The New-York journal, and daily patriotic register (New-York [N.Y.]), 1787-12-13 00:00:00

The New-York Journal, and Weekly Register.
NUMB. 68, of VOL. XLI.]
THURSDAY, December 13, 1787.
[Total NUMB. 2163.]
HERE TRUTH UNLICENSED REIGNS; AND DARES ACCOST—E'EN KINGS THEMSELVES, OR RULERS OF THE FREE! Thompson's Liberty.
NEW-YORK: Printed and Published by THOMAS GREENLEAF, at the PRINTING-OFFICE, No. 25, WATER-STREET.
At a Court of Probates of the State of New-York, held at the Probate-Office, in the City of New-York, on the fifth Day of December, in the Year of our Lord one Thousand seven Hundred and Eighty-seven.
P R E S E N T, The Honorable PETER OGILVIE, Esquire, Judge of the said Court.
W HEREAS Daniel Ter Bofs, and John Lyffer, administrators of Christian Genshimer, with his will annexed, late of Rombout precinct, Dutchess county and state of New-York, yeoman, deceased, have by their petition presented to the said judge, set forth, that the said Christian Genshimer was, at the time of his death, seized of a real estate within this state; that the petitioners have made a just and true account of the personal estate and debts of the said Christian Genshimer, as far as they had been able to discover the same; and that thereby it appeared, that the personal estate of the said Christian Genshimer was insufficient to pay his debts, and therefore requested the aid of the said judge in the premises, according to the directions of the act, entitled, "An act for the relief of creditors against heirs, devisees, executors, and administrators, and for proving wills respecting real estates;" and the said petitioners have delivered to the said judge the account in the said petition mentioned; thereupon it is ordered by the said judge, that all persons interested in the estate of the said Christian Genshimer, do appear before the judge of the said court of Probates, at the Probate-Office, in the city of New-York, on the twenty-eighth day of January next, to show cause, if any they have, why so much of the real estate whereof the said Christian Genshimer died seized should not be sold, as will be sufficient to pay his debts.
57 th. 4w. PETER OGILVIE. At a Court of Probates of the State of New-York, held at the Probate-Office, in the City of New-York, on the twenty-eighth Day of November, in the Year of our Lord one Thousand seven Hundred and Eighty-seven.
P R E S E N T, The Honorable PETER OGILVIE, Esquire, Judge of the said Court.
W HEREAS Stephen Haight, administrator of JOHN SHERWOOD, late of Coxsackey, in the county of Albany, yeoman, deceased, hath by his petition presented to the said judge, set forth, that the said John Sherwood, was, at the time of his death, seized of a real estate within this state, that the petitioner had made a just and true account of the personal estate and debts of the said John Sherwood, as far as he had been able to discover the same, and that thereby it appeared that the personal estate of his said intestate was insufficient to pay his debts, and therefore requested the aid of the said judge in the premises, according to the directions of the act, entitled, "An act for the relief of creditors against heirs, devisees, executors, and administrators, and for proving wills respecting real estates;" and the said petitioner hath delivered to the said judge the account in the said petition mentioned; thereupon it is ordered by the said judge, that all persons interested in the estate of the said John Sherwood, do appear before the judge of the said court of Probates, at the Probate-Office, in the city of New-York, on the nineteenth day of January next, to show cause, if any they have, why so much of the real estate whereof the said John Sherwood died seized, should not be sold, as will be sufficient to pay his debts.
51 th. 4w. PETER OGILVIE.
P UBLIC NOTICE is hereby given, that by virtue of a writ to me directed, issued out of the court of chancery for this state, I shall expose to sale, at Public Vendue, on the fourteenth day of December next, at the merchants Coffee-house in the city of New-York, between the hours of twelve and two of the same day, two DWELLING HOUSES and a LOT OF GROUND, situate in the dock-ward of the said city, on the north side of Duke-street, bounded on the south by the said street, on the west by a house and lot, now or formerly belonging to Thomas Randall, on the east by a house and lot, now or formerly belonging to James M'Cartney, and on the north by a street called Slyck-street; containing in breadth, on the south end, twenty-two feet eight inches, and on the north end sixteen feet, all wood measure.—Given under my hand, this twenty-ninth day of October, in the year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and eighty-seven. 30 e.d. 5w M. WILLETT, Sheriff.
N OTICE is hereby given to all persons indebted to PETER BERRIAN, of the city of New-York, an insolvent debtor, that unless they make immediate payment to the subscriber, assignee of the estate of the aforesaid Peter Berrian, their accounts will be put into the hands of an attorney; and all persons having claims against the said Peter Berrian, previous to his discharge, under the act of insolvency, are required immediately to present their accounts, properly attested, to PETER BERRIAN, or to JOHN LOVETT, Assignee. New-York, October 16, 1787. 37—t. th. 3m
A ll persons are hereby forbid to trust any one on my account, without my special order, as I will not pay any debts, otherwise contracted. GEORGE CROOKSHANK. Nov. 13, 1787. 45 th. 3w.
For SALE, at this OFFICE, OBSERVATIONS, leading to a fair Examination of the Government proposed by the late CONVENTION, and to several essential and necessary Alterations.
P UBLIC NOTICE is hereby given, according to an act of the Governor, Council, and General Assembly of the late colony of New-York, passed the 19th day of March, 1774, entitled, "An act for the more effectual registering of mortgages, and securing the purchasers of mortgaged estates;" that on the sixth day of June next ensuing, at ten o'clock in the forenoon, will be sold at the house of DAVID DAN, in Bedford, Westchester county, and state of New-York, to the highest bidder; all that certain Farm, Tract, pieces, or parcel of Land, lying and being in Bedford, and bounded as follows, to wit, beginning at the house of Benjamin Hayes, where he now lives, running westerly as it winds round Hayes's land, and northerly to the high way, thence westerly along the high way until it comes to Lewis M'Donald's land, thence southerly until it comes to David Dan's land, thence easterly and northerly along said Dan's land until it comes to the high way or Town's land by the burying ground, thence by the high way westerly until it comes to Benjamin Hayes's land, thence by Hayes's land as it winds to the place of beginning; also one other piece of Land, lying on the north side of the high way, beginning at the Court-house, thence westerly by the high way until it comes to Lewis M'Donald's land, thence northerly and westerly as it winds to Abraham Canfield's land, thence northerly and westerly by Abraham Canfield's land as it winds to the high way, thence northerly by the high way to Abraham Canfield's land, thence east by said land, until it comes to the land of the late Stephen Holmes, deceased, thence southerly and westerly until it comes to the parsonage lands, thence near the same course until it comes to James M'Donald's land, thence westerly and southerly winding round M'Donald's land to the place of beginning; containing in the whole eighty acres, more or less, with the appurtenances which said premises were by indenture bearing date the 10th day of May, one thousand seven hundred and eighty-six; mortgaged by Jonathan Platt, of Bedford, Westchester county and state of New-York, to Daniel Bowne, of New-York, for securing the payment of eight hundred pounds with lawful interest for the same.
The conditions will be made known on the day of sale, by the subscriber, 45 th. 6m. DANIEL BOWNE.
At a Court of Probates of the State of New-York, held at the Probate-Office in the City of New-York, on the twentieth Day of November, in the Year of our Lord one Thousand seven Hundred and Eighty-seven.
P R E S E N T, The Honorable PETER OGILVIE, Esquire, Judge of the said Court.
W HEREAS Jane Crage, executrix of John Crage, late of the precinct of Memecating, in the county of Ulster, yeoman, deceased, hath by her petition, presented to the said judge, set forth, that the said John Crage was at the time of his death, seized of a real estate within this state, that the petitioner had made a just and true account of the personal estate and debts of the said John Crage, as far as she had been able to discover the same; and that thereby it appeared, that the personal estate of her said testator was insufficient to pay his debts, and therefore requested the aid of the said judge in the premises, according to the directions of the act, entitled, "An act for the relief of creditors against heirs, devisees, executors, and administrators, and for proving wills respecting real estates;" and the said petitioner hath delivered to the said judge the account in the said petition mentioned; thereupon it is ordered by the said judge, that all persons interested in the estate of the said John Crage, do appear before the judge of the said court of Probates, at the Probate-Office, in the city of New-York, on the tenth day of January next, to show cause, if any they have, why so much of the real estate whereof the said John Crage died seized, should not be sold, as will be sufficient to pay his debts.
45—th. 4w. PETER OGILVIE.
At a Court of Probates of the State of New-York, held at the Probate-Office, in the City of New-York, on the twentieth Day of November, in the Year of our Lord one Thousand seven Hundred and Eighty-seven.
P R E S E N T, The Honorable PETER OGILVIE, Esquire, Judge of the said Court.
