Gazette of the United-States. (New-York [N.Y.]), 1790-11-03 00:00:00

Gazette of the United States.
PUBLISHED WEDNESDAYS AND SATURDAYS BY JOHN FENNO, No. 69, MARKET-STREET, BETWEEN SECOND AND THIRD STREETS, PHILADELPHIA.
[No. 54, of Vol. II.]
WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 3, 1790.
[Whole No. 158.]
PLAN OF THE GAZETTE OF THE UNITED STATES. (A NATIONAL PAPER.)
Published at the Seat of the NATIONAL GOVERNMENT, Comprising
 1. EARLY and authentic accounts of the Proceedings of Congress—its Laws, Acts, and Resolutions, communicated so as to form an history of the transactions of the national government.  II. Impartial Sketches of the Debates of Congress.  III. Essays on the great subjects of Government; also upon the local and national rights of the American citizens, as founded upon the national or state Constitutions; and upon every other subject, which may appear suitable for newspaper discussion.  IV. A series of Paragraphs, calculated to catch the "living manners as they rise," and to point the public attention to objects that have an important reference to domestic, social and public happiness.  V. The Interests of the United States as connected with their literary Institutions; religious and moral objects; improvements in Science, Arts, Education and HUMANITY; their foreign treaties, alliances, connections, &c.  VI. Every species of Intelligence which may affect the commercial, agricultural, manufacturing, or political interests of the American nation.  VII. A chain of Domestic Occurrences.  VIII. A series of foreign articles of Intelligence.  IX. The state of the Funds; Courses of Exchange; Prices Current. 
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Published every WEDNESDAY and SATURDAY.
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TO THE PUBLIC.
AT this important crisis, the ideas that fill the mind, are pregnant with events of the greatest magnitude—to strengthen and complete the union of the States—to extend and protect their commerce—to explore and arrange the national funds—to restore and establish the public credit—will require the energies of the patriots and sages of our country—Hence the propriety of increasing the mediums of knowledge and information.
AMERICA, from this period begins her national existence—"THE WORLD IS ALL BEFORE HER"—the wisdom and folly—the misery and prosperity of the empires, states, and kingdoms, which have had their day upon the great theatre of time, and are now no more, suggest the most important mementos—these, with the rapid series of events, in which our country has been involved, have taught the enlightened citizens of the United States, that freedom and government—liberty and laws, are inseparable.
This conviction led to the adoption of the new constitution; for however various the sentiments, respecting the merits of this system, all GOOD MEN are agreed in the necessity of an efficient federal government.
A paper, therefore, established upon national, independent, and impartial principles—which shall take up the premised articles, upon a COMPETENT PLAN, it is presumed, will be highly interesting, and meet with public approbation and patronage.
The Editor of this publication is determined to leave no avenue of information unexplored:—He solicits the assistance of persons of leisure and abilities—which, united with his own assiduity, he flatters himself will render the Gazette of the United States not unworthy general encouragement—and is, with due respect, the public's humble servant, THE EDITOR. April 15, 1790.
THIS publication commenced with the present government of the United States:—Its principal objects are comprised in the above plan; they have been thus far attended to, according to the best abilities of the Editor—and that they are deemed interesting, has been evinced by the general approbation which the paper has received, and the extensive circulation it has obtained: It shall be the aim of the Editor to keep up the spirit of his plan—every communication conducive to that point, will be gratefully received.—Freedom, Government, Union and Peace constitute the happiness of every country—the United States in a particular manner, have all their present enjoyments, and future hopes, suspended on the preservation of these essential pillars of human felicity: In an ardent wish to promote these great objects, the "Gazette of the United States" originated—to these it has been—and shall be sedulously devoted; and while it continues an impartial vehicle to the public of governmental transactions, and interesting information on the most important subjects of life, the Editor cannot fail of public encouragement.
Agreeable to the original design, the publication is now commenced in Philadelphia, the seat of government for the United States.—The patronage of the citizens of this metropolis is hereby solicited:—Those who may wish to form a judgment of the work, are respectfully informed that the first volume (from April 1789, to April 1790) may be inspected at the house of the Editor, No. 69, Market-Street.
The second volume commenced in April last: The Editor can supply the numbers complete from that period—which contain the laws of the second session of Congress—and the debates and proceedings of the house of Representatives, during four months of the session.
Among the innumerable blessings derived to the people of the United States from the present general government, there is none productive of happier effects than that spirit of UNIVERSAL CITIZENSHIP which has in a great measure eradicated party and local distinctions, and now forms a great national feature in the American character.—The Editor therefore, with confidence, takes his station in the capital of the United States, being fully persuaded, that in proportion to his merits, he will receive the patronage of the public. JOHN FENNO.
FOR THE GAZETTE OF THE UNITED STATES.
EXPERIMENTS on the SARAGHTOGA WATERS.
From a Communication to STEPHEN VAN WYCK, Esq.
By SAMUEL L. MITCHELL, Esq. M. D. in Republ. Ebor. LXX vir; &c. &c.
THE temperature of the surrounding atmosphere being at the fifty eighth degree of FARENHEIT's scale, the heat of the uppermost Spring was forty nine and an half degrees; that of the lower fifty-one and a half.
Corrosive sublimate of Mercury when dissolved in the water, underwent no perceptible alteration. As this substance was not decomposed, it is clear there was no Alkali present in the Spring, in its aerated state.
Aerated fixed vegetable Alkali rendered the water turbid, and a white precipitate soon fell down in large quantity. A plain indication of earth dissolved in the water.
The kind and quality of this earth was strikingly shewn by the following experiments. 1. Solution of Soap in Alcohol was quickly decomposed. 2. Acid of Sugar very speedily threw down a copious white precipitate. This last was exceedingly beautiful, and proved the quantity of Lime to be remarkably abundant.
To determine whether the Vitriolic and Muriatic acids were contained in the water, the two ensuing experiments were made. 1. A solution of Silver in the Nitrous Acid, became very white and milk-like, instantly on being added. 2. An aqueous solution of acetated Lead, was precipitated immediately after mixture, in the form of a white powder. Whence it is presumable the water contains both Glauber's Salt and Sea-Salt, especially since much saline matter is afforded, by evaporation.
Green Vitriol at first dissolved readily, but afterwards on standing, a yellowish ochre was deposited.
Lunar Caustic, was instantly decomposed, white flocculi rose plentifully to the top of the water, and floated there, forming white striæ as they passed upwards; within a minute they lost their whiteness, in a considerable degree, became of an ash or dove-colour, and sunk one after another to the bottom. The whole liquor then appeared turbid and somewhat purple.
Lastly, the presence of Iron was proved by these two experiments. 1. Phlogisticated Alkali assumed on mixture, a blue colour. 2. Saturated Tincture of Galls in Alcohol, acquired somewhat of a purple hue. The chalybeate impregnation is however weak, for the quantity of ferruginous matter is small, and contained in the uppermost spring only.
