Gazette of the United-States. (New-York [N.Y.]), 1789-10-31 00:00:00

Gazette of the United States.
[No. LVIII.]
SATURDAY, OCTOBER 31, 1789.
[Published on Wednesday and Saturday.]
THE TABLET.—No. LVIII.
"We daily see persons that without education or friends, by their own industry and application, raise themselves from nothing to mediocrity, and some times above it, if once they come rightly to love money, and take delight in saving it."
IT seems to puzzle men of observation to determine why many persons, who appear to have great sagacity in conversation, and a general knowledge of the principles and forms of business, should never be able, with all their exertions, to accumulate property. If we examine the subject, we shall find that the love of money, tho' a universal passion, does not prevail in every breast as a ruling passion. It may be laid down as a general maxim, that where avarice becomes the leading propensity of any man, he will certainly make acquisitions to his estate. Most men who pursue business, without encreasing their interest, complain of hard fortune as an apology for not making better progress. This complaint often has no foundation, unless we call it a misfortune not to love to get and save money more than any other object.
We should distinguish between the love of gain and the love of money. Ambition may prompt a man into acts of hazard and enterprize with a view of profit; but when this is the only motive he will often be negligent in the pursuit, and perhaps lose his object for want of care and perseverance: or if he succeeds in his adventures, it is ten chances to one but he appropriates his gains, with so little caution, that he is none the better for them. But when avarice, or the real love of money actuates any one, every step he takes is so prudent and circumspect that he seldom misses the attainment of his object. And when he once realizes his gains, he is no less careful in applying his money, than he was industrious in earning it.
Habits of industry, and an ardor of enterprize are much more usual qualifications than prudence and economy. How far any of those qualities are the gift of nature, or how far they are the effect of art and attention, cannot be exactly ascertained. It is very certain that one reason, why so many persons miscarry in business, is owing to some errors or defects in the mode of their education. Many young men are early inured to the practise of business, and learn to make nice calculations in schemes that afford profit, who, at the same time, are never taught the secret of saving money. To acquire property, in the first instance, is a much less difficult task than to preserve it. Motives of ambition, generosity, charity, and a thousand other causes, conspire to empty the purse of a man, who may have a facility in gaining property. The emphatical expression, THAT RICHES TAKE TO THEMSELVES WINGS AND FLY AWAY, is verified in innumerable instances. Property finds so many avenues of escape, that when it falls to the lot of a person, who has not frugality, it almost ceases to be a blessing.
In this view of the subject, parents, and those, who have the management of youth, should teach them to practise economy, as well as to understand business. Many artificial methods may be used to bring children into a love of saving money, as well as into the knowledge of procuring it. The latter attainment will produce little real advantage to the possessor, unless he has a competent skill in the former. Few men are born with a disposition so peculiarly avaricious as to produce habits of economy without great care and circumspection. If a child was early induced to keep an exact account of all his expences, he would soon become so familiarized to the custom, that it would no longer seem irksome. The total amount at the end of the year would probably alarm him, and he would resolve the next year to spend more sparingly, or at any rate, less foolishly. He would deliberately examine the different articles of his expences, and retrench such parts as were unnecessary or injudicious. While the parent is training his child into a system of economy, he may sufficiently guard him against acts of meanness or rigor. There are occasions, where he may be generous, and ought to be charitable; but he should learn accurately to distinguish generosity from profusion, and to observe the virtues of friendship and charity without descending to weakness and folly.
There is no circumstance of more importance in instructing a child, than to make him take a delight in saving part of the money that he, by any means, becomes possessed of. Some naturally have a close, saving disposition, and they generally prosper in the world. But there is a great proportion of men who have other passions stronger than avarice, and all their talents and pursuits seem to produce ultimately very little advantage. They have never been taught the necessity of calculating how to spend their money, tho' great pains have been taken in teaching them calculations how to grasp at profit. It is worth while
for any man, at the close of the year, to take a retrospective view of his mode of appropriating or expending money, and to endeavor to correct what he may, upon comparing the whole together, deem mistakes. Most men of industry, who do not add to their interest, charge the fault to the dulness of business; and therefore have no idea of searching out the true cause of their poverty, which they will find not to consist in the hardness of the times, but in the badness of their own arrangements. Every man, in any considerable business, who does not add something to his property, should endeavor to persuade himself, that he is yet unacquainted with a proper system of economy.
MR. ADAMS'S LETTERS.
(For Letter V. lth. see our paper No. III.)
LETTER VII.
AMSTERDAM, OCT. 10, 1780.
SIR, YOUR seventh inquiry is, Whether the common people in America are not inclined, nor would be able, to find sufficient means to frustrate, by force, the good intentions of the skilful politicians?
IN answer to this, it is sufficient to say that the commonalty have no need to have recourse to force, to oppose the intentions of the skilful; because the law and the constitution authorise the common people to choose Governors and Magistrates every year; so that they have it constantly in their power to leave out any politician, however skilful, whose principles, opinions, or systems, they do not approve.
The difference, however, in that country, is not so great as it is in some others, between the common people and the gentlemen—for noblemen they have none. There is no country where the common people, I mean the tradesmen, the husbandmen, and the laboring people, have such advantages of education as in that: And it may be truly said, that their education, their understanding, is as nearly equal as their birth, fortune, dignities, and titles.
It is therefore certain, that whenever the common people shall determine upon peace or submission, it will be done. But of this there is no danger. The common people are the most unanimously determined against Great Britain of any: It is the war of the common people: It was undertaken by them—and has been, and will be, supported by them.
The people of that country often rose, in large bodies, against the measures of government, while it was in the hands of the king. But there has been no examples of this sort, under the New Constitutions, excepting one, which is mentioned in General Howe's narrative, in the back part of North Carolina. This was owing to causes so particular, that it rather serves to shew the strength of the American cause in that State, than the contrary.