W HEREAS Lydia Gault, administratrix of Matthew Gault, late of Rumbout precinct, in Dutchess county, deceased, hath by her petition, presented to the said judge, set forth, that the said Matthew Gault was at the time of his death seized of a real estate within this state, that the petitioner had made a just and true account of the personal estate and debts of the said Matthew Gault, as far as she had been able to discover the same; and that thereby it appeared that the personal estate of her said intestate was insufficient to pay his debts, and therefore requested the aid of the said judge in the premises, according to the directions of the act, entitled, "An act for the relief of creditors against heirs, devisees, executors, and administrators, and for proving wills respecting real estates;" and the said petitioner hath delivered to the said judge the account in the said petition mentioned; thereupon it is ordered by the said judge, that all persons interested in the estate of the said Matthew Gault, do appear before the judge of the said court of Probates, at the Probate-Office, in the city of New-York, on the tenth day of January next, to show cause, if any they have, why so much of the real estate whereof the said Matthew Gault died seized should not be sold, as will be sufficient to pay his debts.
45—th. 4w. PETER OGILVIE.
At a Court of Chancery, held at the Chancellor's Chambers, in the City of New-York, the tenth Day of October, in the Year of our Lord one Thousand seven Hundred and Eighty-seven.
P R E S E N T, The Hon. ROBERT R. LIVINGSTON, Esq. Chancellor.
IN CHANCERY. Dirck Lefferts, Complainant, vs. Abel Jennings, George Wakeman, Daniel Campbell, and others, Defendants.
F ORASMUCH as it appears to this court, that a bill has been filed therein by Dirck Lefferts, plaintiff, mortgagee, against Abel Jennings, George Wakeman, Daniel Campbell, and others, to obtain a decree for the sale of certain premises therein mentioned to have been mortgaged by the defendants, Abel Jennings and George Wakeman, to the said Dirck Lefferts, whereupon process of subpoena to appear, and answer, hath been duly issued and returned; and that the said Abel Jennings and George Wakeman, have not entered their appearance in this suit, as according to the rules of this court the same ought to have been entered, in case the said process had been duly served; and an affidavit having been made to the satisfaction of this court, that the said defendants, Abel Jennings and George Wakeman, have withdrawn themselves out of this state, and cannot upon due enquiry be found within the same, so as to be served with the said process, which issued on the filing of the bill of complaint in this cause; wherefore it is ordered, on motion of Mr. Ogilvie, of counsel for the complainant, that the said Abel Jennings and George Wakeman, appear to the said bill on the eleventh day of April next, and in default thereof, that the complainants said bill be taken pro confesso, so far as it concerns them the said Abel Jennings and George Wakeman, to the end, that a decree may be made for a sale of the said premises, or such part thereof as to this court shall appear just and right; and it is further ordered, that a copy of this order, within twenty days from the date hereof, be inserted in, at least, two of the public newspapers printed in the state of New-York, for the space of eight weeks successively.
37 th. 19w Extract from the Minutes, W. COCK, Register.
At a Court of Chancery, held at the Chancellor's Chambers, in the City of New-York, the tenth Day of October, in the Year of our Lord one Thousand seven Hundred and Eighty-seven.
P R E S E N T, The Hon. ROBERT R. LIVINGSTON, Esq. Chancellor.
IN CHANCERY. Dirck Lefferts, and Gerard G. Beckman, Complainants, vs. James Asle, Defendant.
F ORASMUCH as it appears to this court, that a bill has been filed therein, by Dirck Lefferts and Gerard G. Beckman, mortgagees, against James Asle, mortgagor, to obtain a decree for the sale of certain premises therein mentioned, to have been mortgaged by the said defendant, James Asle, to the said Dirck Lefferts, and Gerard G. Beckman; whereupon process of subpoena to appear, and answer hath been duly issued and returned; and that the said James Asle, hath not entered his appearance in this suit, as according to the rules of this court the same ought to have been entered, in case the said process had been duly served; and an affidavit having been made to the satisfaction of this court, that the said defendant, James Asle, hath withdrawn out of this state, and cannot upon due enquiry be found within the same, so as to be served with the said process which issued on the filing of the bill of complaint in this cause; wherefore it is ordered, on motion of Mr. Ogilvie, of counsel for the complainants, that the said James Asle appear to the said bill on the eleventh day of April next, and in default thereof, that the complainants said bill be taken pro confesso, so far as it concerns him the said James Asle, to the end, that a decree may be made for a sale of the said premises, or such part thereof as to this court shall appear just and right; and it is further ordered, that a copy of this order, within twenty days from the date hereof, be inserted in, at least, two of the public newspapers printed in this state, for the space of eight weeks successively.
37 th. 19w Extract from the Minutes, W. COCK, Register.
TO BE SOLD, And Possession given the First of April next, a very Valuable, well improved, and agreeably situated
F A R M,
Nine Miles East of Fishkill Landing, BOUNDED by the farm late of Col. John Brinckerhoff, deceased, and two streams of water, the Fishkill and Sprout-Creeks, in an agreeable and healthy neighbourhood, and a fertile pleasant country. There is on the premises a good dwelling house, barn stables, grainery, &c. A good bearing orchard, and other fruit trees. The farm contains three hundred and fifty-three acres, a great proportion of which is meadow land; it produces, at present, eighty tons of hay yearly, and there remains yet as much more which may be cleared into meadow. The woodland is conveniently situated, and much of it may be converted into timber. Part of the purchase money to be paid on possession being given, and the remainder in easy payments. For terms and further particulars enquire of Sebring and Van Wyck, corner of the Albany-Pier, New-York, or of the subscriber at Fishkill. THEODORUS VAN WYCK.
New-York, Oct. 25, 1787. 38—t. th. 2m.
At a Court of Chancery, held at the Chancellor's Chambers, in the City of New-York, the tenth Day of October, in the Year of our Lord one Thousand seven Hundred and Eighty-seven.
P R E S E N T, The Hon. ROBERT R. LIVINGSTON, Esq. Chancellor.
IN CHANCERY. Dirck Lefferts, Complainant, vs. Stephen Tuttle, and Philip Van Rensselaer, Defendants.
F ORASMUCH as it appears to this court, that a bill has been filed therein by Dirck Lefferts, mortgagee, against Stephen Tuttle, and Philip Van Rensselaer, to obtain a decree for the sale of certain premises therein mentioned to have been mortgaged by the said defendant, Stephen Tuttle, to the said Dirck Lefferts; whereupon process of subpoena to appear, and answer, hath been duly issued and returned, and that the said Stephen Tuttle hath not entered his appearance in this suit, as according to the rules of this court the same ought to have been entered, in case the said process had been duly served on him the said Stephen Tuttle; and an affidavit having been made to the satisfaction of this court, that the said defendant, Stephen Tuttle, has withdrawn himself out of this state, and cannot upon due enquiry be found within the same, so as to be served with the said process, which issued on the filing of the said bill of complaint in this cause; wherefore it is ordered, on motion of Mr. Ogilvie, of counsel for the complainant, that the said Stephen Tuttle appear to the said bill on the eleventh day of April next, and in default thereof, that the complainant's said bill be taken pro confesso, so far as it concerns him the said Stephen Tuttle, to the end, that a decree may be made for a sale of the said premises, or such part thereof as to this court shall appear just and right; and it is further ordered, that a copy of this order, within twenty days from the date hereof, be inserted in, at least, two of the public newspapers printed in this state, for the space of eight weeks successively.
37 th. 19w Extract from the Minutes, W. COCK, Register.
At a Court of Chancery, held at the Chancellor's Chambers, in the City of New-York, the tenth Day of October, in the Year of our Lord one Thousand seven Hundred and Eighty-seven.
P R E S E N T, The Hon. ROBERT R. LIVINGSTON, Esq. Chancellor.
IN CHANCERY. Dirck Lefferts, and Gerard G. Beckman, Complainants, vs. Andrew Liddle, and Jonathan Filer, Defendants.
F ORASMUCH as it appears to this court, that a bill has been filed therein by Dirck Lefferts, and Gerard G. Beckman, complainants, mortgagees, against the defendants, Andrew Liddle, and Jonathan Filer, to obtain a decree for the sale of certain premises therein mentioned to have been mortgaged by the said Andrew Liddle, to the said Dirck Lefferts and Gerard G. Beckman, whereupon process of subpoena to appear, and answer, hath been duly issued and returned, and that the said defendant, Andrew Liddle, hath not entered his appearance in this suit, as according to the rules of this court the same ought to have been entered, in case the said process had been duly served on him, the said Andrew Liddle; and an affidavit having been made to the satisfaction of this court, that the said defendant, Andrew Liddle, hath withdrawn himself out of this state, and cannot upon due enquiry be found within the same, so as to be served with the said process, which issued on the filing of the bill of complaint in this cause; wherefore it is ordered, on motion of Mr. Ogilvie, of counsel for the complainants, that the said Andrew Liddle appear to the said bill on the eleventh day of April next, and in default thereof, that the complainant's said bill be taken pro confesso, so far as it concerns him the said Andrew Liddle, to the end, that a decree may be made for the sale of the said premises, or such part thereof as to this court shall appear just and right; and it is further ordered, that a copy of this order, within twenty days from the date hereof, be inserted in, at least, two of the public newspapers printed in this state, for the term of eight weeks successively.
37 th. 19w Extract from the Minutes, W. COCK, Register.