From which experiments, and from those formerly published on the same subject, it is evident the Saraghtoga waters contain as principal ingredients: 1. Aerial acid. 2. Lime. 3. Sea-salt. 4. Glauber's Salt. 5. Iron.
Much remains to be said on their medicinal qualities and effects; but I shall stop here for the present, with recommending to the curious, an attentive perusal of Sir Forster Birgman's truly scientific and elaborate Essay on the Analysis of Waters, whenever they visit mineral springs."
HESSIAN FLY.
MR. FENNO,
WE are sorry to learn that the Wheat Insect has not yet ceased to be troublesome. Considerable damage has been done already to those crops which were sowed early; insomuch that the farmers in some places have plowed up some of their Wheat-fields and sowed Rye. The history of this animal is now so well understood, that it is in the power of Farmers to avoid much of its mischief, by committing their seed to the ground as late in the season as it will possibly bear. This will keep the insect away until spring;
and then if the land be rich and well-manured, vegetation will proceed so fast with the advance of the warm season that the Wheat will outgrow it. These are matters of great importance, and ought to be attended to by all friends to the agricultural interest. It is much to be feared the Fly will never wholly leave our country, but remain a perpetual obstacle to the raising of Wheat.—But this idea, so far from discouraging, ought rather to incite us to some extraordinary exertion to surmount the difficulty. One of our citizens, we are informed, has sent to some of the Naturalists in Europe, specimens of the Hessian Fly, that it may be certainly decided whether the species be new or not; and whether like damage has ever happened in that part of the globe from a similar cause.
* DR. MITCHELL. As appears by his Epistola ad Prof. WALKER: "Nescio certè an species nata vel nova sit; hoc tamen tunc perspicuè et acuminè illico patebit. Plantas tritici solo quamvis feraci vigentes, sæpè penè necavit hocce dium animal, sapienter penitùs absumptis. Calamitas inde orta ita agricolas affecit, ut ii, qui olim modios centenos vendere soliti sunt, vix aut ne vix quidem hodiè farra in ulum familiæ quotidianum menter queant. Rus itaque triste, arva nuda, incolæ egeni. Paupertatis species, pecunà hinc de causis deficiente, ubique apparens. Ære alieno populus, et domi et foras oppressus." Also, from his answer to Monsieur D'ANTIE, who had written to him from Paris for information about American Insects: "Je vous fais passer l'insecte, qui pour plusieurs années a détruit nos moissons, c'est une petite mouche, qui met ses œufs dans l'herbe du froment, et ne demeure jamais dans les grains, &c." And likewise, from his communication to the President of the Royal Society: "Thus by the two-fold operation of Erosion and Pressure have our harvests been miserably destroyed for a number of years. You now learn how unfounded were the apprehensions entertained by government about importing this Insect in the grain. A like fearfulness prevailed in Canada during the winter 1789, when during a scarcity of bread-corn in the province of Quebec, Lord DORCHESTER earnestly enquired, Whether there was any danger of introducing the Insect in the Wheat brought from the States of New-York and Vermont, to which I replied, that most certainly there was no danger."
LETTER
From a respectable commercial house in L'Orient to a gentleman in Boston, L'ORIENT, MAY 15, 1790.
SIR, THE effect of our late glorious revolution, operating on commerce as well as politics, and some material changes having already taken place in consequence, we embrace this as a favourable moment to renew our aspects, and acknowledgments, to our correspondents at large, when we can have any interesting information to give them, as well concerning the general trade of the kingdom, as what relates to this port in particular, whose superior advantages justly entitle it to a preference over others, from its vicinity to the main ocean, the convenience and safety of its harbour, and the trifling charges vessels are liable to on entry, as mentioned in our price current which we annex for your information and government.
 "The changes we have to announce are,  "The suppression of our East-India company,  "The abolition of the freedom of this port, and,  "The emission of government notes.  "The first met with much opposition, but was notwithstanding decreed; so that the trade to India is now laid open, to the general benefit of the nation, and we think the particular advantage of this town, which, joining to its other conveniences, that of having the proper warehouses and offices completely established, and the face of that trade already turned towards it must command a preference, and continue the fixed mart for the sale of East-India goods, which we presume will be more reasonable in future than heretofore.
"The abolition of the freedom of this port met with less opposition, as it was a measure sought for by the inhabitants, who found it only served as an encouragement to smuggling, to the prejudice of the fair trader, whose intercourse with the rest of the kingdom was restrained, as no article that once came into the town, could return by land, or be received at any other of our ports, without paying duties, as though the town were foreign; and here we must observe, lest an idea should go abroad to the contrary, that the taking away this freedom does not prejudice our trade with America, your resident at our court was consulted on the business, and nothing being altered respecting the treaty of 1787, our intercourse with you will be carried on as usual, without any increase of duties or charges, the only difference is the goods must now be as it were bonded.
"The emission of government notes, or assignats as they are called, was to supply the want of the circulation of specie, which was either hoarded up by the monied people, or sent out of the kingdom from interested motives, to the great prejudice and even stagnation of trade; the amount is limited to four hundred millions of livres, and they are so much preferable to bank notes, that they bear interest at the rate of 3 per cent. per ann. are equally transferable, being payable to bearer, and are guaranteed by, and to be paid from, a property of above eight hundred millions, late belonging to the clergy, and which is now on sale.
"Our illustrious national assembly, to perfect the great work it has begun, has many other improvements in agitation, one in particular, to fix a common standard for weights and measures, in which the co-operation of England is sought for; but these are the most interesting changes that have as yet taken place; there is however another in the restrictions they laboured under, being taken off the tanneries; soap and starch manufactories, which though, seemingly of little consequence to you, we mention, in the hope that it may increase our connections with your States, by opening a new branch of commerce, in the exportation of bark, green hides, tallow and kelp, if those articles abound with you; it may also increase the consumption of fish oil, which, as well as whale, are at present of very slow demand, owing to the quantities imported last season, and every port being over flocked: whale bone is likewise slack from the same reason, but pot and pearl ashes on the contrary are in high demand, but we get enough for the consumption; tobacco, rice, wheat, flour,

and good ship timber are also good articles here, and we hope next season your flax-seed will sell currently, as they have been made this year, and the last; but your provisions, pitch, tar, or turpentine, have not as yet recovered the disrepute they fell into by being badly made up, very foul, and short in weight.
"After this detail which we hope will not be unacceptable, it only remains for us to express the ardent wish we form, that in this new arrangement of things, and from the regulations which we understand are taking place in your constitution; the result may insure the freedom and happiness of each, and perfectly cement the union of both countries; in this wish, and one for your prosperity, we remain truly and sincerely,
Your obedient humble servants, &c.
BRUSSELS, August 11.
THE following letter has been received by the Supreme Belgic Congress, from commandant Schipplacken, from Battice, the 8th instant.
