. 67 c. to 3 dols. Old, 4 dols. 67 c.  Rappahannock 2 dols. 50 c. to 3 dol  Coloured Maryland 5 d. 33 c. to 8 d  Dark 2 dols. 40 c.  Long leaf 2 dols. 40 c.  Eastern Shore 2 dols. to 2 dols. 23 c.  Carolina, new 2 dols. 7 c. to 3 dols.  Carolina, old 2 dols. 7 c. to 3 dol.  Turpentine, per barrel 1 dol. 67 c. to 2 dols.  Wine, Madeira per pipe 106 dl. 67 c. to 200 dl.  Lisbon 120 to 126  Teneriffe per gal. 63.  Fayal 52  Port per pipe 110 to 124.  Sherry per gal. 90 c. to 1 d. 20 c. 
FOR SALE,
ABOUT 100,000 acres of Land, lying near Whitestown, in the state of New-York, on the north side of the Mohawk river, adjoining Nobleborough, and will be sold either in parcels or together, as may suit the purchasers.
N. B. The above tract of land is of the first quality in the state, chiefly timbered with beech and maple, well watered, and contains many mill seats. The peculiar advantages of this tract, situated within a few miles of Whitestown (which contains upwards of five thousand inhabitants) with an easy and convenient water carriage to Schenectady, Albany, and New-York, make it an object for any persons inclined to settle, and render it an extremely advantageous purchase for persons inclined to realize their money in land of an increasing value. The whole tract or any part of it, will be sold very low for cash, or for part cash, and the remaining payments at distant periods. Enquire at No. 229 Queen-street, near the Fly-market. July 19.
BOOKS,
Printed and sold by MATHEW CAREY, No. 118, Market-Street, Philadelphia.
 1. American Museum, from its commencement in January 1787, to December 1791, in ten vols. Price, neatly bound and lettered, sixteen dollars. This work, which is now conducted on an improved plan, containing the best pieces published for and against the proceedings of government, will be found to contain at least as great a variety of political, agricultural, and miscellaneous essays, as any ever published in America. Perhaps in no one work are so many valuable documents respecting the history of this country, collected together. His excellency the President of the United States, has declared of it, that "a more useful literary plan has never been undertaken in America, nor one more deserving of public encouragement." The subscription is two dollars and a half per annum. Gentlemen in the country who wish to be supplied with this work, are requested to give commission to friends in the city to subscribe for and receive it.  2. Ladies' Pocket Library—containing:—Miss More's Essays; Gregory's Legacy; Lady Pennington's advice; Marchioness of Lamberg's advice; Swift's letter to a newly married lady; Mrs. Chapone on command of temper; More's fables for the ladies—Price 6/6.  3. Smith's History of New-York, from its first settlement to the year 1732. To which is annexed, a description of the country, with a short account of the inhabitants, their religious and political state, and the constitution of the courts of justice—Price a dollar and a quarter.  4. Elements of Moral Science, by James Beattie, L.L.D. professor of moral philosophy and logic in the Marischal College, Aberdeen—Price three fourths of a dollar. Of this book the Critical Reviewers (vol. 69. p. 628) say: "We have seen nothing on these subjects more plain, more perspicuous, or more generally useful."  5. Beauties of Poetry, British and American, containing select productions of the most eminent British and American poets. Price four fifths of a dol.  6. Blair's Sermons, containing the whole of the three volumes of the British edition, in two. Price two dollars.  7. Neckar's Treatise on the importance of religious opinions. Price four fifths of a dollar.  8. Examination of the observations of Lord Sheffield's on American Commerce. Price, on very fine paper, five eighths of a dollar.  9. The Constitutions of the several United States, with the federal Constitution, &c. Price five eighths of a dollar.  10. M'Fingal, an epic poem, a new edition in 12mo. Price three eighths of a dollar.  11. American Jest Book, in two parts, with two very neat engravings. Price bound, three fifths of a dollar.  12. Garden of the Soul, by Bishop Chalmers. Price, bound plain, half a dollar, in calf and lettered three quarters of a dollar, plain 1-2dol.  13. The Douay Translation of the vulgate Bible, in quarto. Price, elegantly bound and lettered, 50/2—plain, six dollars.  Said Carey has for sale, a large assortment of books, European as well as American editions, which he will dispose of on the most reasonable terms; Country gentlemen, who favor him with commands, may depend upon being supplied in the most satisfactory manner. A liberal allowance to such as purchase quantities for public libraries, or to sell again. May 17. Gm.12.w.
