The national intelligencer and Washington advertiser. (Washington City [D.C.]), 1802-02-08 00:00:00

NATIONAL INTELLIGENCER, AND WASHINGTON ADVERTISER.
VOL. II.
WASHINGTON CITY, PRINTED BY SAMUEL HARRISON SMITH, PENNSYLVANIA AVENUE.
No. CXCVI.
FIVE DOLLS. PER ANN.
MONDAY, FEBRUARY 8th, 1802.
PAID IN ADVANCE.
National Intelligencer.
SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES.
FRIDAY, JAN. 15, 1802.
JUDICIARY BILL.
Mr. WRIGHT of Maryland, observed, that he had been called forth early in this debate rather to defend the state he had the honor to represent, from the unkind imputation of a violation of her constitution, (in which he flattered himself he had succeeded even to the satisfaction of the honorable gentleman himself, who, he presumed, from misinformed, had been induced to make it), than from any desire at that time, to enter into the discussion of the merits of the resolution then under consideration of the Senate. He therefore hoped, he should now be indulged with a few observations on the merits of the resolution before them, and although it had already occupied so much of the time of the Senate, and had been so ably and so fully discussed by honorable gentlemen of great abilities and experience on both sides, yet he should presume to call their attention to such prominent features of the case as had been impressed on his own mind.
This subject has been brought before us in the imposing shape of a recommendation of the President of the United States, the national, the constitutional organ of the government, in his official message to Congress on the state of the Union; a duty imposed on him by the express letter of the constitution, a duty he was bound by the most solemn obligations conscientiously to discharge, a duty that renovated and enlightened America had too recently selected him to discharge, to readily to believe he would unconstitutionally abuse.
Sir, this subject has been submitted to the consideration of the congress of the United States, a body selected for their patriotism, their wisdom, and their virtues, the constitutional organ of the legislative will of the nation, in order to inform their minds, and point their attention to the great and important subjects on which they were convened to deliberate, on the honest discharge of which every thing valuable to America depends. This subject had not been brought before them in a manner to coerce a hasty or an immature decision on the subject, nor had it been left on the vague foundation of suggestion or conjecture, but it had been brought before them in a manner that imposed deliberation, and had been supported by documents that had paralysed and almost sealed the lips of opposition on the point of its expediency.
But, however imposing the manner, or however incontrovertible the matter on which the resolution was predicated, yet, honorable gentlemen are found on this floor to oppose it as a measure of that administration they feel indisposed to support, particularly as it implicates the policy of the late administration, and indeed a measure which was the work of their own hands, which mankind at all times have been prone to admire, and however convinced of their errors, have with great reluctance been brought to confess them.
Sir, it would seem by the course of the arguments on the present question, that we had it in contemplation to break down the federal judiciary altogether, and to subvert ancient foundations, and as if the agents or perpetrators (as the gentleman from Connecticut has politely called them,) with pelting hands intended to destroy that constitution, they had sworn to support, and to leave the community without a judiciary to enforce obedience to the laws, whereby the strong might give law to the weak, the rich oppress the poor, and the artful and the wicked impose on the weak and uninformed; and all with impunity, and indeed would induce a belief, that they alone had either life, liberty or property to be protected. But the fact is, that the old judiciary system, that has answered every necessary purpose from the commencement of the government, remains inviolate. It is the new system established at the last period of the last session of congress, a system whereby sixteen new judges were introduced as circuit judges, several of whom had been promoted to be circuit judges from district judges to make room in the district courts, for gentlemen of congress, who assented to establish this new system, and who therefore were by the constitution disqualified to accept that office, created during the time for which they were elected to serve in congress, and
as he had said before, thereby, indirectly minted offices for themselves, and the favorites of an expiring administration—a measure resisted by the republicans in both branches of the national legislature, a measure which was carried into operation by those from whom the people have revoked their confidence, at the moment their power was passing away, at a time when the business in the federal courts had declined nearly one half, and when the sedition law had ceased to be an engine to restrain the liberty of the press, and to punish men for the expression of their honest political opinions—was all that was intended to be repealed.
Here let me call your attention to the letter of the resolution, which on reading it will be found to extend no further than to the repeal of the act of congress of the last session, by which sixteen new federal judges had been created, and a system established at the annual expense of 150,000 dollars. We are now called on, as the representatives of the nation, as the organ of their legislative will, to determine whether this law, which has been ever odious in the light of the people, and whose birth was not entirely legitimate, shall be repealed. We are informed by the President himself, that it is unnecessary, and that fact has been established by the document submitted to us on the subject of the judiciary courts of the United States. We are informed also, that on the repeal of this law and the making some retrenchments, in the naval & military establishments, which have been already proffered in, is predicated the repeal of the odious internal taxes; and in this manner and to effect this desirable purpose, this subject is brought before us. Can we then hesitate to relieve our people from the burthen of their odious internal taxes, by the repeal of this unnecessary law? I should presume not, if governed singly by the regard to the public welfare; but we have notwithstanding been told by honorable gentlemen, on the other side of the House, that this law ought not to be repealed:
1. Because it is inexpedient. 2. Because it is unconstitutional.
Upon the first point, that of its expediency, he should not detain the Senate longer than to observe, that the document on our table shews, that the old judiciary system, which had been coeval with our government, and had been in operation from its commencement, had been at all times sufficient for the transaction of all the judicial business of the Union; that the business in the courts had already declined nearly one-half under the old system, even at the moment of the establishment of the new one; also that it was contemplated to repeal the odious internal taxes, a considerable source of litigation; and that the more odious sedition law had expired, which they all knew had been a source of considerable litigation; and he was sorry to add, had not placed the judiciary above the reach of abuse; but whether deservedly or not, he dared not to affirm; and that the peace we had lately established with France had put an end to another source of litigation, that of admiralty causes on the prize side of the court of admiralty. From this view of the subject, he himself was entirely satisfied of the expediency of the repeal, and had little doubt that, every gentleman was equally so, that any evidence could convince.
As to the point of its being unconstitutional—It will be recollected that the President himself has recommended the repeal of this law; an evidence of its constitutionality of so high authority with the enlightened people of America, that if it stood singly on that, it would require a federal host to shake it, but we know there are honorable gentlemen on this floor not disposed to confess their respect for that authority on this occasion.—Those gentlemen I will refer to the constitution itself, from whence I presume it will appear that the power now proposed to be exercised is clearly delegated.
In the 8th section, 9th article, Congress shall have power to constitute tribunals inferior to the supreme court.—In the 7th article, Congress shall have power to establish post-offices and post-roads. These are the precise expressions by which Congress acquire the power over the subjects of the inferior courts, and of the post-offices; there is no other authority given them but by these articles; there is no express authority to abolish either courts or post-offices, but the subjects are respectively given to Congress to exercise their legislative will upon, in such manner as should best promote the public good.—I would ask gentlemen if Congress have not established post-offices
without number and abolished them at their will and pleasure, by virtue of their authority under the 7th article above stated; and I should be glad to hear from whence the authority to abolish post-offices is derived unless from the article that only expressly authorizes their establishment, and whether the authority given over the subject has not in all past times been held sufficient to justify the abolishing as well as establishment of post-offices.—He then called on the gentlemen in the opposition to point out a difference between the powers of Congress over the inferior courts and the post-offices, and to shew how it was that Congress could abolish the post-offices under an authority to establish them, and not to abolish the inferior courts under the like authority to establish them, and how the same phraseology that is used in vesting the power in Congress over the post-offices and inferior courts, can be tortured so as to authorize the abolishing post-offices & not to authorize the abolishing the inferior courts. But we have been told that by the 1st section of the 8th article this business is to be explained; let us examine it.—The judicial power of the United States shall be vested in one supreme court, and in such inferior courts as Congress may from time to time ordain and establish. The judges of the supreme and inferior courts shall hold their offices during good behaviour. By this it has been insisted, that the judges of the inferior as well as the superior courts hold their offices during good behaviour, and that we have no power to pass this repealing law because it would operate to dismiss the judges.
He said that Congress by an extraordinary legislative act, with the concurrence of two thirds of the states, had a power to abolish even the supreme court. He asked in such case, what would become of the judges? Would they be entitled to hold their offices as judges, when in the eye of the constitution there was no such office? No certainly! The constitution meant, and could mean nothing else than a judge under the constitution, and the moment the constitution discontinued the office the judge under the constitution ceased to have a political existence, and would not be known to the constitution as a judge. So he concluded by an ordinary act of legislation, the Congress might repeal the law erecting the inferior courts, and on the repeal of the law from whence the legal existence had been derived, constituting them judges, he should be glad to hear how they could be judges, that being created by the law, they derived their existence from the law, and could not as judges survive it; the constitution means a judge known to the law, and not the man who had been a judge, after his political existence. He insisted that Congress can establish legislatively a court, and thereby create a judge; so they can legislatively abolish the court and eventually annihilate the officer; that the inferior courts are creatures of the legislature, and that the creature must always be in the power of the creator; that he who createth can destroy.—But we are asked by the honorable gentleman from New-York, in answer to this, "has a man a right to destroy his own children." Mr. Wright laid he had been taught to believe that man had not been his own creator, but the happy instrument of creation.—But this power that is now denied to us, had been exercised by the gentlemen themselves, in the very law that is now intended to be repealed.—You will see by advertising to that law the district courts of Tennessee and Kentucky are expressly abolished, and the office of a district judge for the states of Tennessee and Kentucky annihilated.—But we are told by honorable gentlemen, that there was a circuit court established, consisting of these two states and another state, and that the judges of the district courts were appointed judges of the circuit courts, & accepted their commissions as such, and therefore they say that they did not destroy the office of the district judges of Tennessee and Kentucky.—He asked if each other state had not district courts; he asked if there had not been circuit courts established in all the states by that law, and if the district courts of the other states had not been continued; and can it be said that a district court composed of a single state as in the case of Tennessee and Kentucky, is not abolished, and the office of a district judge destroyed, because in the same law a circuit court is established, and the district judges appointed circuit judges? Can it be said in fact that it is the same office, when the duties are extended to three states, to sit in three places, as it was when limited to one state and one place; or will gentlemen tell us that if the judges of the district courts had refused
to act as judges of the circuit courts, whether they would have been still judges of the district courts after they had been abolished? or will they say that the commission of a district judge limiting his jurisdiction to a state is the same as that of a circuit judge extending it over three states? And whether the law authorizing the commission over three states ought not to precede the commission vesting that authority.
