National gazette. (Philadelphia [Pa.]), 1792-07-25 00:00:00

National Gazette.
BY P. FRENEAU: Published WEDNESDAYS and SATURDAYS, at THREE DOLLARS per annum.
VOL. I.
WEDNESDAY, July 25, 1792.
NUMB. 77.
LONDON, May 12—22.
PARLIAMENTARY REFORM.
IN the year 1782, Mr. Pitt moved for a committee "to inquire into the present state of the representation in parliament, and to report to the house their observations thereon." In support of this motion, amongst other arguments, to prove the corrupted state of the representation, in describing the situation of the different boroughs in the kingdom, he said "the interests of the treasury are considered, as well as the interests of the great man, the lord, or the commoner, who has connexion with the borough; but the interests of the people, the rights of the electors, are the only things that are never attended to, or taken into the account." As a still stronger illustration of his argument he farther said, "there are cities and boroughs more within the jurisdiction of the Carnatic than the limits of the empire of Great-Britain; and it is a fact pretty well known, and generally understood, that the nabob of Arcot has no less than seven or eight members in this house." Towards the close of his speech he cited the opinion of lord Chatham—"That person," he said, "was not apt to indulge vague and chimerical speculations, inconsistent with practice and expediency. I personally know that it was the opinion of that person, that without recurring to first principles in this respect, and establishing a more solid and equal representation of the people, by which the proper constitutional connexion might be revived, this nation, with the best capacities for grandeur and happiness of any on the face of the earth, must be confounded with the mals of those whose liberties are lost in the general corruption of the people."
It was in this manner that Mr. Pitt spoke in the year 1782, when he was an advocate for a reform of parliament.
He was answered by Mr. T. Pitt, (now lord Camelford) who said, "I disapprove of the proposition, because it leads to a principle I never can admit of—a principle of equal representation. I disapprove of the mode, because I consider a committee of the sort proposed by my honorable friend, confining itself to no specific proposition, nay, to no line or principle whatever, as tending to no purpose but to hold out visionary hopes to visionary men, which it is utterly impossible to satisfy, and which, ending in disappointment to the expectation of the public, can produce no consequence, but to inflame the passions, and disseminate discontent over the kingdom. Now, Sir, as to the moment, allow me to say, that it appears to be ill-chosen on many accounts. There are at this time, wild and extravagant ideas in the public with regard to the representation, which I hope time and reflection will expose in their true light; but till that spirit shall have subsided, it is little likely that any sober, practical, judicious scheme of regulation in this particular can be attended with the consequences we might wish."—In the conclusion of his speech he adds—"Gentlemen may flatter themselves they can set bounds to these enquiries as they please, and be masters of the torrent they are going to let in upon us; that when they admit the principle of equal representation, which they feel to be impracticable in its full force, they can restrain its operation to the degree they shall think proper. They are mistaken; the principle must be carried through, or it must be abandoned."
Such are the common-place topics with which those interested in viewing the present corrupt system have at all times combated proposals for reform. Such were the arguments opposed to Mr. Pitt in 1782; such, in the year 1792, are the very arguments he himself uses since his opinions are changed, and he is become a determined opposer of a reform of parliament. To this purpose the following stanzas are pertinent, supposed to be spoken by Mr. Pitt:
THE gentlemen say, They remember the day, When I was an advocate warm; For equalization Of representation, And cry'd out aloud for REFORM.
But indeed 'twould be strange, If my mind did not change, As circumstance alters the case; These short-sighted-men, May remember 'twas when Another man was in my place.
Majorities did What the ministers bid, And he was the nation's undoing; I was thin as a flag, And my empty green bag Presented no picture but ruin.
No borough then rotten By me was forgotten, I brought them all into disgrace; But their timbers were found To be perfectly sound The moment I got into place.
I admit there are blots, And a few little spots, Which stain the white robe of the nation; But that is no cause For mending bad laws, And changing the representation.
At some other season It might be a reason, Though at present it is not the case; I am minister prime, And 'twill never be time, So long as I keep in my place.
That the French should be beaten in an engagement with superior numbers of disciplined troops is not to be wondered at. They must expect to be beaten in every action for months to come. With nothing to oppose to cool skill, and strict obedience, but tumultuous enthusiasm and irregular impetuosity, they can expect only to seize on triumph by a coup-de-main. A regular action must be fatal to them. But we have seen that men are best schooled by adversity. They will be disciplined by their enemies; and a whole nation, fighting for liberty, can afford the loss of men that they must suffer in training.
The defeat therefore would not have hurt the cause of freedom; but if it be true that a savage multitude wrested from the tribunal of justice their own officers, and murdered them with horrible cruelties, the cause is indeed wounded in its vitals. It is almost as disgraceful as the riots of Birmingham were to England; with this only difference in favour of the French ruffians, that their passions were inflamed by a sudden shock of misfortune, whereas the English banditti had no provocation; no cue to their atrocity but black and furious ignorance worked upon by priestcraft and bigotry.
We remain still, however, so uninformed on the subject, that we ought to suspend our judgments until we have more authentic particulars.
Ministers though sometimes compelled to acknowledge the existence of abuse, always oppose the application of a remedy. They are sensible that a reform of things would naturally lead to a change of men.
THE PUBLIC EDUCATION OF FRANCE.
IN the plan of public education, submitted to the National Assembly by M. Cordercet, and which is printed for the use of the members, there is the following memorable passage:
"The principles of morality taught in the schools, and in the institutions, shall be those which, founded on natural sentiment and reason, belong equally to all men. The constitution in recognizing the right which each individual has to chuse his religious worship, and in establishing an entire equality among all the inhabitants of France, does not permit that any mode of religious worship shall be a-
dopted, which excluding the children of one part of the citizens, would destroy the equality of advantages, or would give to particular dogmas an advantage contrary to the freedom of opinions. It is therefore rigorously necessary to separate from morality the principles of all particular religions, and not to admit into public instruction, the teaching of any mode of religious worship. Every one of these ought to be taught in the temples by its proper ministers. The parents, whatever may be their creed, whatever may be their opinion, as to the necessity of such or such religion, can then, without repugnance, send their children to the national establishments, and the state will not, as heretofore, usurp the rights of conscience, under the pretext of enlightening and directing them."
Extract of a letter from Paris, April 25.
"A robber and assassin was this day the first to experience the fatal effect of the new machine for the execution of criminals. He was securely bound to an upright pillar, which turning upon a hinge laid him in a horizontal position with his head in a kind of aperture like that of a pillory. The boards that confined his head were double to admit between them a blade of enormous weight, which rushing down upon an inclined plane divided the neck with certain and instantaneous effect, and no doubt without much sensation of pain to the sufferer. A basket placed before him received the head; the bleeding trunk was again erected, and both were immediately sent away. Though there is something awful in this punishment, the populace, who coolly discussed its merits, said "they should relish it better than hanging." The honor of the invention being due to M. Guillotin, physician, political writer, and a distinguished member of the first assembly, it is universally called the Guillotine. Could his modesty, however, have foreseen that he should go by this road to immortality, it is much to be doubted whether he would have availed himself of the versatility of his talents."
PHILADELPHIA.
Extracts from the Leyden Gazette, and other French Papers.
