National gazette. (Philadelphia [Pa.]), 1792-09-15 00:00:00

National Gazette.
By P. FRENEAU: Published WEDNESDAYS and SATURDAYS, at THREE DOLLARS per annum.
VOL. I.
SATURDAY, September 15, 1792.
NUMB. 92.
For the NATIONAL GAZETTE.
Mr. FRENEAU,
Please give the following a place in your National Gazette, and oblige a constant reader.
To the Independent Electors of the County of Montgomery.
FRIENDS AND FELLOW CITIZENS,
YOU are now about to be called upon, to exercise one of your most sacred constitutional privileges; that of electing your own representatives in Congress, or to give it up to a set of ignorant arbitrary nabobs, as ever disgraced a country. Can you, my fellow citizens, view with calmness their late proceedings at county and township meetings, without expressing your disapprobation and abhorrence thereof? The first county meeting at Tyson's, (Edward Shippen jun. in the chair) was called in a clandestine manner by private letters directed to none but the well-born junto; they, indeed, attempted to seduce your honest senator to join them in their diabolical proceedings, but he is too good a friend to the rights of man, to do any thing that has a tendency, to destroy the right of free elections. This meeting consisted of the chairman, the recorder of the county, and his clerk, Mr. Wh.....r, their magpye Secretary, and three of their laquies. These few would-be-nabobs hatched the infamous plan of recommending township meetings to elect committees to meet at Tyson's the 20th of August, to chuse conferees to meet at Lancaster, to elect electors and fix a ticket for Representatives in the Congress of the United States. Some few individuals in different townships that were under the influence of the nabobs or their tools, met, & sent forward committees, some of which were voted by three persons only; eleven committees thus chosen, met, (out of 28 which the county consists of, Jonathan Roberts in the chair) and voted as if they were a majority, conferees to go to Lancaster, and recommended township meetings on the 22d, to meet at their respective places of choosing township officers, there to chuse three persons to attend a general county meeting to be held at John Wentz's the 29th, to fix a ticket for representatives in assembly &c. for said county, at the ensuing election.
Can you, my fellow citizens, suffer yourselves to be duped and led by the nose by such a set of wou'd bee's, the profest tools of your lordly and arbitrary Pro--y? let me ask you, do you mean to resign your liberties into the hands of three base usurpers, and thereby establish aristocracy, or do you mean to hand down to posterity the invaluable privileges which God and nature have given you, inviolate? If the latter, unite as a band of brothers, to defeat the wicked machinations of this self created junto, and by every constitutional means in your power, counteract, and expose them in the light they deserve. I would ask you where some of these well born skulked, from the year 1776 to 1780? were they seen at county meetings forming committees to save the liberties of their country, and repel the forces of an insulting and victorious foe? No! They were secretly exulting at their success, and exclaiming against those firm patriots, who had spirit to serve their country faithfully. But now with the most consummate impudence they come forward and tell you as plain as language can express, that you, do not know how to make use of your liberties you must and shall (we will even compel you, say they, to) delegate them to us. And will you my friends and fellow citizens suffer yourselves to be duped and dictated to by this junto of self created, aristocratical nabobs, or will you with manly firmness, shew them at the county meetings, and at the ensuing election that you are determined to be free?
AN INDEPENDENT FARMER. Montgomery County Sep. 10, 1792
[From the VIRGINIA GAZETTE.]
To Mr. HENRY BANKS.
Sir,
IN a free country, every citizen shares in the reputation and the well being of the government and is at liberty to remonstrate against such public acts as are injurious to the interests of the people—dangerous to their liberties—or derogatory to the honour of the nation. In the character of a man who is anxious for the prosperity of his country, you have addressed your fellow citizens on an important occasion—predicted the fatal consequences of some acts of the general government—and stepped forth as the champion of American liberty and happiness. In the exercise of this right you should be careful that you do not injure the cause you espouse. There may be men in Virginia as well as myself, who are citizens, and as yet strangers to its constitution; you should therefore support your assertions by mentioning facts, or illustrate them by argument. To convince me of the necessity of revising our constitution you must shew in what respect our present system of government is not congenial with republican principles—you must convince me that we are deprived of that inestimable blessing a free representation—assertions alone will not do it. The voice of the people ought ever to be the voice of a free government; when this is not the case liberty is endangered—By a numerous and an equal representation alone, the evil can be rectified, and if it exists, our state constitution ought, and I trust, will be changed.
I am equally alarmed with yourself, at the proceedings of the federal government; and here, I fear, neither the voice of the people is attended to, or their interests consulted. The rulers appear to me to possess a quite different interest from that of the people; if this be the case, (and I fear I am not deceived) tyranny must inevitably ensue. The evils we suffer from the general government, have become insupportable, an excise is laid, an iniquitous and oppressive tax; oppressive, because it is a tax on labour; and iniquitous, because it is a partial one; a funding system is established, calculated to enrich a few speculators on the small pittance of the soldier, who had a right to expect from Congress some sympathy, and from whose supposed integrity he could apprehend no wrong. An assumption of the state debts has taken place, an unjust law, as the remonstrance of the Virginia Assembly will evince. Liberty dwells not in that country, where an excise is suffered; where a national debt is looked upon as a national blessing,—and where the liberty of the press is restricted; our taxes have now become burthensome and rendered perpetual; notwithstanding this, were the causes which produced them just, there is too much virtue in Americans to complain: submission, however, to wicked and unjust laws, does not prove a right to pass them; of two evils it is most advisable to choose the least. Submission is sometimes a lesser evil than opposition; but when our submission is inconsistent with the liberty and interest of the country, our duty commands us to oppose. In such a situation, the conduct of a people ought to be influenced by a regard for their freedom and happiness. The experience of every country clearly demonstrates, that arbitrary power once established, even over the bravest of nations they quickly degenerate into mean and wretched slaves.
AMERICANUS.
*See National Gazette, No. 84.
AT a General Meeting of the inhabitants of Montgomery county, agreeable to public notice given, at the house of Edward Parker, Perkiomin creek, on Saturday the 8th of September 1792, John Richards, Esq. in the chair, after
due deliberation and debate the following resolves were agreed to and ordered to be published, viz.
1st. That in the opinion of this meeting the inhabitants of the county who formed a meeting at Archibald Darrah's tavern, on the 30th day of last month, Benjamin Rittenhouse, Esq. in the chair, acted with a spirit becoming free citizens, in censuring the proceedings of a former meeting, held at Joseph Tyson's the 20th day of said month, Jonathan Roberts, Esq. in the chair; because they were of an alarming nature, and conducted by a meeting too thin and partial for any important business.
2d. That the proceedings of the aforesaid meeting, which were read to us, were proper and necessary to warn the inhabitants of the county against dangerous encroachments made upon their rights as freemen, by the aforesaid thin and partial meeting, who assumed to themselves the privilege of chusing conferees to meet a committee of conference at Lancaster, and undertook to publish their proceedings as an act of the freemen of the county, before they obtained the consent of a majority thereof, or even a respectable meeting of the inhabitants, as to numbers.
3d. That in the opinion of this meeting no conferees ought to be chosen, but a nomination of members for Congress, and electors for a President and Vice-President of the United States, be entered into immediately and published for the consideration of the inhabitants of the county.
The following names were then agreed to for Representatives in Congress, viz.
Peter Muhlenberg, Charles Thompson, William Findley, F. A. Muhlenberg, Albert Gallatin, James Ross, of Washington, James Hutchinson, Daniel Heister, John Smiley, Jared Ingersol, John W. Kittera, William Montgomery, Mark Wilcox.
Electors for the President and Vice-President of the United States.