About the year 1772, under the government of Tryon, who has since made himself so obnoxious to all America, there were some warm disputes in North-Carolina, concerning some of the internal regulations of that province; and a small number of people in the back parts rose in arms, under the name of Regulators, defeated them, hanged some of their ringleaders, and published proclamations against many others. These people were all treated as having been in rebellion, and they were left to solicit pardon of the crown. This established in the minds of those Regulators such an hatred towards the rest of their fellow-citizens, that in 1775, when the war broke out, they would not join with them. The King has since promised them pardon for their former treasons, upon condition that they commit fresh ones against their country. In 1777, in conjunction with a number of Scotch Highlanders, they rose—Governor Caswell marched against them, gave them battle, and defeated them. This year they have risen again, and been again defeated. But these people are so few in number—there is so much apparent malice and revenge, instead of any principle, in their disaffection, that any one who knows any thing of the human heart will see that, instead of finally weakening the American cause in North Carolina, it will only serve to give a keennest and an obstinacy to support it.
Nothing, indeed, can shew the unanimity of the people throughout America in a stronger light than this—that the British army has been able to procure so few recruits, to excite so few insurrections and disturbances. Nay, although the freedom of the press, and the freedom of speech is carried to as great lengths in that country as in any under the sun, there has never been a hint in a newspaper, or even in a handbill, nor a single speech or vote in any assembly, that I have heard of, for submission, or even reconciliation.
I have the honor to be, &c.
JOHN ADAMS.
MR. CALKOEN.
THE NATIONAL MONITOR.—No. XXIV.
"Pomposo too, who with averted eye, Now passes all his old acquaintance by."
THERE is a foible to which human nature is peculiarly incident—and in excuse for which there is as little to be said, as for any weakness whatever: It is FORGETFULNESS. When I see striking examples of the VOLUNTARY loss of memory, it brings to mind a neat reply to the observation which a person made on being neglected by a quondam acquaintance—"he appears to have entirely forgot me," said he, the reply was, "no wonder at it, he has FORGOT HIMSELF. It is generally the case, I believe, that people of a supercilious temper forget their origin, their early prospects, their former sentiments of modesty, discretion, charity and urbanity, before they assume a distant, superior deportment towards their old connections. As nothing has a more powerful influence on the public opinion, than an obliging, condescending deportment; in every free government, the candidates for offices, while pursuing their object, discover on all occasions a free, mild, and social disposition—No person is beneath their notice, who is of the smallest consequence in society; no circumstance of APPEARANCE, TIME OR PLACE, will prevent the smile, the bow, or the friendly shake by the hand—their dignity is not in the least LET DOWN by these familiarities—but the summit of their wishes obtained, what a strange alteration often ensues!—the poor unhappy creatures are suddenly struck with partial blindness; their sight becomes dim, or so limited that they can see nothing but a post that happens to come in direct contact with their noses—a sad loss of memory succeeds, so that they can hardly recollect a yesterday's acquaintance—they forget their benefactors, and from the elevation to which they are raised by the voice of their partial countrymen, look down with contempt on their creators.—However general this mode of conduct may be, it is not wise, politic, or just—nor can the power of example give a sanction to it.—Such persons should remember that whatever THEY lose of the powers of recollection, is added to the stock of their constituents—the public memory is stubbornly tenacious, and it constantly derogates from pride, in exact proportion to its arrogance.—Pride and patriotism are not branches of the same stock, and on all occasions it will be found, that those who can treat individuals with contempt, are totally destitute of the divine principle of love to their country. May those characters which the free citizens of these States have honored by their suffrages, discover on all occasions those amiable, generous and benevolent qualities, which shall evince that the public confidence has not been ill placed—In this way the most favorable impressions of the government will be formed on the minds of the people, and the empire of their affections will be secured. How pleasing is the reflection that those who are appointed to administer the constitution of this confederated republic, are GENERALLY persons who have borne with the people "the burthens and heat of the day" in the late arduous conflict—men, whose principles, and habits we have been familiarized to—and from whom we have no reason to anticipate the least hauteur of carriage, or "insolence of office."
Mark those who bear a high, imperious crest, Who with insufferable pride possess, Give to your just demands a sharp reply, And you shall find them BEGGARS, mounted high.
ELECTRICAL RODS.
THE power of metallic rods to attract and conduct lightening into the earth, with safety to the buildings on which they are affixed, is generally known. These rods, as they are commonly made in the country, are not of sufficient bigness to conduct it off. Every fact of this kind ought to be communicated for the public information. Thursday the 16th instant an electric rod in Hartford was struck by lightning from the clouds. One of the pointers melted—a great blaze of fire for several instants appeared to involve the top of the rod—the rod through its whole length to the earth, emitted an immense number of large sparks—part of the lightning descended by two chimnies, one contiguous to the rod, and the other thirty feet distant. This rod weighs more than one hundred pounds, and in diameter is an inch and one third nearly, a size larger than is commonly used. The expansive blaze which for a short space surrounded the top of the rod arose from its incapacity instantly to receive and conduct so great a charge—the emission of sparks and the descent of lightning by the chimnies are evidence of the same fact. A small rod which attracts the lightning and is insufficient to conduct it into the earth, may in some instances increase the danger. An inch and half diameter is the smallest size which ought to be used.

From the PENNSYLVANIA PACKET.
To the FARMERS of PENNSYLVANIA, and elsewhere.
BY the latest accounts from Europe, there is reason to expect that there will be, for some time, a demand for large quantities of wheat and flour for exportation from the United States. At the same time it is well known, that from the severe drought which has prevailed for several weeks past, the crops of wheat sown this year too generally wear a very unpromising aspect. These considerations have induced me to communicate the result of an experiment, among several others, I made last fall, with a view to ascertain the best method of guarding against the destructive operations of the Hessian Fly, which at that time was supposed would come forward from the eastward, upon the grain crops; but, through the favor of Divine Providence, our apprehensions on that account seem now to be entirely removed.
