National gazette. (Philadelphia [Pa.]), 1792-11-03 00:00:00

National Gazette.
By P. FRENEAU: Published WEDNESDAYS and SATURDAYS, at THREE DOLLARS per annum.
[NUMB. 2 of VOL. II.]
SATURDAY, November 3, 1792.
[Total No. 106.]
[In our last, want of room obliged us to give a very brief sketch of the late important intelligence from France: For the better satisfaction of our readers we in this day's paper convey them those interesting advices more in detail collected from foreign papers.]
THE Duke of Brunswick, with very little opposition, has made himself master of Longwi, a strong place, well provided according to some accounts, with men, ammunition and provisions; but according to others containing but a few hundred troops.
The first give it a garrison of 2636 men, who fall into the hands of the duke, with 38 pieces of cannon, &c. &c. 415,000 wt. of powder, and other ammunition in proportion.
The general bombarded it for a short time, it surrendered, and the firing was immediately commanded to cease.
The duke after the capture of this place advanced towards Verdun, and summoned the garrison to surrender about the 30th of August.
The summons is in the name of their Imperial and Prussian majesties, and in it the inhabitants are threatened with military execution if they do not surrender, and return to their allegiance. In case of compliance they are promised the protection of the king of Prussia and the emperor.
A council of war was called to answer the summons, and it was determined to hold out to the last moment.
Upon the receipt of this intelligence in Paris, on the 2d of September, the commissioners of the community assembled and passed a decree to the following effect, which was approved by the national assembly:
That the barriers be shut, all horses be seized for military service, all suspected persons be disarmed, and all citizens directed to hold themselves in readiness to march at the first notice. The decree also invited them to meet at the Champ de Mars, that 60,000 men might be immediately raised for the service of the country.
Alarm guns were fired, the barriers shut, the Toxin was sounded, and the general alarm beaten. The Champ de Mars was presently filled, and the enrolment was proceeding rapidly.
At this time intelligence reached the capital, that a body of 4000 French, detached by Dumourier to the assistance of Verdun, had been defeated, and obliged to retreat. The populace suspected treachery; their rage rose to its greatest height.
It was suggested by some among them as imprudent for so powerful a body as 60,000 men to quit the metropolis, leaving the great number of suspicious persons, with which every place of confinement overflowed, and the barbarous proposal was made to put them all to death.
The people flew to the convent of the Carmelites, and massacred about 130 priests, who were confined there, among whom was the cardinal de Rouche-foucauld, formerly archbishop of Rouen.
From this they hurried to the Abbaye, where all those confined were put to death, to the number of some hundreds. Among the victims of the fury of the people, Madame Lambelle and Tarrant, &c. with M. Montmorin, the ex-minister, and M. D'Affry, were particularly mentioned.
The assembly sent commissioners to protect these persons, but without avail. But two persons confined in the Abbaye escaped, viz M. Siccard, the master of the academy for instructing the deaf and the dumb, who was saved by the interference of a member of the national assembly, and an old man, whose grey hairs commanded respect.
From the prisons the mob proceeded to the houses of suspected persons, and wherever letters were found breathing a counter-revolution spirit, the writers or owners met immediate death.
Great quantities of arms are said to have been found in these searches intended for the emigrants and which were distributed among those who had enlisted in the morning.
Couriers were sent off to all the departments to spread the alarm.
On the 3d of September 20 priests, anxious to escape, presented themselves at the barriers but without passports; they were suspected by the mob and lost their lives.
Some accounts state the slain on the 2d and third as high as 7000, and the most moderate at 4000.
The tumult continued with violence until about twelve o'clock on the 3d of Sept. The National Assembly, the public offices, treasury, during these disturbances remained unviolated.
The temple, the present residence of the king, and queen, was undisturbed, and by order of the municipality doubly guarded.
Our last accounts mention the capture of Verdun.
No other irruption into France has been made besides that by the Duke of Brunswick. Landau and Saar Louis, supported by the army of M. Biron, keep the Prince Hohenloe in awe, and Dumourier covers the North; 10,000 men from Biron's army have joined Kellerman, and 15,000 are to follow the Duke of Brunswick.
Owing to the imprudent conduct of the students of two Irish colleges established at Paris, the buildings were demolished on the 2d, but the students saved themselves by a timely flight.
The following officers are mentioned as captured with La Fayette, A. Lameth, de Launoy, V. Maubourgh, C. Maubourgh, Lacombe, Mestras and Souberan, two Romeufs, Gouvion, B. de Peiz, their servants and 40 horses. They came from Bouillon, says the account, on pretence of reconnoitring, and were taken by the advanced posts of Rochefort, August the 19th. No mention is made of his recapture; that account may therefore be considered as totally unfounded.
The national assembly have deputed some of their members to encourage by their example the workmen employed in fortifying the metropolis.
Several persons convicted as counter-revolutionists were executed at the place du Carrousel the latter end of August.
The commissioners appointed to inspect the civil list and state of the finances, reported to the Assembly on the 22d of August, that the public treasury contained a considerable sum, which, together with the money found in the palace, was directed to be lodged in the national bank.
About this time the commons arrested the Venetian ambassador and his suite, his passport being informal. He was interrogated and his papers searched. Nothing was found to create suspicion.
This ambassador, and his attendants, arrived in England with Earl Gower just before the last vessels failed.
The commons have presented the celebrated Henry Mazeret Latude, who was imprisoned 40 years by virtue of a lettre de cachet, with the hand of the statue of Louis XV, who signed the order for his confinement.
The Marchioness de Bouille and the Duchess de Noailles escaped with difficulty from France and arrived in London, as did also General Narbonne.
M. La Fayette set out on the 30th August from Brussels for Luxembourg, by order of the duke of Brunswick.
On the 28th of August some petitioners appeared at the bar of the assembly, with a St. Roche and his dog in silver. They complained of his supineness in the present emergency, and proposed to render him useful by converting him into crowns. Applauded—the saint was sent to the mint.
The assembly fixed 21 as the limits of minority.
A letter was received from the ambassador to the Helvetic diet, stating, that the Swiss were highly incensed at the proceedings of the 10th of August. The diplomatic committee were directed to examine whether or not the ambassador should be ordered to come away, after declaring the determination of France to maintain her treaties with the Swiss.
Part of the garrison of Longwi complained to the assembly of the treachery of their officers.
A decree passed sequestering the possessions of the Austrian clergy in France.
On the 31st of August M. Belair, the chief engineer for fortifying Paris, gave in his plan, of which the following are the outlines:
His entrenchments will commence just above St. Dennis, and stretch away to Nogent upon Marne. This will take in the heights of Monmartre and Belleville. He requires 800 cannon. Now the military committee can promise him at present only 600; the plan is therefore to seize all the bronze ornaments and statues to supply the deficiency. From the palace of Versailles he takes off the lead for bullets and the iron for balls. In the neighbouring villages the implements for fortifying are to be fabricated—Paris can supply 30,000. The Delvers who are now employed upon the canal at Bourgogne, are to be brought to work at the entrenchments.
Luckner is reinstated by the executive council as generalissimo of the three frontier armies. Kellerman refused the command, and affirmed that if he served at all it must be under his old friend the marshal.
The assembly were informed, that 60 national guards with one piece of cannon, had dispersed the rebels assembled in the department of Vendre, after killing 15 and taking 24. Another assembly was also dispersed, by the same guard, assisted by the gendarmerie under M. Boissard, after killing 150 of the revolvers and capturing 70. Among the killed several refractory priests were found. Honorable mention was made.
Decreed, that the effects of all those convicted of having been concerned in counter-revolution plans, be confiscated.
Decreed, that marriage being only a civil contract, it may, like all other civil contracts, be dissolved; and consequently, that divorces be allowed in France.