By Order of the Honorable RICHARD MORRIS, Esq. Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Judicature of the State of New-York:
N OTICE is hereby given to Moses Franks, and to all others whom it may concern, that on application and due proof made to the said Chief Justice, pursuant to an act of the legislature of the state of New-York, entitled, "An act for relief against absconding and absent debtors," passed the fourth day of April, 1786, he hath issued his warrants to the sheriff of the city and county of New-York, and the sheriff of the county of Suffolk, commanding them to attach, take, seize, and safely keep all the estate, as well real as personal of the said Moses Franks, an absent debtor, of what kind or nature soever, and every or any part or parcel thereof in whatever part of their bailiwicks the same can be found, with all evidences, books of accounts, vouchers, and papers relating thereto. And that unless he the said Moses Franks shall appear by himself, or attorney, and discharge his debts within twelve months after the publication of this notice, all his estate, real and personal, will be sold for the payment and satisfaction of his creditors. Dated at the city of New-York, this twenty-sixth day of February, in the year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and eighty-seven. 41 m. th. 19w

MISCELLANY.
For the NEW-YORK JOURNAL, &c. C A T O, No. VI.
To the PEOPLE of the State of New-York.
THE next objection that arises against this proposed constitution is, that the apportionment of representatives and direct taxes are unjust. The words as expressed in this article are, "representatives and direct taxes shall be apportioned among the several states, which may be included in this union, according to their respective numbers, which shall be determined by adding to the whole number of free persons, including those bound to service for a term of years, and excluding Indians not taxed, three fifths of all other persons."
The doctrine of taxation is a very important one, and nothing requires more wisdom and prudence than the regulation of that portion, which is taken from, and of that which is left to, the subject—and if you anticipate, what will be the enormous expence of this new government added also to your own, little will that portion be which will be left to you. I know there are politicians who believe, that you should be loaded with taxes, in order to make you industrious, and, perhaps, there were some of this opinion in the convention, but it is an erroneous principle—For, what can inspire you with industry, if the greatest measures of your labours are to be swallowed up in taxes? The advocates for this new system hold out an idea, that you will have but little to pay, for, that the revenues will be so managed as to be almost wholly drawn from the source of trade or duties on imports, but this is delusive—for this government to discharge all its incidental expences, besides paying the interests on the home and foreign debts, will require more money than its commerce can afford; and if you reflect one moment, you will find, that if heavy duties are laid on merchandise, as must be the case, if government intend to make this the prime medium to lighten the people of taxes, that the price of the commodities, useful as well as luxurious, must be increased; the consumers will be fewer; the merchants must import less; trade will languish, and this source of revenue in a great measure be dried up; but if you examine this a little further, you will find, that this revenue, managed in this way, will come out of you and be a very heavy and ruinous one, at least—The merchant no more than advances the money for you to the public, and will not, nor cannot pay any part of it himself, and if he pays more duties, he will sell his commodities at a price proportionally raised—thus the laborer, mechanic, and farmer, must feel it in the purchase of their utensils and clothing—wages, &c. must rise with the price of things, or they must be ruined, and that must be the case with the farmer, whose produce will not increase, in the ratio, with labour, utensils, and clothing; for that he must sell at the usual price or lower, perhaps, caused by the decrease of trade; the consequence will be, that he must mortgage his farm, and then comes inevitable bankruptcy.
In what manner then will you be eased, if the expences of government are to be raised solely out of the commerce of this country; do you not readily apprehend the fallacy of this argument. But government will find, that to press so heavily on commerce will not do, and therefore must have recourse to other objects; these will be a capitation or poll-tax, window lights, &c. &c. and a long train of impositions which their ingenuity will suggest; but will you submit to be numbered like the slaves of an arbitrary despot; and what will be your reflections when the tax-master thunders at your door for the duty on that light which is the bounty of heaven. It will be the policy of the great landholders who will chiefly compose this senate, and perhaps a majority of this house of representatives, to keep their lands free from taxes; and this is confirmed by the failure of every attempt to lay a land-tax in this state; hence recourse must and will be had to the sources I mentioned before. The burdens on you will be insupportable—your complaints will be inefficacious—this will beget public disturbances, and I will venture to predict, without the spirit of prophecy, that you and the government, if it is adopted, will one day be at issue on this point. The force of government will be exerted, this will call for an increase of revenue, and will add fuel to the fire. The result will be, that either you will revolve to some other form, or that government will give peace to the country, by destroying the opposition. If government therefore can, notwithstanding every opposition, raise a revenue on such things as are odious and burdensome to you, they can do any thing.
But why should the number of individuals be the principle to apportion the taxes in each state, and to include in that number, women, children and slaves. The most natural and equitable principle of apportioning taxes, would be in a ratio to their property, and a reasonable impost in a ratio to their trade; but you are told to look for the reason of these things in accommodation; but this much admired principle, when stripped of its misery, will in this case appear to be no less a basis for an odious poll-tax—the offspring of despotic governments, a thing so detestable, that the state of
Maryland, in their bill of rights, declares, "that the levying taxes by the poll, is grievous and oppressive, and ought to be abolished."—A poll-tax is at all times oppressive to the poor, and their greatest misfortune will consist in having more prolific wives than the rich.
In every civilized community, even in those of the most democratic kind, there are principles which lead to an aristocracy—these are superior talents, fortunes, and public employments. But in free governments, the influence of the two former is resisted by the equality of the laws, and the latter by the frequency of elections, and the chance that every one has in sharing in public business; but when this natural and artificial eminence is assisted by principles interwoven in this government—when the senate, so important a branch of the legislature, is so far removed from the people, as to have little or no connexion with them; when their duration in office is such as to have the resemblance to perpetuity, when they are connected with the executive, by the appointment of all officers, and also, to become a judiciary for the trial of officers of their own appointments; added to all this, when none but men of opulence will hold a seat, what is there left to resist and repel this host of influence and power. Will the feeble efforts of the house of representatives, in whom your security ought to consist, consisting of about seventy-three, be able to hold the balance against them, when, from the fewness of the number in this house, the senate will have in their power to poison even a majority of that body by doucours of office for themselves or friends. From causes like this both Montesquieu and Hume have predicted the decline of the British government into that of an absolute one; but the liberties of this country, it is probable if this system is adopted, will be strangled in their birth; for whenever the executive and senate can destroy the independence of the majority in the house of representatives, then where is your security? They are so intimately connected, that their interests will be one and the same; and will the slow increase of numbers be able to afford a repelling principle? but you are told to adopt this government first, and you will always be able to alter it afterwards; this would be first submitting to be slaves and then taking care of your liberty; and when your chains are on, then to act like freemen.
Complete acts of legislation, which are to become the supreme law of the land, ought to be the united act of all the branches of government; but there is one of the most important duties may be managed by the senate and executive alone, and to have all the force of the law paramount without the aid or interference of the house of representatives; that is the power of making treaties. This power is a very important one, and may be exercised in various ways, so as to affect your person and property, and even the domain of the nation. By treaties you may cede part of the empire; engagements may be made to raise an army, and you may be transported to Europe, to fight the wars of ambitious princes; money may be contracted for, and you must pay it; and a thousand other obligations may be entered into; all which will become the supreme law of the land, and you are bound by it. If treaties are erroneously or wickedly made who is there to punish—the executive can always cover himself with the plea, that he was advised by the senate, and the senate being a collective body are not easily made accountable for mal-administration. On this account we are in a worse situation than Great-Britain, where they have secured by a ridiculous fiction, the King from accountability, by declaring, that he can do no wrong; by which means the nation can have redress against his minister; but with us infallibility pervades every part of the system, and neither the executive nor his council, who are a collective body, and his advisers, can be brought to punishment for mal-administration.
C A T O.
For the NEW-YORK JOURNAL &c. LETTER II.
