The national intelligencer and Washington advertiser. (Washington City [D.C.]), 1801-04-27 00:00:00

The National Intelligencer,
AND WASHINGTON ADVERTISER.
VOL. I. WASHINGTON CITY, PRINTED BY SAMUEL HARRISON SMITH, NEW-JERSEY AVENUE, NEAR THE CAPITOL. No. LXXVI.
FIVE DOLLS. PER ANN.
MONDAY, APRIL 27th, 1801.
PAID IN ADVANCE.
Extract from the "POWERS OF GENIUS." By MR. LINN.
"WHERE rolls the Forth this wild romantic flood, Amid the moor an humble dwelling stood; There liv'd an honest pair, whose only joy Dwelt in their child, a simple shepherd boy; With fancy, kindled by the breath of fame, They gave their son ORLANDO's sounding name. A modest bust, an honest heart he had, And every village neighbour blest'd the lad. Serene o'er his head had eighteen years Flown unembitter'd by remorseless ters. He lov'd his pipe, and when the vale was still, His strain came sweetened from the Shuckly hill; Nature he lov'd in all her various forms, Her sleeping green, her mountain beat by storms; Her winding stream, her ever-rolling waves, Her cooling shades, her deep and diml caves. Thus smil'd his days—but why the tale prolong? He saw fair ANNA—Anna 'woke his song; Her lovely limbs a snowy vesture bound, A silken cineture clasp'd her form around; Hung carceles on her back her dusky hair, And wavy'd in ringlets to the sportive air. Her smile awakened every hope of love, Her modest mildness would that hope re-ove: A pensive sorrow shad'd o'er her face, Admiring nature gave her every grace. Orlando lov'd—but all his vows were vain, And all the sweetness of his mournful strain. An happier Shepherd, from the banks of Tay, Bow'd to her charms, and bore the maid away. Orlando mourns—his sun has set in night, And fled each hope, and every fond delight. A fallen phrenzy dims his noble soul: In gloomy silence his dark eye-balls roll; At dead of night he wanders o'er the vale, And bares his bosom to the chilling gale; Among the rocks he leans to hear the roar Of billows chafing on the sounding shore. Each sound which strikes the villagers with fear, Is all the strain Orlando loves to hear. One night, when howl'd the loud and angry North, Alone he wander'd on the banks of Forth; Autumn had robb'd the foliage of the trees, Their naked branches trembled to the breeze: The birds no longer rais'd their billing strains, But coming winter chill'd and hush'd the plains. Heedless he rov'd, while deeper clouds o'erspread, And wilder tempests beat upon his head: His phrenzy grew amid the ruthless storm; His fancy law his long lost Anna's form: Onward he rush'd—he held the form in view, He call'd on Anna—Anna from him flew: Often he clasp'd in hope the fleeting maid, But only clasp'd an unsubstantial shade. Now up the hill he turns his headlong course, And laughs convulsive at the tempest's force; He gains the height, and from the giddy brow Beholds the wave roll sullenly below; Nor Anna there rewards his eager sight, But darker terrors fill the starless night: His dying hopes are follow'd by despair; He calls on death, and breathes his frantic pray'r; He murmur's Anna's name, and from the steep Leaps in the bosom of the whelming deep!
FOR SALE,
THREE BRICK HOUSES,
Opposite the Navy Office—They are three stories high, with two parlours on the first floor. Immediate possession may be given. Enquire of WILLIAM DYER, either at the above-mentioned buildings, or at his house on I street, north of the new War Office.
April 17, 1801. tf.
FOR SALE, OR RENT.
TWO Brick dwelling houses, situated on the Pennsylvania-avenue near the President's house; each containing two handsome parlours and passage on the first floor, four lodging rooms, including garret, all private, kitchen and cellar; the whole will be completely finished in a few days: the yard's front palisadoed and set with trees; the walks to the street paved or gravelled, which will render the same as comfortable a situation as any in this City for a private family; and will be sold for less than any gentleman can have the same built for. A family of negroes, will be taken in part payment, or Lots will be exchanged for Slaves. For particulars enquire on the Premises of
OWEN ROBERTS. tf.
March 11, 1801.
The subscriber will exchange a number of LOTS in the City of Washington for a TRACT of LAND, not too distant from a market. The Lots are situate on or near the Eastern Branch, and will be exchanged on liberal terms.
ALEXANDER YOUNG. tf.
City of Washington, April 13, 1801.
FOR THE NATIONAL INTELLIGENCER.
Comparison between the Value of Lands in Great Britain and America, as objects of Speculation.
GREAT BRITAIN.
AMERICA.
 1. The high state of improvement, the crowded population, and the low price of labour render the price 30 and 40 £. Sterling per acre. The want of improvement, and of population, and the high price of labour, render the price from one to two Dollars per acre.  2. The National debt of 500 and odd Millions, and the East India company's debts have created a number of stockholders, who being purchasers raise landed property above its value. Should their debts be lost, land would fall 50 per cent or more. If a war should encrease the debt, the value of lands would rise by encrease of purchasers, or if peace continues it will rise with encreased population.  3. The population being full it is exposed to diminution by transportations to Botany Bay and by her soldiers sent to Gibraltar, West-Indies, Canada, Nova Scotia, Cape of Good Hope, Ceylon, St. Helena, &c. &c. &c. A fertile soil, with plenty of timber, coal, lime, iron, copper, &c. &c. induces emigration from all quarters, and as the countrymen consist of industrious citizens who marry early, the multiplication astonishes the Old World; some calculate that the population doubles in 15 or 20 years.  4. Exposed to war by her extensive possessions and by her neighbourhood with belligerent powers, in proof of which the present enormous debt has been accumulated in a Century. Not exposed to war as the lakes, rivers and mountains now form a natural barrier between her and Canada, and as the Indians decrease, and as the Atlantic is between her and European powers.  5. Supported by Machinery which a sensible traveller estimates at 50 Millions of £. Sterling, whereby she is able to export manufactures (after supplying her own subjects) to purchase Teas, Wines, &c. to support the consumption of Armies, Navies, civil and ecclesiastical Debt, drones, and all their Servants, &c. which amount to half the people. Machinery, canals, &c. are rapidly establishing, that she may import raw materials and supply herself with manufactures; hitherto agriculture, house-building, and ship-building have chiefly claimed attention; But now iron and tin manufactures, sail cloth, cordage, boulting-cloths, playing cards, bottles, glasses, &c. are successfully made, and America is applying the improvements of the Old World, and availing herself of the accumulated knowledge of Centuries.  6. The land tax and the poor rates annually encreasing exclusive of ten cent on income. No land tax, scarce a poor rate.  7. The West-India produce monopolized, but as duties encrease, the proprietors of the Island are sending their produce direct to foreign Markets. After the war the West-Indies will require more timber, &c. and as the return cargoes must be in produce, the time fast approaches when America by her topographical situation will have the principal commerce of the West-Indies.  8. The Government is obliged to encrease its power by encroaching on the rights of the people as its taxes encrease, its double discontent is excited, and notwithstanding this the Government is struggling to continue the old sources of bloodshed and expence by insisting on the balance of power. The executive government has been twice changed without the least derangement or apprehension, and the citizens become more attached to the present constitution as they prosper under it, and more averse to change as they have more to lose; the debt likely to diminish, and the number and capability of the payers increase in an inverse ratio.  9. The King forms family compacts and alliances with foreign powers and thus sows the seeds of future bloodshed and disputes, because he possesses Hanover, and his children must marry abroad. Any fellow-citizen may by abilities and virtues indulge the hope of obtaining the hand and heart of any of the Executive's children and all the evils which flowed from royal marriages are precluded.  10. The component parts of the British Constitution are discordant, and daily become more divided; the democratic or republican part of the Constitution has encouraged mental and corporeal exertions by good laws and the trial by Jury, whilst despotism kept the rest of Europe in darkness; but the Monarchical and aristocratical parts of the Constitution have dissipated, in idle and ferocious wars all the wealth which the other created. The taxes, tythes, corruption of Boroughs, &c. all render the people adverse to the Government. Hitherto they have acquiesced in every imposition, as men are not easily induced to risk the loss of property; but now they begin to give up hopes of benefit from their own representatives and two distinct parties are forming, viz. the people and the Government. As the former party encreases, the monied men and nobility rally round the throne; the Minority is become insignificant, because benefits are not expected as heretofore by change of Ministers. Dissenters, Reformers, Republicans, and those reduced to distress now form a large and powerful body which misery daily encreases, and the period fast approaches when the collision will take place. The loss of a Colony, the establishment of rival manufactures, or a deficit in the receipts may at once occasion it. 