Mr. Septeuil, first valet de chambre to the king, was arrested about the last of August or first of September. The secret registers of the civil list were found in his possession, and receipts for large sums transmitted to M. d'Artois, Monsieur, and, it is said, M. La Fayette and Bouille. The last is said to have received no less than 5,000,000 livres.
The assembly have confirmed the provincial police of Paris, which was organized on the 10th of August, and destroys the municipality.
On the 27th of August the Jacobin club took the following oath: "I promise before God and my country, that, wherever I may be placed, I will exert my whole force to purge the earth from the pest of royalty."
The national assembly decreed on the 29th, that all foreigners, except those who were members of the Jacobin club, should be detained as hostages, and in case their nations declared war, to expose their own countrymen to the first fire. The foreigners excepted, it is said, it was decreed to send into the enemies armies as deserters, to debauch, if possible, their countrymen.
The provisional executive of France have expressed "their extreme regret at the determination of the British court, in recalling earl Gower, whom they always esteemed as the organ of the noble and generous sentiments of his nation towards France, in her present situation. But in deed, that regret (say they) is, in some measure, allayed, by his again assuring us,
that Great-Britain is to observe the strictest neutrality, with regard to the internal arrangements of the affairs of France. The council observe that this determination is a measure wisely reflected upon, rising from a principle to which the English nation owe their present glory and prosperity:
"The wise reflection of a people who first shewed Europe the necessity of subjugating kings themselves to the obedience of the law. In this awful and important moment, they confide in the justice and wisdom of the British cabinet, and depend upon the declaration, when the national convention is about to take place, which, they doubt not, will fix all parties in the great cause of liberty and equality."
Protest of M. La Fayette and the officers who accompanied him, against the seizure of their persons on the neutral territory—
The underwritten French citizens, forced by an irresistible concurrence of extraordinary circumstances, to renounce the glory of protecting, as they have hitherto done, the liberty of their country, unable any longer to oppose the violations of the constitution which the national will had established therein, declare, "That they cannot be considered as military enemies, since they have given up their posts in the French army; and still less, as part of those of their countrymen whose interests, sentiments and opinions, absolutely opposite to theirs, have engaged them to league themselves with the powers at war with France: but as strangers, who claim a free passage, which the rights of nations secure to them, and which they only wish to make use of, to repair as speedily as possible to a territory, the government of which is not in an actual state of hostility against their country."
This declaration, dated at Rochefort, the 19th of August, and signed by M. La Fayette and the officers who accompanied him, is considered as sufficient to destroy the calumny of those who describe that general, and the officers attached to him, as enemies to their country, by carrying on a secret correspondence with the emigrants and the powers who countenance and support the emigration.
The duke of Brunswick, now so much a topic of conversation, is in his 57th year, which he will complete on the 9th of October, if none of the many dangers, to which he is exposed, prevents him. He was married to the sister of his Britannic majesty in the year 1764, when he had an interview with the late earl of Chatham.
Great apprehensions are entertained in France of hostilities being about to be commenced by the Spaniards.
We have received intelligence that the king has given orders for purchasing all the straw that can be found between Barcelona and Figueras, which announces that large bodies of cavalry must be on the frontiers. We are informed also from Malaga, that orders have been sent to the inhabitants of Catalonia, to give an account of the carts, carriages, horses, mules, &c. which they can furnish. Thirty-nine sail of ships are lying ready in the harbour of Barcelona, and a report is spread here that their destination is to attack Marseilles, Collioures, or Antibes. It is expected that they will be joined by seventeen sail from Portugal, and that they will immediately proceed to sea, under the command of Messrs. Crillon Mahon, Vandreud, and Albert de Rioma.
The number of people who have been killed is not yet known with any kind of certainty, for besides the prisoners, many who had fallen under the suspicion of the populace, were taken from their own houses and butchered in the streets.
Madame de la Fayette had a very narrow escape from being arrested. A courier was sent to several of the sea-ports to stop her. She sailed from Havre de Grace only three hours before he arrived. She is gone to Holland.

M. Bacham, condemned on Monday to have his head cut off, was executed yesterday morning.
The mayor has just published a note, intimating, that as he must necessarily devote as much of his time as possible to the execution of plans for the public safety, he has for some time suspended giving audiences.
Volunteers still continue marching every two or three hours, in bodies, for the frontiers; and thousands of men, women, and children are busily engaged at this moment in digging entrenchments round Paris.
To counteract the plans of the duke of Brunswick, on his progress to Paris, it has been proposed,
1. "To arm all the French on this side Loire.
2. "To seize the high posts which command the road through which the Prussians are to pass, to harass them in front, flank, and rear.
3. "To burn every thing on their route two days before their arrival, and to open every where general asylums for the inhabitants of the country who shall be forced to sacrifice their dwellings, &c.
4. "To order all the interior armies to march and meet within twenty leagues of Paris, so that when the Prussians advance, they may be surrounded on every side, if not to engage them in regular battle, at least to harass them every where, in their foraging, their detached posts, their convoys, and their patrols.
5. "To prevent the aristocrats from joining the emigrant army, and for that purpose to decree, that in every place they shall be disarmed and detained in their houses, with a guard at their post, or the guard-house, if these gentlemen are a little numerous.
6. "In the mean time to encrease the armies sufficiently to enter Brabant, attack the Austrians on the frontiers, and attempt Coblenz, Treves, and Mayence."
PARIS, Sep. 4.
The council general of the commons has published a resolution directing the execution of the decree for the deportation of the non-juring priests.
A register is to be opened in each of the 48 sections, in which every priest, who refuses to take the oaths required by law, is to enter the name and the place to which he wishes to retire. A passport is then to be delivered to him, and if he has no money of his own, three livres for every ten leagues he has to travel. The infirm, and those of 60 years of age, are to be sent to the Maison de Port Royal. Such of them as shall be found in Paris eight days after the publication of this order, to be imprisoned for ten years.
The measure of shutting the gates of Paris, on the 2d inst. was taken in pursuance of the following decree of the community of Paris:
"To arms, citizens, to arms, The enemy is at our gates.
"The procureur of the community having announced the pressing dangers of the country, the treasons with which we are menaced, and the destitute state of the town of Verdun, now besieged by the enemy, who will probably in eight days be masters of it,
"The council-general decrees,
1. "The barriers shall be immediately closed.
2. "All horses fit to serve those who repair to the frontiers shall be immediately seized.
3. "All the citizens shall hold themselves ready to march upon the first signal,
4. "All citizens, who on account of their age and infirmities, cannot march, shall deposit their arms with their sections, for the use of those who fly to the frontiers.
5. "All suspected persons, or those who, from cowardice, shall refuse to march, shall be instantly disarmed.
6. "Twenty-four commissioners shall go immediately to the armies, to announce to them this resolution, and shall traverse the neighbouring departments, inviting the citizens to unite themselves with their brothers of Paris, and march together to the enemy.
7. "The military committee shall be permanent; it shall meet at the Commons House, in the hall formerly that of the queen.
8. "The alarm guns shall be instantly fired and the general shall be beat in all the sections, to announce to the citizens the dangers of the country.
9. "The national assembly and the provisional executive power shall be informed of this decree.
10. "The members of the council general shall repair immediately to their respective sections; shall announce the purposes of the present decree; shall paint with energy to their fellow citizens, the ardent danger of the country, the treasons with which we are environed or menaced; they shall represent with force, that liberty is threatened, and the French territory invaded; and shewing that our return to the most ignominious slavery is the object of our enemies, they shall urge our duty of burying ourselves in the ruins of our country, and of
delivering up our cities only when they shall be heaps of cinders.
(Signed) HUGUENIN, President. TALLIEN, Secretary Register."