Thomas M c Kean, Samuel Potts, David Rittenhouse, Henry Miller, John Arndt, John Montgomery, Benjamin Rittenhouse, Alexander Addison, William A. Atlee, Samuel Miles, Gen. Wincoop, Thomas Proctor, Joseph Heister, Jon. B. Smith, George Wood, Jun.
By order of the meeting,
JOHN RICHARDS, Chairman
Attest. JOHN CAUFFMAN, Sec.
FOREIGN AFFAIRS.
The following Address was circulated among the troops of France from the Princes of Conde and D'Artois; inviting them to quit the standard of the National Assembly, and join the emigrated French troops in the Netherlands.
BRAVE Soldiers! The moment is now arrived when the king's troops, faithful to God and to the oath they have voluntarily taken to obey no one except the king, may, guided by honor, fly to the standard of the French princes, and quit that of those rebels, who have during three years held your king a captive, who have covered France with crimes and ruins, who have rendered the French name odious to all Europe, and have shaken your fidelity. Recover the character of French soldiers, formerly so dreaded by our enemies, and now vilified and despised since they have forsaken the paths of honor. Harken, dear comrades! to the voice of your chiefs, to the voice of your king's brothers, to the voice of that Conde, who has covered you with glory at Landevort, and at Friedberg—to the voice of Marshal le Broglie, whom you used to call your father, the conqueror of Sanderhausen and Bergheim, who invites you to join him in retrieving the French honor, stained by your error still more than by the crimes of your seducers.
His Apostolic majesty the king of Hungary and Bohemia, gives you leave to come
into his territories. Your arms shall be sent to me, and I will again deliver them to you in your respective cantonments. You shall act under French generals, under the brothers of your king, to whom alone during the king's imprisonment, you owe fealty and obedience. You shall receive the same pay that you had in France and you will return to your country to restore your king to his throne, and deliver him from his tyrant re-establish the religion of your ancestors.
Already the regiments of Berchiny, Saxe, and Royal Allemande, have set you the example. Come, my comrades! and remember that I have acted with you during the seven years war. I am known to many among you, and they know that I am incapable of deceiving them. How happy should I be to prefer you with Henry IV's plume of feathers!
(Signed Le Marquis DE LA QUEUILLE, Marechal des Camps, and of the armies of the King and Adjutant General to Monseigneur Count d'Artois Commissary for the Princes and the French nobility in the Low Countries. June 5.
P S I approve the contents of the present address, and acknowledge no other as coming from me. By order of the Princes.
London, July 26. To suffer Poland to be over-run and reduced to a state of the most abject dependence on Russia, or a new partition of it by its three powerful neighbours, is contrary to all that has ever yet been contended for by the men of the sword on the balance of power; to suffer Austria to gain any accession of territory at the expence of France, is equally contrary to the same system; and in aiding the views of Austria, or conniving at those of Russia, Prussia seems to be acting equally against her own interest as formerly understood, and to be strengthening the hands of a rival.
The probable result of these extraordinary combinations will be, either that the designs of the three great military powers, now apparently acting in concert, will be frustrated by their mutual jealousies, and the recurrence of Prussia, to former principles of action; or that the other powers of Europe, particularly Great-Britain and Spain, who cannot see with indifference any material change in the political division of Europe, will interpose with their mediation, and put an end to the mischievous career of ambition and bloodshed.
An immense tract of land situated in Pennsylvania, has lately been sold by Mr. Morris, of Philadelphia, partly in Holland and partly in England. Mr. Pulteney, of Piccadilly, has speculated in this land to the amount of nearly 100,000 and it is his plan to invite settlers to live upon it, rent free, for five years; for which term he expects it will be worth their while to put it into a state of cultivation; and that they will afterwards be induced to make purchases at an advanced price, by raising the money on mortgage and otherwise, rather than quit it.
It appears to have been a misstatement in the public prints, which represented that the States General had signified a disposition to join the cause of Austria and Prussia against France, and that in this the province of Holland stood most forward: on the contrary, the prevailing politics of that province are more disaffected towards the existing government of the states, than those of any other. Hence we may conclude, that the will of that quarter would rather be in favour of the French, however, the fact seems to be, that the stadtholder and his friends have no design to concern themselves at all in the affairs of France, but unite in sentiment with England, and preserve a strict and honorable neutrality; at the same time, this conduct will best answer the purpose of their own internal

SEPTEMBER 15, 1792.
politics, as, to keep the disaffected in Holland in awe, requires all the vigilance of government.
The Queen of France, though at the eve of every misfortune, which she has not already experienced, is as gentle and patient as ever: she does not allow a sigh to escape from her bosom. A few days back, as her Majesty was conversing at one of the palace windows with one of the ladies in Waiting, whom adversity could not banish from her, a mob gathered round, and uttered expressions extremely injurious to the unfortunate, ill-fated princess; the queen, without appearing affected, gently pushed the shutter to, and continued the conversation as before; the ladies unable to resist a trait of such heroism, melted into tears.
Her majesty lately presented her picture to a favourite lady; she is represented in it with the alterations caused by her misfortunes; the colour of her hair is changed; under the portrait is this true, though singular inscription— Malheur l'aidera! Sorrow has made me grey.
The king, who knows his fate, waits for it unmoved; but he is wretched on account of his royal consort and lovely children. His majesty was blooded on Thursday.
The Dauphin's little countenance has undergone a great alteration too; he was accustomed to run about; now the sight of pikes deters him from that exercise so necessary for his health, and so natural to a child of his tender years.
WARSAW, June 9.
OUR court has demanded the mediation of the king of Prussia and the king of Hungary, with the Russian court, in behalf of Poland, but without effect; both courts having absolutely refused to take any part in such a step—on the contrary, they have both given their advice to the Polish republic to abandon its new constitution, and assemble a diet for the purpose of re-adopting the old constitution, being the only means (say they) now left to conciliate the Empress, and prevent the evils that threaten us. We can promise ourselves nothing from the court of Vienna, considering the ancient connection between them and Prussia. Being thus left to ourselves and our own strength, depending upon the justice of our cause, the utmost energy of the nation will be exerted, as our motives are the purest that can inspire the human breast.
BRUSSELS, June 24.
The early successes of the Austrian arms, put our troops in high spirits, but within a few days events have considerably changed, and the tide of fortune seems to have turned in favour of the French. It was more to the want of discipline among the French troops than cowardice, that their misfortunes on the 29th and 30th of April are to be attributed. Since subordination has been established amongst them, and confidence in their generals has taken place, it is visible that their manner of fighting has been wholly changed. On the 17th of June a vast body of them entered our territories on the side of Flanders, and on the same day possessed themselves of Menin and Ypres, where were garrisoned some Tyrolese chasseurs, who retired at their approach, so that both places were gained without a shot.
When Ankarstrom was just about to receive the coup de grace after his three floggings, and after his right hand was cut off, he exerted all his remaining strength, and addressing himself to the surrounding multitude, he said, "I now touch the minute of deliverance, and of everlasting reward. I rejoice in my deed—I have rescued my country from a tyrant by the only means left to slaves—I know that you will bless me for the act, and my memory will be favoured in Sweden. Let your gratitude to me be shown in kindness to my children."
The ill-fated kingdom of Poland seems destined at all times to fates the rapacious cruelty of its neighbours, and to experience a depredation unprovoked by any offence. It has scarcely yet recovered from the very singular species of oppression which it experienced in the year 1770, from Prussia, its present faithless ally. Every town and village of Poland was at that time compelled to furnish a certain number of marriageable girls, with household necessaries, and to each three ducats of gold as a portion. These wretched brides were sent to stock the Prussian dominions. Obligated to abandon their parents, their country, their friends and their religion, they were transported to an unknown country, married to men whom they never saw, and doomed to live in mutual hatred with a people, whose language they could not understand!