A complete Assortment of Sheathing Copper, Bolts and Nails, is just received, and for sale by WILSONS & MARIS, No. 105, Market Street. Baltimore, April 24, 1801. 7t
FOR SALE, The complete frames for two buildings, ONE 44 feet by 24 feet, two stories, the other 28 by 16, both of best white oak and prepared in the best manner, being intended for the use of the owner. Poplar feather-edged plank, sufficient to complete, may be had with them. Enquire of the printer. April 20. tf
FOR SALE OR RENT, Two elegant brick Houses, 40 by 20 feet, SITUATE on King and Columbia streets Alexandria, as well calculated for the grocery and flour business as any in the city; also two large stores adjoining the above houses, 25 feet front, by 36 feet deep, and I will likewise lease or sell, 7 or 8 valuable lots on King and Patrick streets, subject to a small ground rent. Possession will be given of one of the houses immediately, and the other in 30 days. Any person wishing to purchase, one fourth of the purchase money will be required in hand, one fourth in 3 months, and the balance in 12 months, by paying interest and giving a security on the property.
I will also sell or rent, Two new two-story Brick Houses, 25 feet front by 36 feet deep, situated near Pennsylvania Avenue, on the corner of E and B streets, between the great Hotel and the President's house. The situation for private families or stores, is equal, if not preferable, it being at present in the most populous part of the City. Possession will be given of one of the houses on the first day of next May, and the other on the first day of June following—One fourth part of the purchase money will be required in hand, one fourth in 90 days, and the balance will be taken either in net groes, dry goods or groceries. The negroes at their valuation, and the goods at the wholesale prices.
I will also sell, Six or eight thousand acres valuable Kentucky land. The terms of payment will be required as above mentioned.
The subscriber intends carrying on the brick-laying and plastering business extensively, and will keep a constant supply of bricks and lime for sale, he will also undertake to furnish all materials to any person disposed to build in the City, on the most reasonable terms for cash. Application to be made to Francis Peyton, Esq. for the property in Alexandria, or to
N. VOSS.
City of Washington, April 8, 1801. 2M
FOR SALE, A Valuable Tract of LAND,
LYING in part on the main Richmond road, a mile from the Rappahannock River, four Miles below Fredericksburg, (in a healthy and most agreeable neighbourhood,) containing about five hundred and thirty three ACRES well watered upon the said Tract there are about two hundred and fifty acres of Wood Land, the greater part of which is equal if not superior in quality to any high lands, yet uncleared in Scotland. Here are upon it a dwelling-house, necessary out houses, a very large barn, and a most valuable Mill seat, with a mill-house already built, capable of Manufacturing Twenty thousand bushels of wheat annually, after being put in perfect repair. There is also upon it about sixty Acres of first rate meadow land, part of which is already reclaimed and has produced very heavy crops of Timothy Hay. The above Land is bounded by the lands of Gen. A. Spotswood, Messrs. Wm. Herndon, Mann Page, Francis Taliaferro, and the Tract the subscriber at present lives on. Any further description I deem unnecessary as those who may be disposed to purchase will of course view the land. Upon said tract there are about one hundred and thirty Bushels of Wheat sown, the greater part of which look well and promising.
The said tract of land will be sold by the subscriber at private or public sale, three fourths of the purchase money to be paid on the day of sale and the balance in twelve months, bearing interest from the date, the purchaser giving bond with approved security. If not sold by private sale, by the first Monday in May next, it will then be sold on the premises on that day if for, if not the next day to the highest bidder. The land in the mean time will be shown to any person who may wish to purchase by Messrs Francis Taliaferro, James Tutt, Wm. Darnaby and the subscriber.
LAURENCE BROOKE.
March 18, 1801. tM

WASHINGTON CITY
MONDAY, APRIL 27, 1801.
A letter from Madrid, dated at Madrid 22 March last, mentions that on that day war was declared by Spain against Portugal, in the usual forms and places, at that capital.
The Chevalier DE YRUJO, his Catholic majesty's minister plenipotentiary, has just received the official accounts of the Declaration of War by his court against Portugal, which took place on the 27th of February, 1801. The manifesto received states, that the French army was to enter Portugal immediately, and in concert with the Spanish forces, to make a vigorous attack on the capital. [Aurora.]
The Patapsco sloop of war has been sold at Philadelphia for 24,000 dollars. Messrs. Wm. Read and Co. were the purchasers.
From the votes given for GOVERNOR in Massachusetts by 304 towns, it appears that Mr. Strong has 21,319 Mr. Gerry 17,216
Present majority for Mr. Strong, 4,103
The report of the death of the celebrated Dr. Herschell, is unfounded.
AMERICAN PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY. Philadelphia, April 17th, 1801.
At a stated meeting of the Society, the following gentlemen were duly elected as members:— Thomas T. Hewson, of Philadelphia. Joseph Joaquin de Ferrer, of Cadiz. Francisco Peyrolon, Secretary of the Royal Society de Amigos del Pais, of Valencia. Extract from the minutes, JOSEPH CLAY, Sec'y.
BOSTON, April 14. Yesterday arrived, Schooner Samuel, capt. Williams, from Malaga 34 days. Mr. Andrew Belknap, the supercargo, furnished us with the following intelligence:
"Madrid March 1, 1801. War was yesterday declared in the council of war against Portugal. Hostilities will shortly commence. The French army is already within the Spanish lines."
Some Portuguese vessels were detained at Malaga. A French fleet of seven sail of the line and two frigates, had been spoken, bound up the Mediterranean. A small English fleet of three sail and one frigate, bound up also, had been spoken.