[The following communication was made to Earl Gower (late English ambassador at Paris) by his court, and from him to the French minister for foreign affairs:]
My Lord,
IN Lord Grenville's absence, I have received and laid before the king, your last dispatches.
His majesty has been very deeply afflicted in receiving the information of the extent and the deplorable consequences of the troubles which have happened in Paris; as well on account of his personal attachment to their most Christian Majesties, and the interest that he has always taken in their welfare, as for the earnest desire he has for the tranquility and prosperity of a kingdom with which he is on terms of friendship.
As it appears, in the present state of affairs, the exercise of the executive power has been withdrawn from his most Christian Majesty, the credentials which have hitherto been made use of by your excellency, CAN NO LONGER BE VALID. His majesty is therefore of opinion, that you ought not to remain any longer in Paris, as well on this account, as because this step appears to him the most conformable to the principles of neutrality which he has hitherto observed. His majesty's pleasure therefore is, that you should quit that city, and return to England, as soon as you shall have been able to procure the necessary passports for that purpose.
In all the conversations that you may have occasion to hold, before your departure, you will take care to express yourself conformable to the sentiments herein communicated to you, and you will take especial care not to neglect any opportunity of declaring, that at the same time his majesty means to observe the principles of neutrality, in every thing which regards the arrangement of the internal government of France. He does not conceive that he departs from these principles in manifesting, by every possible means in his power, his solicitude for the personal situation of their most Christian Majesties, and the royal family. He most earnestly hopes, that his wishes in that respect will not be deceived; that the royal family will be preserved from every act of violence; the commission of which would not fail to excite sentiments of universal indignation throughout all Europe.
HENRY DUNDAS.
Aug. 17, 1792.
Answer to the above by the French minister for foreign affairs:
The undersigned, minister for foreign affairs, has lost no time in communicating to the provisional executive council, the letter communicated to him by his excellency Earl Gower, ambassador extraordinary from his Britannic majesty.
The council has seen, with regret that the British cabinet has resolved to recall an ambassador, whose presence attested the favorable disposition of a free and generous nation, and who has never been the organ but of friendly expressions and of benevolent sentiments. If any thing can abate this regret, it is the renewed assurance of neutrality made on the part of England to the French nation.
This assurance seems to be the result of an intention wisely considered and formally expressed by his Britannic majesty, not to meddle with the interior arrangements of the affairs of France. We are not surprised at such a declaration made by an enlightened and high spirited nation, who have been the first to acknowledge and establish the principle of national sovereignty; who, by substituting the empire of the laws, the expressed will of all, to the arbitrary caprices of a few individuals, have been the first to furnish the example of subjecting kings themselves to this salutary yoke; and who, finally, have not thought too dearly purchased, by long convulsions, and violent storms, that liberty, which has been productive of so much glory and prosperity.
This principle of the unalienable sovereignty of the people is going to be displayed, in a striking manner, in the national convention, the convocation of which has been decreed by the legislative body, and which will, no doubt, fix all parties and all interests. The French nation has good grounds to hope that the British cabinet will not, at this decisive moment, depart from that justice, moderation and impartiality, which it has hitherto manifested.
Full of this confidence, which rests on facts, the undersigned renews to his excellency Earl Gower, in the name of the provisional executive council, the assurance which he has had the honor to give him, viva voce , that whatever relates to the commerce between the two nations, and all affairs in general, shall be carried on, on the part of the French government, with the same justice and fidelity. The council flatters themselves that there will be a full reciprocity on the part of the British government, and that nothing will interrupt the good understanding which subsists between the two nations.
The minister for foreign affairs, LEBRUN.
Brussels, Aug. 24. "M. la Fayette was taken in the following manner:—On the 19th, at ten in the evening, a patrol consisting of seven men, belonging to the advanced posts of Rochefort, in Ardennes, in the Bishoprick of Leige, where M. Harnoncourt commands, met with a number of French officers, followed by about 20 domestics. They were on the point of being fired at by the piquet guard, but instantly one of the strangers quitted his company, and was conducted to M. Harnoncourt.
"This gentleman was M. Bureau de Pusy, officer of engineers. He declared, that his friends and himself were French emigrants going to Holland. M. Harnoncourt asked him, how it happened, that they were not going to join the princes? M. Bureau answered, that, differing in opinion from them, they preferred going to Holland. M. Harnoncourt told him, that they must be treated as prisoners of war. Not one of the whole company objected to giving his parole, except M. Alexander de Lameth, who began a fine speech on the rights of nations, and said that they were arrested in a neutral country. They were then in the principality of Leige. M. Harnoncourt answered, that the French had been so extremely clever in confounding all kinds of rights, and the rights of nations in particular, that it was no wonder if mistakes should be the consequence. M. de Lameth threatened to write to M. de Mercy. M. Harnoncourt was not intimidated; and those gentlemen are now safe in Namur, where they are to remain until the duke of Brunswick decides on their fate. They have declared, that the army which they have quitted is encamped behind la Chiere, between Mouzon and Steran. It is said that M. la Fayette had attempted to sound the dispositions of his soldiers, and finding that they had resolved to shoot him, and being desirous himself of living a little longer, he took the first opportunity to pass into an enemies country.
From the Brussels Gazette.
Advices are received, that the Prussian army has taken possession of the fortress of Rodemacherin near the Moselle, between Thionville and Luxemburg, in Lorraine. Allemanda, and that part of the garrison was put to the sword. It is also asserted, that the French and Prussians have very bloody skirmishes almost every day. The latter have directed a body of their troops to advance opposite to Chimay, from whence they seem to threaten that part of our frontiers with frequent incursions.—To counteract these designs, strong detachments of infantry and cavalry have been detached from the camp at Mons, principally chasseurs and Hulans, to protect our territory in that quarter.
Late news from English and Irish papers
L O N D O N, Sep. 1.
By the foreign mails, arrived yesterday morning, the probability of a rupture between the Turks and Austrians increases daily; a body of 12,000 Turks, with a Pasha at their head, having lately approached Chockzim, & demanded the evacuation of the place; but on being informed by the governor that he could not agree to this demand without a special order from Vienna, the Turkish commander was contented with encamping in the neighbourhood, where he waits the issue. The Austrians in that quarter, in the mean time, have received considerable reinforcements.
Sept. 3.—By the accounts that could be collected of the state of France when Earl Gower left it, the people were flying to arms in all quarters and directions. This naturally occasioned delays in the towns through which his lordship and his retinue passed. They declare themselves determined, to a man, to perish, or drive the despots from their territories.
The killed in Paris, on the 10th of August, we are now assured, were nearly 12,000, of whom more than 8000 were of the people. The Swiss, it seems, were nearly all drunk; and one of their first inducements to fire was the discharge of some muskets from the windows of the Thuilleries, by persons in their uniforms, but who were not Swiss. Believing their corps engaged, they then fired immediately, before they had hesitated.
Advices from Brussels, of 29th August, state, that the duke of Brunswick, instead of wasting any more time in carrying on sieges, will march directly towards Paris with his army, which now consists of seventy thousand men, while those of the prince Hohenlohe and count de Clairfayt will be left by way of check on the fortresses behind, and to amuse the different bodies which defend the frontiers of France.
The allied armies have only to take Thionville, Sedan, and Montmedy; and then there will be no fortresses on that side to present an obstacle to their march into the heart of France.
Upon the capture of Sierk, near Thionville, the king of Prussia's two sons went immediately to the custom-house, and seized the money chest! They ordered that the revenues should in future be paid to the king their father!
Another of the assassins of M. Theodore Dillon has been beheaded at Lille.
American Intelligence.
