Gazette of the United-States. (New-York [N.Y.]), 1793-05-18 00:00:00

Gazette of the United States.
A NATIONAL PAPER, PUBLISHED WEDNESDAYS AND SATURDAYS BY JOHN FENNO, No. 34, NORTH FIFTH-STREET, PHILADELPHIA.
[No. 101 of Vol. IV.]
SATURDAY, MAY 18, 1793.
[Whole No. 425.]
THIS DAY IS PUBLISHED,
By Mathew Carey,
No. 118, Market-Street.
EMBELISHED WITH A MAP of the present
SEAT OF WAR,
No. I,
OF A NEW
SYSTEM OF MODERN
GEOGRAPHY:
OR, A GEOGRAPHICAL, HISTORICAL, AND COMMERCIAL GRAMMAR; And Present State of the Several KINGDOMS OF THE WORLD.
CONTAINING
 I. The figures, motions, and distances of the planets, according to the Newtonian system and the latest observations.  II. A general view of the earth considered as a planet; with several useful geographical definitions and problems.  III. The grand divisions of the globe into land and water, continents and islands.  IV. The situation and extent of empires, kingdoms, states, provinces, and colonies.  V. Their climate, air, soil, vegetable productions, metals, minerals, natural curiosities, seas, rivers, bays, capes, promontories, and lakes.  VI. The birds and beasts peculiar to each country.  VII. Observations on the changes that have been any where observed upon the face of nature since the most early periods of history.  VIII. The history and origin of nations; their forms of government, religion, laws, revenues, taxes, naval and military strength.  IX. The genius, manners, customs, and habits of the people.  X. Their language, learning, arts, sciences, manufactures, and commerce.  XI. The chief cities, structures, ruins, and artificial curiosities.  XII. The longitude, latitude, bearings, and distances of principal places from Philadelphia.  TO WHICH ARE ADDED  I. A GEOGRAPHICAL INDEX, with the Names, and places alphabetically arranged.  II. A TABLE of the Coins of all Nations, and their Value in ENGLISH MONEY.  III. A CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE of remarkable Events, from the Creation to the present Time. 
By WILLIAM GUTHRIE, Esq.
The ASTRONOMICAL Part by JAMES Ferguson, F. R. S. To which have been added, The late Discoveries of Dr. Herschel, and other eminent Astronomers.
THE FIRST AMERICAN EDITION, CORRECTED, IMPROVED, AND GREATLY ENLARGED.
The publisher of this work, thankful for the patronage with which he has been honored, submits the present number to the inspection of his fellow-citizens, and lays before them
The terms of publication:
1. This geography shall be published in forty-eight weekly numbers, each containing twenty-four pages of letter press.
II. In the course of publication will be delivered the following maps:
 1. The world. 2. Europe. 3. Sweden, Denmark, Norway, and Finland. 4. Russia. 5. Scotland. 6. England and Wales. 7. Ireland. 8. France. 9. Seven United Provinces. 10. Austrian and French Netherlands. 11. Germany. 12. Switzerland. 13. Poland. 14. Spain and Portugal. 15. Italy. 16. Turkey in Europe. 17. Asia. 18. China. 19. Hindostan. 20. Africa. 21. North America. 22. British America. 23. West-Indies. 24. South America. 25. Planisphere of the earth. * 26. Countries round the north pole. * 27. Discoveries made by Captains Cooke and Clerke. * 28. New-Hampshire. * 29. Massachusetts. * 30. Connecticut. * 31. Rhode-Island. * 32. Vermont. * 33. New-York. * 34. New-Jersey. * 35. Pennsylvania and Delaware. * 36. Maryland. * 37. Virginia. * 38. North-Carolina. * 39. South-Carolina. * 40. Georgia. * 41. The Sphere. * 42. The Copernican system. 
N. B. All the maps marked with stars are added to this edition, exclusive of those in the last London edition.
That no disappointment may arise from subscribers expecting what the publisher neither promises nor is able to perform, he gives this early and explicit notice, that of some of the States it will be impossible for him to give maps fully accurate, no late surveys having been made; and it is hardly necessary to observe, that it falls not within his plan to go to the expense of surveys. But in every instance he will avail himself of the best materials extant: And such corrections and additions as his utmost exertions can procure, shall be made.
III. The geography of the United States is undertaken by gentlemen of literary abilities, who have engaged to give a more full and satisfactory account of it than any ever published. It will extend to 250 or 300 pages, although in the British edition, and even in that of 1790, it makes only about 30.
IV. Should the work exceed forty-eight numbers, the surplus will be delivered gratis to the subscribers.
V. The price of each number will be a quarter dollar, to be paid on delivery.
VI. Such subscribers as do not choose to receive the work in numbers, are to pay three dollars at the time of subscribing.
The printer, anxious to render this work as perfect as the nature of it will allow, most earnestly requests, that such gentlemen throughout the United States, as have it in their power, will furnish him with documents for correcting the past errors in the geography of America, and for furnishing a more complete system of geography than has yet appeared.
The title page, list of subscriber's names, with the account of the Newtonian system, &c. &c. will be given in the 47th and 48th numbers.
N. B. The subscribers, and the public in general are requested to consider the following very material circumstance—The London quarto edition is sold here, for fifteen dollars, although it contains only 25 maps and plates, and of the Geography of the United States, as has been observed above, only about 30 pages—whereas, Carey's edition will contain 42 maps and plates, and have two hundred pages of letter press more. And it need not be observed, that the seventeen maps to be added, are of more importance to Americans by far, than the 25 London ones. The observation will apply with equal force to the letter press additions.