A decree has been issued by the Spanish commissioner of finance to the president of the Junta des Rentas provincials of Malaga, ordering the recovery of the foreign duty (in addition to the one already paid) on all such articles of Spanish colonial produce, as have been imported there since the commencement of the year 1799, whether with or without certificates of their being such produce, and the importer is responsible.
A letter from Richard O'Brien, Esq. American consul at Algiers, to the consul at Malaga, says "The Tripolitans have demanded a large sum of money of the Swedes, as the price of peace, &c. and it was expected they would demand the same of the United States." He also fears "there will be a rupture very shortly with Tunis, and requests the consuls to give the alarm to the Americans: and thinks that some ships of war would be of great service that way."
A copy of the above letter, for the secretary of state, came in the Samuel.
VERY IMPORTANT CIRCULAR.
To the Agents and Consuls of the United States of America, residing in the different ports of France, Spain, Portugal, Italy, the Barbary States and British garrisons in the Mediterranean, and to all others whom it doth or may concern.
GENTLEMEN, I had the honor to inform you in my Circular of the 12th of November, 1800, that certain unjust demands having been made by the Bashaw of Tripoli, upon the United States of America, which I found it my duty to repel; that said Bashaw had publicly announced in an official manner that he would declare war against the United States of America in six months, to commence from the 22d day of October, 1800, if his demands, which he purposely made in an evasive and indeterminate
manner were not complied with. I further informed you that it would be unsafe for our merchant vessels to trade in the Mediterranean or its vicinity after the 22d day of March, 1801, as these faithless people generally commit depredations before the time or period allowed is expired. I likewise informed you that I did not conclude, in virtue of his promise that our vessels might remain in the Mediterranean until the month of March, but in consequence of this Regency being at war with Sweden and the season of the year.
I have now therefore to observe, that a Treaty of Peace and amity having been concluded between his Majesty of Sweden and this Regency on this day the third of January 1801, it is now no longer safe for the merchant vessels of said United States of America to remain in these seas, or its vicinity, as the Swedes have made the following conditions in consequence of their having 131 of their subjects in bondage, viz.
They have agreed to pay Dolls. 250,000 including all expences for peace and the ransom of the captives and 20,000 dollars annually, in consequence of their being permitted to load here 300 tons of salt the note which M. Otto has presented to the Transport Board. I suppose the same terms will be demanded from the United States of America and that our fellow citizens will be captured office. In order to insure our compliance with the said degrading, humiliating, and dishonorable terms; I find it my duty to request you to take such measures as will that she was boarded in the Channel, by most effectually prevent any of our vessels from trading on this sea, until you are guns. The Lydia having some provisions advised officially by me or either of our on board, had nearly been detained, as the consuls at Algiers or Tunis that this American captain was told orders had been disagreeable affair is terminated, which issued by the Chief Consul to stop and fend from its nature will require much time, into French ports all neutral vessels for as it extends to making the United States England with provisions. tributary to Tripoli and must first be authorized by a particular act of the legislature. I therefore request that the above produced the most opposite effect to what was intended by Buonaparte. Far from embarrassing either the new ministers or their successors the old ones, it has convinced the nation of the perfidy and rancour of the enemy, and of the impossibility of expecting Peace from any thing but the firmness of our councils and the vigour of our arms.
In testimony of the absolute necessity of using the aforesaid precaution before it should be too late, I herewith subscribe my name and affix the seal of my office. Done at the chancery of the U. States of America at Tripoli in Barbary this 3d day of January 1801, and of the Independence of the United States of America the 25th. (Signed) JAMES L. CATHCART. THOMAS APPLETON, Esq. Consul of the U. States at Leghorn.
BOSTON, April 18. Since our last, the Galen, Capt. Hinckley, has arrived from London. The latest paper by her is of the 7th March.
The British King was rapidly recovering his health. Mr. Pitt still continued to direct the helm of State; but it was supposed would retire when the King's health was re-established.—The best English politicians pronounce the affairs of the nation to wear the most melancholy aspect; and peace was not expected. Naval preparations were making with spirit throughout the kingdom; and the price of bread was falling.
It has been ascertained that the squadron which escaped from Brest, has arrived at Toulon; having captured the Success British frigate, of 32 guns: a cutter and a Fire ship.
An article in a London paper of the 6th March, mentions information having been given an American vessel at sea, that the French Government had issued orders for sending into France, all neutral vessels bound to England with provisions.
Extract of a letter from London, March 5. "The price of flour is every day declining. Parliament has guaranteed 70s per barrel for superfine, and 68s for common, to be continued until October next."
BOSTON, April 18. The prize corvette Berceau, captured by the Boston, is undergoing a thorough repair, in order to be delivered into the clean hands of the French, in the most decent order.
SAMUEL BROWN, Esq. has declined accepting the Naval Agency, at this port. It is said Capt. JAMES PRINCE will receive the appointment.
LONDON, March 5. A privy council sat yesterday some hours. supposed to have had under its consideration the propriety of laying an embargo on all Prussian vessels.
We hope that one of the first acts of government will be to stop the payment of all foreign bills drawn on our merchants. If the continent will be ungrateful to this country, by beginning an envious war against our maritime greatness, we ought to retaliate by every means in our power. We think that to the present temporary suspension of many of the functions of government is solely to be attributed that some order of this kind has not already been issued.
March 6. The departure of the citizen Otto is delayed solely on account of the King's indifference; as his majesty's opinion must be taken before any answer can be given to the note which M. Otto has presented to the Transport Board. It is very generally mentioned that the Duke of Portland will not long remain in office.
Letters received yesterday from Plymouth state, that some passengers landed there from the Lydia, an American ship, report, that she was boarded in the Channel, by Bougainville French privateer of 12 guns. The Lydia having some provisions on board, had nearly been detained, as the American captain was told orders had been issued by the Chief Consul to stop and fend from its nature will require much time, into French ports all neutral vessels for as it extends to making the United States England with provisions.
The recall of M. OTTO appears to have produced the most opposite effect to what was intended by Buonaparte. Far from embarrassing either the new ministers or their successors the old ones, it has convinced the nation of the perfidy and rancour of the enemy, and of the impossibility of expecting Peace from any thing but the firmness of our councils and the vigour of our arms.
The French funds continue to fall. Between the 27th ult. and the 2d inst. they fell 5 per cent. On the 2d they were at 55. For this depression no reason is assigned.
CONSTANTINOPLE, January 15. We have received a certain account of the landing of the English in Syria, while the second division, under general Abercrombie, was expected on the coast of Damietta. The event will then be, whether these troops, thus newly disembarked, will be able to resist, at the same time, the rigors of the climate, and the courage of the French, already hardened to the service, and inured to the climate.
BOURDEAUX, February 23. There is said to exist a private treaty between the court of Spain and the French government, by which his Catholic majesty gives up to the French Republic Louisiana and all its dependencies. Such at least is the public report here,
BAYONNE, February 16. We this moment have received from Madrid the important intelligence, that Spain had just declared war against Portugal: it is probable the Portuguese government waited for this formal declaration before it notified to its guests (the English) the necessity of evacuating the Portuguese territory; the latter have already begun to move off, and the greater part of their troops are already arrived at Minorca.