Gentlemen,
I have the honor to acquaint you, that having left Liege yesterday at eleven in the forenoon with a body of 1500 men, we took the town of Herve about half past seven in the evening, where we found our three pieces of cannon, corks, tents, baggage, &c.
I used all the means in my power to prevent pillage and disorder, but they proved abortive, owing to the long resistance made by the Austrians, and that of several thousand peasants and citizens, who fired at us from the windows, and behind hedges.
Our loss in killed is not very considerable; but in wounded a great many. We have had the misfortune to lose the brave lieutenant colonel de Reising, who was killed by a musket shot about three-quarters of a league from the town, fired from the house of a peasant, to which we set fire. What contributed most to the catastrophe of the day was, the inhabitants having left their houses, the soldiers forced them to discover those who fired on them, and who, on being found, became objects of their fury.
I am &c.
LONDON, August 31.
Letters from the continent advise that the wheat, barley, and rice harvests, in the southern provinces of Spain and Portugal have proved abundant and were well got in about the 24th of July. The olives, dates, oranges, lemons, grapes, and other autumnal fruits, were in good order, and promise a plentiful crop. The silk harvest, as it is called, in the worm provinces of Andalusia, Mercia, Valencia, and the district of La Mancha, was rather short owing to the heavy rains that prevailed, with a strong S.W. wind, during the working months, whereby a prodigious number of worms perished. The provision, of all kinds were in general plentiful, and consequently cheap, oats excepted, for which there was a very smart demand at most of the ports on the Mediterranean.
The dutch fleet, which was lately at Spithead, is now anchored in the Texel. This intelligence was brought to Portsmouth by a brig which left Holland a few days since.
The French, with their usual activity, are taking the most effectual means of spreading over Europe the knowledge necessary to inspire their fellow-creatures with a just sense of their rank. French books and papers are proscribed in every despotic country. N'importe! They have manufactured many thousands of handkerchiefs, on which they have printed in all European languages, the declaration of the rights of man, and these handkerchiefs they sent to the fair at Frankfort, the great mart of Germany, and to which the chapmen of all countries come. They were bought up with avidity, and are already dispersed over Europe.
The National Assembly of France have emitted a paper medium, to the amount of 400,000,000 livres, and funded it on the confiscated property of the clergy.
M. d'Orleans loses by the decree of France, four millions two hundred thousand livres per annum—a sum almost equal to 100,000l. sterl.
BOSTON, October 22.
Capt. RUSSEL, in the ship William, from Peterburgh, put into Falmouth, in England, which place he left the 9th of September, at which time the press was as violent as ever, four of his men were pressed on board of an English frigate, but he got them off again. The Captain of the English frigate informed him that war must unavoidably take place very soon. It was said that the English fleet was very poorly manned, they having been obliged to take the tag rag of creation in order to get their ships at sea.
From the "Journal de Liberte," of Aug. 29th, we have extracted the following paragraph:—
PARIS, August 29.
THE horizon, as we have always feared, is still more and more obscured.—Lord GOWER, the English Ambassador, dispatched, the day before yesterday, Mr. Shaw, one of the cabinet messengers, with official dispatches for London. Yesterday morning he sent Mr. Broughton, another extraordinary messenger, and on the evening the departure of a third was expected. His Lordship spent all Friday night in preparing dispatches with his Secretaries. We shall soon know, by the result of these dispatches, whether England has meant all along to quarrel with us; For there is certainly nothing in the decree relative to Spain, which can furnish her with any reasonable pretence for a quarrel now. We further add, that no Englishman, who thinks, can forbear applauding it; for every independent nation has, without doubt, the right to watch over its own welfare and defence.
FEDERAL REPRESENTATIVES.
CONNECTICUT.
Hon. Roger Sherman, 2969 votes. *Pierpont Edwards, 2239. *James Hillhouse, 2035. Jonathan Sturges, 1730. Jonathan Trumbull, Esquires, 1720. [These gentlemen having the highest number of votes of the 12 candidates, are chosen. The highest number of votes for the unsuccessful candidates, was for Mr. Reeve, 1672, the lowest, Mr. Davenport, 786. *New members, vice Hon. Messrs. Wadsworth and Huntington.
RHODE ISLAND.
Six candidates there are, viz. Hon. Mr. Bourne, (the present Representative) Messrs. P. Mumford, J. Comstock, James Sheldon, Stephen Arnold, and Peleg Arnold. The votes in Newport, were, for Mr. Mumford 80. Mr. Comstock 1. We have since heard, that the Hon. Mr. Bourne, is re-elected.
Accounts from Plymouth, &c. (Mr. Partridge's district) inform us, that there is not a choice of Federal Representative in that district; and that Sherjashub Bourn and Thomas Davis, Esquires, stand the highest on the poll.
HARTFORD, October 25.
Last Friday, the circuit court, for the district of Connecticut, was opened in this city. The chief justice, in his charge to the grand jury, read and commented on the law of the United States for defining and punishing certain crimes. In the course of his address, he made many pointed remarks upon the nature of certain offences, and the duty of the grand jury; and delivered the whole with elegant simplicity and precision. The court found business sufficient to detain them a part of the present week.
The following gentlemen were admitted attorneys and councillors: William Judd, John Trumbull, Thomas Y. Seymour, Jonathan Brace, Joshua Coit, Sylvester Gilbert, William Mosely, Alexander Wolcott, Noah Webster, jun. Enoch Perkins, Ephraim Root, John Williams, Thomas Chester, John Smith, and Samuel Whittlesey, Esquires.
ELIZABETH (Hager's) Town, (M). Oct. 21.
YESTERDAY afternoon, at 2 o'clock, the approach of the President of the United States was announced in this town, when (to the great honor of the troop) the company of Light Horse, under the command of Capt. Davis, paraded splendidly equipped, in a few minutes, and with the principal gentlemen, met the illustrious stranger three miles from town, and escorted him to its environs, where they were met by that beautiful and martial like company of infantry, commanded by Capt. Ott. He was then conducted through the main street, (the bells ringing) amidst the welcome applauses of its grateful inhabitants, to Mr. Bellzhoover's Tavern.
In the evening the town was illuminated, bonfires appeared in all quarters, and every public demonstration of joy was exhibited on the happy occasion.
An elegant supper was prepared by direction, of which the President and principal inhabitants partook; at the close of which a number of toasts were drunk, accompanied with a discharge of artillery and a volley of musketry to each.
The whole scene of perfect pleasure, good humor, satisfaction, and hilarity terminated before ten o'clock, in the greatest order.
This morning at seven o'clock, our renowned chief bade us an affectionate adieu—and set out for Williams-port, in order to take his passage down that noble river (the American Thames) which will be proud to waft him home.
The following ADDRESS was presented. To THE PRESIDENT of the UNITED STATES.
SIR,
WE the inhabitants of Elizabethtown and its vicinity, being deeply impressed with your illustrious character, and sensibly awake to your resplendent and innumerable virtues, hail you a hearty welcome!
