Gazette of the United-States. (New-York [N.Y.]), 1791-05-14 00:00:00

Gazette of the United States.
PUBLISHED WEDNESDAYS AND SATURDAYS BY JOHN FENNO, No. 69, HIGH-STREET, BETWEEN SECOND AND THIRD STREETS, PHILADELPHIA.
[No. 5, of Vol. III.]
SATURDAY, MAY 14, 1791.
[Whole No. 213.]
[Concluded from our last.]
MR. FENNO,
AS to the tendency of the bank to make immense profits for the stock-holders and offering such vast emolument to the adventurers in it—time will shew what these will be; the experience of banking as yet in America, has not exhibited such advantages—and certainly it is not likely the profits will encrease with the competition, which is growing in this country: Prudent men will therefore look before they leap; they have time enough for any of the immense preparations spoken of—since they have two years to turn themselves in before they complete their payment of subscriptions to the bank—and years are eternally offering something new—it is but about ten since the bank of North-America was founded by Congress—and had we at that time, Mr. Fenno, been favored with your Gazette, doubtless it would have applauded as highly the favorite of the day—who now become less fashionable, still retains the most undeniable right to the grateful affections of this country—and will continue I hope to deserve them, till perhaps by the lapse of a few more years she may again return like other fashions into vogue.
On the present occasion the bank of North-America has certainly acted the part of a most dutiful child to the union—perfectly silent and quiescent while the bill for a new bank was pendant before Congress, they now also are the reservoir where its treasures are to be accumulated and its subscriptions opened—exhibiting to the world the very singular spectacle of one bank aiding another in its establishment—tho for purposes calculated to avert the very sources of emolument from it; so great and disinterested is the attachment of the bank of North-America for that of the United States that it seems to forget what is due to itself in the care of the interests of the rising institution—ungrateful will this be when formed if it attempts to injure its fostering parent, or is unmindful of the magnanimous and disinterested conduct, to which perhaps its existence is to be so greatly ascribed—to the union of the two, some constitutional obstacles indeed oppose, and fortunately there are interests concerned in preventing it—but from this amicable beginning we are to suppose the new bank will treat her elder sister, with at least some returns for the hospitality and kindness shewn her, and be anxious in future to preserve the house where her existence had been nurtured and commenced.
NEWBURN, (N. C.) April 23.
THE President of the United States and Major William Jackson, his Secretary, escorted by the Pitt Light-Horse, under the command of Captain Simpson, crossed West's Ferry, and were met at the landing by a number of the most respectable inhabitants of this town, headed by Judge Sitgreaves, and the Craven Light-Horse, under the command of Capt. Williams, on Wednesday at one o'clock, P. M.
The Newbern volunteers, commanded by Capt. Edward Pasteur, received him at the entrance of the town. Alighting at his lodgings, he was saluted by a discharge of fifteen guns from Captain Tinker's company of Artillery, and fifteen volleys and a feu de joie from the Volunteers.
In the evening the town was elegantly illuminated.
The next day the President walked around the town, and at four o'clock sat down to a public dinner at the Palace, and continued at table until a number of toasts were drank, each of which were announced by a discharge of cannon.
A committee of St. John's Lodge, No. 2, headed by the Master, waited on the President and handed him the following address.
To GEORGE WASHINGTON, Esq. President of the United States.
SIR,
WE, the Master, Officers and Members of St. John's Lodge of Newbern, No. 2, beg leave to hail you welcome by the mystic numbers.
We approach you, not with the language of adulation, but sincere fraternal affection, your works having proved you to be "the true and faithful brother, the skilful and expert craftsman, the just and upright man."
But the powers of eloquence are too weak to express with sufficient energy the cordial warmth with which our bosoms glow towards you.
We therefore most fervently with, most ardently and most devoutly pray, that the Providence of the Most High may strengthen, establish and protect you, in your walk through this life, and when you are called from your terrestrial labors, by command of our divine Grand Master, and your operations sealed with the mark of his approbation, may your soul be everlastingly refreshed with the streams of living water which flow at the right hand of God.
And when the supreme Architect of all worlds shall collect his most precious jewels as ornaments of the celestial Jerusalem, may you everlastingly shine among those of the brightest lustre.
Signed by order of the Lodge,
ISAAC GUION, Master.
SAMUEL CHAPMAN, S. W.
WILLIAM JOHNSTON, J. W.
St. John's Lodge, No. 2, April 21st, 1791.
To which the President returned the following Answer.
To the Master, Officers and Members of St. John's Lodge of Newbern, No. 2.
GENTLEMEN,
I RECEIVE the cordial welcome which you are pleased to give me with sincere gratitude.
My best ambition having ever aimed at the unbiased approbation of my fellow-citizens, it is peculiarly pleasing to find my conduct so affectionately approved by a fraternity whose association is founded in justice and benevolence.
In reciprocating the kind wishes contained in your address, be assured that I offer a sincere prayer for your present and future happiness.
GEORGE WASHINGTON.
In the evening there was a ball at the Palace, which the President attended—and on Friday morning he left town for Wilmington under a discharge of cannon. The inhabitants of the town, and Light-Horse, escorted him a few miles on his journey.
FOR THE GAZETTE OF THE UNITED STATES.
TO ELLA.
AH! vainly Ella, do I hear Thy lute complain, in notes so clear, As would seduce an angel's ear; That bids me check the song of praise, And give to other themes, my lays. To fierce disease and grief a prey, In pain I pass the lingering day. No more I raise the sprightly strain, Or warble the melodious song, That fill'd the breast with envied pain, And could the joys of life prolong. Now, when the glowing orb of day, Hath sunk, beneath the western wave; With melancholy heart I stray To hear the stream his border lave. Or like some pilgrim prefs the yielding grass, And wet my sandals with the nightly dew, A sprig of laurel breaking as I pass. To thee I lay the honoring branch is due. My dangerous course along the vale I take, Beneath the hanging rock, that seems to shake With ev'ry blast, and threatens on my head Its crushing weight to roll; But my undaunted soul, Enjoys the scene, nor feels the chill of terror spread. Now, near a cavern dark, and wild, With folded arms I stand, Like melancholy's gloomy child; I heave the swelling sigh; Upon the passing gale; While from my ever-streaming eye; Adown my cheeks, so wan and pale, The tears incessant drop upon my hand. There I hear the moping owl, His dismal whoopings roll, Upon the heavy ear of night, In sounds that would thy soul affright. But Oh! my bursting heart! So tortur'd by the fang of grief, In other scenes would seek relief: On fancy's rapid wing I'd dart Where horror with his staring eye, And upright hair, Sits gazing on the fiery sky, When sulphurous lightnings fly, And swell the foul to wild despair. Where the vex'd wave with mad'ning roar, Rolls thundering on the craggy shore, And aims with ev'ry dreadful shock, To burst apart the flinty rock; When still like wretched man! in vain He strives his purpose to obtain; Mad to despair, he flies again And clamours to his parent main.