PARIS, March 2. Orders were received at Strasburgh on the 24th ult. to demolish the fortress of Kehl, and the demolition was actually commenced on the 26th. The postscript of The Journal du Commerce, of the 27th of February, states the arrival of Gantheaume's squadron at Toulon, with several prizes, after having been chased by the English fleet.
FRANKFORT, February 18. More than 2,000,000 of subjects must change masters in Germany, in order to indemnify the Grand Duke of Tuscany and other princes. It is supposed, therefore, that some of the Imperial cities must, for this purpose, share the fate of the Ecclesiastical States. Prussia is believed to disapprove of the change proposed in the dominion of Poland.
ITALY, February 20. Mantua has been finally delivered up to the French. Two hundred and sixty pieces of artillery, 669,000 lb. of gunpowder, 1,167 guns and carbines, 2,210,000 charges of ammunition, with great quantities of bombs and bullets, have been acquired with it. The imperial garrison departed on the 17th of February by Verona and Legnago. They were allowed to take with them provisions for ten or twelve days. Generals Miollis and Marmet have now the chief command in the Mantuan territory.
NOTICE.
THE following negroes have been committed to the gaol of Washington County, District of Columbia. Their owners are requested to come and release them, otherwise they will be sold as the law directs, to pay prison expences.
ROBERT—The property of Richard Sanford, of Orange county, Virginia; five feet six inches high, about 24 years of age, has on a white negro cotton jacket and trowsers, considerably worn.
JOHN BUTLER—(Who says he is a free man) about five feet ten inches high, 25 years of age, has on an old blue cloth coat, and drab trowsers.
ANDREW—Five feet four inches high, 33 or 34 years of age, has on an old blue coat and a pair of old negro cotton breeches; says he is the property of Mr. Edward Gant, of Berkeley county, Virginia.
JOHN PETERS—The property of Mrs. Rormell, of Calvert county, Maryland; above five feet six inches high, 53 years old, has on a white negro cotton jacket and trowsers.
DANIEL C. BRENT. Marshal of the district of Columbia. April 27. lawtf
New medicinal Store.
JOHN OTT, Chemist, Druggist and Apothecary, has just received via Philadelphia, a fresh supply of genuine
Drugs and Medicines, PATENT Medicines, and Surgeon's Instruments which he is determined to sell at the most reasonable prices by wholesale or retail, at the shop formerly occupied by Doctor J Reintzel, in George-town.
At the above place may also be had an assortment of Confectionery and Perfumery; likewise a quantity of window glass 10 by 12, and paints of all kinds dry and ground in oil, copal varnish, Irish and American glue, paint brushes, boiled and raw linseed oil, together with many other articles too tedious to enumerate. April 27. 2aw6w
BUILDERS.
WILLIAM LOVERING, of George-Town, and WILLIAM DYER, of the City of Washington, having commenced partnership in the Architectural and Carpenter line of business, which they are determined to carry on with assiduity, integrity and dispatch, hope for the patronage of their friends and the public.
Having a number of the best workmen now employed, are ready to execute any orders which they are determined shall be done in the best workman like manner for those who will please to favor them with their commands.
Orders directed to W. LOVERING, Gay street near the Union Tavern, George Town, or to W. DYER, 1 Street, North of the new War Office, City of Washington, will be punctually attended to.
N. B. WM. LOVERING has been in the practice of drawing for and superintending great part of the Buildings in the City of Washington and its Vicinity. Washington, April 1. tf.
LOTS.
IN different eligible situations in the City for Sale or Lease on ground rent.—Likewise,
100 Casks inspected Rhode Island LIME.
A number of Quarter and half and Casks of MADEIRA WINE, of a superior quality, by JOHN STICKNEY At his building opposite Rhodes Tavern President's Square. Washington, March 2, 1801. eod tf.
Ten Dollars Reward.
RAN away, a negro boy, named DICK, about nineteen years of age, about five feet six or seven inches high, slender built, has a large scar on one cheek of a burn, which reaches up over his eye so as to disfigure the eye a little, of a yellowish complexion, not to be a mulatto; he had on a pair of blue cloth pantaloon, a sailor jacket of blue, a large wool hat about half worn, a good pair of shoes, and took with him a leather apron, he has belonged to Mr. Richardson Stuart of Baltimore, five or six years past, and worked in his shop at making nails, which business he is tolerable well acquainted with. He left me between Alexandria and George-Town. I expect he will endeavour to get to Baltimore to his mother. Any person securing him, so that either Charles Rogers of George-Town, Richardson Stuart, or Archibald Shaw, of Baltimore; or me the subscriber in Wilks county, North-Carolina, shall receive the above reward. ANDREW ERWIN. April 29. tf.

Notice is hereby given,
THAT separate PROPOSALS will be received at the office of the Secretary for the Department of War, until the expiration of the 30th day of June next ensuing, for the supply of all RATIONS, which may be required for the use of the United States, from the first day of October 1801, until the thirtieth day of September 1802, both days inclusive, at the following places, viz.
FIRST. At Pittsburg; at Fort Franklin; at Le Boeuf, at Presquille; at Niagara; at Oswego; at Detroit; at Fort Wayne; at Michilimackinac; at the Falls of St. Mary's; and at the Grand Portage on Lake Superior.
SECOND. At Forts Washington, Vincennes, and Massac; at the Cantonment near the mouth of the Ohio, and at any post or place on the east side of the Mississippi River, between the mouth of the Ohio and Illinois Rivers; and at any place or places where troops are or may be stationed, marched or recruited within the state of Kentucky.
THIRD. At Knoxville, Tellico, South West Point, and any place or places where troops are or may be stationed, marched or recruited within the state of Tennessee; at Bear Creek on the Tennessee River, and at any place in the Chickasaw or Choctaw country between Bear Creek and Natchez; at the Chickasaw Bluffs; at Natchez; at Fort Adams and its dependencies, and thence to the Mobile River.
Separate PROPOSALS will also be received as aforesaid for the supply of all rations which may be required for the use of the United States from the 1st day of January 1802, until the 31st day of December in the same year, both days inclusive, within the several states herein after mentioned, viz.
FOURTH. At Point Peter; at Fort Greene; at Fort Wilkinson; at Fort Pinckney; at Fort Johnston; at Fort Moutrie in Charleston Harbor; at Fort Johnson, Cape Fear, and at any place or places where troops are or may be stationed, marched or recruited within the states of Georgia, South Carolina, and North Carolina.
FIFTH. At Fort Norfolk; at Harper's Ferry; at Fort M'Henry; at the City of Washington, and at any place or places where troops are or may be stationed, marched or recruited within the states of Virginia and Maryland.
SIXTH. At Wilmington; at Fort Mifflin; at the Laboratory near Philadelphia, and at any place or places where troops are or may be stationed, marched or recruited within the states of Delaware and Pennsylvania, excepting Pittsburg, Fort Franklin, Le Boeuf, and Presquille, in the state of Pennsylvania.
SEVENTH. At Trenton; at Fort Jay; at West Point, and at any place or places where troops are or may be stationed, marched or recruited within the states of New Jersey, and New-York, excepting Oswego and Niagara in the state of New-York.