The 5th day of November last, which was about two months after the proper time of sowing most kinds of wheat, I sowed a piece of buck-wheat stubble with yellow-bearded wheat, at the rate of five pecks per acre*; when the winter came on, the seed scarcely had vegetated, and until the beginning of May the whole appeared exceedingly backward; but at the following harvest (the 16th of July) I had the unexpected satisfaction of reaping as fine a crop as I, or any of my neighbors, had from an equal quantity of ground sown in the month of September. The soil, a loamy clay, was in tolerable heart, but had not been manured for many years; it was ploughed about eight inches deep, the seed sown over furrow, and a few furrows cut with the plough, to carry off any excess of water. The ground had two other ploughings of the above depth the same year, viz. in the month of April, for spring barley, and in July for the buck-wheat crop. A heavy roller was drawn over the buck-wheat stubble, in order to break down the hard clods that lay on the surface of the ground which could not be reduced by the plough and harrow. But as few farmers in this State are provided with this useful machine, it may be observed, that this operation, tho' of service, is not essentially necessary, nor will it be advisable for those who have been in the too common practice of ploughing their lands from three to four inches deep, to plough double that depth, and immediately sow wheat, on a soil which, perhaps, has never before been exposed to the action of the sun and air. But yet, a small portion of fresh earth, turned up with the old worn out soil, may not be amiss.
The yellow-bearded wheat may be had of several persons, who procured seed last year from Long-Island; but where it cannot be had, some other kinds may probably answer nearly as well, particularly the common red and yellow wheat, which are esteemed the hardiest.
As the earth is now very dry, and consequently in a good condition to receive late crops, (more especially if rain should follow soon after) I am about sowing all my buck-wheat stubble and potatoe fallows, with yellow-bearded wheat (except a small part with the other sorts, on trial) and some rye.
Several fields of wheat and rye have lately been ploughed up, and the ground sown over again, from being much injured by the insect called the Louse, which frequently makes great havoc in dry seasons; but it is doubtful whether this will always answer, as it has been experienced that these insects (many of which still remain alive in the ground, if the drought continues) have often devoured the shoots of even a second sowing.
Having given the foregoing circumstances, I shall not at present spend any time in speculative reasoning. If any considerable quantity of wheat can be raised by the means I have stated, in addition to what may be produced from that already sown, my aim will be answered.
JOSEPH MIFFLIN.
Fountain Green, October 24, 1789.
N. B. This Address would have been first handed to the Philadelphia Agricultural Society, for their inspection, but their next meeting will not be held until the 10th of next month, which would render the publication too late to serve the purpose intended.
NOTE.
* When winter grain is sown later than usual, a greater quantity of seed should be allowed, as it is apt not to tiller or stool so well as when sown earlier.
ANECDOE.
THE ladies can, if they please, retaliate severely on those who treat them not with the respect they merit. A gentleman who had married a second wife, indulged himself in recurring too often in conversation to the beauty and virtues of his first consort. He had, however, barely discernment enough to discover, that the subject was not agreeable to his present lady. "Excuse me madam, said he, I cannot help expressing my regret for the dear deceased!" "Upon my honor, said the lady, I can most heartily affirm that I am as sincere a mourner for her, as you can be."
THE HERMIT, and his DOG.
FROM SYMPATHY, A POEM.
IN life's fair morn, I knew an aged seer, Who sad and lonely pass'd his joyless year; Betray'd, heart-broken, from the world he ran, And shunn'd, oh dire extreme, the face of man; Humbly he rear'd his hut within the wood, Hermit his vest, a hermit's was his food, Nitch'd in some corner of the gelid cave, Where chilling drops the rugged rockstone lave; Hour after hour, the melancholy sage, Drop after drop to reckon, would engage The ling'ring day, and trickling as they fell, A tear went with them to the narrow well; Then thus he moraliz'd as slow it pass'd, "This, brings me nearer Lucia than the last; "And this, now streaming from the eye," said he, "Oh, my lov'd child, will bring me nearer thee." When first he roam'd, his dog with anxious care, His wand'ring watch'd, as emulous to share; In vain the faithful brute was bid to go, In vain the sorrower sought a lonely woe. The Hermit paus'd, th' attendant dog was near, Slept at his feet, and caught the falling tear; Up rose the Hermit, up the dog would rise, And every way to win a master tries. "Then be it so. Come faithful fool," he said; One pat encourag'd, and they sought the shade; An unfrequented thicket soon they found, And both repos'd upon the leafy ground; Mellifluous murmur'ings told the fountains nigh, Fountains, which well a pilgrim's drink supply, And thence, by many a labyrinth is led, Where ev'ry tree bestow'd an ev'ning bed. Skill'd in the chace, the faithful creature brought Whate'er at morn or moon-light course he caught; But the sage lent his sympathy to all, Nor saw unwept his dumb associates fall. He was, in sooth, the gentlest of his kind, And tho' a Hermit, had a social mind: "And why, said he, must man subsist by prey, "Why stop you melting music on the spray? "Why, when assail'd by hounds and hunter's cry, "Must half the harmless race in terrors die? "Why must we work of innocence the woe? "Still shall this bosom throb, these eyes o'erflow; "A heart too tender here, from man, retires, "A heart that aches, if but a wren expires." Thus liv'd the master good, the servant true, 'Till to its God the master's spirit flew; Beside a fount which daily water gave, Stooping to drink, the Hermit found a grave; All in the running stream his garments spread, And dark, damp verdure ill conceal'd his head; The faithful servant from that fatal day Watch'd the lov'd corpe, and hourly pin'd away; His head upon his master's cheek was found, While the obdurate water mourn'd around.
EUROPEAN INTELLIGENCE.
L O N D O N, August 25.
THE present Pope will probably be the last.— There is every reason to suppose that his success will be no more than Bishop of Rome, or perhaps Patriarch of the West.
The emancipation of France will give such an overthrow to Popery, that it is probable, in process of time, the purest religion may be established there, and that is the Protestant System.