BIRTHA.
BENNINGTON, (Vermont) May 2.
IN our last we inserted a paragraph under the Pennsylvania head, which mentioned, that 5000lb. of hemp were raised the last season, by Col. Wood, on the memorable heights of Charlestown. A correspondent remarks, that the blood of the American heroes, shed on those heights, in the unparallelled action of Bunker's hill, &c. was in no wise spilt in vain. From those rich libations at the sacred shrine of freedom, Columbia's independence took its date, and the blessing is once more realized, by an extraordinary production of so stable a commodity for manufacture—that grand palladium of national greatness, on which the happiness of America essentially depends.
Thus tho' the honored heroes rest in peace, Their beneficial influence doth not cease, That blood which freely flow'd at freedom's call, Wasts federal stripes around this spacious ball; In distant realms, Columbia's flag unfurl'd, Displays their worth to an admiring world; While from the forehead of a brightening sky, They view their country's farms with Europe's vie.
With pleasure we inform our readers, that faithful posts are once more appointed, to ride regularly from Bennington to Windsor. Any communications may be made with safety, and the demand for services will be reasonable. Riders are likewise established from Bennington to Onion river, and the rout in a few weeks, will be extended to the northern extremity of the state; which establishment, if duly encouraged, will no doubt be extensively useful—more especially as a regular communication with the sister States is now permanently established.
'Tis by INTELLIGENCE Republic's live! And a free service, not a slavish give; Stop but the streams of knowledge, and you'll find, The laws oppos'd, the people factious—blind.
Return of EXPORTS from the District of Bermuda Hundred or City-Point, from the 1st of January to the 31st of March, 1791.
 BREAD, ship, 18 barrels.  Pilot, 4 barrels.  Butter, 9 firkins.  Corn Indian, 1917 bushels.  Flour superfine, 223 barrels.  Fine, 319 barrels.  Common, 426 barrels.  Fish Cod, 6 quintals.  Iron Pig, 88 tons.  Indigo, 8 barrels.  Lard Hog's, 7 1/2 barrels.  Oats, 446 bushels.  Pork, 94 barrels.  Pease, 36 1/2 barrels.  Rum, 8160 gallons.  Skins Deer, 600 pounds.  Tobacco, 5040 hogsheads.  —Manufactured, 1 barrel.  { Hoghead Staves, 69,975 hhds.  { Barrel do. 33,929.  { Pipe do. 1952.  { Handspikes, 11 dozen.  Wheat, 8238 1/2 bushels. 
Total value 203,886 dollars 73 cents.
Net value of every species of merchandise entered in the district within the same period,—£. 2426 4 Stl.—equal to 10,772 dollars 32 cents.
SALEM, (Massachusetts) APRIL 26.
The following extract of a letter from London, and also that published in our last*, were taken from a series of letters; in which the writer appears to be greatly interested in the happiness and prosperity of the people of this country, and solicitous that they may be guarded against precipitation in forming their COMMERCIAL SYSTEM. The sentiments are thought to be deserving of public attention.
LONDON, Jan. 3d, 1791.
DEAR SIR,
KNOWING you to be a friend to commercial regulations, upon the belief that they may prove favorable to your national interests, I ventured in my letter of the 21st ult. to quote to you the opinions of some reflecting people upon the tendency of all restrictive systems. You need not be told that here mercantile men and manufacturers generally entertain sentiments quite opposite to those I recited, and that a man who should be bold enough to assert seriously the advantages of freedom in trade and industry, would find no strength of reasoning nor purity of motives sufficient to shield him from calumny and suspicion: I hope it is not yet so bad in your country, and that candid discussions will establish right ideas—indeed it seems peculiarly essential to your general and permanent welfare, that just sentiments on such subjects should prevail among your people, because your government, more than any other, is directed in its movements by the present public opinion, let that opinion be well or ill-founded—and it cannot be a matter of future indifference what steps they shall now take on this ground. I wish they may take none but such as shall be clearly dictated by the soundest policy—and I call that policy sound which, proposing for its object the most extensive public good, has justice for its support and truth for its light. I suspect every measure that is defective in these as useless at best, and often pernicious.—Although I am a native of this island, yet you well know that my heart, with its best feelings, is wholly with you—your country has become mine, and already
* See No. 210 of this Gazette.

FOR THE GAZETTE OF THE UNITED STATES.
O D E S.
O D E III.
YET OTHER HINTS TO REVIEWERS.
UPON my word—do what I will, This troublousome, and restless quill, Will scarce permit my fingers to be still. My foul too, urges, to pursue The Hints that I have promised you, And all engagements to fulfill.
Come then thou Spirit, whose extended reign Shall draw Messiah to this Earth again, Heavenly Compassion hight! Tho' thy mild sceptre ne'er inclines Where the reviewing goose-quill shines, Yet, to my bosom kindly pres'd, Thou art an inmate of my breast, When Fancy's hand upon my soul imprints, This tho't—"Reviewers stand in need of Hints,"
Come heavenly Spirit, on airy wing, And, sternly moving, with thee bring Advice, whose grey, and falling hair, Wakes to fear the sons of care. Let him lift his squinting eye, Wide surveying earth and sky; Stretch his logic-bearing hand; Strain out his wisest hem and haw; With earnest chin o'er-bending stand, And forth his budget of ideas draw.
With such assistance, do ye think, Most nobe pluckers of the Gander's wing, My spirit from the task will shrink? My tongue neglect to sing? My dear, dear Sirs! pray rest assured No such misfortune e'er shall happen. Sublime I sit with thinking-cap on— Sage Cap! with much address procured.
