Gazette of the United-States. (New-York [N.Y.]), 1791-05-21 00:00:00

Gazette of the United States.
PUBLISHED WEDNESDAYS AND SATURDAYS BY JOHN FENNO, No. 69, HIGH-STREET, BETWEEN SECOND AND THIRD STREETS, PHILADELPHIA.
[No. 7, of Vol. III.]
SATURDAY, MAY 21, 1791.
[Whole No. 215.]
From the (Hartford) AMERICAN MERCURY.
THE PATRIOT.
MY last concluded with reciting the inducements proper to be held out to head tradesmen , concerned in certain manufactures, to enable them to take the children of such poor families, as apprentices, as were unable to furnish their children in the manner now practised. This speculation shall be devoted to the consideration of such further inducements to setting up and prosecuting the manufactures of linen, cotton, and woollen, as may be necessary for fully introducing and effectually establishing those manufactures. Flax is amongst the productions of almost every farm; yet we have it not in sufficient plenty and perfection for the purpose of carrying on extensive manufactures. It is however reasonably to be expected, that every year will add to the quantity brought to market—and that the quality will be proportionably improved. Nothing will expedite this desirable end so much as the establishment of a linen and cotton manufacture. Fine bearded flax is not necessary either for rigging or duck—neither will the price given for flax in those manufactures enable the farmers to prepare their flax properly for market. When ever there is a demand for flax to make fine cloth, then the farmers will raise better flax, and dress it in another manner. The more certain and constant the demand for any articles, and the higher the price, the more will there be of that article at market. Let Congress compel the owners of every ship or vessel to make the first suit of sails of American duck—and let this state in the mean time give a moderate bounty on every piece of duck manufactured in the state—This would effectually answer the purpose. Let them give a premium or bounty of two shillings on every piece of linen, or linen and cotton cloth, not less than 24 yards long, and 3/4 yards wide, of the value of 1s. 6d. per yard—For every piece of such cloth not less than 24 yards long and a yard wide, of the value of two shillings per yard, a bounty of 2s. 6d.—For every such piece of the value of 2s. 6d. per yard, a bounty of 4s.—And for every such piece of the value of 3s. per yard, a bounty of 6s.—In every case the cloth for which the bounty is claimed, must have previously been sold to some merchant residing in the state, at the above prices, or higher.
Similar and indeed greater bounties should be given on all woollen goods manufactured in this state, and sold by the piece to the merchants for retailing—The reason is obvious—The price of flax and cotton in this country is as low, or even lower than in Europe; But their manufactures have the advantage of machinery to expedite labor which we lack. But as to wool, the case is materially different; that article is at least double the price here that it is in England—and their workmen have the same advantage over ours in respect of machinery, as in the other branches—and also in respect of dye stuffs. It is absolutely necessary that we overcome all these obstacles. Patience, patriotism and perseverance, with the aid of government, will soon effect what we wish. Let the monied man assist the artisan—Let the wealthy farmer give the manufacturer a reasonable credit for his wool, that the manufacturer, in turn, may give a reasonable credit to the merchant on his cloths—Let our legislators, our judges, our counsellors our attorneys, and clergy (who should set a good example in this as in every other respect) be clothed in the manufactures of the state—we need not fear that others will follow so laudable an example—we then shall see our villages well inhabited, and growing to the size of our largest towns—our towns into cities, instead of their dwindling into solitary places, and deserted villages.
I am well aware that British merchants, British agents, and all those Anglofied Americans who turn up their noses at every thing which is not British, will effect to turn my projects into ridicule, and treat the PATRIOT as a lunatic, or at best, as a well meaning, but weak, visionary projector. Yet setting aside their interested views—why should they treat my projects with contempt? No doubt the first attempts to establish the woollen manufacture in England was as much decried. Their attempt to establish the Cotton and Silk manufactures was more objectionable than an attempt of the same kind would
be in this country, They have surmounted all the obstacles that opposed or impeded those establishments in that country; and I have no doubt we shall finally surmount every obstacle here. The more public or private encouragement is given our artisans and manufactures, the sooner this great national object will be effected. Massachusetts has set us a good example in this respect—they have given a bounty of 8s. for every piece of duck manufactured in the state—this has induced monied men to become concerned in that business, and there is the best grounds for believing the business will succeed; and be continued after the bounty shall cease. They have lately made a very large donation to the owners of the cotton manufactories, which will probably induce them to pursue the undertaking with vigor. As our manufactures increase, heavy imposts will doubtless be laid by the general government on the importation of foreign manufactures, which will operate as a bounty on our own; and will accelerate their final establishment, and bring them to that state of perfection as shall render all importations needless.
FOR THE GAZETTE OF THE UNITED STATES.
O D E TO BIRTHA.
AND does disease thy bosom grieve? O had I known it at an earlier hour, I would have strow'd thy forrows to relieve, Have torn thee from the tyrant Sickness' power, And bade thy aching breast delight receive. I would have sat the lingering, painful, eve, With various talk the lonely moments cheer'd; Have, with unwearied hand, thy head sustain'd Whole nights; and soothed thee as thou had'st complain'd; And heal'd thee with affection long endear'd. For I have known the hand of hard disease; Have felt oppressive sickness at my soul; Seen death-like paleness o'er my features spread; And mark'd the life-supporting current freeze, From hollow eyes, of blue despair, the big tears roll; And join'd, in anguish'd fancy, with the dead. Yet then, even then, I cast a lingering look On all the business of beloved mankind; While each adieu, each fond farewell, I took, Still left a wish, for one more view, behind. 'Twas then new pleasures burst upon my mind, New wishes agitated all my breast; And hope, and passion, and affection, join'd, With life-reviving health again my bosom bles'd. Such are the joys I offer to thy view. For what a greater transport can afford Than to behold affection, virtue new, And lovely goodness, o'er creation pour'd? To see refinement new-born raptures shew? And happiness, by you, to earth restored? To see the enchanting smile Of sweet benevolence expand, And o'er the human face diffuse new light; What hath such power affliction to beguile, And sooth the woe-worn heart with comfort bland? What greater pleasure can the soul delight? To let imagination stray, And wanton in celestial day; To see Creation's second birth, And Heaven, descending, bless the Earth; To view new beauty clothe the plain, And rapture hail Messiah's reign; To mark death, anguish, and disease, And vice, no more pollute the breeze; To see perfection's glorious heirs, Triumphant o'er life's little cares, To new attainments daily grow; With nobler virtue hourly glow; And, bosom'd in immortal peace, In God's felicity increase; To love with fresher truth inclined; And gaining on the eternal Mind: What nobler transports can the soul possess? What richer joy the sympathetic bosom bles'd? E L L A.
