Gazette of the United-States. (New-York [N.Y.]), 1790-11-10 00:00:00

Gazette of the United States.
PUBLISHED WEDNESDAYS AND SATURDAYS BY JOHN FENNO, No. 69, MARKET-STREET, BETWEEN SECOND AND THIRD STREETS, PHILADELPHIA.
[No. 56, of Vol. II.]
WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 10, 1790.
[Whole No. 160.]
The Tablet.—No. 148.
[The last number was by mistake put 149.]
“There is unavoidably a congeniality of character between the tone of government and the state of society.”
IN calculating the force of those reasons which have a favorable aspect upon the freedom and prosperity of a community, we should first look to the character of the inhabitants, and fix that as the most essential point on which the question turns. The state of society, more than the form of government, is to be regarded in estimating the chances in favor of public liberty. For, though one political constitution may have a preference over another, yet none that can be imagined will render liberty secure, unless there be a predisposition of other causes to make it so. In the United States the form of government is supposed to be as perfect, as can be framed by any light that can at present be derived from human wisdom; but our situation would be far less eligible than it is, if the duration of our freedom did not rest on a better foundation than words and stipulations defined on parchment. While it is the personal interest of the great bulk of the inhabitants to pursue such a system of conduct as will best comport with the views of the government, there is the strongest pledge, both on the part of the people and their rulers, that each will regard the prosperity of the other. Every class of citizens is, in some measure, a check upon other classes; and every individual of the same class is a check upon other individuals. No man can prosper in his occupation, and to do which is the main desire of his heart, unless he be honest and industrious; and while he is so, the government can calculate upon him as a safe and useful citizen. The legislature must be formed of men who participate of the national character; and as our inhabitants have so many motives of a personal nature, to prefer a virtuous life to a vicious one, we may expect good men, and of course a good government. That circumstance, which more than any other, promises duration to a government, is that the citizens feel and acknowledge their private interest to be connected with that of the public. This at once removes those sources of discontent and insurrection which flow from the belief, that the views of the government are at variance with the interest of individuals.
The smallest deviation from rectitude in any public officer, or a want of abilities to execute his trust with propriety, can never elude the public discernment. It is therefore a thing to be always expected that our public administration will be able and virtuous. There is little danger that any person, from intrigue or powerful connections, can long sustain an office which he does not fill with some degree of reputation to himself, and advantage to the community. Perhaps some worthier man may be left out of office, but he who fills it, must possess some share of merit. The body of electors, in this country, are too numerous to be bribed in any instance, and they generally have too independent a temper to second the views of vile and mercenary candidates. The most that is to be feared from cabal and party influence, is that the very best men may not always succeed against characters of inferior pretensions; but he who does succeed must be a person far removed from the basest of mankind.
Few of those causes, which kept the ancient republics in such tumult and agitation, exist in this country. Our notions and regulations respecting property are well known and defined. The laws are generally understood and approved of; and the citizens are apt to view a man as their enemy, who avows himself an enemy to law and justice. A defect of knowledge in points respecting property, and an imperfect system of laws, were the principal causes why the turbulent temper of antient times could not be restrained. There were less energetic motives for peace and tranquility, than for war and confusion, according to the ideas which the antients had imbibed of happiness and dignity. But a turn of thinking very different from that prevails among our citizens. And while they are so solicitous to pursue their various callings, undisturbed by factions or wars, it must be their most ardent desire that the laws should be equal and energetic, and that their execution should, under no pretence, be impeded. (To be continued.)
[The following beautiful, and animated description of the “ADVANTAGES OF COMMERCE,” written by a justly celebrated English author, can never be read without pleasure.]
ADVANTAGES OF COMMERCE.
THERE is no place in town which I so much love to frequent as the Royal Exchange.—It gives me a secret satisfaction, and in some measure gratifies my vanity as an Englishman, to see so rich an assembly of my countrymen and foreigners consulting together upon the private business of mankind, and making this metropolis a kind of emporium for the whole earth. I must confess, I look upon high change to be a grand council, in which all considerable nations have their representatives. Factors, in the trading world, are what ambassadors are in the political world. They negotiate affairs, conclude treaties, and maintain a good correspondence between those wealthy societies of men, that are divided from one another by seas and oceans, or live on the different extremities of a continent. I have often been pleased to hear disputes adjusted between an inhabitant of Japan and an alderman of London, or to see a subject of the great Mogul entering into a league with one of the Czar of Muscovy. I am infinitely delighted in mixing with these several ministers of commerce, as they are distinguished by their different walks and different languages. Sometimes I am jostled among a body of Armenians; sometimes I am lost in a crowd of Jews; and sometimes make one in a group of Dutchmen. I am a Dane, a Swede, or Frenchman, at different times; or rather fancy myself like the old philosopher, who, upon being asked what countryman he was, replied, That he was a citizen of the world.
This grand scene of business gives me an infinite variety of solid and substantial entertainment. As I am a great lover of mankind, my heart naturally overflows with pleasure at the sight of a prosperous and happy multitude; insomuch, that, at many public solemnities, I cannot forbear expressing my joy with tears. For this reason, I am wonderfully delighted to see such a body of men thriving in their own private fortunes, and at the same time promoting the public stock; or, in other words, raising estates for their own families, by bringing into their country whatever is wanting, and carrying out of it whatever is superfluous.
Nature seems to have taken a particular care to disseminate her blessings among the different regions of the world, with an eye to this mutual intercourse and traffic among mankind, that the natives of the several parts of the globe might have a kind of dependence upon one another, and be united together by their common interests. Almost every degree produces something peculiar to it. The food often grows in one country and the sauce in another. The fruits of Portugal are corrected by the products of Barbadoes; the infusion of a China plant sweetened with the pith of an Indian cane. The Philippine islands give a flavour to our European bowls. The single dress of a woman of quality is often the product of an hundred climates. The muf and the fan come together from the different ends of the earth. The scarf is sent from the torrid zone, and the tippet from beneath the pole. The brocade petticoat rises out of the minds of Peru, and the diamond necklace out of the bowels of Indostan.
If we consider our own country in its natural prospect, without any of the benefits and advantages of commerce, what a barren uncomfortable spot of earth falls to our share! Natural historians tell us, that no fruit grows originally among us besides hips and haws, acorns and pig-nuts, with other delicacies of the like nature; that our climate, of itself, and without the assistance of art, can make no farther advances towards a plum than a sloe, and carries an apple to no greater perfection than a crab; that our melons, our peaches, our figs, our apricots, and our cherries, are strangers among us, imported in different ages, and naturalized in our English gardens; and that they would all degenerate and fall away into the trash of our own country, if they were wholly neglected by the planter, and left to the mercy of our sun and soil.