Delegations are gone from all the tribes of the six nations, including the Stockbridge Indians, to attend the treaty held by the western Indians, whose place of rendezvous is at the rapids of Miami, within about thirty miles of Detroit; and if possible to persuade those hostile tribes to a treaty of peace with the United States. The British residing at the western forts, advise the Indians to listen to a treaty of peace: their traders not being able to obtain fur on account of the general spirit of war among the savages, encourage the measure. A motion has been obtained by their friendly delegations to remove the council from the Miami to Muskingum, in order to give the commissioners of congress a better opportunity to open a treaty of peace with the hostile tribes.
The governor of the State of Pennsylvania has by proclamation, given notice that the following persons are duly elected to serve in the house of representatives of the United States, for Pennsylvania, for two years, to commence from the fourth day of March next, viz. William Findlay, F. A. Muhlenburg, Daniel Heister, William Irvine, J. W. Kittera, T. Hartley, P. Muhlenburg, T. Fitzsimons, Andrew Gregg, James Armstrong, William Montgomery, John Smilie, and Thomas Scott.
KNOXVILLE, October 10.
It is an undoubted truth, (strange as it may appear) that the Baron D. Corrandonet, governor of Louisiana, and governor O'Neal, of Pensacola, have opened the stores of the King of Spain, in West Florida, to the Creeks and Cherokees, and delivered them arms and ammunition in abundance, advising and stimulating them to go to war against the frontier inhabitants of the United States, and that quickly; that now or never was the time, while the U. S. were engaged with the northern tribes.
On the 30th of September, about midnight, John Buchanan's station, four miles south of Nashville, (at which sundry families had collected, and fifteen gunners) was attacked by a party of Creeks and lower Cherokees, supposed to consist of three or four hundred.—Their approach was suspected by the running of cattle that had taken fright at them, and upon examination, they were found rapidly advancing within ten yards of the gate, and from this place and distance they received the first fire from the man who discovered them (John M'Rory.) They immediately returned the fire, and continued a very heavy and constant firing upon the station, (block houses surrounded with a flockade) for an hour, and were repulsed with considerable loss, without injuring man, woman, or child, in the station.
During the whole time of the attack the Indians were never more distant than ten yards from the block house, and often in large numbers close round the lower walls, attempting to put fire to it. One ascended the roof with a torch, where he was shot, and falling, to the ground renewed his attempts to fire the bottom logs, and was killed. The Indians fired 30 balls through a port hole of the overjutting, which lodged in the roof in the circumference of a hat, and those sticking in the walls on the outside are innumerable.
Upon viewing the ground next morning, it appeared, that the fellow who was shot from the roof, was a Cherokee half-breed, of the Running Water, known by the whites by the name of Tom Turnbridge's step son, the son of a French woman, by an Indian; and there was much blood, and signs that many dead had been dragged off, and litters had been made to carry the wounded to their horses, which they had left a mile from the station. Near the block house were found, several swords, hatchers, pipes, kettles, and budgets of different Indian articles; one of the swords was a fine Spanish blade, and richly mounted in the Spanish fashion. In the morning previous to the attack, Jonathan Gee, and Clayton were sent out as spies, and on the ground, among other articles left by the Indians, were found a handkerchief and a mocasin, known one to belong to Gee, and the other to Clayton, it is supposed they are killed.
Undoubted advices have been received that as early as the 18th of September, as many as five hundred Creeks passed the Tennessee, at the lower Cherokee towns, and below, on their way, as they declared, to make war on Cumberland, and that they were joined by about one hundred Cherokees of those towns.—This must have been the party that attacked Buchanan's station. Dreadful havoc was expected, but it is now hoped, that the check they have received, will induce them to return without making further attempts upon that settlement.
On the 3d inst. Black's block house, on the head of Crooked Creek, (a branch of Little River) at which there was a sergeant's command, of Capt. Crawford's company, was attacked, by surprise, about an hour and an half in the night, by a party of Indi-

ans, commanded by a Cherokee of Will's town, called the Tail, a brother of the Bench, and Taloketke, consisting of three other Cherokees, and five Creeks.
James Pail was killed, in the house, and George Morse and Robert Sharp, at a fire on the out side, and John Shankland wounded: three horses were killed, and seven taken off.
These are the fruits of the advice of Baron D'Corrondolt and governor O'Neal; and it is due to Mr. Panton, their chief instrument, to add, he has well acted his part.
Extract from a letter in the Kentucky Gazette, dated October 10.
"Official accounts say, that the five lower towns of the Cherokees have declared war, and that three hundred Cherokees, and one hundred Creek Indians, were to march the 7th instant, against some part of this territory; that it is uncertain on what quarter the stroke will fall, but it is expected the design is formed against Cumberland. The war appears inevitable. How shall we avert the impending storm, protect the innocent, and restore a bleeding country to peace? Will millions of dollars, laid out in presents, and given to the enemy, obtain the object? I answer no. It has long been insisted on, that the friendship of Indians can be purchased. I deny the opinion to be founded on reason; and experience has taught us otherwise. I have resided on the frontiers for twenty years past, and claim some knowledge of Indian affairs; and if permitted to judge from experience, fear is the best and only alliance of the friendship of an Indian. The idea of forming treaties and purchasing peace of the Cherokee Indians, is as absurd to me as the fabulous story of the goat treating with the wolf, for the security of her kids, and I blush to think that the policy of the Indians has so far exceeded that of the enlightened nation in which I live; but it may be that the great wisdom of our councils may have been employed on objects more interesting. I shall not pretend to say that the citizens of Philadelphia have no regard for the inhabitants west of the Apalachian mountains, but I know that things at a distance are often viewed as indifferent, and must think that it would be difficult to make a citizen of the western country believe that if Philadelphia was attacked by an enemy that was known to be as faithless as the Cherokee Indians, that the inhabitants of that city would think it any protection to them to give such an enemy guns, cloathes, and ammunition. The Indians boast that we had rather give them our property, than defend it by our arms; and that by making war against us, they can at any time they please, bring on a treaty and obtain presents and peace. And it is also said, that great debates have lately been had among the Cherokee Indians, which would be the most advantageous to them, the stealing of horses or taking women and children prisoners, and that the latter seemed by the most able politicians among them, to be most approved of, from the very high prices which some of our citizens gave for their friends who were lately captured at Cumberland. I am told that the Hanging Maw, Little Turkey, and the upper towns pretend that they are for peace, and that some credit is given to their promises. The Little Turkey is an Indian, and I well remember the conduct of the Hanging Maw in the year 1786, when Keanna and his party decoyed and murdered Read and Bishop. That very fellow, when I marched into one of their towns, and demanded the murderers, informed me that Keanna and all his party had run off to the northward Indians, and that he would deliver them up if ever any of them came into his towns. A few hours after this promise was made by the Hanging Maw, Keanna, by an unexpected event, through the good conduct of Majors Lee and McFarland, fell into our hands, and was fortunately shot through the head by Col. Outlaw. This must prove how little Mr. Hanging Maw is to be depended on. Last year John Watts was our beloved confident. We now learn, that he is commander of the army that is marching against us. Will experience never teach men wisdom? The idea of half war half peace, was a novelty until the year 1776; then introduced by the Cherokees, and ever since suffered to be carried on by that people, which I pronounce to be the worst of wars that ever had an existence, and shews a want of policy in the nation that suffers it to be carried on against them, and is the most advantageous to those who carry it on."