Warsaw, April 25. Poland seems on the eve of experiencing the sad effects of court intrigue. Not at all interesting herself in the great concerns of Europe, not intermeddling in any shape in the quarrels of the leading powers, intent upon her own happiness only, she is nevertheless upon the point of being exposed to a succession of unfavourable events, similar to those which menace France. The king himself has informed the Diet, that a severe struggle is to be apprehended, for the maintenance of the constitution. The Russians have not yet indeed actually entered Poland, but measures are taken for this purpose, and three divisions of their grand army are to enter at the same time. The Poles are vehemently disposed for resistance.
Brussels, May 6. On the third of the present month were marched into this city a number of French prisoners, together with a long train of carriages, bringing in the first fruits of conquest over the French, among which are, one howitzer, four pieces of artillery, called la Modeste , la Timide , l'Ecorcheuse , (the hide-flayer) and la Martiale , with covered waggons, travelling forges, &c. &c. In regard to the attack upon Mons, the Austrian accounts are as follows: that besides five four pound pieces of artillery, and a ten pounder howitz, with their carriages &c. there were taken from the French several forges, for the purpose of heating their balls red hot, to be discharged against Mons; a large quantity of hay and oats, and warlike stores of every kind: the prisoners were one lieutenant-colonel, two other of-
ficers, and eighty-nine men. The whole loss of the French was estimated at 400 men killed in the attack and pursuit.
Extract of a letter from Warsaw, April 25.
"Our political horizon becomes more and more dark, and the machinations of our enemies at the court of Petersburg have given us an uneasiness, by no means ill-founded. The information we have received from our minister at Vienna, and the Empress's declaration to that court, fully confirm our apprehensions. At a meeting of the Diet on the 21st inst. the king communicated the dispatches he had received from our minister at the court of Russia, which have changed our doubts into a disagreeable certainty. Our minister writes from thence, that Counts Potocki, Brewulski, and some other of our principal opponents and malcontents have fully succeeded in their attempts to engage the court of Petersburg to arm against our new constitution. The courts of Vienna and Berlin have endeavored to negotiate in our favor, though ineffectually; the reply of the Empress was, that she was determined rigidly to adhere to the guarantee she had formerly given to the old form of government established under the auspices of Poland. The season for warlike operations being now at hand, every thing proves that the French revolution will accelerate the hostilities of Russia."
Manheim, May 2. The greater part of the states of the empire are very much inclined to war. The ecclesiastical princes, who have nothing to lose, and give themselves little trouble about the general prosperity of the country, seem alone to desire it.
Berlin, April 28. Four days are now elapsed since the troops, destined against France, were assembled. The regiments to march are as follows: Waldeck, Buderberg, Duke of Brunswick's, Thadden, Schoenfeld, Karnitz, Kleist, Hohenlohe, Willinghoven, Wolframdorf, Hertzberg, Borch, Renouard, Legat, Ernst-Muffling, Forcade, Schoenk, and a regiment of light horse men.—Cavalry,—Ihou, Weymar, 5 squadrons of dragoons; Schmettau, Schirsky, Bayreuth, Normann, Lottum, each 10 squadrons:—Hussars, Eben, Wolfrath, Kochler. The artillery consists of thirteen batteries of great guns, three batteries of field artillery, besides what belongs to each regiment. It may be depended on that the King will head the army in person, and the Prince Royal will accompany him.
St. Petersburg, April 20. Armies are rasing and fleets equipping, which will act, it is said, according to circumstances, either against Poland or France, or both. In case of invading the latter, a Swedish fleet is to join the Russian, in order to convince the French patriots, that the alliance, or concert of powers is not a phantom. The French have been doing all in their power to engage Denmark to side with them, but their efforts were fruitless. It is now well known that the court of Copenhagen is too prudent to intermeddle in the concerns of other nations and neglect their own. Discontented refugees from Poland are daily coming in here. They do not appear much in public, and with good reason, for notwithstanding we Russians are called slaves, we view with ineffable contempt these traitors to their country, who come to ask our assistance against the liberties of their nation.
Our court has at length had intelligence of captain Billings, who is employed in continuing to make discoveries for Russia in the South Seas. This navigator during the year 1790, surveyed those clusters of islands denominated the Kourilis and Aloutes , where he has discovered many new species of plants, proper for the sustenance of man and beast: happy discoveries! and a thousand times more useful to man than those political systems which disturb, and will for a long time disturb the peace of this little restless quarter of the globe, called Europe.

The river Neva broke up on the 12th instant, having been fast frozen ever since the 6th of December. Indeed, all our ports are now open; and 'twere to be wished, for the happiness of Russia, that only commercial movements would take place the ensuing season: peace is much wanting to repair the mischiefs constantly attendant upon war.
Geneva, May 1. "We learn from Turin, that the court has ordered four of the newly raised regiments to march into Savoy, amongst which is that of the guards. The militia are to be assembled on the fourth; so that the Duchy will have 10,000 men to defend it in case of an attack from France. All this military parade, however, does not alarm the inhabitants; and an uneasiness exists in the towns, particularly, which may become fatal to the authority of the king of Sardinia. As to Switzerland, the canton of Zurich is for the most absolute neutrality. At Milan it is reported that the king of Naples is advancing with ten thousand men towards Nice. Whoever reads Mr. Salis' travels through Naples and Sicily, will be convinced that the king in endeavouring to help extinguish the flame in France, will set fire to his own nest.
Paris, May 21. The Austrian manifesto published by the Governors-General of the Low Countries, excites more and more indignation, as the despotic principles of it are more and more investigated. It is probable that if Leopold had been living it would have been better adapted to actual circumstances. In quality of despot he might have said a great deal against liberty, and the mischiefs that attend it; he might have greatly exaggerated the momentary disorders which it brings with it in a country that passes suddenly from one extreme of government to the contrary extreme. He might have stigmatized the French nation, the immense majority of that nation, legally represented, as a band of factious wretches, or even a club of Jacobins. He might have dwelt upon the excellencies and blessings of nobility and aristocracy till he was tired, as the manifestos do; but he would not have been so much off his guard as to have mentioned the obligations , which, in various respects, the French nation lies under to the classes of citizens. He would not have dared to recal to the minds of Frenchmen that their obligations to the nobility consisted only in the melancholy recollection that they had been oppressed by them for many centuries, without rights civil or political, groaning under the weight of feudal and sacerdotal slavery, without remedy or compassion. Leopold would have been cautious how he mentioned monks, priests, and their confiscated property. He would have been afraid to recal to the memory of the Belgians the conduct of Maria Theresa in this respect, and especially that of Joseph the II d , who banished the priests and monks from their churches, and expelled them from their convents, and possessed himself of their property, afterwards conferring pensions upon them much less considerable than those allowed to the French priests by the National Assembly. This seizure of the church-property by Joseph, was under pretence of establishing a religious fund, that is to say, putting it into his own purse—We must, however, do the manifesto justice in one particular. It is a proof, of itself, that the age of philosophy is rapidly advancing, when tyrants find themselves under the necessity of addressing their arguments to the reason of mankind. In this instance they either reason, or pretend to reason. Only listen to one of the arguments which they make use of to fortify the Brabantines against the delusions of French liberty. The French act (say they) "under the deceitful colour of an equality of chimerical rights, not existing in fact, and annihilated if it could for a moment exist, by that variety of character, imposed on all mankind at their birth, by which they share in very unequal proportions, moral faculties, the disproportion of which has always determined, and will ever determine the ascendancy of genius, strength, patience," &c. &c.—We grant that there is a natural and necessary inequality in mankind, which, in a state of nature can produce nothing but injustice and violence, the conquering of which malignant propensities is the business of every civilized society. But the philosopher who composed the manifesto, infers from the nature of man in a savage state, that this natural, this precious inequality, must be supported and maintained in society: The prerogatives of tyrants are admirably adapted to this purpose, as well as
the emoluments and exclusive honors affected by inferior orders; not to mention other good effects which are produced by the preponderance of the "better sort" in the various ranks of society. Such is the reasoning addressed to the people of the Brabantine provinces!—It may be proper to add that the mercenaries from Hungary have orders to kill the citizens and peasantry of the Brabantine provinces, witness a second manifesto published by general Bender, from which it appears that the sword and bayonet are clothed with judiciary power in the Low Countries during the whole campaign, and that hostile measures are to be adopted against all ill-designing persons, whether in cities, towns, or villages.