Nor has traffic more enriched our vegetable world than it has improved the whole face of nature among us. Our ships are laden with the harvest of every climate; our tables are stored
with spices, and oils, and wines; our rooms are filled with pyramids of china, and adorned with the workmanship of Japan; our morning's draught comes to us from the remotest corners of the earth; we repair our bodies by the drags of America, and repose ourselves under Indian canopies. My friend, Sir Andrew, calls the vineyard of France, our gardens; the spice-islands, our hot-beds; the Persians, our silk weavers; and the Chinese, our potters. Nature, indeed, furnishes us with the bare necessaries of life; but traffic gives us a great variety of what is useful, and at the same time supplies us with every thing that is convenient and ornamental. Nor is it the least part of this our happiness, that, while we enjoy the remotest products of the north and south, we are free from those extremities of weather which give them birth; that our eyes are refreshed with the green fields of Britain, at the same time that our palates are feasted with fruits that rise between the tropics.
For these reasons, there are not more useful members in a commonwealth than merchants. They knit mankind together in a mutual intercourse of good offices, distribute the gifts of nature, find work for the poor, add wealth to the rich, and magnificence to the great. Our English merchant converts the tin of his own country into gold, and exchanges his wool for rubies. The Mahometans are clothed in our British manufactures, and the inhabitants of the frozen zone are warmed with the fleeces of our sheep.
When I have been upon Change, I have often fancied one of our old kings standing in person where he is represented in effigy, and looking down upon the wealthy concourse of people with which that place is every day filled. In this case, how would he be surprised to hear all the languages of Europe spoken in this little spot of his former dominions, and to see so many private men, who, in his time, would have been the vassals of some powerful baron, negotiating, like princes, for greater sums of money than were formerly to be met with in the royal treasury! Trade, without enlarging the British territories, has given us a kind of additional empire; it has multiplied the number of the rich, made our landed estates infinitely more valuable than they were formerly, and added to them an accession of other estates as valuable as the lands themselves.
AMERICAN ANTIQUITY.
ON the eastern shore of the Mississippi, in near 47 degrees north latitude, and some miles below Lake Peppin, is a level open plain, on which is an elevation, which, even at a distance, has the appearance of an entrenchment; and, upon the strictest examination, it appears that it has really been intended for this purpose many centuries ago. Notwithstanding it is now covered with grass, it is plainly to be discovered that it was once a breast work, about four feet in height, extending the best part of a mile, and sufficiently capacious to cover five thousand men. Its form is somewhat circular, and its flanks reach to the river. Though much defaced by time, every angle is distinguishable, and appears as regular, and fashioned with as much military skill as if planned by Vauban himself. The ditch though not very visible, yet there are evident marks of there certainly having been one. From its situation there can be no doubt that it must have been designed for a fortification. It fronts the country, and its rear is covered by the river, nor is there any rising ground for a considerable way that commands it, and only a few straggling oaks are to be seen near it. They who observe this work with a skilful eye, see in it evident traces of very great antiquity; but it is hard to tell how it could have been produced in a country that has hitherto, according to the generally received opinion, been the seat of war-like untutored Indians alone, whose whole stock of military knowledge has only, till within two centuries amounted to drawing the bow, and whose only breast work, even at present, is the thicket. It is hoped the time is not far distant when persons of skill will be enabled by the bounty of the public, to investigate not only this but many other American antiquities, and by this means give us some idea of the antient inhabitants, and state of regions, that we at present believe to have been from the earliest period only the habitation of savages.
L O N D O N, August 28.
Extract of a letter from Warsaw, August 3.
AMONG the different objects occupying the diet latterly, they have decreed the suppression of Abbeys, of which the revenues, amounting to 300,000 florins, are applied to the invalids and the hospitals.
“In order to attach the united Greeks of Volbinia and the Ukraine to the republic, they have agreed to admit their archbishop into their senate.
“For those yet disunited, they reserve themselves to form such resolutions as may make them cordially co-operate at length.
“The ancient yoke of aristocracy shackling the people, is about to be broken forever, and the heretofore fettered subject, come forward and boldly assert and maintain the dignity and independence of his being.”

L O N D O N, Aug. 31.
The States General have admitted the hereditary Prince of Orange to a seat in the Council of State, and they have intimated at the same time, that if the Stadholder shall appoint him a general in their armies, they will allow 10,000 florins a year of extra pay.
P A R I S, Aug. 16.
M. Dupre has published, "A justification of the Duke of New Orleans," but the tide of popular opinion runs so strongly against the prince, that it is impossible to turn it by cool reasoning. — "Epaminondas, (says the author, at the conclusion of his pamphlet) was condemned by his ungrateful countrymen for having defeated their enemies; and Louis Philippe Joseph, Duke of Orleans, is condemned for having SAVED the empire of France."
M. de Gazales, who fought a duel with M. Bar-nave, is in a fair way of recovery.
Since the National Assembly's decree, which suppresses all titular and borrowed names, with all the DES that can be found in the French families, the players have resumed their humble appellations; La Rine, Dugazon, Fleury, and Beau-lieu, are now called Manduit, Courgaud, Mesnard, Thierriet, and Bremond. Why should you be ashamed, gentlemen, to be called by your family names? M. Guignard, (St. Priest) Madame Bruard (Genles and Silly) and many other persons of distinction, have set you the example. Were Moliere and Voltaire alive, they would certainly sign their letters Poequelin and Arouet. Let your conduct in life be blameless, and reflect that Garrick, Lekain, Baron, and Brigard never altered their names.
Avignon has published, in a manifesto, the reasons for leaving the papal yoke; the pamphlet contains but thirty-two pages, but abounds with curious anecdotes respecting the administering justice under that ecclesiastical government. Two men having had some words in a public street, began to fight; an honest fellow passing by, was lucky enough to persuade the antagonists to desist. The Attorney General, incensed at the loss of a criminal suit at law, had the mediator arrested, for having interrupted the course of justice: To obtain his liberty, he was obliged to pay the expenses the affray would have produced in court. For ten crowns, a debtor at Avignon, can obtain a respite for five years, which was a quinquennial brief; for the same sum the creditor obtained another brief, that annulled the respite. The debtor could procure himself, for ten crowns more, another delay, at a different tribunal; so that the debtors and creditors were incessantly feeding the greedy leeches of justice—the former to pay, the latter never to be paid.
"The general confederacy, says the author of a spirited pamphlet, should be renewed every twenty-five years, beginning from the present one; and take the place of those jubilees, not evangelic, but papal, to which we have too long submitted. It is no longer the time to amuse and seduce the people with indulgencies; the enthusiasm of liberty, an attachment to their country, and the virtues and courage of patriotism must be inculcated to them."