The maps will be published in such order of succession as they are engraved, and directions will be printed for the proper manner of placing them by the bookbinder.
May 18
LAWS OF THE UNION.
SECOND CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES, AT THE SECOND SESSION.
Began and held at the City of Philadelphia, in the State of Pennsylvania, on Monday the fifth of November, one thousand seven hundred and ninety-two.
AN ACT to alter the times and places of holding the Circuit Courts in the Eastern District, and in North-Carolina, and for other purposes.
BE it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the spring circuit courts of the eastern district, instead of being held at the times and places now established by law for holding the same, shall from henceforth be held at the times and places following respectively, namely; for the district of New-York, at New-York, on the fifth day of April; for the district of Connecticut, at New-Haven, on the twenty-fifth day of April; for the district of Vermont, at Windsor and Bennington alternately, beginning at the first, on the 12th day of May; for the district of New-Hampshire, at Portsmouth, on the twenty-seventh day of May; for the district of Massachusetts, at Boston, on the seventeenth day of June; and for the district of Rhode-Island, at Newport, on the nineteenth day of June. And if any of the said days shall happen on a Sunday, the courts, respectively, shall commence and be holden on the day following.
And all causes now pending in the said courts, and all appeals, processes and recognizances returned, or returnable to the same, and all officers, jurors, parties and witnesses, shall be conformable to this act.
And be it further enacted, That from and after the expiration of the session of the circuit court of the State of North-Carolina, which is to commence on the first day of June next (which session shall be held, any thing in this act notwithstanding, at Newbern) the stated sessions of the said court shall be held at Wake court-house, either in the court-house belonging to the said county, or in some convenient building contiguous thereto, until there shall be convenient accommodations for the said purpose in the city of Raleigh, in the said State; after which, and upon its being made so to appear to the said court, the said court is hereby authorized and directed at the close of the session then depending, to adjourn the said court to meet at its next stated session in the city of Raleigh; which said city of Raleigh shall thereafter be the place at which the stated sessions of the said circuit court shall be constantly held.
And be it further enacted, Inasmuch as there was not a sufficient quorum of judges to hold the circuit court for the district of North-Carolina for the purpose of doing business, at November term one thousand seven hundred and ninety-two, that it shall and may be lawful for the district judge of the State of North-Carolina to direct the clerk of the said
court to issue such process for the purpose of having jurymen summoned to attend the said court at the term to commence on the first day of June next, as he had before issued for the like purpose returnable to November term above mentioned; that the jurymen ordered by the said process to be summoned shall be ordered to be summoned in the same proportion and from the same counties as those jurymen who were ordered to be summoned by the process returnable at November term above mentioned: And the marshal is to execute the said process, and the jurymen legally summoned in consequence thereof, are to attend the said court, under the like penalties for disobedience as if the said process had been ordered to be issued as usual, by the said court; and the marshal and the jurymen who attend the said court shall be entitled to the like allowance for their services respectively. And it is hereby declared, that all suits and proceedings of what nature or kind soever which have been commenced in the said court, and not finished, shall be proceeded on at the ensuing term in the same manner and to the same effect, as if the said circuit court had been regularly held at November term aforesaid, and continuances had been regularly held of all such suits and proceedings from the said last mentioned term to the ensuing term.
JONATHAN TRUMBULL, Speaker of the House of Representatives.
JOHN LANGDON, President pro tempore of the Senate.
APPROVED, MARCH 2, 1793.
GEO. WASHINGTON, President of the United States.
AN ACT making addition to the compensation of certain Public Officers.
BE it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That there be allowed to the Auditor of the Treasury, the sum of five hundred dollars; to the Commissioner of the Revenue, the sum of five hundred dollars; to the Comptroller of the Treasury, the sum of two hundred and fifty dollars; and to the Register of the Treasury, the sum of two hundred and fifty dollars per annum, in addition to the compensation already allowed to them respectively, to commence on the first day of April next, payable in like manner as the present compensations are payable.
JONATHAN TRUMBULL, Speaker of the House of Representatives.
JOHN LANGDON, President pro tempore of the Senate.
APPROVED, MARCH 2, 1793.
GEO. WASHINGTON, President of the United States.
Foreign Intelligence.
FRANCE.
NATIONAL CONVENTION.
MARCH 21.
THE minister of the interior submitted the propriety of preserving peace with Sweden and Denmark, on account of the advantages of passing the sound into the Baltic. He recommended the Convention to order some measures to be taken to prevent American cargoes for France from being stopped by the English. Referred to the diplomatic and commercial committees.
The committee of finance made a report, stating the necessary expenses incurred in 1792, at 604 millions 937 thousand livres, and the contributions of the same year at 511 millions 500 thousand livres. The expenses of '93 may in some respects suffer a diminution, but again on the other hand must encrease in nearly the same proportion.
One of the principal causes of the slowness of receipt arises from the inequality of the distribution among the departments. This inequality has given rise to remonstrances from 60 of the departments. They recommended taking every measure to equalize the public burdens; which are best paid when claimed in justice.
Letter from Valence to Dumourier.