R E P O R T OF THE SECRETARY OF STATE, On the subject of the COD AND WHALE FISHERIES, [CONTINUED.]
ENGLAND is the market for the greater part of our spermaceti oil. They impose on all our oils, a duty of eighteen pounds five shillings sterling the ton, which, as to the common kind, is a prohibition, as has been before observed, and as to that of the spermaceti, gives a preference of theirs over ours to that amount, so as to leave in the end, but a scanty benefit to the fisherman; and not long since, by a change of construction, without any change of the law, it was made to exclude our oils from their ports, when carried in our own vessels. On some change of circumstance, it was construed back again to the reception of our oils; on paying always, however, the same duty of eighteen pounds five shillings. This serves to shew that the tenure by which we hold the admission of this commodity in their markets, is as precarious as it is hard. Nor can it be announced that there is any disposition on
their part, to arrange this, or any other commercial matter, to mutual convenience. The exparte regulations which they have begun for mounting their navigation on the ruins of ours, can only be opposed by counter regulations on our part. And the loss of seamen, the natural consequence of lost and obstructed markets for our fish and oil, calls in the first place, for serious and timely attention. It will be too late when the seaman shall have changed his vocation, or gone over to another interest. If we cannot recover and secure for him these important branches of employment, it behoves us to replace them by others equivalent. We have three nurseries for forming seamen:—
 1. Our coasting trade, already on a safe footing.  2. Our fisheries, which in spite of natural advantages, give just cause of anxiety.  3. Our carrying trade, the only resource of indemnification for what we lose in the other. The produce of the United States, which is carried to foreign markets, is extremely bulky. That part of it now in the hands of foreigners, and which we may resume into our own, without touching the rights of those nations who have met us in fair arrangements by treaty, or the interests of those, who, by their voluntary regulations, have paid so just and liberal a respect to our interests, as being measured back to them again, places both parties on as good ground, perhaps, as treaties could place them: the proportion, I say, of our carrying trade, which may be resumed without affecting either of these descriptions of nations, will find constant employment for ten thousand seamen, be worth two millions of dollars annually, will go on augmenting with the population of the United States, secure to us a full indemnification for the seamen we lose, and be taken wholly from those who force us to this act of self-protection, in navigation. 
Hence too would follow that their Newfoundland ships, not receiving provisions from us in their bottoms, nor permitted (by a law of their own) to receive in ours, must draw their subsistence from Europe, which would increase that part of their expenses in the proportion of four to seven, and so far operate as a duty towards restoring the level between them and us. The tables No. 2 and 12, will shew the quantity of tonnage, and consequently the mass of seamen whose interests are in distress; and No. 17, the materials for indemnification.
If regulations, exactly the counterpart of those established against us, would be ineffectual from a difference of circumstances, other regulations equivalent can give no reasonable ground of complaint to any nation. Admitting their right of keeping their markets to themselves, ours cannot be denied of keeping our carrying trade to ourselves. And if there be any thing unfriendly in this, it was in the first example.
The loss of seamen unnoticed, would be followed by other losses in a long train. If we have no seamen, our ships will be useless, consequently our ship timber, iron and hemp; our ship-building will be at an end, ship-carpenters go over to other nations, our young men have no call to the sea, our produce carried in foreign bottoms, be saddled with war freight and insurance in times of war; and the history of the last one hundred years, shews that the nation which is our carrier has three years of war for every four years of peace. (No. 18) We lose, during the same periods, the carriage for belligerent powers, which the neutrality of our flag would render an incalculable source of profit; we lose at this moment the carriage of our own produce to the annual amount of two millions of dollars, which in the possible progress of the encroachment, may extend to five or six millions, the worth of the whole, with an increase in the proportion of the increase of our numbers. It is easier as well as better, to stop this train at its entrance, than when it shall have ruined or banished whole classes of useful and industrious citizens.
It will doubtless be thought expedient that the resumption suggested should take effect so gradually as not to endanger the loss of produce for the want of transportation; but that, in order to create transportation, the whole plan should be developed, and made known at once, that the individuals who may be disposed to lay themselves out for the carrying business may make their calculations on a full view of all circumstances.
On the whole, the historical view we have taken of these fisheries proves they are so poor in themselves as to come to nothing with distant nations, who do not support them from their treasuries. We have seen that the advantages of our position place our fisheries on a ground somewhat higher, such as to relieve our treasury from the necessity of giving them support, but not to permit it to draw support from them, nor to dispense the government from the obligation of effectuating free markets for them, that for the great proportion of our salted fish, for our common oil, and a part of our spermaceti oil, markets may perhaps, be preserved by friendly arrangements towards those nations whose arrangements are friendly to us, and the residue be compensated by giving to the seamen thrown out of business the certainty of employment in another branch of which we have the sole disposal.
THOMAS JEFFERSON, Secretary of State.
February 18, 1791. (To be continued.)
N E W - Y O R K, April 30.
The present Empress of Russia, born in the year 1729, was a German Princess, daughter of Christian Augustus, Prince of Anhalt Zerest, and in 1745, married Peter the IIId. a Sovereign distinguished for his folly and vices, who after his ascending the throne was weak enough to wear the Prussian Uniform, profess himself a soldier of Frederick (the public enemy of his country) attempted to cut the beards of his Clergy, and was the avowed foe of literary improvement. After a turbulent reign of about six months, he was deposed by the united concurrence of his subjects—who, in July, 1762, bestowed the Diadem upon his wife, the present Empress, who then changed her name of Sophia Augusta for that of Catharine Alegriewna the second. She is, undoubtedly, very ambitious; but excepting the great Leopold, is the first Legislator of the present age; the protector of her people, in relieving the miseries of her peasants; and has by a series of most brilliant achievements and astonishing successes, raised the Russian Empire to a height of glory, which now threatens to overturn the balance of Europe.

FROM THE NORWICH PACKET.