—Whene'er You with in ridicule to thine, And with Your Wit to strike an author dead; Ne'er mind the clipping off of one poor line, Or more; they're never read. But take two periods from a different page, Place them together; and, exulting, cry— "To make this true Creation we defy."
Then, tho' the Author should run mad with rage, Or boldly write, spirited reply, Severely proving that You roundly lie; No matter—laugh—Your purpose is obtain'd: Or, you may answer—"Nothing good is gain'd By all this talking; and a point we make it To shun newspaper wars with studious care, Where We, who judge of Books, are ne'er uled fair; A good resolve, and we will never break it."
A fine Reply because contempt it shows, And lifts You greatly o'er the vulgar throng; Beside, it screens You from an Author's blows, And bears Your wit triumphantly along.
—Again, with melancholy voice, I cry, To you, terrific Sons of Science, ah! adieu! Once more to strike the Jew's-Harp I may try, Sweet, long-ear'd Judges! I may try for You.
J O H N. For the GAZETTE of the UNITED STATES.
TO ELLA.
ALIGHTED from the azure sky, A Seraph stood before my sight, And checked awhile the anxious sigh, And pointed to the Realms of Light.
Celestial Youth his Features fired, His Eye the Breast with Hope inspired, Virtue's own Hand his Temples crown'd, And Glory shed her Day around.
'Twas ELLA!—wrapt in awe I stood, And thrill'd with joy the Vision viewed. Soft as the gentle shower descends, His soothing accents flowed, And, winding thro' the maze of Song, In playful eddies poured along, Till Nature sighing—sinking bends, And Life a pause bestowed.
Cease, ELLA, cease thy 'witching Song, Nor lure me from the earthly throng; Too frail to shine in Virtue's Train, Too weak to wake the heavenly Strain, In vain with borrowed Art I soar, For fickle Fancy smiles no more.
The feeble Meteor's transient blaze Unnoted sinks in Night; But Nature lives in Sol's bright Rays, And Nations blest his Light.
H E N R Y.
The address of David Campbell, one of the judges of the Western Territory of the United States, South of the River Ohio, to the Magistrates of the said Territory.
GENTLEMEN, PREVIOUS to your qualifications, I beg leave to make some preliminary observations. In the first place, permit us to bid his excellency a hearty welcome to the exercise of his government in this country. His appointment as chief magistrate over a free and magnanimous people, inhabiting a fertile country, is singularly agreeable to us, who have had the pleasure of being acquainted with his great merit. To you who have not had the happiness of being personally acquainted with him, let it be a sufficient recommendation, that he was appointed to his high office over us, by George Washington, Esq. President of the United States of America, whose merits are above all praise, by and with the advice of the illustrious senate, who are his Counsel.
While I repeat those strong motives to induce the attachment of this country in general to the person, and interests of his excellency. I should do injustice to my own feelings not to acknowledge in this place, his friendly interposition and aid to individuals in this country in a very cri-
my personal happiness is interwoven with the web of the American public; hence it is that I claim indulgence for the solicitude I discover, lest in some respects you should act no wiser than we have acted here, or less wisely than you might.
"Since I left the United States on this visit it has given me pain to recollect the surprising facility with which you adopt all our fashions, most of our customs, and some of our worst opinions and prejudices—prejudices which in certain aspects are supposed to be useful here, but which in every view of them must be injurious among you. I wish you would suffer none of our vices or errors to be naturalized, but be satisfied that those which are properly your own will be more than enough. Undoubtedly you ought to profit by our experience—but this is to be done only by an indiscriminate imitation of us? Does nothing depend on circumstances? Nothing on local situation and relation to other States? On extent of territory and population? On the manners, habits, character and occupations of the people? Instead of nothing depending on these circumstances, does not the good or ill policy of public measures depend principally on them? And if so, is it not as important, and at the same time as difficult, for you to know what to avoid in our conduct, as what to imitate? I think you will admit that it is."
"The astonishing increase of wealth and power of the British nation, within the last 200 years, cannot be contemplated without suggesting an enquiry into the origin of this prosperity. To enumerate the causes which incidentally have contributed to the mass, would far exceed the bounds of my letter, even if I had the capacity to do it; but I take it to be certain that Englishmen are indebted principally if not solely to the comparative excellence of their government, as the primary and substantial cause of their superior opulence.—This has given them advantages over other nations that no other advantages on their side could counterbalance. In this country the people produce, consume and enjoy more than other Europeans—because here persons and property are always more safe; here the weak and the poor are defended by the laws against the rapacity and oppression, not of the rich and powerful only, but even of their rulers themselves.*"
"An unreserved and habitual confidence in the individuals that they shall be completely protected in the free exercise of their talents, and that the fruits of their honest labors will be perfectly secure to them," is all that seems necessary to give full scope to their utmost powers:—this is sufficient to enable them to act naturally—and in doing this they will act well for society; for it is evident that the Parent of our race, with infinite kindness as well as wisdom, has implanted in our nature a principle which, while it stimulates the individual to the most useful industry and the severest exertions for the particular good of himself, provides also by this very operation for the general good of the species—the good of the community or state. This provident, this guardian principle, uniform as instinct in the end it proposes, but varying its means according to the wants of others, does more toward the subsistence and comfort of every society than the wisdom of the wisest governments of earth can even comprehend, still less accomplish. Ought we not to be cautious then how we touch with rude hands this exquisite part of the original design? For my own part, I know of no better way to judge of the general merits of public regulations and laws than by their tendency to strengthen the natural ties of public and private good. Without a constant recourse to this in local arrangements, there will often be an incompatibility, where there ought to be a coincidence of interests—there will be a disappointment of the public and private hopes, in cases where the true objects of both might have been well attained.