We are happy to find, that notwithstanding your perils, toils, and guardianship, you are still able to grant us this first, this greatest of all favors—your presence.
We felicitate ourselves on your exploring our country—and as you already reign in our hearts, so we should think ourselves doubly blessed, could we have the honor to be included within your more especial command and jurisdiction—within the grand centre of virtues.
Our beloved Chief! Be pleased to accept our most grateful thanks for this honor conferred on us. And may the disposer of all things lengthen out your days, so that you may behold with satisfaction, the virtue and prosperity of the people whom you have made free. And when you come to close the last volume of your illustrious actions, may you be crowned with a crown not made with hands.
THOMAS SPRIGG, HENRY SHRYOCK, WILLIAM LEE,
(In behalf of the whole.
Elizabethtown, Oct. 20, 1790.
The President was pleased to return the following Answer.
To the INHABITANTS of ELIZABETHTOWN and its VICINITY.
Gentlemen,
THE cordial welcome, which you give me to Elizabeth Town, and the very flattering expressions of regard, contained in your address, claim and receive my grateful and sincere acknowledgements.
Estimating, as I do, the affection and esteem of my fellow-citizens, and conscious that my best pretention to their approbation is founded in an earnest endeavour faithfully to discharge the duties which have been assigned me, I cannot better reply to their confidence than by assuring them that the same impartiality, which has heretofore directed, will continue to govern my conduct in the execution of public trusts.
I offer sincere wishes for your temporal happiness and future felicity.
G. WASHINGTON.
[THE readers of the Common Centinel have for some time past been entertained with the lucubrations of a writer, whose Essays are entitled "The Yankee:"—The following judicious Observations on Wit, or "The Art of Joking," are extracted from the ninth number of that paper.]
THE ART OF JOKING.
NOBODY is affronted at being called a wit; notwithstanding, an injudicious display of wit is apt to affront others. It is inherent in human nature to strive for admiration; and self-love will often triumph over prudence. The vanity of exhibiting fine talents is strongly marked in most characters; but many had rather be complimented for the possession of wit and humor, than for the more excellent qualifications of wisdom and virtue. This preposterous and unaccountable vanity, is the constant harbinger of indiscretion. A person, who is ambitious of being remarked for brilliant achievements and flashy feats, will not hesitate, in the warmth of his favorite, hobby horseradish pursuit, to risk the loss of his best friend, to gain the frivolous honor of speaking a joke.
Whenever the search after wit leads us into affectation, we become insupportable to the patience of all companies. A man, conscious he deserves applause, who pauses in proper places of his conversation, to be praised, will be frequently disappointed in the approbation of men of sense.
Wit is at no time more shocking than when united with wickedness. This detestable combination, when it is sent into the world under the denomination of slander , is offensive to delicacy, and subversive of morals. If verbal indiscretion is without palliation, written scandal can surely have no excuse. In the paroxysm of anger, a sarcastic expression may be overlooked by those who consider the imperfection of our natures. But he who with deliberation, and premeditated malice, wantonly writes and publishes his friend's deformities and weaknesses, real or supposed, deserves less clemency than him who errs through passion.
MR. FENNO,
I HAVE read with great pleasure the article which has for sometime past appeared in the Gazette of the United States , under the title of " Discourses on Davila ." The History of France, written by this celebrated Italian, has never fallen into my hands; I have, however, seen it mentioned by several writers of eminence, as a masterly performance. The most interesting period of the affairs of France, I find, is comprised in this history—viz. The time of the civil wars occasioned by the reformation. It is an old observation, "that we reason best from experience." Every event that has been hitherto detailed by the author of the Discourses, confirms the leading sentiment of the writer, and shews how deplorable is the condition of mankind, without that dernier resort of freedom, A FREE CONSTITUTION, when under the controul of despotism, aristocracy, or powerful factious leaders of a party. The natural, irrefragable truths deducible from the reflections of this nervous and independent writer, should inspire the free citizens of this rising republic, with the most profound veneration for, and attachment to the constitution of the United States, which while it holds out the most powerful incitements to a patriotic line of conduct, secures the equal rights of all; and by a happy adoption of the tripple balance, guards and protects us from the tyranny of the one the few, or the many.
FROM THE COLUMBIAN CENTINEL.
MR. RUSSELL; You are requested to publish the following in the Centinel. Your's, &c. E. D.
WE the subscribers feel ourselves in duty bound thus publicly to acknowledge for ourselves, and in behalf of the mercantile and Maritime interest of these United States, the particular obligations we and they, in general, are under to Mr. JOHN BROWN CUTTING, a citizen of America now in London, for his unwearied applications and constant success, in effecting the release of all the American Seamen, who were suffering by an indiscriminate press, which existed in all the ports of Great-Britain, from the month of April, until the time of our departure, and we doubt not that the other masters of American ships, will be equally ready to make known the grateful sense we all entertained of Mr. CUTTING's friendship.
TRISTRAM BARNARD, RICHARD S. TIBBITTS, EDWARD DAVIS, SAMUEL CALDER, CHARLES C. RUSSELL, FITZWILLIAM SARGEANT, Boston, Oct. 23, 1789.
From Mr. T. ALLEN's MARINE JOURNAL.
Navigators keep a good look out.
DUE S. S. W. \frac{1}{2} W. seven miles distant from the S.W. Point of Sand-Key, off Turks Island lies a ledge of rocks of about two hundred yards in length, and one hundred in breadth, hitherto unknown: Upon the shoalest part of which is but seven feet water—from thence the depth is irregular, varying greatly every cast of the lead. Those rocks are not discoverable by the least rip or breaking of the sea, hence they become more dangerous and require a good look out, by keeping the land bearing, to avoid them by the course above. Perhaps this account will not at first be credited by old navigators; indeed it is astonishing that so many hundreds of vessels yearly passing this passage, that it should never have been

known before. To remove any doubts that may arise respecting the truth of this assertion, I shall just note, that on the 14th Sept. last, I saw the British ship Endymion of 44 guns laying upon her beam ends upon those rocks, bearing N. W. by W. Sand-Key then bearing N. \frac{1}{2} W. I judged five leagues distant. I run in between the ship and the key, where the passage is safe, and ocean water for five miles between the rocks and the land. The bearings and distance of those rocks I received from the sailing master of the ship, who has taken an accurate survey of the same. The Edymion struck upon those rocks at half past 8 in the morning, clear weather: She was from Jamaica bound to Turks-Island with cannon, commanded by Lieut. Daniel Woodriff (the Captain being sick in Jamaica) and had on board a good pilot. As lives and property of mariners are dependant in a great measure upon the knowledge of reefs and shoals, I am induced to give this early publication, flattering myself it will soon be confirmed to the satisfaction of the doubtful.
B. Snow.
The Tablet.—No. 149.
“Such causes exist in the United States as are favorable to a prosperous and permanent government.”