George Town, June 2, 1792.
A NUMBER of LOTS in every situation which may be desired in the city of Washington, will be offered for sale, by the Commissioners on Monday the 8th day of October next. One fourth part of the purchase money to be paid down, the residue in three equal annual payments, with yearly interest on the whole principal unpaid. JOHN M. GANTT, Clerk to the Commissioners. July 25.
To be published by Subscription, THE AMERICAN REMEMBRANCER, OR PROCEEDINGS OF THE Old Congress,
From their first Meeting in September 1774, to their final dissolution in March 1789,
COMPRISING at full length, every important resolution, order, address, declaration, &c. contained in the thirteen volumes of the journals—a concise summary of the less interesting parts,—an alphabetical list of appointments, promotions and resignations—a collective view of the public expenditures, &c. &c.—the whole intended to serve as a satisfactory substitute for the original journals, which are now out of print, and of which the entire substance, unincumbered with official formalities and repetitions, will here be given in about one fourth of their present bulk, accompanied with one complete general Index:—To which will be added, a copious and valuable collection of original
State Papers,
from the Records and Files of Congress, CONTAINING (either verbatim, or in abstract, as the cases may severally require) such interesting pieces referred to in the journals, as may with propriety be permitted to be made public, viz. Letters from the different officers employed in the public service during the late war—intercepted letters of the enemy—communications from governors, state legislatures, conventions, and committees—dispatches from agents and commissioners—instructions—reports of committees of Congress; and various other authentic documents, tending to throw a light on the important events, to which America owes her present independence.
Secret Journals,
as no longer require secrecy. As soon as 500 copies are subscribed for, the work will be put to press, to be delivered to subscribers, in numbers of 304 octavo pages each, at ONE DOLLAR, in blue boards. The Subscription money will not be required for the first Number, until the publication is begun; and on the delivery of each number, half a dollar will be expected in advance for the succeeding one. To non-subscribers, the price will be raised. SUBSCRIPTIONS will be received by the principal booksellers throughout the Union, and by the Editor. JOHN CAREY. No. 26, Pear-Street, Philadelphia.
THIS DAY IS PUBLISHED, And for Sale at the Printing-Office, No. 209, Market-Street, and at Thomas Dobson's Book-Store in Second-Street. Price Three-Eighths of a Dollar,
ADVICE TO THE PRIVILEGED ORDERS, in the SEVERAL STATES OF EUROPE, Resulting from the necessity and propriety of a General Revolution in the Principle of Government. By JOEL BARLOW, Esquire.
TO THE PUBLIC.
THE Subscriber has it in contemplation soon to decline his present business—and having on hand a considerable quantity of superfine second and elastic cloths, together with a variety of other articles in his way, proposes to sell them at the following reduced prices, VIZ.   Best Superfine navy blue 34/.  Ditto, ditto. Scarlet 36/.  Common colours superfine 32/.  Elastic stripes 9/.  London buff and white cassimirs 15/6.  Ditto, coloured do. 15/.  Yorkshire do. do. 13/6.  Striped toiletens 14/.  Ratine 3/.  Striped Nankeens 3/4.   A variety of waistcoat shapes proportionably low Fancy buttons and trimmings do. London best silk hose, from 22/6 to 24/.  The above goods have been mostly imported from one of the first mercantile houses in London, and are of an equal quality to any imported into America; they will be sold per piece or smaller quantity as may best suit the purchasers, by the public's most humble servant, JOHN SHEPHERD.  Any person disposed to purchase the whole of the above stock, may also have on reasonable terms his present dwelling house together with its store, a more eligible situation for business in the tailor's line is not to be found in this city. The advantage of this business being so well established by the proprietor will be very great, and from well known facts, needs no comment. A lease of six years may be had of the house. May 14. 2aw. tf.
*** Three handsome Editions of the Laws of the United States for sale at this office (No. 209 Market-street) in folio and octavo, either full or half bound—N.B. The Laws of the last Session, in octavo only, may be had separate, price three eighths of a dollar,
PRINTED BY CHILDS AND SWAIN, AT THEIR OFFICE NO. 209, HIGH-STREET NEAR FIFTH-STREET, PHILADELPHIA.