The key which hangs to the Popes' Girdle will have few locks hereafter, except those of Heaven, to open:—his revenue from France cut off, Poland declining, and Avignon in a state of revolt, how are the holy coffers to be filled.
His Holiness the Pope may now truly be said,
to mount the papal chair, And scatter empty thunders to the air; Grimly preside in superstition's school, And curse those kingdoms he can never rule.
The East India company are extending their commerce in many branches hitherto unattempted, and in particular their exportation of copper, of which they have sent out this year to the amount of two thousand five hundred tons.
The Russian force in the Baltic, now consists of 37 sail of the line, frigates and other vessels in proportion.
The Prince of Nassau who commands the Squadron of Russian Gallies, is about to land the troops who are to cut off the retreat of the Swedes across the river.
The Squadron of gallies which sailed from Stockholm, the 14th of July for Finland, had under their charge 50 transports, with 2300 troops on board.
On the 16th ult. the King of Denmark, noticed to the College of War, at Copenhagen, that he had appointed Prince Charles of Hesse, Stadtholder of the Dutchess of Holstein and Sleswig, to regulate the necessary preparations for fixing a camp in Holstein, as well as the station where the troops were to assemble.
The Prince Royal is to attend this encampment, and was to set out from Copenhagen the 10th ult. Prince Charles of Hesse has been for some weeks at Berlin, and is to meet his Royal Highness at Sleswig.
Extract of a letter from Canterbury, Aug. 20.
"Last week Madam Neckar passed through this city on her way to London."
In the 128th session of the Diet of Poland, they deliberated on making a compensation for the revenues of the Bishops, who should succeed to actual bishoprics. After long debates, they decided that all Bishops should have 100,000 florins annually, and the Archbishop of Guefne, as Primate, 200,000. The Russian Bishops of the Greek church should have 50,000 florins, and their Archbishops 100,000. The rest of the revenue enjoyed by the Bishops is consigned to the Treasury.
THE EMPEROR.
The following is the head of the Emperor's Declaration of the 14th of August, 1789, concerning the Universities:
It revokes his edict of the 16th of October, 1786, wherein he granted to the Bishops the liberty of instructing their pupils in the priesthood in their own universities, instead of sending them to Louvaine, as was formerly the case.
Restores to the University of Louvaine, the right of nomination, of which it was deprived by his Edict of the 24th of November, 1782.
Declares, that he is ready to make the greatest concessions for the tranquility of his subjects.
As this Edict was the principal cause of the troubles in the Low Countries, there is reason to believe that every thing will return to its former order.
Extract of a letter from Paris, Aug. 17.
"I informed you in my last, that an opinion had begun to prevail, that the explosion of gunpowder near Vésoul, by which it was said so many lives had been lost, was the effect of chance, and not of design. This opinion is now generally received; and the Lord of Quince, who was considered as a monster in nature and justly too, whilst he was thought to have been the author of a deliberate design to blow up his neighbors, is now pretty generally acquitted of the smallest share of guilt in this transaction.
The particulars of the case are thus stated in an account taken upon the spot: Three dragoons were walking in the park where the explosion took place. In this park there stood a pavilion, where the powder and arms belonging to the Lord de Quince were kept. It was well known in the neighbourhood, that this was the place where the nobleman had always kept his powder and arms. They procured a light, and probably went about with it to look at the different things that were in the building. It is conjectured that finding a barrel of gunpowder (there was only one in the pavilion) and not knowing what it contained, they were not as careful with respect to the candle as they would otherwise have been, and thus incautiously set fire to the powder, which destroyed them and the building. Thus they fell victims to their own imprudence and intoxication. The mangled bodies of these three men were found; and after a minute investigation it does not appear that any other person whatever was either killed or hurt by the explosion, so little truth was there in the report which at first prevailed, that the Lord de Quince, through hatred to the popular cause, had blown up his guests, whom, for the most hellish purpose, he had invited to his house. Had this unfortunate, but innocent gentleman, fallen into the hands of the people immediately after this accident happened, and before they were cool enough to reflect, and enquire into the case, there is no doubt but he would have been made to suffer the most cruel death, that the people could devise, who in inflicting would think that they were doing a meritorious deed, and an act of justice.
"All the Swiss soldiers who were quartered at Courbevoix, deserted, the 7th, 8th, and 9th inst. They took with them from their barracks every article of value that they could remove."
INTELLIGENCE BY THE LAST MAIL.
PHILADELPHIA, October 27.
Extract of a letter from Kentucky, Sept. 29, 1789.
"The Indians having committed of late many depredations on our frontiers, an expedition was formed by Col. JOHN HARLING, with 200 men, in order to invade the Indian country—this body of volunteers marched from the falls of the Ohio, on the 26th of August, directly for the Wabash—they arrived in good order, without the loss of a single man—on reaching the Indians settlement on the Wabash, they were opposed by a party of about 30 Indians, whom they soon attacked and defeated—the Indians leaving six dead and nine wounded, with a good deal of plunder on the field. After this defeat, Col. Harling penetrated further up the river, towards the Indian towns, which were all evacuated by the enemy—the corps then returned, after destroying one of their towns, their cattle, corn, &c. and arrived at the falls on the 28th of September, without losing a man. The report which has for some time past been spread of Mr. JACOB FUNCK being killed by the Indians is erroneous, being still in this country, and well."
The Legislature of New-Jersey will meet on Tuesday the 27th, at the City of Perth-Amboy, for the dispatch of the business of the State; when, amongst other matters of importance, the choice of a Governor will not hold the lowest rank. The distinguished character that has held the chair from the first dawn of American Independence, presided in the midst of danger, and lent an helping hand to the formation of a Constitution, the result of the united efforts of the bravest and wisest of our American fathers, as he possesses the hearts, will unquestionably, as heretofore obtain the unanimous suffrages of a federal Legislature.

SPRINGFIELD, October 21.