MR. TRUMBULL, THE PROMPTER, is an entire stranger to me; I know not who he is, nor where he lives, but I would willingly travel twenty miles to see, and shake hands with him:—He wrote excellently on the subject of borrowing:—His observations were well calculated to work a reformation in the ugly customs of the people; but, I lament it, my neighbors are no more moved by his writings, than the wicked men of Sodom were by the hearty expostulations of righteous Lot. I do not recollect that Mr. Prompter said any thing about lending; but you know, that in weighing any article or commodity in the scales, if one end of the beam goes down the other end must of course go up: So, where there is one borrower, there certainly is one lender.—The scale-beam has but two ends, and one end is always actuated by one end: But there may be ten borrowers, and but one lender; in that case it is hard, sure enough, on the side of the lender. Suppose here is four, five or six families, who think it best and cheapest for them to borrow; and here is one who is well furnished with a compleat set of tools, agreeable to my friend Prompter's advice; will not the patience and all the tools of this one, soon be worn out? must he pace up and down all the morning to get his tools and hand them out to his neighbors, and be disturbed again at night to receive them in? Stop! no—he is not much troubled about receiving them in at night; his neighbor keeps the tool till the next day, and the next day; and on the 4th or 5th day, the obliging lender is under a necessity of using his shovel; where is it Tom? "I done know Sir seem to me some body bollow um tudderday." Tom is sent a hunting round the neighbourhood—the thing is found—the handle is broke—well Tom, this is the way we get rich; go, you must carry it to the wood-worker, and get a new handle made to it Tom. "Yese massa, dis no berry good wa to get rich tho; me hope massa neber lend um shubble gin, cusfen nabel plage Tom sole out, alwa bollow shubble en ho, en ax, en rake and dibble do no what all." Tom Tom; you must not swear so, if they do plague your soul out.
Now I say Mr. Trumbull, I wish you would be so obliging as to convey my compliments to Mr. Prompter, and tell him I wish he would write once more on the subject, hotter than ever, and oblige yours, TOM'S MASTER.
GEORGETOWN, (S. C.) April 30.
This morning the President of the United States and his suite arrived here, on his tour through the Southern States—He was rowed over the river by seven Captains of vessels, dressed in round hats trimmed with gold lace, blue coats, white jackets, &c. in an elegant painted boat.—On his arriving opposite the market he was saluted by the artillery, with fifteen guns, from the foot of Broad-street:—and on his landing he was received by the light infantry company with presented arms who immediately after he passed, fired thirteen rounds; after which the committee appointed to receive and address him, conducted him to an elegant house prepared by the inhabitants for his reception. At two o'clock he received the congratulatory address of the inhabitants, and immediately after that of his Masonic brethren—at four, he honored the citizens with his company at a public dinner, at which the following were the principal toasts:
 1. The United States of America.  2. The Grand Council of the Union.  3. The King of France our great and good ally.  4. The National Assembly of France.  5. The memory of Major General Greene.  6. The memory of M. G. Baron de Kalb.  7. The other brave officers and soldiers who fell in the war.  8. The Vice-President of the United States, may the esteem and gratitude of his country be equal to those important services which he has, and continues to render her.  9. Our ministers in foreign countries.  10. The Federal Government.  11. The State of South-Carolina.  12. The Marquis de la Fayette.  13. May the nations of the earth enjoy an equal happiness with us in having rulers equally sedulous to make themselves acquainted with the true interests and situations of the people.  14. The Governors and Legislatures of the respective States. 
The President then retired, and the following toast was given.
Our ILLUSTRIOUS PRESIDENT, may calmness, peace and felicity, bless the evening of his life, as his youth and middle age have been glorious by the most exalted achievements of military renown.
The evening closed with a tea party and ball, which the President honored with his company, and the next morning sat off for Charleston.
CHARLESTON, May 3. Yesterday the President of the United States arrived in this city, accompanied by major Jackson.
At Georgetown he was met by major general Moultrie and Col. Washington, and at Haddril's Point by Brigadier General Pinckney, Major Edward Rutledge, and the Recorder of this city; from whence he was rowed across the river in an elegant barge by thirteen masters of American vessels, viz. Captains Cochran, Cross, Moore, Milligan, Kean, Rea, Laurence, Drinker, Swain, Conyers, Dickinson, Crowley and Connolly, who were uniformly and neatly dressed in light blue silk jackets, and round black hats decorated with blue ribbons on which were impressed the arms of this State. During the passage vocal and instrumental music were performed on the water by the Amateur Society, assisted by a voluntary association of singers; and upwards of forty boats attended with anxious spectators, which formed a most beautiful appearance.
Stairs were erected at Prioleau's wharf, where the President was received and congratulated by the Governor and Lieutenant Governor of this State, the intendant and wardens of this city, and an uncommonly large concourse of citizens, who testified their happiness on the arrival of our chief magistrate by reiterated shouts of joy and satisfaction—the Charleston battalion of artillery saluted him with discharges from their field pieces, the bells of St. Michael's church were rung, and the shipping in the harbour displayed their colors during the day.
He was conducted to the exchange, preceded by the officers of the corporation, and followed by a procession, consisting of the militia officers, members of the Cincinnati, and other citizens, where he received the honors of the procession, to whom he politely and gracefully bowed as they passed in review before him. The order was then reversed, and the President escorted to the house in Church-street, prepared for his accommodation.
MAY 5.
Yesterday the society of the Cincinnati established in this state, gave a very sumptuous dinner to their illustrious President General, in M'Crady's long room, which was handsomely decorated with laurel and flowers. The Governor, Lieutenant Governor, and civil Officers of this state, the Intendant and wardens of the city, the members of Congress, the Consuls of foreign powers, gentlemen strangers, the officers of the artillery, and a number of the most distinguished characters of this state, were present. After dinner, the following toasts were drank, followed by a discharge from the field pieces of the Charleston battalion of artillery:
 1. The United States.  2. The fourth of July, 1776.  3. Louis the XVIII, king of the French.  4. The National Assembly of France.  5. All nations in amity with the United States.  6. Count D'Estaing and officers of the French navy, who served in America.  8. The Vice-President of the United States.  9. The Secretary of State.  10. The Secretary of the Treasury.  11. The Secretary of the War Department.  12. The army of the United States.  13. Agriculture and Commerce.  14. (By the President.) The memory of General Greene, and all those Officers who fell in defence of America.  15. The Patriotic Fair of America. 
A choir of singers entertained the company with several pieces of vocal music, and the day was spent in social festivity.