HONORED AND GOOD SIR, YOUR kind letter of the 10th of this month gave me great relief, for I was fore afraid that my very long epistle to you, had wearied and offended you, which I am very glad to find is not the case, as you ask me to write to you again, which I shall fail doing: my neighbour—and myself, as I mentioned to you in my last we intended, have since spent several evenings together, and sat up late, reading the new constitution, and papers, in hopes to come to a thorough knowledge of them, which to be sure, is not an easy matter; one thing, and it would appear but a trifling matter, puzzled us exceedingly, that is, the names the different writers have fixed upon one another; for we found that those who are for abiding by the confederation and strengthening it, so as to make it lasting, are called antifederalists; and the other party who are for throwing it aside, and having nothing farther to do with it, but are for making of us into one solid government, are called federalists: now I did not know the meaning of the high-flown words, but my neighbour told me, that antifederalists were people, that were against the confederation; and that federalists were those that were for it: now, as I said before, this puzzled us very much, and often prevented our understanding what we were reading—at length we both agreed, that either the writers themselves or the printers had made a mistake; so to hinder our being bothered any more, it was agreed, that my neighbour should take pen and ink, and strike out anti, where it was used, and put it to the other word, so as to make it read right all through, and this, I can assure you, was a great help to us, and well paid for the time it took, for we could understand what we read with much greater ease afterwards. The day after, our old neighbour—who, you heard me tell, had just before the war, moved down to Pennsylvania, and had come up to see his friends here, and spent the next evening with us, and we mentioned the matter to him, and he told us there was nothing at all strange in it, for it was the way some great men had to deceive the common people, and prevent their knowing what they were about; he said it was just so down with them, for there was a party of grand men in Philadelphia, who had made a great deal of money during the war, and lived like princes, had been trying all their might to overset their constitution this several years, and he did not doubt, but they wished to have a king, that they might be lords, or something else still greater themselves and make more money again, yet they called themselves republicans, because they knew it was a name that is
very pleasing to the pope, when, in truth, they are no more republicans than the pope, or the pretender himself; this you may judge, worthy sir, cleared up the matter to us at once; however we did not repent that we made the alterations, for they will be useful to our neighbours, when we lend the papers to them to read. But to go on, after we thought we understood the new constitution, nearly as well as it can be understood, I thought to myself, I would shew my neighbour the last letter I wrote to you, for I kept a copy of it, which I did, and he read it over and over again, and it pleased me a good deal, to find, that he thinks, what I said there, was very right; but he said at the same time, that though my letter was very long, I had not been quite plain enough about one thing, for, he said, we should be careful not to give a bit more power to our rulers than we could well help; for they would always find a way to get more fast enough, and they knew how to keep it when they once had it, so that we could never get any part of it back again; and to prove what he said, he put me in mind, that the convention was only sent to amend the old constitution, yet they sat about making a new one, though they had no power to do that at all; besides he made some other remarks which I will now mention to you, for we think very much alike about the business; he agrees with me, that very little dependence can be put on the president-general, and the senate, that they are to be appointed in a very odd manner, and would be so far above the common people, that they will care little about them, and when they get themselves fairly fixed in the saddle, there will be no such thing as to get them out again; but he seems to think, that the assemblymen, if there was enough of them, and if we could be sure that they would be honest and faithful, might give the others a deal of trouble, and hinder them from doing much mischief for a good while; but there are so very few of them, and the chance of getting good ones so little, from the manner which may be contrived by this new government, for making choice of them, that we cannot have much dependence from this quarter. We do not see but that they may order the election to be held in New-York city; I am sure, if they do, there is not one in a hundred of us country people, will be at the expence and trouble of attending there, to give our votes, except it should happen in the fall, just when we take our truck to market, and then a few of us might by chance, of we could get time give a vote, so that your mayor, and other great folks, may put in who they please, and, I believe, there is little doubt, but they will put in such folks as Mr. Beccaria speaks of, that will love to increase their own power, and keep down the common people; besides, if the election should be ordered to be held at any other place, lords of manors, and other great folks will attend, and be able to divide these places among themselves, in spite of all the common people can do; indeed, my neighbour tells me, he has often heard some of these great people say (for you know many of them think a good deal of him, and tell their minds very freely to him) that we were very wrong to send to our present congress, some people that we sent there, that although they were honest, and men of good enough sense, yet they could do us little or no good there, for they were unacquainted with the world; and that no man could be of service, if he was not very rich, and had large family connections, and knew how to dance, and dress well. Now, I suppose it will be the same case in this new government; and if so, I am sure, we would lean upon a broken reed, if we rely upon the assemblymen a bit more than upon the others.
There is another thing, in this new constitution, that my neighbour and me, have talked a good deal about; it is what is called in the writings you sent me, article 9th, section 1st. Indeed, we hardly know what they will be at by this; for fear you should mistake me, I believe I had better write it down; they say, "the migration, or importation of such persons, as any of the states now existing shall think proper to admit, shall not be prohibited by the congress, prior to the year 1808, but a tax, or duty may be imposed on such importation, not exceeding ten dollars for each person."
Now we think it very hard, if that is their meaning, that they should make every man, that comes from the old countries here, pay ten dollars to the new government. A great many of us, have our relations in the North of Ireland, and other places, that were very good friends to us all the way, and gave a great deal of trouble to the British, and I believe, partly upon our accounts, who might wish to come and settle here, among us; and I am sure they would be of great service to us, but do not you think it would be a hard matter for them to pay for their passages, besides their other expences, ten hard dollars for themselves, and each person in their families, when they get to this country. But our old neighbour from Pennsylvania, says, that it is thought among them, to mean worse than this, that its true meaning, is to give leave to import negroes from Guinea, for slaves, to work upon the rich men's plantations, to the southward; but that it is not mentioned plainly on purpose, because the quakers, and a great many other good religious people, are very much against making slaves of our fellow-creatures, and especially, against suffering any more to be brought into the country, and this, if it was known, might make them all against the new government: now, if this is really the case, it is to be sure, much worse than my neighbour and me first thought it to be; for all good christians must agree, that this trade is an abomination to the Lord, and must, if continued, bring down a heavy judgment upon our land. It does not seem to be justice, that one man should take another from his own country, and make a slave of him; and yet we are told by this new constitution, that one of its great ends, is to establish justice; alas! my worthy friend, it is a serious thing to trifle with the great God; his punishments are slow, but always sure; and the cunning of men, however deep, cannot escape them. I well remember, that our congress (and I believe, as I mentioned before, that they were honest, good men who meant as they said) when they declared independence, solemnly laid, that "all men were created equal; and that they were endowed by their creator with certain unalienable rights; and that among them, are these, life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness." They also talked much about the sacredness of a trial by jury; and complained loudly, that the old government tried to hinder the peopling of this country, by
discouraging people to come here from the old countries; and for these, and other causes, they went to war, after making a solemn appeal to God, for the rectitude of their intentions; and even the infidel must confess, that God was remarkably with us, watched over us in the hour of danger, fought our battles, and subdued our enemies, and finally gave us success. Alas! my good friend, it is a terrible thing to mock the almighty, for how can we expect to merit his favor, or escape his vengeance; it should appear, that we were not serious in our professions, and that they were mere devices to gratify our pride and ambition, we ought to remember, he sees into the secret recesses of our hearts, and knows what is passing there. It becomes us then to bear testimony against every thing which may be displeasing in his sight, and be careful that we incur not the charge mentioned by the prophet Hosea, "ye have plowed wickedness, ye have reaped iniquity; ye have eaten the fruit of lies, because thou didst trust in thy ways, in the multitude of thy mighty men." Here I shall finish this present letter; and when I find a little more leisure, I will continue to write to you again.
I remain, Honoured Sir, Your real friend, And humble servant. A COUNTRYMAN.
For the NEW-YORK JOURNAL, &c. BRUTUS, No. V.
To the PEOPLE of the State of New-York. IT was intended in this Number to have prosecuted the enquiry into the organization of this new system; particularly to have considered the dangerous and premature union of the President and Senate, and the mixture of legislative, executive, and judicial powers in the senate.
But there is such an intimate connexion between the several branches in whom the different species of authority is lodged, and the powers with which they are invested, that on reflection it seems necessary first to proceed to examine the nature and extent of the powers granted to the legislature.
This enquiry will assist us the better to determine, whether the legislature is so constituted, as to provide proper checks and restrictions for the security of our rights, and to guard against the abuse of power—For the means should be suited to the end; a government should be framed with a view to the objects to which it extends: if these be few in number, and of such a nature as to give but small occasion or opportunity to work oppression in the exercise of authority, there will be less need of a numerous representation, and special guards against abuse, than if the powers of the government are very extensive, and include a great variety of cases. It will also be found necessary to examine the extent of these powers, in order to form a just opinion how far this system can be considered as a confederation, or a consolidation of the states. Many of the advocates for, and most of the opponents to this system, agree that the form of government most suitable for the United States, is that of a confederation. The idea of a confederated government is that of a number of independent states entering into a compact, for the conducting certain general concerns, in which they have a common interest, leaving the management of their internal and local affairs to their separate governments. But whether the system proposed is of this nature cannot be determined without a strict enquiry into the powers proposed to be granted.
This constitution considers the people of the several states as one body corporate, and is intended as an original compact, it will therefore dissolve all contracts which may be inconsistent with it. This not only results from its nature, but is expressly declared in the 6th article of it. The design of the constitution is expressed in the preamble, to be, "in order to form a more perfect union, to establish justice, insure domestic tranquility, provide for the common defence, promote the general welfare, and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and posterity." These are the ends this government is to accomplish, and for which it is invested with certain powers, among these is the power "to make all laws which are necessary and proper for carrying into execution the foregoing powers, and all other powers vested by this constitution in the government of the United States, or in any department or officer thereof." It is a rule in construing a law to consider the objects the legislature had in view in passing it, and to give it such an explanation as to promote their intention. The same rule will apply in explaining a constitution. The great objects then are declared in this preamble in general and indefinite terms to be to provide for the common defence, promote the general welfare, and an express power being vested in the legislature to make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into execution all the powers vested in the general government. The inference is natural that the legislature will have an authority to make all laws which they shall judge necessary for the common safety, and to promote the general welfare. This amounts to a power to make laws at discretion: No terms can be found more indefinite than these, and it is obvious, that the legislature alone must judge what laws are proper and necessary for the purpose. It may be said, that this way of explaining the constitution, is torturing and making it speak what it never intended. This is far from my intention, and I shall not even insist upon this implied power, but join issue with those who say we are to collect the idea of the powers given from the express words of the clauses granting them; and it will not be difficult to shew that the same authority is expressly given which is supposed to be implied in the foregoing paragraphs.