"I make no apology for giving you these desultory reflections just as they arise in mind, because I presume not to instruct you, but only at provoking you to examine for yourself a little more minutely the theory of commerce and the progress of wealth. Such a study must furnish many valuable lessons—it will teach you that the accumulation of property in almost every nation has been in an exact ratio to the freedom and security of the citizens in acquiring and enjoying it—that as these advantages have been unequally distributed, so have their natural effects been produced with a proportionate inequality—it will teach you that in the best governed countries the legislators have seldom been willing to trust the sure and beneficent operations of nature in the most simple cases, but like officious midwives have preferred their own skill, and thus have frequently injured and sometimes destroyed both the parent and the offspring.—In your researches you will discover in the policy of our ancestors much to admire and not a little to condemn. You will join with those who celebrate our Navigation Act as an excellent support of naval power, and in this respect you can hardly give it sufficient praise—but you will perceive also, that its true merits are totally misunderstood by those who consider it in any other view as favorable to the landed or manufacturing interests, or look to it as a source of pecuniary gain to the nation:—On the contrary, you will be convinced that although it has extended our navigation, yet it has operated as a heavy tax upon trade and industry—which however has beencheerfully borne, because essential to the national defence. That most of our lawgivers, as well as some of our ablest writers, have not supposed it to be favorable to commerce or beneficial to the People in any other respects, may be inferred from the motives and circumstances which have occasioned the forming this extraordinary law. After the slight provisions made in the time of Richard II. you will find the first regulations of sea-carriage were in the time of Elizabeth, and that these were made expressly with a design to "increase and maintain the navy;" that about 90 years afterward, in the time of Cromwell, the more extensive outlines of the plan were drawn "partly from a jealousy of the Dutch, and partly to punish the Colonists in the Sugar Islands who sided with King Charles;" and tho' you will discover that the Restoration Parliament in filling up the outlines have attempted to combine other purposes with the original intention, yet you will see that the first object has been the only one attained, and that the expectation of aiding commerce by such preposterous means has been, as it always will be, disappointed; you will discern that the English, with all their success, have acquired less than they might have done—and that by grasping at shadows they have sometimes lost the substance; that by systems of exclusion and monopoly, they have raised prices artificially above their natural level to the prejudice of the consumers and loss of the trade to the nation; you will be convinced that "cheapness in a fair competition is the best security of any branch of trade," and that in some cases it is the "only one"; and you will find that the British Government by despising this maxim have in fact lost some valuable parts of trade which, if they had respected it, they might have retained.—A review of the effects of her system will prove to you that it has occasioned to Great-Britain the final loss of nearly all the carrying trade she once enjoyed within the Mediterranean and Archipelago, and on the Atlantic coasts of Europe; and that in reality she has now remaining very little carrying trade, except what is properly her own.
* With the exception of impressing seamen, and a few other cases. (To be concluded in our next.)
NEW-YORK, May 10.
Accounts from Boston, informs us, that a large double decked brig, was seen off St. George's Banks, with her sails all handed, and the crew dead on the quarter, supposed to have been killed by lightning. She had four feet water in her hold, and on her stern (part of which was missing) was wrote the Betsey of St. John's.
tical moment. Any man who can so disinterestedly serve, nay, I may say, save others, I will venture to say possesses a greatness of soul applicable to the last stage of human perfection. All who are friends to our present system of government, are under equal obligations to his excellency, who early patronized our cause, fostered it in its infancy, and conducted it by his friendly aid to a happy issue.
The enlarged prospects of happiness in such a country, so fortunately circumstanced, ought to fill our minds with gratitude. Now is the time to give such a tone to our territorial government, as will enable it to answer the ends of its institution. It is his excellency's earnest wish to consolidate into one, the different interests of discordant parties. Let me encourage you to urge such a pacific and friendly disposition among the people, as will induce them to love order, and in some instances to sacrifice their individual advantages to the interest of the community.
Let your hearts be inclined to cultivate a spirit of subordination and obedience to the laws. You may take this as a certainty, gentlemen, that the public can never have a firm existence unless all the different ranks of men co-operate to its preservation, not faintly, but with the utmost spirit and energy.
We are now under the immediate guardianship of Congress, who in all their transactions manifest a great degree of magnanimity and justice, let us then in our public and private characters, unite with them, and with his excellency our governor, in making this country great and flourishing.
As your court is approaching, you may be at some loss about the admitting attorneys. It is necessary, I suppose, they should all obtain new licences. The law and ordinance have directed the mode. I would remind you of the necessity of confining the attorneys to special pleadings. It will be your duty, gentlemen, to communicate to the people at large, the principles of our new mode of government, as far as they have, or shall come to your own knowledge. Any person who attempts to counteract so valuable an institution, will merit the punishment, that awaits him, and the severest censure from the people. Let me conclude with urging you to cultivate harmony, to love order, and do the law.
L O N D O N.
MONSIEUR Mirabeau has declared his intention of producing an answer to Mr. Burke's celebrated pamphlet. It will be, at least, a work of eloquence, and may prove what is proverbially denominated, lightning before death.
Madame de la Motte's return to Paris forebodes no good. She has been several times in the company of Mirabeau. Some say, she was sent for thither by M. Orleans, in order to depreciate the Queen of France's character on the famous necklace business, and to fix that transaction wholly on her Majesty. For this purpose, she has produced five letters written to her by that personage.
The real cause of her visit it is difficult to ascertain. She surely cannot have gone to Paris to have the Fleurs de Lis impressed on her shoulders, erased by a decree of the National Assembly.—But she has been offered 100,000 crowns as the price of her absence, and still refuses to depart!
The Cherokee chiefs having made us an offer of 20,000 men, gratitude obliges us to make them some acknowledgment, whether we accept the offer or not. We can very well spare them the members of the Halter Club—all our house-breakers, highwaymen, pick-pockets, and swindlers, Faro and Eo table keepers, and all their accomplices, to an amazing number. Such a collection would be a truly valuable present. Among them are found dispersedly all the qualities of able generals, skilful financiers, able negotiators, active citizens, and men highly expert at a Coup de Main.
Were Mr. Burke to appear in Paris, the French would probably honor him with a lantern, for the light he has thrown on their revolution.
Lord Kenyon's refusal to grant an information for a libel, to a plaintiff who complained that a defendant had published a hand-bill reflecting on his character, does that learned Lord the highest degree of credit; and his directing the injured party to apply to a grand jury by way of indictment, proves that he does not consider, as other judges have done, that informations are constitutional in all criminal processes. We want a few more such men as Lord Kenyon to sit upon our benches in Westminster-Hall—Men who respect a jury, and who consider them as the properest judges between man and man. Informations were intended for the benefit of the subject—that is, in cases where the prejudice of grand juries refused to find a bill.