"GENERAL,
"A violent blow on my right arm prevents my writing myself. The infantry having, as you know, been repulsed twice, I myself charg-
ed the enemy at the head of my cavalry: I passed through a body of the enemy, and received three sabre cuts on the head, one of which, that is however, I am told, not mortal, has thrown my scalp over my eyes. I am going to Bruxelles, where I hope to learn, that nothing has happened to you. If the left had not given way, the right could have stood firm, I am still in hopes of assisting you if my wound permits me yet to follow you in this campaign. (Signed) VALENCE."
After the reading of the dispatches from Gen. Dumourier and Valence, Marat cried out, "This is still the artifice of treacherous chiefs: when unsuccessful they attempt to hide their misconduct by calumniating the patriotic soldiery. If any theses have been committed, it is because they have been misled by their treacherous officers." Murmurs interrupted Marat; he, however, raising his voice, said, "this is the moment to tear the veil; we have no disciplined troops to give battle." Murmurs re commenced with more violence. "Let him," said Mazuyier, "vomit the indecencies and the venom which devours him." "My aim," continued Marat, "is to save the republic. We ought to confine ourselves to the defence of our own territory, and ask to be added to the committee of general defence, to communicate a plan, the execution of which will render us invulnerable." The President observed, that every member was at liberty to communicate his sentiments to any of the committees.
Leconte Puyraveau added: "Observe that the same man who not long since proclaimed, that the convention could not save the republic because part had not the will and the other portion not the power, tells us to day, that we have neither generals nor troops to oppose our enemies. What would he lead us to?"
The law against strangers was passed.
March 21 in the evening.
The section of ninety-two, presented to the convention C. Dupleissis who preserved Thionville from being surprized; who, attacked by 10 hussars at Sierck, killed 4, and put the other 6 to flight; who, enveloped by 60 musketeers, and seeing the ax lifted over his head, replied to their menaces by the cry of Success to the French Republic .
The section have decreed him a civic crown and presented him with a sword. The minister at war had rewarded him with a commission; the President of the convention honored him with the fraternal embrace, and he was admitted to the honors of the sitting, amidst universal applause.
A member announced, that recruiting went on with the greatest vigor in the departments of Sevres and Vendee; that the national guards had attacked the rebels; a justice of the peace of the canton of St. Maixent, among others, placed himself at the head of fifty married men, to march against the rebels. Honorable mention.
Jean Debry was elected President.
After some opposition a letter just received by a courier extraordinary from Marseilles, was read, nearly as follows:
"Ye who voted for an appeal to the people, your perfidy is at its height. It is in vain that you have expected the success of your base intrigues with tyrants, leagued against liberty; the check we have just suffered, only deepens the grave which will swallow up all traitors. Fly the sanctuary which you have too often polluted with your foul

Philadelphia, May 18.
Thursday, at one o'clock, M. GENEST, Minister from the Republic of France to the United States of America, arrived in this city from Charleston—In the afternoon the bells of Christ-Church were rung on this occasion.
Mr. GENEST has been violently censured by many, for giving commissions to the privateers fitted out at Charleston. We can assert, from good authority, that in so doing he has only complied with the orders of the executive of France who sent him, and that the commissions are in fact from that executive and only filled up by Mr. GENEST, which he is directed to do when called upon for that purpose.
By an arrival at this port yesterday, in 12 days from Antigua, we learn that a British fleet, consisting of two 90 gun ships, and five 74's, under the command of Admiral Gardner, arrived at Barbadoes the 25th ult.—also, that a fleet of five sail of the line has arrived at Martinique from France.
A letter from Amsterdam dated the 5th April says, certain intelligence had been received there, that two Commissioners had been sent from Paris with orders to conduct Gen. Dumourier thither—that he, apprized of the design, had seized the Commissioners and sent them to the Imperialists; that the French army had mounted the white cockade and were marching to Paris, to restore the old monarchy, &c. &c. The Leyden Gazette of the same date makes no mention of these events—the account therefore is most probably premature.
Wednesday last Mr. J. RAVARA was committed to the goal of this city, charged with being the writer of several incendiary letters, to different gentlemen, demanding sums of money, accompanied with threats in cases of non-compliance.—One Guilloux, a hair-dresser, was the messenger sent for the answers to the letters, which were to be put into the post-office. This circumstance led to a discovery of the parties.
Tuesday evening arrived the ship Argonaut, of Marseilles, Capt. Chobert, from China and the Isle of France. This vessel was bound to l'Orient; but not being well informed of the state of European politics with respect to peace or war, thought it most prudent to make for this continent. Has had 72 days passage from the Isle of France, brings a cargo teas, nankeens, &c. in value to the amount of 2 million of livres. She was formerly a frigate belonging to the Pope called the St. Charles; but now is private property;—mounts 14 pieces of 12 and 2 of 16 pounders.