The number of Russians who have entered the Polish territory augments every day, as fresh detachments are continually sent for that service. It is, no doubt, the intentions of the Empress to overrun the country by the number of her troops. The Polish army, which at present amounts to
100,000 effective men, keep close together; they have suffered nothing by defecation; the citizens and soldiers all display the same ardour and unanimity. Patriotic gifts pour in from every quarter.
The regent of Sweden, though he has declined taking an effective part in the combination against France, has not yet thought it prudent, in consequence of the treaty entered into between the Empress and the late king, formally to acknowledge the French constitution. The order still remains not to receive the French flag, and the envoy of France has not been yet publicly presented.
PARIS, July 17.
M. La Fayette has, by his departure from Paris, confirmed the good opinion which the true friends of the constitution entertain of him, for though they acknowledge the necessity of a strong step, they did not admire the measure of a General's dictating to the legislative body. His continuance in Paris, even without followers, would have been considered as an attempt to intimidate, from the influence which he had over the national guard, and therefore his return to the army is auspicious to the true march of the constitution. The Assembly will now deliberate on his proposition, without being overawed, and it is to be hoped that such a check will be given to the republican societies as will restore vigor and tone to government.
The conduct of the king on the 20th June has done more to invigorate the constitution than all the acts of the present legislature put together. It pronounced him to be truly animated by the principles of the new system, and sincerely anxious for its establishment. For if he had been desirous of confirming and making manifest all the assertions of the emigrant French, and of the united courts, he would have yielded to the torrent that assailed him—he would, when called upon by an armed banditti, have granted all that they demanded—withdrawn his veto—recalled the Jacobin ministers—and complied with every other mandate. This would have been the true political course for his majesty to have pursued, if he had wished to declare to all Europe that he was not free, and that in secret he sighed for the return of the ancient order of things.
Instead of this he manfully supported his royal dignity—resisted the unconstitutional demand—and in thus maintaining his own branch of the new constitution, pronounced in the most unequivocal tone, his love and respect for the whole.
It is so considered by every sensible friend to the new constitution; and accordingly declarations from all quarters are coming up to the Assembly. The petition of the active citizens of Paris is already signed by many thousands, and there is no doubt but the emigrants will be depressed as much as the Jacobins, who have been hitherto their best friends.
It would be wrong, however, to imagine that the true friends of the constitution wish to extirpate the clubs. No such thing is meant. They know their obligations to the clubs; they know that they have been the great source of national knowledge; for in the societies, the acts of the Assembly were made a series of political instruction, beginning with the declaration of the rights of man, and following the course of the national proceedings, every principle was explained, every decree was promulgated, and men who could not read were found to listen, and learn their social rights, and their duties. The public mind, thus generally illuminated by these societies, was again expressed by the same organ—and thus the irresistible voice of the nation resounded from all parts of the immense empire with the velocity of an electrical explosion. In England they would be astonished at the rapid sense of the people here on every question, for even to this day they have no effectual means of making certainly known to the people of Great-Britain the statutes by which they are to be bound. Poor illiterate persons, though they are left to grope out their duties without light or guide, are not to be excused committing any of the trespasses from ignorance, although could not warn them on the subject, for almost all the race of English revenue penalties, must be abandoned by reason. But here it is not possible for a man to be ignorant of any law, and to these societies as much as to the means established by the constitution, they are indebted for this great good. To maintain these social connexions is therefore the desire of every man; it is only wished that the hot and inflammatory spirits may be taught that they shall not with impunity turn them into armed corporations, and excite them to rise up against the authorities constituted by law.
At no moment since the decision of the great question, whether France should be an hereditary monarchy or a republic, has the public mind been so convulsed as now. The Jacobins have utterly, and I dreadfully, stifled the voice of all constitutional men; and a total suspension in public office has, of course, taken place. Instead of stemming the torrent, which the rebels on the frontiers are just preparing to bear down upon their devoted country, those hot and intemperate men are employed only in denunciations, in incendiary motions, and in schemes of vengeance and blood.
The Christian Indian congregation who were settled near the Schuylkill, and afterwards at Muskungum, after suffering much uneasiness of mind from the jealousies and suspicions of the various nations of wild Indians in the vicinity of, and at enmity with, the United States, agreed in April last to remove to Retrench River, which empties itself above Detroit in Lake St. Clair. By accounts from this religious congregation (who, in respect to war are Quakers in principle) their troubles have been chiefly owing to a demand made upon them by the wild Indians to become a party in the general league against the United States, in which they have declared they will not join, or have any thing to do.
"The Indian nations (says an authentic narrative from that quarter) were never so unanimous in all their wars before; every one that has a brown skin will assist to defend his country, and every Indian is forced to appear whenever it comes to a battle. When the several hostile nations of Indians insisted upon the Christian Indians joining them in war, colonel Joseph Brandt, a Mohawk, made the following address to the council: "Why should we force the believing Indians to join in the war?—there are even enough without them, who do it willingly—What! could a handful of believing Indians help us much in war?—they have something else wherewith they are occupied, of which we know nothing. They have the word of God, and will live and do according to that: let them act thereby, and do not disturb them; they are in the right way, and have chosen the better part: it is to be wished that we all together would make this our chief concern. Look out a place for them where they can be for themselves—the time may come that we shall be in distress, and shall not know whither we shall bring our wives and children in safety. If the believing Indians have a safe place, we can in time of need take our refuge with them; they would at least leave a place for our women and children near them, where they could plant and preserve their lives."
The two grand canals which are to connect the Delaware, Schuylkill and Schuylkill together, will be begun this fall. These canals will furnish employment for several years to many hundred labourers. They will double the value of all the lands on those rivers in Pennsylvania. They will encrease the commerce and wealth of the city of Philadelphia; and lastly, they will encrease the population of this state, by giving to the support of human beings the immense quantity of provisions which are now consumed in feeding waggon-horses.
The small-pox by some unknown means having been introduced into Boston, and its progress found impossible to be arrested, the inhabitants have agreed upon a general inoculation: in consequence of this determination upwards of eight thousand persons were inoculated the latter end of August and beginning of September.
The latest advices from Hispaniola confirm the former accounts of a treaty of peace having taken place between the whites and the mulattoes. The negroes, however, still continued in open rebellion, particularly on the north side of the island, and seemed determined never to be reduced to their former state of subjection. A small fort had been stormed by them near Aux Cayes, and the garrison put to the sword, except a very few who had the good fortune to escape.
On Saturday last arrived here the ship Canton, capt. McKee, from Newry, with 260 passengers, all in good health. This ship had 61 days passage, during which two children died and two were born. Also arrived, the ship Alexander, from Killybegs, with 257 passengers: this ship had 52 days passage.
Extract from Mr. Paine's letter to Lord Onslow (dated June 21) on his attempting to influence the county of Surrey to address the king, and express their approbation of the late proclamation to suppress seditious writings, &c.