The Indians, as a nation, must be accountable for the depredations committed by their people, or every idea of benefit from a treaty is defeated. The effect of half war half peace amounts to this; the infirm, aged, and such as the Indians call mulh-men, resort to the upper towns, where they are suffered to remain in peace to make provisions for their army; serve as a barrier between us and them, and give them every necessary intelligence they wish to receive, to such as are in arms against us. We must have peace; the horrors of war are too painful any longer to be endured; by giving presents, we enrich our enemy, and teach them to believe we are afraid of them; and I do not scruple to say, that the
best way to obtain a firm and lasting peace, is to make a sudden, indiscriminate, well-directed attack on our enemies—I mean the Cherokee Indians. If we attack the upper towns they will find that we are determined no longer to stand by as idle spectators, and see our dearest friends and nearest relations murdered, scalped, taken captives, burnt, and butchered by the barbarous hands of unprovoked and unrelenting savages. By making the attack on them, we shall save our friends; they will recall their army to defend their own, by which we may evade the stroke intended against Cumberland, and evince to the world, that we have judgment to discern, and power to punish offences; I mean that the United States has this judgment and power; but I fear that even a discretionary power is not lodged with the first officer of this government, to punish the Indians for the crimes they commit against the law of nature and nations, or I am confident he would think the present a proper time to exercise that power."
[Circumstantial account of the aristocratic forces from Martinico, taking the French transports out of the road of St. Kitts.]
Basseterre, Oct. 4. —A squadron of French transports, consisting of 10 or 11, with about 2200 national troops on board, escorted by a frigate, lately arrived at Martinique, but were not suffered to land, being ordered away immediately. A part of them put into Montserrat, and three came here for water and provisions, being in great distress for both—They have neither money or credit. They sent to Guadalupe, but were refused any kind of assistance, and forbid, on pain of death, coming there. Those at Montserrat, with the commodore, have since failed, but where they are gone, we have not been able to learn. Yesterday a French 40 gun ship, and another frigate anchored in Old Road, and ordered the three transports away immediately, with directions to quit these seas. The President sent an officer on board, to inform the Captain, that they were then under the protection of the British—He answered, that if they were under the protection of the devil he would have them. He, however, saluted the officer (Lieut. Hay, of the artillery) both on going and coming, with four guns. In this situation matters remained till this morning, when the officers of both parties were to meet the President, and submit the whole to his decision.
Since writing the above, we are informed, from undoubted authority, that the commodore of the French frigate is MALVO, the same that threatened last war to take the Proserpine, Capt. Byron, and actually sailed from 'Statia for that purpose, but was in the end taken himself by Capt. Byron off Montserrat; he is a native of Guadalupe. He sent an insolent letter to Mr. Etlale, our President, last night, threatening to carry off the transports, and if the national troops were not delivered up, that when he got the ships to sea he would land his troops with field pieces and put them all to death. He said that a counter-revolution took place in France on the 3d of September, and that he absolutely must have the traitors now landed at Old Road. [They all landed last night, in number about 1500]—The former part of his threat he has already put into execution, as he is now standing to windward with all the ships.
But whether he means to execute the latter, time is to determine. The commander of the troops declared, that rather than be given up to the frigate, he would kill himself, knowing well the consequences, should he fall into their hands: The frigates are manned with a parcel of freebooters of all descriptions, picked up as volunteers in Martinique and Guadalupe.
8 o'clock, Thursday evening. We are just informed, that in consequence of another message sent off by Lieut. Hay, M. Malvo has brought to under Brimsstone hill, and is to come on shore to-morrow, to shew by what authority he took these ships away.
His excellency General Woodley has given orders to supply the French troops here with provisions, &c.
[Detached reflections from a correspondent.]
1. A speculating spirit, if prevalent, is always dangerous in any country, and more particularly so when it infects the government itself. In that case the people and their interests are at the mercy of those whose situation and information enables them to take undue advantages of unsuspecting ignorance. It is in this view of things that in the charter of the bank of England there is an article, or clause, expressly prohibiting members of parliament from being national-bank-directors, but which seems to have been carefully omitted in a certain transcript on this side the water.
2. With some characters every matter relating to government must be rendered mysterious; as if on purpose to bewilder the enquirer, and the more he reads the more to perplex him. This is something like the glorious uncertainty of the law, which has been the support of thousands in all ages who must have turned to some less lucrative employments had the code of legislation been disgraced with plain expression
and the open simplicity of honesty and common sense.
3. Oracles in ancient times, being intended to deceive, were always uttered in dark language so as to require interpretation. With the same spirit, the glorious light of financial calculation, in modern times, is only imparted to a few, who tho' perhaps naturally short-sighted animals, yet thro' a glass (not seeing darkly) have been enabled by the effects of extended vision to fatten on the just dues of the army, on the little boon that was the property of the widow & the orphan of him that fell in the deserts of Saratoga, or perished in the inhospitable wastes of Carolina.—It is matter of comfort however, that these leeches will in due time fall off from the body that has long nourished them beyond their just proportion. At present, finding themselves detected and dragged into public view, it is no wonder they endeavour to alleviate the panes of awakened conscience by publishing and disseminating scurrilous pamphlets, which the very midwife, that utters them into existence is ashamed to own—pamphlets "scrawl'd in the eclipse, and stuff'd with curfews" against the old and tried friends of this country; but whom the grateful recollection of the people will support against calumny, imposture, and the envenomed resentment of disappointed ambition and grovelling avarice.
"The darts that envious dunces aim Can never hurt an honest fame; If in yourself but smooth and round They glance aside without a wound."
PHILADELPHIA.
NOVEMBER 3.
The following gentlemen are elected representatives of the state of New-Jersey to the Congress of the United States.—Lambert Cadwallader, John Beatty, Elias Boudinot, Jonathan Dayton, and Abraham Clarke.
Since the reinforcements from France have arrived in Hispaniola, the negroes in many parts have returned to their duty. Their treatment, it is said, is much altered for the better. They have now (what they should have had before) a good allowance of beef and pork every day, and are clothed with frocks and trowsers instead of going naked.—It is sincerely wished that the discipline of the cart-whip might be abolished; a mode of punishment too cruel for infliction upon any species of animation whatever.
Accounts are received, by express, from the westward, that nine hundred Indians had attacked a fort near Cumberland river, but that they were repulsed with great slaughter.
Wednesday last arrived the ship Pigon, capt Loxley, which sailed from London the 1st of September, and was detained in the channel 15 days, by contrary winds—she came into our Capes last Monday.
By this vessel we learn that there have been, this season, very plentiful crops in England; there are still in the granaries large quantities of old wheat.
A passenger in this ship had been in Paris a short time before the Pigon failed; he is of opinion, that the intelligence received in America from France, has been very generally erroneous—and that French affairs do not, by any means, appear unfavourable to the friends of freedom.
Capt. Gooch, of the schooner Abigail, of Boston, is arrived here from Malaga, after a passage of 30 days. When capt. Gooch was at Gibraltar, on the 29th of September last, he was informed by a respectable merchant, Mr. Anderson, that he had that day received several letters from France, containing very interesting intelligence—that the combined armies had been engaged in a general action with one of the French armies; the enemy consisted of 70,000 men; the number of French was not mentioned. The slaughter on both sides was very great, and the battle terminated in favour of the patriots—for the enemy was forced to retreat, and the French kept the field. It was said the enemy expected to be reinforced by a junction with the Russian troops. It was also mentioned, that the king of Spain was raising troops, and intended to send an army of 60,000 men to join the concert of princes. The Russians and Turks have closed the articles of a peace. The king and queen of France were still in prison. No further intelligence of the marquis de la Fayette. "The alternative adopted by this virtuous soldier was dreadful to his feelings. He must either have defended himself by force, and ruined his country, or he must have become a sacrifice to the PEOPLE, whom he at first served with the most faithful activity, and has since offended by error only; for Fayette is
certainly an honest patriot; but his present attachment to royalty is not of a corrupt nature. He has been deceived by those, whose excessive and improper exaltation, gave them power over almost every person within their reach, when they chose to condescend."