M. l'Abbe Raynal, the celebrated historian, has been restored, by a decree of the National Assembly, to the rights of a citizen, of which he had been deprived by an arrest of the Parliament of Paris, in 1781. Lewis the XVIth. notwithstanding the arrest, had recalled the Abbe about two years ago, but his religious tenets were always an obstacle to his being re-instated.
ST. GEORGE'S (Grenada) Aug. 20.
The following is the translation of a letter received by his excellency general Mathew, from Don Joseph Maria Chacon, governor of Trinidad. Island of Trinidad, Sept. 4.
MOST EXCELLENT SIR,
I HAVE the pleasure to communicate to your Excellency that the custom of acknowledging and declaring, for free, the fugitive slaves from the other Antilles, in this island, has ceased according to the directions given me in the Royal Order, which I have received, dated at Aranjuez, 17th of May last.
As his Majesty's intention is to stop the flight of negroes, of that and the other islands who came to this government to enjoy their freedom, I thought proper (exclusive of the publication I ordered the 28th August last) to acquaint your Excellency of this circumstance—in order that being informed in your government that the fugitive slaves from thence can have no manner of protection here, that they may abstain from running away from their masters, to whom, such as henceforward may come here, will be returned, in case they are reclaimed, and the property regularly proved.
I wish for occasions to shew your Excellency, the honor of being, most excellent sir, your attentive and respectful servant, JOSEPH MARIA CHACON.
His Excellency Edward Mathew, } governor-general of Grenada. }
SEPTEMBER 24.
On Sunday last a Spanish brig arrived here with a cargo of Logwood, and ten thousand dollars on board. This is the first vessel of that description that has come to an entry at this port, agreeable to the late amendment in the free-port act, by which it is expected that the valuable trade with the Spaniards will be greatly advanced, as it is no longer confined to vessels of any particular burthen.
L A B O U R.
Palma negata macrum, demata reducit opimum.—HOR.
—To sink in shame, or swell with pride.
As the gay palm is granted or deny'd.—FRANCIS.
THE multitudes that support life by corporal labour and eat their bread in the sweat of their brow, commonly regard inactivity as idleness; and have no conception that weariness can be contracted in an elbow-chair, by now and then peeping into a book and musing the rest of the day: the sedentary and studious, therefore, raise their envy or contempt, as they appear either to possess the conveniences of life by the mere bounty of fortune, or to suffer the want of them by refusing to work.
It is, however, certain, that to think, is to labour; and that as the body is affected by the exercise of the mind, the fatigue of the study is not less than of the field or the manufactory.
But the labour of the mind, though it is equally wearisome with that of the body is not attended with the same advantages. Exercise gives health, vigour, and cheerfulness, sound sleep, and a keen appetite: The effects of sedentary thoughtfulness are diseases that imbitter and shorten life, interrupted rest, tasteless meals, perpetual languor and causeless anxiety.
No natural inability to perform manual operations, has been observed to proceed from disinclination; the reluctance, if it cannot be removed, may be surmounted; and the artificer then proceeds in his work with as much dexterity and exactness, as if no extraordinary effort had been made to begin it: but with respect to the productions of imagination and wit, a mere determination of the will is not sufficient; there must be a disposition of the mind which no human being can procure, or the work will have the appearance of a forced plan, in the production of which the industry of art has been substituted for the vigour of nature.
Nor does this disposition always ensure success, though the want of it never fails to render application ineffectual; for the writer who sits down in the morning fired with his subject and teeming with ideas, often finds at night, that what delighted his imagination offends his judgment and that he has lost the day by indulging a pleasing dream, in which he joined together a multitude of splendid images without perceiving their incongruity. (To be continued.)
From WEBSTER'S DISSERTATIONS on the ENGLISH LANGUAGE.
OF MODERN CORRUPTIONS in the ENGLISH PRONUNCIATION.
I PROCEED now to examine a mode of pronouncing certain words, which prevails in England and some parts of America, and which, as it extends to a vast number of words, and creates a material difference between orthography and pronunciation, is a matter of serious consequence.
To attack established customs is always hazardous; for mankind, even when they see and acknowledge their errors, are seldom obliged to the man who exposes them. The danger is increased, when an opposition is made to the favorite opinions of the great; for men, whose rank and abilities entitle them to particular respect, will sooner dismiss their friends than their prejudices. Under this conviction, my present situation is delicate and embarrassing: But as some sacrifices must often be made to truth; and as I am conscious that a regard to truth only dictates what I write, I can sincerely declare, it is my wish to inform the understanding of every man, without wounding the feelings of an individual.
The practice to which I allude, is that of pronouncing d, t, and s preceding u ; which letter, it is said, contains the sound of e or y and oo ; and that of course education must be pronounced edycation ; nature, nature ; and superior, syperior : From the difficulty of pronouncing which, we naturally fall into the sound of dzh, th, sh, and h : Thus education becomes edhycation or ejucation ; nature becomes nathure or nachure ; and superior becomes shuperior .
How long this practice has prevailed in London, I cannot ascertain. There are a few words, in which it seems to have been universal from time immemorial; as pleasure , and the other words of that analogy. But I find no reason to suppose the practice of pronouncing nature, duty, nachure, juty , prevailed before the period of Garrick's reputation on the stage.
On the other hand, the writers on the language have been silent upon this point, till within a few years; and Kendrick speaks of it as a Metropolitan pronunciation , supported by certain mighty fine speakers *, which implies that the practice is modern, and proves it to be local, even in Great Britain. But the practice has prevailed at court and on the stage for several years, and the reputation of a Garrick, a Sheridan and a Siddons, has given it a very rapid and extensive diffusion in the polite world. As the innovation is great and extends to a multitude of words, it is necessary, before we embrace the practice in its utmost latitude, to examine into its propriety and consequences.
The only reasons offered in support of the practice, are, the English or Saxon sound of u , which is said to be yu ; and euphony , or the agreeableness of the pronunciation.
But permit me to enquire, on what do the advocates of this practice ground their assertion, that u had in Saxon the sound of eu or yu ? Are there any testimonies to support it, among old writers of authority? In the course of my reading I have discovered none, nor have I ever seen one produced or referred to.
Will it be said, that yu is the name of the letter? But where did this name originate? Certainly not in the old Saxon practice, for the Saxons expressed this sound by eu , or eo : And I do not recollect a single word of Saxon origin, in which the warmest sticklers for the practice, give u this sound, even in the present age. Kendrick, who has investigated the powers of the English letters with much more accuracy than even Sheridan himself, observes, that we might with equal propriety, name the other vowels in the same manner, and say, ya, ye, yi, yo , as well as yu .
* Rhetorical Grammar, prefixed to his Dictionary, page 32. London. 1773. † Rhet. Gram. 33.
U in union, ufe, &c. has the sound of yu ; but these are all of Latin origin, and can be no proof that u , had, in Saxon, the sound of eu or yu .