In the 1st article, 8th section, it is declared, "that Congress shall have power to lay and collect taxes, duties, imposts and excises, to pay the debts, and provide for the common defence, and general welfare of the United States." In the preamble, the intent of the constitution, among other things, is declared to be to provide for the common defence, and promote the general welfare, and in this clause the power is in express words given to Congress "to provide for the common defence, and general welfare."—And in the last paragraph of the same section there is an express authority to make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into execution this power. It is therefore evident, that the legislature under this constitution may pass any law which they may think proper. It is true the 9th section retains their

power with respect to certain objects. But these restrictions are very limited, some of them improper, some unimportant, and others not easily understood, as I shall hereafter show. It has been urged that the meaning I give to this part of the constitution is not the true one, that the intent of it is to confer on the legislature the power to lay and collect taxes, &c. in order to provide for the common defence and general welfare. To this I would reply, that the meaning and intent of the constitution is to be collected from the words of it, and I submit to the public, whether the construction I have given it is not the most natural and easy. But admitting the contrary opinion to prevail, I shall nevertheless be able to show, that the same powers are substantially vested in the general government, by several other articles in the constitution. It invests the legislature with authority to lay and collect taxes, duties, imposts and excises, in order to provide for the common defence, and promote the general welfare, and to pass all laws which may be necessary and proper for carrying this power into effect. To comprehend the extent of this authority, it will be requisite to examine 1st. what is included in this power to lay and collect taxes, duties, imposts and excises.
2d. What is implied in the authority, to pass all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying this power into execution.
3d. What limitation, if any, is set to the exercise of this power by the constitution.  1st. To detail the particulars comprehended in the general terms, taxes, duties, imposts and excises, would require a volume, instead of a single piece in a news-paper. Indeed it would be a task far beyond my ability, and to which no one can be competent, unless possessed of a mind capable of comprehending every possible source of revenue; for they extend to every possible way of raising money, whether by direct or indirect taxation. Under this clause may be imposed a poll-tax, a land-tax, a tax on houses and buildings, on windows and five places, on cattle and on all kinds of personal property:—It extends to duties on all kinds of goods to any amount, to tonnage and poundage on vessels, to duties on written instruments, news-papers, almanacks, and books:—It comprehends an excise on all kinds of liquors, spirits, wines, cyder, beer, &c. and indeed takes in duty or excise on every necessary or convenient of life; whether of foreign or home growth or manufacture. In short, we can have no conception of any way in which a government can raise money from the people, but what is included in one or other of these general terms. We may say then that this clause commits to the hands of the general legislature every conceivable source of revenue within the United States. Not only are these terms very comprehensive, and extend to a vast number of objects, but the power to lay and collect has great latitude; it will lead to the passing a vast number of laws, which may affect the personal rights of the citizens of the states, expose their property to fines and confiscation, and put their lives in jeopardy: it opens a door to the appointment of a swarm of revenue and excise officers to pry upon the honest and industrious part of the community, eat up their substance, and not on the spoils of the country.
2d. We will next enquire into what is implied in the authority to pass all laws which shall be necessary and proper to carry this power into execution.
It is, perhaps, utterly impossible fully to define this power. The authority granted in the first clause can only be understood in its full extent, by referring to all the particular cases in which a revenue can be raised; the number and variety of these cases are so endless, and as it were infinite, that no man living has, as yet, been able to reckon them up. The greatest geniuses in the world have been for ages employed in the research, and when mankind had supposed that the subject was exhausted they have been astonished with the refined improvements that have been made in modern times, and especially in the English nation on the subject—If then the objects of this power cannot be comprehended, how is it possible to understand the extent of that power which can pass all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying it into execution? It is truly incomprehensible. A case cannot be conceived of, which is not included in this power. It is well known that the subject of revenue is the most difficult and extensive in the science of government. It requires the greatest talents of a statesman, and the most numerous and exact provisions of the legislature. The command of the revenues of a state gives the command of every thing in it.—He that has the purse will have the sword, and they that have both, have every thing; so that the legislature having every source from which money can be drawn under their direction, with a right to make all laws necessary and proper for drawing forth all the resources of the country, would have, in fact, all power.
Were I to enter into the detail, it would be easy to show how this power in its operation, would totally destroy all the powers of the individual states. But this is not necessary for those who will think for themselves, and it will be useless to such as take things upon trust, nothing will awaken them to reflection, until the iron hand of oppression compel them to it.
I shall only remark, that this power, given to the federal legislature, directly annihilates all the powers of the state legislatures. There cannot be a greater solecism in politics than to talk of power in a government, without the command of any revenue. It is as absurd as to talk of an animal without blood, or the subsistence of one without food. Now the general government having in their control every possible source of revenue, and authority to pass any law they may deem necessary to draw them forth, or to facilitate their collection; no source of revenue is therefore left in the hands of any state. Should any state attempt to raise money by law, the general government may repeal or arrest it in the execution, for all their laws will be the supreme law of the land: If then any one can be weak enough to believe that a government can exist without having the authority to raise money to pay a door-keeper to their assembly, he may believe that the state government can exist, should this new constitution take place.
It is agreed by most of the advocates of this new system, that the government which is proper for the United States should be a confederated one; that the respective states ought to retain a portion of their sovereignty, and that they should preserve not only the forms of their legislatures, but also the power to conduct certain internal concerns. How far the powers to be retained by the states in a
extend, is the question; we need not spend much time on this subject; as it respects this constitution, for a government without the power to raise money is one only in name. It is clear that the legislatures of the respective states must be altogether dependent on the will of the general legislature, for the means of supporting their government. The legislature of the United States will have a right to exhaust every source of revenue in every state, and to annul all laws of the states which may stand in the way of effecting it; unless therefore we can suppose the state governments can exist without money to support the officers who execute them, we must conclude they will exist no longer than the general legislatures choose they should. Indeed the idea of any government existing, in any respect, as an independent one, without any means of support in their own hands, is an absurdity. If therefore, this constitution has in view, what many of its framers and advocates say it has, to secure and guarantee to the separate states the exercise of certain powers of government it certainly ought to have left in their hands some sources of revenue. It should have marked the line in which the general government should have raised money, and set bounds over which they should not pass, leaving to the separate states other means to raise supplies for the support of their governments, and to discharge their respective debts. To this it is objected, that the general government ought to have power competent to the purposes of the union; they are to provide for the common defence, to pay the debts of the United States, support foreign ministers, and the civil establishment of the union, and to do these they ought to have authority to raise money adequate to the purpose. On this I observe, that the state governments have also contracted debts, they require money to support their civil officers, and how this is to be done, if they give to the general government a power to raise money in every way in which it can possibly be raised, with such a controul over the state legislatures as to prohibit them, whenever the general legislature may think proper, from raising any money. It is again objected that it is very difficult, if not impossible, to draw the line of distinction between the powers of the general and state governments on this subject. The first, it is said, must have the power of raising the money necessary for the purposes of the union, if they are limited to certain objects the revenue may fall short of a sufficiency for the public exigencies, they must therefore have discretionary power. The line may be easily and accurately drawn between the powers of the two governments on this head. The distinction between external and internal taxes, is not a novel one in this country, it is a plain one, and easily understood. The first includes impost duties on all imported goods; this species of taxes it is proper should be laid by the general government; many reasons might be urged to show that no danger is to be apprehended from their exercise of it. They may be collected in few places, and from few hands with certainty and expedition. But few officers are necessary to be employed in collecting them, and there is no danger of oppression in laying them, because, if they are laid higher than trade will bear, the merchants will cease importing, or smuggle their goods. We have therefore sufficient security, arising from the nature of the thing, against burdensome, and intolerable impositions from this kind of tax. But the case is far otherwise with regard to direct taxes; these include poll taxes, land taxes, excises, duties on written instruments, on every thing we eat, drink, or wear; they take hold of every species of property, and come home to every man's house and packet. These are often so oppressive, as to grind the face of the poor, and render the lives of the common people a burden to them. The great and only security the people can have against oppression from this kind of taxes, must rest in their representatives. If they are sufficiently numerous to be well informed of the circumstances, and ability of those who send them, and have a proper regard for the people, they will be secure. The general legislature, as I have shewn in a former paper, will not be thus qualified, and therefore, on this account, ought not to exercise the power of direct taxation. If the power of laying imposts will not be sufficient, some other specific mode of raising a revenue should have been assigned the general government; many may be suggested in which their power may be accurately defined and limited, and it would be much better to give them authority to lay and collect a duty on exports, not to exceed a certain rate per cent, than to have surrendered every kind of resource that the country has, to the complete abolition of the state governments, and which will introduce such an infinite number of laws and ordinances, and excisemen, that when a man can number them, he may enumerate the stars of Heaven. I shall resume this subject in my next, and by an induction of particulars show, that this power, in its exercise, will subvert all state authority, and will work to the oppression of the people, and that there are no restrictions in the constitution that will soften its rigour, but rather the contrary. BRUTUS.
New-York, December 13.