"When it was reported in the English newspapers, some short time since, that the Empress of Russia, had given to one of her minions a large tract of country, and several thousand peasants as property, it very justly provoked indignation and abhorrence in those who heard it. But if we compare the mode practised in England, with that which appears to us so abhorrent in Russia, it will be found to amount to very near the same thing;—for example—"
"As the whole of the revenue in England is drawn by taxes from the pockets of the people, those things called gifts and grants, (of which kind are all pensions and sinecure places) are paid out of that stock. The difference, therefore, between the two modes is, that in England the money is collected by the government and then given to the pensioner, and in Russia he is left to call for it himself. The smallest sum which the poorest family in a county so near London as Surrey, can be supposed to pay annually of taxes, is not less than
five pounds; and as your sinecure of one thousand, and pension of three thousand per annum, are made up of taxes paid by eight hundred such poor families, it comes to the same thing as if the eight hundred families had been given to you, as in Russia, and you had collected the money on your own account. Were you to say that you are not quartered particularly on the people of Surrey, but on the nation at large, the objection would amount to nothing; for as there are more pensioners than counties, every one may be considered as quartered on that in which he lives."
What honor or happiness you can derive from being the principal pauper* of the neighbourhood, and occasioning a greater expense than the poor, the aged, and the infirm, for ten miles round you, I leave you to enjoy. At the same time I can see that it is no wonder you should be strenuous in suppressing a book which strikes at the root of those abuses. No wonder that you should be against Reforms, against the freedom of the Press, and the Right of investigation. To you and to others of your description, these are dreadful things: but you should also consider, that the motives which prompt you to act, ought, by reflection to compel you to be silent."
* Lord Onslow is a Bedchamber-Lord at a thousand a year, and a pensioner at 3000. a year more.
Concise view of the most material foreign intelligence by the Adriana, William Penn, and other vessels lately arrived from Europe at this port and New-York.
The Elector of Saxony has done his utmost to prevent the kings of Prussia and Austria from intermeddling in the affairs of Poland, but without success; a league having been entered into between Russia, Prussia, and Austria, whereby they engage by a union of force to take possession of Poland, form it into four partitions, three of which to be appropriated respectively to those three powers, and the fourth to be given to his present majesty, and after his death to his nephew, under the title of an hereditary Duchy.—The French army having taken several places in the Austrian Low Countries, had evacuated them and retreated to the frontier line, where they remained on the defensive, which it was thought would be the future complexion of the war on the part of France.—The queen of Portugal had not yet received any permanent benefit from the endeavors of doctor Willis, but remained, as usual, very much shattered in her intellects, and only rational on particular subjects.—Peace had been made between lord Cornwallis and Tippoo Saib, the latter having surrendered one half of his territories for the preservation of the other, and given his two sons as hostages for the performance of the conditions on his part.—On the 10th of July a battle was fought between a body of the Polish and Russian forces. The latter were obliged to retire with the loss of 150 men left dead on the field.—On the 11th there was another engagement, in which the Poles were surrounded by the Russians, but made a retreat by dint of their artillery, with some loss, although great numbers were slain on the Russian side by the well directed fire of the artillery.—The king of England had declined mediating with the powers on the continent leagued against France, but promised for his own part to observe the strictest neutrality.—It was thought not improbable that the Marquis de la Fayette would march his forces immediately to Paris, and that he would either there resign the command, or declare himself, at their head, the enemy of the late legislative proceedings: it was thought by some that he had much too soon declared himself the enemy of clubs.—It was said that Holland had determined to take part in the war against France, in concert with Austria and Prussia: the prospect of anarchy in Paris had induced the province of Holland to this resolution, which it was feared by the friends of the French cause would extend to the other provinces of the Dutch Netherlands: the defensive plan, however, which the French have since adopted, was not then known: this alteration in the French war system may therefore prevent the intended alliance.—The Empress of Russia had formally discharged all Frenchmen from her dominions, not looking upon her government or herself safe while one of that nation remained in her territories.—A peace had been concluded between the Swedes and Algerines, by which is secured to the Swedish commerce the free navigation of the Mediterranean.—The most impartial English papers state the success of the British arms in the East Indies to have been brilliant and decisive, but the advantages greatly over-rated: Tippoo has indeed surrendered half his dominions to save the other half, but they are said to be generally barren and mountainous, and his whole yearly revenue not to exceed two millions and an half sterling annually.—The French emigrants at Coblenz had published an appeal, in which they invite all persons of character to contribute in proportion to their fortune and their honour to the re-establishment of the French monarchy.—The celebration of the fourteenth of July at Paris, passed over without any dangerous consequences, as had been apprehended by the aristocrats and fanatics; "and all would be perfect quiet in France (says one of their gazettes) were it not for the diabolical conspiracy of the despotic powers, those friends of infamy, of rapine, and of blood, who make wars abroad to be predatory with taxes at home!"—Lord Cornwallis, having concluded the war in

India, was, by the last accounts, preparing to proceed to Bengal, from whence he was to embark for England with all possible expedition; to be succeeded in chief command by general Abercrombie.---Instead of India flocking in London at the news of peace with Tippoo, it immediately fell 6 per cent. The nation had set their hearts upon Seringapatam, and peace being made without this important capture, bred a secret disgust: monied men began to see that the principal advantage of the peace with Tippoo was the getting rid of an impolitic war: the whole advantages were greatly inadequate to the expense; hence the fall of India stock.---The present aspect of Europe was thought to be such as to confound all reasoning on any of the principles formerly admitted as axioms in politics:
"to suffer Poland to be overrun and reduced to a state of the most abject dependence on Russia, or a new partition of it by its three powerful neighbours, is contrary to all that has ever yet been contended for by the pen or the sword on the balance of power; to suffer Austria to gain any accession of territory at the expence of France, is equally contrary to the same system; and in aiding the views of Austria, or conniving at those of Russia, Prussia seems to be acting equally against her own interest, as formerly understood, and to be strengthening the hands of a rival." The probable result of those extraordinary combinations, it was thought, would be, either that the designs of the great military powers, now apparently acting in concert, would be frustrated by their mutual jealousies, and the recurrence of Prussia to former principles of action; or that the other powers of Europe, particularly Great Britain and Spain, who cannot see with indifference any material change in the political division of Europe, would interpose with their mediation, and put an end to the mischievous career of ambition and bloodshed.---On the 15th of July the celebrated Paul Jones died at Paris. On the day following the National Assembly sent a deputation to attend his funeral. It was objected that he was a Calvinist, but the objection was overruled.---The situation of France with respect to foreign powers as represented by their own minister, is by no means favourable. Prussia and Austria are in arms against her; the majority of the petty states of Germany waiting only for an assurance of protection to declare open hostilities: Russia avowedly hostile, but too intent on the subjugation of Poland to furnish men, ships, or money, till that object be accomplished: Sweden and Denmark neutral; Sardinia armed, watching the motions of the French armies, and certainly hostile on the first prospect of the success of the combined despotic forces: Venice, an armed neutrality, with a fleet to defend the entrance of the Adriatic, which is in fact protecting the Austrian ports of Fiume and Triest from any attack by France: Genoa, Florence and Malta neutral: Spain, refusing to accede to the royal concert, but not expected to furnish the succours due to France as her ally: The Swiss cantons divided in opinion, but the majority inclined to neutrality: Great-Britain neutral, from the general sense of the nation; the government and court less favorably disposed: The United Dutch provinces neutral hitherto, but will probably furnish secret aid to Austria and Prussia: The United States of America friendly and grateful, but only capable of furnishing relief to the West-India French colonies: Poland embarked strongly in the cause of France, but scarcely able to defend herself: Turkey, the ancient ally of Poland, and the ally of France for two centuries, lately too much neglected, but still capable of being roused to act against Austria and Russia. One of the assassins of Count Dilton had been executed at Lille on the 13th of July. The expences of Lord Macartney's splendid embassy to China was estimated at 200,000. sterling, half to be paid by the East-India company, and half by the British government.