On Saturday last arrived in town from New-York, His Excellency JOHN ADAMS, Vice-President of the United States of America, accompanied by The Most Hon. TRISTRAM DALTON, one of the Senators from this State to the National Congress: On the Monday following they proceeded on their journey to the eastward. How pleasing the idea, that the most venerable and respectable characters of our Federal Legislature, pay such strict attention to the Sabbath.—That time, which is by many gentlemen too often appropriated to serve their temporal interests, in journeying, &c. is spent by our national rulers in such a manner, as, while it reflects the highest honor on our holy religion, must be considered as a gentle rebuke to those whose conduct on such days, as occasion offers, is truly reprehensible.
HARTFORD, October 26.
The Illustrious PRESIDENT of the UNITED STATES with his Suite, arrived in this city on Monday last, escorted by the Governor's troop of horse guards, dressed in an elegant uniform; and by a large number of gentlemen on horseback. Tuesday he spent the day in town—went to view the various branches of woolen manufacture, and expressed great satisfaction at the progress which had been made in that useful undertaking. On Wednesday, he proceeded on his tour to the Eastern States. The Corporation expressed their own sentiments and those of their fellow-citizens in the following address:
To the PRESIDENT of the UNITED STATES.
SIR,
THE Mayor, Aldermen, and Common Council of the City of Hartford, beg leave most respectfully to congratulate the President of the United States on his accession to the high office of Chief Magistrate; and with cordial hearts to welcome his arrival in this City.
We feel ourselves bound by every tie of duty and patriotism to acknowledge, in common with the people of America, our gratitude for your signal and disinterested services during the late war; by which the citizens of the United States have been protected in their claims for liberty and independence.—That you have been pleased to relinquish the pleasures of retirement, to ensure, by a wise administration, the continuance of those blessings to the people.—Also to profess our sincere attachment to your person, and determination to support the honor and welfare of your government.
THOMAS SEYMOUR, Mayor.
To which the President was pleased to return the following answer.
To the MAYOR, ALDERMEN, and COMMON COUNCIL, of the City of HARTFORD.
GENTLEMEN,
GRATEFUL for the favorable disposition discovered towards me in your address, I receive your congratulations with pleasure, and I thank your goodness with sincerity.
The indulgent partiality with which my fellow-citizens are pleased to regard my public services, is the most acceptable compensation they can receive, and amply rewards them.
While industry gives an assurance of plenty, and respect for the laws maintains the harmony of society, there is every reason to hope for the individual happiness of our citizens, and the dignity of our government, in conduct like yours.
G. WASHINGTON.
Hartford, October 21, 1789.
BOSTON, October 24.
On Thursday last, Joseph Barrel, Samuel Breck, and William Eustis, Esquires, a sub-committee of the committee of the town, for making arrangements for the reception of THE PRESIDENT of the United States, sat out to meet that illustrious character at Worcester; from whence they returned last evening, having had an interview with him at 10 o'clock yesterday, in which they informed him of the wishes of our citizens—and although the President was desirous to come into town in a private manner—yet to gratify the inhabitants, he cheerfully altered his arrangements so as to coincide with those of the town.
We are sorry to learn, that the visit of our beloved President will be but short—and that on Thursday he will set out for Portsmouth.
The bells will ring fifteen minutes on the arrival of the President.
We are told, that the Viscount de PONTEVES, and the Captains of His Most Christian Majesty's Squadron, have declined accepting the invitation of the Committee of Arrangements to take a seat in the balcony erected at the State-House on the arrival of the President, as the ordinances of their King require them to be on board their ships when the Chief Magistrate of a nation arrives at the place in which they lay, to give him the customary salutes. After the President has taken his residence, we hear, the Officers, attended by the Hon. Consul of France, will proceed thereto, and pay him their respects.
At Mrs. INGERSOLL's house, in Court-Street, preparations are making to accommodate THE PRESIDENT of the United States—at which place he will reside during his stay in this town.
THE LADIES,
In honor of THE PRESIDENT, have agreed (a correspondent informs us) to wear the following DEVICE in a sash—a broad white ribbon, with G. W. in gold letters (or spangles) encircled with a laurel wreath in front—on one end of the sash to be painted the American Eagle , and on the other a Fleur de lis .
The Selectmen have ordered the streets to be cleared and cleaned from the State House to the head of Washington-Street.
SHIP NEWS.
Arrived at Portsmouth the ship Hannah, Capt. Turner, from Cape-Francois, in 21 days. Markets low—very low indeed.
Not a person is to be seen at the Cape (or indeed at any of the French islands) without the National Cockade in his hat, BLUE and WHITE—and VIVE LA NATION all the cry.
PORTSMOUTH, October 20.
It is now beyond a doubt that THE PRESIDENT of the United States will visit this town, and thereby afford the citizens thereof an opportunity of paying their respects to the man whom Heaven has selected from the millions of America, to hold the sceptre of peace and wield the sword of war. Already we anticipate the ardor which will pervade our fellow-citizens on so happy an occasion—aged, middle aged, old and young—the venerable matron, and the sprightly virgin—the husbandman—the Rev. Clergy—the Bar—Merchants—Mechanics—Laborers—all of every rank and order, with united hearts and voices, welcoming their Father, Friend, and (under Heaven) their PROTECTOR, to the capital of New-Hampshire.
THE IRISH PEASANT.