The whole argument is founded on a mistake. U in pure English has not the sound of eu ; but a sound that approaches it; which is defined with great accuracy by the learned Wallis, who was one of the first correct writers upon English Grammar, and whose treatise is the foundation of Lowth's introduction and all the best subsequent compilations†.
This writer defines the English letter u in these words, "Hunc sonum Extranei sere assequenter, si diphthongum iu conatur pronunciare; nempe i exiliter u , vel w preponentes; [ut in Hispanorum ciudad, civitas .] Non tamen idem est omnino sonus, quamvis, ad illum proxime accedat; est enim iu sonus compositus, at Anglorum et Gallorum u sonus simplex." —Gram. Ling. Angl. Scct. 2.
This is precisely the idea I have ever had of the English u ; except that I cannot allow the sound to be perfectly simple. If we attend to the manner in which we begin the sound of u in flute, ahure, truth , we shall observe that the tongue is not pressed to the mouth so closely as in pronouncing e ; the aperture of the organs is not so small; and I presume that good speakers, and am confident that most people, do not pronounce these words flute, ahure, truth . Neither do they pronounce them flute, ahure, truth ; but with a sound formed by an easy natural aperture of the mouth, between iu and oo ; which is the true English sound. This sound, however obscured by affectation in the metropolis of Great Britain and the capital towns in America, is still preserved by the body of the people in both countries. There are a million descendants of the Saxons in this country who retain the sound of u in all cases, precisely according to Wallis's definition. All any plain countryman, whose pronunciation has not been exposed to corruption by mingling with foreigners, how he pronounces the letters, t, r, u, th , and he will not sound u like eu , nor oo , but will express the real primitive English u . Nay, if people with to make an accurate trial, let them direct any child of seven years old, who has had no previous instruction respecting the matter, to pronounce the words suit, tumult, due, &c. and they will thus ascertain the true sound of the letter. Children pronounce u in the most natural manner; whereas the sound of iu requires a considerable effort, and that of oo , a forced position of the lips. Illiterate persons therefore pronounce the genuine English u , much better than those who have attempted to shape their pronunciation according to the polite modern practice. As singular as this assertion may appear, it is literally true. This circumstance alone would be sufficient to prove that the Saxons never pronounced u like yu , for the body of a nation, removed from the reach of conquest and fear from a mixture of foreigners, are the safest repositories of ancient customs and general practice in speaking.
But another strong argument against the modern practice is, that the pretended diphthong, iu or yu , is heard in scarcely a single word of Saxon origin. Almost all the words in which d, t and s are converted into other letters, as education, due, virtue, rapture, superior, supreme, &c. are derived from the Latin or French; so that the practice itself is a proof that the principles on which it is built, are false. It is pretended that the English or Saxon sound of u requires the pronunciation, edhycation, natshure , and yet it is introduced almost solely into Latin and French words. Such an inconsistency refutes the reasoning and is a burlesque on its advocates. (To be continued.)
‡ His grammar was written in Latin, in the reign of Charles IIId. The work is so scarce, that I have never been able to find but a single copy. The author was one of the founders of the Royal Society.
§ This sound of u , foreigners will nearly obtain, by attempting to pronounce the diphthong iu ; that is, the narrow i before u or w ; (as in the Spanish word ciudad, a city .) Yet the sound (of u ) is not exactly the same, altho' it approaches very near to it; for the sound of iu is compound; whereas the u of the English and French is a simple sound."
[Lord Anson, of nautical memory, built a Temple at his seat in Staffordshire, dedicated to the Winds: Dr. Johnson wrote a Latin Epigram, applicable to the subject: The seven different translations, by as many different hands, which follow, if they should appear of the drum-kind, flat at both ends, they will at least furnish an instance of that variety of words which may be made use of to convey the same thought.]
E P I G R A M.
GRATUM ANIMUM LAUDO, QUI DEBIT OMNIA VENTIS, QUAM BENE VENTORUM, TEMPLUM SURGERE JUBET.
T R A N S L A T I O N S.
NO. I.
SINCE to the Winds alone, he owd the wealthy prize, I praise the grateful soul that bade this temple rise.
NO. II.
THE grateful Anson here adores the gales, That bore to wealth his swelling fails.
NO. III.
FROM prosp'rous Winds, since prop'rous fortune rose, This fane is rais'd to every wind that blows.
NO. IV.
THIS temple to the Wind, his gratitude has rais'd, As the Wind gave him all, 'tis fit the wind be prais'd.
NO. V.
WELL, to the Winds, may he this fane afford, Whom their propitious breath has made a Lord.
NO. VI.
HAIL, thou great soul, whom gratitude bids raise, This offering to the Winds, which swell'd thy praise.
NO. VII.
THE Winds gave Anson all, his very food, And to the Winds, this marks his gratitude; 'Tis an ill Wind indeed that blows no good.
[At a meeting of a number of the American commanders of vessels, now in the port of London, held at the Maryland Coffee-House, in Cornhill, on the 22d day of July, 1790, for the purpose of consulting upon the measures that it might be prudent for them to adopt, in order to alleviate the present situation of seamen here belonging to the United States of America, the following resolutions were unanimously voted:]
1. THAT an American mariner in Great Britain, in being exposed to all the rigor of British press-warrants—in being liable to the assaults and outrages of a British press-gang—and in being eventually liable to be compelled into a foreign service (except each commander of the vessel from which he is thus forced, can trace him to that very ship, whither he is dragged for confinement, and will positively swear that he is a native and subject of the United States) must be considered in an unsafe and truly alarming condition—a situation, not only inviting to a temporary violation, but hazarding a total subversion of his most precious rights.
2. That the consequences resulting from this unprotected situation of the said citizens, are so irksome to the feelings, and detrimental to the interests of American mariners and commanders, that, in opinion of those present, since no minister or consul of their nation is on the spot, to whom, under such difficulties, they might with more propriety resort with complaints—and for redress—it is expedient that they now have recourse to some other

fit person of the same country, desiring him in their behalf to cause these grievances to be made known to the government of the United States.
3. That the thanks of this meeting be cordially given to John Brown Cutting, Esq. for those able and patriotic efforts, which have already much contributed, and by being continued, may, in the opinion of this meeting, still materially contribute to soften the situation or procure the discharge of many American citizens, who have been, or now are, unjustly impressed as subjects of this kingdom; and that he be, and hereby is, intreated to continue those efforts; and likewise that he be earnestly requested, on the part of this meeting, to convey to the government of the United States, those facts, touching the past and present situation of the American mariners here, which any of the American commanders have communicated or shall communicate to him for this purpose, together with such other truths pertinent to the subject as he may otherwise acquire.