THE long contested question, whether men can govern themselves, is now fairly brought to the test of an experiment. From present appearances, there is good reason to expect the point will be so settled, as to establish the affirmative of the question. Are not the people of the United States in the actual enjoyment of a free, and energetic state of government? And may they not, in the most proper sense of expressions, be said to govern themselves? What circumstances can be discerned, that threaten to diminish either the energy or the freedom of our government? Is not the state of society such, as to include the essential materials for forming those civil institutions which will continue long, because there can never exist a reason or a motive for altering them? It may be well to enquire, what can have induced so many wise legislators to doubt the practicability of a self-governed people.
The two main objections against conceding to the point in question are; firstly, that the general character of human nature does not authorize such a concession; and secondly, that the whole concurrence of historical testimony contradicts the idea, that a people will continue to govern themselves, in a cool, a reasonable, and efficient manner. I will make no particular remarks upon the first of these objections, because the advocates of it collect their general notions of human nature from historical facts, and therefore both objections do, in reality, form but one.
Politicians give an air of certainty to their inferences, when they attempt to prove that men always must be, exactly what they always have been. It will be asked, that as no people ever were found, who, properly speaking, did govern themselves, why may it not be inferred that no such ever will exist? The fallacy of the inference proceeds from its being extended too far. The examples that are adduced in support of the principle should only be applied to the proof of cases similar to themselves. A difference in circumstances may counteract all the force that is intended to be derived from the comparison. For instance, a people who were suddenly delivered from a long established despotism, and totally exonerated from a despot, would nevertheless, by bad management, soon reduce themselves back to despotism. Such an event would authorize an inference, that some other people, exactly so situated, would be in danger of a like disaster. But it furnishes no argument that such a description of men, as inhabit the United States, cannot preserve themselves from despotism. An ignorant, servile people cannot govern themselves, because they have neither knowledge nor spirit adequate to such a purpose. A turbulent warlike people will not govern themselves, because their love of plunder and confusion is superior to their love of order and protection. They can neither feel it to be their interest, nor conceive it to be their duty to encourage mild and equitable institutions. But it is far otherwise with respect to a nation, composed of traders, mechanics, and planters, who have a predilection for their several occupations; whose views and competitions generally relate to private objects of business; and whose personal prosperity is perceived to be essentially blended with that of the government. When a man, by honest industry, has acquired property, he feels a solicitude about the protection of it. Why then should he not be an enemy to faction, and to every other cause that really threatens to dissipate the maxims, and defeat the operations of law and justice? The people of the United States will not easily be beguiled into a bad choice of rulers, because the public opinion is so well informed as to be competent to decide upon the merit of characters; and it will be found, that the great mass of individuals know too well what promotes their own interest and safety, not to reprobate the idea of forming a legislature of weak and wicked men.
Since the new government commenced its ca-
reer, it is obvious to the eye of a most careless observer, that the circumstances as well as the character of our inhabitants have ameliorated. The talents discovered in the various executive departments, and the confidence which a judicious administration has inspired in the public mind, are conspicuous proofs that an enlightened people will be best satisfied, when they are best governed. It can never be the interest of one branch of the community, in a free country, to destroy the prosperity of another; nor can the rich derive such durable advantage over the poor, by oppressive laws, as by those that are mild and equitable. When rulers learn that their dignity consists not in being arbitrary and severe, they will have no motive to assume those atrocious qualities. When citizens are habituated to the idea, that their safety is greater in obeying than in opposing the laws, few men will be so foolish or perverse, as to join in pernicious combinations against the government. (To be continued.)
Philadelphia, Nov. 3.
WAR ONCE MORE!
A letter was received by a gentleman in this city last Evening, from Alexandria, which informs that a vessel had arrived at Rappahannock, in 22 days from England, and brought an account that WAR had been declared by Great Britain against Spain.
By accounts from the eastward, we learn that the Spanish fleet of 36 sail of the line, returned to the port of Cadiz the 9th September, after a cruise of six weeks.
The last European intelligence leaves us in doubt respecting the affairs of the Brabant Patriots—the late convention between Austria and Prussia, bears a most inauspicious aspect on their affairs.
We have seen some French papers of the month of August; they contain in substance the articles which have appeared in the English papers, and which have been transcribed into the American Gazettes—some of them contain very bold strictures on the transactions of the National Assembly; these are denominated Aristocratic Gazettes.
The King of Hungary, by his effecting a peace for his distressed dominions, proves himself to be both a great and good man. Not great by wading through seas of blood and scenes of devastation, to the accomplishment of some trivial object of ambition, or to gratify the selfish feelings of resentment and revenge; but from having through generous concession and manly negotiation, restored the blessings of peace to his impoverished and depopulated country.—How are the distinguished butchers of the human race obscured by the mild lustre of humanity? Fed. Gaz.
“In England, every possible encouragement has been given to the woolen manufacture; in Ireland, to the linen; in France, to those of silk, of cottons, of woollens, and almost all others which can furnish labor to her industrious artisans: many have not only been patronized, but carried on at the expence of government: in these ways success has been ensured.”
Capt. Jones, of the Goliath, who arrived at New-York on Thursday, passed through a British fleet of 30 sail of the line, 6 frigates and 4 cutters, on the 4th September, ‘Stait bearing N. E. 14 leagues, standing up Channel: he spoke with one of the fleet, and was informed they had not seen the Spaniards. He afterwards spoke with a brig from Gibraltar, who assured him that it was all peace.
By Capt. Ward, who arrived at Boston the 23d inst. from Martinique, we learn, that the commotions which have so long agitated that island have produced a melancholly scene of human carnage. Our readers will recollect, that there are two implacable parties in that Island. Count Damas (the Governor) the principal planters, the King’s troops, and free mulattoes, form one party which is denominated the Royalists; the other party is formed of the inhabitants of St. Pierre, and some of Fort Royal, who are called the Revolutionists. In a former tumult, the latter executed several mulattoes; which occasioned the expedition against St. Pierre, commanded by Count Damas, and the Viscount de Pontevès Gien. The ringleaders of the mob who murdered the mulattoes, were apprehended—some were committed to goal, and others sent to France, and tranquility was there by restored for a time. Since then the St. Pierre Revolutionists have demanded of the Governor, that the prisoners in goal should be liberated, the suits commenced against those sent to France, stopped, the Mulattoes disarmed, and Fort Bourbon, put into their possession. These the Governor could not comply with; but the Revolutionists found means to get possession of Fort Bourbon, on which the Governor and his officers retired to Gournow, where the Assembly was sitting; and the St. Pierre people fitted out 5 cutters, to prevent supplies going to that part of the island. The Governor also took measures to stop all supplies for the Revolutionists in Fort Bourbon. In consequence of which the garrison were obliged to fend out large parties to collect subsistence from the Plantations: One of these parties, on a marauding expedition, was attacked by the mulattoes and negroes (whom the planters had armed for the protection of their property) and being overpowered by numbers, were obliged to retreat to a cane field—to this the negroes, &c. immediately set fire, and as the Revolutionists issued therefrom, massacred them without distinction to the number of 784; with the loss of only 5 or 6—Capt. Ward had the account of the numbers killed, from officers who counted the dead bodies. The planters have since solemnly sworn, never to carry any more of their produce to the market of St. Pierre; and the Count Damas was preparing for an expedition against that city, which he was determined to bring to submission, or reduce to ashes. In this unhappy situation was the island, when Capt. Ward left it.