Mr. Wright asked if Congress, when exercising their authority in the first instance to establish inferior courts, had not the right to limit their continuance to any period, and that at the end of that period, if the law was not continued, what would be the situation of the judge appointed under the law, would his authority continue? Certainly not. And will any gentleman contend on this floor that if a former congress had a right to give limitation to the continuance of a law that the present Congress have not the same authority to limit or to discontinue. Honorable gentlemen, however ingenious, will find themselves, he presumed, unable to solve these difficulties, or to reconcile these inconsistencies; for his part the authority by which this subject had been brought before them, the recommendation of the President, had been powerful. The letter and spirit of the constitution, when recurred to, had established him in that opinion, that they were justified in the measure now proposed, and the practice of Congress in abolishing the district courts of Tennessee and Kentucky, satisfied him that it was no new idea, no new exercise of power, and further that nothing in the form of a constitution can be drawn so guardedly that gentlemen may not be found to differ on its true construction, and even, as in the present case, at different times and on different occasions, differ themselves in the construction of the same instrument. If all these considerations were not sufficient to satisfy gentlemen, and we were obliged to recur to the principles on which this instrument must have been established, we shall find that we do not in any degree violate them by the construction we put on them. If the British government is recurred to, from whence the late governments borrowed their principles, or if the state constitutions are resorted to, we shall find thoroughly incorporated, the principles for which we contend, that the judges are independent only of the Executive, but never above the law giving them their political existence. He admitted, with the gentleman from New-York, that judges ought to be the guardians of the constitution; so far as questions were constitutionally submitted to them; but he held the legislative, executive, and judiciary, each severally the guardians of the constitution, so far as they were called on in their several departments to act; and he had not supposed the judges were intended to decide questions not judicially submitted to them, or to lead the public mind in legislative or executive questions, and he confessed he had greater confidence in the security of his liberty in the trial by jury, which had in all times been considered as the palladium of liberty, than in the decision of judges, who had at some time been corrupt.—For his part, he did not wish to break down the judiciary or the judges, or to violate the constitution, though he confessed he should feel as secure in the decision of the state judges in even federal questions, with an appeal to the supreme federal court, as in the present judges, and indeed the constitution in the 4th art. 2. sec. which imposes on all state judges the oath to observe the constitution and laws of the United States, always seemed to him to consider the state courts in a certain degree judges of federal questions. Nor had he ever been able to raise a doubt in his own mind as to the propriety of trusting state judges to decide federal questions, with an appeal to a federal court; when he considered that state juries had always been trusted to decide all questions from whose decision there was no appeal; and indeed the state courts at all times had been the only judicial guardians of our rights, whose integrity had never been impeached. The gentleman from New-York is so careful of the constitution, that he wished it secured by walls of brass. Does he apprehend others with to violate it, and himself its exclusive guardian, and that other gentlemen do not hold themselves equally bound to protect it, or have nothing worth protecting. For his part he had sworn to support it, and never should intentionally violate it; but he believed that no human invention could make it more secure than it was, deposited in that hal-
lowed temple, and locked by the key of our holy religion.
TUESDAY, JAN. 19, 1802.
Mr. CHIPMAN, of Vermont—
Mr. President—After the length of time which has already been consumed, and the abilities which have been displayed in this debate, I can have but little hope of exhibiting any thing new for the consideration of the Senate. Yet momentous as I consider the decision to be made on the present question, involving consequences powerfully affecting the most important principles of the constitution, I cannot persuade myself to give a merely silent vote on the occasion. In the observations which I intend to make, I shall endeavor briefly to examine some of the principal arguments on which, which have been offered in favor of the resolution on your table.
The arguments in support of the resolution have been reduced under two general heads:
1. The expediency of repealing the law contemplated in the resolution, and 2. The constitutional power of Congress to repeal that law.
To evince the expediency of the measure it has been said, that the system of 1793 was adequate to all the purposes of the national judiciary; and that the judges appointed under that system were competent to all the judicial duties required. Upon this, Sir, I shall briefly observe, that from the number of terms of the supreme and circuit courts, and the immense distance to be travelled, the labour was unreasonably great. From the labours, and fatigues of riding the circuit there could not be allowed time sufficient for those studies, and for that calm and deliberate attention, which is so necessary to a proper discharge of the duties of a judge.
At times it has happened, that a supreme judge could not attend a circuit court; from this circumstance, the court in the district to which I have the honor to belong, has more than once failed to be holden. At other times the arrival of the judges has been so late, that the proper business of the term could not be completed. These failures occasioned very great delay, expence and vexation, to the suitors; and we know, that the same or greater failures and delays have unhappily been experienced in other parts of the United States, failures and delays which I cannot attribute to any criminal negligence of the judges, but to the burthensome duties imposed by that system, and the infirmities and accidents to which men must ever be exposed, in the performance of labors so arduous and extensive.
To prove that, Sir, judges of the supreme court must have been competent to all the duties of that and the circuit courts, the honorable gentleman, who brought forward the resolution, drew a comparison from the courts and judges in England. He has told us, that in England there are but 12 judges, and three principal courts, that these courts embrace in their original or appellate jurisdictions almost the whole circle of human concerns, that the two courts of King's-bench and Common pleas, consisting each of four judges, entertain all the common law suits of 40s. and upwards, arising among nine millions of the most commercial people in the world; and that they have moreover the revision of the proceedings of all the subordinate courts in the kingdom down to the courts of piepounder; and that from long experience these courts have been found fully competent to all the business of the kingdom. This statement, Sir, is by no means correct. In England the House of Lords is the supreme court of appeals in the last resort in causes both at law and in equity; instead of three there are four superior courts. The court of chancery in which are decided, all suits and matters in equity, including a very numerous and important class of causes. The courts of king's-bench, common pleas and exchequer, all of which have original jurisdiction in civil causes; and the king's bench, beside being the highest court of criminal jurisdiction, has also the correction and revision of the proceedings of all the subordinate courts, by writ of error or otherwise. The subordinate courts, which were barely mentioned, are very numerous. There are in England, exclusive of Wales, more than 40 counties, all of which have their separate courts and judges. Some of the counties are regular franchises. Lancaster, Chester and Durham, have their separate court, both of law and equity, which claim cognizance of causes and parties within their respective jurisdictions, even against the courts at Westminster. There are also an immense number of cities and towns corporate throughout

the kingdom, the courts and judges of which, though more or less limited in their jurisdiction, entertain a vast variety of civil suits. There are besides these, the high court of admiralty, which has an exclusive jurisdiction in maritime causes; the courts of the two universities, the prerogative court of the archbishop of Canterbury, the archiepiscopal court of York, the diocesan and other ecclesiastical courts, having also an extensive jurisdiction of a civil nature in causes testamentary and those relating to the distribution of the goods of intestates.
Wales is a principality, and its courts have exclusive original jurisdiction within the territory. The great sessions is the highest court of the principality, from which a writ of error lies in the court of King's Bench. The subordinate courts and judges are equally numerous in proportion to the territory and inhabitants with that of England. I omit the courts of conscience and other inferior courts, and magistrates almost without number. From this view, though imperfect, it is evident that the comparison attempted by the honorable gentleman is by no means favorable to his conclusion. The population of that country exceeds in number that of the United States by one third, perhaps more, but its whole extent inclusive of Wales, though not comprehended in the nisi prius circuits, does not equal one of the circuits of the United States, under the system of 1793; and yet that country employs, it is believed, more courts and judges not only than the government of the U. States, but than all the individual states taken in addition. I do not however conceive that any advantage is to be derived from the comparison to the one side or the other. The situation of property and civil polity, numerous and complicated rights, introduced by ancient usages and supported by laws and habits, and by interests public and private, may render a greater number of courts and judges, a more extensive judicial system necessary in one country than in another. I think it ought to be laid wholly out of the question.
It has been said that a knowledge of the local laws, of the customs and manners of the several states, is necessary to the judges of the supreme courts, and cannot be dispensed with on appeals in causes arising in different parts of the union, and that the judges can acquire this knowledge in no way but by attending the circuit courts in the several states. But let me observe, sir, that the laws of the several states, which vary from the common law, are to be found in their statute books, in the decisions of their courts and their rules of practice, for no custom can as such become a law, until it shall have been adopted by usages and established by judicial decisions. All these may be made to appear on an appeal, either on the face of the record, in the pleadings, or in a special verdict, or by proper exception, and will afford the court in such case a more correct knowledge, than the recollection of a judge, of what he has caught in the hurry and fatigue of the circuit.