It is mentioned in a London paper, under the Paris head, that "The celebrated PAUL JONES died in Paris about the middle of July, in the utmost poverty. A Col. Blackden was obliged to raise a small sum of money by way of subscription, in order to bury him." Should this be true, there is only one way of accounting for such a strange event of fortune, by supposing this celebrated character had made himself obnoxious to the popular party in Paris, by siding in sentiment with the aristocratic faction.
By the last accounts from Sierra Leona, in Africa, the negro colony that have been transported from Great-Britain and America to that place, amounted in number to upwards of fifteen hundred. They were in tolerable good health, considering the insalubrity of the climate, and busily employed in clearing land and building houses. The cultivation of the sugar cane is said to be one of their first objects in view; in which, if they succeed, it is not improbable that Africa may in time furnish sugar to the world in abundance, instead of miserable slaves to cultivate it in that hell of the negroes, the West-India islands.
Early died at Lancaster, in England, Mrs Ann Gillson, a maiden lady, aged seventy-two years. She has left 1600. sterling to build and endow houses for eight distressed old maids.
On Wednesday last arrived here from Killebegs (Not Ireland) the ship Minerva, Capt. Wood, with nearly 400 passengers.
The Elector of Saxony is said (in the London papers) to have joined the league against France, and furnished the allied powers with twenty-four thousand auxiliary troops.
About 100 Indians lately made an attack on Gallipolis, a French settlement on the Ohio, opposite the mouth of the Great Kanahwa, which continued for some time. The Indians after destroying the standing corn, killing four or five persons, and doing other mischief, retreated---About the same time two young women named Morris, of Kanahwa county, were killed.
[Virginia Gazette.]
Mr. Paine's first part of the Rights of Man has lately been re-published in London, under his direction, at a low price, for the benefit of the poorer class of readers, viz. at 30s. per hundred, which is less than 4d. each, and sold singly at six-pence. The work had already produced one thousand pounds profit, of which money Mr. Paine has made the society for constitutional information the trustees, to apply it to such purposes as they shall see proper.
"Russia, Spain, Portugal, and all ancient monarchies, are wading through infinite evils, miseries and disgrace, by their resisting a salutary reform! The moment they could give up lucre, lust of dominion, and a war system, a new creation will arise forthwith; man would cease to be a wolf---the lamb would not fear the lion, nor the lion the lamb---man would become the true friend, and not the avowed enemy of his own flesh."
On Tuesday last a young man was committed to the jail of this city on suspicion of his having been concerned in the murder of Elizabeth Reeves. [See National Gaz. of August 18.]
The constitutional society, in England, have opened a subscription for paying the expences of Mr. Paine's defence against the pending prosecution. They have also ordered that twelve thousand copies of his letter to Mr. Secretary Dundas be printed and sent to their correspondents.
The famous George Barrington, (the noted gentleman pickpocket, who so long infested his native city London, and whose oratorial abilities at the bar so often saved him from an ignominious death, but whose crimes at length doomed him to perpetual banishment at Botany Bay) was some time ago appointed by governor Phillips high constable at Paramatta, a new settlement about fourteen miles from Sidney Cove, in which, (say the English papers) he conducts himself with great propriety, and distributes justice in the most impartial manner, discovering in his decisions singular abilities and humanity."
We learn that an attempt is now making to render the north branch of the river Potomack navigable for boats, from Fort-Cumberland to Old-town. That the work is carried on under the inspection of Capt. Thomas Beall, who has sixty hands constantly employed, and when completed, boats will produce canoes from Fort-Cumberland to George-town.
On Monday the 3d of September, (says an Albany paper) the commissioners for making roads and bridges in the western district are to meet in this city, and on Tuesday proceed to explore the Mohawk river, below the Cohoes, for a suitable place to build a bridge across that river, and are to be accompanied by Mr. Beardsey, the celebrated bridge-builder, who built Chace's bridge, and one across the Mohawk river, at the Little falls---and on Wednesday they proceed to explore the country, for a road and bridges, from Albany westward---to begin at the house of Isaac Truax, junior, and continue through Duaneburgh to Cherry Valley, and from thence to the outlet of Lake Otsego, which will shorten the route to that place about twenty miles. These two objects of the law, if effected, must prove highly pleasing to every class of citizens in this district.
A gentleman who was lately in Shelburne, Nova-Scotia, informs, that there are upwards of three hundred very elegant built houses in that place unoccupied.---Those houses were chiefly built by the loyalists, who left New-York in consequence of the impolitic measures adopted by that state in the year 1783,---when so much money was carried away by those persons, under the harsh denomination of refugees, and who would have gladly remained to expend their money in New-York, had they not been alarmed, and, in fact, forced away. The reason alleged for so many houses being empty at Shelburne, is, that the climate and soil of Nova-Scotia is deemed altogether hostile to the constitutions of human beings, who were certainly never intended, agreeably to the scale of nature, to inhabit unfruitful rocks and barren earth.
"We are now and then, (says a writer in a daily paper of last week) told of new loans made, for the United States, in Holland, or from the Bank; and the facility with which these loans are made, as well as the loans themselves, are cited as proofs of public credit; whereas, unless applied to pay off other debts, they ought rather to lessen the credit in proportion as the sum owing is increased. The truth is, public
credit, like every thing else, has its good and its evil: let it be our study to secure the one and to avoid the other. The good of public credit consists, in the settled order it supposes of payment of the debts of the state, whereby its creditors are benefited, but the evil consists (and a very formidable one it has proved in other countries old in the science) in that it administers to the officer at the head of the treasury, an easy facility to borrow; this is connected with a constant readiness in the government of a country to enter into any war or adventure, however absurd in itself and destructive to the human race; where the head of the treasury can easily obtain the necessary loans; these again are never paid off nor meant to be, but are only to be put on interest, and taxes imposed on the people in the most plausible and least obnoxious manner, to raise the sums necessary to pay that interest; such has been the history of public credit in England, and such it will be here, unless guarded against by a vigilance on the part of the people, almost beyond what it is to be expected they will exert. In such a state of things, public credit means public taxes, the more debt, the more imposts; and unfortunately, should there come into government, men, admirers of the system, fond of proving to their constituents the excellence of their credit, by the free use they make of it; such men will be for war, because war of any kind creates debt, debt creates taxes, taxes create offices and officers, and so it goes on till the poor are saddled, as in England, with unsupportable burthens, contributing to the enriching and aggrandizing only of a few; hence, you will see in their papers on the one side, the queen ornamented at a ball, with a dress and jewels worth 100 000 guineas, and on the other, misery and wretchedness among the common people, and reducing many of them to want the necessaries of life: in one part of the picture, you behold the splendor of opulence existing in the castles of the noble and the affluent; in the other, the wretched peasantry abandoning the country---here, a poet laureat singing his birth-day ode, and there a Goldsmith lamenting over his deserted village."
The army of the United States, now at Pittsburg, consists of one thousand infantry, four hundred riflemen, and two hundred light horse, under the command of General Wayne. They were expected to go down the river about the middle of September, if not delayed by the lowness of the waters.
On the 9th inst. the ship Britannia arrived at New-York, in 37 days from Glasgow. This vessel brings European accounts to the last of July.
Letters from Georgia represent the peace between the United States and the Creek Indians to be upon a very precarious footing. "It is apprehended the Spaniards have been but too successful in sowing prejudices to the disadvantage of the United States, and it is even said that Gen. M c Gillivray has been incessantly assailed from that, and perhaps another quarter, to break with us. Should the strength of the Creeks be joined to the general Indian league that seems to be forming against us, from an apprehension that their country is in danger, the consequences may prove seriously distressing to the whole frontier; and it may be found, perhaps too late, that regular armies are by no means calculated to repress Indian aggressions."