In the evening a splendid ball was given by the city corporation, which the President of the United States honored with his presence. There was a numerous and brilliant assemblage of ladies and a great number of gentlemen present. The ladies were all superbly dressed, and most of them wore ribbons with different inscriptions, expressive of their respect and esteem for the President, such as "long live the President," &c. &c. Joy, satisfaction and gratitude illumined every countenance and revelled in each heart, whilst the demonstrations of grateful respect shewn him seemed to give him the most heartfelt satisfaction, which visibly displayed itself in his countenance.
The beautiful arch of lamps in front of the exchange was illuminated; and over the entrance there was a superb transparency, in the centre "Deliciis Patria," and at the top, G. W.
The fufleer company was drawn up before the exchange to maintain order, and exhibited a very pleasing appearance. In short every circumstance of the evening's entertainment was truly picturesque of the most splendid elegance.
MAY 6.
The thirteen American Captains who rowed the barge in which the President came, from Haddril's Point, dined upon an elegant entertainment at M'Crady's, on Monday; to which a number of Masters of vessels were invited. The following toasts were given.
 Our illustrious President.  United States of America.  The Governor and State of South-Carolina.  The federal government; may it be equal to time. 
The memory of the fallen heroes in defence of America.
 Lewis XVIII. and the National Assembly.  The sufferers in the cause of Freedom.  The Marquis de la Fayette, Liberty's Viceroy.  John Paul Jones.  Captain Barry.  The memories of Biddle and Pickering.  Protection to our commerce.  The family of mankind. 
On the President's arrival, the Charleston battalion of artillery made him an offer of their official attendance during his stay in this city, and regularly to mount guard for the purpose; but he politely declined their friendly offer, saying, that he considered himself perfectly safe in the affection and amicable attachment of the people, a circumstance whereof he had already received too many proofs to doubt of its sincerity.
Yesterday the President of the United States visited Sullivan's Island, accompanied by General Moultrie and several other gentlemen of great respectability, where he had the pleasure of viewing the remains of Fort Moultrie, so celebrated for its gallant defence against a powerful British fleet and army, in the year 1776. On his way to Sullivan's Island he stopped at Fort-Johnston, on James-Island. At both places he was shewn the greatest politeness and attention; and at two o'clock, he returned from this pleasant water excursion.
At four o'clock, a public entertainment was given by his Excellency the Governor, at his house in Meeting-street, to the President of the United States, and the principal gentlemen of the civil, clerical and military professions. The following toasts were drank:
 United States.  Congress of the United States.  4th of July, 1776.  Louis XVI.  National Assembly of France.  Friendly powers of Europe.  Fair of America.  Memory of General Greene.  Agriculture and Commerce.  Arts and Sciences.  Friends of Freedom in every quarter of the globe. 
Marquis de la Fayette. Memory of those who have fallen in the defence of the rights of mankind.
After the President retired the following was drank—"The President of the United States."
And in the evening there was a concert in the city-hall, which on this occasion had received considerable alterations, and was decorated with various ornaments—the pillars were ingeniously entwined with laurel, and the following devices inscribed in different parts of the hall:
 "With grateful praises of the hero's fame,"  "We'll teach our infants' tongues to lisp his name."  "Hominis jura, defendit et curat" — "Magnus in bello" —  "vitam impendere bono" — "Diogene aujourd'hui casseroit sa lanterne." 
The company was enlivened and dignified by the presence of the great head of our nation, and a large number of respectable ladies and gentlemen, forming a most brilliant circle. An excellent band of music played in the orchestra, and were accompanied in the vocal strain by the choir of St. Philip's church.
TO A BAD POET.
 "READ the commandments, friend, and write no further,"  "For there 'tis written, thou shalt do no murder." 
WINCHESTER, May 7.
On Wednesday last, Captain Swearingens company of Levies, lately raised in the county of Berkeley, marched into this town from Martinburg—on Thursday they were equipped in their uniforms, and made a very respectable and soldier like appearance.
We hear this is to be the place of rendezvous for the companies raising in this State—and that another company is shortly expected from Alexandria, to join those already here.
Captain Brock's company, for which the first man was enrolled last Tuesday fortnight, is now upwards of fifty strong.
The President of the United States has been pleased to appoint Col. William Darke to the command of the battalion of Levies now raising in this State.
A French emigrant of note, who arrived in this town on Friday last, in eight days from Gal-liapolis, on the Miami, contradicts the report of Capt. Guion being murdered, as mentioned in some of the papers. Said emigrant informs, that his companions have not as yet been molested by the Savages, but were under strong apprehensions of a visit from them ere long.
ALBANY, May 9.
Nearly two centuries have revolved since the first foundation of this city.—The pursuits of its inhabitants have heretofore been partial and local. Had the first settlers implanted with themselves those seeds of enterprize and accommodation to all nations and sects that distinguished the founders of Philadelphia in 1681, we should

at this time doubtless rank in the first class of cities in America. In the course of the present summer, we should see the whole length of Market-street completely paved—with side walks—a commodious market house—a spacious prison; and if we are rightly informed, the docks raised, with a fair prospect of the introduction of foreign commerce. Private convenience begins to give way to public good, and a spirit of improvement has taken root beyond all former examples. We presume we are principally indebted to the independent exertions of an enlightened corporation, as well as the decisive character of our present chief magistrate for these benefits.
B E N N I N G T O N, May 9.
The number of the Indians on the continent, like the extensive circuit of a comet, leads the attentive mind to conceive almost an immeasurable scope of country possessed by them. The best informed persons suppose, that there are more than three aboriginals, in America, to one white man.
This hypothesis has been disputed by some, who argue, that from the scattered state in which they live, the country could not contain them: but when we consider that it is but a few years since the Spaniards first invaded South-America, at which period, Montezuma was said to have 30 Kings at his beck, each of whom could turn out 100,000 fighting men—and take into view the trifling extent of their territory, compared with the almost unlimited western wilds, the mind is swallowed up in wonder, and lost in uncertain conjecture.
No part of the world, it is said, has been discovered to be fertile and advantageous for the residence of man, but man has been found to inhabit it. If this be true, the idea, perhaps, will not be deemed altogether chimerical, that the more western parts of this continent, are at present possessed by nations,
Where other Montezuma's hold their reign, And peaceful millions till the fertile plain: Where arts, perhaps, to Europe's sons unknown, Present their charms—and wisdom, all their own, Guide them along, secure from foreign jars— Internal discord, or destructive wars.
S A L E M, May 10.