An authentic miniature of Mary Queen of Scots, painted by Isaac Oliver, from the beautiful and unfortunate original, has been recently discovered. It is said to be in wonderful preservation, as well as an admirable piece of workmanship.
The Theatres at Naples and Milan are said to

be the two largest in the world; but that at Bo-logna is the most singular, except the scenery, there is not a bit of wood in the whole building, and the scenery indeed cannot properly be called a part of the building. Almost all the foreign Theatres are insulated. Surely they ought to be so, in such a metropolis as this; where fires are so frequent, and so fatal, the doors should open outward, and the avenues be wide and straight. In the road through the intricate passages of one of our modern Theatres, a country gentleman lately enquired, Where were the Finger Posts?
The politicians of Vienna and Peterburgh consider the capture of Constantinople as almost certain, if properly attempted; and dread the corruption of Prince Potemkin much more than the resistance of the Turks.
The degradation of the Grand Vizir, and the confiscation of his effects, has been for some time determined on in the Divan. The appointment of a successor alone delays the execution of this resolve.
It does not appear that a Grand Seigneur ever takes warning from the fate of so many of his predecessors, who have been either stabbed or strangled. Sunk in the voluptuousness of a Seraglio, how should he suspect that the administration of his dominions is detestable, that his remoter domains are disaffected, that his armies are ill disciplined, or his Vizir faithless? the fortune of the present Sovereign of Constantinople will, in all probability, terminate in some miserable catastrophe.
A military government, like that of the Turks, tends to despotism, and in every despotic government the military dispose, sooner or later, of the sovereign authority. The use which a despotic Prince makes of his military against his subjects, teaches that description of men what they can do against their Prince.
B O N M O T.
Lord BUTE, who does know something of a horse tho' very little of a picture, gave 200 guineas the other day for a sea piece, which was execrably done; for while the ships appeared to be in motion, the sea was as smooth as glass. The purchaser, desirous of taking Lord Scarsdale's judgment of his bargain, shewed it to him, and asking his opinion "why," says my Lord, "waving the sea the painting would not be unnatural."
B O S T O N, May 4.
It is astonishing what ideas some people have of the Father of Mercies—The Empress of Russia, has ordered all her subjects to offer up prayers to the Almighty for his goodness in granting her arms so complete a victory, as the one lately had at Imaï ! and permitting her troops to massacre 14,000 or 15,000 Turks ! ! !
The son of Mr. Seth Blake, of Dorchester, on Saturday week, fell into the river, at Milton, and was taken up for dead. A gentleman of the faculty was called in, and after using the means prescribed for resuscitating drowned persons, for three hours, he was again restored to his joyful parents.
From the circumstance of the highest prize in the semi-annual lottery being not yet claimed, it is supposed to belong to some person at a distance. One of the 3000 dollar prizes was drawn by a deserving citizen of Philadelphia—One of the 1000 dollar prizes was sold in Carolina, and a 2000 in Newport.
It is supposed that the adventurers of the town of Boston, lost 25,000 dollars in the late lottery; besides wear and tear of conscience.
On Monday arrived here, his Britannic Majesty's ship Alligator, of 28 guns, Isaac Coffin, Esquire, commander from Halifax. On passing the Castle, the Alligator saluted the flag of the United States with 13 guns, which were immediately returned from that fortress. This mutual attention in powers who were but lately hostile to each other, shews the superior liberality of the age we live in—and proclaims to the world the verification of that memorable instrument the Declaration of independence, in which our political Fathers declared that they "should hold the King and Subjects of Great-Britain, as they did the rest of the world, Enemies in war; in peace Friends. "
B A L T I M O R E, May 10.
The Bengal Journal, of the 4th of September last, furnishes the following article of intelligence:—
"The commotions which had risen to a very violent height at Mauritius, are said to have finally subsided through the wise and timely interposition of some of the peacefully-disposed of the popular party—the rage which was first excited against M. Conway and M. Macnamara, had nearly ended in blood-shed; temporizing measures pursued, had nearly revived the hostile party from a spirit which they were said to have felt at the despotic principles and machiavilian doctrines broached by some of the parties during the correspondence—the popular rage had nearly vented itself on M. Macnamara, whom
they had led in rather an humble manner to the House of Assembly—the voluntary and manly entrance of M. Conway, an avowal of himself, alone being responsible for whatever acts had been done, quieted the minds of the Assembly, and enmity was in an instant forgotten in the magnanimity of the Governor's conduct—the Assembly continued sitting, and their intention was to pass resolutions confirming the patriotic measures adopted at Pondicherry, and followed at Chandernagore."
The same paper, dated October 4, mentions, that "the storm which had so long collected at the Isle of France, had well nigh burst on the head of the magnanimous General Conway—his only refuge was at length in flight—and, in a disguise, he effected his escape, by getting on board a small merchantman then lying in the harbour, which immediately failed, and arrived at Tranquebar, on the beginning of last month, where his Excellency now is, and intends to remain till some future opportunity offers of conveying him to any other country but France."
Extract of a letter, written by a gentleman in London, of a late date.
"It may be agreeable information to John Churchman, and may save him some trouble and expense, to know that it is in agitation here, to send out two ships, on discovery, in Baffin's or Hudson's Bay, as there appears from late accounts, to be some probability of the existence of a north-west passage. Their observations will, probably, be made with instruments superior to any that John Churchman will procure in America; and as they will, no doubt, be published with great accuracy in a few years, he will be likely to collect from them the facts which he is so anxious to fail to Baffin's Bay to obtain."
Extract of a letter from Capt. James Frazier, of the Schooner Eliza, of this port, dated at Port-au-Prince, April 11, 1791.
"About one o'clock, on the morning of the 8th inst. on my passage from this Place, in my boat, down to the Leoganne, with two of my people and a passenger, Mr. William Judah, late of Baltimore, in gitting the boat, she suddenly overset and sunk, with my trunk, which contained, amongst other articles, 1044 1/2 dollars.—Myself and people, in a dark and dreary night, after struggling a considerable time, in a rough sea and strong wind, happily, yet beyond expectation, swam to the shore, distant, as I suppose, about three miles, in a weak and distressed condition; but, I am sorry to add, that the unfortunate Mr. Judah was drowned."