It is mentioned with confidence in a late English paper, that there is every reason to suppose Lord Cornwallis's soldiers in India, after all his promises of independence and reward, will not share twenty pounds a man, the pitiful compensation of their long and laborious services.
On the 12th of July an address from the community of Marieilles was presented to the French National Assembly, demanding the abrogation of the law which declares the crown hereditary in the family of Bourbon.
A gentleman lately from Paris informs, that the affairs in France wear not so gloomy an aspect as is held forth by many of the British prints. Trade and manufactures were continued with their original vigor, and the populace seemed to enjoy a state of peace and tranquility.
About the first instant, three soldiers belonging to the Federal Army, under General Wayne, were shot on the commons near Pittsburg, for desertion.---Several additional detachments of troops had reached Pittsburg when the last accounts came away.
On the 28th of August was held the Anniversary Commencement at Dartmouth college, in N. Hampshire, when a number of degrees were conferred in the arts, medicine, and divinity. At the commencement was present the Indian chief Onondoyo, of the Oneida nation, who expressed his great approbation of the various exercises. The President made him a handsome address in the name of the trustees, which was returned by the chief after the manner of his nation, with few words of advice to the youth who had just taken their degrees, and were preparing to enter upon the world.
The English ministerial prints are uniform in representing the affairs of France to be in the last stage of desperate situation,
the nation torn by intestine divisions, and upon the point of becoming a prey to anarchy within, and the combined and emigrated forces without. French papers, particularly the Leyden Gazette, are received by some late arrivals, which by no means portray the nation in those dismal colors that designate the London ministerial newspapers, and would lead an unsuspicious reader to suppose the revolution in danger.
A writer, signed A Traveller , in the Daily Advertiser of yesterday, proposes the following ticket for the serious consideration of the public; and which he supposes will be agreeable to the citizens of the western and middle counties---
 Thomas Fitzsimons,  Charles Thompon,  Frederick A. Muhlenberg;  William Biagham,  Israel Jacob,  Daniel Heister,  John W. Kittera,  Thomas Hantley,  William Irwine, of Cumberland;  William M c Clay,  William Findley,  John Woods, of Washington. 
LONDON, July 21.
The refusal of the king of France to sanction the decrees of the Assembly for forming a camp round Paris, and against the refractory clergy, has given such offence to the populace, that nothing but insurrection in and about Paris has been the consequence. The palace has been several times invested, and once a slab was made at the king, which would doubtless have proved fatal had not one of the national guard, seeing the attempt, rushed between the assassin and his majesty and received the wound.
The ghost of Banquo did not terrify Macbeth more than the appearance of M c de la Fayette has frightened the Jacobins in Paris. They could scarcely believe their eyes. So unexpected a visit has put a stop to their wicked purposes, and may perhaps prove the means of totally extirpating that desperate band of lawless rebels. His person, as they regard their own, will be sacred; for the army to a man would revenge even the smallest indignity offered to him.
A new invention of making a cable by means of a piece of machinery, just erected in Portsmouth yard, the construction of which is very curious, has been submitted to the board of admiralty. By means of this engine, which is put in motion by sixteen horses, twenty men wholly unskilled in rope works, will be enabled to make a cable of dimensions for the largest ship, in less time than two hundred men can make one according to the usual methods.
* * * If the writer under the signature of "A Freeman," in Messrs. Hall and Sellers's paper of August 20, had sent his OBSERVATIONS, originally, to the National Gazette , (where the extracts from the Farmer's Letters first appeared) they should have been inserted. The Editor of the National Gazette by no means considers himself OBLIGATED to republish, in any instance, what may have already been conveyed to the public through the medium of another Press; especially at the requisition of an ANONYMOUS NOTE.
METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS,
   September, 1792.   D. H. Bar. Ther. Wind. Weather.     Wednesday, 5. 6 30. 4 50 N. E. Fair.   9 30. 4 75 do. do.   Thursday, 6. 6 30. 3 58 N. E. Fair.   9 30. 3 70 do. Cloudy.   Friday, 7. 6 30. 2 64 N. E. Cloudy.   9 30. 1 77 S. W. Fair.   Saturday, 8. 6 30. 1 67 S. E. Foggy.   9 30. 1 82 S. W. Fair.   Sunday, 9. 6 30. 05 65 N. E. Cloudy.   9 29. 9 82 S. E. Rain.   Monday, 10. 6 30. 2 52 N. Cloudy.   9 30. 2 68 N. E. Fair.   Tuesday, 11. 6 30. 25 46 N. Fair.   9 30. 25 69 E. Fair.  
SOCIETY FOR ESTABLISHING USEFUL MANUFACTURES.
NOTICE is hereby given to the Stockholders of the Society for establishing useful manufactures; that the annual election for Directors of the said Society will be held at the Courthouse in New-Ark in the county of Essex on the first Monday in October next, between the hours of twelve and two in the afternoon of the same day.
A. MERCER, Deputy Governor. New-Ark July, 17th 1792.
PLANS
OF THE CITY OF WASHINGTON, FOR SALE BY MESSRS. Dobson, Young, Cruikshank, and Carey, in this city.
Sept. 15. 6r.
* * * Three handsome Editions of the Laws of the United States for sale at this office (No 209 Market street) in folio and octavo, either full or half bound---N.B. The Laws of the last Session , in octavo only, may be had separate, price three eighths of a dollar.

Letter from the Marquis de la Fayette to the National Assembly of France, dated Camp Maubeuge, June 16, 1792.
AT this moment, too long delayed perhaps, at which I am going to call your attention to great public interests, and point out among our dangers the conduct of a ministry which my correspondence has long since accused; I am informed that unmasked by its divisions, it has sunk under its own intrigues; for, undoubtedly, it is not by sacrificing three colleagues, from their own insignificance the mere creatures of their power, that the least excusable, the most noted of these ministers, will have cemented in the king's council his equivocal and scandalous existence.
"It is not enough, however, that this branch of the government should be delivered from a baneful influence. The public weal is in danger: the fate of France depends chiefly on her representatives; of them the nation expects her salvation. But, when she gave herself a constitution, she preferred to them the only course by which they can save her.
"Persuaded, gentlemen, that the Rights of Man are the law of every constitutional assembly, a constitution once formed becomes the law of the legislators appointed under it, it is to yourselves that I am bound to denounce the too powerful efforts now making to carry you beyond the rule which you have promised to follow.
"Nothing shall hinder me from exercising this right of a freeman, from fulfilling this duty of a citizen; neither their momentary errors of opinion; nor what are opinions when they deviate from principles; nor my respect for the representatives of the people; for I respect still more the people themselves, of whom the constitution is the will supreme; nor the favour you have constantly shown to me; for that I with to preserve, as I obtained it, by an inflexible love of liberty.
"Your circumstances are difficult; France is menaced from without, and agitated within. While foreign courts announce the intolerable project of attacking our national sovereignty, and thus declare themselves the enemies of France, internal foes, intoxicated with fanaticism and pride, entertain chimerical hopes, and fatigue us still more with their insolent malignity.
"You ought, gentlemen, to suppress them, and you cannot have the power to do so, without being yourselves constitutional and just.
"You desire to be so without doubt, but cast your eyes on what passes in your own body, and all around you.
"Can you dissemble that a faction, and, to avoid vague denominations, that the Jacobine faction has occasioned all these disorders. It is that faction to which I loudly impute them. Organized like a separate empire in its metropolis and its affiliations, blindly directed by certain ambitious chiefs, this forms a distinct corporation in the midst of the French people, whose power it usurps by subjugating their representatives and their mandatories.