Proclamation and Information from the Commanding Powers of his Apostolical Majesty's army in Austrian Low Countries.
HAVING been compelled to assemble an army against an enemy which has presumed to declare war, in a manner the most unjustifiable, against his Apostolical Majesty Francis the II d , King of Hungary, and it being apparent that in consequence thereof many fortresses and posts are divested of their garrisons, it is expected that in this situation of affairs, all citizens and inhabitants of the Austrian provinces in the Low Countries, will support a perfect harmony amongst themselves, as well as public order and tranquility, not only out of regard to their own private interests and the public welfare, but to enable the army the better to unite all its strength against the common enemy, and to repel them whenever they dare to approach.
If nevertheless, contrary to our expectations, there should be found any persons, who, forgetting the duty that they owe to their sovereign and their country, and who should be so badly advised as to make any attempts against the sovereign and lawful authority, which protects and defend them by its army, or who shall dare to molest those subjects, who continue faithful to their sovereign, either in their duties or employments, or who shall be found stirring up the people to disturb the public good order; if any should be found thus transgressing, the public are hereby informed, that the military is not only authorized, but is strictly enjoined, not to hesitate a moment in repelling force by force, and to make use both of fire-arms and side-arms against all military assemblages of the people, if they do not immediately disperse at the first word of command.
In case any should be taken, acting against their sovereign, as above specified, the military are strictly commanded to put into execution the laws of war against enemies, without allowing the persons, thus taken, to challenge a hearing before the ordinary civil judge; and to announce in public, that the military power has orders to treat persons thus seized upon as enemies of the king and state, and that in cases of urgency, that mode of execution shall be inflicted upon them, known by the title of Stand-recht .
If excesses of the kind above mentioned should be committed in places where there is no garrison or troops, the ill-designing are not to flatter themselves that the warlike preparations of an enemy, who cannot intimidate us, will prevent our detaching a sufficient number of corps against such cities, towns and villages, in order to punish them, and to adopt every means in our power which the laws of war will permit us to adopt against such hostile cities, towns, and villages.
To the end, however, that peaceable and well meaning people may not subject themselves to punishment along with the mutinous and rebellious, the present manifesto is ordered to be published in the two languages of the country, so that no person may pretend ignorance, and that faithful citizens may be warned carefully to avoid all riotous assemblies, and to consult their own safety in case the army should be under the necessity of acting against the refractory; unless they should prefer to aid the cause of their sovereign, in seizing and delivering up to the military, the enemies and disturbers of the public peace, in which case, and in which duty, the army shall countenance and protect all honest and peaceable citizens.
Signed BARON DE BENDER, Marechal. Brussels, April 30, 1792.
Rome, April 20. "The departure of the Pope for the Marches of Pontini took
place on the 26th inst. It is his custom once a year to visit those works, which have now been a long time carrying on, in order to restore to fertility and cultivation an immense extent of marshy and unhealthy territory. His Holiness had taken care previously to order there the soldiers of the Corsican battalion, who are to remain at Terracina, as long as he thinks proper to continue at the Marches; this precaution evidently shews, that his Holiness is not without fears of some popular commotion.
The new Archbishop of Thebes, the Abbé Maury, is busy in making preparations, on his mission to Frankfort, to assist at the election of the Emperor. He has already expended the 60 thousand Italian crowns (which were allowed him to support his mission) in purchasing a magnificent equipage. It is to be attended by forty liveries; and in the number of those that wear them are reckoned twenty noblemen, and as many villains [or slaves.]
Basel, (Switzerland) May 3. The aristocrats of this country are constantly giving the reins to their imagination in order to render odious the patriotic spirit in France. The words propagande and Jacobins have, through their influence, a sort of talismanic effect, and entirely fascinate the eyes as well as the understanding. They contrive a creed of the French political faith by their own fire-sides, and then, set about abusing it as if it was the real constitution. But what do they hope to gain by all this? Supposing they had utterly detached us from the interests of France, what is then to prevent the Germanic body from matriculating us into their empire; and when once incorporated into that confederacy, who will protect us against the claims of the House of Austria. The ancient pretensions of that House are by no means forgotten, and without doubt they will endeavor to turn the present circumstances to our disadvantage.
May 4. The French declaration of war against Hungary has effected a great change in this place. The disposition of the people at large is favourable to France, which has so alarmed the aristocrats, that they are every where emigrating from the canton.—The fierce and imposing air with which France has declared war against the king of Hungary and Bohemia, has produced an astonishing effect in Switzerland. The party-aristocratic of Berne, who also gave the tone to Fribourg and Soleurre have found all their counter-revolution plans wholly deranged. The Canton of Basil has declared itself neutral, and has sent in a demand for the assembling a Diet extraordinary, to enforce a strict neutrality throughout the Helvetic body.
Manifesto of the Kings in Concert against France.
WE call God and all nations to witness that we have no other intention in the concert we have formed, but to repress in every kingdom that wicked and outrageous spirit of liberty, which under the false, but specious, pretext of ameliorating the condition of men, strikes at the root of all royal and legitimate government, and tends to annihilate the just influence and authority, which being derived immediately from God, is superior to all rights merely human. United for this useful purpose, we are sensible that every thinking and loyal heart will approve of the principle upon which we act, and that constituting ourselves the guardians and watchmen over the happiness of every people in Europe, we shall be supported in interfering in the internal proceedings of every kingdom, and in directing, ordering, and commanding whatever we may judge to be necessary for their particular good government, peace, and tranquility.
Animated by these salutary and wholesome principles, the kings in concert cannot see with indifference a measure taken up and supported by the minister of his Britannic majesty (and which has received the concurrence of one of the three estates of that kingdom) that proposes to extend the chimerical liberty, to which some of the white nations insolently aspire, even to the blacks of Africa. A measure so pregnant with danger to the ancient order of things, and which in its consequences would go to establish the romantic and diabolical notion of equality among men, their majesties, with the blessing of divine providence, must withstand and repress. They have therefore given instructions to their respective ministers at the court of his Britannic majesty, to represent to their beloved brother and cousin, their just alarms on the subject of the abolition of the slave trade—their confidence in his well-known love of order gives them the strongest assurances, that the happy understanding which now subsists between the court of Great-Britain, and the courts in concert, will not hereby be interrupted, and that they shall not be obliged to
employ the force which God has put into their hands, to prevent the overthrow of a trade, which they consider as indispensably essential to the maintenance of the dignity and power of the crowns, as well as of the prosperity and happiness of the people of Great-Britain and of Africa. It is for those great interests alone that they have taken this step; and if a categorical answer shall not be given, in twenty-four hours, they have directed their several ministers to quit the said court without taking leave. If they should be driven to this alternative (which God forbid) they have the utmost reliance in divine providence, in the justice of their cause, and in the good dispositions of the people of Great-Britain and of Africa, for whose interests alone they shall undertake the war!!!