(Signed) J. SWIFT, WM. BILLINGS, JAMES SCOTT, JOHN OSMON, TRISTRAM BARNARD, R. S. TIBBETS, JOHN COLLET, G. GOOSELY.
BOSTON, October 30.
The idea suggested some years since, by some of the politicians of America, for an establishment and perpetuation of universal peace, is said to have recently been the subject of attention in the National Assembly of France. With all good men this must be an event most devoutly to be wished—and altho the present hostile state of Europe renders its consummation improbable, it is not, nevertheless, impracticable. Between the several civilized nations of the earth, such treaties might be entered into, as, by precisely specifying their boundaries, and the political and commercial rights of each, would remove every occasion for hostilities among themselves—and the fear of their united chastisement must prevent the less civilized parts of the world, disturbing the tranquility of the other. The dawn of reason is opening rapidly on the world—and if so potent, so illustrious, and so generous a nation as France, gives a lead, it must, we think, be followed.
NEWLONDON, October 29.
Extract of a letter from Basseterre, (Guadaloupe) to a gentleman in this town, dated Sept. 30.
"This morning three sloops and a brig with 300 troops and 200 volunteers on board, failed from this port for Martinico—they are to join the citizen party against the General of that island, who is at the head of 10,000 mulattoes and negroes."
From the same
"Oct. 1. Arrived, this morning, a sloop from Martinico, advising that there has been a general engagement between the general and the citizens—and, that the latter were routed with the loss of seven or eight hundred killed!"
We are informed by a letter from Long-Island, that on the 21st instant arrived at Sagg-Harbor the brig Lucy, David Squires, master, from the Cape of Good-Hope with 730 barrels of oil, 8,000 wt. bone, and a quantity of furr; the property of Col. Benjamin Huntington and Capt. Stephen Howel, of Long-Island.
NEW-YORK, November 5.
A Connecticut paper, of the 1st instant notifies all persons concerned in the Ohio purchase to meet at the state-house in the city of Hartford on the 24th instant, at ten o'clock in the forenoon.—The cause of this notification is said to be some late accounts received from Mufkingum, specifying, that certain regulations have not long since been adopted by the directors of the Ohio company, that will endanger the properties of the non-resident proprietors, unless some measures are taken to prevent the consequences.
YORK, October 20.
We hear that the noted Cub Mare, belonging to Mr. Gibson, of Harford county, Maryland, [that had taken so many purses, in the different States] was killed by accident, on the Lancaster race-course, on Thursday last; the circumstance, as related, is as follows:—Previous to the horses starting for the second heat, two boys who had concluded upon a quarter race across the course, near the winning post, happening to start nearly at the same instant with the horses that run for the purse, one of their horses run full against the mare's hind quarter, by which accident the mare had her back broke, but her rider providentially received but little injury; the unfortunate boy, to whose imprudence this sad disaster may be attributed, had his arm broke, his left eye torn out, and his body much bruised.—The mare never rose after, although she lived some hours.
RICHMOND, Oct. 30.
 Amount of Tobacco exported from the several Warehouses in Virginia, between the following periods—taken from the returns made to the Auditor's and Solicitor's Office. Hog heads.  From October 1786, to October 1787, 60,041  From October 1787, to October 1788, 58,544  From October 1788, to October 1789, 58,673 
Philadelphia, Nov. 10.
Accounts from the West-Indies inform, that in July and August, there was very blowing weather in several of the islands—particularly at Jamaica, Barbadoes, and Antigua: At the first island great damage was done to the shipping—and many lost—the buildings, canes, and plantain walks, have also suffered much.
Several posts having arrived from Virginia, since the account was received of the declaration of war, without bringing any confirmation of that report, we presume there is some mistake in the business.
The legislature of the State of New Jersey has a bill before it the present session, for the encouragement of manufactures; this laudable example will doubtless be followed by the other States.
The hon. William Smith, Esq. is re-elected member of the house of representatives of the United States, for one of the districts of S. Carolina.
General Charles C. Pinckney, and Doctor David Ramsay, are elected State Senators under the new constitution of South Carolina.
Manufactures have heretofore labored under insuperable difficulties in the United States, for want of governmental support and encouragement: In Europe this has not been the case, particularly in Great Britain, where bounties and protecting duties, give their artisans every possible chance of success: Government certainly is bound, on every patriotic principle, to place the manufactures of the United States on such a footing as that those branches, which may be advantageously prosecuted in this country, may not, thro the successful rivalry of European artists, be destroyed.
There are many articles which with proper encouragement may be manufactured to great advantage in the United States—nor would bounties bestowed by the government prove eventually a loss; as when once established these manufactures, besides being sold at a reduced price, may become productive sources of revenue, and in this way refund with interest, the expence incurred by government in their establishment.
Extract of a letter from Fayetteville (N. C.) Oct. 18.
"Having purchased some lands which I intend to cultivate in this neighborhood, I have had sufficient opportunities to observe the slovenly mode of farming in these parts. Cattle are left to feed about in the lanes or commons, in such careless manner that one would imagine the North-Carolina farmers studied how to lose their manure—for certainly it is not possible to devise a more wasting plan. As to tobacco, it so exhausts ground that this consideration alone should put the patriotic planter out of humour with that article, especially, as it does not, like the grains that afford the necessaries, leave a sufficiency of manure to restore what is exhausted from the soil. Our defects are not want of instruments, or knowledge of the process in agriculture, but a want of care in the choice and rotation of crops; and in preserving from year to year both the soil and its productions. The idea of laying up for a scarce year has entered into the heads of few farmers—like the Israelites, "when they have much they have nothing over." Other defects are, want of early manuring land, refusing to give it rest and neglecting to plough it in the fall and winter. For my part as a farmer, as a good citizen, I am determined to govern my future life by the following rules;
 1. To make the plough run as constantly in winter as in summer, and to manure during every winter—to keep debtor and creditor with the fields.  2. To clear the fence ground once a year as clear as the wheat field.  3. To cut no timber for fuel but that fallen for other uses, or blown down, by winds, and to cut no young timber when old can be had.  4. Never to suffer the team to return from the field without a load of fuel. I have observed farmers burning good firewood before the plough, driving their teams home empty, and stopping the plough next day to cut and haul young green wood from the forest. How preposterous is this!  5. To borrow as little as possible, and return a loan instantly after use.  6. To purchase nothing from the petty trafficker; and nothing from the regular merchant without ready cash or produce.  7. Never to contract with the mechanic until I shall have first obtained the money to pay him.  8. Never to give a penny to the man on the highway, who has nothing but a dram to sell to the traveller. Such wretches are foes to farming, they are pests to society.  9. Most religiously to observe the precise time and place of all special appointments. 
[Daily Adv.]