LOOK at him, courteous readers! that poor peasant, with all the feelings incident to human nature, with a heart as truly brave and noble as that which animated an Alexander, with a proportion of the milk of human kindness flowing through all his veins, and perhaps too the descendant of Irish Nobility, nay, of Irish Kings and Chieftains, is now laboring hard to support a wife, an aged mother, and eleven children, upon 4d. a day, out of which he pays £.2 a year for his wretched hovel, (inferior by far to a northern pig styte) a ridge of potatoe ground; so that for the maintenance of fourteen persons he has about £.6 1s. 8d. a year, from which, if we deduct the tithe of his little garden, his oppressive hearth money tax, his minister's monies and his priest's dues, our wretched peasant and all his family will have about £.5 a year for clothes, tobacco and maintenance, upon an average less a great deal than 7/ annually a head. But that is not the worst of the matter, for in some parts of the kingdom this brave, this generous fellow, who would share his potatoe and water with all his heart with a stranger, the mendicant and the friendless, is used more cruelly than a negro slave, not only by the tyrant his landlord and master, but by the griping avaricious proctor, the merciless hearth money man, and every creature round him who can afford to wear, eat, and drink better than himself. His family, alas, are totally naked! That old flannel jacket and broken sheepskin breeches, all his clothing throughout the different seasons of the year; a dirty wad of straw, more resembling litter from its age, the bed of ware for the whole family; with the addition of a pig, if he is lucky enough to have one; a ragged cadow, and a pot to boil their potatoes; all their worldly effects, if so lucky as to have been able to screen them from the rapacious claws of the smokeman and his constable—Potatoes, as I said before, their only viands, the limpid stream their beverage, and cow and horse dung their fuel!—Heavenly powers! such wretchedness is hardly supportable!—I can no more!
Prelates and Kings may flourish or may fade, A breath can make them, as a breath has made; But a bold peasantry—a nation's pride, If once destroyed can never be supplied.
GOLDSMITH.
NEW-YORK, OCTOBER 31.
The PRESIDENT of the United States arrived at Cambridge, Massachusetts, on Saturday last—where he was received by the third division of the Middlesex militia, consisting of 1000 men, in complete uniform, under the command of the Hon. Major-General BROOKS.
The Lieutenant Governor and Council of the Commonwealth (the Governor being indisposed) escorted by Col. TYLER's light dragoons, with a large number of other gentlemen, met the President at Cambridge, from whence they attended him to the metropolis.
Between the hours of two and three P. M. he arrived at Boston—It is said his intention was to have entered the town by the way of Charlestown Bridge; but at the request of a respectable committee from the inhabitants, and to coincide with the wishes of the people, and the arrangements made for his reception, he was pleased to alter his route, and accordingly made his entry at the south part of the town, amidst the plaudits of an immense multitude of grateful, free and loyal citizens. The Bells immediately began a joyful peal.—A grand procession was formed, consisting of the civil, clerical, and military professions, with the various branches of trade, arts,
and manufactures—which with a surrounding concourse, said to amount to upwards of 20,000 persons, attended THE PRESIDENT to the State-House—where the whole procession passed in review before him.
The independent military companies, from thence, escorted him to his lodgings in Court-Street—where they fired a salute, and were dismissed. The transactions of this joyous day were conducted without the least accident, or confusion.
L'ACTIVE, and LE SENSIBLE, two frigates belonging to the division of His Most Christian Majesty's navy, under the command of the Right Hon. The Viscount de PONTEVES, were beautifully illuminated in the evening—and fire works exhibited from on board.
The public buildings of the town were likewise illuminated, and fire-works displayed in the most public streets.
The Procession of the people in Boston must be considered as the greatest mark of attention that they could possibly exhibit to testify their veneration for THE PRESIDENT of the United States—This was the mode they chose to express their feelings on the ratification of the Constitution; an event that excited sensations of pleasure, and rapture in the public mind, superior to any transaction recorded, or that could then be conceived.
On Tuesday last, there was to be an Oratorio at the Chapel Church in Boston—it was expected the PRESIDENT would honor the performance with his presence.
The universal and spontaneous effusions of gratitude and respect, which are discovered by the people to THE PRESIDENT of the United States, in every stage of his progress through the eastern States, afford the liveliest and strongest testimonies of their attachment to this illustrious character—they are, to a feeling heart, and as he beautifully expresses it in his answer to the Hartford Address, "the most acceptable compensation for public services"—while at the same time they are the highest compliment to the patriotism and good sense of the people.
When we read accounts of the triumphal entries of the Roman conquerors, with wretched victims dragged at their chariot wheels, how sunk and depraved does human nature appear! Can it be possible that a people who took delight in such spectacles of barbarity, ever felt a sentiment of generous freedom? No—it cannot be supposed that they ever did. Their boasted freedom, and love of liberty, consisted in a power and disposition to humble, and enslave all the world beside. With what propriety then are their examples cited as models for the imitation of the free, and enlightened citizens of the American Republic?
The people of the United States love good government—and their honest and consistent patriots are respected to a degree of veneration—Nor can an instance be pointed out of their ever deserting, or ceasing to express the strongest attachment to their civil rulers, where abilities and integrity are united, and the public mind has fair play.—But as men of honesty, and fair principles, are more liable to imposition, than characters long practised in the arts of deceit, and cunning—so the generous confidence of the people is often betrayed, by the misrepresentations of those, whose interest cannot be advanced, while honest men stand in their way, or enjoy the public esteem.
EXTRACTS.
"All political edifices that are not built and sustained upon this foundation, of defending the weak against the oppressor, must tumble into a tyranny, even worse than anarchy.
"To fence and establish the divinely inherent right, of security to the person and property of man, has been the study and attempt of all legislators, and systems of civil polity, that ever warmed the world with a single ray of freedom.
"But so strong is the propensity to usurpation in man; so dangerous is it to tempt individual or collective trustees with the investiture of uncontrollable power; so difficult to watch the Watchers , restrain the Restrainers , from injustice; that whether the government were committed to the ONE, the FEW, or the MANY, the parties entrusted have generally proved traitors; and deputed power has almost perpetually been seized upon as property.
The Editor has received a paper from Boston containing some particulars of the procession; but as the Printers say it was compiled in haste, he hopes to be able to give a correct account next week.
IF JOHN BAYES, who lately lived with a Farmer at Peapack-Neck, near Baltimore, and formerly from Northamptonshire in England, or his son WILLIAM BAYES, who lived with Robert Robertson, tavern-keeper, in Redminster-Township, Pennsylvania, are living—and will send an account of themselves, and where they are, or either of them may be found, to SAMUEL ELAM, at Newport, Rhode-Island, they will hear of something to their advantage. Information of the decease of either of those persons, (should such an event have happened) would be esteemed a favor, directed as above. New-York, October 21, 1789.