Thomas Chittenden, Esq. is elected governor of the state of Vermont, vice his Excellency Gov. Robinson.
Of the three National Representatives for the state of New-Hampshire, the Hon. Samuel Livermore only is elected. Nicholas Gilman and Jeremiah Smith, Esq’rs. are the two next highest candidates.
Hon. William Paterson Esq. Senator of the United States, is elected Governor of the State of New Jersey by the Legislature of said State.
The Hon. Oliver Ellsworth, is re-elected a Senator of the United States, by the legislature of Connecticut.
Extract of a letter from New-York, Oct. 1790. I was this day informed that the Secretary of the Treasury has negotiated a loan in Holland for nearly two millions of dollars pursuant to the late act of Congress, on advantageous terms.
The negotiation of a loan with the wary Hollanders, on favorable terms, strongly indicates that the funds of the United States are considered in Europe as an eligible depositum of property.
Friday morning last, about three o’clock, the Powder-Mill, near Frankford, belonging to Mr. Joseph J. Miller, of this city, blew up—There was about one ton of Powder in the Mill.
Sunday morning last, about 4 o’clock the Brew-House of Mr. Hare, in the Northern Liberties of this city, was discovered to be on fire; and notwithstanding the utmost exertions of the citizens, the greatest part of it was burnt.
Agriculture and manufactures appear to be rising in the estimation of the people of the United States, and with great reason—they form the surest basis of independence, and eventually prove the source of the greatest profit:—Commerce is little better than mere speculation—and very seldom realizes to the adventurer his high-raised expectations. It has lately been asserted in the newspapers of the United States, that one Farmer in Maryland sold from his last crop, twelve thousand bushels of Wheat: What commercial speculation, on a capital equal to the whole probable cost of this Wheat, would be equally productive on the most favorable calculation? And with respect to Manufactures, there can be little doubt that a large capital can be employed in several species of the coarser kind, to much greater advantage than in almost any mercantile enterprise. Duck of all kinds is now manufactured in the United States—and it has been said that coarse Woolens can be made and sold at a lower rate than they can be imported.
The security of property is one principal object of government: Contrast the present situation of the United States, in this particular, with that immediately preceding the adoption of the New Constitution, and how striking the difference! This conscious security, which is induced upon every citizen through the influence of the government, has diffused a new face over our affairs, and has called into operation the dormant funds of individuals, in such manner as to produce an influx of business in every branch, that has been productive of more solid profit to the Union at large, than perhaps ten times the amount of the expences of the general government.
PRICE CURRENT.—PUBLIC SECURITIES. FINAL SETTLEMENTS 12 1/2. INDENTS 7 1/2. NEW LOAN, 6 pr. Cents—few at Market, about 14 1/2.
LATEST ARRIVALS AT THIS PORT. Schooner Dolphin, Williams, (N. C.) 10 days. Minerva, Litchfield, do. 7. Sloop Friendship, Beaks, St. Croix, 24. Richmond, Block, Virginia, 9. Militia, Spicer, (N. C.) 10.
SUBSCRIBERS in the City and State of New-York—and to the Eastward as far as Boston, will please to pay their arrearages to Mr. P. Wetmore, at the Post-Office, New-York—who will also receive subscriptions for the Gazette.
On MONDAY the first inst. was published, By CAREY, STEWART, and Co.
The American Museum, FOR OCTOBER, 1790. CONTAINING as usual, a variety of original and interesting ESSAYS, in prose and verse.
Improvements and Additions to Mr. BOWEN’S Exhibition of Wax-Work, Viz.
His Excellency Benjamin Franklin, Esq.—A Philadelphian Beauty.—Peace, (an elegant figure) with her Olive Branch.—Plenty, with wreaths of Flowers, basket of Fruit, &c. TICKETS, at one quarter dollar, may be had at Mr. JAMES BRAYSON’S, No. 4, Third, below Market Street; where the exhibition is open from 10 o’clock in the Morning, until 9 every Evening. N. B. MINIATURE and PORTRAIT PAINTING done at the same place, on reasonable terms. Philadelphia, Oct. 30, 1790.
TREASURY DEPARTMENT, October 14, 1790.
NOTICE is hereby given, That Proofs will be received at the Office of the Secretary of the Treasury, to the 30th day of November next, inclusive, for the supply of all Rations which may be required for the use of the United States, from the first day of January to the thirty-first day of December 1791, both days inclusive, at Springfield, in the State of Massachusetts, and the Post of West-Point, in the State of New-York.
The Rations to be supplied, are to consist of the following Articles, viz. One pound of Bread or Flour, One pound of Beef, or 3/4 of a pound of Pork, Half a gill of Rum, Brandy, or Whisky, One quart of Salt, Two quarts of Vinegar, Two pounds of Soap, One pound of Candles, } pr. 100 rations.
Separate Proposals may be made for each place, specifying the lowest price pr. ration.—No credit is required.

DISCOURSES ON DAVILA.
No. XXIII.
Unumquem regem, sua multitudo consalutaverat.
EACH party expected its own regent. The ancient usage, and laws often confirmed by the States, called of right to the function, the King of Navarre. But what a reverse! What an appearance! To confide the person of the young King, and the government of the kingdom to a Prince suspected of a conspiracy against the state, detained as a prisoner, and the accomplice of a brother condemned to death!
The Guises had governed with supreme authority under the late King, and attempted the most violent measures. By committing to them the same power, it was easy to follow the same plan and execute the same designs. But they were not of the royal blood: how, commit to them the tutorage of a young King, contrary to all the laws of the monarchy? What envy, what jealousy, what oppositions would they not have to contend with, from the nobility and the grandees, who would be discontented with their power, and aspire to despoil them of it?
The States had sometimes confided the regency to the mothers of Kings, during their minority, and in the present competition of so many interests and contending factions, it was not prudent to place in other hands, the life of the King, and the conservation of the state.—But a woman, a stranger, without partisans, and without support, could she maintain her ground against two such powerful factions, ready to support their pretensions by the force of arms? The Guises, foreseeing what might easily happen, leagued themselves with the Cardinal de Tournon, the Duke de Nemours, the Marshals de Brissac and Saint Andre, Sippiere, governor of Orleans, and many other great Lords, with whose influence they reinforced their party, to defend their lives and preserve their power. The King of Navarre, conceiving happier hopes for the future, united, more strictly than ever, with the Chatillons, the Admiral and Cardinal, the Prince de Porciens, Jarnac, and many others of their partisans. He secretly armed his friends, and dispatched courier after courier to the Constable. The two parties, having thus placed themselves in a posture of defence, the whole court, and the troops divided themselves among them, and even the deputies of the States took their party, each one following his passions, his interest, or his principles.