The establishment of a Law Professorship in the College of Philadelphia promises the most beneficial effects. Such an establishment has long been wanted. The appointment of Mr. Wilson to this professorship must afford satisfaction to every one. The extensive law information of this gentleman, added to his profound political knowledge, will render his lectures advantageous and interesting, not only to those engaged in the study of law, but also to men of liberal education of every profession.
Further progress is daily making in the Geographical knowledge of our country. An accurate map of the State of Pennsylvania, it is expected, will soon be published by Mr. Reading Howell. Mr. William Fatham, of Virginia, has issued proposals for publishing by subscription, a large map of the southern division of the United States. The size will be nine feet by seven. It will comprehend a part of New-Jersey and Pennsylvania, the whole of Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, North-Carolina, South-Carolina and Georgia; all the western territory of the United States, between 29 and 40. N. and a part of the Spanish possessions. From the extensive information, which Mr. Fatham appears to have collected, and the character of the gentlemen who recommend, there is every reason to expect that this map will be executed with accuracy and elegance.
[Gen. Adv.]
A correspondent observes, that the excellencies of the new Constitution are daily unfolding themselves to the view of every unprejudiced friend of the United States: Its truly republican principles, which have thrown open the doors to virtue and abilities, and made the highest posts in government accessible to every man without exception, have proved a powerful stimulus on the minds of our citizens to distil the blessings of knowledge far and wide: In many parts of the United States, new institutions are founded, and the old ones enlarged: In most of our capital towns, schools for the acquisition of every branch of science have been recently established, in which the living and dead languages, mathematics, geography, writing, arithmetic, music, drawing, and polite accomplishments, may be acquired. But among all the various branches of education, as no one demands, so none receives greater attention than our native language; this is now taught grammatically, and with the happiest success; owing principally to those excellent performances on the subject, which have been published by several of our own countrymen.
Nor has the mercantile part of the community only, been attentive to this great subject of education, seminaries of learning are constantly spring-
ing up in the interior parts of the United States; so that the rays of science are diffused in every possible direction over the face of our country, and in this, as well as in several other respects, "the wilderness may be said to blossom like the rose."
Other great and important effects justly attributable to the salutary influence of the new government alone, may be the subject of future paragraphs.
Honor is often a substitute for virtue: There are many men, who from a regard to reputation only, are restrained from open acts of baseness. This consideration often influences to a just decision in great political questions—even when personal interest would lead to a different conduct: So long as a fair character is the principal recommendation to public notice, we shall be favored with the semblance of virtue at least; but when a principle of honor shall cease to operate, and a contempt for the appearance, as well as the reality of honesty and rectitude shall cease to be infamous, we may bid adieu to the freedom and happiness of our country.
The revolution in France has produced one very extraordinary event—and that is, the emigration of a large number of the citizens of that kingdom to the United States: Among these are several persons who enjoyed titles of honor and distinction, and possessed large fortunes in that country. These emigrants have arrived in different parts of the continent, at Alexandria, Philadelphia, and New-York: They have already begun their settlement at Sciota in the Ohio Country—many of them possess great property—and being men of learning, and abilities, and provided with an extensive library, and a philosophical apparatus, the rigors of their hardy attempt in settling an uncultivated wilderness, will be abated, by a variety of objects which are seldom connected with similar enterprizes.
While the enlightened friends of mankind in all parts of the earth, are rejoicing in the freedom and happiness of the United States under the auspices of the new government, there are some characters of so perverse a complexion, among ourselves, that they will not permit the people so much as to think they are in an eligible situation, tho all their senses confirm the observation.
How truly blessed are the natives of this highly favored country! where all that dignifies and ennobles the human mind is the birth-right of the citizen: A conscious independence of spirit designates their early childhood, and gathers strength with increasing years—and as they advance in life, liberty refined, and secured by equal laws, gives full scope to all the best faculties of the soul
No feudal system binds them to the soil; No chieftain grasps the profits of their toil; Secure from cleric and despotic power, Sweet hope hangs pendant on th' industrious hour.
If you enquire of a thriving man of business, who rises early and sets up late, and denies himself all the passing amusements of life, what is the ultimate object of all his labor and self denial? He will perhaps inform you, that his plan is to amass a certain sum, and in the evening of life retire from business, to enjoy the fruits of his industry on a country seat—vain expectation; happiness is always in our reach—or never.
"In our own breasts the happy goddess lies, And only gives her favors to the wise."
The truth is, the mind must be fitted to every situation; hence the meer man of business is entirely out of his element, when left to silence, solitude and contemplation.
A man in the city of London, who had accumulated a very handsome fortune by keeping a chop-house, took it into his head to retire from business—he bought a neat box in the country, surrounded with gardens and the etcetera of rural scenery; but he soon found that he had cooked too many steaks to find amusement in purling rills and verdant plains.
He accordingly sold his villa, his horses and carriage—returned to the city—gave a considerable sum to his tenant to quit the residence he had left, and resumed his former occupation.—When employed in broiling a mutton chop over his kitchen fire, he declared that he had never been happy since he had exchanged the pleasure of swearing over the coals for the insupportable fatigue of a still country life.
A Physician gave a Nobleman the lye—with great mildness the Nobleman said, I'll take the lye from him; but I'll never take physic of him: He may speak what doth not become him; I'll not do what is unworthy of me
LATEST ARRIVALS AT THIS PORT.
Schooner Lark, Gardner, Nantucket, 9 days Brig Margaret, Pomit, Mississippi, 70.
PRICE CURRENT.—PUBLIC SECURITIES.
  FUNDED DEBT.    6 pr. Cents 13 3/8—14 1/8 pr. £. or 70 pr. cent.  3 pr. Cents 7 1/2—7 3/8 or 36 1/2 do.  Deferred 6 pr. Cents 5 5/8—6 1/8 30 do,  UNFUNDED DEBT.  Final Sett. and other Certificates 12 1/2—12 3/8 6 1/4 do.  Indents 7 1/2—7 3/8 36 1/2 do.  State debts 8 1/2—8 3/8 41 1/2 do.  

Discourses on Davila.
No. XXIII.—CONTINUED.
Utrumque regem, sua multitudo contulaverat.