A S O N N E T,
Translated from the original Irish.
IT was on the white hawthorn, on the brow of the valley, I saw the ring of day first break.
The soft, the young, the gay, delightful morning, kissed the crimson off the rose, mixed it with their smiles, and laughed the season on us.
Rise, my Evelina, foul that informs my heart; do thou smile too, more lovely than the morning in her blushes, more modest than the rised lilly, when weeping in her dews. Pride of the western shore, the sky's blue face, when cleared by dancing sunbeams, looks not fiercer than thy countenance. The richness of the wild honey is on thy lip, and thy breath exhales sweet like the apple trees in bloom.
Black are thy locks, my Evelina, and polished as the raven's smooth pinions. The swan's silver plumage is not fairer than thy neck, and the witch of love heaves all her enchantments from thy bosom. Rise, my Evelina, the sprightly beam of the sun descends to kiss thee, and the heath reserves its bloom to greet thee with its odour.
Thy lover will pick the strawberries from the lofty cragg, and rob the hazel of its yellow nuts. My berries shall be red as thy lips, and my nuts ripe and milky as the love-begotten fluid in the bridal bosom.
Queen of the chearful smile, shall I not meet thee in the moss grown cave, and contemplate thy beauties in the wood of Milcother? How long wilt thou leave me, Evelina, mournful as the lone son of the rock, telling thy beauties to the passing gale, and pouring out thy complaints to the grey stone in the valley?
And didst thou bend to hear my song, O virgin daughter of a meek-eyed mother!
Thou comest, Evelina, like summer to the children of frost, and welcome are thy steps to my view as the harbinger of light to the eye of darkness.
E X T R A C T.
THE lower class of mankind are generally injured by being deprived of the means of education, and then insulted for not being intelligent and orderly. But it is time to correct our ideas concerning government. Good government is not best supported by ignorant people. In Europe the maxim has been to corrupt the enlightened few, in order to enslave the ignorant many; but were the mass of the people enlightened, it would be impossible to corrupt them, they would then be what the English nobility are said now to be, and what the enlightened of these States really are, the guardians of their respective State constitutions. A State which has 30,000 inhabitants, and among those inhabitants but one person fit for a judge in a court of subordinate jurisdiction, as has been said of the state of Delphos in the Peninsula of Cambria.—Is such a state properly a republic?—In a republican government we are told the supreme power derives from the people.—But what sort of power will that be, which flows from an ignorant people. The fact is, the power does not flow from such ignorant people, the enlightened and wealthy few alone
possess the power, as is evident from the history of Delphos, where it is said, that at an election, the mass of people, are so ignorant, that they never consider who is a proper person to make or abrogate laws, but uniformly, vote for the richest man in the district to represent them, and they are represented accordingly.
Philadelphia, May 14.
Among the innumerable discoveries of modern times, there is none more surprising than this, that the business of legislation, which in all ages has been arduous and infinitely perplexing, is now found to be one of the easiest and simplest things in nature; and this simplicity and perspicuity is applicable to all inferior objects of discipline and government—not only good citizens, but Patriots. Lawyers, and Divines may now be formed without a tedious process of orders, rules, and gradations.—
According to some recent calculations the millennium is to commence the last year of the present century.
For then, O then the time will come, When contradiction shall be dumb, And all that pleas'd mankind before, Shall never, never please them more. E'en sceptics now believe it true, "That all old things, are growing new!"
As, by the Constitution of our natures, men are formed to think differently—we should cherish the most unlimited spirit of liberality towards each other—an intolerant temper of mind is the basis of all the tyranny that ever existed.
Whenever an universality of the same sentiments and opinions is contemplated, the free agency of man is lost sight of; and the reverie has reference to some species of being totally distinct from man.
There are some circumstances which attended the commencement of the late Fire, that excite strong suspicions of its originating in design.—Mr. I. Israel, one of the principal sufferers, has offered a reward of One hundred dollars for a conviction of the perpetrator, or for such information as may lead to a conviction.
By the New-York papers we learn that several persons have been prosecuted and severely fined for having opened, set on foot and carried on private Lotteries—one person was fined five hundred pounds, another ninety-four—and both committed to jail till the fines are paid.
This Spring has proved very favorable to the Shad and Herring Fisheries of the United States. Different accounts from the Northward concur in proving this fact. In the Patowmac uncommon numbers have been taken—Shad have been sold there at 6/6 per hundred, and Herring proportionably low.
GULIAN VERPLANCK, Esq. is elected President of the Bank of New-York. Hon. Isaac Roosevelt declining to serve any longer.
On Friday the 6th inst. was executed at Newark, N. J. pursuant to his sentence, William Jones, for the murder of Samuel Shotwell—Jones confessed the deed.
The Secretary of State furnished the copy of Mr. Paine's Pamphlet, from which the second edition was published in this city. In a note to the printer, the Secretary observes—
"I am extremely pleased to find it will be re-printed here, and that something is at length to be publicly said against the political heresies which have sprung up among us.
"I have no doubt our citizens will rally a second time round the standard of COMMON SENSE."
SACRED TO THE MEMORY OF THE LATE JUDGE HOPKINSON.
GRIEF! from our presence vanish! cease to rend, Those hearts, which gentler passions should befriend. I see thy pallid cheek suffus'd with tears; Thy agonizing groans assail my ears.
Yes, he is gone—and Genius has confes'd, O death! thy empire o'er the human breast. Yet, whilst on earth esteem'd, belov'd, admir'd, The Sage to everlasting bliss aspir'd; And views, whilst Heav'n with strains of rapture rings, The JUDGE of JUDGES, and the King of Kings.
[Dunlap's Daily Advertiser.]
** A single person, who has had a large share of experience in the direction of periodical publications, is desirous of procuring employ as Superintendent of a Printing-Office.—Applications, it is requested, may be made to the Editor of the Gazette of the United States, who will reply to all requisite enquiries.
Philadelphia, May 14, 1791.
PRICE CURRENT.—PUBLIC SECURITIES.
   FUNDED DEBT.     6 pr. Cents 17 1/2 pr. £. 86 pr. cent.   3 pr. Cents 9 1/2 do. 46 do.   Deferred 6 pr. Cents 9 1/2 do. 45 do.   UNFUNDED DEBT.   Final Sett. and other Certificates 16 3/4 do. 80 do.   Indents 9 1/2 do. 45 do.   N. and S. Carolina debts, 12 3/4 15 3/4 do.  