Never did the necessity of a third mediating power, or an umpire, appear more plainly than in this case. Had there been a constitution in France, and had that constitution provided, as it ought to have done, a third party, whose interest and duty it should have been to do justice to the other two, and every individual of each, there would have been little danger to the peace, liberty or happiness of the people: for such an intermediate authority, by doing justice to all sides, would have been joined and supported by the honest and virtuous of all sides, and by this means would have controuled both parties by the laws. But in this instance it seemed impossible to form a third party. Agitation and terror reigned every where. It was dreaded every moment that the friends of the King of Navarre, and those of the Guises would come to blows. All their measures and devices tended mutually to destroy each other. Nature itself, however, without much aid from any constitution, produced an effect. Although this unbridled ardor of ruling, inflamed as it was by private animosities, hindered not the two parties from rendering publicly their obedience to the King, this submission had no other principle than a jealousy and mutual apprehension, that the one party would snatch from the other the first place in the government. This motive only, and not any respect for a constitution, had made both parties eager to appear to be the first to do homage to Charles the IXth: and on the day of the death of his brother, he was unanimously recognized as lawful sovereign. This step tended insensibly to re-establish order and authority. The Queen-mother saw that it would not be safe to trust the life of her young children, nor the administration of the state, to either of the parties, one of which was extremely irritated and embittered, and the other full of assurance and haughty pretensions, both well supported and ready to proceed to the last extremities. She desired to continue mistress of her children, and of the government of the state: She proposed, to this end, to remain as a mediatrix; and thought that the two parties, unable to agree among themselves, and neither being able to triumph over the other, they would both unite in her favor, and abandon to her, by concert, an authority which the opposition of their competitors would hinder them from obtaining for themselves. We see in this instance that the tripple balance, is so established by providence in the constitution of nature, that order, without it, can never be brought out of anarchy and confusion. The laws therefore should establish this equilibrium, as the dictate of nature and the ordinance of providence.
(To be continued.)
Extract from the Charge of the Hon. Chief Justice PICKERING, to the Grand Jury, at the opening of the Supreme Judicial Court, at Dover, Sept. 14.
THE reason given by SOLOM for not providing a law against parricides, might be assigned for not compelling a free and enlightened people to keep schools, namely, that he thought it impossible any could be guilty of so unnatural a barbarity. One would conceive it equally unnecessary to make a law requiring a parent to love his children; for the same affection, duly regulated, would prompt him to provide for their instruction; this is a duty every parent owes to his offspring—every citizen to his country—and every man to his God. If a child should be brought up without a common education, it is more than probable he must drudge through life, become a servant to all—the dupe and sport of the crafty and designing. Though knowledge alone, may better the head more than the heart, yet, without it, the heart cannot be good. An early and good education is the most probable mean to preserve a child from the devious paths of vice, and lead him in those of rectitude—“Train up a child in the way he should go, and when he is old he will not depart from it.”
Having glanced at the natural and moral consequences of this cruel neglect, let us for a moment advert to the political. If knowledge and learning, generally diffused through a community, be essential to the preservation of a free government, then the want of these, must inevitably prove its destruction. Where ignorance prevails, tyranny triumphs; for the truth of which we have the concurrent testimony of ancient and modern history, confirmed by our own observation. Can we then neglect the education of the rising generation, the hope of our land, when their and our all, so greatly depends upon it? Let us rouse from our supineness, and emulate each other in promoting the means, and cherishing the interest of literature! Did America ever need men of learning and knowledge more than at the present juncture! Or will the period shortly arrive, when she will no longer want such characters to fill the various departments in the national or state government?
MORAL SENTIMENTS.
VIRTUE is not the sole qualification, but a primary qualification for a good ruler. It is necessary in regard to the present administration of government: and it is no less necessary in regard to the virtue and happiness of the rising generation. If we aid and encourage the promotion of a virtuous citizen, whatever talents he may possess, we are guilty of a kind of treason against the State, by committing it into hands, in which it cannot safely be trusted; and we hasten, corruption and ruin on those who are so favoured us, by putting a kind of sanction on vice and holding up honor as its motive. As long as a free people bestow honor with discretion, their government will be upheld in righteousness, they will be safe and happy under it, and their children will receive it pure from their hands. But if their elections should become corrupt, and their appointments should be made without regard to virtuous merit, they may see their freedom hovering to depart: she breathes only in a pure atmosphere: a contaminated air soon expels her. A corrupt and degenerate people are unworthy of her smiles; and they will not long enjoy them.
IF I were to advise a young man how he might rise to honor, one of my first lessons would be, CULTIVATE A MODEST OPINION OF YOURSELF. There is not a more despicable character than an arrogant conceited youth. If you assume airs of self-importance, you may be assured of universal contempt. If in all companies you engross the conversation, obtrude your own opinion on those who are wiser than you, and treat their's with neglect; if you make yourself the subject of your discourse, and repeat, with self-applause, what you have said on such an occasion, how solidly you once confuted such a man, and how wittily you answered another, you may be pleased with the display of your talents; but you will pass with others only for an impertinent coxcomb. I have heard it remarked of Doctor Franklin, that in conversation he seldom appeared confident of his own opinion, or directly contradicted the opinion of any in the company. He suggested his sentiments by way of enquiry; and while he was capable of instructing, seemed to suppose all better informed than himself. He communicated his thoughts without apparent design. He seemed to aim at his own information.
(American Mercury.)
LONDON.
The late Dr. JAMES MALONE's Recipe for a cold, which he most strenuously recommended.
TAKE a large tea-cup full of linseed, two penny worth of stick liquorice, and a quarter of a pound of sun raisins. Put these into two quarts of soft water, and let it simmer over a slow fire till it is reduced to one; then add to it a quarter of a pound of brown sugar-candy powder, a table spoonful of old rum, and a table spoon full of the best white wine vinegar or lemon juice.
Note. The rum and vinegar are best to be added only to the quantity you are going immediately to take; for, if it is put into the whole, it is apt in a little time to grow flat.
Drink half a pint at going to bed, and take a little when the cough is troublesome.
This recipe generally cures the worst of colds in two or three days, and if taken in time may be said to be almost an infallible remedy. It is a most sovereign and balsamic cordial for the lungs, without the opening qualities which endanger fresh colds in going out. It has been known to cure colds that have been almost settled in consumptions in less than three weeks.
CHARLESTON, (S. C.) Oct. 18.
CAUTION TO MARINERS.