THE most favorite topics of the week have been a French and English war—the Holland troubles—and the proposed Federal Constitution.—The former of these remains yet upon the list of probabilities; the accounts of the latter amount to a certainty of the surrender of Amsterdam by the Patriots; the several modes on which the constitution will finally be received by the several states, can be known only through the reports of the state conventions, which, from time to time, shall be faithfully deposited in the New-York Journal, and Weekly Register.
Yesterday arrived the brig Ann, M'Cay, from Jamaica, in 50 days.
The Schooner Adventure, Justice, from this port to St. Eustatia, was lost with all her cargo on the Anegado, on the 23d of Oct. last, in a storm.
The ship Canton, Capt. Thomas Truxton, sailed from Philadelphia, for Canton, in China, on Thursday last.
The Little John, Capt. Briggs, from Copenhagen, has arrived at Newport, Rhode-Island, after a tedious passage of 90 days.
The Subscribers to the New-York Journal, and Weekly Register are respectfully informed, that this Day completes one Year of its Publication, by their humble Servant, THOMAS GREENLEAF. New-York, Dec. 13, 1787.
SHERIFF'S SALES.
On SATURDAY the 15th Inst. at X o'Clock, Will be Sold by the Sheriff, At the House lately occupied by William Arms, At the Corner of William and George-streets, A QUANTITY of Groceries, taken by execution, consisting of WINES, SPIRITS, RUM, CHERRY, BRANDY, and a variety of CORDIALS, VINIGAR, and CYDER, SUGARS, BUTTER, CANDLES, SOAP, Bottled PORTER. A parcel of ONIONS in bunches, and a number of other articles, together with several pieces of HOUSEHOLD FURNITURE.
M. WILLETT, Sheriff. New-York, Dec. 12, 1787. 63 c.d.
TO BE SOLD, At PUBLIC AUCTION,
On THURSDAY the 27th Instant, At the Coffee-House Bridge, at XII o'Clock, 195 Sides Tanned Leather, Forfeited to the People of this State, and the Informants, And SOLD by Virtue of a Decree of the COURT OF ADMIRALTY, J. GRAHAM, Marshall. New-York, Dec. 12, 1787. 63 c.d.
JACOB REED, jun.
At his OFFICE, No. 20, Queen Street, near the Fly-Market, BUYS, SELLS, and EXCHANGES.
SECURITIES of the United States, and of this state, and furnishes on the most reasonable terms, such certificates as are receivable on the sales of public lands, and for the arrearages of quit rents within this state. Also, certificates that will pay for the lands lately sold, as well as those granted to certain companies, by the United States. In fact, every transaction, both in the Continental and state FUNDS, negotiated with dispatch, and on the most easy terms.
MONEY EXCHANGES.
The paper money of this state at all times exchanged for specie, which is re-exchanged for paper money, at only half per cent. advance from the giving rate. New-York, Dec. 12, 1787. 63—c.d.
State of New-York, ff.
WHEREAS all the real estate of which John Thompson, late of Goshen precinct, in the county of Orange, yeoman, deceased, died seized, has been sold by an order of Peter Ogilvie, Esq. Judge of the court of Probates of this state, for the payment of his debts; all persons who have any demands against the estate of the said John Thompson, are hereby notified and desired to produce the same to the said judge, at the said court of Probates, at the Probate-Office in the city of New-York, on the twenty-fifth day of March next, when and where a final settlement and distribution of the said estate will be made. Given under my hand, at the Probate Office, in the city of New-York, the twentieth day of December, in the year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and eighty-seven. 63 th. 6w. PETER OGILVIE.
NOTICE is hereby given to all persons indebted to Jacob Hagerman, of the city of New-York, an insolvent debtor, that unless they make immediate payment to the subscribers, their accounts will be put in the hands of an attorney; and all his creditors are desired to bring in their accounts properly attested. A dividend is intended to be made on the first Monday in March next, provided the creditors accounts are sent into JOHN MURRAY, or WALTER BUCHANAN, Affigneess. New-York, Dec. 12, 1787. 63 10w. th.
MARSHALL'S Porter and Oyster-House,
Is now opened at the corner of Cortlandt and Greenwich-Streets, opposite Powles-Hook Ferry-House, at the North-River—where every exertion will be put in force to render those who will favor him with their commands agreeable. New-York, Dec. 12, 1787. 63 c.d.
PUBLIC NOTICE
is hereby given, that by virtue of a writ to me directed, issued out of the court of chancery of this state, I shall expose to sale, at Public Vendue, on the twenty-first day of January next, at eleven o'clock in the forenoon of the same day, on the premises, all that certain Dwelling-House, Mezzanine, and Tenement, and Lot of Ground thereunto belonging, situate, lying and being in the city of New-York aforesaid, in Montgomery-Ward of the said city, on the north west side of Queen-street, bounded on the north east by the house and ground then or late of Charity De la Montagne, on the south west by the house and ground late of John Varrick, deceased, and on the north west by the piece of ground formerly part of the said lot, but late belonging to John Alpinwall and John Lawrence, and by them laid out for and agreed to be a public street for ever, and on the south east to Queen-street aforesaid, containing in breadth, in front to Queen-street aforesaid, thirty feet, and in breadth in the rear about twenty-three feet and an half, and in length, on each side from Queen-street to extend one hundred and seventy-one feet, together with all and singular the appurtenances. Given under my hand, this sixth day of December, in the year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and eighty-seven. 60 m. 6w. M. WILLETT, Sheriff.
By his EXCELLENCY, GEORGE CLINTON, Esquire, Governor of the state of New-York, general and commander in chief of all the militia, and admiral of the navy thereof.
A Proclamation.
(L.S.) WHEREAS, pursuant to a law of this state, the legislature are to meet at Poughkeepsie, in Dutchess County, on the first Tuesday in January next; I have therefore thought fit, by these presents, to proclaim the same, that all persons concerned may be apprized thereof, and govern themselves accordingly.
Given under my hand, and the privy seal, at the city of New York, this third day of December, in the twelfth year of the independence of the said state, 1787. GEORGE CLINTON.
TO BE SOLD, A Valuable Plantation,
Situate on PENN'S NECK, Within four miles of PRINCETON; CONTAINING,
THREE hundred acres, with a sufficient quantity of meadow, lying on Millstone Creek; about 50 acres is excellent good timber land; the remainder, as good land for all kinds of grain as any about Princeton, all in good fence. There are on the premises, a very good large dwelling house, a large barn all covered with cedar; a waggone-house, with out-houses, all in good order; a large orchard that will produce 100 barrels of cyder a year, with other fruit trees; a very fine well of water at the door; the situation is high, and has a fine prospect of Princeton College. This farm is rendered more delightful and convenient by the contiguous situation of a large branch of Millstone River.
Also, a Lot of excellent Wood Land, near the same, containing 58 acres; it lies convenient to divide into two farms, and will be sold separate, or the whole together, as may best suit the purchaser.
Also, the Stone Tavern and Lot of Land in Princeton, known by the sign of the thirteen stars, whereon is a large new stable, sheds, &c. all in good order, with a fine well of water at the kitchen door: the house is well known to be very convenient, as it has been kept as a tavern for many years.
Also, a Lot of Land of twelve acres, near this town, which may all be made into meadow.
A good and indisputable title will be given for any of the above premises.—For terms apply to the subscriber, at the sign of the College in Princeton. JACOB G. BERGEN. Princeton, Dec. 5, 1787. 60 th.
IN CHANCERY.
Robert Richardson Crofs, et alii,
versus, George Clinton, Esq. and Nicholas Bogert.
PURSUANT to a decree made in the above cause by the honorable the Chancellor, the following premises, late the estate of Cornelia Blau, deceased, will be sold at Public Auction, at the merchants Coffee-House, in the city of New-York, on the fifteenth day of December next, at twelve o'clock, at noon, of the same day, to wit, All that certain Messuage or Dwelling-House and Lot of Ground, situate, lying and being in the said city, in Broad-street, nearly opposite the exchange; containing in front, on the west side, thirty-six feet six inches, and in the rear or east side, thirty-five feet, on the south side adjoining the lot now or late of William Milliner, sixty-eight feet, and to the north adjoining the lot now or late of Samuel Francis, sixty feet, be the same more or less; together with all and singular, the hereditaments and appurtenances to the same premises belonging, or in any wise appertaining.
The purchase money to be paid on the delivery of the deed to the purchaser or purchasers thereof, pursuant to the decree aforesaid; the other conditions will be made known at the time and place of sale, by JAMES M. HUGHES, Master in Chancery. Dated this 20th day of Nov. 1787. 44 c.d. aw.
Public Auction. On Saturday next,
The 15th Instant, Will be sold at Public Auction, at the COFFEE-HOUSE (If not sold before at Private Sale) An ELEGANT BROWN STALLION.
Also, a very good RIDING HORSE. JAMES BARCLAY. Dec. 11th, 1787. 61—c.d.
EXCELLENT LONDON
PORTE R, TO BE SOLD, Per Hamper, or Dozen; by George Miller, No. 23, Corner of Wall and Water-Street. 61—c.d.

POET'S CORNER.
EATEMPORÉ on a PAIR OF SCALES.
By a Young Lady, of 15.