EIGHTH. At Newport; at New-London, and at any place or places where troops are or may be stationed, marched or recruited within the states of Rhode-Island and Connecticut.
NINTH. At Fort Independence, Boston Harbor, at Salem, at Marblehead, at Portland, at Portsmouth, at Bennington, and at any place or places where troops are or may be stationed, marched or recruited, within the state of Massachusetts, New-Hampshire and Vermont.
A ration is to consist of eighteen ounces of bread or flour, or when neither can be obtained, of one quart of rice, or one and a half pound of sifted or boulted Indian meal, one pound and a quarter of fresh beef, or one pound of salted beef, or three quarters of a pound of salted pork; and when fresh meat is issued, salt at the rate of two quarts for every hundred rations; soap at the rate of four pounds, and candles at the rate of a pound and a half, for every hundred rations. The proposals will extend to the supply of rum, whiskey, or other ardent spirits, at the rate of half a gill per ration and vinegar at the rate of two quarts for every hundred rations. The price of the several component parts of the ration, as well as of substitutes and alternatives, must be specified. The rations are to be furnished in such quantities as that there shall at all times, during the term of the proposed contracts, be sufficient for the consumption of the troops at Michilimackinac, Detroit, Niagara, and Oswego, for six months in advance, and at each of the other posts on the Western waters for at least three months in advance, of good and wholesome provisions, if the same shall be required. It is also to be permitted to all and every of the commandants of fortified places, or of posts, to call for at seasons when the same can be transported, or at any time in the case of urgency, such supplies of like provisions in advance, as in the discretion of the commandant shall be deemed proper. It is to be understood that the contractor is to be at the expense and risk of issuing the supplies to the troops, and that all losses sustained by the depreciation of an enemy, or by the means of the troops of the United States, shall be paid for by the United States, at the price of the article captured or destroyed, on the deposition of two or more persons of creditable characters, and the certificate of a commissioned officer, ascertaining the circumstances of the loss, and the amount of the articles for which compensation shall be claimed.
The privilege is to be understood to be reserved to the United States of requiring that none of the supplies which may be furnished under any of the proposed contracts, shall be issued until the supplies which have been, or may be furnished under contracts now in force, have been consumed, and that a supply in advance may be always required at any of the fixed posts on the sea-board or Indian frontiers, not exceeding three months.
HENRY DEARBORN, Secretary of War.
lots no 20 in sq no 585, lot no 15 in sq no 587, lot no 2 in sq no 643, lot no 2 in sq south of sq no 825, lots no 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 in sq no 826, lot no 2 in sq 10 997, lots no 3 and 4 in sq south of 1019, lots no 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 in sq no 1020, lot no 2 in sq no 1021, lot no 1 in sq no 1022, lots no 1 2 3 11 12 13 14 in sq no 1023, lots no 5 and 6 in sq no 1024, lots no 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 and 11 in sq no 1045, lots no 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 in sq no 1046, lots no 1 2 3 4 5 6 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 in sq no 1047, lots no 1 2 3 4 5 6 24 in sq no 1048, lots no 1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 in sq no 164, lot no 9 in sq no 792, lots no 11 12 13 14 15 16 in sq no 799, lots no 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 in sq no 847, lots no 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 in sq no 849, lots no 1 2 3 4 5 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 in sq no 877, lots no 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 in sq no 878, lots no 25 26 27 28 31 32 in sq no 1048, lots no 1 and 3 in sq no 1065, lots no 1 5 6 in sq north east of sq no 1065, lot no 1 in sq no 1066, lots no 1 and 3 in sq no 11, lots no 2 3 7 8 9 10 12 13 in sq no 158, lots no 1 3 4 5 6 7 in sq no 161, lots no 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 in sq no 247, lots no 1 2 3 4 10 11 in sq no 452, lots no 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 in sq no 453, lot no 1 in sq south of sq no 463, lots no 3 4 5 6 in sq no 492, lots no 5 9 and 10 in sq no 493, lots no 4 5 6 in square no 494, lots no 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 28 in square no 517, lots no 2 4 6 8 in sq no 518, lots no 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 in sq no 529, lots no 20 and 21 in sq no 533, lots no 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 in square no 537, lots no 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 in sq no 538, lots no 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 in sq no 565, lots no 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 in sq no 567, lots no 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 in sq no 568, lots no 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 in sq no 569, lots no 2 4 6 in sq no 570, lot no 2 in sq no 572, lots no 2 and 3 in sq no 577, lots no 1 2 3 4 5 6 in sq no 581, lots no 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 in sq no 584, lots no 5 6 7 8 9 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 in sq no 640, lots no 2 3 4 5 15 16 17 18 20 21 22 in sq no 642, lots no 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 in sq east of sq no 642, lots no 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 in sq south of sq no 643, lots no 2 3 4 6 in sq no 644, lots no 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 in sq 645, lots no 1 2 and 17 in sq no 1000, lots no 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 24 25 26 34 35 36 in sq no 1043, lots no 2 3 4 14 15 16 17 18 in sq no 1066, lots no 10 11 13 14 in sq no 1057, lots no 1 2 3 4 11 12 13 in sq no 1078, lots no 1 and 2 in sq south of sq no 1091, lots no 1 2 9 10 11 12 in sq no 1092, lots no 1 2 3 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 in sq no 1105, lots no 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 in sq no 1116, lot no 9 in sq no 1117, lots no 5 6 7 8 in sq no 1123, lots no 5 6 7 8 in sq no 113, lot no 3 in sq no 1140 and lot no 4 in sq no 1149.
The terms of sale are sixty, ninety and one hundred and twenty days for all sums under 1000 dollars, and nine months credit for all sums amounting to one thousand dollars or upwards. It is expected purchases may be made to greater advantage at the ensuing sale than heretofore; because, at former sales a competition took place among persons who held liens on the property sold.
The commissioners have also at their disposal upwards of 4000 lots which have never been sold.
The public sale to commence at Ten o'clock, in the forenoon, and to continue on Tuesdays, Wednesdays and Thursdays in each week, till all are sold. The purchasers will be required to give notes, endorsed to the satisfaction of the commissioners, and negotiable at any of the banks in Baltimore, George Town or Alexandria. Should any purchaser fail, at the expiration of the week in which such sale is made to pass his note with an approved endorser or endorsers, the sale will be declared void, and the lot or lots resold without further notice—and such purchaser shall be excluded as a bidder during the sale.
WM. THORNTON, ALEXR. WHITE. Commissioners.
FOR SALE, A young Negro Girl, About 15 years old—Apply at this office. April 22, 1801.
NOTICE. THE subscriber informs his friends and the public, that the Circuit Court of the district of Columbia, has appointed him a NOTARY PUBLIC, for the county of Washington in said district, and having for a long time past acted he trusts satisfactorily in that capacity in the City of Washington, under the authority of the state of Maryland, he is induced to hope he shall continue to receive a liberal share of the business in that line, which he hereby respectfully solicits.
HENRY WHETCROFT March 26. 1801.
of each particular vessel, and the time when the same was chartered by or on behalf of the British or American merchants named in the said certificates; and that the cargo consists wholly (or at least one moiety thereof) of corn, flour or rice, or other articles of provision, (being British or American property) and is destined for the supply of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland; and that such vessel be bound to the port or ports belonging to the said United States, mentioned in the said certificate to the port or ports of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, also mentioned in the said certificate.