The Hercules, of Boston, failed from the Isle of France the 27th February. By a gentleman who arrived here in 24 days from Port-au-Prince, we are informed of the troubles which happened there last month. Our informant relates, that Mr. Santhonax, the national civil commissioner, arrived there in the America, of 74 guns, with two large frigates, on the 4th of April; that he issued a thundering proclamation against the inhabitants, whom he branded with the term of Counter-revolutionists, and imputed to them the cause of the insurrections of the blacks; that during the 5th and 6th the disputes ran high between the Aristocrats and Democrats; that on the 7th the national commissioners gave orders to the captains and commanders of the American and French merchantmen to quit the port, and to retire out of the reach of the artillery, and get under the protection of the ships of war. The Captains drew up and signed a pathetic memorial, and presented the same to the commissioners, remonstrating against the approaching destruction of the town; they were, however, obliged to comply, and retired out of the reach of cannon shot, during the 10th and 11th. On the 12th, at nine o'clock in the morning, the ship America commenced a most dreadful cannonade against Fort St. Clair; at the same time the frigates began to bombard the town, and continued that dreadful work till the afternoon. The Forts St. Joseph, St. Clair, and another, returned the fire with desperate intrepidity. It is computed that these three ships discharged about 3500 balls against the town and forts. The old men, women and children ran in different directions to meet death, 73 of these were killed on the spot. A cart loaded with powder blew up in one of the forts, by which accident 8 persons lost their lives. Towards the close of the day Mr. Borell, a leading man in the town, made his escape with 300 white men, and 100 blacks, to Jacmel. The commissioners took possession, and have since been organizing the troops, and imprisoning the disaffected, 300 of whom are now in jail there.
At a meeting of the citizens of Philadelphia, at the State-House, on Thursday evening last, CHARLES BIDDLE, Esq. was unanimously called to the chair, and R. H. DUNKIN, appointed secretary.
On motion, it was resolved unanimously, that a committee of 7 citizens be appointed to prepare an Address to Mr. GENEST, Minister from the Republic of France to the United States; whereupon Messrs. Rittenhouse, Dallas, Hutchinson, Du Ponceau, Sergeant, Fox, and Barton, were unanimously appointed for that purpose.
Resolved, that a general meeting of the citizens be called by public advertisements in the papers to be held this day at 6 o'clock at the State-House, to receive the report of said committee, and act thereon.
CHARLES BIDDLE, Chairman. Attest, ROBERT HENRY DUNKIN, Secretary. May 17.
The following paragraphs are copied from the (Boston) Independent Chronicle of the 9th inst.
To the innumerable rumours against the French, their defeats, disasters and retreats, &c. we have to oppose the real facts of the distresses of the British nation. It appears that their credit is in such low estimation, that the loan of 4 millions and a half cannot be effected under the enormous rate of 8 per cent.—that the mercantile stability, on which support the Ministry has ever relied, is almost totally annihilated—a number of the first houses have stopped payment; and that all confidence is at an end among the merchants—this must soon operate among the manufacturers, and the convolution this must occasion, may be better imagined than described.
The situation of the British nation appears truly alarming, just entering on an expensive War, with their finances so deranged, as to be obliged to give 8 per cent. for the loan of money to prosecute it—their merchants and manufacturers commencing Bankrupts—their fleets unmanned by reason of the combination of their independent seamen in opposing the press-gangs—their internal dissensions with respect to the object of the war—the formidable operations of the Volunteers in Ireland—and the immense loss they sustain by captures.
These circumstances are facts which cannot be controverted, and bespeak the distressed state of that nation.—On the contrary, no such circumstances appear against the French: Their loans are easily effected—their finances well regulated and adequate—their navy completely manned, and what stamps a national stability as it relates to their commerce, not a French merchant of any great note, has failed during the whole controversy.
These things considered, we must be led to conclude, that France is in the most prosperous situation.
Among a variety of predictions and anticipations re-published at the present interesting period, the following has been extracted from a work published in the year 1701 by Mr. Robert Fleming, an eminent Scotch Minister;
"There is ground to hope, that about the beginning of another such century, things may again alter for the better—for I cannot but hope, that some new mortification of the chief supporters of Anti-Christ will then happen; and perhaps the French monarchy may begin to be considerably humbled about that time; that whereas the present French King takes the sun for his emblem, and this for his motto, nec pluribus impar —he may at length, or rather his successor, and the monarchy itself, at least before the year 1794, be forced to acknowledge, that (in respect to neighboring potentates) he is even singulis impar ." Page 53.
"We may justly suppose, that the French monarchy, after it has scorched others, will itself consume by doing so; its fire, and that which is the fuel that maintains it, wasting insensibly, till it be exhausted at last towards the end of this century, as the Spanish monarchy did before, towards the end of the sixteenth age." Page 57 58.
Other remarkable extracts might be made, which are omitted on account of their not applying immediately to the present grand revolution in France—a work which, if it be of God, cannot be overthrown by all the combined despots and tyrants of the Universe. Mail.
Extracts of a letter from England to a gentleman in this city, dated Bath, February 18th, 1793.
"The price of tin in European markets, is raised from 58 to 72 per cent.—by which Cornwall receives between 30 and 40,000. sterling per annum; the greatest part of it from foreign markets; so that there is full employment for men, women, and children, and the county not able to answer the full demand. And yet strange to relate! the county produces little corn. Depending on precarious importations, the poor inhabitants are often deprived of a supply, and grow riotous thro' want, even in times of profound peace. What may be expected, then, in this and other places similarly situated, in case the present war with France should continue.
"I was agreeably entertained by Mr. Bartram's travels in the Floridas and S. Carolina. His account of fishes of prey living peaceably with the smaller inoffensive fry, while together in clear, transparent water, is new and curious! His account of the amiable manners of those nations whom, thro' pride, we style Savages, is also very interesting.—Strange! that the artificial mode of flattening the heads of the children of the Chachiaws, by mechanical compression, long continued, does not derange the faculties of the brain! On the contrary, we read, they become sensible, ingenious men; bold, intrepid, yet quiet and peaceable citizens. The method of taming wild horses, by salt, is a singular fact, and worthy attention.