Capt. Stone, on his passage lately from Port-au-Prince to Portland, fell in with a Spanish snow, on board which was a Capt. Boswell and his crew, who belonged to R. Island, and had been taken from a brig which had been wrecked in a severe gale of wind: She was on the point of sinking, when the Spaniard came to their relief.—Capt. Boswell and his men were received on board Capt. Stone's vessel, and brought to Portland. The Spanish Captain, at parting, supplied them amply with provisions and water—Generous man! "Thou shalt hear of this again, hereafter."
W O R C E S T E R, May 12.
A return of the number of inhabitants within the district of Connecticut, taken the first Monday of August, 1790, by the Marshal.
  Free white males, sixteen years old and upwards, 60,523   Free white males under sixteen years of age, 54,403   Free white females, 117,448   All other free persons, 2,808   Slaves, 2,760   Total, 237,942 
H A R T F O R D, May 16.
A Correspondent has sent us the following account of the proceedings at the late Election.
On Wednesday in the afternoon, Major Caldwell's company of horse, well mounted and equipped, met his Excellency the Governor at Wethersfield, and escorted him to this town, preceded by the Sheriffs of the several counties on horseback.
On Thursday, the day of the Election, the guards under the command of Capt. Hopkins, paraded at the usual hour, and conducted the Governor and Council to the State-House, from which the procession was to move. Here the Guards were joined by the Horse. Just before 11 o'clock, the procession moved from the State-House to the North-Church, headed by the Sheriffs, with their deputies and the constables of the town with their slaves of office. Next followed the Governor, the Lieut. Governor and Council, the Representatives and Clergy. The procession was uncommonly large, which, with the order, discipline, and martial appearance of the guards added splendor to the exhibition.
Every part of divine service was performed to good acceptance, but the sermon delivered by the Rev. Dr. Dwight, of Greenfield, deserves particular commendation. Piety of thought, clothed with elegance of style, and expressed with energy and precision, composed the soul of this discourse; and the listening multitudes which crowded the church, which were called together by the reputation of the preacher, declared their utmost expectations gratified. The service was closed with an anthem, set by the Doctor himself to the 92d psalm.
After service, the procession moved back to the State House, attended by a more numerous collection of people than has been seen on the like occasion for many years.
The day was very pleasant, and the citizens of Hartford, throwing open the doors of hospitality, and spreading well dressed tables for the entertainment of their brethren, contributed to enliven the enjoyment of this anniversary.
In the evening, a splendid ball was given; attended by a numerous collection of ladies and gentlemen, both strangers and citizens.
In the afternoon, an Oration was delivered by ZEPHANIAH SWIFT, Esq. before the Society instituted for the purpose of abolishing slavery, and relieving such Africans as may need protection and assistance. On this occasion, a numerous concourse of people attended, who were agreeably entertained and instructed by a discriptive history of slavery, and the miseries it has entailed upon a part of the human race from the earliest ages to this time.
B O S T O N, May 12. The Hon. LEVI LINCOLN and HARRISON GRAY OTIS, Esqrs. were yesterday admitted to be practising Attorneys in the Circuit Court of the United States for this District.
The Hon. ROBERT MORRIS, Esq. Col. OGDEN, of Philadelphia, and Col. WADSWORTH, of Hartford, arrived in this town on Tuesday last.
The district of Maine is found by the census just taken to contain 96,500 inhabitants.
FROM THE FEDERAL GAZETTE.
To the Memory of FRANCIS HOPKINSON, Esq.
SWEET Spring advance and deck with flow'rets gay, The tomb where HOPKINSON's remains are laid, Ye mules there your constant vigils pay, And guard from ills the consecrated shade. Ye city trees protect your patron's grave, He once from ruin sav'd your leafy charms, Then to his honor, bid your green tops wave, And fold his urn in your embracing arms. Around the sod may roses ever bloom, And lilies pour their aromatic tide, There oft the lyre th' elegiac task assume, And notes like his be offer'd at his side. Notes such as once he pour'd at BREMNER's urn, Lays such as those he offer'd at his shrine, But ah, what muse can make a just return, For lays so mournful, or a note so fine! Loft to his country is that sprightly vein, That attic wit that grac'd his classic pen, He now assumes a more exalted strain, And quits for angels the pursuits of men. In those bright realms where patriot shades repose, He joins his FRANKLIN, gone not long before; There nature all her mystic wonders shews, There opens all her variegated store. From those high orbs he sees with rapture rise, The Roof he labor'd when on earth 't was erect, And as its turrets reach their destin'd skies, His guardian genius shall the frame protect. Adieu, sweet bard, long may thy mem'ry live, Thy country, grateful, long thy merits own, This artless verse is all a friend can give, 'Tis for that country to erect the stone.
S.
[TO the above Poem it may not be amiss to add, for the information of those residing at a distance who may see it, and be unacquainted with the subject of it, the late ingenious Judge HOPKINSON, that at one time the many beautiful and verdant trees, ornamenting Philadelphia, were threatened with destruction by a legislative act, to prevent, as it was said, danger from fire, and a stagnation of air: It was then the vivacious Mr. HOPKINSON gave new life to the trees, by exploding the ridiculous objections made to them, in a speech of a Pillar in the House of Assembly to the Legislature of the State, which was so successful as to put a total stop to a measure, that would have been deemed a profanation of the rights of many of the Sylvan Deities under the Heathen Mythology, and which, had it succeeded, would have deprived Philadelphia of many an agreeable and shady walk, and of much of its present stateliness and beauty.—Mr. BREMNER was a Musician of great eminence, and a gentleman of much social merit, formerly residing in Philadelphia, to whose memory Mr. HOPKINSON composed a very pathetic and soft Dirge, to the tune of "The Lass of Peatie's Mill": This he set to music, and performed with admirable taste and force of expression on the Harpsichord: Mr. HOPKINSON, now claims, alas! but claims in vain, a tribute from the Muses, of equal elegance: It is not often that a genius like BREMNER's, finds an eulogist like HOPKINSON!—The New Roof, his last celebrated performance, was in defence of our present excellent frame of government, which he had very justly compared to a great Cupola or Dome, supported by the States, as by so many Pillars, and yielding to all an equal and efficient protection.—It is only necessary to add, that Mr. HOPKINSON was the intimate friend, and one of the testamentary executors of the Great FRANKLIN—with whom he had often indulged those philosophical researches and enquiries into the operations of nature, which now, it is probable, in a Superior State, are fully gratified and elucidated, as a just and proper retribution for their industry and zeal in the pursuit of useful discoveries, while bounded by the veil of our present mortal infirmities and imperfections.]