THE King of Navarre, before he concluded with the Queen, demanded of her by the immediate negotiators, two new conditions. 1. That they should take away from the Guises all the employments they had at court. 2. That liberty of conscience should be given to the Hugonots. From the time that Calvin had begun to preach and to write, the first seeds of his doctrines had been sown in the court of Henry, King of Navarre, and Margaret of Valois, his consort, father and mother of the Queen Jane; and as the minds of these Princes were indisposed to the See of Rome, which had stripped them of their states, under pretext of an excommunication, fulminated by the Pope, Julius the second, against France, and its allies; in the number of whom was the King of Navarre; they were easily persuaded of a doctrine contrary to the authority of the Pope, and which taught that the censures by which they had lost their states, were null. The Calvinistical ministers, frequenting the court of these Princes, there taught their opinions, which had cast so deep roots into the mind of Queen Jane, that she had abandoned the Catholic faith to embrace Calvinism. Since her marriage with Anthony of Bourbon, she persisted in the same sentiments. She had nearly converted her husband, by the vehement eloquence of Theodore Beza, Peter Martin Vermilly, and other ministers who retired into Bearn, there to preach their opinions in full liberty. The Prince of Conde, the admiral, and the other chiefs of the party of the Princes of the blood, having also embraced Calvinism, some with sincerity, and others to disguise their political views, under the pretext of religion, the King of Navarre persisted more constantly than ever, to declare himself protector of the Hugonots. For this reason, he demanded that they should grant to the Calvinists liberty of conscience, as an essential condition of the treaty, opened with the Queens. This Princess answered that to deprive the Guises of the dignities they held at court, would be to go directly against the agreement which was in negotiation, and the resolution taken to restore the tranquility of the Kingdom. That these Lords who were very powerful, and actually armed, would not endure an affront so public and outrageous: but that, supported by the Catholics and the majority of the states, they would exert all their forces and efforts, to maintain their ground. She promised however to employ, in due time, all her address, to diminish their credit and power. As to the liberty of conscience, she convinced them that it was a point too delicate, to be granted at once: That the Parliaments and even the States, would not fail to oppose it: But she promised, in secret, that in governing with the King of Navarre, she would labor in concert with him, by indirect and concealed ways, to seize all favorable occasions to grant to the reformed all the liberty of conscience that might be possible. The Queen, yielding to the necessity of the conjuncture, gave these promises, without any intention to observe them: She therefore delayed the execution of them, with all her address. In fact, she knew, or at least believed, that nothing was more contrary to the grandeur and interest of her children, than totally to depress the Guises, who served, admirably well, the purpose of balancing the power of the Princes of the blood. On the other hand, the liberty of conscience granted to the Hugonots, would have offended the See of Rome, and the other Catholic Princes, and scattered forever, as she pretended, disorder and dissention in the kingdom.
The coalition was on the point of conclusion, when the King of Navarre declared that he would determine nothing, without the advice and consent of the Constable, who had cured all his gouts, fluxions and rheums, or in other words, dismissed his pretences and approached Orleans. It was therefore necessary to invent new projects, to surmount this obstacle, which many imagined the most difficult of all. The Queen knew to the bottom, the character of the Constable, and that nothing flattered him more, than the part of umpire or moderator in every thing that passed around him. She thought that by restoring him the supreme command of the army, and by assuring him, that it was from him that she wished to hold her own grandeur, and the safety of her children; she would fix him easily in her interest, and detach him equally from both parties. Thus, with the advice of the King of Navarre, and the Guises, who were returning to pacific sentiments, and seemed to submit all to her will; she ordered the captains of the guards, and the governor of Orleans to surrender to the Constable, at his entrance into the city, the command of the armies, and to acknowledge him for their chief. These marks of honor awakened in the breast of Anne of Montmorency, the ancient sentiments of devotion and fidelity, which had attached him for so many years to the father and grand-father of the King. Arriving at Orleans, he turned to the
captains and said, with his ordinary dignity, that since the King had restored him his command, they might dispense with guarding his Majesty so exactly in full peace; and that without employing the force of arms, he would make his master respected through the whole kingdom and by all his subjects. Arrived at the palace, where the Queen loaded him with honors, he rendered his homage to the young King, and with tears in his eyes, conjured him to fear nothing from the present troubles, for that he and all good Frenchmen, were ready to sacrifice their lives for the support of his crown. The Queen encouraged by this discourse, the first proof of the success of her contrivances, entered without delay into secret conferences with the Constable, before that others had time to entertain and to gain him. She protested that she expected every thing from him, both for her children and herself; that the royal authority and the public good were no longer but idle names, for two factions embittered against each other, for their mutual destruction; that she despaired of preserving to her children under age, a crown envied and attacked by such powerful enemies; unless his fidelity, of which he had so long given such shining proofs, should cause him to embrace the defence of the young monarch, of a kingdom torn with divisions, and of all the royal family. These words in the mouth of a woman, a mother, a Queen in affliction, made so deep an impression on the mind of the Constable, that he consented to the accommodation ready to be concluded with the King of Navarre. Flattered with the humiliation of the Guises, and re-established in the functions of the first trust in the kingdom, he renounced all interests of faction, and resolved to unite with the Queen, for the preservation of the state, in which he aspired only to reassume the place which he had merited by his long services.
Concord being thus established, by the authority of the Constable, they assembled the council: All the Princes and officers of the crown assisted at it; and the Chancellor having, according to custom, made the propositions in presence of the King, they concluded unanimously that the Queen should be declared regent of the kingdom, the King of Navarre lieutenant-general in the Provinces: the Constable, generalissimo of the armies, the Duke of Guise, grand-master of the King's household, and the Cardinal de Lorraine, superintendant of the finances.
The Prince of Conde was now discharged from Prison, and an Arret of the Parliament of Paris, conceived in honorable terms, discharged him from all the accusations against him; and the sentence was declared null and irregular, as the work of judges incompetent in the cause of the Princes of the blood. The Vidame de Chartres, died of chagrin in the Bastile, before the coalition was finished. Thus ended the year 1560.
(To be continued.)
VERSES,
Said to be written and sung by a Negro-Girl, on her lover who was drowned in her sight.
POOR ORA tink on YANCO dear, Tho' he be gone forever: For he no dead, he still live here*: And he from her go never. Like on de sand me mark him face, The wave come roll him over; The mark he go, but still the place, 'Tis easy to discover! Me see, sometime, de tree, de flower, He droop like ORA surely; And den, bye-bye, dere come a shower. He hold him head up purely. And so sometime me tink me die, My heart so sick he grieve me; But in a little time me cry Good deal, and dat relieve me. * Her bosom.
Improvements and Additions to Mr. BOWEN'S Exhibition of Wax-Work,
Viz. HIS Excellency Benjamin Franklin, Esq.—A Philadelphia Beauty.—Peace, (an elegant figure) with her Olive Branch. Plenty, with wreaths of Flowers, basket of Fruit, &c.
TICKETS, at one quarter dollar, may be had at Mr. JAMES BRYSON'S, No. 4, Third, below Market Street; where the exhibition is open from 10 o'clock in the Morning, until 9 every Evening.
N. B. MINIATURE and PORTRAIT PAINTING done at the same place, on reasonable terms.
Philadelphia, Oct. 30, 1790.
TREASURY DEPARTMENT, October 14, 1790.