A further objection has been urged against the continuance of the present judicial system, from the additional number of judges which it has introduced, which, it is said, may prove dangerous to the liberties of the country. An honorable gentleman from Georgia (Mr. Jackson) cited the opinion of an author who has written on the British constitution, that the greatest political evil which could befall a country was the existence of large judiciary bodies, and who had illustrated his ideas on that subject by instance the parliaments of France. This observation does not, neither was it meant by the author to apply to any particular number of courts in due subordination, each consisting of a small and limited number of judges, and employed solely in proper judicial business. But it applies with force to courts composed of numerous bodies of members, and who in addition to their proper judicial functions, are permitted to assume an authority in the political concerns of the nation. Such were the parliaments of France, the late judicial courts of that country; particularly the parliament of Paris. The body of members was very numerous, and as it was necessary that all royal edicts, before they were to be considered as laws, should be registered in that court, they claimed the right of deliberating and deciding on the registration of any edict offered by royal authority, and consequently of permitting or refusing it the sanction of a law. With this claim that body certainly became dangerous to the existing government, and the contest which ensued between them and the king on this subject, had no doubt a powerful effect in precipitating the late revolution in that country. But there is nothing in all this which can be applied to the courts of the United States. Let me observe, sir, that there has always appeared to me, in the system of 1793, which is sought to be restored, a very great and manifest impropriety. The circuit courts were in that system, though subordinate, in some measure blended with the supreme court, one or more of the judges of the supreme court being always judges of the circuit courts. This rendered the supreme court a fluctuating body, some of the judges of the supreme court being always excluded in the decision of causes coming by
appeal from the different parts of the United States. And when two supreme judges held the circuit courts, of the four remaining judges, who were to decide on an appeal, three might reverse a judgment against the opinion of the fourth, and the opinion of the two judges in the circuit court. This has always appeared to me, to say no more, a very glaring impropriety in that system. The circuit courts under that system have indeed been compared to the nisi prius courts in England, but the slightest attention will convince any one that they do not compare. The circuit courts in our system are courts of original and distinct jurisdiction; not to the courts of nisi prius in England—they are considered as a branch of the superior courts at Westminster, and are held by a commission of assize usually issued to a judge of one of the superior courts, and an associate for each of the six circuits into which England is for that purpose divided. When a cause in any of the superior courts is by the pleadings put on an issue of fact, it is with the record sent to be tried at nisi prius by a jury of the proper county; instead of calling up a jury to try it at bar in Westminster Hall. After the trial at nisi prius, the verdict with the record is remitted to the court, out of which it was sent, and there the opinion of the nisi prius judge and the conduct of the jury are examined and considered as matters passing in the same court. Here then the comparison wholly fails; there is no similarity between the two systems, except that of a judge riding the circuit.
Here, sir, I shall wave any farther observations on this part of the subject, and come to the great question which it is necessary to decide. Have Congress the constitutional power to repeal the law as contemplated by the honorable mover of this resolution? To abolish the courts established by that law, put down the judges and abolish their salaries? It is true, as was observed by the honorable gentleman from Georgia (Mr. Baldwin) that the resolution does not necessarily involve that question, because the repealing act, if the resolution should be adopted, may be so modified as to avoid any difficulty on the great point. But as the honorable mover avowed his intention to be an abolition of the courts, the offices of the judges and their salaries, and as the principal arguments have in the course of this debate been directed by that view of the subject, I shall be permitted to consider it on that ground.
One source of argument in favor of the measure proposed, has been derived from the powers considered as incident to every legislative body. It is said that a power to repeal all its legislative acts is inseparably incident to every sovereign legislature—that the act, the repeal of which is contemplated, is a legislative act of Congress, therefore Congress necessarily has the power to repeal it—that to admit the contrary, is to say that the power of Congress at one time is not equal to its power at another time—that a subsequent act may be bound by the acts of a former Congress, contrary to a very important maxim in legislation—in a word that it is to make the creature greater than the creator, as it denies to Congress the power over its own acts, which it has passed, and will in course put a stop to all amendments, all improvements of our laws. This doctrine, here meant to be asserted, is not in the full extent applicable to the legislative powers under our constitution. There are acts which Congress are by that instrument expressly denied the power of passing—there are acts which whenever passed, Congress cannot repeal, or rather the effects of which they cannot even suspend, much less can they destroy. They are expressly denied the power of passing ex post facto laws; and this applies no less forcibly to a repealing act than to any other act—it is by its operation that the nature of the act is in this case determined. Every act which by its operation attempts to divest any right previously acquired, whether by a former act of legislation, or by any other lawful means of acquisition, is in name, nature and essence, ex post facto.
Indeed, sir, I apprehend that some gentlemen have been led into a mistake on this subject, by an incautious admission of maxims and theories of legislative powers in another government; but which do not apply to our government, as instituted and limited by our constitution. There are, sir, in every nation two kinds of legislative powers. The one is original and extraordinary; and may be called the power of political legislation. It is by an associating nation employed in forming and organizing the government, in disposing its powers and defining, or limiting their exercise. The other is derivative, the ordinary power of legislation, and is employed in the civil regulations of the community. In the first consists the political sovereignty of the nation. This power is transcendent. It is paramount to all other powers in the nation. It can create powers, rights and duties, and can abolish them at pleasure; not because what it does, is always wise or even just; but because no other power in the nation can have a right, or can be equal to controul its operations. In Great-Britain, from ancient usage, the consent of the nation witnessed by long and general acquiescence, both the ordinary and the ex-
traordinary powers of legislation are considered to be vested in the parliament of the nation—acting in this capacity of political sovereign of the nation, the British parliament can create rights, and can destroy existing rights at will; although in exercising such acts of power, they proceed with great caution, and are careful to indemnify individuals whose rights may have been injured. In this capacity, it can, as it has done, new model the government. It can fix and alter the duration of parliaments, and change and limit the descent of the crown. Indeed vested with this power, in addition to the ordinary powers of legislation, the figure is hardly too bold, by which when acting on subjects within the reach of its authority, it is said to be omnipotent. Not to the congress of the United States, they possess not that transcendent power, that uncontrollable sovereignty of the nation; they possess the ordinary powers only of legislation; and these powers, they derive under the constitution of the United States: by this instrument their powers are instituted, limited and defined. This instrument is the act of the political sovereign, the people of the United States. To them it was proposed, and they through their agents empowered for that purpose enacted it the fundamental and supreme law of the national government. They have said, as they had a right to say, on this subject congress shall act; or that they may act at their discretion; here the congressional power is limited, there is placed a barrier which shall not be passed. Congress, as I observed, possess not this paramount power; but in one mode, provided for altering and amending the constitution, they are under certain restrictions, permitted an inceptive power. They have a right to originate proposals of amendments, which when ratified by three-fourths of the State legislatures, to which the national sovereignty is in this instance referred, are adopted into and become a part of that instrument; in another mode, the state legislatures have the power of inception. They also may originate proposals of amendments, which congress must refer to a convention of the people for their ultimate acceptance and ratification. In this instance alone have the people of this country referred to themselves a portion of the national sovereignty, in the exercise of which only is found that voice of the people, which, because it is not to be resisted, is sometimes called the voice of God. This, sir, is the authority of that supreme law under which we act, the constitution of the United States; an authority indispensably binding. We have no right, when we wish to carry a favourite measure to which we find some barrier opposed by the constitution, to prostrate or overleap that barrier. We have no right to say that the national sovereign, could it now be consulted, would dispense with the limitation, would remove the barrier, which, in our present opinion, stands opposed to the public good.—No, sir, we may not approach this ground.—It is dangerous; it is an usurpation of the national sovereignty.—We are but agents of the nation acting under a limited authority.—All our acts which exceed that authority are void.
These are the principles to be applied in the investigation of constitutional powers.—Let us then examine the constitution upon these principles, and fairly determine whether we are permitted the power for which it has been contended, the constitutional power to remove a judge, by abolishing the office, and consequently to deprive him of his salary? The first provision which we find in the constitution relating to the judicial department is in the second section, where among other powers enumerated, it is declared that Congress shall have power "to establish tribunals inferior to the supreme court."—Upon this it was observed by the honorable gentleman from Georgia (Mr. J.) that this being a grant to Congress of a legislative power to establish inferior courts, necessarily includes the incidental power to repeal; that this being a first grant cannot be restrained nor taken away by any subsequent provision in the constitution upon the same subject; that we are to take the rule of construction that the first grant and the first words of the grantor in a deed, shall prevail over a subsequent grant or subsequent words of a different import.—Are we, indeed, sir, to apply in the construction of the constitution, the law, the supreme law of the nation, the rules devised for the construction of a deed, a grant, by which a few paltry acres are transferred from one individual to another? No, sir, very different are the rules of construction; the first act of the grantor but the last act of the legislature shall prevail; or where in any case is the power to repeal? Another rule more universally applicable is that you shall so construe a law that every part of it if possible may stand together, that every part may have its operation. Thus if there be a general provision in the former part of a law, and there follow a particular provision, which cannot take effect unless some part of the former provision be set aside, the latter shall be considered as a limitation of the former, and which shall be carried into effect so far only as it is not incompatible with the latter.
[To be Continued.]
WASHINGTON CITY.
MONDAY, FEBRUARY 8, 1802.
We understand, that on the completion of the definitive treaty between France and England, Mr. JACKSON, now at Paris, will be constituted minister Plenipotentiary from the latter country to the United States.
THOMAS JEFFERSON, President of the United States of America.—To all to whom these presents shall come, GREETING:—
DON VALENTIN DE FORANDA, having produced to me his commission as Consul General of the Spanish Nation within the United States of America, I do hereby recognise him as such, and do declare him free to exercise and enjoy such functionary powers and privileges, as are allowed to Consuls of the said nation by the treaty subsisting between the United States and His Catholic Majesty.
IN TESTIMONY whereof I have caused these letters to be made patent and the Seal of the United States to be hereunto affixed.
GIVEN under my hand at the City of Washington, the twenty-ninth day of January, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and two, and of the Independence of the United States of America, the twenty-sixth.
TH: JEFFERSON.
By the President, JAMES MADISON, Secretary of State.
Extract of a letter from William Kirkpatrick, esq. dated Malaga, 27th November, 1801, to the secretary of state.
"Commodore Dale, called in here on the 4th inst. in the frigate President, accompanied by the Philadelphia and Essex. The Commodore proceeded on the 9th inst. for Mahon, to enquire into the truth of some cruizers, said to have been fitted out at that island, for the purpose of capturing American and Swedish vessels, as mentioned in the inclosed copy of a letter from our minister in Madrid. This information, I now learn by a letter from Robert Montgomery, esq. consul at Alicante, dated 12th inst. to be false. He says, "the report of Tripoline cruizers having been fitted out at Mahon is false, and contradicted by the arrival of a Swedish frigate, from that port a few days ago. The Philadelphia proceeded up the Mediterranean with a convoy of American and Swedish vessels, and the Essex is now cruising in the gut, watching the motions of the two Tripoline cruizers, laid up at Gibraltar."