[London Chronicle.]
FOR THE NATIONAL GAZETTE.
THE constitution of the United States begins, WE THE PEOPLE . The advocates of the system have plumed themselves on having made a notable discovery in government—that the sovereign power of free states rests with the people —and yet these very men appear jealous and condemn with the most insolent abuse every attempt made by the people to inquire into the measures of government. If it was even consistent with the principles of the general government to suppress the opinions of the citizens respecting public affairs, would it be safe? would the legislature act with greater circumspection, justice and wisdom, enveloped in the dead silence of a despotic government, than having its measures constantly canvassed by free citizens, who are to be affected by its measures; legislatures must either have designs inimical to the liberties of the people , or must be puny politicians indeed, who wish to make every act of government a mystery of state.
In civil society force is not to be used even against unjust laws, except as the ultima ratio populi . What then must we think of those men who wish to suppress every kind of candid investigation respecting public affairs, or who thro' the medium of a venal press give them a false coloring, only intended to deceive? there is no state of indifference with respect to public measures; they are either calculated to promote the private interests of the well-born few, or to secure the prosperity and happiness of the people. The choice between the two is certainly a matter of importance. But in what manner is the choice to be made if a candid investigation into public measures is to be suppressed? A government that sincerely desires to do good will encourage a free and public inquiry on every subject, in order to come at the truth. The melancholy silence which prevails in Turkey, Russia, and other despotic governments, neither proves the security of those empires, nor the happiness and contented situation of the people. It is true that you hear no complaint of the ministry, no disrespectful word uttered respecting the affairs of government, and yet the oppressed subjects are frequently roused from the most timid state of submission, to acts of the utmost outrage and violence. You may for a time retain men in the most abject state of oppression, and you may dignify it with the name of government, but it has rather the appearance of a secret mine which, however apparently quiet, yet is every moment in danger of explosion.
July, 18.
A FARMER.
For the NATIONAL GAZETTE.
DETACHED THOUGHTS ON ELECTIVE GOVERNMENT.
SUPPOSE the United States were, like Poland, surrounded on all sides by jealous, ambitious, powerful neighbours, what interest could any of these have in embroiling the country by their intrigues, to procure the election of any one particular person? they could not place a stranger in the President's chair: for though at present a foreigner may still be elected, that foreigner must be a resident citizen, of 14 years' standing; and after the lapse of a few years, none but "a natural-born citizen" will be eligible. Besides, how could they, in return for their millions spent in bribery and corruption, ever hope to derive equivalent advantages from a man, who is elected, not for life , as was the case in Poland, but for the short term of four years , and who is moreover liable at all times to be impeached and removed from office for the smallest instance of mal-administration?
Had Charles II. of England expected to be called to account for his conduct, would he ever have ventured to betray the interests of Britain, by selling Dunkirk to the French, for less than the value of the very stores and ammunition contained in its magazines at the time of its surrender? had George III. been liable to impeachment, would he have dared, in opposition to the wishes of a majority of his subjects, to involve Britain and America in all the horrors of a civil war?—No: neither of them would have been so fool-hardy. But the misfortune is, that kings, who are vested with sovereign power for 999 years if they happen to live so long, are a sort of political Atheists , who, not expecting an after-state of retribution, think themselves entitled to act as they please, especially as it is well

known, that "kings can do no wrong"—Whereas the man, who if entrusted with power only for a short time, and who knows that he is liable to do wrong, must firmly believe in a future state, where he will be rewarded with praise or impeachment, according to his deeds: and by such belief, he will regulate his conduct.
When the candid, honest American contemplates the enormous abuses, that have invariably attended hereditary power in every country of the world: when he reflects, that all the evils, attendant on the election of a chief magistrate, are obviated by our happy constitution, whilst all the benefits are secured to us; he cannot but acknowledge, that our form of government is infinitely superior to any that has ever yet been established in the known world. It must therefore be his ardent wish to guard it against all encroachments or innovations; and he ought to be cautious how he gives ear to the doctrines of any man who recommends alterations in it, except for the sole purpose of erecting, if possible, still stronger bulwarks to secure the liberties of the people, not only from actual danger, but even from the very appearance or possibility of it.
CHARLESTON, July 5.
Yesterday being the anniversary of the Independence of America, the same was observed with the usual demonstrations of joy. The day commenced with a discharge of cannon from the incorporated battalion of artillery, and a peal from the bells of St. Michael's church. About five A. M. the different uniform corps and militia paraded to the State House, from whence a detachment of the Charleston cadets marched to Mrs. Jameson's, where they were presented with an elegant stand of colours, finished by the young ladies of that seminary, upon which occasion, lieutenant Mitchell, delivered a short, but well adapted address. The Foresters, at the same time received a like favor from the young ladies at Mrs. Golcock's—From the parade they marched a short way from town, where they were reviewed by the hon. General Pinckney, Moultrie, Read, &c. The uniform corps surpassed the most sanguine expectations. About eleven, the Cincinnati marched to church, where an oration was delivered, suitable to the occasion, by Charles Lining, Esq. one of the members. A number of companies dined together, and the day concluded with that hilarity and regularity for which the citizens of Charleston have ever been remarked.
NEW-YORK, July 20.
Yesterday arrived in this city, his Excellency Mr. HAMMOND, the British Ambassador, from Philadelphia.
A letter from England says, "The assassination of the king of Sweden has struck an alarm into several European sovereigns, almost incredible; and the sportive spirit of the times seems disposed to jest a good deal with royal credulity. The Empress of all the Russias has shut herself up in the interior of her palace—the king of Prussia has been nearly mad in consequence of a Rossecrussian vision. The Stadtholder of Holland is opposed by his own son, and receives daily letters not to appear at such and such places, if he values his life; and even our own dear king, whom God long preserve with all his faults, has received a letter warning him not to go to the Tottenham-street concert, for there were Jacobins even in England."
"That France will maintain its constitution we have not a doubt. The nation must be annihilated before kings can extinguish the sacred flame. They cannot make them unlearn their knowledge. The French may be beaten for want of discipline; they may be made rash and intemperate by malignant suggestions; they may be driven to the last ditch by force or treachery, but the last man of twenty-four millions, who has tasted of the cup of liberty, will not return to his ancient potion."
Yesterday upwards of two hundred friends to liberty in this city, gave an elegant entertainment at the city tavern, to the hon. JOHN JAY, chief justice of the United States, at which several gentlemen, as well from the city as the country, who were particularly invited, were all present.
It was the feast of freedom and friendship—each eye sparkled with pleasure, in beholding the distinguished patriot, whom a free people had lately honored with their suffrages—while an honest indignation rose in every bosom, when the thought occurred, of the vile attempt to rob him of that honor to which those suffrages entitled him.