NOTICE is hereby given, That Proposals will be received at the Office of the Secretary of the Treasury, to the 30th day of November next, inclusive, for the supply of all Rations which may be required for the use of the United States, from the first day of January to the thirty-first day of December 1791, both days inclusive, at Springfield, in the State of Massachusetts, and the Post of West-Point, in the State of New-York.
The Rations to be supplied, are to consist of the following Articles, viz.
  One pound of Bread or Flour,  } pr. 100 rations.    One pound of Beef, or 3/4 of a pound of Pork,    Half a Jill of Rum, Brandy, or Whisky,    One quart of Salt,    Two quarts of Vinegar,    Two pounds of Soap,    One pound of Candles,   
Separate Proposals may be made for each place, specifying the lowest price pr. ration.—No credit is required.
TREASURY DEPARTMENT, Sept. 28, 1790.
NOTICE is hereby given, that proposals will be received at the Office of the Secretary of the Treasury, until the 30th day of December next inclusive, for the building of a LIGHT HOUSE, near of the dimensions proposed by the late Commissioners of Virginia and Maryland, upon the lot of land on Cape Henry, in the County of Princess Ann, and State of Virginia, lately ceded for that purpose to the United States. It is desired, that the proposals may leave the election, whether the building above the foundation shall be of brick or stone, and as the cost and charges of those materials vary, it is expected, that a corresponding difference will be made in the terms offered.
The foundation of the Light-House is to be of stone, and sunk to the depth of thirteen feet below the water table, over the top of which the pavement is to be laid. The diameter thereof is to be twenty seven feet six inches, with a vacancy of about nine feet in the centre.
The diameter of the base is to be twenty six feet, at which place the thickness of the walls is to be six feet. The height from the bottom of the water table to the top of the stone work is to be seventy two feet, where the diameter is to be sixteen feet six inches, and the thickness of the walls three feet. The form is to be an octagon, having three windows in the east, and four in the west. If it be built of brick, it is to be faced with the glassy kind, if of stone, it is to be faced with hewn or hammer-dressed stone.
On the top of the stone work is to be a floor of joists, bedded therein, planked over and covered with copper, extending about two feet eight inches beyond the wall, thereby forming an eve, which is to be finished with a cornice, the whole having a descent from the centre sufficient to throw off the water.
The lantern is to be supported by eight posts of wrought Iron of three inches square and twenty feet in length, ten feet of which are to be wrought into the stone wall on the inner part at each corner. The diameter of it is to be ten feet, leaving a platform on the outside thereof of about six feet in width. All the work above this is to be of iron and copper. The lantern is to be ten feet high, having a semicircular roof of five feet more, with iron rafters covered with copper. The whole space between the posts supporting the lantern, is to be occupied by the sashes, which are to be made of iron, each sash is to have twenty-eight panes of glass, twelve by fourteen inches. One of the sashes on the south west side is to be hung with hinges for a door to go out upon the platform, from the outer part of which to the roof of the lantern is to be a frame of iron covered with a net work of strong brass wire, to preserve the glass from injuries by hail and flights of birds in the night.
The rafters of the lantern are to be well fastened to an iron hoop, over which is a copper funnel, through which the smoke may pass into a large copper ventilator in the form of a man's head, capable of containing one hundred gallons. This head is to be so placed as to be turned by a large vane on the spire above it, that the hole for venting the smoke may always be to the leeward. Eight dormant ventilators of six inches diameter are to be fixed in the roof of the lantern.
A close stove is to be provided and fixed in the lantern, which is to be furnished with eight lamps, each capable of containing six quarts, hung in two tiers over each other transversely. There are to be six flights of stairs to ascend to the lantern, the entrance to which is to be by a door covered with copper. The building is to be furnished with two conductors, to secure it from the effects of lightning.
A frame house is to be built for the keeper, twenty feet square, two stories high, with a frame kitchen; the whole to be finished with lath and plaster.
A vault for the storage and safe keeping of the oil is to be built of stone at a convenient distance, twelve feet wide, and twenty in length. It is to be arched, and covered with earth or sand, over which a shed is to be built, and it is to be furnished with eight strong cedar cisterns with covers, each capable of containing two hundred gallons of oil. The entrance is to be secured by a strong door.
Good security for the faithful performance of the contract will be expected. Payments on account will be made at proper stages of the work, and the balance will be paid on its completion: or, if a suitable difference should be made in the terms, cash will be advanced for the purchase of materials and provisions.
TREASURY DEPARTMENT, Sept. 20, 1790.
IT is hereby made known, that the following arrangement has been adopted towards carrying into execution the Act, making provision for the debt of the United States, viz.
Loan-Office Certificates, and those issued by the Commissioners for the adjustment of accounts in the several States, will be receivable only at the Treasury and by the respective Commissioners of Loans within the States in which they were respectively issued. The Certificates issued by the Register of the Treasury, by the Pay Master General and Commissioner of Army Accounts, by the Commissioners for the adjustment of the Accounts of the Quarter Master's, Commissary's, Hospital, Clothing, and Marine Departments, Indents of Interest, and Bills of Old Emission, will be receivable indiscriminately at the Treasury and by the Commissioners of all the States. The situation of the Checks has dictated this arrangement for the greater security of the public against impositions by forged or counterfeit paper, and which thesauraria have been adopted from the same consideration for the execution of the business are such, that it will give facility and dispatch, if applications from the Holders of Certificates of the Register of the Treasury and of the Paymaster General, and Commissioner of Army Accounts, and of the Commissioners of the five Departments above mentioned, are made in the first instance at the Treasury; and if applications from the Holders of Loan Office Certificates, and Certificates issued by the Commissioners for the adjustment of Accounts in the respective States, are made in like manner to the Commissioners of Loans within the States in which they were issued. Transfers can afterwards be made to any Office that the Proprietors of these Certificates may desire.
At the INTELLIGENCE-OFFICE, No. 208, in MARKET, above 6th STREET, South side, WILL be negotiated all kinds of PAPER-MONEY and
Public Securities,
BUSINESS transacted in public offices in the city, and such Paper-Money and Certificates furnished, as will make payment at the Land Office equal to Gold and Silver.
MONEY borrowed or loaned, and BILLS, BONDS, and NOTES of HAND discounted.
HOUSES, Farms, Lands, and Lots, bought and sold, let or leased, and Houses, Rooms, Boarding and Lodging procured for Strangers, or others.
BOOK-KEEPERS, Clerks, School-Masters, Waiters, Nurses, Scantresses, Chamber and other Maids, and those of other professions, who come well recommended, may hear of employ; and Employers be supplied, by applying to
FRANCIS WHITE.
Dealer in Paper Money, and Public Securities.
The price of this paper is 3 dolls. pr. ann. and 5d. single number.