"In case the present troubles in this country, should go to extremities, and terminate in anarchy, or a national convolution, America seems to offer the only
eligible asylum for peaceable English subjects, who can surmount local prejudices and reconcile themselves to a voyage across the Atlantic, and content themselves with becoming fellow-citizens with their brethren in America. Many circumstances seem to portend such an event as at no great distance. The sanguinary spirit that now prevails among the potentates of Europe, cannot fail to subject the inhabitants to all the horrors and calamities of war, or force them to seek refuge in more peaceable climes.
" Quicquid delirant Reges plectuntur Achivi. "
"The last year, particularly in the western parts of this island, has been uncommonly wet. Of 365 days in the year 1792, two hundred and sixty three were rainy. viz. in January, 15 days; in Feb. 27; in March, 25; in April, 29; in May, 20; in June, 18; in July, 25; in August, 18; in Sept. 18; in October, 25; in November, 13; in Dec. 26. The present year, thus far, has been very similar: Scarce any frost or snow; much rain; cloudy atmosphere; the sun seldom visible.
"A method has lately been invented for marking the changes of the barometer by a clock; and this might perhaps, without difficulty, be transferred to the thermometer and hydrometer—which would be a capital improvement in meteorological experiments.
"The Steam Engine has received great and important improvements, and is about to be applied to the propelling of vessels and other purposes, in all which I believe America is not behind hand.
"The samples of the true cinnamon lately sent from Jamaica, are allowed to rival, or even excel the best specimens hitherto imported from Ceylon; and the plantation is said to be in a flourishing condition. Plants might be transplanted to Carolina, or other similar latitudes.—For why should this precious aromatic be confined to one particular spot? The Dutch by a narrow-minded selfish policy, have too long monopolized this and other valuable spices. But the products of nature, like those of science, ought to be diffused every where, that the different nations, like children of the same beneficent parent, may all partake of the benefit, and return grateful homage to the all-bountiful Donor.
"A spirit for extending inland navigation by canals, never was more predominant in this country: But war will retard these and all other public-spirited operations; watering of meadows begins to be successfully employed, diffusing fertility and verdure at a small expence. The gypsum is under trial, but does not promise such luxuriant crops as on your side of the Atlantic.
"Potatoes, for which we were originally indebted to South America, and which found their way very slowly as an article of diet, are now become the principal food for all kinds of cattle, without exception; and experiments have shewn that with a small portion of flour, they are capable of being converted into a very useful and pleasant bread.
"Paper begins to be manufactured from coarse, raw vegetables; and English rhubarb is about to rival the true Turkey rhubarb of a less marketable appearance.
"Mr. Knight, of Norwich, manufactures English shawls of large dimensions, and of such perfection as hardly to be distinguished from Indian, and at a twentieth part of the usual expence.
"Mr. Swaine, of the Bath Society, has discovered, that dried oak leaves, yield by decoction an astringent extract for tanning, which can be procured at one fifth the expence of oak bark, which is now exorbitantly dear.
"Mr. Howells, an ingenious watch-maker, has invented an improved escapement without springs, and without oil; so that the balance receives the same impulse in whatever position the watch is placed; and the machine goes with more truth.—The want of this was the grand defect of all former escapements, as acknowledged by the best artists.
"Silk has been produced in England, equal to the best Chinese; but mulberry plantations are too scarce to support a manufacture.
"The encaustic painting of the ancients, so much admired, has been lately revived by the ingenious Miss Greenland, who has discovered the method; and also, how to incorporate mastic and white wax, with water, by means of gum Arabic, as a vehicle for the colours."
Yesterday at noon a Committee of the Commercial and Trading interests, consisting of about one hundred Gentlemen, waited on the President of the United States at his house, and presented the following Address—
GEORGE WASHINGTON, President of the United States.
SIR,
SENSIBLE that nothing is wanting to the happiness of the people of the United States, but to continue in peace under their excellent laws and government, the Merchants and Traders of the city of Philadelphia, beg leave to express to you the high sense they entertain of the wisdom and goodness which dictated your late proclamation, declaring the neutrality to be observed by the United States in the war wherein several European powers are now engaged—A war which, however it might serve the interests of their Commerce for the time, they, as the Friends of ALL MEN, and of all Nations, are bound to deplore.
Impressed too with an opinion, that in an unoffending conduct towards all the world, consists the true policy of America, it is their determination not only to pay the strict regard to the proclamation themselves, but to discountenance in the most pointed manner any contrary disposition in others; examples of which they are persuaded will seldom occur—the sentiments just expressed being, as they have the satisfaction to find, the common language of the citizens of Pennsylvania.
Philadelphia, May 16, 1793.
To which the PRESIDENT made the following
REPLY.
GENTLEMEN,
FULLY persuaded that the happiness and best interests of the people of the United States will be promoted by observing a strict neutrality in the present contest among the powers of Europe—It gives me pleasure to learn that the measure which I have taken to declare to the world their disposition on this head, has given general satisfaction to the citizens of Pennsylvania.
The friends of humanity will deprecate war wherever it may appear; and we have experienced enough of its evils in this country to know that it should not be wantonly or unnecessarily entered upon—I trust therefore that the good citizens of the United States will shew to the world that they have as much wisdom in preserving peace at this interesting juncture, as they have heretofore displayed valour in defending their just rights.