"Advises from every quarter, afford me room to think, that none of our vessels have yet fallen into the hands of the Tripolines, which is a flattering circumstance, considering the great number that have ventured up and down the Mediterranean, without any protection whatever. A Swedish frigate is daily expected from Alicante with a convoy bound out of the Streights, and it is said, three more are on their way from Sweden."
[TRANSLATION.]
From the Papal Periodico of Havana of the 7th January, 1802.
"By order of the governor and captain general, the following is published in order that it may come to the knowledge of those concerned, and that they may fulfil the same."
"All Spanish subjects and foreigners, who are not authorized to reside in this island in conformity to the sovereign laws and ordinances, shall depart from it within the term of one month; otherwise they will be treated with the severity provided in the said laws and ordinances, and more especially those who traffic contrary thereto."
"This term shall be two months for such as have accounts depending in relation to neutral vessels, which have imported provisions and other effects during the war: but these fees being free since the 11th of December last past, such as had accounts ought to have begun to close them; and consequently the time prescribed is amply sufficient for their conclusion."
"The magistrates, judges of wards, and captains of districts, are charged with the fulfilment of the above."
Extract of a letter from Smyrna, dated 17th Sept. 1801, to Consul Appleton, at Leghorn.
"A vessel has lately been purchased here by the Tripolines, for the purpose, it is said, of arming her on a cruise against the Americans. She is an Adriatic hull, with 3 polacca masts, mounts 13 guns of a side, with 2 stern-chasers, has a yellow streak, about two feet broad at the height of her ports; four cabin windows, that open, and two false ones, with a Phenix painted in the centre of the stern, standing upon the
stump of a tree, surrounded with a blaze of fire as if just rising out of it; a bird head of a middling size, standing on a level and painted white. She is now at the careening-wharf, and when she returns to port and is ready for sea, if any alterations are made, shall duly inform you, as also the quantity of men the may have on board when she goes out to sea."
In several orchards near New-York, a 2d growth of Apples has appeared this season. One of those Apples measured 4 1-2 inches in circumference.
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, U. S.
THURSDAY, Feb. 4, 1802.
An engrossed bill, for the relief of Lyon Lehman, was read a third time, and passed.
A remonstrance from sundry inhabitants of George town, praying, that congress will not pass the bill for establishing the government of the territory of Columbia, now before the House of representatives. Referred.
The speaker laid before the House a letter from the secretary of the navy, enclosing copies of the sailing orders given to the commanders of the frigate Insurgent, and brigantine Pickering.
The secretary states, that no information has been received of the fate of these vessels, from which it is inferred that they were lost in an equinoctial gale.
FRIDAY, Feb. 5, 1802.
The House went into committee of the whole, on the bill for the relief of Isaac Zane, when, after considering the same, the committee rose, and asked leave to sit again.
Leave refused—and the bill recommitted to the select committee who brought in the bill.
Leave of absence granted to Mr. Perkins for remainder of the session.
Mr. RANDOLPH presented a bill making certain partial appropriations for 1802—read twice and referred to a committee of the whole on Monday.
Mr. SMILIE moved the appointment of a committee, to enquire into the propriety of providing by law for securing to the United States, the property of public officers indebted to them, and for the eventual release of such persons from imprisonment. Ordered to lie on the table.
The House went into committee of the whole, on the report of a select committee on the bill, allowing a drawback on goods exported to New Orleans, &c. who reported the concurrence therein.
The House concurred in the report of the committee of the whole, and ordered the bill to be engrossed for a third reading on Monday.
Mr. GILES moved, that the committee appointed on a message of the President, respecting the debts due by the city of Washington to Maryland be instructed to enquire into the expediency of discontinuing the offices of the commissioners of said city; to report by bill or otherwise.
Agreed to.
New-York, Feb. 2.
Yesterday arrived at this port, the brig Rising States, Capt. Wickham, in 22 days from St. Domingo. Capt. Wickham informs us, that Toussaint arrived at the Cape, on the 3d of January, escorted by 400 bohis and foot soldiers, who made a splendid appearance. On his arrival at the gates of the city, he was met by our consul, and a numerous assemblage of white gentlemen. Toussaint, Capt. Wickham states, is a brilliant officer; indefatigable in action; cautious in his proceedings; and is not, as stated in the account of his death, careless and negligent. Respecting his safety, he is under no apprehensions. He keeps a personal guard, however, correspondent with the perilous situation of the island, and the state of the public mind. Capt. Wickham adds that Toussaint had an interview with the American Consul, in which he stated that, in case of an attack on the island, he calculated in some measure, on obtaining provisions from America. He has under his command a numerous army, well disciplined, and determined to refuse every overture for peace derogatory to the views of their chieftain, or the freedom and independence of the island.
Capt. Hall, from Gibraltar, informs us, that six Tripolitan vessels were blockaded in that port, at the time he left it, by the United States frigate Essex. The Tripolitans had captured two Danish vessels in the Straits.
Paris, Nov. 30.
His Excellency Mr. R. R. Livingston, Minister Plenipotentiary from the United States of America, arrived with his family at Nantes, on the evening of the 22d. He lodged at the Hotel de France, where the Prefect immediately waited upon him, and gave him and his suite an invitation to dinner.
The gentleman who exchanged a cloak at the last Dancing Assembly at Mr. Stetson's, may find his own by application at the bar. Feb. 1, 1802.

PHILADELPHIA, Feb. 2, 1802.
At a numerous and respectable meeting of the citizens of Philadelphia held by adjournment in the Senate chamber.
MATTHEW LAWLER, Esq. Mayor of the City of Philad. chairman.
The committee appointed for the purpose, reported a memorial to the Congress of the United States, and one to the legislature of this state, which were read, and after being duly considered, were adopted, as follows:
To the SENATE and HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES of the UNITED STATES of AMERICA, In Congress assembled.
The Memorial of the Subscribers, Citizens of the City and County of Philadelphia,
Respectfully represents, That your memorialists viewed with deep concern the origin, progress and final passing of the law entitled "An act to provide for the more convenient organization of the courts of the United States." The time it was brought forward; the manner in which it was conducted through its several stages; and more particularly the subsequent appointments under it; all excited their most fearful apprehensions; the obstinate refusal of its supporters at the time to suffer any alterations to be made in it, could not fail to encrease their fears; and the recent bold avowal of one of its most zealous friends "that all amendments were pertinaciously rejected," most incontrovertibly evinces that their alarms were well grounded. Your memorialists view this law as originating rather in a disposition to extend and perpetuate the power of a party, than in a desire to promote the administration of justice, or the true interests of the country; to detail all the reasons for the repeal of this law would be to recapitulate those given to ably by the republican Senators who have advocated the repeal. Your memorialists, therefore, deeming the said law improper and unnecessary, request your honorable body, that the same may be repealed; and your memorialists as in duty bound will pray, &c.
To the SENATE and HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES of the COMMONWEALTH of PENNSYLVANIA.
The MEMORIAL of the Subscribers, inhabitants of the City of Philadelphia. Respectfully shews,
That, whenever any object of a great and national concern is about to be discussed and decided, by the representatives of the people, they conceive it highly important, that those representatives should know explicitly, the sentiments and wishes of their constituents, upon the subject; and that it is the indispensable duty of those constituents to communicate that information.
That though the Senators of the United States are the representatives of the people; yet, as they are appointed immediately by the different state legislatures, it has been customary for them to receive instructions upon important measures, from the legislatures by whom they were appointed.
That a bill, now before the Senate of the United States, for the repeal of a law entitled, "An act to provide for the more convenient organization of the courts of the United States," passed on the 13th day of February, 1801, your memorialists conceive to be of the utmost importance to the true interests of our country; and that it affords a proper and necessary occasion of giving legislative instructions to the Senators, representing the state of Pennsylvania, in the federal legislature.
The law in question was passed with a degree of overbearing insolence, and a determined abuse of power, which can never be recollected by the real friends to the union without regret.
Those who opposed the law, saw its progress through the two houses of Congress with indignation; they viewed it as a daring experiment of an expiring party, to ascertain how far the constitution might be made subservient to the purpose of perpetuating that power, which the people had determined no longer to trust in their hands.
The ostensible object of the law is to promote the administration of justice: yet from the manner in which it passed, and the indecent haste with which the appointments under it were made, it is evident, that the administration of justice, was but a secondary object.
Should the constitution of the United States be called in to support this exertion of the legislative power, as yet unparallelled in the annals of the union; should this law be deemed, on constitutional grounds, as beyond the reach of repeal, well may we fear, that the instrument which we have been taught to revere as the ark of our safety, will, at some future period, be converted to the utter destruction of our liberties. Our impressions upon this subject, are the more lively, when we recollect the extensive plan upon which it was attempted to establish federal courts; a plan evidently calculated to produce a dangerous concentration of power in the United
States' government, and, in a great degree to destroy the independence of the individual states.
Your memorialists, therefore, request, that the Senators representing the state of Pennsylvania, may be instructed to use their exertions, to procure a repeal of the said law.
And your memorialists will ever pray. (Signed)
MATTHEW LAWLER, Chairman. MATHEW GAREY, Secretary.
New-York, Feb. 2.
The hon. the Legislature of this state met in Albany on Tuesday last. The hon. Thomas Storm, of New-York, was unanimously elected Speaker of the House of Assembly.
At 12 o'clock his Excellency the Governor met the two Houses in the Assembly chamber, and opened the session with a speech, of which the following is a copy:—
Gentlemen of the Senate and Assembly, I cannot refrain at this first opportunity presented me for meeting the legislature, from congratulating you upon the flourishing condition of the United States. Under an administration extensively possessing and highly meriting the public confidence, we have reason to believe that the external and mutual relations of the states will command every proper attention, and engage every proper support.