Philadelphia, May 21.
A French ship of 74 guns, with 1500 men on board, it is said is arrived at Newport.
His Excellency Samuel Huntington, and the Hon. Oliver Wolcott, are re-elected Governor and Lieutenant Governor of the State of Connecticut, for the ensuing year.
Charles Jarvis, Samuel Breck, Jonathan Mason, Jonathan Mason jun. William Eustis, John Coffin Jones, and William Tudor, Esquires, are chosen Representatives for the town of Boston the ensuing year.
ARTHUR FENNER, Esq. is elected Governor of the State of Rhode Island, for the ensuing year.—That state is found to contain, by the late census, 68,451 inhabitants.
The respectful and affectionate attention to our beloved Chief Magistrate, exhibited by the citizens of the southern States, evinces how greatly gratified they are by the visit he has made them—and forcibly impresses the mind with a sense of their cordial attachment to the government over which he presides—and the policy and urbanity of the arduous tour he has undertaken.—The animated and patriotic addresses, presented by the cities, towns and corporations, shall appear in course in the Gazette of the United States.
A Constitution, framed by the PEOPLE, is always the palladium of their liberty, and if at any period it becomes useless, or worse than useless, or appears so to the PEOPLE, the PEOPLE, have a right to modify it—to annihilate it, if they please:—Why then talk of certain fixed principles in a Constitution?—there is but one fixed principle. A Constitution should always be the work of the PEOPLE, and framed for the advantage of the governed; every other principle is subordinate and may be changed or modified when and as often as a majority of that PEOPLE think fit. Gen. Advertiser.
The above gave rise to the following paragraphs from a correspondent:—The idea of fixed principles in morals is almost obsolete in the opinion, and agreeable to the practice of many moderns; but this only indicates the low ebb of virtue—the tide will rise again—for truth, which forms the basis of morals, is immutable.
Man has certain unalienable rights—say these depend on the opinion of the majority, and you arm despotism with the most destructive powers—for it has never yet been determined with universal, or even general consent, what are prescriptive, or imprescriptive rights: The security of the liberties of these States depends on a sacred regard to that Constitution which defines their rights:
The eligibility of our situation arises from this idea alone, that the people have agreed on certain fixed principles in government—but, if there are no fixed principles, and we must be perpetually afloat, this world may do for those that love to fish in troubled waters—but as to peace or permanency in existence, or government—or security to freedom, person or property, they are all entirely out of the question.
It would be useful to determine, with some degree of precision, what is meant by the majority's having a right to modify, or annihilate their constitution, whenever they think fit: It seems to convey this idea, That one million and ONE citizens, shall possess the power whenever they think fit to exercise it, to annihilate the rights of one million fellow-citizens.
America sought for her present glorious Constitution—and those who conducted her councils and her arms, in the days of doubtful expectation, are among the warmest friends to this Constitution—"The die long spun doubtful," whether anarchy and disgrace; or government and honor were to crown our labors: Having secured the latter, the idea, that we have agreed on no fixed principles, must make us pause in anguish.
Extract of a letter from Boston, May 10.
Capt. Davis, from London to Boston, with a cargo of £15,000 sterling, is lost; Capt. Scott is missing, and the ship Mercury is totally lost.
Accounts from Pittsburgh to its inst. inform of some recent depredations of the Indians; the guard at the block house at Yellow Creek was attacked and two men killed—at the same time a guard of six men on Crooked Creek was attacked and one man killed—These Indians appear to be ranging parties, having no object but robbery and murder; they are few in number—and although several scouts were sent out, they were not fortunate enough to come up with any of them.
Advices by the Roebuck Capt. Bliss, in 49 days from Bristol inform—
That great discontents and riots prevail in Constantinople, which are encreased by the measures taken to prevent them.
Monsr. de Broglio on the 2d March informed the National Assembly that from accounts of what is passing on the Frontiers of Alsace it appears that a serious counter-revolution is contemplated; great preparations were in consequence ordered and made to counteract it. The antient State prison of Vincennes being ordered to be repaired, a great mob arose and began to demolish the same—the military were called upon and sixty-four persons taken into custody; disorders in the mean time of a more alarming nature took place at the Thuilleries, which menaced the life of the King—in consequence all the gates of the Thuilleries are now shut and no stranger on any account is suffered to enter—all was peace and tranquillity again.
In a violent storm on the 31st Dec. a number of French and Spanish vessels were wrecked on the breakers of Tunis and 1250 African passengers, who were on their return from a pilgrimage to Mecca, with almost all the crews perished. The Russians have passed the Danube in the neighborhood of Brailow—and defeated the Turkish detachments, in every encounter. Peace between Russia and the Porte is talked of; the Empress cannot effect a loan which she expected to negotiate in Amsterdam, Hamburgh and other places. A symptom of peace between Russia and Great-Britain is that the merchants trading to Peterburgh have received orders to forward their vessels as usual. A bill is brought forward in Parliament to appropriate 500,000l. of the unclaimed dividends in the bank to the use of government. A great riot happened in Dublin on the first of March—the police attended at the annual masquerade in the new rooms in Rutland square—armed with fire arms as usual, to keep the peace—a dispute arising between them and the populace which assembled to gratify their curiosity, a battle ensued which lasted five hours and terminated in a victory on the part of the populace, numbers of the guard being killed.
TO CORRESPONDENTS.
THE investigation of Truth, independent of names, party, or prejudice, should be the great object of every Editor of a periodical publication: On this principle, the Editor of the Gazette of the United States, has never refused to insert any animadversions or observations on the sentiments conveyed through this medium to the public, which have been offered. Speculations, pertinent and decent, shall always meet a ready insertion; but personalities, either respecting himself, or others, he means carefully to avoid—the friendly wishes therefore of a correspondent, cannot be complied with, as his remarks would be construed into egotism.— When Truth's bright beams shall clear the visual ray, And fools and knaves in their own shapes display, The bubble built on deep deceit and lies, Shrinks from the light, and like a vapor dies.
Ode to Henry. Elegy. Sonnet on Reflection; and other favors necessarily postponed.
PRICE CURRENT.—PUBLIC SECURITIES.