(Signed)
GEORGE WASHINGTON
The above address was signed by about three hundred persons.
The following is a copy of a blank Sea-Letter, or Passport, issued by the Supreme Executive of the Union, to the Captains of ships or vessels belonging to citizens of the United States, bound to ports within the territories of the Belligerent Powers:—The letters are to be countersigned by the Secretary of State, and are in the English, Dutch, and French languages, conformably to the treaties with France and Holland.
GEORGE WASHINGTON, PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA.
To all who shall see these presents, greeting:
BE it known, That leave and permission are hereby given to _____ master or commander of the _____ of the burthen of _____ tons or thereabouts, lying at present in the port of _____ bound for _____ and laden with _____ to depart and proceed with his said _____ on his said voyage, such _____ having been visited, and the said _____ having made oath before the proper officer, that the said _____ belongs to one or more of the citizens of the United States of America, and to him or them only.
IN witness whereof, I have subscribed my name to these presents, and affixed the seal of the United States of America thereto, and caused the same to be countersigned by _____ at the _____ day of _____ in the year of our Lord Christ, one thousand seven hundred and ninety
MOST Serene, Serene, most Puissant, Puissant, High, Illustrious, Noble, Honorable, Venerable, wise and prudent, Lords, Emperors, Kings, Republics, Princes, Dukes, Earls, Barons, Burgomasters, Schepens, Counsellors, as also Judges, Officers, Justiciaries and Regents of all the good cities and places, whether Ecclesiastical or Secular, who shall see these patents, or hear them read. We make known, that the master of _____ appearing before us, has declared upon oath, that the vessel, called the _____ of the burthen of about _____ tons, which he at present navigates, is of the United States of America, and that no subjects of the present belligerent powers have any part or portion therein, directly nor indirectly, so may God Almighty help him. And, as we wish to see the said master prosper in his lawful affairs, our prayer is, to all the before-mentioned, and to each of them separately, where the said master shall arrive, with his vessel and cargo, that they may please to receive the said master, with goodness, and to treat him in a becoming manner, permitting him, upon the usual tolls and expences, in passing and repassing, to pass, navigate, and frequent the ports, passes and territories, to the end to transact his business, where, and in what manner he shall judge proper: Whereof we shall be willingly indebted.
IN witness and for cause whereof, we affix hereto the seal of
A letter from Amsterdam of 30th March, received by the ship Peggy, says, "That the embargo on American vessels is taken off—and that the trade and commerce of that city begins to revive, since the French retreated from the Maese and the Rhine."

breath. Leave it to the true friends of liberty to save the republic. The administrative bodies of Marseilles, the sections & the popular societies acknowledge in the convention none but that guardian mountain, which will, with us secure the triumph of the republic. Fly monsters, or dread the effects of the vengeance of a people who rise for a third time, and whose cry is Liberty or Death ."
Some called for the printing, others for the rejection of this letter. Barbaroux speaks in favor of a convention of the primary assemblies for the re-election of deputies.
Lafourbe informed, that among the sections of Marseilles, some have declared, that they would acknowledge no law passed with the concurrence of those who voted for the appeal; another section endeavors to prevail on the citizens of Paris to send the appellants to their respective departments in chains. Lafourbe moved that these resolves should be annulled.
The convention decreed, "That the petition or letter from Marseilles is rejected or disapproved, & that all the resolves of administrative bodies relative to this letter are annulled, as an invasion of the liberty of opinion, the unity and indivisibility of the republic."
The commissioners sent to visit the ports from l'Orient to Bayonne, write from Rochefort, on the 18th, that the rebels having dared to attack General Masse, at the head of 1300 men with seven pieces of cannon, had been put to flight, leaving one hundred men on the field. We have had but seven wounded. Gen. Mace is about pursuing, with a reinforcement of 2000 men, the rebels as far as Nantz, the communication of which place with Antwerp is still interrupted. The rebels are commanded by Gaston, Saint-Hermine, and Verteuil. The commissioners announce fresh reinforcements from Bourdeaux, &c.
Fabre d'Eglantine informed, that from the knowledge collected by the police of Paris, and committee of general safety, from the exchanges made every day at the mint of a quantity of guineas and dollars, it was evident, that foreign powers have numerous agents in the republic, and especially in Paris; he therefore proposed, in the name of the committee, to place at the disposal of the minister of the interior, a sum of 300,000 livres for secret expenses. Referred to the committee of finance. March 23.
A member informed, that as soon as the news of the rebellion in the department of Deux Seures and Vendée reached Bourdeaux, 800 men marched to their relief with 4 pieces of cannon, from that city.
TROUBLES in the DEPARTMENT of VENDÉE. The administrators arrive to give an account of the troubles and devastations in the two departments of Deux Seures and Vendée. It is not, said the orator, mere partial insurrections, it is not a handful of rebels, that the patriots could easily disperse, but real counter-revolutionary armies. They recruited among us, but it appears that they formed themselves in the department of lower Loire. They march in two columns, one towards the district of Challans and that of Sables and the other to Montaigu. Between these two main bodies are others less considerable. One Gaston is the commander in chief. One hundred gallant inhabitants of Fontenay dared to attack at St. Fulgent, 600 of the rebels. They could not be successful, 17 fell on the spot. The city of Chantennay has been attacked, taken and pillaged by the revolutionaries. About this time General Mace arrived at St. Hermand. He attacked the rebels and killed 100 men. The 18th his army rested; the 19th he took a bad position, was attacked and put totally to flight. Our defeat was such that we left 74 or 80 wounded to the mercy of the counter-revolutionists.