A band of music played at intervals during the entertainment, and the following toasts were drank under a discharge of cannon, accompanied by the shouts and huzzas of the people.
[Here follow 15 toasts.]
Mr. Jay then gave the following toast. May the people always respect themselves, and remember what they owe to posterity.
Mr. Jay then retired, saying, gentlemen, I wish to you all prosperity and happiness. He was escorted to his house by a committee.
Volunteer.
After Mr. Jay had retired the company drank.
JOHN JAY, GOVERNOR BY THE VOICE OF THE PEOPLE:—THREE CHEERS.
When the committee returned, the whole company broke up, and went in procession to Mr. Jay's house; and after giving him three cheers, they dispersed.
PHILADELPHIA.
JULY 25, 1792.
The latest advices received from France are by the way of Boston. These state that the armies of France had not come to any engagement since the repulse from Tournay and Mons; the failure of which had prevented M. de la Fayette's army from commencing its operations. His army (say these accounts) is under the best discipline, and they request those who have assassinated General Dillon, may be brought to punishment. Part of three regiments of cavalry have deserted. They put great confidence in the national guards, and each corps are burning with desire to distinguish themselves. They say that Ostend is to be garrisoned by Dutch troops, and Anvers by Prussian, and that the king of Prussia had declared himself against the French nation, and had sent into Austrian Flanders 42,000 men, and had set off for Colbert. Private persons had demanded permission to fit out privateers from Ostend, which was refused them by which it appears that the merchant ships would not be interrupted by either party; in consequence the premium of insurance in France and in England was the same as before the war.
"The canvassers of the votes for governor (says a letter from New-York) have kindled a flame which will not be soon extinguished. The people are forming committees in every county, and mean to petition the legislature for redress."
Advices from Cape Francois, and other parts of French Hispaniola, to the beginning of July, are as unfavorable as ever. A spirit of discord seems to have taken possession of all descriptions of people, which threatens, we may say has nearly ensured the total ruin of the colony. The people of Port-au-Prince, Cape Nicholas Mole, and Port Jeremie, have refused to accept the decree of the National Assembly, granting certain privileges to the mulattoes and free negroes. At Port-au-Prince, they fitted out five cruisers, to prevent supplies from being carried into any of the out-ports; they likewise sent a twenty gun ship, and four smaller vessels, armed, to the Mole, to bring down a general to command them. He accordingly embarked with 300 volunteers, 500 stand of arms, and every thing in proportion. On his way down he was taken by a 74 gun ship, and carried into St. Marc, with one of the sloops; the other three escaped. The day after, the governor of Hispaniola arrived from the Cape, with another 74 gun ship and a frigate, when the captive-general, Borel, was ordered into close confinement, and all his men. The governor then received on board 400 volunteers of St. Marc, and on the 22d instant, sailed for Port-au-Prince, with the two 74 gun ships, a frigate, and a 20 gun ship; at the same time 2000 mulattoes marched down upon the back of Port-au-Prince, with the French Commissioner, who had arrived from France, a white general, and a commander in chief of the mulattoes, in order to enforce the decree. On the 24th, in the afternoon, was heard a very heavy cannonading, for about two hours, supposed to be at Port-au-Prince, from which it was probable that a total destruction of the remains of that town had taken place.
"A considerable additional number of labourers (says a Virginia paper) will be wanted at the city of Washington, and the little falls of the Potowmack. It was expected the foundation of the capitol and President's palace would be entered on by the first day of next month, and prosecuted with great activity. The cut at the little falls is nearly dug out, and every effort will be made to get it walled; and the river improved to the great falls this season, so that by shifting the loads at the great and little falls, there will by next spring be no occasion for waggoning the produce down the Potowmack."
According to Boston papers, the Reverend Mr. Gardiner, has refused to accept the Rev. Mr. Thayer's charge to theological disputation, at least during the present season; alledging several important reasons for declining it. It is observable that Mr. G. continues obstinate in undervaluing the fathers of the church, particularly St. Jerom and St. Augustin. "We are not used, nor do we mean, (says he) to a abusive language, to call good evil, or evil good; we cannot, therefore, call an Oyster an Orange; but if a silly, or an impudent fellow will publish a notorious fallacy to the world, we will speak the truth and say, he is a liar, although mother church may admit him to be a Saint; and, therefore, when Jerome has the foolish impudence to say the
Lord sent two Angels to flagellate him for studying Cicero or Virgil, the voice of truth compels us to say, he lies."
On the 6th instant a man named William Johnston was executed near Winchester, in Frederick county, Virginia, for horse stealing. He confessed he had followed the practice upwards of twenty years. This man has left a number of children to lament the unhappy consequence of dishonest pursuits.—John Crane was executed at the same time for the murder of Abraham Van Horne.—Joshua Abbott, of Berwick, Massachusetts, was condemned to suffer death, at the late supreme court in that state, for the murder of Moses Gubtail.—Gubtail in consequence of being refused the loan of a flax brake, uttered a number of provoking expressions and threats of cuffing, &c. which so irritated Abbot as to induce him to pursue Gubtail with a piece of an ox-sled, three or four inches thick at the largest end. With this he struck Gubtail on the head and knocked him down; he however got up, and after uttering another volley of abuse, went home. Within half an hour he lost the use of his left arm, then of his left leg: after that of his right leg, and then became speechless, and expired in 36 hours after the stroke was given.—Abbot is between 60 and 70 years of age, and has a wife and six children.
The ship Ann, is arrived at Boston from Dunkirk, which place she left the 29th of May. Information has been received by this vessel, "that no material engagement had taken place since General Dillon's defeat; that several persons, accessory to his death, are held for trial, and it was expected would suffer, as it was generally believed the suspicion of his treachery is groundless.—That the inhuman massacre of this officer was much reprobated, and had greatly discouraged the other officers, who fear a similar fate as they cannot restrain the licentiousness of the soldiery. That affairs did not wear the most pleasant appearance; and that it was the prevailing opinion, at Dunkirk, that no further attempts would be made to enter the Emperor's dominions, but make it an object to prevent the invasion of France."
[From Albany.]
The directors of the western and northern inland lock-navigation are summoned to meet in this city on the 27th instant, for the purpose of commencing their operations immediately.
As respects the western, it is confidently expected some important part of the canals will be accomplished this season. The prevailing idea now is, that instead of 10 years, this great and important work will be accomplished in three or four years. It is supposed by spirited active operations, that the work will be better and cheaper done in four years than in ten; and it certainly will be greatly to the benefit of the proprietors.
The legislature having granted 3000l. to build a bridge over the Sprouts of the Mohawk river, whenever the sum of 1000l. should be subscribed and paid.—A subscription for this purpose is going forward with spirit in this city—we are told Gen. Schuyler has subscribed 200l. This bridge will be one of the longest in America, and will open a direct communication to a very extensive country, progressing fast into settlements, in the north-west part of this state.
Albany being fortunately situated at the head of the navigation of one of the finest rivers in America—once this bridge and the canals are completed, it must increase with an unexampled rapidity.
The Bank of Albany will commence its operations this week; there can be no doubt but it will tend to enliven and invigorate trade and manufactures, and above all to establish a habit of punctuality.