Our participation with our sister states, in the general prosperity, ought not, however, to diminish our exertions in cultivating those peculiar advantages with which we are favored by the Supreme Dispenser of all good; and in obeying the injunction of the constitution, to recommend such matters to the consideration of the legislature, as shall appear "to concern the good government, welfare and prosperity of the state." I feel confident that nothing in your power will be wanting for the promotion of those important objects.
The importance of a well regulated militia, as most congenial with the spirit of our free government, as in a great measure superceding the necessity of standing armies, and as augmenting the power and respectability of the nation, is so obvious, and so great, that too much attention can hardly be devoted to this inestimable object. A general revision of the system appears to me to be essential. Contrarieties exist between the laws of the United States and this state, which impede and embarrass the proceedings under them. A sufficient discretion is not left in the formation and organization of new corps, or in the reduction of those already established, according to circumstances; and the law requires the aid of additional sanctions to render it efficient. It may be proper here to mention, that the state has expended large sums in the purchase of cannon, small arms and military stores, and that no adequate provision is made for their due preservation; and unless this is speedily and effectually done, those expenditures will be in a great measure rendered useless, as will particularly appear by the report of the Commissary of military stores, which will be delivered to you. Our constitution contemplates the establishment of well supplied magazines and arsenals, in every county of the state. If this cannot be literally complied with, it is surely our duty to endeavor to conform to the spirit of the provision.
The advantages resulting to the agricultural and commercial interests of the state, from facilitating the means of communication between different parts of the country, have heretofore been acknowledged in the liberal grants of the legislature. Large sums have been granted for making canals, improving our navigable waters, erecting bridges, and opening roads—and the attention of the government has recently been particularly drawn to the incorporation of turnpike companies. The superintending and fostering care of the legislature is still necessary to extend the public utility of pursuits of this nature; but if future incorporations of turnpike companies should be deemed expedient, it may be worthy of consideration, whether former ones have been sufficiently guarded, in prescribing the original laying out of the roads, in a manner most subservient to the public convenience, and whether a summary mode ought not to be prescribed to exact a compliance from these companies with the intentions of government.
The system for the encouragement of common schools having been discontinued, and the advantages to morals, religion, liberty and good government, arising from the general diffusion of knowledge being universally admitted; permit me to recommend this subject to your deliberate attention. The failure of one experiment for the attainment of an important object, ought not to discourage other attempts.
Such other matters as may be deemed worthy of your notice, will be communicated in the course of the session, as usual, by message.
Gentlemen, When we reflect on the rapid progress of our population; on the extension of our settlements; on the flourishing condition of our agriculture and commerce; on the progress of religion, literature and use-
ful knowledge; and on the general prosperity of our fellow-citizens, we cannot but acknowledge with humble gratitude, the benign dispensations of divine Providence in granting us a free representative government, which may be considered as the principal source of the distinguished blessings we enjoy. Let it then be our care, as it is our duty, to cherish the principles of a government which has produced so much good. Let us guard against every encroachment or deviation, and unite in every effort to render it perpetual.
GEO. CLINTON. Albany, January 26, 1802. We have omitted, for want of room, all notice of local topics in the preceding speech.
A BREWER. AN English Brewer wants a situation as Manager of a Brewery in any healthy part of America. He understands distilling also—Letters post paid, addressed to A B at the printer's of this paper will be attended to. N. B. He would accept a situation as book-keeper or school master. Feb. 8, 1802. ep3t
NOTICE. WHEREAS it is found from experience that from the delinquency of the parents and guardians of children hitherto sent to Charlotte Hall School, that it becomes necessary to employ a collector to whom a commission of 10 per cent. is paid; and whereas it is unreasonable that the Trustees should be burdened with this additional expense of collection when the tuition money as stipulated should be paid in advance.—Therefore, Notice is hereby given, That the tuition from after the first day of January 1802, be five and an half dollars per quarter, but five dollars per quarter paid in advance, will be received in lieu thereof. Signed by order, NEALE H. SHAW, Reg. N. B. A special meeting of the Trustees is requested on the second Monday in March to take into consideration a Law of the last session of Assembly, respecting said school. N. H. S. Reg. Feb. 8, 1802. w2t
VALUABLE LAND FOR SALE. FOR sale about 4500 acres of land belonging to the estate of Judge Mercer, deceased, and situated in the county of Loudoun, on the waters of Goose Creek, about 40 miles from Alexandria and the Federal City. A large portion of this tract is meadow ground, of good quality, and the soil of the high land is well adapted to every species of produce usually cultivated on land similarly situated in the western country. Such portion of it as remains uncleared, affords an extensive and excellent range for flock of every kind. On one part of this land is one of the most valuable mill sites in the state. The supply of water is inexhaustible, and the mill could be erected immediately on the side of the public road leading from Winchester to Alexandria. It is computed that the number of wagons almost constantly travelling along this road, amount to at least 5 or 600. So that a ready market might always be had here, for a very considerable quantity of grain and hay. 'Tis deemed unnecessary to describe more particularly the many advantages of this tract of Land, as it is expected that all persons disposed to purchase, will first view the premises. To accommodate purchasers the whole tract will be divided into lots of 4 or 500 acres each, with as much wood and meadow land to every lot as circumstances will admit. And it is believed that the whole 4500 acres may be so laid off into farms of the above-mentioned size, as to leave in each as much wood and meadow land as would be desired. The price and time of payment will be made known by the subscribers. Letters directed to John T. Brooke, Fredericksburg, or to James M. Garnett, Laytons, will be answered without delay. JOHN T. BROOKE, } Adm'rs JAMES M. GARNETT, } Feb. 8, 1802. ep3t
For 6666 dolls. & 66 cts. AT EASY PAYMENTS.
The subscriber offers for sale a Tract of land on Acquia Creek, in the county of Stafford, containing about 500 acres, two fifths of which is woodland, lying chiefly on the water. This tract possesses the following improvements and advantages.—A two story framed dwelling house and the usual out-houses; orchards of apples, peaches, pears, cherries &c. a falling garden neatly laid out; several springs of excellent water, and a well at the door. The dwelling house is situated on an eminence commanding a most delightful and extensive prospect of the Potomac (from whence it is distant about two miles) for thirty or forty miles; and of the Aquia from its confluence with that river to the head of tide water at Woodstock—a prospect perhaps equalled by few in the U. States. The tract abounds with valuable quarries of free stone of every quality. Some of them contiguous to deep water, and nearer the Potomac than any that are now in operation on said Creek. For one acre, containing a free stone quarry three miles further from the Potomac, the proprietor has resided 3000 guineas, and eleven acres adjoining the said acre, were sold for 6000 dollars. There are also two valuable marl pits, several fishing for rock, shad and herring, and plenty of wild fowl in season. It is believed by good judges, that the timber on the land, and fire wood, if cut ready for market, would command a greater sum than is asked for the whole premises. Wood may be conveyed to the City of Washington with a fair wind, in two tides, the distance being not more than 45 or 45 miles. This land, supposing the timber to be entirely taken off, would in the course of seven or eight years start up thick with cedar, locust and pine. It would be a great acquisition to a grazier, the soil being admirably adapted to the culture of grass.—Apply to the subscriber near Acquia. V. PEYTON. Jan. 15, 1802. xaw2m
FOR SALE. A superb Curricule with plated Harness ALSO a pair of young, handsome and fleet PONIES, and a capital fiddle horse, who never was in harness. Enquire of the Printer. Dec. 18. ep3t
Partnership Dissolved. DOUGHTY & KING have this day by mutual consent dissolved their partnership, it is therefore requested that all persons indebted to the said FIRM will make payment to William Doughty, who is appointed to settle their accounts, and that those having any claim will make application as above. N. B. James C. King continues the business on his wharf near the Rock Creek Bridge. Feb. 3. ep6t
NOTICE. COMMITTED to the jail of Washington County, in the District of Columbia, as a Runaway, a Negro Woman named CHARLOTTE, about nineteen years of age, five feet four or five inches high. She says she is the property of Lewis St. John, near Little Town, Frederick county, Virginia. The owner is requested to come and pay Charges and take her away. DANIEL C. BRENT, Marshal of the District of Columbia. Feb. 5, 1802.
FOR SALE, LOT No. 22, in square No. 169, in the City of Washington, fronting 53 feet 9 inches on the President's Square, and 89 feet 11 inches deep to a 30 feet alley, opposite the War Office, between F. and G. Streets. Its situation in a public point of view, cannot be excelled by any in the City; on it is a well dug and walled up, and part of the cellar cleared out. Title indisputable.—For terms apply to THOMAS HERTY, Near Rhodes's City Tavern. Feb. 3. ep3t
Valuable property for Sale. ON Tuesday the 23d of February next, will be offered to sale to the highest bidder, at Tunnicliff's Tavern at 4 o'clock in the evening, a two story BRICK HOUSE, with 2 rooms and a passage on each floor; situate on Lot No. 10, in square 728, in the City of Washington, on East Capitol Street. The terms will be made known on the day of sale, by SAMUEL TYLER, Jan. 25, 1802. iaw2t
For Sale or Rent, Two three story brick houses in Alexandria, completely finished, on King and Columbia, front, with sundry valuable property near the same, possession whereof may be had immediately. The situation for the flour and grocery business is equal to any in Alexandria. For terms apply to Henry Thomas Moore Alexandria, or to the publisher. NICHOLAS VOSS.