   FUNDED DEBT.     6 pr. Cents 17 1/2 pr. £. 86 pr. cent.   3 pr. Cents 9 1/2 do. 46 do.   Deferred 6 pr. Cents 9 1/2 do. 45 do.   UNFUNDED DEBT.   Final Sett. and other Certificates 16 do. 80 do.   Indents 9 1/2 do. 45 do.   N. and S. Carolina debts, 12 3/4 15 do. do.  

MASSACHUSETTS SEMI-ANNUAL
Lottery Tickets,
Class Second, sold at the Office of SAMUEL ANDERSON, Chesnut-Street.
May 18, 1791.
(1f)
To be disposed of, BY PRIVATE SALE, A COLLECTION OF
Scarce and Valuable BOOKS,
In various LANGUAGES—being part of a private Library; Among which are the following:
FOLIO. Euripides, Homer, Demosthenes, Xenophon, Plato, Lucian, Plutarch, Paulanias, Procopius, Eusebius, Nicephorus, Cicero, Virgil, Horace, Livy, Tacitus, Seneca, Pliny, &c. Quarto. Pindar, Aristotle, Terence, Ovid, Cæsar, Suetonius, Juvenal, Manilius, &c. Octavo & infra: Septuagint, Aristophanes, Longinus, Theophrastus, Epictetus, Hælod, Orpheus, M. Antoninus, Phalaris, Isocrates, Polyænus, Lucretius, Catullus, Tibullus, Propertius, Paterculus, Florus, Lucan, Statius, Gellius, Ausonius, Vida, Buchanan, Boëtius, Poëtæ minores Latini, Callipædia, Strada, L. Valla, &c. Catalogues may be had, and further particulars learned, at the Book-Store of Messrs. RICE and Co. Market-Street. Catalogues are also stitched up with the AMERICAN MUSEUM. for April.
CONTRACT,
For erecting BRIDGES over the HACKINSACK and PASSAIAK Rivers, between Powlas-Hook and Newark, in the State of New-Jersey.
THE Commissioners appointed by an act of the legislature of the state of New-Jersey, to erect bridges over the Hackinack and Passaiaik rivers, having obtained the necessary surveys, are now ready to receive proposals for performing the same; and offer the following conditions for the consideration of such as may be inclined to contract:
The situation of the bridge across the Hackinack river, will be at one of the following stations, as shall be hereafter determined most eligible.
1st. At the place where the present ferry is established, where the width of the river is 1448 feet.
Depth at the eastern shore, 8 feet 8 inches. Do. western shore, 8 11
Greatest depth, 25 4
2d. At a place more northerly, called Douw's Ferry, where the width of the river is 846 feet.
Depth at the eastern shore 29 feet 10 inches. Do. western shore 12
Greatest depth 35 8
The situation of the bridge across the Passaiaik river, will be at one of the three following stations, as shall be hereafter determined most eligible.
1st. At the place where the present ferry is established, where the width of the river is 676 feet.
Depth at the eastern shore 8 feet 6 inches. Do. western shore 9 6
Greatest depth 17
2d. At a place more westerly, called Beef-Point, where the breadth of the river is 799 feet.
Depth at the eastern shore 11 feet, Do. western shore 4 5 inches, Greatest depth 13 4
3d. At a place still more northerly, called Hedden's dock, in the town of Newark, where the width of the river is 526 feet.
Depth at the eastern shore 4 feet 5 inches, Do. western shore 10 8
Greatest depth 15 11
The bridges are to be constructed on the principles of those erected over Charles, Myrick, and Beverly Rivers in the State of Massachusetts, with a draw to admit a free passage for vessels with fixed standing masts, not less than twenty-four feet wide, to be placed in such part of the bridges as shall be determined most convenient for the navigation of the river, with piles or blocks on each side of the entrance of such draw, as shall be judged sufficient to aid vessels in passing through. Also, one lamp on each side of the draw, to be lighted every night from sunset to sunrise, during the continuance of the lease.
The bridges are to be built with such piles, timber, scantling, and plank, as shall render them perfectly substantial and secure in the opinion of the commissioners, and are to be of a sufficient height to protect them against the tides, which rise at ordinary tides from 5 to 6 feet, and at spring tides from 8 to 10 feet. They are to be 32 feet in breadth, viz.
Allowance for carriage way, 20 feet.
Do. for foot walks, railed off on each side, 4 feet each, 8 feet.
Do. for ballustrades, 1 foot each, 2 feet.
Do. for hand-rails for do. 6 inches each, 1 foot.—Total, 31 feet.
The sides of the bridges to be secured with strong ballustrades, after the manner of the bridge between Boston and Charlestown.
The bridges and draws are to be kept in constant repair, and at the expiration of the lease are to be surrendered in good order, agreeably to the act.
The following are the terms which the commissioners are authorised to offer to contractors:
A lease of the exclusive privilege of the bridges for a period not exceeding 99 years, with a toll equal to three-fourths of the present rates of ferriage.
From an accurate estimate as could possibly be obtained, the actual receipts of the ferries for a medium of five years last past, amount to twelve hundred pounds, New-Jersey currency, per annum, three-fourths of that sum will consequently produce an immediate income of 900 pounds per ann. This may fairly be estimated as the smallest profit that can be calculated upon. The advancing population of the United States, the increasing intercourse between the two cities of New-York and Philadelphia, the facility which the construction of these bridges will give to travelling, the easy communication thereby offered with the state of New-York, on the western side of the Hudson, are all important circumstances, which must necessarily tend rapidly to accumulate the profits of the bridges. The commissioners are moreover authorised by law to raise four thousand pounds to be applied towards making causeways and laying out proper roads connected with the bridges, and have a lottery now on foot for that purpose. As soon as the places shall be determined on where the bridges are to be fixed, and the contracts for erecting them are executed, the roads and causeways will be immediately undertaken.
Such persons therefore as may be inclined to contract on the above principles, will be pleased to send in their terms sealed, within three months from this date, to WILLIAM MAXWELL, Esq., in New-York, specifying the shortest period of lease for which they will undertake to erect the said bridges, together with proper security for performing the same.
SAMUEL TUTHILL, JOHN NELSON, ROBERT KEMBLE, WILLIAM MAXWELL, JOHN PINTARD } Commissioners. Newark, State of New-Jersey, April 22, 1791.
Blank Powers to receive the interest, and for the transfer of the principal of public debt, agreeable to the Rules established in the Treasury Department: Also Blanks for abstracts of Certificates, to be sold by the Editor.