Several French islands in the West-Indies are said to be in a state of anarchy and confusion, in consequence of attempts to re-establish the old form of government. Reports say, that in Martinique a counter revolution is absolutely effected, and that several of the leading patriots in Guadalupe, had escaped with difficulty to other islands.
The Prince of Conde, according to the French gazettes, is to act in the combination against his country at the head of twenty thousand forces, consisting of emigrants from France, and German recruits. The rest of the exiled family seem equally inimical, and if the report of the second attempted escape of the King should prove true, we may say with Mr. Gray,
"Weave the warp and weave the woof The winding sheet of Bourbon's race— Give ample room and verge enough The characters of hell to trace."
The Boston Tontine is dissolved, and the fund appropriated to the Union Bank, a new institution incorporated by the legislature of Massachusetts at their late session.
Sometime since we briefly mentioned a Brig being boarded off the coast of North-Carolina, and afterwards brought into the Chesapeake, with only a woman on board. The crew, who had left the Brig off Ocracoke bar, and escaped to the shore have since been apprehended and committed to Newbern jail. It appears from their examination that the Brig failed from Savannah on
the 10th of June, bound to Bourdeaux. On the 18th at night they killed the captain and mate, and threw them overboard: on the 22d they discovered land, when the murderers took to the boat and rowed on shore; soon after which, they were apprehended, upon information of some of their companions who had been sworn to secrecy. The Brig was named Le Bailli de Suffrein, Capt. Clairet.
There are a few, who seem greatly alarmed at an idea that has been lately started of establishing constitutional societies in every part of the United States, for the purpose of watching over the rights of the people, and giving an early alarm in case of governmental encroachments thereupon. Yet such societies seem absolutely necessary in every country, where the people wish to preserve an uncorrupted legislation. It is a true saying, that what is every man's business soon becomes no man's business; and those who are not alarmed at small encroachments do not consider that the reign of tyranny in all the eastern world has been most cautiously gradual in its approaches. The people under every new established government, and first from a revolution, may be compared to a company of men standing on a bar or shoal, which has become dry by the ebbing of the sea. They, in general, pay no attention to the return of the flood, and when it has swelled so far as to cover only their feet, or ancles, they still remain as thoughtless as ever, and are sure in a few hours to be overwhelmed fathoms deep, unless there are some friendly monitors, who will give them notice of their danger before it be too late.—And this, in governments, is the part of those societies denominated friends of the people.
A writer in a New-York paper proposes the following alterations in the constitution of that state to prevent election-litigations in future. First, That the governor and lieutenant governor ought to be elected for only three years, and at the expiration of the said term of three years, the person holding either of the said offices then to be disqualified for holding the same offices for the next three succeeding years.
Secondly, That no governor or lieutenant governor shall have a seat or vote in the council of appointment. This will prevent any undue influence or creation of party.
Thirdly, The governor to commission such as the council of appointment may choose to offer.
Fourthly, That no sheriff shall be elected for more than one year, and then to be incapable of holding the office for four years succeeding.
Fifthly, The council of appointment to consist of one member from each county in the state, and they to choose their president, and president pro-tempore, at the meeting of the legislatures
METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS,
JULY, 1792.
   D. H. Bar. Ther. Wind. Weath.     Wednesday, 11. 6 30. 1 72 W. Fair   2 30. 2 88 N. do.   Thursday, 12. 6 30. 12 71 S. W. Fair.   2 30. 1 86 do. do.   Friday, 13. 6 30. 0 73 S. W. Cloudy.   2 30. 0 82 do. do.   Saturday, 14. 6 30. 0 73 N. Cloudy.   2 30. 1 86 do. Fair.   Sunday, 15. 6 30. 1 68 N. Fair.   2 30. 1 86 S. W. do.   Monday, 16. 6 30. 05 74 S. S. W. Rain.   2 29. 95 90 do. Fair.   Tuesday, 17. 6 29. 86 75 S. W. Rain.   2 29. 9 80 W. S. W. Cloudy.   Wednesday, 18. 6 30. 0 68 N. Fair.   2 30. 0 82 do. do.   Thursday, 19. 6 29. 95 67 N. E. Fair.   2 29. 9 85 N. N. E. do.   Friday, 20. 6 29. 75 71 S. W. Fair.   2 29. 8 86 W. do.   Saturday, 21. 6 29. 9 70 N. Cloudy.   2 29. 95 75 N. W. do.   Sunday, 22. 6 30. 07 66 Calm. Fair.   2 30. 05 80 S. W. cloudy.   Monday, 23. 6 30. 1 67 S. E. cloudy.   2 30. 1 70 N. E. do.   Tuesday, 24. 6 30. 0 63 N. E. Rain.   2 29. 95 66 do. Cloudy.  
George Town, June 2, 1792.
A NUMBER of LOTS, in every situation which may be desired in the city of Washington, will be offered for sale, by the Commissioners on Monday the 8th day of October next. One fourth part of the purchase money to be paid down, the residue in three equal annual payments, with yearly interest on the whole principal unpaid.
JOHN M. GANTT.
Clerk to the Commissioners.
July 25.
TO BE LET,
A DWELLING HOUSE, containing three rooms, with a kitchen, cellar, and garret, in North Sixth-street. To be let for five months, upon very reasonable terms, and when that time is expired may be had from the landlord.—Apply to Mr. Bascher at No. 96, North Eleventh-street.
July 25,

[Continuation and conclusion of forms, &c. referred to in the French Patent Law.]
NO. III.
THE manner and form to be observed in transferring a Brevet of Invention.
No. department of this day of the month of 179 Mr. N. or Messieurs N. N. has presented, or they have presented to our Secretary's office, to require the registering of a conveyance that they have, or that has been made to Mr. N. or Messieurs N. N. by an act of before Mr. N. notary of the whole, or of part of the brevet of invention, granted the for the term of 5 or 10 or 15 years for the reasons (here shall follow an explanation of the objects of the brevet) which registering we have granted to him, or them; and he has, or they have paid us the sum of for the duties, as fixed in the custom-house, annexed to the rules of upon the law of the 7th January 1791. And the said Mr. N. or Messieurs N. N. have signed with us.
Done at of year Signed, N N N.
N. IV.
Customs which are to be paid to the Director of Inventions
Table with 2 columns: Item, Livres. Rows include: Tax of a brevet for 5 years (300), Do. do. 10 do. (800), Do. do. 15 do. (1500), Do. for ordering a brevet (50), Certificate for perfecting, altering and adding (24), Right of prolonging a brevet (600), Registering do. do. (12), Transferring all or part of a brevet (18), Searching and communicating of a description (12), Customs to the Secretary's office of the department (12), Placing the verbal process of a description, or of perfecting, changing and adding of all the pieces relating the whole expense (12), For registering a conveyance of a brevet, or part of a brevet, for communicating of a catalogue of inventions, and the right of search (3).
The National Assembly decree the following change shall take place in the law of the 7th January 1791.
To the 10th article has been substituted this new alteration. The inventor shall be obliged, to obtain the said patents, to address himself to the directory of his department, who shall prosecute the object. The patent shall be sent to this directory, and be there registered, and there shall at the same time be given advice of it by the minister of the interior to the directories of the other departments.
The assembly have decreed the suppression of the following words—
Article 12th—"In giving good and sufficient bail, requiring the seizing the objects counterfeited."