"It is there that, in public settings, love of the laws is denominated aristocracy, and their infraction patriotism. There the assassins of Defiles receive triumphs—the crimes of Jourdan and Paneygriff—there also the recital of the assassination that stained the city of Metz excited internal acclamations of joy.
"Can it be believed that they will escape reproaches by sheltering themselves under an Austrian manifesto, in which these sectaries are named? Are they become sacred because Leopold has pronounced their name? And because we have to fight with foreigners, who presume to meddle in our quarrels, are we released from the duty of delivering our country from domestic tyranny?
"What import to this duty either the projects of foreigners, or their connivance with counter-revolutionists, or their influence on the lukewarm friends of liberty? It is I who denounce this sect; I who, without speaking of my past life, can answer to those who feign suspicions of me; "approach in this critical moment, in which every man's character will soon be known, and let us see which of us, most inflexible in his principles, most firm in his resistance, will best brave the obstacles and the dangers which traitors wish to hide from their country, and which true citizens know how to calculate and encounter for her sake."
"And how should I longer delay to fulfil this duty when every day weakens the constituted authorities, and substitutes the spirit of a party for the will of the people; when the audacity of agitators imposes silence on peaceable citizens and supplants useful men; when devotion to a sect is made the substitute of all public and private virtues, that in a free country ought to be the austere and only means of arriving at the first functions of government?
"It is after having opposed to all obstacles and all snares the courageous and persevering patriotism of an army, sacrificed perhaps to combinations against its leaders, that I can now oppose to this faction, the correspondence of a ministry, the worthy production of its club—a correspondence of which all the calculations are false, the promises vain, the information fraudulent or frivolous, the councils pernicious or contradictory; where, after having pressed me to advance without precaution, and to attack without the means, they began to tell me that resistance would soon be impossible, when my indignation repelled the dastardly allusion.
"What remarkable conformity of language, gentlemen, between those factions, men who avow their aristocratic spirit, and those who usurp the name of patriots. Both wish to subvert our laws, rejoice in disorders, rise up against the authorities conferred by the people, detest the national guard, preach indiscipline to the army, and sow sometimes distrust, sometimes discouragement.
"As for me, gentlemen, who espoused the American cause, at the very moment when its ambassadors declared to me that it was lost; who thenceforward devoted myself to a persevering defence of liberty, and the sovereignty of the people; who, on the 14th of July, 1789, on presenting to my country a declaration of rights, dared to tell her—For a nation to be free, it is sufficient that she wills it; I come now, full of confidence in the justice of our cause, of contempt for the cowards who desert it, and of indignation against
the traitors who would fully it; I come to declare that the French nation, if she is not the most vile in the universe, may and ought to resist the conspiracy of kings formed against her.
"It is not, undoubtedly, in the midst of my brave army, that timid sentiments are permitted; patriotism, energy, discipline, patience, mutual confidence, all the civil and military virtues I have found in it. In it the principles of liberty and equality are cherished, the laws respected, property sacred; in it neither calumnies nor factions are known; and when I recollect that France has several millions capable of becoming such soldiers, I ask myself to what pitch of debasement would an immense people be reduced still stronger in their natural resources than in the defence of art, opposing to a monstrous confederation the advantage of combinations directed to a single object, for the base idea of sacrificing their sovereignty, of convenanting for their liberty, of submitting their declaration of rights to negotiations to appear one of the possibilities of the issue that is rapidly advancing upon us.
"But in order that we, soldiers of liberty, may fight with efficacy, or die with profit to our cause, it is necessary that the number of the defenders of our country be speedily proportioned to that of their adversaries; that stores of all sorts be multiplied, to facilitate all our motions; that the comfort of the troops, their equipage, their pay, the provisions for their health, be no longer exposed to fatal delays, or pretended savings, which always turn out the direct reverse of their object.
"Above all, it is necessary that the citizens rallied around the constitution be assured that the rights which it guarantees will be respected with a religious fidelity, that shall drive its enemies, concealed or public, to despair.
"Reject not this wish: it is that of the sincere & faithful friends of your legitimate authority. Assured that no unjust consequence can flow from a pure principle, that no tyrannical measures can serve a cause which owes its force and its glory to the sacred basis of liberty and equality, make criminal justice resume its constitutional course; make civil equality and religious liberty enjoy the entire application of their true principles.
"Let the royal power be untouched, for it is guaranteed by the constitution; let it be independent, for its independence is one of the springs of our liberty; let the king be revered, for he is invested with the national majority; let him have the power of choosing a ministry that wears not the chains of a faction; and if there be conspirators, let them perish by the sword of the law.
"In fine, let the reign of clubs, annihilated by you, give place to the reign of the law, their usurpations to the firm and independent exercise of the constitutional authorities, their disorganizing maxims to the true principles of liberty, their delirious fury to the calm and steady courage of a nation that understands its rights and defends them: in fine, their factious combinations to the true interests of our country, which, in this moment of danger, ought to unite all those to whom her subjugation and her ruin are not objects of atrocious joy, or infamous speculation.
"Such, gentlemen, are the representations and the petitions submitted to the national assembly, as they are to the king, by a citizen, whose love of liberty will never be honestly questioned; whom the different factions would hate less, if he had not raised himself above them by his disinterestedness; whom silence would have better become, if, like so many others, he had been indifferent to the glory of the national assembly, and the confidence with which it is of importance that it should be surrounded; and who cannot better testify his own conscience, than by laying, before it the truth without disguise.
"Gentlemen, I have obeyed the dictates of my conscience, and the obligations of my oaths. I owed it to my country, to you, to the king, and above all, to myself, whom the chances of war do not allow to postpone observations that I think useful; and who wish to believe that the assembly will find in this address a new homage of my devotion to its constitutional authority, as well as of my personal gratitude, and of my respect.
(Signed) FAYETTE.
Letter from M. La Fayette to the King. Entrenched camp of Maubeuge, June 16, 1792, 4th year of Liberty."
"SIRE, I HAVE the honor to send your Majesty the copy of a letter to the National Assembly, in which your majesty will find the expression of sentiments that have animated my whole life. The king knows with what ardour, with what constancy, I have been at all times devoted to the cause of liberty, to the sacred principles of humanity, equality, and justice. He knows that I was always the adversary of factions, the enemy of licentiousness, and that no power, which I thought unlawful, was ever acknowledged by me. He knows my devotion to his constitutional authority, and my attachment to his person. Such, Sire, are the basis of my letter to the national assembly; such will be those of my conduct towards my country and your majesty, amid the storms which form many combinations, hostile or factious, strive to draw upon us.
"It belongs not to me, Sire, to give to my opinions or my measures a higher degree of importance than the unconnected acts of a simple citizen ought to possess; but the expression of my thoughts was always a right, and on this occasion becomes a duty; and although I might have fulfilled this duty sooner, if, instead of being to be heard from the midst of a camp, my voice had been to issue from the retreat from which I was drawn by the dangers of my country, I do not think that public function, or any personal consideration, releases me from exercising this duty of a citizen, this right of a freeman.
"Perish, Sire, among in the authority which the national will has delegated to you, in the generous resolution of defending the principles of the constitution against all their enemies. Let this resolution, supported by all the acts of your private life, as by a firm and full exercise of the royal power, become the gage of harmony, which, above all in the moments of crisis, cannot fail to
be established between the representatives elected by the people and their hereditary representative. It is in this resolution, Sire, that for your country and for yourself are glory and safety. There you will find the friends of liberty, all good Frenchmen, ranged around your throne, to defend it against the machinations of the rebellious, and the enterprises of the factious. And I, Sire, who, in their honorable hatred, have found the recompense of my persevering opposition—I will always merit it by my zeal to serve the cause to which my whole life is devoted, and by my fidelity to the earth which I have taken to the nation, the law and the king.