Fifty Dollars Reward. RANAWAY on Saturday night the 26th of last month, a Mulatto named CYRUS, about 21 or 22 years of age, five feet six or seven inches high, with dark bushy hair. He has served an apprenticeship with a millwright, and is a good workman. He stole from Popes Creek, the estate of Daniel M'Carty, Esq., in the county of Westmoreland, a small sorrel horse, a neat light saddle, not much worn, made by James Smock, Fredericksburg, and a snaffle bridle, with a variety of wearing apparel. He has for wife a maid belonging to general Lee of Stratford, and it is conjectured he will endeavor to secret himself in the neighbourhood of the City of Washington, in expectation of meeting with his wife. Whoever will apprehend the said slave and deliver him to me, shall receive the sum of fifty dollars; and I will also give a farther reward of ten dollars to any one who may restore the horse and saddle. JOHN ROSE. Virga. Leeds, Jan. 17, 1802. w2t
JOHN BYRNE, At his wholesale and retail Wine, Spirits and grocery Store, in Prince, near Water-street, Alexandria. Offers for sale at very moderate prices, London particular Madeira } Wines. do. do. Teneriffe } Choice Lisbon, Port and Madeira } Cognac brandy, Holland gin, old Jamaica spirits, anniseed cordials, fine teas, coffee, chocolate, loaf, lump, and brown sugars, nutmegs, mustard, pepper, Florence oil, raisins, starch, molasasses, cakes, &c. &c. A small assortment of tea-trays, waiters, brass cocks, and Dutch ovens; with excellent Irish linen and dowlas sheeting by the piece. The quality and prices of the above are peculiarly calculated to recommend them to the keepers of boarding houses, and to give satisfaction to such gentlemen as may wish to provide their own wines, &c. Alexandria, Dec. 21, 1801. en4w
MR. SPRIGG, THE owner of LEBBOO, was not desirous, after the races at the City, to run a gainst Mr. Taylor's horse LEVIATHAN, he would have thought it ungenerous to have made such a proposition. But as Mr. Taylor has declared in the public prints that "he can be accommodated for his own sum, not being less than 1500 dollars." Mr. Sprigg will run with him over the City Course, on the 15th day of May next, for 3000 dollars, the four mile heats, agreeably to the rules of racing. As major Foreman, the owner of Ranger, wishes an opportunity of contending with Leboo and Leviathan, he can never have a better one than at the same time and place; but if that should not be convenient, Mr. Sprigg will run Leboo against Ranger on the firm Monday in June, over the Govet's Town Course, the four mile heats, for 3000 dollars or for any sum between that and 1000, as major Foreman may think proper. Jan. 15, 1802. ep6t
Advertisement. RANAWAY from the subscriber on Saturday night last a Negro MAN, named TIMOTHY FARMER, about 24 or 25 years of age, five feet 6 inches high, a chunky made fellow, wears his hair clubbed, had on when he went away an old wool hat, new felled lincey coat, and an old broad cloth coat, a pair of mixed coloured black and yellow trowsers and waistcoat, a pair of black yarn stockings, a pair of shoes lately mended; took with him a pair of white mittens, with blue & white fringes. Whoever takes up said Negro and secures him, so that his master may get him again, shall receive SIX DOLLARS if in the county, if out of the county, ten dollars, and if brought home, all reasonable charges paid, by me DANIEL ROOT, jun. Living near Liberty Town in Frederick county, state of Maryland. Jan. 29, 1802. ep3t
Washington City, District of Columbia. BROUGHT before me as a stray, by Jared Gibson, a dark bay GELDING, about 4 years old, and 12 or 13 hands high, clumsy made, no white about him except two or three hairs on his back, no artificial mark, stood before, a short dock, with a twitch tail. BENJAMIN MORE. The owner of the above horse is desired to call, prove his property, pay the charges and take him away. JARED GIBSON. Jan. 29, 1802. ep3t
Just Published And for sale at Mr. Duane's Book Store, a pamphlet, entitled "Reflections on Government, Philosophy, and Education." CONTAINING also some remarks on female education, prefatory to a series of essays explanatory of the course of instruction adopted in the Stevensburg Academy. By JAMES OGILVIE, Instructor of youth in the Stevensburg Academy. Jan. 18, 1801. ep6t
Boarding House. E. Gardner, at No. 6, of the Seven Building, will accommodate gentlemen with boarding and lodging on moderate terms. Dec. 28, 1801. ep7t
Lodgings, EQUALLY decent and one third cheaper than any in the city, separate rooms and best attendance to be had at Greenleaf's Point, where Judge Symmes now lodges. Good stabling is also furnished, by SAMUEL SPEAKE. Washington, Jan. 20, 1802. w3t
GEORGE BROWN, Has removed at his store opposite to the house lately occupied by capt. Burch, New-Jersey Avenue. A handsome Assortment of DRY GOODS, Suitable to the present season.—Earthen Queens, and Glass Ware—Also Groceries and Liquors, Among which are the following articles—Loaf and brown Sugars, teas, coffee, pepper, mustard, nummegs, box raisins, figs, salt, shell almonds, oranges, lemons, Cramberries, Holland gin, and spirits, &c. The above goods are laid in on such terms as will enable him to sell low for cash—He keeps a regular supply of the best superfine flour from the back country. Dec. 11, 1801. ep6w
To Osborne Sprigg, Esq. Sir, YOUR publication of the 11th inst. has just come to hand; if I am not mistaken, my invitation informed you that Ranger was engaged to run his last race, on the 25th day of May next, over the Hunting Park Course—I cannot with convenience to my feelings, break this engagement, or forfeit my bet—Presuming that you do not with an advantage, and that you are willing to run Le Boo against Ranger upon equal terms, I now propose, Ranger shall, on the 25th day of May next, run Le Boo over the Havre de Grace course, the 4 mile heats, carrying weight according to the rules of the Annapolis jockey club, for 3000 dollars, each play or pay. I live 44 miles from Havre de Grace, and the Susquehannah to cross, you have perhaps 20 or 30 miles further to travel your horse, without the rigue of a water passage. This is as near as I can contrive meeting you half way, over the best turf in America, carrying your own weight, running your own distance, and making your own sum. I name the 10th of February next to sign the race articles, and if any thing should prevent my reaching the city on that day, Mr. Taylor is empowered to sign my name for me. am, Sir, Your obedient humble servant, T. M. FORMAN. Feb. 1, 1802. 2t
JOHN GOULDING, Broker and Commission Merchant, RESPECTFULLY offers his services to his friends, to the friends of his friends and to the public. He proposes to do business in this line, for the sale, purchase and transfer of real and personal property of every description, the barter and exchange of lots, houses, &c. for merchandise, and vice versa. He has just received and for sale, madeira, port, Lisbon, claret and Malaga wine, shrub, brandy, gin, and cherry bounce, grapes, raisins, currants, figs, almonds, capers, olives, anchovies, citron, Corks, &c. Philadelphia porter, loaf sugar, and flours of all sizes, particularly Ladies morocco, kit and fangled flours. All which are for sale on reasonable terms, for cash, flour or tobacco; and again begs leave to solicit his friends, the friends of his friends and the public, to give him an opportunity, by partaking of their favors, to gratify them, in more respects than one. George-Town, next the Post Office, Dec. 18, 1801. epim

BOLTING CLOTHS.
A GENERAL ASSORTMENT OF BOLTING CLOTHS
Of the best qualities and latest importations, are kept for sale by OLIVER EVANS, at the corner of Market and Ninth Streets, Philadelphia, and
By OLIVER & EVAN EVANS, With BOHN and SLINGLUFF, at the corner of Market and Howard Streets, Baltimore. Also, with DEAN & GARDNER, Union Street, Alexandria.
The book entitled the YOUNG MILL-WRIGHT and MILLER'S GUIDE, may also be had at the above places. Jan. 29, 1802. ep4w&ep4w
Marshal's Sale.
By virtue of two writs of Venditioni Exponas issued out of the Circuit Court of the District of Columbia, for the county of Washington, to me directed, will be sold at Rhodes's Tavern on Tuesday the 23d of this month.
ALL the right, title, and interest of William King, to a brick house and appurtenances on Lot No. 73, in sq. No. 104, in the City of Washington, to satisfy debts due Thomas K. Beale, adm'r. of Joseph Clarke, for the use of Stephen Wilson's administrators. The sale to commence at 1 o'clock, P. M. Terms of sale ready money.
DANIEL C. BRENT, Marshal of the District of Columbia. Feb. 1, 1802. eptf
Marshal's Sale.
Notice is hereby given, that by virtue of a Writ of Venditioni Exponas issued out of the Circuit Court of the District of Columbia, for the county of Washington, to me directed, John Ahiley and Henry Pratt, against the lands and tenements of Robert Morris, will be exposed to Public Sale,
To the highest bidder, for cash, at Rhodes's Tavern, on the third day of February next, all the said Morris's title in and to Lot No. 3, in square No. 705, in the City of Washington. Sale to take place at 11 o'clock, A. M.
DANIEL C. BRENT, Marshal of the District of Columbia. Jan. 12, 1802. eptf
To Rent,
And possession given immediately, A TWO STORY BRICK HOUSE,
North front of the President's House, CONTAINING TWO Parlours and four Bed-rooms, with Garden, &c. It is convenient to the Public offices, and may be had furnished or unfurnished, with or without board, on reasonable terms, to an agreeable tenant. Enquire of the Printer, or on the premises. Also, Wanted Employment.
For a YOUNG MAN, who would engage as an assistant in a store, having kept one of his own, of course accustomed to it. Would act as steward and superintend a plantation, or the like—would make himself useful in any situation.—Enquire of the Printer hereof. November 25. 3w&tf
Mrs. PICK,
Takes the liberty to inform the ladies of George-Town and City of Washington, and its vicinity, that she has this day opened at Mr. Kirtz's, opposite the Union Tavern, an elegant assortment of MILLINERY, consisting of,
Velvet bonnets, caps, shawls, embroidery, dresses, handkerchiefs, artificial flowers, plumes, trimmings both gold and silver, bangle spangles, furs, muffs, belts and ruffs, straw bonnets, cashmere shawls and bonnets, gold and silver thread, wigs and frizzettes, perfume of all kinds, &c. &c. and other articles too numerous to mention; which she will sell on moderate terms. Dec. 23. eptf
CHARLES VARDEN,
Merchant Taylor, from Philadelphia,
GRATEFULLY acknowledges the favors conferred on him by the gentlemen of this City, and flatters himself that the general satisfaction he has already given will merit a continuation of the same. He has also received a handsome assortment of goods from Philadelphia, consisting of,
Best superfine cloths, Cashmeres, Swansdown, Toylenets, Velverettes, Fancy Cords, Coatings, Flannels, &c.