Article 13th—"After which seizure shall have taken place."
GIVEN and ordered to all tribunals, governments, corporations, that these presents they shall transcribe on their registers, read, publish, post in their respective jurisdictions and departments, and execute them as the law of the realm.
In faith of which, we have signed, and had countersigned the said presents: to which we have had put the seal of the State. At Paris the 25th of May, in the year 1791, and 18th of our reign.
Signed LOUIS.
Lower, M.L.F. DU PORT.
And sealed with the seal of the State—Certified conformable to the original.
From a late DUBLIN PAPER. PERPETUAL MOTION.
(ON PHILOSOPHICAL PRINCIPLES.)
The following is an account of the Piece of Mechanism which has so much excited public curiosity; the substance of which was received from the inventor.
THE POWER
Is at present applied to the machinery of a clock. This clock, unconnected with the power, is calculated to go for two years without winding up, by the weight of a single pound, that gives motion to a pendulum of twenty pounds, which moves through the space of 518,400 inches in 24 hours, while the small maintaining weight (a single pound) descends only 1-10th of an inch. The internal work of the clock consists of three wheels. In order that the superiority of this movement may be obvious to every understanding, as well as to those conversant with the more difficult parts of mechanics, it is necessary to mention, that the common eight-day clock requires a weight of 14 pounds, when this only requires a weight of one; is wound up once in eight days, and moves a pendulum of three pounds and an half, where this moves one of twenty, and is wound up only once in two years.
In 24 hours, the maintaining weight of the common clock descends six inches—in this, it descends only 1-10th of an inch.
The least weight which we at present recollect to have heard of being used by the first artist in London, is 5 or 6 pounds, where this requires only 1, in consequence of the diminution of friction. So far it has been thought necessary to describe this clock, in comparison with the common one.
We now come to that part to which extraordinary merit is to be ascribed.—The faculty of winding itself up, without the intervention of human power. This faculty is derived from the weight of the atmosphere, and can never cease
(with the proviso after mentioned) while the machine lasts, and while a column of air either loses or gains one 150th part of its common weight, five times in the space of two years; the time which the clock goes without requiring assistance. Or in other words, as long as the change of the weight of the air, 5 times in the space of two years, shall be such as to cause the mercury either to ascend or fall 2-10th's of an inch in the Barometer, above or below its mean height.
The wearing out of wheels, or of any kind of machinery, by friction, can never be prevented. Accordingly, it has never been required in the discovery of a Perpetual Motion. It is therefore sufficient, on that subject, to say, that the present machine, upon a fair comparison of its friction with that of the common clock, would probably move for five centuries—a period sufficient for any purpose that can be required..
From late Paris papers.
Situation of the French Finances.
Economy, says an ancient author, is a great revenue; order is the basis of economy; calculation is the basis of order:—then let us calculate and compare what we owe with what we have. Each portion of our debt should be answered by a particular resource. It will be seen that this comparison will not prove so disadvantageous to us as it is affected to be believed, and as it is said to be.
The National debt is divisible in three parts. 1st. The debt in annuities, perpetual and for life.
Consisting in annual interest on irredeemable capitals, which are as follows:
Table with 2 columns: Item, Amount. Rows include: Perpetual rents (76,845,000), Annuities (102,255,000), Interest on debts of cities (6,000,000), Ecclesiastical pensions (66,000,000), Gratuities and pensions (25,291,000).
276,391,000 liv.
The receipt of public contributions is answerable for the payment of this sum, and the faith of the nation is pledged for its regular discharge. The engagement which guarantees this debt is as sacred as the constitution of which it is a part. No power has a right to destroy the obligation. 2d. The debt in assignats.
The emission of assignats on the 1st of March, amounted to 1,950,000,000. Deducting the amount of assignats burnt, up to that period, there remained in circulation 1,531,000,000.
The evidences of this debt are, in the name of the law, scattered among the poorer class, and accumulated in the coffers of the wealthy. Every man with one hundred pence of assignats in his possession, is a creditor of the nation; on the value of this paper, the public safety depends; and the public domains are pledged to redeem it. The value of the public domains, is—2,244,000; from which must be deducted the sum paid on their value, which was employed to redeem the amount of assignats burnt. The national domains, therefore, now may be estimated as a resource of—1,832,000,000. Almost the whole is therefore mortgaged for the redemption of assignats still in circulation. The remainder amounts to a sum of upwards of 200,000,000 unappropriated, and which may be set a part for the extraordinary expenditures of this year, (1792.)
3d. The debt named exigible [demandable] because it is redeemable either now or at fixed periods.
Table with 2 columns: Item, Amount. Rows include: Portion already liquidated (192,000,000), To be liquidated (917,000,000), At fixed periods (419,000,000).
Total, 1,528,000,000
The resources for the payment of this sum are certain: They consist of
Table with 2 columns: Item, Amount. Rows include: 1. 4,500,000 acres of national woods, estimated at 1,350,000,000, 2. Salt-works, estimated at 50,000,000, 3. The sum expected from the re-sale of national domains engaged 100,000,000, 4. Sundry credits 100,000,000.
Total sum responsible 1,600,000,000
Thus the debts exigible paid, a surplus of upwards of 80,000,000 would still remain.
In the number of these resources, the receipt of arrears of taxes is not included.
Nor the sequestration of the property of emigrants.
Nor what may soon be saved by the reduction of public expenditures.
AUTHENTIC.
SECOND CONGRESS
OF THE UNITED STATES.
At the first Session, begun and held at the city of Philadelphia, in the State of Pennsylvania, on Monday the twenty-fourth of October, one thousand seven hundred and ninety-one.
An ACT respecting the Government of the Territories of the United States North West and South of the River Ohio.
BE it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America, in Congress assembled, That the laws of the terri-
tory north-west of the river Ohio, that have been or hereafter may be enacted by the governor and judges thereof, shall be printed under the direction of the secretary of state, and two hundred copies thereof, together with ten sets of the laws of the United States, shall be delivered to the said governor and judges, to be distributed among the inhabitants for their information, and that a like number of the laws of the United States shall be delivered to the governor and judges of the territory south west of the river Ohio.
And be it further enacted, That the governor and judges of the territory north west of the river Ohio shall be, and hereby are authorized to repeal their laws by them made, whensoever the same may be found to be improper.
And be it further enacted, That the official duties of the secretaries of the said territories shall be under the control of such laws, as are or may be in force in the said territories.
And be it further enacted, That any one of the supreme or superior judges of the said territories, in the absence of the other judges, shall be and hereby is authorized to hold a court.
And be it further enacted, That the secretary of state, provide proper seals for the several and respective public offices in the said territories.
And be it further enacted, That the limitation act, passed by the governor and judges of the said territory, the twenty-eighth day of December, one thousand seven hundred and eighty eight, be and hereby is disapproved.
And be it further enacted, That the expenses incurred by John Cleves Symmes and George Turner, two of the judges of the said territory, in sending an express, and in purchasing a boat to go the circuit, in the year one thousand seven hundred and ninety, shall be liquidated by the officers of the treasury, and paid out of the treasury of the United States.
Approved by the PRESIDENT, May 8th, 1792.
An ACT for making Compensations to the commissioners of loans for extraordinary expenses.