The commissioners of the convention have deposed Mace, and appointed Col. Boulard in his stead, who is busy in endeavoring to gather the scattered remains of our army.
Another administrator adds, that numerous rebels have been landed by English privateers; that they consist of emigrants and non-juring priests, who, the crucifix in their hand, inspire with a spirit of fanaticism the unfortunate inhabitants of the country to such a degree, that they, with no other arms than spades and pitchforks, stand the fire of the cannon, and think they attain a place in heaven by dying in such a cause.
The administrators concluded by asking for officers in whom the national guards can confide, muskets, cannon, ammunition, and provisions and succour for 300 families who have lost their chiefs.
On motion, 1,200,000 livres was decreed to the relief of those departments. As to measures of protection, the subject was referred to the committee of naval concerns & general defence
PARIS, March 24. It is worthy of remark, that since the first checks of the French armies, the commissioners of the Temple testify a stronger regard towards their prisoners—It is even said, that some proposals have been hazarded by them, to which the Queen mother replied with her usual dignity, "I will receive no favor from those who have wrested every thing from me."
BOURDEAUX, March 16. Fifty-three recruits were wanted at Libourne, Saint Emilion and the neighboring communes. All the unmarried men in those places assembled at Libourne, and poor as well as rich, refused to draw lots: they all took the oath and resolved to march off in a body. Instead therefore of 53 men which they were to furnish, they are upwards of 800 strong, and are to form a battalion. There is an example for our citizens. This was not known here before last evening.
If the society of the friends of equality continue presenting their gifts, it will produce a very considerable sum. Citizen Burel gave 500 livres; Nerac 1000; Boue 3000, he besides provides three of his nephews on the frontiers. In general every merchant gives from 3 to 500 livres. Besides, great quantities of cloaths, &c. are furnished.
BAYONNE, March 9. Within these few days, two prizes have come in here, one English from the Havannah, laden with tobacco, the other Spanish, laden with indigo.
BREST, March 15. The frigate Thetis, of this port, has sent in two prizes; one laden with wine, and the other with fruit. Arming goes on with the greatest activity. Five vessels are ready to put to sea. Seamen in plenty arrive, all well disposed.
We have heard nothing of the squadron that went out eight days ago; she was to convoy out to some distance the frigate intended for America, and then cruise to protect our commerce.
PETERSBURGH, (Rus.) Feb. 4. Our victorious armies are putting themselves in motion to go against the French regicides. A formidable fleet, commanded by the intrepid admiral Ribas, will immediately pass through the straits of Dardanelles, and proceed to attack Marseilles. The celebrated General Suwarrow will embark on the same fleet, with a body of troops destined to make a descent. Prince Imerette is in full march at the head of 20,000 colbacks and calmoucs, and 5,000 hussars, to join the combined army. They will be followed, as we are assured, by another body of regular troops.
BOSTON, May 8. [The intelligence this day communicated, is extracted from the London Morning Chronicle; a paper universally celebrated for its disinterested support of Republican principles. We hope, therefore, that none of our patrons, like a certain hair-brained politician, will withdraw their names from our catalogue.] Ed. Mass. Mer.
LEYDEN, March 28. A courier who arrived at the Hague on the night between the 26th and 27th, brought certain intelligence, that the French have evacuated Brussels, and that they fell back towards Mons, on the approach of the Imperial army, part of which entered that capital on Sunday the 24th.
HAGUE, March 26. Advice is just received here of a brisk engagement having taken place on the 23d, between the Austrians and the French, at a place near Breibeck, in which the latter were again defeated.
FRANKFORT, March 21. Yesterday Gen. Custine, seconded by Col. Houchard, attacked with 12 battalions of infantry, a battery of cannon, and 20 squadrons, the Prussian Col. Seculi, who had posted
himself near Stromberg, with only 200 infantry and 150 hussars and dragoons. The action continued from 7 o'clock in the morning till one in the afternoon, when Colonel Seculi on account of the great superiority of the enemy, was obliged to retire to Rheimbellen.
The Prussians lost 32 men, the French 300.
LIEGE, March 13. On the 3d and 4th inst. 40 persons were murdered in this city for being Aristocrats. The Jacobins began to think of the bloody scenes of the 10th of August. Seven hundred persons were to have been murdered here; and Commissioners sent from Liege to Maestricht (which the French flattered themselves to take) for the purpose of discovering and murdering all the emigrants from Liege!
LONDON, April 3. Private letters from Constantinople state, that a conspiracy has been detected at the Ottoman Court. The French had, by presents and promises, corrupted the greatest part of the Turkish Ministry, and endeavored to induce them to murder the Grand Signior. Every thing had already been so concerted, that his Sublime Highness was to be strangled, and war declared against Austria and Russia.
The Russian Charge d'Affaires at Constantinople, had the good fortune to discover the whole of the plot, and to give timely notice of it to the Sultan. All the accomplices were instantly strangled, and many Frenchmen, who even had but the remotest concern in it, were declared outlaws, and their property was confiscated. Every assurance of peace and good understanding was then given to our court and to that of Petersburg. The Internuncio, who was about a twelve-month ago at that court, was amongst the conspirators, and has received his due reward.
Every Mail from the Continent now announces the repulse or retreat of the French from some of their conquests in the Netherlands.