WANTED, to complete Files of this paper, numbers 30, 40, 43, 44, 46, and 48: Six pence each will be paid for either of those numbers at the office of the Editor. October 24,

The Nation which would be served by Men of honesty and great abilities, must pay well.
IN my excursions thro several parts of New England, I have noticed a class of citizens, who complain of the compensations allowed by Congress to the principal officers of government.
The liberal character of the Americans is an evidence that those complaints arise more from their strong jealousy for liberty, than from parsimony. A jealous concern for public liberty is a noble passion, which will guard the freedom of your posterity, but at the same time it needs the rigid correction of reason. A weak and ignorant administration is one common means of subverting popular rights. Those very principles in the human mind, which make men jealous of their liberty, without restraint, will lead them into licentiousness.
The end of a good government is to divide out liberty in proper portions to every citizen, that all may be free, and none oppressed. In a state of anarchy, every neighbour becomes a tyrant in his own little sphere of afflicting; in absolute governments there are few tyrants, awful in their course—and to approach them is approaching death. If you must be wretched, it matters little whether the minister of a prince or an ill-natured neighbour be the instrument. Civil government is the only possible guard against these evils. If you were a nation of slaves, the sword, bayonet and prison would give efficacy to the measures of weak and unprincipled rulers; but you are free, and if governed at all, men of high talents and approved integrity, your most literary and industrious citizens must be called into employment. Such men never have need to beg business, for the resources of their own minds and their application is a fund of wealth. If the public design to have their services, the reward must be adequate to their abilities, and bear some proportion to the gains they make in private life.
No man will leave a private employment, which promises him a thousand dollars per annum, for an office of half the sum, in which he is responsible to the public opinion, and perhaps endangers the loss of his reputation for wisdom; a sacrifice for which no pecuniary satisfaction can be made. Honor or the public notice may with a few be an inducement; but these few are persons of great vanity, and have not the abilities for a difficult or confidential trust. Men of discernment, and such you want, know how to estimate their own consequence in the State, they know that if for the present you employ mean abilities for the sake of being served at a cheap rate, the public system will soon be deranged, and that you must then purchase their aid at such price as they please. It is a better way to commence your government on such principles as will be permanent. Let public officers be few, and make them responsible both for their capacity and honesty. It is too much the custom of this country to pity a man, who says "I did as well as I knew." Ignorance ought to be no excuse before the sacred tribunal of the public. He who accepts an office doth it at his own risque, and there are as many reasons why he should bear the consequence of incapacity as of knavery. Make this the known rule for decision on public characters, and the ignorant seekers of office will become less troublesome in their solicitations. Give an honorable reward which will command the service of your most distinguished citizens, to whatever department they are called. Such men have a character to lose, and ambition will unite with every other consideration to call forth their greatest exertions.
If this proposal doth not please, it is easy to change the system, for in every country there are rogues and dunces in plenty, who will serve you at any price: BUT REMEMBER THAT THE FIRST WILL CHEAT YOU OUT OF THOUSANDS, AND THE LATTER DISSIPATE MILLIONS BY THEIR IGNORANCE.
The compensations determined by Congress, are as small as can possibly command the service of your best characters—a less sum by throwing the execution of your government into unskilful hands would have endangered the whole. The pay of the Senate and Commons great as it may found in the ears of some, circumstances being all considered, is not extravagant. It is a prevalent idea through the union that these gentlemen shall hold no other office under the empire or particular States—most of them to serve you have relinquished lucrative employments—after the first year Congress will not probably be together more than fifty days in a year—tho' your representatives be increased, the expence of a legislature will be much less than the sums given by the several States to support the members of the old Congress. Your whole civil list, including every department, would not half defray the household expences of an European Prince. The highest officers in your judiciary, and revenue, have not a better provision than grooms of the stable, noble keepers of hawks and hounds, and dependants still more insignificant than those, receive in other nations from the hands of Royalty. Useless officers are the vermin of a State, but some officers are
necessary to its very existence. Let them be few as possible, but men of approved ability—pay them well—make them responsible—and if after this any are unfaithful, demand what atonement you please, it will not be too severe.
NEW-YORK, OCTOBER 31, 1789.
TREASURY DEPARTMENT, SEPT. 19, 1789.
GENERAL ESTIMATE OF MONEY requisite for the WAR DEPARTMENT, for the year 1789.
PAY OF THE TROOPS.
ARTILLERY.
Table with 3 columns: Rank/Item, Quantity, Dols. goths. Rows include Major, Captains, Lieutenants, Surgeon's Mate, Sergeants, Corporals, Musicians, Artificers, Matrosses.
INFANTRY.
Table with 3 columns: Rank/Item, Quantity, Dols. goths. Rows include Brigadier-General, Majors, Captains, Lieutenants, Ensigns, Pay-Master, Quarter-Master, Adjutant, Surgeon, Surgeon's Mates, Sergeants, Corporals, Drums and Fifes, Privates.
SUBSISTENCE.
Table with 3 columns: Rank/Item, Quantity, Dols. goths. Rows include Brig. Gen., Majors, Captains, Subalterns, Surgeon, Mates, Rations for 840 Non-Commissioned Officers and Privates.
Table with 3 columns: Rank/Item, Quantity, Dols. goths. Rows include Cloathing, Contingencies.
QUARTER-MASTER'S DEPARTMENT.
Table with 3 columns: Rank/Item, Quantity, Dols. goths. Rows include Transportation, For Medicines, Instruments, Furniture and Stores for an Hospital for the Frontiers.
HOSPITAL.
Table with 3 columns: Rank/Item, Quantity, Dols. goths. Rows include For Salaries to the Store-keepers at their several depots.