A young man, who has had a large share of experience in the direction of periodical publications, is desirous of procuring employ as Superintendent of a Printing-Office.—Applications, it is requested, may be made to the Editor of the Gazette of the United States, who will reply to all requisite enquiries.
A CARD.
JOSEPH WHEATON
P RESENTS his compliments to his old Military Friends, the Gentlemen of the Civil List, and the Public—wishes they may be informed that he has received a very handsome ASSORTMENT of the best chosen
SPRING GOODS,
By the Pigeon, and other late arrivals, which are now opening at his KNOWN CHEAP STORE, No. 38, Third-Street, North, and which he is determined to dispose of (at wholesale or retail) on so low terms as must make it an object to customers.—Orders from his friends will be attended to with punctuality and dispatch, and the time of payment made convenient.
Philad. May 2, 1791.
MATTHEW M'CONNELL,
IN CHESNUT-STREET, No. 66,
BUYS and SELLS all kinds of THE PUBLIC DEBT OF THE UNION; has frequently occasion to NEGOTIATE INLAND BILLS OF EXCHANGE—and will receive Orders for making SUBSCRIPTIONS to the BANK of the UNITED STATES.
Philadelphia, March 30, 1791.
(96 tf)
Funds of the United States.
ALL kinds of the Public Debt of the Union, bought, sold, or exchanged; Foreign and inland Bills of Exchange, negotiated; Merchandise of all sorts Bought and Sold on Commission, and all other Business in the line of a Broker, transacted by
WILLIAM CLELAND,
At the Office, next door to the Custom-House, State-Street, BOSTON.
PINTARD and BLEECKER, PURCHASE and SELL all kinds of Certificates & Public Securities,
On COMMISSION, at public and private sale, on the following terms:
ON the specie amount of all sales or purchases at auction, one eighth per cent.
On ditto of all sales or purchases at private sale, on all sums below 5000 nominal dollars, one-half per cent.; and on all sums above 5000 nominal dollars, one-fourth per cent.
For receiving interest at the Loan-Office, one per cent.
For making transfers at ditto, one dollar each transfer.
Such persons throughout the United States, as may be pleased to favor the subscribers with their orders, may rely on their being executed with punctuality, fidelity and dispatch, as considerable experience in the public stocks, together with extensive connections in the city of New-York and different parts of the continent, enable them to conduct their operations with peculiar advantages.
PINTARD & BLEECKER,
New-York, No. 57, King-Street.
March 15, 1791.
(97 1aw 6m)
MASSACHUSETTS SEMI-ANNUAL LOTTERY. CLASS II.
THE MANAGERS of the STATE-LOTTERY assure the Public, that the second Class of the SEMI-ANNUAL LOTTERY will positively commence drawing on the day appointed, viz. On Thursday the 13th of October next, or sooner, if the Tickets shall be disposed of. As the Managers have in their several monthly Lotteries commenced drawing at the hour assigned, so they are determined to be equally as punctual in this.
S C H E M E.
NOT TWO BLANKS TO A PRIZE.
25,000 TICKETS, at Five Dollars each, are 125,000 Dollars, to be paid in the following Prizes, subject to a deduction of twelve and an half per cent. for the use of the Commonwealth.
Table with 3 columns: PRIZES, DOLLARS, DOLLARS. It lists various prize amounts and their corresponding dollar values.
TICKETS in the above CLASS may be had of the several MANAGERS, who will pay the prizes on demand; of the TREASURER of the Commonwealth; of JAMES WHITE, at his Book-Store, Franklin's Head, Court-Street—and at other places, as usual.
BENJAMIN AUSTIN, jun. DAVID COBB, SAMUEL COOPER, GEORGE R. MINOT, JOHN KNEELAND, } MANAGERS.
Boston, April 14, 1791.
PHILADELPHIA, May 3. WE, the Commissioners, appointed to receive subscriptions to the Bank of the United States, do hereby give public notice, that the Books will be opened by us for that purpose at the Bank of North-America, on Monday the 4th day of July next.
THOMAS WILLING, SAMUEL HOWELL, BEALE BORDLEY, LAMBERT CADWALADER, DAVID RITTENHOUSE, All the Printers in the United States are requested to publish the above.
ADVERTISEMENT.
THE Subscriber, who served a regular apprenticeship to the business of VENDUE-MASTER, under Mr. GEORGE KELLY, has just opened an OFFICE in the Borough of NORFOLK, Virginia, in a good and convenient House, situated near the County Wharf, where he is in hopes of giving general satisfaction to all those that may be pleased to favor him with their commands.
Norfolk, Virginia, April 21, 1792.
JOHN H. HALL. (1 ep 7w)
PRICE CURRENT.—PHILADELPHIA.
PER QUANTITY. MAY 21.—DOLLARS at 7/6.
Large table listing various goods and their prices. Columns include item names (e.g., Anchors, Allum, Beer, Boards, Beef, Butter, Cedar, Chocolate, Coal, Coffee, Cinnamon, Caffia, Cheele, Candles, Cotton, Currants, Claves, Copperas, Cordage, Cocoa, Duck, Flour, Flax, Fustic, Feathers, Flaxseed, Glue, Ginger, Ginseong, Gunpowder, Hemp, Herring, Hides, Hops, Indigo, Irons, Iron, Junk, Lard, Lead, Leather, Lignum vitæ, Logwood, Meal, Mackerel, Mace, Mustard, Madder, Molasses, Marble, Malt spars, Mahogany, Nutmegs, Nails, Linseed, Train, Spermaceti, Whale, Olive, Ditto pr. case, Bell sweet in flasks, baskets, Oak timber, Porter in casks, London) and their corresponding prices.
COURSE OF EXCHANGE.
Table listing exchange rates for various locations and terms. Columns include location/terms (e.g., Bills of Exchange, London, 90 days, 69; Ditto 60 days, 72 1/2; Ditto 30 days, 73; Amsterdam, 60 days, pr. guilder, 21 1/2; 30 days, 31 3/4; France, 60 days, pr. 5 liv. 6s 8d; 30 days, 6s 8d) and their corresponding rates.
MANUEL NOAH,
BROKER,
No. 91, Race-Street, between Second and Third-Streets, BUYS and SELLS
Continental & State Certificates,
Pennsylvania and Jersey Paper Money, And all kinds of SECURITIES of the United States, or of any particular State.