PUBLIC SECURITIES,
BOUGHT AND SOLD ON COMMISSION, by SAMUEL ANDERSON, Chestnut-Street, next door to the Bank, No. 97,
TICKETS warranted undrawn, in the CITY-HALL and DICKINSON-COLLEGE-LOTTERY, to be had at the same place Every day from 7 till 10 o'clock in the forenoon, and from 4 till 10 o'clock at night.
Prizes purchased at this Office.

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF STATE On the subject of the COD AND WHALE FISHERIES, [CONTINUED.]
IN 1771, the Americans had one hundred and eighty-three vessels, of thirteen thousand eight hundred and twenty tons, in the northern fishery, and one hundred and twenty-one vessels, of fourteen thousand and twenty tons, in the southern, navigated by four thousand and fifty-nine men.
At that period, our fishery being suspended, the English seized the opportunity of pushing theirs. They gave additional bounties of five hundred, four hundred, three hundred, two hundred, one hundred pounds sterling, annually, to the five ships, which should take the greatest quantity of oil.
They had some little time before turned their attention to the southern fishery, had given very great bounties in it, and had invited the fishermen of the United States, to conduct their enterprises. Under their guidance, and with such encouragement, this fishery, which had only begun with them in 1784 or 1785, was rising into value.
The fishermen of the United States, left without resource by the loss of their market, began to think of accepting the British invitation, and of removing—some to Nova-Scotia, preferring smaller advantages in the neighbourhood of their ancient country and friends, others to Great-Britain, postponing country and friends to high premiums.
The government of France could not be inattentive to these proceedings. They saw the danger of letting four or five thousand seamen, of the best in the world, be transferred to the marine strength of another nation, and carry over with them an art, which they possessed almost exclusively.
The plan adopted by the French ministry, very different from that of the first mover, was to give a counter invitation to the Nantucket men to remove and settle in Dunkirk, offering them a bounty of fifty livres (between nine and ten dollars) a ton on the admeasurement of the vessels they should equip for the whale fishery, with some other advantages.
To be continued. A few copies of the CONSTITUTION of the United States, printed with Notes, may be had of the Editor.
Blank Power to receive the Interest, and for the transfer of the principal of public debt, agreeable to the Rules established in the Treasury Department: Also Blanks for abstracts of Certificates, to be sold by the Editor.
ADVERTISEMENT.
HAVING completed the second volume of this Gazette, its patrons, and the public at large, are informed that it will be prosecuted on its original plan, with every improvement that friendship and ingenuity may suggest.
The price of this Gazette, (published Wednesdays and Saturdays,) is Three Dollars per annum—one half to be paid at the time of subscribing.
The utmost punctuality is observed in transmitting the papers to subscribers: The Editor thinks there is the fairest prospect that Information from the seat of government, to the extremes of the Union, will in future circulate with greater facility and certainty, than through the past winter.—Additional subscriptions from all parts of the Union are therefore solicited.
An index to the second volume is preparing for the press.
This volume contains the laws of the two last sessions of Congress—the journal and debates of the house of Representatives—reports of the heads of departments—besides a greater variety of original communications immediately connected with the interests of the United States, than any other periodical publication.
The Editor acknowledges with gratitude the punctual payments received from a great proportion of his subscribers—some arrearages remain—which he is confident will very speedily be discharged.
Payments may be made to the several persons of whom the papers are received.
Advertisements of one square, or less, will be inserted in this Gazette, three times, for one dollar—subsequent insertions, twenty-five cents each; larger advertisements in proportion: No vehicle in the United States gives so immediate a circulation—and the number of each impression is at present fourteen hundred.
MASSACHUSETTS SEMI-ANNUAL LOTTERY. CLASS II.
THE MANAGERS of the STATE-LOTTERY assure the Public, that the second Class of the SEMI-ANNUAL LOTTERY will positively commence drawing on the day appointed, viz. On Thursday the 13th of October next, or sooner, if the Tickets shall be disposed of.
NOT TWO BLANKS TO A PRIZE. 25,000 TICKETS, at Five Dollars each, are 125,000 Dollars, to be paid in the following Prizes, subject to a deduction of twelve and an half per cent. for the use of the Commonwealth.
Table with 3 columns: PRIZES, DOLLARS, DOLLARS. It lists various prize amounts and their corresponding dollar values, totaling 8388 Prizes and 16612 Blanks.
25000 Tickets. TICKETS in the above CLASS may be had of the several MANAGERS, who will pay the prizes on demand; of the TREASURER of the Commonwealth; of JAMES WHITE, at his Book-store, Franklin's Head, Court-street—and at other places, as usual. BENJAMIN AUSTIN, jun., DAVID COBB, SAMUEL COOPER, GEORGE R. MINOT, JOHN KNEELAND. Managers. Boston, April 14, 1791.
PINTARD and BLEECKER, PURCHASE and SELL all kinds of Certificates & Public Securities, On COMMISSION, at public and private sale, on the following terms:
ON the specie amount of all sales or purchases at auction, one eighth per cent. On ditto of all sales or purchases at private sale, on all sums below 5000 nominal dollars, one-half per cent.; and on all sums above 5000 nominal dollars, one-fourth per cent. For receiving interest at the Loan-Office, one per cent. For making transfers at ditto, one dollar each transfer. Such persons throughout the United States, as may be pleased to favor the subscribers with their orders, may rely on their being executed with punctuality, fidelity and dispatch, as considerable experience in the public stocks, together with extensive connections in the city of New-York and different parts of the continent, enable them to conduct their operations with peculiar advantages. PINTARD & BLEECKER, New-York, No. 57, King-Street. (97 saw 6m) March 15, 1791.
ADVERTISEMENT.