WOULD thoughtless men their actions weigh, In Reason's even Scale, And mind in all they do and say, That folly don't prevail! Then might they shun the many ills, Wealth inattention brings; By reason balance all their wills, And happier be than Kings.
Afize of BREAD,
As Established October 24, 1787. A Loaf of inspected superfine Wheat Flour to weigh Two Pounds Five Ounces for Six-pence. A Loaf of Rye Flour to weigh One Pound Twelve Ounces for Three-pence.
HIGH WATER.
This Day, Dec. 13. 11h. 46m. Morning.
Just published by M. CAREY, In Philadelphia, and now to be SOLD, By THOMAS ALLEN, Book-Seller, in Queen-street, New-York (By whom Subscriptions are received)
American Museum,
For OCTOBER, 1787.
 CONTAINING,  1. OBSERVATIONS on the late insurrection in Massachusetts.  2. Adventures of Col. Daniel Boon, one of the original settlers of Kentucky.  3. On the advantage of trade and commerce.  4. Extracts from an oration delivered on the Anniversary of American Independence. By the late Dr. Ladd.  5. Oration in commemoration of the late Major General Greene.  6. Account of Dartmouth College in New-England.  7. Observations on agriculture—and the causes that have prevented its improvement in America.  8. Letter on the various modes of sowing wheat.  9. Swedish method of breeding turkeys.  10. Letter on the culture of potatoes.  11. Remarks on roads.  12. Remarks on the culture and manufacture of silk.  13. Premiums offered by the committee of the American academy of arts and sciences.  14. On the extraction of the essence of bark.  15. Letter on the retreat of house swallows in winter.  16. Winter clothes.  17. Address of the board of managers of the Pennsylvania Society for the promotion of manufactures and the useful arts.  18. Address of the seceding members of the assembly of Pennsylvania.  19. Remarks on the preceding address.  20. Address to the freemen of Pennsylvania, relative to the new constitution.  21. Address to ditto, on the same subject.  22. Address to the impartial of all denominations, on the same subject.  23. Substance of Mr. Wilson's address.  24. Address to all federalists.  25. Remarks on the insinuation against General Washington.  26. Letter on the federal government.  27. Petition of the inhabitants of Philadelphia.  28. Petition of the justices and freeholders of Burlington.  29. Resolutions of inhabitants of Alexandria.  30. Dito of inhabitants of Carlisle.  31. Dito of inhabitants of Northampton county.  32. Dito of inhabitants of Somerset county.  33. Extract from the Baptist's circular letter.  34. Proceedings of the assembly of Connecticut.  35. On gratitude to ancestors.  36. Singular charge of a judge to a grand jury.  37. Report of a committee of the assembly of New-York.  38. Curious reflections on newspaper calumny.  39. Constitution of the Philadelphia college of physicians.  40. Address to the friends of humanity.  41. On the doctrine of chance.  42. Prayer of an American citizen.  43. On paper.  44. The Indian student.  45. The dying Indian.  46. In doctorum Carolum Nisbet convalescentem.  47. On a child smiling in its sleep.  ** The publisher respectfully requests, that those of his subscribers who have not yet paid their subscription for their second volume, will recollect the broad hint given in the preface to the July Museum. This Work is also SOLD by Messieurs Berry and Rogers, Mr. Hodge, and Mr. London. New-York, Nov. 19, 1787. 42—e.d.
To the Afflicted with WORMS. LATELY received from the western country, and may be had at No. 21, Beekman street, an extraordinary and never-failing WORM POWDER .—From long experience it has been found, that three doses of these Powders will effectually destroy the Worms, either in children or grown persons. N York Sept. 13, 1787. 32—e.d.
FLAX-SEED, STORED. Cleaned, Purchased, and Sold, at HARTELL and WOODWARD'S Flax-seed store, lately occupied by Mr. JACOB SARLY, last by Mr. Nath. between Van Zandt's and Murray's Wharves. 38—e.d.
— LETTERS of INTELLIGENCE—occasional PARAGRAPHS—speculative PIECES—ESSAYS, &c.—are gratefully received at this OFFICE— For the greater CONVENIENCE and SAFETY of which COMMUNICATIONS, a LETTER-BOX is placed in the Window. SUBSCRIPTIONS for this PAPER (printed EVERY DAY, at Six, and ONCE a Week, at Two, Dollars per Annum) are also received here—and ADVERTISEMENTS, REASONABLE INERTED.
State of New-York, Court of Admiralty. Charles March, Timothy Penny, Abraham P. Mendes, John Thompson, Gad Wells, and others, Libellants.
Sundry goods, Wares and Merchandize, saved out of a vessel having no person on board, by John Shannon and others, and claimed by Gibbon Bourke, John Donnann and the said John Shannon and others, and claimed in part by Daniel McCormick for Hyem Cohen, and by William Cock for Richard Hall.
WHEREAS Charles March, Timothy Penny, Abraham P. Mendes, John Thompson, Matthew Fergo, John Howard, Gad Wells, Samuel Eells, and Peter Noyes, junior, as passengers, and Malcom Taylor, and Henry Harris, as mariners on board of the brigantine Port Roseway, have filed a libel in the said court, setting forth that in and with the said brigantine, in a voyage from the island of Jamaica to New-London, in Connecticut, on or about the first day of August, in the year 1784, in the latitude of 23 degrees and 30 minutes north, or thereabouts, they discovered, and went to a vessel with only her foremast standing, and having no living creature on board, and five feet water in her hold; and that they saved and took out of the said brigantine, sundry goods, wares, and merchandise, which were by them brought to the port of New-York, and there sold at public vendue, by order of Gibbon Bourke, and John Donnann, of the said city, merchants: And whereas it appears by return of sales of Anthony L. Bleeker, that the said merchandise so saved and brought to the port of New-York, consisted of the following articles, viz. Six hogheads of sugar, the marks & numbers whereof were defaced; one hoghead of sugar marked F. No. 102, one other hoghead of sugar marked WB. No. 185, one other hoghead of sugar, marked F.S. one hoghead of spirits, marked E. [enclosed by a diamond] No. 6, one other hoghead of spirits, marked B. E. No. 4, one other hoghead of spirits, marked B. E. No. 5, one other hoghead of spirits, marked B. R. No. 3, one other hoghead of spirits, marked WB. No. 7, one other hoghead of spirits, marked WB. No. 8, and one other hoghead of spirits, marked WB. No. 9, thirteen bales of cotton wool without mark or number, 1 bale of cotton wool, marked B. three other bales of cotton wool, marked H. C. fifteen other bales of cotton wool, the marks & numbers whereof were defaced; four whole bales, four half bales, four broken bales, and four bundles of cotton wool, the marks whereof, if any had been, could not be discovered, a quantity of logwood, and five hundred and fifty-one feet of mahogany. And whereas, by an advertisement formerly published in one of the news papers printed in New-York, the said goods and merchandise were said to have been saved and taken on board of the said brigantine Port-Roseway, on Thursday the 5th day of Aug. 1784. And whereas, Gibbon Bourke and John Donnann, on behalf of John Shannon, master, and Samuel Nesbitt, mate, Malcom Taylor, Martin George, John Harper, Swiney Wilson and Alexander M'Kenzie, mariners, and Richard Hall, owner of the said brigantine Port-Roseway, have filed a claim in the said court, praying a decree for their proportional shares of the net proceeds of the said goods: and whereas, Daniel McCormick, of the city of New-York, merchant, for and on behalf of Hyem Cohen, of the Island of Jamaica, hath filed a claim in the said court, to the monies which have arisen from the sales of the said cotton wool, or part thereof, after the payment of salvage; and whereas William Cock, of the city of New-York, Esq. for and in behalf of Richard Hall, of Shelburne, in Nova-Scotia, as sole owner of the said brigantine Port-Roseway, hath also filed a claim in the said court, praying an allowance for salvage out of the monies arisen by the sale of the said goods, wares and merchandise. And whereas, it appears by the depositions of William M'Kenney and Malcom Taylor, two of the persons on board the brigantine Port-Roseway, at the time the said goods and merchandise were so saved and taken on board; that the defected vessel out of which the said goods were saved, were generally supposed by themselves and others then present, to have been a brigantine; and it further appears by the said depositions, and the deposition of Swiney Wilson, which depositions were severally taken in open court, that the said defected vessel was a stout vessel (perhaps about three hundred tons burthen) had a woman's head, with guard-irons round it, that she had black sides, and yellow mouldings, that she had either three or four ports on each side abaft her chains, that she had a double deck as far as her main-mast, and had deck-beams but no plank on them before her main-mast as part of her lower deck, that she had quarter-barges, but no quarter-galleries, and was plain behind, and that her quarter-deck was raised about three feet above her main-deck. —Therefore, pursuant to an order of the said court, public monition and notice is hereby given to all persons interested, or claiming to be interested, in the said goods, wares and merchandise, so saved, or any part thereof, to put in a claim in the said court for the same, within one year and a day, from the day of the date of this monition and notice. Dated the eighth day of October, in the twelfth year of the Independence of the state of New-York, and the year of our Lord, 1787.  By order of the court of Admiralty, JONH GRAHAM, Marshal. 36 3m
Garret Rapalje,
BEGS leave to inform his friends, and the public in general; that he hath opened a commission store, at his former dwelling-house No. 2, on the east side of the Fly-Market, where he receives, and disposes of all sorts of merchandise, upon commission. He has very convenient cellars, and excellent store room for wet or dry goods, and the utmost attention shall be paid to the interest of those who may be pleased to favour him with their business.  He has loan-office certificates to sell; and two negro wenches, which can be well recommended. New-York, October 10, 1787. 36—t.f.