On Saturday last they evacuated Ostend. They had remained there to the number of 2000, in order to send off the vessels in the harbor with such stores as they could carry to Dunkirk. The appearance of the squadron, detached by Captain Macbride, put a stop to the execution of this design; two of the British vessels entered the harbor, on the invitation of the inhabitants—and the French marched off in a body to Dunkirk.
Letters from Namur, of March 17, say, that Gen. Beaulieu, who was in Luxembourg, with about 14,000 men, had driven the French from the country between the Sambre and the Meuse, and was on the point of besieging the citadel of Namur; and letters from the Hague of the 30th add, that Namur was taken, and a detachment of the Luxembourg army sent to reinforce the Prince of Saxe-Cobourg, who was advancing to dislodge Dumourier from his post at Halle.
The city of Dantzic, with the unanimous consent of all orders, has formally submitted to the King of Prussia.
The French emigrants now in Spain, are to be employed in the armies and fleets of his Catholic Majesty. In Portugal they enjoy the same confidence.
Government have resolved to grant no further supplies to the French emigrants—but directs that they be formed into regiments, companies, &c.
The merchants of Madrid have voluntarily presented the King of Spain, with a million of piastres, for the expenses of the war.
About twenty large privateers are in a very forward state at Havre-de-Grace. They mount from 18 to 24 guns, and some Irish Adventurers have been noticed as being busy in these equipments.
"At a late hour last night, we received an express from our correspondent at the Hague, dated March 31st, with the agreeable intelligence that Breda and Gertruydenberg have both surrendered. The French soldiers that composed the garrisons of those places have permission to return to France."
"By the same express, we are informed of the final retreat of the French army under Gen. Dumourier, into France, by Valenciennes and Lille without further damage." "Antwerp, Mons, and Namur have all surrendered."
OFFICIAL ACCOUNT, By Field Marshal Prince of Saxe Cobourg, of the further operations of the Austrian Army—March 20.
Lieutenant Field Marshal Benjovsky drove the French from Tirlemont, and pursued them to the distance of a league and a half beyond that town. The enemy covered their retreat with much order and coolness. Exactly at noon our army advanced on the right, and passed Tirlemont. Part of them encamped behind that town, having in their rear the large rivulet of Ghethe, on their centre the causeway which conducts to Louvain the body of reserve on the right, and the village of Hougar behind them.
Col. Baron de Mylius, who was detached from Kempen, with two battalions of the regiment of Wallis, had received orders to dislodge the enemy, on the 20th, from Diest; which he happily executed, and with much skill, as appears by the following account:
"At seven o'clock in the morning, Col. de Mylius attacked Diest, and was at first repulsed; but on the second attack he entered the town on both sides, took 50 prisoners, and seized one cannon besides several carriages. Our loss amounts to 50 men killed or wounded, one of whom is a captain. The enemy having been cut off from the causeway of Louvain, were obliged to retire towards Heeren-thall. On the 21st the army rested."
TIRLEMONT, March 22. At break of day our army marched forward in three columns. The first advanced on the right of the causeway of Louvain, the second on the left, and the third, which formed the van guard, directed its march towards Tourine.
When the second column arrived at the heights, where it was to encamp, it found them occupied by numerous bodies of French cavalry, and the village of Blancken, which was intended to cover their left wing, by a great number of their infantry.
The enemy were attacked on all sides, but they made an obstinate defence, procuring reinforcements, and supplying, by fresh troops, whom they brought from Louvain, and their camp behind that town, those who had been repulsed.
The battle was bloody; our second column lost above 400 men, and the enemy more than 2000. They were, however, overcome by the bravery of the Imperial troops, driven from all their posts, and forced to evacuate the town of Louvain, to quit the rivulet Dyl, & to retire behind Louvain towards Brussels.
The first column fell in, near Belemberg, with a body of the enemy who occupied the heights between that village and Louvain, in order to cover the latter. The enemy defended themselves there for seven hours with the greatest obstinacy, but they were at length overcome and driven beyond the rivulet Dyl.
This battle was still more bloody than that of the second column, and we reckon our loss which is not yet properly ascertained, at more than 5000 men; the enemy lost above 2000. Our column took possession of three cannons and one carriage.
The enemy abandoned at Louvain a considerable magazine. Terror and disorder have again increased among their troops. They have quitted the advantageous post which they occupied on the Iron Mountain, and have encamped before Brussels, between the Canal and the forest of Soignes.
(Signed) SAXE COBOURG.
NEW-YORK, May 13.
Extract of a letter from Amsterdam, to a House in this city, dated April 4th, 1793.
"The French have been driven from our frontiers, and out of Brabant, to their own home.—Great disturbances have broke out in different parts of France."
Extract from the Leyden Courant, dated April 24, 1793.
"It appears from the latest accounts which have been received, that the French in the several engagements from the 15th to the 22d of March, have lost from 40 to 43,000 men; and that they have completely evacuated Brabant."
"Louvain was left by them on the 23d, and on the 24th of March, Brussels, where the Arch Duke Charles of Austria was received on the 25th with emotions of joy."
"Antwerp and its castle were given up to the Austrians by capitulation on the 26th in the evening. It is reported that Bruges has also been abandoned by the French, and that the Austrians have taken possession of Mons, where they have established their head-quarters; Breda & Gertruydenberg being already blocked up, it is expected will under these circumstances not hold out long."
SHIP NEWS.
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