"A gentleman who was lately in Paris, and had an opportunity of observing the proceedings of the National Assembly, informs us, that he never saw business so quickly dispatched by any public body; and, says our correspondent, the truth is, that comparatively speaking, there is no difference of opinion amongst the French Patriots."
We are happy in being able to inform the public, that the Canal intended to unite the waters of Susquehanna and Schuylkill, was begun on Friday last, on the crown level of the middle ground, between the Tulpehocken and Quitapahilla: and that the canal for uniting the waters of the Schuylkill and Delaware, was begun on Tuesday last, near Norriton Mill.
Extract of a letter from Virginia.
"It seems to be the almost unanimous wish of the people of our state, to have a change in the Vice Presidency of the United States. Several candidates have been named, but Governor Clinton appears to us to be the only one who would unite the republican interest, and there can be little doubt of his election, provided no other candidate is offered to divide the interest."
A correspondent, who has lately made a tour through most of the districts of this state informs, that a change in the above office also appears desirable to the people of this state, and that they unanimously speak of Governor Clinton as the man. From South Carolina we have similar accounts, as appears from the following paragraph, which we are requested to republish:—
"CAMDEN (S. C.) The approaching election of President and Vice-President begins to occupy the public attention—with respect to the first there can be no division, and if we can get the better of a little state pride, and a prepossession in favor of some one of our own Dons, I believe that distinguished patriot, Governor Clinton, will also have the unanimous voice of the electors of this state."
It is mentioned in the Knoxville Gazette, that "the principal chiefs of the Cherokee Indians (except five of the lower towns) have given notice that the five lower towns are for war, and every other part of the nation for peace with the United States."
Extract of a letter from an officer in the United States army, at Fort Jefferson, to his friend in N. York, dated September 11, 1792.
"As for peace, it is entirely out of the question: the savages are determined for war.
"To give you an idea of this place—read some Fairy Tale; a cruel giant's castle, in the midst of an almost impenetrable forest, surrounded by moats, swamps, &c. &c. secluded from all the rest of mankind, and you have the picture complete. As for music, we have at night the most enchanting concert of wolves, bears, panthers, &c. imaginable. At this instant there is one of the latter (or some devil of an Indian, who can imitate them all) howling round the garrison, a note sufficient to strike terror to the heart of man. There are very few nights that we are not under arms, being alarmed by our sentinels firing on the enemy, who, we know, have two or three spies constantly about us. We dare not go beyond the gates: however, thank God, we want neither provisions, water, ammunition, nor men.
"From every circumstance, there is not the smallest doubt of the next campaign's being a bloody one."
FIVE DOLLARS REWARD.
RUNAWAY from the subscriber in Philadelphia the 15th of September a negro man, named CUFF. He is about 23 years of age, 5 feet 6 inches high, has a remarkable walk, & had on a red & yellow striped button jacket. Russia sheeting shirt and trowsers of the same stuff a pair of shoes and an old round hat. Whoever will take up the said negro—and bring him to Mr. Andrew Streely, Market street, or secure him so that I get him, shall have the above reward and all reasonable expenses.
HERMAN BROOCK. 31. 12W.

[From an unknown Correspondent.]
A Monsieur Philippe Freneau, Editeur de la Gazette Nationale.
PLUS je vois tes écrits, plus je lis ta gazette ; Plus je me sens fait d'une flamme secrète Que m'inspire leur vérité : Qu'ons * bien nés nouveaux nomment temerité Surtout quand elle enfanté une ardeur indiscrète A certains réflexions De leur risible noblesse,
Qu'ils veulent établir des spéculations Pour traîner des longs jours dans la vile mollesse. Après qu'ils ont ravi, comme font les bourdons Ce suc délicieux travaille par l'abeille. Puis pour nous en conter de toutes les façons En discours empoules, et maussades chansons, Que déchirent trop mon oreille :
Pour que dans certains tems, et certaines saisons Je suive les conseils qu'à Silvius tu donnes ; Sans pouvoir éviter que des demangeaisons Me forcent plume en main, et que je l'abandonne Aux affligeants effets, qu'un jeune ambitieux, En dépit du bon sens, de la terre et des cieux ; Vient de nous imposer, par le plus vil outrage :
Mais dont l'orage Doit tomber sur les sens bien nés et demi- lieux
Dès-que la vérité, parlera son langage. Ah ! je crains voir ces tems, où les Américains Vont être gouvernés par l'infame Gabelle : Forces agioteurs, maquereaux et putains ; Vils courtisans . . . . . laquais . . . . . et copiste fidelle
De ce monstre de la Loi, que l'enfer en courroux Vomit sur la terre Gallique Et dont l'impérieuse Amérique Ne fut parer, les redoutables coups. Peut-on souffrir enfin, qu'au temple de memoire Cet être ambitieux ose se présenter ?
Mais quand l'histoire Nous instruirait, qu'on en fut le chasseur A coup-de-pieds au cu, pour le précipiter An fond de l'onde noire Ce sera chose a reciter, Pour donner aux mortels un aussi just exemple, Que dans ce temple
Aucun port ses pas, et n'ose s'y montrer Sans que par la vertu, l'on y puisse percer.
* Nobles Américains. † Speculation est entendu en Amérique par le mot agioteur , qui est dérivé du verbe latin ago , agir, être actif. Je voudrais le définir par, faire coup de griffe. ‡ Voyez, poëmes par P. Freneau, Tome 2d. page 38. To Sylvius, on the folly of writing poetry . § L'Auteur fait trois degrés d'êtres auxiliaires qui ont concouru et soutiennent de tout leur pouvoir le destructeur et national pillage. 1. Les sens font tous ces méprisables courtisans des campagnes, qui se font mis dans une médiocre situation aux dépens des ignorants, de la veuve, et de l'orphelin. 2. Bien-nés, benes-nati , well born, déjà remarqués, sont les sectateurs de M. Jean Adams : riches, pauvres, orgueilleux, présomptueux, grands agioteurs, n'importe de quel état, ils se croyaient d'une caste plus fine que celle de leurs concitoyens. 3. Demi-dieux sont les Altesses corrompues, ou, la majorité des deux chambres. Ils se croyaient forsis de la cuisse de Jupiter ; leurs noms seront marqués avec de l'encre puisée dans le Styx par des écrivains impartiaux. Ce terme n'est pas éloigné. || Gabelle, ou excise sur le sel : une des plus odieuses taxes qu'on impose sur des peuples, comme le sont toutes les indirectes. ¶ Lois ou Laws : l'auteur du Mississippi sous la malheureuse régence. Son nom est en horreur en France, malgré que le regent, des ducs et pairs, des seigneurs, agioteurs, spéculateurs, et leur véhémente auxiliaire soutinssent les procédés infâmes.
Some particulars relative to the interior parts of America [by Mr. Imlay, formerly of New-Jersey. Continued from No. 104.]
THE frequent turnings in the Mississippi produce in every bend eddy water, which with the advantage the wind affords (which blowing the greater part of the year from the south-west, and directly up the windings of the river, which, by reason of the vacancy between the banks and rising forests on either side, afford a channel for the current of the air) is sufficient with sails, keeping as much as possible in the eddy water, to carry a boat 50 miles a day up the stream.
To account for those winds philosophically would be extremely easy ; but, as it is a circumstance notorious from the testimony of voyagers in the Mississippi and Ohio, I presume the test of experience will be preferred to any philosophical disquisition upon the subject.
Should this navigation prove too tedious, and no improvements appear likely to be made in it, the importing into the country may be facilitated by another channel, from the Gulf of Mexico up the Mobile, which is a lazy current ; from the principal branch of which there is but a short passage to a branch of the Tennessee, when you will have the advantage of the stream quite into the Ohio. I have enumerated this circumstance merely for the sake of information, for I have not the smallest doubt of the eligibility of the navigation of the Mississippi, which is proved from the experiments which are daily making.