THE Commissioners of Pilotage for the port of Charleston, (S. C.) give notice, that a Wind Mill has lately been erected on the point of Cape-Roman, which, at a distance, has the appearance of a Light-House, and may have the effect to deceive strangers approaching the coast.—In falling in with the Wind Mill, you must not come into less than seven fathoms water,—bringing it to bear N. N. W. you are abreast of the point of Cape-Roman Shoal, and and Charleston Light-House then bears S. W. by W. distance 12 leagues.
PHILADELPHIA, Oct. 30.
Extract of a letter from James Stimson, Esq. Russian Consul, at Gibraltar, August 30, 1790.
“By this opportunity, I have thought well to forward a dispatch for the President of the United States, committed to my care, and which I request you to forward. I trust it conveys an assurance of peace towards you with the new Emperor of Morocco. Spain is the only nation with whom he has hitherto shown any disposition to quarrel. He has demanded Ceuta, which has been refused him, and he is making preparations for besieging the garrison; an undertaking I am satisfied he is by no means equal to. An Ambassador from Spain has been lying in Tangier Bay these 16 days, with a very great present for the Emperor, but will not land until he shall agree to give up all pretensions to Ceuta, which he has not yet done.
“The Portuguese squadron continues to be stationed here during the summer months, for the purpose of preventing the Algerines from passing to the Westward, which we have reason to believe they do effectually. I continue firmly of opinion that you have but very little chance of making peace with Algiers, during the present Dey's life. His death may, according to the course of nature be daily expected. Inclosed I send you a list of the 14 surviving Americans at Algiers, on the 9th last month, six I find died of the plague in '87 and '88. I have taken the liberty of writing The President some particulars on the subject.”
“Prisoners names: Ship Dolphin, Capt. O'Brian, Andrew Montgomery, Jacob Jenavier, William Patterson, Philip Sloat, Peleg Loring, John Robertson, James Hall: Schooner Mary, Capt. Stevens, Alexander Forsyth, James Carhart, George Smith, John Gregory, and James Hermett.”
TREASURY DEPARTMENT, Sept. 28, 1790.
NOTICE is hereby given, that proposals will be received at the Office of the Secretary of the Treasury, until the 31st day of December next inclusive, for the building of a LIGHT HOUSE, nearly of the dimensions proposed by the late Commissioners of Virginia and Maryland, upon the lot of land on Cape Henry, in the County of Princess Ann, and State of Virginia, lately ceded for that purpose to the United States. It is desired, that the proposals may leave the election, whether the building above the foundation shall be of brick or stone, and as the cost and charges of those materials vary, it is expected, that a corresponding difference will be made in the terms offered.
The foundation of the Light-House is to be of stone, and sunk to the depth of thirteen feet below the water table, over the top of which the pavement is to be laid. The diameter thereof is to be twenty seven feet six inches, with a vacancy of about nine feet in the centre.
The diameter of the base is to be twenty six feet, at which place the thickness of the walls is to be six feet. The height from the bottom of the water table to the top of the stone work is to be seventy two feet, where the diameter is to be sixteen feet six inches, and the thickness of the walls three feet. The form is to be an octagon, having three windows in the east, and four in the west. If it be built of brick, it is to be faced with the glassy kind, if of stone, it is to be faced with hewn or hammer-dressed stone.
On the top of the stone work is to be a floor of joists, bedded therein, planked over and covered with copper, extending about two feet eight inches beyond the wall, thereby forming an eve, which is to be finished with a cornice, the whole having a descent from the centre sufficient to throw off the water.
The lanthorn is to be supported by eight posts of wrought Iron of three inches square and twenty feet in length, ten feet of which are to be wrought into the stone wall on the inner part at each corner. The diameter of it is to be ten feet, leaving a platform on the outside thereof of about six feet in width. All the work above this is to be of iron and copper. The lanthorn is to be ten feet high, having a semicircular roof of five feet more, with iron rafters covered with copper. The whole space between the posts supporting the lanthorn, is to be occupied by the sashes, which are to be made of iron, each sash is to have twenty-eight panes of glass, twelve by fourteen inches. One of the sashes on the south west side is to be hung with hinges for a door to go out upon the platform, from the outer part of which to the roof of the lanthorn is to be a frame of iron covered with a net work of strong brass wire, to preserve the glass from injuries by hail and flights of birds in the night.
The rafters of the lanthorn are to be well fastened to an iron hoop, over which is a copper funnel, through which the smoke may pass into a large copper ventilator in the form of a man's head, capable of containing one hundred gallons. This head is to be so placed as to be turned by a large vane on the spire above it, that the hole for venting the smoke may always be to the leeward. Eight dormant ventilators of six inches diameter are to be fixed in the roof of the lanthorn.
A close stove is to be provided and fixed in the lanthorn, which is to be furnished with eight lamps, each capable of containing six quarts, hung in two tiers over each other transversely. There are to be six flights of stairs to ascend to the lanthorn, the entrance to which is to be by a door covered with copper. The building is to be furnished with two conductors, to secure it from the effects of lightning.
A frame house is to be built for the keeper, twenty feet square, two stories high, with a frame kitchen; the whole to be finished with lath and plaster.
A vault for the storage and safe keeping of the oil is to be built of stone at a convenient distance, twelve feet wide, and twenty in length. It is to be arched, and covered with earth or sand, over which a shed is to be built, and it is to be furnished with eight strong cedar cisterns with covers, each capable of containing two hundred gallons of oil. The entrance is to be secured by a strong door.
Good security for the faithful performance of the contract will be expected. Payments on account will be made at proper stages of the work, and the balance will be paid on its completion: or, if a suitable difference should be made in the terms, cash will be advanced for the purchase of materials and provisions.
TREASURY DEPARTMENT, Sept. 20, 1790.
IT is hereby made known, that the following arrangement has been adopted towards carrying into execution the Act, making provision for the debt of the United States, viz.
Loan-Office Certificates, and those issued by the Commissioners for the adjustment of accounts in the several States, will be receivable only at the Treasury and by the respective Commissioners of Loans within the States in which they were respectively issued. The Certificates issued by the Register of the Treasury, by the Pay Master General and Commissioner of Army Accounts, by the Commissioners for the adjustment of the Accounts of the Quarter Master's, Commissary's, Hospital, Clothing, and Marine Departments, Indents of Interest, and Bills of Old Emmission, will be receivable indiscriminately at the Treasury and by the Commissioners of all the States. The situation of the Checks has dictated this arrangement for the greater security of the public against impositions by forged or counterfeit paper, and which the said Acts have been adopted from the same consideration for the execution of the business are such, that it will give facility and dispatch, if applications from the Holders of Certificates of the Register of the Treasury and of the Paymaster General, and Commissioner of Army Accounts, and of the Commissioners of the five Departments above mentioned, are made in the first instance at the Treasury; and if applications from the Holders of Loan Office Certificates, and Certificates issued by the Commissioners for the adjustment of Accounts in the respective States, are made in like manner to the Commissioners of Loans within the States in which they were issued. Transfers can afterwards be made to any Office that the Proprietors of these Certificates may desire.