BE it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the commissioners of loans in the several states shall be allowed, in the settlement of their accounts, such sums as shall appear to have been necessarily expended by them in the purchase of stationery for the use of their several offices, and also for the hire of clerks to assist in executing the duties of their respective offices, from the first day of October last, until the first day of March one thousand seven hundred and ninety-three.
Approved by the President, May 8th. 1792.
To be published by Subscription,
THE AMERICAN REMEMBRANCER, OR Proceedings of the Old Congress,
From their first Meeting in September 1774, to their final dissolution in March 1789,
COMPRISING at full length, every important resolution, order, address, declaration, &c. contained in the thirteen volumes of their journals—a concise summary of the less interesting parts,—an alphabetical list of appointments, promotions and resignations—a collective view of the public expenditures, &c. &c.—the whole intended to serve as a satisfactory substitute for the original journals, which are now out of print, and of which the entire substance, unincumbered with official formalities and repetitions, will here be given in about one fourth of their present bulk, accompanied with one complete general Index:—To which will be added, a copious and valuable collection of
ORIGINAL STATE PAPERS,
from the Records and Files of Congress,
CONTAINING (either verbatim, or in abstract, as the cases may severally require) such interesting pieces referred to in the journals, as may with propriety be permitted to be made public, viz. Letters from the different officers employed in the public service during the late war—intercepted letters of the enemy—communications from governors, state legislatures, conventions, and committees—dispatches from agents and commissioners—instructions—reports of committees of Congress; and various other authentic documents, tending to throw a light on the important events, to which America owes her present independence.
In the course of the work, will be introduced, in their proper places, such parts of the
SECRET JOURNALS,
as no longer require secrecy.
As soon as 500 copies are subscribed for, the work will be put to press, to be delivered to subscribers in numbers of 304 octavo pages each, at ONE DOLLAR, in blue boards. The Subscription money will not be required for the first Number, until the publication is begun; and on the delivery of each number, half a dollar will be expected in advance for the succeeding one. To non-subscribers, the price will be raised.
SUBSCRIPTIONS will be received by the principal booksellers throughout the Union, and by the Editor.
JOHN CAREY.
No. 26, Pear-Street, Philadelphia.
* * Three handsome Editions of the Laws of the United States for sale at this office (No. 209 Market street) in folio and octavo, either full or half bound—N.B. The Laws of the last Session, in octavo only, may be had separate, price three eighths of a dollar.
Society for establishing Useful Manufactures.
PROPOSALS to contract for the following purposes, will be received at New-York by Nicholas Low, at New-Ark by Elisha Boudinot, at New-Brunswick by John Bayard, and at Philadelphia, by Charles Pettit—viz :
1st. To cut a canal from the river Passaick, beginning at a point near a station, where stands a stake marked No. 1, and continuing thence to the brink of a precipice at or near a rock marked No. 3. This canal must be thirty feet wide, and must be sunk to a level with the surface of the water in the driest season.
2d. To erect flood-gates in the said canal near the brink of the precipice.
3d. To erect a dam on the river Passaick above the Great Falls, and below the place of the canal. The dam to be four feet above the level of the surface of the water at the driest season.
4th. To erect a dry wall across a gully adjacent to the abovementioned precipice, in a direction from the said station No. 3, to another station being a stake marked No. 6, on or near the summit of a hill, extending from thence to the other; and to make a wooden trough upon the said wall sixteen feet wide by seven feet deep.
5th. To extend a trough of the same dimensions, from the said station No. 6, to another station being a tree marked No. 7, with a dry wall on one side, the whole length thereof, of the thickness of six feet.
6th. To erect at the town of Paterson, near the Falls of the Passaick, a stone building, fifty five feet long by thirty-two feet wide, four stories high, exclusive of a cellar the whole length thereof.
7th. To erect another stone building at the said town of Paterson, seventy-eight feet long, by thirty-one feet wide, three stories high, exclusive of a cellar the whole length thereof.
8th. To erect another stone building at the said town of Paterson, thirty-eight feet long, by twenty-seven feet wide, two stories high, exclusive of a cellar the whole length thereof.
9th. To erect another stone building sixty-eight feet long by thirty six feet wide, two stories high, exclusive of a cellar the whole length thereof.
10th. To erect fifty houses of stone or wood, as may be afterwards determined, each twenty-four feet long by eighteen feet wide, in height from the lower floor to the plate twelve feet, with a cellar and a garret. Two houses to be under one roof, with a party wall. The proposals will specify severally the rates at which these buildings will be undertaken in stone and in wood.
Descriptive plans of the several objects above specified, No. 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 10, may be seen in the possession of Nicholas Low at New-York, Elisha Boudinot, at New-Ark, John Bayard, at New-Brunswick, Charles Pettit, at Philadelphia and William Hall at the said town of Paterson. The said William Hall will give such explanations as may be necessary.
A descriptive plan of the building above specified No. 6, may be seen in the possession of the four first abovementioned persons and of Thomas Marshall, at the town of Paterson who will give such explanations as may be necessary.
A descriptive plan of the building above specified No. 9, may be seen in the possession of the four first abovementioned persons, and of William Pearce at the town of Paterson, who will give such explanations as may be necessary.
All materials are to be found, brought to the spot, and erected by the contractors, to whom liberty will be granted under certain restrictions to use the stones or timber which may be on the lands of the society.
The proposals may comprehend either the whole or any one or more of the foregoing objects. The proposers may accompany their proposals by the suggestion of any other methods which shall occur to them for constructing a competent wall across the gully from station No. 3, to station No. 6, and for conveying the water from thence to station No. 7, and the terms upon which they may be disposed to contract according to those methods.
All the works for conveying the water must be warranted for seven years.
Proposals must be in writing, and under seal addressed to the society for establishing useful manufactures; and delivered to one of the said persons first mentioned, on or before the twenty sixth of July instant.
July 10. 4:
TO THE PUBLIC.
THE Subscriber has it in contemplation soon to decline his present business—and having on hand a considerable quantity of superfine second and elastic cloths, together with a variety of other articles in his way, proposes to sell them at the following reduced prices, VIZ,
Table with 2 columns: Item, Price. Rows include: Best Superfine navy blue (34/), Ditto. ditto. Scarlet (30/), Common colours superfine (32/), Elastic stripes (9/), London buff and white cassimers (15/6), Ditto. coloured (15/), Yorkshire do. (13/6), Striped toiletens (14/), Ratinets (3/), Striped Nankeens (3/4).
A variety of waistcoat shapes proportionably low Fancy buttons and trimmings do.
London best silk hose, from 22/6 to 24/.
The above goods have been mostly imported from one of the first mercantile houses in London, and are of an equal quality to any imported into America; they will be sold per piece or smaller quantity as may best suit the purchasers, by the public's most humble servant, JOHN SHEPHERD.
Any person disposed to purchase the whole of the above stock, may also have on reasonable terms his present dwelling house together with the store, a more eligible situation for business in the tailor's line is not to be found in this city. The advantage of this business being so well established by the proprietor will be very great, and from well known facts, needs no comment.
A lease of six years may be had of the house. May 14. 22w. tf.
PRINTED BY CHILDS AND SWAIN, AT THEIR OFFICE NO. 209, HIGH-STREET, NEAR FIFTH-STREET, PHILADELPHIA.