WHEREAS Nicholas Bayard, Esq. of the city of New-York, by his certain indenture of lease, under his hand and seal, duly executed, bearing date the sixteenth day of September, in the ninth year of the independence of the United States of America, and in the year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and eighty-four, for the consideration therein mentioned, did demise and to farm let unto John Cassing, all those three LOTS of GROUND, No. 279, 280, and 281, situate in the outward, at the corner of Moll-street, and Bayard-street, to have and to hold the said three Lots unto the said John Cassing, for and during and until the end and term of twenty-one years from thence next ensuing: and whereas the said John Cassing had erected on said three Lots of Ground a dwelling house; and whereas the said John Cassing, on the twenty-eighth day of February, in the year one thousand seven hundred and eighty-five, by indenture of mortgage, did convey unto John Egberts, of the said city of New-York, house-carpenter, all the beforementioned Lots, No. 279, 280, and 281, with the buildings thereon erected, to hold for and during the residue and remainder of the said term of twenty-one years then to come, and, unexpired, to secure the payment of fifty pounds, with the lawful interest:—NOTICE is hereby given, that in pursuance of an act of the governor, council, and general assembly of the late colony of New-York, passed the nineteenth day of March, one thousand seven hundred and seventy-four, entitled, "An act for the more effectual registering of mortgages, and for securing the purchases of mortgaged estates,"—the residue and remainder of the term of years yet to come, and unexpired, of, and in the said three Lots of Ground, with the buildings thereon erected, will be SOLD at PUBLIC VENDUE, to the highest bidder, on the premises, on the twenty-fifth day of February next.—The sale to begin at twelve o'clock. The condition of sale will be made known at the time of the vendue, and a deed executed to the purchaser or purchasers, subject to the proviso, in the said act, in favor of other mortgages, judgments at law, and decrees in equity, prior to the said sale.
JOHN EGBERTS. New-York, August 23, 1787. t. th. 6m.
THOMAS SMITH, BOOT and SHOE MAKER, LEATHER CUTTER, AND CURRIER, Queen-Street, No. 179, Corner of Beekman or Chapel Street.
BEGS leave to inform his friends, and the public in general, that he carries on the above branches in an extensive manner. He makes and sells the following articles, wholesale and retail, viz.
   f. s. d.     Gentlemen's best boots with the belt English legs and bend-foles, bound with Morocco, 2 12 0   Gentlemen's best boots turned down tops, best English legs and bend-foles, 2 10 0   Gentlemen's best boots with the best York legs and bend-foles, bound with Morocco, 2 8 0   Ditto best plain, ditto, York legs and bend-foles, 2 4 0   Ditto, ditto, with York legs and foles, 2 0 0   Best water boots with bend-foles, 2 0 0   Gentlemen's best calf-skin shoes with bound tops, 0 11 0   Mens strong shoes, from 8/ to 0 9 0   Ladies best silk shoes, 1 0 0   Ditto ditto stuff ditto satin or calimanco, 0 10 0   Ditto ditto leather lined and bound, 0 9 0   Ditto do. do. common, 0 8 0   Boys, girls, and childrens shoes of all kinds.    As also, all kinds of leather, whether for shoemakers, saddlers, or harness-makers use,—English boot-legs, bend foals as usual.  He wishes to inform the public, that, as he is determined to sell on the most reasonable terms, no credit on any account will be given, except to those of his former customers.  And like wise, that no shoes will be sent to any one for trial, except they be very well known, as he has already suffered too much loss on that account.  Country store-keepers, and others, will find it to their advantage to deal at the above store, as they can be supplied with upper leathers, foles, half foles, &c. by the dozen, on the most reasonable terms.  Black-ball of excellent quality for cleaning boots or shoes, wholesale and retail.  N. B. Rough leather taken in and curried on the most reasonable terms. 24—e.d. 5w
NOTICE is hereby given to all persons indebted to JAMES MYER, jun. of the city of New-York, an insolvent debtor, that unless they make immediate payment to the subscriber, assignee of the aforesaid James Myer, jun. their accounts will be put in the hands of an attorney; and all persons having claims against the said James Myer, jun. previous to his discharge, under the act of insolvency, are required immediately to present their accounts, properly attested, to the subscriber. JOHN LOVETT, Assignee. New-York, October 16, 1787. 37—t. th. 3m.
JUST PUBLISHED, And to be SOLD, at this Office, By the Gros, Hundred, or Dozen, HUTCHINS's, and the UNITED STATES' ALMANACS, For the Year of our Lord, 1788.
John Siemon, No. 76, William-Street, next Door to Mr. Samuel Gilford's, MANUFACTURER, and has for SALE, A large and general Assortment of MUFFS and TIPPETS, Consisting of MARTIN, and Martin Throat, real, and mock Ermin; American and Russian Squirrel; real black Gennet; red Fox; Russia Hair; and ground Squirrel. LIKEWISE, A complete Assortment of fur Trimmings and Edgings, for Ladies Cloaks, riding Dresses, &c. Cloak Linings, Great-Coats, lined with Furr, for Gentlemen, Caps, Gloves, &c. &c. The above Articles he is now selling on the most reasonable Terms, for Cash, or Short Credit. Directions will be given how to preserve the Furr during the Summer Season.
THE PUBLIC ARE RESPECTFULLY INFORMED, THAT the subscriber has lately removed from Princeton, New-Jersey, to this city, and now keeps the house lately kept by Talmadge Hall, No. 49, Cortland-street (commonly known by the Boston, Albany, and Philadelphia General Stage-Office) and has agreed with the proprietors of the Albany and Boston Stages, to make his house the public Stage-house. Those Ladies and Gentlemen, who wish to take passages in either of those Stages, will please to leave their names with the subscriber the evening before the Stage's departure; gentlemen passengers and others, are informed that the subscriber keeps a house of entertainment, and accommodates gentlemen with boarding and lodging. Every attention will be paid to those who please to favor him with their custom. CHRISTOPHER BEEKMAN. N. B. The gentlemen of the city are informed, that the subscriber has a large convenient Assembly Room, which he proposes to let during the winter season, or longer if required. New-York, Nov. 13, 1787. 51—th.
STAGE. THE subscriber informs the public, and his friends in particular, that he now runs the STAGE from this to RYE, which Mr. HALL formerly ran. This stage starts from Mr. C. BEEKMAN's, No. 49, Cortland-street, on Mondays, and Thursdays, at five o'clock in the morning, and returns on Wednesdays, and Saturdays, at six o'clock in the evening.—As the subscriber has furnished himself with a very convenient new Wagon, and good Horses, for the purpose, he flatters himself, that he shall be able to give those Gentlemen and Ladies, who please to favor him with their custom, universal satisfaction. N. B. The subscriber likewise keeps a very genteel COACH, with a good pair of HORSES, To LETT; likewise, Horses and Chairs, and Saddle Horses. Any order, left with Mr. Beekman, or at his stable, in Cortland-street, will be immediately attended to, by the public's most humble servant, OBADIAH WRIGHT. Good STABLING for HORSES. New-York, Nov. 27, 1787. 49—c.d.
Morris-Town and Paules-Hook STAGE. ON the 14th inst. the subscriber began to run his Stage-Wagon every Tuesday and Friday, from his house in Morris-Town, to Paules-Hook, by the way of Newark, starting at five o'clock each morning. The wagon generally arrives at Jacamiah Smith's, Paules-Hook, about one o'clock of the same day, where it remains until the next morning, nine o'clock, when it returns by the same route, and with all expedition. The FARE for a passenger, with seven pounds of baggage, is ONE DOLLAR, and the same for one hundred and fifty pound weight. The wagon, on its route to Paules-Hook, stops at Lawrence's tavern, Springfield, where the passengers may breakfast, if they choose; the next stage is at Major Sayre's, Newark, from whence they proceed to Paules-Hook. N. B. Letters, to be sent by the above stage, may be lodged at Capt. Crane's, a few doors above the Ferry-house, in Cortland-street, New-York, from whence they shall always be safely conveyed to the stage. All letters carried free. GEORGE OHARA. Morris-Town, August 28, 1787. 30—
NOTICE is hereby given to all persons indebted to THOMAS WHITE, of the city of New-York, an insolvent debtor, that unless they make immediate payment to the subscriber, assignee of the estate of the aforesaid Thomas White, their accounts will be put in the hands of an attorney; and all persons having claims against the said Thomas White, previous to his discharge, under the act of insolvency, are required immediately to present their accounts, properly attested, to Thomas White, or to JOHN LOVETT, Assignee. New-York, October 16, 1787. 37—t. th. 3m. To be sold at this PRINTING-OFFICE, BLANKS of all Sorts.