ORDINANCE DEPARTMENT.
Table with 3 columns: Rank/Item, Quantity, Dols. goths. Rows include West-Point, Virginia, Springfield, Charleston, Affiants, Store-keeper at Philadelphia, Rhode-Island, Lancaster, Fort Harkemer, His Subsistence.
Table with 3 columns: Rank/Item, Quantity, Dols. goths. Rows include Rents of Buildings for Deposits, Laborers at the several depots, Repairs of Arms, Cleaning 30,000 Muskets.
Table with 3 columns: Rank/Item, Quantity, Dols. goths. Rows include Contingencies of the War Department, Contingencies of the War Office, Salaries of the officers.
Table with 3 columns: Rank/Item, Quantity, Dols. goths. Rows include Carried forward, Copy of the original File.
Signature: ALEXANDER HAMILTON, Secretary of the Treasury. (Signed) H. KNOX.
Table with 3 columns: Rank/Item, Quantity, Dols. goths. Rows include Brought forward, Deduct the amount of the Salaries of the Officers.
Table with 3 columns: Rank/Item, Quantity, Dols. goths. Rows include Ditto for Contingencies, which are estimated in the Civil List.
Table with 3 columns: Rank/Item, Quantity, Dols. goths. Rows include (Or dollars 163,078, and 66 Cents).
Signature: ALEXANDER HAMILTON, Secretary of the Treasury. Treasury Department, September 19, 1789.
ABSTRACT of JOURNAL of the FIRST SESSION of the SENATE of the UNITED STATES.
FRIDAY, MAY 1.
The Report of the joint Committee, to whom was recommitted, the mode of communication between the Senate and House of Representatives, as made by the Committee on the part of the Senate, was taken up and not accepted.
The same report of the Committee on the part of the House, and the acceptance thereof by the House was considered in the Senate, and it was determined that it should lie until further order.
A motion, "That when a messenger shall come from the House of Representatives to the Senate, and shall be announced by the door keeper, the messenger shall be received at the bar of this House by the Secretary, and the bill or paper that he may bring, shall there
be received from him by the Secretary, who shall deliver it to the President of the Senate," was committed to Mr. Ellsworth, Mr. Lee, and Mr. Read. And the Committee were instructed to report a mode of sending bills and messages from the Senate, to the House of Representatives. Adjourned.
SATURDAY, MAY 2.
Agreed, That until a permanent mode of communication shall be adopted between the Senate and House of Representatives, the Senate will receive messages by the Clerk of the House, if the House shall think proper to send him, and papers sent from the House, shall be delivered to the Secretary at the bar of the Senate, and by him be conveyed to the President.
A message from the House of Representatives, by Mr. Beckley, their Clerk.
Mr. PRESIDENT, "I AM commanded by the House of Representatives, to bring, to the Senate, the proceedings of the House on a resolution of the Senate, of the 27th of April: Also to communicate to the Senate, the appointment of the Reverend William Lynn, D. D. to be one of the Chaplains to Congress, agreeably to the resolves of the 13th of April."—And he withdrew.
The concurrence of the House of Representatives on the resolve of the 17th, is as follows:
"In the House of Representatives of the United States the 29th of April, 1789."
"The House proceeded to consider the following resolution of the Senate, to wit,"
"In Senate April 27th, 1789."
"Resolved, That after the oath shall have been administered to the President, he, attended by the Vice President, and the Members of the Senate, and House of Representatives, proceed to St. Paul's Chapel, to hear divine service to be performed by the Chaplain of Congress, already appointed—whereupon,"
"Resolved, That this House doth concur in the said resolution, amended and read as followeth, to wit,"
"That after the oath shall have been administered to the President, the Vice President, and Members of the Senate, the Speaker and Members of the House of Representatives, will accompany him to St. Paul's Chapel, to hear divine service performed by the Chaplain of Congress."
Mr. Strong, by order of the Committee appointed the 28th of April, on a bill passed the House of Representatives, entitled "An act to regulate the time and manner of administering certain oaths," reported fundry amendments; and Monday next was assigned to take the same into consideration. Adjourned.
PRICE CURRENT.—NEW-YORK.
OCTOBER 31.
Table with 3 columns: Item, Quantity, Price. Rows include Jamaica Spirits, Antigua Rum, St. Croix, do., Country, do., Molasses, Brandy, Geneva, Do. in cases, Muscovado Sugar, Loaf, do., Lump, do., Pepper, Pimento, Coffee, Indigo, (Carolina), Rice, Superfine Flour, Common do., Rye do., Indian Meal, Rye, Corn, (Southern), Do. (Northern), Beef, first quality, Pork, first quality, Oats, Flax-feed, Ship bread per cwt., Country refined bar-iron, Do. bloomer, Sweden do., Russia do., Pig-iron, German steel, per lb., Nails American, by cask, per lb. qd., Do. do. do. 6d., Do. do. do. 8d., Do. do. do. 10d., Do. do. do. 12d., Do. do. do. 14d., Do. do. do. 16d., Pot ash, per ton, Pearl ash, Bees-wax per lb., Mackerel per barr., Herrings, Mahogany, Jamaica, per foot, Dominico, do., Honduras, do., Logwood unchipped, per ton., Do. chipped., 2 inch white oak plank, per m., 1 inch do., 2 inch white pine plank, 1 1/2 inch do., 1 inch do., 2 inch pitch pine do., 1 1/2 inch do., 1 inch do., Pitch pine scantling, Cyprus 2 feet shingles, Do. 22 inch do., Cedar 2 inch do., Do. 22 inch do., Do. 18. inch do., Butt white oak staves, Pipe do. do., Hoghead do. do., Do. do. heading, Irish barrel do. staves, Hoghead red oak do., Do. French do., Hoghead hoops, White oak square timber per square foot., Red wood, per ton., Fustick, Beaver, per lb., Otter per skin, Grey fox, Martin, Raccoon, Mink, Beaver hats, Castor do.