The distance from Pittsburg to the Muskigum is 173 miles ; to the Little Kanahaw 178 ; to the Great Kanahaw 285 ; to Great Sandy 342 ; to the Sciota 390 ; to the Limestone 500 ; to the Little Miami 510 ; to Licking creek 524 ; to the Great Miami 550 ; to the Great-bone creek 582 ; to the Kentucky 626 ; to the Rapiers 703 ; to Salt river 723 ; to Green river 922 ; to the Wabash 1019 ; to Cumberland river 1113 ; to the Tennessee 1126 ; to the Mississippi 1183 ; from thence to New Orleans is about 1200.
It is about 230 miles from the mouth of the Ohio up the Mississippi to the mouth of the Missouri, and about 20 from thence to Illinois, which is navigable for bateaux to its source. From thence there is a portage only of 2 miles to Chickago, which is also navigable for bateaux to its entrance into lake Michigam, which is a distance of 16 miles. This lake affords communication with the river St. Lawrence through Lake Erie, passing Niagara by a portage of 2 miles. The
lake Erie and Michigam are navigable for vessels drawing 6 and 7 feet water. This is one of the routes by which the exchange of commodities between the northern and southern parts of this empire will be facilitated.
In continuing the plan of intercourse, it will be found extremely easy to pass through lake Ontario to Wood creek, up Wood creek, and by a portage of about 3 miles you arrive at a creek, which in 3 miles more brings you to Fort Edward upon the Mohawk river, which is a branch of Hudson's river. There are several carrying places between that and its junction with Hudson ; but very little labour would remove them, and I have no doubt but the state of New-York will be judicious enough to set early about it. It is certain that they have ordered surveys to be made, and plans are forming for the removal of those obstructions. It has been long in embryo with them. It was impossible a plan of so much utility could escape that sage and penetrating politician General Schuyler, whose vast estate lies mostly in that part of America.
There are also portages into the waters of lake Erie from the Wabash, Great Miami, Muskigum, and Allegany, from 2 to 16 miles. The portage between the Ohio and Potowmac will be about 20 miles when the obstructions in the Monongahala and Cheat rivers are removed, which will form the first object of the gentlemen of Virginia when they have completed the canals on the Potowmac.
The obstructions to the navigation of the Great Kanahaw are of such magnitude, that it will require a work of ages to remove them ; but if ever that should be done, there will be an easy communication between that and James river, and likewise with the Roanoke, which runs through North-Carolina. But this is an event too remote to deserve any consideration at present.
All the rivers in this country of 60 yards wide and upwards, are navigable almost to their sources for flat-bottomed boats during their floods, and for bateaux the greater part of the year, the great Kanahaw and little Miami excepted. The Tennessee has a considerable fall where it passes through Cumberland mountain, where there must be a portage also. From thence it is navigable quite to Holston.
The rapids of Ohio I have described in a former letter. They are no obstruction in high water to boats going down the river, and indeed bateaux may pass almost at any time. There are two small rapids in the Wabash between its mouth and St. Vincent's, but they are no impediment to navigation, except at times of low water. The Kaskaskia, is a small river which runs into the Mississippi below the Illinois, and is navigable a considerable way above the Plains ; the Mississippi is navigable to St. Anthony's Falls, without any obstruction. Carver describes it as navigable above them as far as he travelled. We have too little knowledge of the Missouri to form any decided opinion of the extent of its navigation. It is however certain, that it is a more powerful stream than the Mississippi, and in entering that river, it triumphantly rushes across, and its turbid waters, unmixed, seem to disdain a connection with the clearer current of the other. An easy communication again opens by land from the northern lakes to the head branches of the rivers which run into Hudson's bay into the Arctic regions—and from the sources of the Missouri into the Great South Sea. Thus in the centre of the earth, governing by the laws of reason and humanity we seem calculated to become at once the emporium and protectors of the world.
Before I finish this letter, I shall just enter into some of the minutiae of the distance and time of descending down the Ohio, which will serve for an account of all the other rivers. Mr. Jefferson has stated that "the inundations of the Ohio begin about the last of March, and subside in July.
Frequent rains in the latter end of the autumn produce floods in the Ohio, and it is an uncommon season when one of those floods does not happen before Christmas. If there is much frosty weather in the upper parts of the country, its waters generally remain low until they begin to thaw. But, if the river is not frozen over (which is not very common), there is always water sufficient for boats of any size from November until May ; when the waters generally begin to subside ; and by the middle of June in most seasons they are too low for boats above forty tons, and these must be flat bottomed. The frost seldom continues so long as the middle of February, and immediately upon its breaking the river is flooded ; this flood may in a degree subside, but for no length of time ; and it is from that period until May that the boats generally come down the river. The distance of descending is in proportion to the height of the water ; but the average distance is about eighty miles in twenty-four hours, and from sixty to one hundred are the extremes ; so that the mean time of going in a flat-bottomed boat from Pittsburg to the Rapids, is between eight and nine days, and about twenty days more to New-Orleans : which will make a passage from Pittsburg to that place nearly a month. The inundations of the Mississippi commence something later than those of the Ohio ; but it is very certain they begin in March, and subside in July. This is the most proper time to ascend the river, as you avoid the shoals, have finer weather, but above all, when the water is high, you have stronger eddies ; and with taking the advantages, and with dexterous watermen, you may proceed fifty miles a day which will bring you back to the rapids of the Ohio in forty days, making a large allowance for contingencies.
I shall take leave of you for the present, with observing, that the smaller rivers have no stated period to govern their inundations ; but are subject to be flooded by all heavy rains, which is a great advantage to the country, as it affords the inhabitants frequent opportunities of sending their produce to the several markets upon the large rivers.
** Three handsome Editions of the Laws of the United States for sale at this office (No. 209 Market-street) in folio and octavo, either full or half bound—N.B. The Laws of the last Session, in octavo only, may be had separate, price three eighths of a dollar,
METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS
  October, 1792.  D. H. Bar. Ther. Wind. Weath.    Tuesday, 23. 7 30. 45 32 N.N.E. Fair.  2 30. 48 55 do. do.  Wednesday, 24. 7 30. 37 37 Calm Fair.  2 30. 25 64 S.S.W. do.  Thursday, 25. 7 30. 1 52 W. Fair.  2 30. 1 70 N.W. do.  Friday, 26. 7 30. 1 46 Calm Fair.  2 30. 17 71 S.W. do.  Saturday, 27. 7 30. 20 46 N. Fair.  2 30. 25 68 E. do.  Sunday, 28. 7 30. 19 49 Calm Haze.  2 30. 0 66 S.W. Fair.  Monday, 29. 7 29. 92 52 Calm Fog.  2 30. 0 66 N.E. cloudy  
FOR SALE, A good MILL SEAT, And an excellent stand for a country store, Situate on Millstone-Creek, about seven miles from Hide's Town or Cranberry, on the great road leading from Hide's Town to Monmouth court-house, in New-Jersey.
THERE are one hundred and sixty-seven acres and an half of good land in the above mentioned tract ; a new mill thereon 28 by 40 feet, just built ; an excellent stream of water ; the mill enjoys a head of water between 6 and 7 feet ; has 2 pair of stones, and water sufficient to drive 4 pair ; about 25 acres of excellent meadow, and about 20 acres more to be made with great convenience ; two good frame dwelling houses thereon, built about 4 years since, with kitchens to both ; a barn and stables ; excellent water close to the door, and including about 25 acres of excellent wood land. For terms apply to Joseph Garmee on the premises, or at M c Kean and Van Emburgh's store on their wharf immediately next below Arch-street, to
ROBERT M c KEAN : Who has for Sale, Five Grants of Land in Franklin county, in the state of Georgia, of 1000 acres each ; Situate on Broad River, and taken up 28th June last. One grant in the same county and state, of one thousand acres, dated 25th May, 1790. One of two hundred and eighty-seven acres and an half, in the same county and state, dated 23d April, 1789, and on Trail Creek ; and one grant of two hundred and eighty-seven acres, and an half, in the same county and state, on the Oconee River. Philad. Oct. 31. 4t e. w.