N.B. Regimentals, Naval Uniforms, and Ladies' Habits, made in the neatest and most fashionable manner, and at the shortest notice.—Washington City, New-Jersey Avenue, next to Mr. Rapine's book store. Dec. 16, 1801. eptf
ROBERT CHERRY,
Near the Sugar House, New-Jersey Avenue, has just received (in addition to his former stock) per the Sloop Harmony, captain Elwood, from Philadelphia.
A GENERAL assortment of groceries and liquors, viz. Pennington's loaf and lump sugar, Havannah white, Jamaica and St. Croix brown do. hyson, young hyson, hyson skin, souchong, and bohea teas, coffee, pepper, allspice, nutmegs, and cloves; hair powder, plain and scented, box and keg raisins, mould and dip candles, white and brown loap, dozen's best mustard, shad, mackerel, and herring in barrels, dried codfish, &c.
Cognac brandy, Holland gin, Jamaica and Antigua rum, Madeira and Lisbon wine, with other articles, all of a good quality.
Also a trunk of Swansdown, glass in boxes, 12 by 10 and 8 by 6, which he will sell low for cash, or barter for first quality tobacco.—The above articles have been laid in at a falling market, and shall sell the same at very reduced prices for cash.
He returns his sincere thanks to his friends and the public, for the encouragement he has already met with since his residence here, and hopes for a continuance of their favours, which he will thankfully acknowledge. January 9, 1802. eptf
COALS, hickory and oak wood, all of a superior quality, to be sold low for cash, at Redmond and Garrett Barry's new wharf. Also 12 cases of hollow glass, and 14 liquor travelling cases. Jan. 27, 1802. eptm
TO THE MERCHANTS Of George-Town and Alexandria.
A GENTLEMAN of experience in business intends going to the West Indies the ensuing Spring, and will have leisure to transact any commission business that may be confided to his care.
His services will be unexceptionable.—Any gentleman wishing further information, will be attended to by addressing a line to A. Z. and left in the care of the Editor of the National Intelligencer. Jan. 29, 1802. 2aw4w
The Business formerly carried on By Dr. WILLIAM ROGERS, Is continued, by Dr. WILLIAM H. GRAYHAM, Who informs the inhabitants of the District of Columbia, that his opportunities of improvement in the various branches of medicines, peculiarly entitles him to their favor. Jan. 29, 1802. eptf
NOTICE.
ALL persons having claims against the estate of JASPER DE CARNAP, late of the City of Washington, deceased, are desired to exhibit their accounts for settlement, and those who are indebted are earnestly requested to discharge the same without delay. ELIZABETH DE CARNAP, Administratrix. HENRY INGLE, Administrator. Dec. 11, 1801. eptf
The Subscriber
RESPECTFULLY informs the public, that he has removed from George-Town to the Fountain Inn, near Rhodes's City Tavern. Where he is furnished with a good boiler, carriage house, and stabling for eighteen horses, and every thing in his line to render the accommodation of travellers agreeable.—The strictest attention will be paid by CHARLES ROGERS. N.B. Ten or fifteen gentlemen can get board and lodging on moderate terms. Dec. 23. eptf
THE NATIONAL "BARLEY CAKE," OR, The "Rock of Offence," into a "Glorious Holy Mountain!" in Discourses and Letters, BY DAVID AUSTIN, A. M. Copyright secured. To be had at Stickey's book store, near the Treasury; and at Rapine and Conrad's, on Capitol Hill.—Price 50 cents single—or, five dollars per dozen. Feb. 1, 1802.
THOMAS CARPENTER, TAYLOR, SOLICITS a continuation of that generous encouragement which he has experienced from the Ladies and Gentlemen of this City and its vicinity. Having procured an elegant assortment of cloths, cashmeres, swansdowns, &c. and engaged workmen of superior talents. His unremitting attention shall be given to merit patronage. Capitol Hill next house east of Mrs. Finch's boarding house, and Pennsylvania Avenue between the President's square and Seven Buildings. Dec. 7, 1801. eptf
The directors for building a bridge over the Eastern Branch of the river Potomac will to contract for
TIMBER,
Of the kind and sizes as stated in the list below.
It will be sufficient if the lengthy piles square to the dimensions mentioned, for about 15 feet from the butt, they may then taper off to 10 inches square at the other end. It is not requested that the piles and other large timber be hewn. The timber must be delivered by the first of April. On proposals for furnishing, the same must be sent in to me on or before the 12th of next month. WILLIAM BRENT, Sec'y.
   Feet long. Inches.     80 Pieces white oak for caps, 34 14 by 14   200 do. for fittings to lay the plank in, 42 8 — 10   400 22 8 — 10   80 Piles, 18 14 — 14   20 20 14 — 14   20 30 14 — 15   32 28 14 — 14   40 18 14 — 14   60 40 15 — 15   36 26 14 — 14   40 Pieces black or white oak for girders, 38 12 — 12   80 do. for girts, 24 12 — 13   80 do. do. 12 12 — 13   480 Pieces white oak, 10 5 — 7   480 do. do. 12 5 — 7    Fifty thousand feet of plank, white pine or white oak, 17 feet long and 4 inches thick. Twenty-five thousand feet of railing, 4 by 6 and 6 by 7 inches, of different lengths. Jan. 29, 1802. eptf
NOTICE.
THIS is to give notice, That the subscriber has obtained from the Orphans' court of Washington County, in the District of Columbia, letters of administration on the personal estate of James Robinson, late of the county of Washington deceased, all persons having claims against the said deceased, are hereby warned to exhibit the same, with the vouchers thereof, to the subscriber, at or before the first day of June next; they may otherwise be excluded from all benefit of the said estate. Given under my hand this 24th day of December in the year 1801. LEWIN TALBURT, Administrator. December 28, 1801. eptf
COMMISSIONERS' OFFICE, Washington, Jan. 26, 1802. ORDERED, By the Board that the following Proclamation be published thrice a week for three weeks successively, in the City and George Town newspapers.
THOMAS MUNROE, Clk. Com. BY THE PRESIDENT, OF THE UNITED STATES.
WHEREAS by the first article of the terms and conditions declared by the President of the United States on the 17th October 1791, for regulating the materials, manner of buildings, and improvements on the lots in the City of Washington, it is provided, That the outer and party walls of all houses in the said City, shall be built of brick or stone; and by the third article of the same terms and conditions, it is declared that the wall of no house shall be higher than forty feet to the roof in any part of the city, nor shall any be lower than thirty-five feet on any of the Avenues: And whereas the above recited articles were found to impede the settlement in the city, of mechanics and others whose circumstances did not admit of erecting houses authorized by the said regulations, for which cause the operation of the said articles has been suspended by several acts of the Presidents of the United States from the 5th day of June 1796, to the 1st January 1802, and the beneficial effects arising from such suspension having been experienced; it is deemed proper to revive the same with the exception hereafter mentioned—WHEREFORE, I, THOMAS JEFFERSON, President of the United States, Do declare that the first and third articles above recited shall be, and the same are, hereby suspended until the first day of January 1803, and that all houses which shall be erected in the said City of Washington previous to the said 1st day of January 1803, conformable in other respects to the regulations aforesaid, shall be considered as lawfully erected; except that no wooden house covering more than three hundred and twenty square feet, or higher than twelve feet from the fill to the eve, shall be erected, nor shall such house be placed within twenty-four feet of any brick or stone house.
GIVEN under my hand this twenty-third day of January, in the year 1802. TH: JEFFERSON. Jan. 29, 1802. eptf
FOR SALE.
THE subscriber is authorised to sell a tract of land containing four hundred acres, lying in Prince George county, on Oxen Run, adjoining the district of Columbia, and about two miles from the City of Washington, along a good road to that part of the Eastern Branch over which a bridge is to be built.—This land is healthy and abounds with springs of excellent water.
There are between twenty and thirty acres of meadow ground, with a fine stream through it, which may be prepared for timber at a small expense, and at least two hundred acres in wood and timber. The wood itself will more than pay for the land. The cleared land, except a small part indeed, is of an excellent quality, and has on it a large tobacco house, and several houses suitable for the accommodation of labourers. This land has on it some elegant situations for country seats, commanding a view of the river and the city. of this land be not sold at private sale, before the 20th day of March next (and if it be, timely notice will be given) it will on that day, if fair, if not, the first fair day thereafter be sold to the highest bidder on the premises. The greater part of the purchase money will be required down; a credit of three months will be given on the balance, the purchaser securing the punctual payment of the balance at the expiration of that time. Persons disposed to make a private purchase, may know the terms by application to Wm. Cooke, of Baltimore Town, of Mr. James F. Leitch of Manchester, Virginia, Mr. John Addison at Geesborough, near the City of Washington, or to the subscriber in the city of Washington. PHILIP B. BAKER, Attorney for J. Addison. Jan. 18, 1802. eptf
By virtue of a decree of the Circuit Court for the District of Columbia in the county of Washington, in chancery sitting, in the case of George Walker complainant, against Overton Carr, defendant, WILL BE SOLD,
To the highest bidder, for ready money at Tunnicliff's tavern in the City of Washington, on MONDAY the eighth day of February next, the following squares and lots, or so much thereof as will satisfy the decree aforesaid, viz. Squares 861 862 863, lots 1 2 3 9 10 11 in sq. 861, squares 891 913, lots 2 3 10 11 13 14 15 and 20 in square 913, lots 3 4 5 6 7 13 14 15 16 and 17 in square 964, 1 2 3 6 7 20 21 and 24 in square 1077, lots 2 3 and 4 in square north east of square 1065, lots 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 and 33 in sq. 1043, 20 21 22 and 23 in square 1042, lots 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 and 18 in square 1017, lots 1 2 6 7 and 8 in square 943, square 390, lots 1 2 3 7 8 9 15 16 17 and 18 in square 1067. The sale will commence at 11 o'clock, and will continue from day to day until the whole of this property or so much thereof as will comply with the requisites of the aforementioned decree. PHILIP T. BAKER, Trustee. Jan. 5, 1802. eptf
Public Auction.