"Such, Sire, are my unalterable sentiments to which I subjoin the duty of homage and that of my respect. (Signed) "LA FAYETTE."
Terres à Vendre
Dans un pays bien peuplé, SAVOIR, soixante cinq mille, trois cens, soixante et quatorze Acres, en une seule pièce, dans le canton le mieux peuplé de la Caroline Meridionale, le District de Ninety-Six. Ces terres sont situées dans une contrée agréable, et salubre, où les fièvres sont inconnues; à environ vingt lieues de Colombie, la Capitale, et contiguës à la ville de Cambridge, où il y a College, et Cour supérieure. A environ douze lieues, il y a une navigation, et il est très probable, que dans quelque temps on rendra navigable le Grand Saluée, rivière qui arrose les terres mêmes. Elles sont agréablement diversifiées de coteaux et vallons charmans, propres à la culture du tabac, du coton, du maïs, et du petit grain; et dont une proportion considérable se peut aisément convertir en prairies fertiles. Il n'est peut-être gueres possible de rencontrer une pareille piece de terre à vendre dans aucun autre des Etats Unis; et pour les conditions de l'achat, on les rendra tres commodes. S'informer à l'imprimerie de la Gazette Nationale. Sept. 5.
LANDS FOR SALE,
IN a well settled Country. SIXTY-FIVE THOUSAND THREE HUNDRED AND SEVENTY FOUR ACRES OF LAND, in one body, in the most populous part of the State of South-Carolina, in the district of Ninety-six. It is situated in a fine healthy climate, free from fever & ague, about sixty miles from Columbia, the seat of government. The land is contiguous to the town of Cambridge, where are a seminary for the instruction of youth, and a superior law court. It is at present within about thirty-five miles of good navigation, with a probability of having the river, called the Great Saluée, that flows along one side of the land, made navigable. The land is beautifully diversified into swells and vales, and is perfectly well calculated for the culture of tobacco, cotton, Indian corn, and small grain; a great proportion of it may be made meadow ground. There is not, perhaps, such a body of land, so circumstanced, for sale in any other of the U. States. The terms of payment will be made convenient to the purchaser or purchasers. Apply to the Printer. August 29. iawtf
To be published by Subscription,
THE AMERICAN REMEMBRANCER, OR
PROCEEDINGS OF THE Old Congress,
From September 1774, to March 1789—an authentic and original collection of
Official Letters &c. Written during the late war;—and Extracts from the Secret Journals.
[For particulars, see the Proposals at large.] SUBSCRIPTIONS are received by the principal booksellers, and by the Editor, JOHN CAREY, No. 26, Pear-Street, Philadelphia.
JUST PUBLISHED
By E. OSWALD, (Price Eleven Pence) FIVE LETTERS, addressed to the Yeomanry of the United States:
CONTAINING some Observations on the Scheme of Governor Duer and Mr Secretary Hamilton, to establish National Manufactures, by a FARMER. This pamphlet, so highly interesting at this period, may be had at the following places: at Mr. Oswald's Printing-Office, No 156, Market-street; at No. 209, Market-street; at Mr. Dobson's, 41, South Second-street; at Mr. Cuckhanks, 91, Market-street; at Mr. Aitken's, 22, Market-street; and at Mr. Young's S. W. corner of Chestnut and Second-streets. August 21.
THIS DAY IS PUBLISHED, And for Sale at the Printing-Office, No. 209, Market-Street, and at Thomas Dobson's Book-Store in Second-Street, Price Three-Eighths of a Dollar,
ADVICE TO THE PRIVILEGED ORDERS,
in the SEVERAL STATES OF EUROPE, Resulting from the necessity and propriety of a General Revolution in the Principle of Government.
By JOEL BARLOW, Esquire.
Society for establishing useful Manufactures.
NOTICE is hereby given to the holders of Stock in the said Society, that the following arrangement has been made by the Deputy Governor and Directors thereof, by a resolution of the eighteenth day of May, 1792. The second instalment for the payment of shares in the stock of this Society, may be made in the following manner, viz.
The amount of the said second instalment, being 20 13-100 dollars each share, may be paid in three payments, on condition that the lawful interest of 7 per cent. per annum, be calculated and paid with each proportionate part of the said payment, that is to say, on or before the thirteenth day of August next, the sum of 6 71-100, with the addition of 12 cents, being the interest of one month on 20 13-100 dollars—on or before the 13th of September next, the sum of 6 11-100 dollars, with the addition of 8 cents, being the interest for one month on 13 42-100 dollars—and on or before the 13th of October next, the sum of 6 71-100 dollars, with the addition of 4 cents, being the interest on the same for one month. The said payments are to be made at the following places, viz. In the city of Philadelphia at the bank of the United States—at New-Brunswick, in New-Jersey, to John Bayard, or John Neilson, Esqrs.—and in the city of New-York, at the bank of New-York, or either of the said places, which may be most convenient to the stock holders.
By order of the direction, JAMES GRIFFITHS, Clerk. July 24. tf.
JUST PUBLISHED, And for sale by the Printer, JOHN M'CULLOCH, at No. 1. North Third-Street, and by most of the Book-Sellers in this city, (Price 3/6)
MODERN CHIVALRY: Containing the Adventures of Capt. John Farrago,
and Teague O'Regan, his Servant. VOLUME II.
By H. H. BRACKENRIDGE.
Quicquid agunt Homines, nostri, Farrago libelli. Juvenal
PUBLIC REPORTS
FROM THE EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENTS OF THE GOVERNMENT OF THE UNITED STATES TO CONGRESS,
Commencing with the present Government, and ending with the close of the Session of May, 1792.
THIS work is intended to be printed in one volume octavo, estimated to contain between five and six hundred pages, and will be delivered to subscribers in boards at One Dollar and a half.
A complete collection of the Reports into a convenient and portable volume has been suggested to the publishers by several members of Congress and other gentlemen, and they are now determined to proceed on with the work, provided a competent number of subscribers appear to patronize the undertaking. Subscriptions are received by CHILDS and SWAIN, the publishers, No. 209 Market-street, Philadelphia, and by the principal Book sellers in the United States. May 24.
FOR SALE,
ABOUT 100,000 acres of Land, lying near Whites-town, in the State of New-York, on the north side of the Mohawk river, adjoining Nobleborough, and will be sold either in parcels or together, as may suit the purchasers.
N. B. The above tract of land is of the first quality in the state, chiefly timbered with beech and maple, well watered, and contains many mill seats. The peculiar advantages of this tract, situated within a few miles of Whites-town (which contains upwards of five thousand inhabitants) with an easy and convenient water carriage to Schenectady, Albany, and New-York, make it an object for any persons inclined to settle it, and render it an extremely advantageous purchase for persons inclined to realize their money in land of an increasing value. The whole tract or any part of it, will be sold very low for cash, or for part cash, and the remaining payments at distant periods. Enquire at No. 229 Queen-street, near the Fly-market New-York. July 19.
George Town, June 2, 1792.
A NUMBER of LOTS in every situation which may be desired in the city of Washington, will be offered for sale, by the Commissioners on Monday the 8th day of October next. One fourth part of the purchase money to be paid down, the residue in three equal annual payments, with yearly interest on the whole principal unpaid. JOHN M. GANTT, Clerk to the Commissioners. July 25.
*** For sale at this Office, Sermons by the Rev'd Dr. William Linn, of New-York Price 5/7 1-2.
PRINTED BY CHILDS AND SWAIN, AT THEIR OFFICE NO. 209, HIGH-STREET, NEAR FIFTH STREET, PHILADELPHIA.