And their lordships are further of opinion that on the arrival of any such Danish or Swedish vessel laden as above described, and furnished with such certificate from your majesty's consuls as aforesaid in any of the ports of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, pursuant to their charter party the cargoes of such Danish or Swedish vessels, should upon production of such certificates be forthwith delivered to the consignees thereof or their order; and that the vessels importing the same, and their crew should be protected from seizure or detention and should be furnished with letters of passport, or safe conduct to the ports of Denmark or Sweden to which the said vessels belong.
And with respect to such Danish or Swedish vessels, as may have been chartered by British or American subjects, to bring provisions to this kingdom, and may have failed from America, previous to the receipt by your majesty's consuls, of your majesty's instructions. Their lordships are further of opinion, that the cargoes of such Danish or Swedish vessels, should on their arrival in any port of the United Kingdom, be forthwith delivered to the consignees thereof, or their order, upon affidavit being made, that the same are British or American property.
And their lordships are lastly of opinion. That the order to be made by your majesty in council hereupon, in case your majesty shall so think fit, together with such instruction in this behalf, as your majesty may deem proper, should be transmitted to all your majesty's consuls, resident within the United States of America, with directions to communicate the purport of the same to the merchants, and others concerned, within the limits of their respective consulates.
His majesty, having taken the said representation into consideration, is pleased with the advice of the privy council, to approve of what is therein proposed, and to order, as it is hereby ordered, That the right honourable lord Grenville, one of his majesty's principal secretaries of state, do receive his majesty's pleasure for giving instructions to his majesty's consuls, resident within the United States of America; conformably to what is proposed by the said representation, with directions to communicate the purport of the same, to the merchants concerned within the limits of their respective consulates.
And his Majesty is hereby further pleased to order, That the Right Honourable the Lords Commissioners of his Majesty's Treasury, the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty, and the Judge of the High Court of Admiralty, do give the necessary directions for carrying his Majesty's pleasure hereby signified into effect, so far as to them may respectively appertain.
W. FAWKENER.
NEW-YORK, April 20.
Capt. Pine, of the Schooner Sincerity, arrived here on Saturday, informs us, that when he left Porto Rico, the Spaniards were in daily expectation of an attack from the English—that they were putting the town in the best possible state of defence—and that the militia were ordered from the interior of the country to defend the town.
CITY OF WASHINGTON.
Commissioners Office, 5th March, 1801. BY virtue of an act of Assembly of the state of Maryland, entitled "a further supplement to the act concerning the Territory of Columbia and City of Washington" the commissioners will expose to sale on Tuesday the 12th day of May next, at Mr. Rhodes's Tavern, in the said city, the following lots, to wit, Lot No. 2 in square No 47, lots no 4 5 15 16 20 and 21 in sq no 184, lots no 3 6 15 16 20 in sq no 198, lots no 3 4 14 15 in sq no 218, lots no 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 in sq no 249, lot no 10 in sq no 286, lots no 3 5 6 7 9 10 12 13 14 in sq no 317, lot no 10 in sq no 319, lots no 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 in sq no 343, lots no 2 3 4 5 6 in sq no 344, lots no 10 11 12 in sq no 345, lots no 1 2 3 4 15 16 17 18 19 20 in sq 374, lots no 1 4 5 8 9 12 in sq no 403, lots no 3 4 5 6 7 in sq no 404, lots no 2 3 4 6 7 9 in sq no 405, lots no 2 3 6 7 10 11 in sq no 427, lots no 2 3 4 5 6 in sq no 428, lots no 1 2 3 4 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 in sq no 454, lots no 5 6 7 17 18 19 in sq no 455, lots no 7 8 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 in sq no 534, lots no 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 in sq no
PHILADELPHIA, April 21.
Extract of a letter from Malaga, to a merchant in this city, dated March 6th.
"Our market continues favourable for the importation of Carracas cocoa, notwithstanding that none can now be admitted as formerly, on paying the Spanish or national duties, when accompanied with certificates, as it would appear our collector allowed it in consequence of not having understood the royal order of April 20, '99; and the full amount of foreign duties is ordered now to be exacted from the importers of all Spanish colonial produce since that period, which proves a most distressing circumstance to many."
PHILADELPHIA, April 22.
We feel great satisfaction in announcing to our readers, that last evening, by great exertions, the frigate Constellation, which sunk a few days since by accident, was righted. She now lies on an even keel, and nothing remains but to pump her out, which will not require much time or trouble—for her hull is laid to be free from injury. It must be doubly consolatory to every friend of his country, to see this fine frigate saved from destruction. This joyous event has dissipated the fears of those who conceived the idea of raising her impracticable; and we join our patriotic fellow citizens in applauding the skill and activity which re-established her, and unite with them in a hearty wish, that a like accident may never again attend any vessel in our navy.
NEW-YORK, April 21.
[COMMERCIALLY IMPORTANT.] OFFICIAL.
His Britannic majesty's consul-general for the eastern states of America, requests the editors of the New-York Gazette, to publish the order of his majesty in privy council herewith inclosed, for the information of the American and British merchants concerned.
20th April, 1801.
At a court of St. James's, the 4th of February 1801—Present, The King's Most Excellent Majesty in Council.
WHEREAS there was this day read at the board a representation from the Lords of his majesty's most honorable privy council, dated this day, in the words following, viz.
May it please your majesty,
The merchants of London trading to the United States of America, having represented that they had chartered several vessels belonging to the subjects of Denmark and Sweden, to proceed to different ports of the said United States, and to bring back to this kingdom cargoes of corn, flour, and rice, on British or American account; and that other Swedish and Danish vessels had proceeded to America, in order to procure similar cargoes on British or American account; and that no insurance can be effected on such vessels, from the apprehension of their being captured by British cruizers; and that it is to be feared that unless some assurance of protection is given, such cargoes will not be brought to this country; and the said merchants have therefore requested, that instructions might be sent to your majesty's consuls residing within the said United States, authorising the said consuls to grant passes or certificates to such Danish and Swedish vessels, as have already been chartered in Europe, by, and on behalf of British or American merchants, to bring provisions to this kingdom from the countries belonging to the said United States, whether the said vessels shall have arrived in the ports of the said United States or not, previous to the receipt of such instructions by your majesty's consuls; and also to such Danish and Swedish vessels as shall have been actually so chartered in America or the West Indies, previous to the receipt of the instructions before mentioned; and the said merchants of London having further represented, that several Danish or Swedish vessels having been also chartered to bring provisions to this kingdom, and being laden therewith may be now at sea, returning from the ports of the said United States to some port of this kingdom; and that it is very desirable that the cargoes of such last mentioned vessels should be forthwith liberated on their arrival:—The Lords of your Majesty's privy council have taken the said representation into mature consideration, and are humbly of opinion that it may be advisable for your majesty to cause instructions to be given to your majesty's consuls resident within the said United, authorising them to grant certificates to such Danish or Swedish vessels as have been already chartered in Europe for the purpose aforesaid, setting forth the name and description

Mr. POULSON,
The inclosed is the other paper on the subject of Peach Trees, which I promised to procure for you. It was written by Thomas Coulter, Esq. of Cumberland valley, in the county of Bedford, in this state. It may be necessary to remark, that the former paper of John Ellis is written solely to shew a method of preserving the tree from the ravages of the worm—whilst the present paper is of a more general tendency.