New-York and Philadelphia STAGES, AND Bordenton, Burlington, and Trenton or Lamberton PACKETS.
THE proprietors of the New-York and Philadelphia Land and Water Stages, beg leave to mention, that for the better accommodation of the passengers, they have removed their different packet boats from their former stand, at the Crooked Billet Wharf, to the wharf or dock immediately next below Arch-street ; from whence a convenient packet boat starts for New-York, as usual, on every Sunday, Tuesday, Wednesday and Thursday, and returns on every Tuesday, Thursday, Friday and Saturday. The passage to be made either by the way of Bordenton or Burlington ; each place taken alternately.
Fare for passengers from Philadelphia to New-York 15s. For goods do. do. per cwt. 6s. Ods Van Emburgh and M c Kean, David Williamson, Proprietors of the line of New York and Philadelphia stages, by the route of Bordenton.
Jacob Myers, Amos Hutchinson, Nicholas Schenck, Proprietors of the line of New York and Philadelphia stages, by the route of Burlington. Bordenton, Oct. 1.
For freight or passage apply to the masters on board, or to
M c Kean and Van Emburgh ; Who have for sale at their store on said wharf, immediately next below Arch-street, Ole Madeira, } Muskovado, } Teneriffe, and } Loaf, and } SUGARS Mountain } Lump } Jamaica Spirits, } Molasses, } Antigua, } Coffee, } Montserat & } Chocolate, } Newbury } Bohca Tea, } Rochelle Brandy } Burlington Pork, } in pipes, cases and } Hams, } demijohns, } Flour, } Gin in pipes and cases, } Bar Iron, &c. &c. &c. Orders for Grain, Staves, Bills of Scantling, or other Lumber, punctually attended to. For freight or passage to Lamberton or Trenton, apply at said wharf to Thomas Ashmore, William Douglass, John Ashmore or Alexander Douglass, (Masters on board) or as above, to M c Kean & Van Emburgh. Philadelphia, October 6, 1792.
Manufactured and for Sale, At No. 11, North Sixth-street, Fashionable Round Top and Flat BUTTONS,
Warranted superior to any imported of equal price. Country Store-keepers supplied either in small or large quantities, By S. POST & Co. N.B. Conkhel Buttons, Buckles, &c. Oct. 17. eawtf
JUST PUBLISHED
By E. OSWALD, (Price Eleven Pence) FIVE LETTERS, addressed to the Yeomanry of the United States:
CONTAINING some Observations on the Scheme of Wm. Duer Esq. and Mr. Secretary Hamilton, to establish National Manufactures, by a FARMER. This pamphlet, so highly interesting at this period, may be had at the following places : at Mr. Oswald's Printing-Office, No 156, Market-street ; at No. 209, Market-street ; at Mr. Dobson's, 41, South Second-street ; at Mr. Crukshanks, 91, Market-street ; at Mr. Aitken's, 22, Market-street ; and at Mr. Young's S. W. corner of Chestnut and Second-streets. August 21.
New-Jersey Confiscated Lands.
WHEREAS the first purchaser did not comply with the conditions of sale ; this is to give notice that the following tract of land, containing fifty acres and thirty nine hundredths, situate in Hardin township, near the road that leads from Elijah Collards, deceased, to Paulinskill, late the property of Oliver De Lancey, will be sold at public vendue. The sale to begin on Wednesday the 28th day of November next, at 2 o'clock in the afternoon at Sussex courthouse ; and besides cash, the following state obligations will be received in payment, to wit,—Officers and soldiers notes given for the depreciation of their pay—notes given to the militia of this state for the arrears of their pay—certificates liquidated by Silas Condict—and notes given by the Treasurer of this state to persons who had demands against the confiscated estates of New-Jersey.
JOSEPH GASTON, Agent for Sussex county. Oct. 24, 1792. 4w.7aw.
Terres à Vendre
Dans un pays bien peuplé,—SAVOIR, soixante cinq mille, trois cens, soixante et quatorze Acres, en une seule pièce, dans le canton le mieux peuplé de la Caroline Méridionale, le District de Ninety-Six. Ces terres sont situées dans une contrée agréable, et salubre, où les fièvres sont inconnues ; à environ vingt lieues de la Capitale, la Capitale, et contiguës à la ville de Cambridge, où il y a un College, et Cour supérieure. A environ douze lieues, il y a une bonne navigation ; et il est très probable, que dans quelque tems on rendra navigable le Grand Saude, rivière qui arrose les terres mêmes. Elles sont agréablement diversifiées de coteaux et vallons charmans propres à la culture du tabac, du coton, du maïs et du petit grain ; et dont une proportion considérable se peut aisément convertir en prairies fertiles. Il n'est peut-être guères possible de rencontrer une pareille pièce de terre à vendre dans aucun autre des Etats Unis ; et pour les conditions de l'achat, on les rendra très commodes. S'informer à l'imprimerie de la Gazette Nationale. Sept. 5.
LANDS FOR SALE,
IN a well settled Country. SIXTY-FIVE THOUSAND THREE HUNDRED AND SEVENTY-FOUR ACRES OF LAND, in one body, in the most populous part of the state of South-Carolina, in the district of Ninety-six—It is situated in a fine healthy climate, free from fever & ague, about sixty miles from Columbia, the seat of government. The land is contiguous to the town of Cambridge, where are a seminary for the instruction of youth, and a superior law court. It is at present within about thirty-five miles of good navigation, with a probability of having the river, called the Great Saluda, that flows along one side of the land, made navigable. The land is beautifully diversified into swells and vales, and is perfectly well calculated for the culture of tobacco, cotton, Indian corn, and small grain ; a great proportion of it may be made meadow ground. There is not, perhaps, such a body of land, so circumstanced, for sale in any other of the U. States. The terms of payment will be made convenient to the purchaser or purchasers. Apply to the Printer. August 29. 1awtf
TAKE NOTICE.
WHEREAS a mulatto man named LUKE, the property of the subscriber living in Accomack county, Virginia, ran away from him on the first day of September last, and was taken up and committed to the gaol of Newcastle county, in the State of Delaware, on the 14th day of September, where he remained until the 4th of this instant, October, when a Mr. Jones, who said he lived in Frederick Town, in the county of Cecil, in Maryland, appeared and produced a Benjamin Ferguson, who made oath that he suspected the said slave to be a freeman, named John Wright, who had failed with the said Ferguson in a schooner belonging to the said Jones, and had committed a burglary on board of her in July last, in consequence of which the said slave was delivered by order of the hon. David Finney, a supreme judge of the said state of Delaware, to the said Jones, to take his trial for the said supposed offence. As I am fully convinced from the description of the said slave, given to me by the gaoler, that he is my property, and that the said Ferguson has mistaken him for Wright, I do hereby direct the said Mr. Jones, and Ferguson, to return the said slave to the place from whence they took him, and to inform me thereof, otherwise I shall proceed according to law.
JOHN CROPPER, Jun. Oct. 16th. 1792. 2a.w.3w.
PRINTED BY CHILDS AND SWAINE, AT THEIR OFFICE NO. 209, HIGH-STREET, NEAR FIFTH-STREET, PHILADELPHIA.