By virtue of a decree from the honorable the high court of Chancery, the subscriber will sell on Tuesday the 23d February next, at the mansion of the late major Richard Chew,
ALL the real estate of the said Richard Chew—Consisting of about 1220 acres of land in one body, situate in Ann Arundel County, lying on the Chesapeake Bay, and forms the mouth of Herring Bay, twenty miles from Annapolis, fifty from Baltimore, and thirty-five from the City of Washington. This land is rich and fertile as any on the Chesapeake, affords the most luxuriant pasture, has a large proportion of meadow land, and the greatest abundance of fire wood and timber; and for ship building the best timber on the Chesapeake may be had on this land; the situation is healthy, and a beautiful prospect as any on the Bay; a good harbour, and the waters lying around the land afford the greatest abundance of excellent fish, crabs, oysters, and wild fowl. The improvements are valuable, consisting of a large two story brick dwelling house, with four rooms and a commodious passage on each floor, with excellent cellars under the whole house, a large and elegant garden laid off with falls, a good kitchen, and almost every other necessary outhouse. The very convenient situation of this land must be obvious to every person willing to purchase, as the wood, timber, and the whole product of this land, can be removed from thence by water, and that in a few hours, to the markets of Annapolis and Baltimore. A more minute description of this valuable property is thought unnecessary, as any person wishing to purchase, can view the same by applying to Doctor Richard Chew, who resides thereon or to Mr. Philomon L. Chew, living within a few miles of it. The terms of sale are, that the purchasers, shall either pay down one sixth part of the purchase money on the day of sale, or give bond with security for the payment of the same, on the chancellor's ratification, which will be in four weeks after return of the sale is to be made by the Trustee. For the residue a bond or bonds are to be given with security on interest, to be approved of by the chancellor, payable in two equal annual payments; and on the receipt of the whole of the purchase money, the subscriber, by a good deed, indented, will give, grant, bargain, sell and confirm to the purchaser, or purchasers, his, her or their heirs, the land sold to them; and all the right, title, interest, and estate, therein and thereto, of the said Richard Chew, or his heirs, or any person claiming by, from, or under them.
It is further ordered by the chancellor that the creditors of the said deceased, who have not yet exhibited their claims, shall file the same in the chancery court, with the vouchers thereof, before the first day of June next. J. WILKINSON, Trustee. Feb. 1, 1802. eptf
Office of Intelligence.
THE dispersed situation of those who are established in the City of Washington, renders intercourse and communication difficult and embarrassing, not only to themselves but to those who visit it, whether on business or for the purpose of settling. A variety of domestic and familiar facts are necessary to be acquired, and yet the acquisition of them sometimes costs more labor, attention and expence, than matters of higher consequence. Hence in particular, many persons of moderate resources have greatly suffered, being under the immediate necessity of engaging in measures, and at the same time unprepared with the requisite information. It is on this account that the subscriber has been induced to offer to the patronage of the public an office of Intelligence. In this office, those who reside in George Town, Alexandria, or the City of Washington, may at any time be informed of real property in any of those places either improved or unimproved entered here for sale; for which entries he keeps a regular set of books. Those who approve of this design in this particular, are requested to transmit him a designation of their property, and terms for the information of applicants. Persons who have houses to rent, and those being desirous of hiring houses will here find a greater mass of intelligence on that subject than they can derive from any other source. He has opened also, a set of books where persons desirous of employing others in any capacity whatever may soon learn of those who will be willing to serve them, and the latter, on the other hand, will be enabled to learn of those, who wish to employ them. Strangers arriving at the metropolis may apply here for almost any kind of information whether in private or public business; and information will either be given or seasonably procured for them; horses and carriages will be received on commission for private sale, and personal property of any description whatever; bills of sale and other instruments of writing will be correctly and handsomely executed. The public must be well assured that an institution of this kind cannot prove generally useful without general encouragement.—That general encouragement he subscriber pledges himself to exert himself to deserve. Some charge will be made for every real information imparted, but as exorbitancy is always disgraceful, and the nature of such an institution requires moderation, he holds himself bound to give no dissatisfaction on that score. THOMAS Y. STROGELL. Pennsylvania Avenue, opposite six buildings, December 7th, 1801.
A Negro Man for sale, who has been accustomed to driving a carriage, and taking care of horses. Two Negro Boys are wanting, about the age of from twelve to fifteen, for which a generous price will be given. They are to continue in the city of Washington. A handsome top Chair and harness for sale. Lots may be had on Pennsylvania Avenue, ground rent, in excellent situations. Furnished Apartments may be had. December 9. wtf N. B.—A carriage and horses for sale.
For Sale,
Or to To Let, on Ground Rent for ever, FIFTY LOTS, SITUATE between the President's House and Capitol.—The titles to which are indisputable. ISAAC POLOCK. Dec. 16. eptf
CONVEYANCERS OFFICE,
AND OFFICE FOR SALE OF CITY LOTS, On the Pennsylvania Avenue fronting the President's Square, near Rhodes's tavern, City of Washington,
THOMAS HERTY has connected with the business of drawing Conveyances of Land, Wills, Mortgages, Leases, Bonds, Assignments powers of Attorney, petitions, and every other pecies of deed or contract in the profession; that of buying, selling and leasing lots and houses in the City, negotiating loans, &c.
His long experience as a draftsman, and knowledge of the laws relative thereto—the knowledge which he has acquired by residence of the situation of City Lots, and how their titles have been acquired, or are liable to be affected; together with his impartial and strict regard to the interest of those who may be pleased to employ him, will, he hopes, secure to him a continuance of public patronage.
Titles to real property investigated, and opinions given thereon when required. For sale a great variety of Lots, in desirable situations in the City.
N. B. At the above office may be had, his Abridgement of the Laws of Maryland, price 6 dollars. Also his Digest of the Laws of the United States, price 3 dollars. As the Laws of Maryland are in full force on this side the Potomac, it behoves settlers to avail themselves of that information which affects their lives, liberties and property. He who is without a knowledge of his "rule of conduct" is like a stranger in his native land. May 4. 2aw4w. 1aw2
The subscriber respectfully acquaints the public, that he has removed to the corner of Ninth and B Streets, where he continues to manufacture and sell all kinds of Ornaments for Chimney pieces, Door Caps, Frontispieces Metal Sashes, &c. which may also be had at his store No. 51, Barclay Street, New-York, and to Mr. Wild's store, Market Street, Baltimore. GEORGE ANDREWS. Who has gold leaf for sale by the package or book. May 8, 1801. 1v
NEW STORE.
THE Subscribers most respectfully inform the Public in general, and their friends in particular, that they have just opened a handsome assortment of
Dry Goods,
SUITABLE FOR THE SEASON, On the Pennsylvania Avenue, between the President's Square and the Seven Buildings, which they purpose to sell low for cash. Also,
A few casks of Cut Nails.
SHARPLESS & SMITH. November 25. eptf
For sale, or to be rented.
A House and lot on the Capitol Hill—the lot is 20 feet 2 inches on Delaware Avenue, and about 190 feet deep extending back to a 30 feet Alley. The House is a handsome well furnished convenient three story brick house, containing 2 sealed garrets, 7 chambers, 2 parlours—kitchen with a pantry and cellar.
It is directly opposite to the Buildings of WASHINGTON, occupied by Gen. Dearborn, near adjoining to a number of houses belonging to Mr. Carroll, rented to Mr. Dalton and others from its vicinity to the Capitol, it is well calculated for a private family; or a person attached to the offices of the Federal Legislature.—Adjoining is a lot of about 40 feet front on same Avenue, and running same depth back, (the whole under a good post and rail fence) which, if required would be sold at same time. If rented, the Tenant may have the use of the whole of the lot, which would make an excellent garden, having a South and Eastern exposure, as long as convenient to the proprietor. This property would be sold a Bargain for satisfactory payments, or well situate property in Philadelphia would be taken in exchange. Apply to Benjamin Burch, New Jersey Avenue, or to the Editor of the National Intelligencer—or to Carrick and Percival, Philadelphia. Nov. 21. tf
FOR SALE.
A TRACT of land containing 2,500 acres lying immediately on the river Potomac, in the county of Northumberland, Virginia, late the residence of PRESLEY THORNION, Esq. Seventeen hundred acres of which are of the most valuable kind of low grounds on the river; between three and four hundred acres heavily timbered, the remainder is wavy high land extremely productive. The soil of this tract is equal to any in the state for cultivation of corn, wheat, tobacco, timothy, and small grain of all kinds. On this tract are a large commodious two story brick mansion house and two offices, a large brick stable, a valuable barn, cow house and many other out-houses, all in good repair. The orchards and garden contain a variety of valuable fruit trees, and the waters abound with excellent fish and oysters. It is situated about a day's sail from Alexandria, Baltimore or Norfolk. There are two good mill seats for grist, or saw-mills on this estate, and plenty of cedar and chestnut timber, exclusive of the heavy timber, which it saved up into scantling will command a price in the City of Washington, nearly equal to the value of the land. The terms will be made easy to the purchaser or purchasers, and the tract will be divided into two or more plantations if necessary.—Apply to RICHARD PETERS, junr. No. 85, Walnut-Street Philadelphia. Philadelphia, Nov. 11. eptf
Mrs. Smith & Mrs. Wiley,
RESPECTFULLY inform their friends and the public, that they have removed their boarding School to the three story brick house, nearly opposite to the bank, where they are prepared to take boarders and day scholars.—Every attention will be paid to the manners, morals and improvement of their pupils.—Approved masters attend the school to instruct the young ladies in those branches which Mrs. Smith and Mr. Wiley do not teach. Geo. Town, Jan. 22. 2aw3t