Yours, &c. J. R. COXE.
To the American Philosophical Society in Philadelphia.
GENTLEMEN,
Having the opportunity of seeing and reading your advertisement in the public papers, which shewed your desire and wishes for the light and knowledge of the culture and management of peach trees, to prevent their premature death—the subscriber has the vanity to hope and expect you will find the light of your wishes for that purpose effectually opened in the following lines, from actual experience for 45 years, both in the Delaware state and upper parts of Pennsylvania.
First, the principal cause of peach trees dying whilst young, is owing to planting, transplanting, and pruning the same stock; which causes the stock to be open and tender, and the bark of the tree very rough: The roughness of the bark gives opportunity to insects of sundry kinds to lodge and breed in it; and birds of sundry kinds search after these insects for their support, and with their sharp bills, wound the stock in many places, from which wound the sap or liquid substance of the tree is drawn out, which congeals into a hard glassy substance, and never fails of killing or rendering the tree useless in a very few years. Now, to prevent all of which, transplant your peach trees, as young as possible, where you mean them to stand; if in the kernal, so much the better—because, in that case, there will be no check of growth, which always injures peach trees. Plant your peach trees 16 feet apart both ways, except you would wish to take your waggons through the orchard to carry the peaches away; in that case, give 24 feet distance to every 5th row, one way, after transplanting. You may plough and harrow amongst your peach trees for two years, paying no regard to wounding or tearing them, so that you do not (by so doing) take them up by the roots. In the month of March or April, in the third year after transplanting, cut them all off by the ground; plough and harrow amongst them as before, taking special care not to wound or tear them in the smallest degree, letting all the sprouts or scions grow that will grow, cut none away, supposing six or more should come from the old stump; the young scions will grow up to bearing trees almost instantaneously, on account of the roots being strong. You will observe one thing in particular; that is, to let no kind of beasts into your peach orchards, hogs excepted, for fear of wounding the trees; as I observed before, the least wound will greatly injure the tree, by draining away that substance which is the life thereof; although the tree may live many years, the produce is not so great, neither is the fruit so good. After the old stock is cut away, the third year after transplanting, the sprouts or scions will grow up, all round the old stump, from 4 to 6 in number—No more will come to maturity than the old stump can support and nourish; the remainder will die before ever they bear fruit. These may be cut away, taking care not to wound any part of any stock, or the bark thereof. The sprouts growing all round the old stump, when loaded with fruit, will bend and rest on the ground in every direction, without injuring any of them, for many years, all of them being rooted in the ground, as though they had been planted. The stocks will remain tough, and the bark smooth for 20 years and upwards; if any of the sprouts or trees from the old stump should happen to split off, or die, cut them away as before observed; they will be supplied from the ground by young trees, so that you will have trees from the same stump for 100 years, as I believe. I now have trees 36, 20, 10, 5 and down to one year old, all from the same stump.
The young trees coming up, after any of the old trees split off or die, and are cut away, will bear fruit the second year; but this fruit will not ripen so easily as the fruit on the old trees from the same stem. Three years after the trees are cut off by the ground, they will be sufficiently large and bushy to shade
the ground so as to prevent grass of any kind from matting or binding the surface in the least degree, so as to injure the trees; therefore ploughing is useless, as well as injurious; useless, because nothing can be raised in the orchard, by reason the trees will shade all the ground, or nearly so; injurious, because either the roots, stock or branches will be wounded; all or any of which will be hurtful to the trees: Neither is it necessary ever to manure peach trees, as manured trees will always produce less and worse fruit, than trees that are not manured; altho' by manuring your peach trees, they will grow larger, and look greener and thicker in the boughs, and cause a thicker shade, yet on them will grow very little fruit, and that little will be of a very bad kind—generally looking as green as the leaves, even when ripe, and later always than those that never have been manured.
Peach trees never require a rich soil; the poorer the soil the better the fruit, a middling soil produces a more bountiful crop.
The highest ground is the best for peach trees, and the north side of hills the most adviseable; it keeps back vegetation, by which means the fruit is often preserved from being killed by late frosts in the month of April, in the Pennsylvania latitude.—These observations from actual experience I have made: Whether they meet the approbation of the society or not, I wish that honorable body to publish the foregoing piece for the information of the inhabitants of Pennsylvania and the adjacent states, as it must and will be of general utility to them.
A few days ago a gentleman from Moshannogahela county, in Virginia, called at my house to feed his horse; in leading his horse from the barn, he observed my peach orchard, and asked me, who instructed me to plant and cultivate peach trees. I told him that observation and experience were my teacher and instructor. The gentleman observed that Col. Luther Martin, in the lower parts of Maryland, and another gentleman near the same places, whose name he could not recollect, were pursuing the same plan advantageously.
The printers who gave the former piece a place in their papers, are requested to insert this also.
[From the Boston Chronicle.]
REMARKS ON THE REVENUE.
The prosperity of a country, and the prosperity of an individual must be calculated on the same principles; the same standard which determines the accuracy of one, equally decides the validity of the other. Mankind are too apt to confound their ideas in judging on particular subjects; more especially when speaking of government, they soar into the regions of mystery, and inconsiderately adopt the false doctrines of designing politicians, that it is a science too intricate and perplexed for common apprehension—the more abstruse and unintelligible the administration, the more "stupendous the system" of wisdom which guides and directs those who govern.
But this is false reasoning; upon this ground, the absurd doctrine, that "a public debt is a public blessing," is founded. It is impossible, that such a gross sentiment should be inculcated, if the People would exercise the same common sense on this question, as they do in the general concerns of life. A public debt must, in its consequences, create public taxes; taxes must be collected from the people, and those who pay them must inevitably feel their ultimate tendency and pernicious effects.
What can be the difference between a nation and an individual? Do not the same conclusions follow in one case as in the other? If a private citizen is distressed by his debts, if he is exposed to many difficulties from the multiplicity of demands upon him, why should we suppose that a nation may not equally experience the operation of such embarrassments?
This appears plain reasoning; but unfortunately for nations, an opposite doctrine is inculcated, and even in America, an attempt has been made to instill this absurdity, as the test of political orthodoxy. It has been so far considered as the pivot of Federalism, that the man who presumed to speak of the public debt, or recommended economy, has been stigmatized a Jacobin, and exposed to every reflection, which could injure his political reputation. In short, extravagance in public expenditures appears to have been systematically contemplated as the mark of national happiness and prosperity; and though this chimerical mode has been secretly adopted by individuals, yet the project was too absurd to be openly divulged;
or while the plan was intended to increase the public debt, the citizens have been flattered that it was annually decreasing. But that the public debt has increased, cannot be controverted; for if this had not been the fact, how is it possible that the augmentation of taxes should so rapidly have taken place? It either proves that we have expended our resources needlessly, or that the debt had kept pace with the call for taxes. The reasoning to be drawn from the increase of taxes is, that the demands on the government are equal to the demands on the people and this being granted, it follows that the original debt was within the revenue arising from impost, but that the augmentation requires an excise, land-tax, stamp-duties, and an eight per cent. loan, to cancel the arrearages.