THE Subscriber, who served a regular apprenticeship to the business of VENDUE-MASTER, under Mr. GEORGE KELLY, has just opened an OFFICE in the Borough of NORFOLK, Virginia, in a good and convenient House, situated near the County Wharf, where he is in hopes of giving general satisfaction to all those that may be pleased to favor him with their commands. JOHN H. HALL. Norfolk, Virginia, April 21, 1791. (1 ep 7w)
MATTHEW M'CONNELL, IN CHESNUT-STREET, No. 66,
BUYS and SELLS all kinds of THE PUBLIC DEBT OF THE UNION; has frequently occasion to NEGOTIATE INLAND BILLS OF EXCHANGE—and will receive Orders for making SUBSCRIPTIONS to the BANK of the UNITED STATES. Philadelphia, March 30, 1791. (96 tf)
CONTRACT,
For erecting BRIDGES over the HACKINACK and PASSAIAK Rivers, between Powlas-Hook and Newark, in the State of New-Jersey.
THE Commissioners appointed by an act of the legislature of the state of New-Jersey, to erect bridges over the Hackinack and Passaiaik rivers, having obtained the necessary surveys, are now ready to receive proposals for performing the same; and offer the following conditions for the consideration of such as may be inclined to contract:
The situation of the bridge across the Hackinack river, will be at one of the following stations, as shall be hereafter determined most eligible.
1st. At the place where the present ferry is established, where the width of the river is 1448 feet. Depth at the eastern shore, 8 feet 8 inches. Do. western shore, 8 11. Greatest depth, 25 4. 2d. At a place more northerly, called Douw's Ferry, where the width of the river is 846 feet. Depth at the eastern shore 19 feet 10 inches. Do. western shore 12. Greatest depth 35 8.
The situation of the bridge across the Passaiaik river, will be at one of the three following stations, as shall be hereafter determined most eligible.
1st. At the place where the present ferry is established, where the width of the river is 676 feet. Depth at the eastern shore 8 feet 6 inches, Do. western shore 9 6. Greatest depth 17. 2d. At a place more westerly, called Beef-Point, where the breadth of the river is 799 feet. Depth at the eastern shore 11 feet, Do. western shore 4 5 inches, Greatest depth 13 4. 3d. At a place still more northerly, called Hedden's dock, in the town of Newark, where the width of the river is 526 feet. Depth at the eastern shore 4 feet 5 inches, Do. western shore 10 8. Greatest depth 15 11.
The bridges are to be constructed on the principles of those erected over Charles, Myrick, and Beverly Rivers in the State of Massachusetts, with a draw to admit a free passage for vessels with fixed standing masts, not less than twenty-four feet wide, to be placed in such part of the bridges as shall be determined most convenient for the navigation of the river, with piles or blocks on each side of the entrance of such draw, as shall be judged sufficient to aid vessels in passing through. Also, one lamp on each side of the draw, to be lighted every night from sunset to sunrise, during the continuance of the lease.
The bridges are to be built with such piles, timber, scantling, and plank, as shall render them perfectly substantial and secure in the opinion of the commissioners, and are to be of a sufficient height to protect them against the tides, which rise at ordinary tides from 5 to 6 feet, and at spring tides from 8 to 10 feet. They are to be 31 feet in breadth, viz.
Allowance for carriage way, 20 feet. Do. for foot walks, railed off on each side, 4 feet each, 8 feet. Do. for ballustrades, 1 foot each, 2 feet. Do. for hand-rails for do. 6 inches each, 1 foot.—Total, 31 feet. The sides of the bridges to be secured with strong ballustrades, after the manner of the bridge between Boston and Charlestown. The bridges and draws are to be kept in constant repair, and at the expiration of the lease are to be surrendered in good order, agreeably to the act.
The following are the terms which the commissioners are authorized to offer to contractors:
A lease of the exclusive privilege of the bridges for a period not exceeding 99 years, with a toll equal to three-fourths of the present rates of ferrage.
From an accurate an estimate as could possibly be obtained, the actual receipts of the ferries for a medium of five years last past, amount to twelve hundred pounds, New-Jersey currency, per annum, three-fourths of that sum will consequently produce an immediate income of 900 pounds per ann. This may fairly be estimated as the smallest profit that can be calculated upon. The advancing population of the United States, the increasing intercourse between the two cities of New-York and Philadelphia, the facility which the construction of these bridges will give to traveling, the easy communication thereby offered with the state of New-York, on the western side of the Hudson, are all important circumstances, which must necessarily tend rapidly to accumulate the profits of the bridges. The commissioners are moreover authorized by law to raise four thousand pounds to be applied towards making causeways and laying out proper roads connected with the bridges, and have a lottery now on foot for that purpose. As soon as the places shall be determined on where the bridges are to be fixed, and the contracts for erecting them are executed, the roads and causeways will be immediately undertaken. Such persons therefore as may be inclined to contract on the above principles, will be pleased to send in their terms sealed, within three months from this date, to WILLIAM MAXWELL, Esq. in New-York, specifying the shortest period of lease for which they will undertake to erect the said bridges, together with proper security for performing the same.
SAMUEL TUTHILL, JOHN NELSON, ROBERT KEMBLE, WILLIAM MAXWELL, JOHN PINTARD. Commissioners. Newark, State of New-Jersey, April 22, 1791.
Funds of the United States.
ALL kinds of the Public Debt of the Union, bought, sold, or exchanged; Foreign and inland Bills of Exchange, negotiated; Merchandise of all sorts Bought and Sold on Commission, and all other Business in the line of a Broker, transacted by WILLIAM CLELAND, At the Office, next door to the Custom-House, State-Street, BOSTON.
A CARD.
JOSEPH WHEATON
PRESENTS his compliments to his old Military Friends, the Gentlemen of the Civil List, and the Public—wishes they may be informed that he has received a very handsome ASSORTMENT of the best chosen
SPRING GOODS,
By the Pigou, and other late arrivals, which are now opening at his KNOWN CHEAP STORE, No. 38, Third-Street, North, and which he is determined to dispose of (at wholesale or retail) on so low terms as must make it an object to customers.—Orders from his friends will be attended to with punctuality and dispatch, and the time of payment made convenient. Philad. May 2, 1791.
PHILADELPHIA, May 3. WE, the Commissioners, appointed to receive subscriptions to the Bank of the United States, do hereby give public notice, that the Books will be opened by us for that purpose at the Bank of North-America, on Monday the 4th day of July next. THOMAS WILLING, SAMUEL HOWELL, BEALE BORDLEY, LAMBERT CADWALADER, DAVID RITTENHOUSE, All the Printers in the United States are requested to publish the above.