We may talk about the decrease of public debt as long as we please; finessing legerdemain may perplex the statements from the Treasury department; Mr. Harper may write to his constituents, that our pecuniary affairs are in a prosperous situation; but when the people find, that all the resources of the country are brought into operation, and that our public credit demanded eight per cent. to support it, they cannot be so lost to the estimation of pounds, shillings and pence, as to deceive themselves by fictitious calculations. The money raised from various sources ought to have diminished the debt by this time, and it is but a poor consolation to be told by a few speculators, that we are not more in arrears, than when we only paid the trifling duties of impost.
It would be highly satisfactory to the people of the United States, to have laid before them, the whole revenue arising from the respective taxes and loans, from the first year after the Revenue system was established, to the 3d of March, 1801. Should this be done, I believe the people would be astonished at the magnitude of the amount. From this statement, the citizens would be able to judge, what have been their exertions in support of the government, and from this document they could ascertain, how far the revenue might have been applied to discharge the public debt. This statement would at once open the eyes of the people; and when they looked at the amount, the object would strike them with wonder and surprise. But the misfortune is, the Treasury accounts have hitherto been involved in mystery; there has been such a perplexity attending these communications, that but few men knew, after they had perused them, the real state of the business. In short, it has been so intricate, that in one circle, we should hear them boasting of the decrease of our national debt, and in another explore its augmentation.
But if the whole revenue was explicitly declared, and the expenditures were as clearly stated, the people at large could as accurately judge, what they had paid and what had become of the money, as the ablest financier and the most plodding negotiator on the continent. This would bring our financial projects to a clear defined point, and the resources of the country would give an evidence to the world, of the immense abilities of the United States in the support of government.
Mr. Jefferson being introduced to the chair of government, by the Republican citizens of the United States, in vindication of his administration, it is hoped, that such a statement will be made. The people will then see, what has hitherto been done, and if the taxes continue, that it is in consequence of previous engagements. If a debt is contracted by a former administration, it is not Mr. Jefferson's fault; but the fulfilment of former contracts, is indispensable on his part. Those, then, who sincerely observe, that the Republicans expect no taxes under Mr. Jefferson's administration, are to remember, that the debt was contracted in the days of his predecessor.
The citizens of America are peculiarly fond of knowing how their money goes; they are ready to pay their taxes, but at the same time are anxious to pry into the appropriation of them. Like honest men, they are desirous to answer all necessary and legal demands, but it is a New-England fashion to examine accounts with a critical acuteness. Millions of dollars are large sums, and when it comes from the pockets of the people, they feel a satisfaction in knowing their direction. If it is fairly expended, they are not disposed to murmur, but if it has gone under the idea that "a public debt is a public blessing," it is apt to make them jealous of the propriety of the principle. They love their country, and they love their money; they are not fond of pageantry, and are not willing to pay taxes to support a few nabobs in foreign courts, just to gratify the pride of men who vainly imagine that the people honor
themselves by paying for their extravagances.
The economy recommended by president Jefferson, is the key-stone of republican administration; this is the consummation devoutly to be wished by the Republican citizens of the United States. If this principle had been strictly adhered to, I am persuaded that revenue already raised would have nearly extinguished the public debt. But the poison which has been infused into our government, has given a baneful tendency to corrupt the vital organs of the administration; it has raised a comparative few to eminence and thrown a heavy debt on the bulk of the citizens. A false, deceptive appearance of prosperity has bewildered the public mind; but when peace takes place, and the immense demands from the Banks, Custom-houses, &c. are cancelled, these films which now obscure the light will drop from our eyes, and we shall not only see, but feel the effects of our political credulity and folly.
OLD SOUTH.
LOTS FOR SALE,
In the City of WASHINGTON.
THE SUBSCRIBER offers for Sale a number of valuable Lots beautifully situated between the Capitol and the Eastern Branch. Also a few Lots to be let on lease for ninety-nine years in the vicinity of the Navy yard.
WILLIAM PROUT.
City of Washington. December 12, 1800. N. B. A few Tons of good Meadow Hay, one Ktn of Bricks, and some Cord Wood. W. P.
FOR SALE.
THE SUBSCRIBER offers for Sale, four hundred ACRES of Valuable Land upon the Eastern Branch, opposite the City of Washington. It is bounded by the Water, from opposite the Navy Yard, nearly up to Dyer's Ferry; and extends back across that range of hills, South east of the City where are several, as elegant situations, for Buildings, as any in its vicinity. Two hundred and fifty Acres at least are covered with wood and timber; which independent of every expence, will in the judgment of judicious persons, yield to a purchaser, fifty per cent more than the proprietor will ask for the land. The soil upon the water, is a rich sandy loam of course excellent for early vegetables of every kind, clover &c. As all doubt respecting the continuance of the Government at Washington, must surely now be removed from the mind of the most incredulous, the subscriber is induced to offer this property for sale, in the expectation, that it must attract the attention of those who have money, and who wish to vest it in such a manner, as will produce an handsome interest for the present without risk, and the chance of a great rise in value, as the City increases in Population and wealth. A fourth, a third, a half, or the whole may be purchased upon easy terms by applying to
AN HONY ADDISON,
At BARNABY, three miles from Dyer's Ferry. Washington, April 6, 1801. im.
Conrad & M c Munn
HAVE opened houses of entertainment in the range of buildings formerly occupied by Mr. Law, about two hundred paces from the Capitol, in New Jersey avenue, leading from thence to the Eastern Branch. They are spacious and convenient, one of which is designed for stage passengers and travellers, the other for the accommodation of boarders. There is stable sufficient for 60 horses—They hope to merit public patronage. City of Washington, Nov. 24, 1800. tf
A PREMIUM of 100 dollars will be given to any Person who will exhibit the best Plan of Barracks, for the Marines, sufficient to hold 500 men, with their officers, and of a House for the commandant. The Plan must be so drawn as to be capable of being hereafter enlarged, and must be so arranged as to suit the dimensions of the Lot, which has an East and West front of 615 feet, and a North and South front of 250. The plans must be all lodged at the Navy Office before 1st May. April 3, 1801.
Public Sale of LOTS,
IN WASHINGTON CITY.
WILL be sold at Public Auction, to the highest bidder, on Friday the 1st day of May next, at William Tunnicliff's Hotel. Two Hundred Lots, situated Eastward of the Capitol and near to the Eastern Branch Ferry—the terms will be one half Cash and the other half at 60 days on Notes negotiable at the Bank of Columbia satisfactorily endorsed. An indisputable title will be given by, GEORGE WALKER. Washington, March 2, 1801. tMay
Nail Manufactory,
ALL kinds of Cut Nails for Sale by Wholesale and Retail at the Factory on F Street, and at the Hardware Store of the Subscriber, where persons building and all others wishing to purchase may be supplied with any quantity at the most reasonable rates. JOHN JACK. Washington Feb. 4, 1801.