The national intelligencer and Washington advertiser. (Washington City [D.C.]), 1801-06-03 00:00:00

The National Intelligencer,
AND WASHINGTON ADVERTISER.
VOL. I. WASHINGTON CITY, PRINTED BY SAMUEL HARRISON SMITH, NEW-JERSEY AVENUE, NEAR THE CAPITOL.
No. XCII.
FIVE DOLLS. PER ANN.
WEDNESDAY, JUNE 3d, 1801.
PAID IN ADVANCE
The following interesting extracts on NEUTRAL RIGHTS are taken from a work lately published at Paris, entitled "De L'Etat de la France a la fin de l'an VIII." or the situation of France at the close of the 8th year of the Republic—said to be written by a person in an official situation, and to have been submitted, previous to its appearance, to the council of state. From these considerations, independent of the intrinsic merit of the performance, it is deserving of attention, as an exposition of the general views of the French Government.
"I HAVE already noticed the maritime superiority of England; this superiority has given to that power an opportunity of bringing forward pretensions which the relative weakness of neutral states has almost enabled her to establish as rights. The result of this has been two distinct maritime codes—one of which is the code of every other nation, the other that of England only. The general maritime right of nations demands, in time of war, an unlimited freedom of navigation for neutral powers. This general rule being once established and well guaranteed, there would result a broad system of moderation and reciprocity in commerce, which (finding a perfect security in the territories and under the flag of neutral states) would there unfold all its powers, fix the centre of exchange, concentrate all the springs of general reproduction; and would preserve inviolate all the elements of industry, until the moment when peace should restore that harmony of commercial intercourse which unites all nations. But this object of public right has never been realized, it still remains among the theories on which philosophers delight to meditate, and which politicians hesitate but little to overturn. Neutral states cannot reproach France, as she, of all the maritime powers, has the least sought at any time to harass the commerce of nations with which she is at peace. France has been the first to propose that neutral navigation should be forever liberated from every species of restraint. That all cruising against trading vessels should be abolished. That commerce, with all its agents and relative advantages, should be privileged and protected under every possible circumstance from the violence of war. Every thing that I have said in relation to commerce, its grand and general extension, shews how intimately the politics of France are naturally connected with the independence and the prosperity of all other nations; for, at the period when this liberal proposal was brought forward by France, she was by no means in a situation which allowed her to regulate her measures by the principles of deliberate policy: she acted from the impulse of the national character more than from the judgment of those who held the reins of government."
"But it has fared with this as with all other wishes which have been hitherto formed by public morality or natural justice, to ensure protection to weakness against violence, and to industry against ambition. These wishes abound in all the writings of the professors of public law; they are read and approved; they are even sanctioned by liberal stipulations in some modern treaties; but England has adopted a different theory, and this theory, at first established by means of her maritime superiority, is now become a right founded on usage, her pretensions, and the general compliance of other states."
"From this right it results, first, that cruising against trading vessels, and the barbarous code upon which this absurd mode of warfare is founded, are the indispensable consequences of all the wars between England and the maritime powers of the Continent."
"Secondly, That England arrogates to herself, in every war, the right of harassing neutral trade; of attacking the commercial intercourse of every country trading with the power with which she is at war; and of intimidating those governments who wish to enjoy the rights of neutrality (and whose duty it is to maintain at every risk, the commerce of their coun-
try in the entire freedom of that intercourse) that the nations at war with England find themselves under the necessity of foregoing the rights of neutrality, and of considering the liberty of trading uninterruptedly with England alone, as the exclusive privilege of that power; the same attempt with any other nation being considered by her as an act of hostility on the part of the neutral power."
"Thirdly, The commerce of neutrals, in time of war, becomes subject to a foreign jurisdiction, arbitrary and of course illegal. Their merchants are amenable to a variety of military tribunals, which, although they are declared to be founded for the simple purpose of deciding on the legality or illegality of certain acts of hostility, present, nevertheless, the idea of the usurpation by a single nation, of a right which ought to be common to all, and a forced acquiescence of every power at peace in the will of a power at war."
"Fourthly, That nothing relative to the rights or to the obligations of neutrals, is defined: that a simple act of government, a letter from the king of England to his admirals, is sufficient to overturn in an instant the general rights of navigation; that even the meaning of words is changed; that sometimes one article, sometimes another, is declared contraband; that a particular port is blockaded, even while no exterior force is able to prevent ships from entering it; and that by a written declaration, an entire country, a thousand leagues of coast, is put into a state of blockade like a single town."
"Fifthly, That neutrals are now accustomed to consider war as an evil, which by the arbitrary proceeding of one or other of the belligerent powers, prevents all intercourse with the other; that they are afraid to expose themselves to the resentment of the most powerful; and therefore are most submissive in their concessions to that nation which is the most extravagant in its demands; that their commerce is limited by constraint, and their government degraded by such acts of compliance and concession."
"Sixthly, That the vessels of the belligerent powers seek not so much the glory of conquest, as the profit of capture; they cruise less to protect their own commerce than to harass that of neutral powers; and the nations at war look forward to naval victories, not only as the means of establishing their relative superiority, but with the view of enabling them to dictate upon the ocean, as a conquered province; that the pretension of the superiority of their flag is carried to the most remote quarter of the globe, and is maintained wherever resistance is not made to it; that they even deny to the armed vessels of neutral states, the right of conveying their merchant vessels, and to sovereigns the right of opening their ports, as an asylum to foreign vessels, or of defending, by their batteries, those who have placed themselves under their protection."
"Seventhly, That the harbours of the Belligerent Powers are filled with the seamen of all countries, detained either on suspicion or pretext of being subjects of a hostile nation; that these unfortunate men, induced by wretchedness or forced by violence, allow themselves to be enrolled in the service of a power at war, and are thus obliged to give their assistance in running and oppressing the commerce of their native country, and in compelling, or enforcing their fellow citizens, to enter the same service; that at this moment there are more than forty thousand neutral seamen under the British flag, exposed without reason, without advantage, and without honour, to all the hazard of war."
"Eighthly, That Commerce finding there is no longer security in good faith, and having nothing to expect on the part of Neutral Governments but an indolent, precarious, and insufficient protection, is obliged to look for safety in stratagem. Hence the assumption of different colours, of false papers, invoices and consignment, has become a practice sanctioned by custom, which instills into the moral habits of a profession which all others cannot exist without
honesty, the deadly poison of a system of falsehood and fraud."
"Commerce is degraded by the open exercise of those shameful subterfuges, and is disgraced by their success, and that a Maritime War of consequence becomes to those who are engaged in it a school for rapacity and plunder, and to those who are exposed to suffer by it, that of baseness, imposture, and treachery."
"Such is the substance of the maritime law, to which every nation in Europe (England by her acts, and the rest by their forbearance) have given their sanction, and for the reform of which, France demands the attention of every nation, and invokes the wisdom of every Government. I have called this law the maritime law of England because it has arisen out of the naval wars of the present century; and because all the naval wars, during the course of it, have been excited, maintained, directed, and prolonged by England. The advantages which England has derived from the exercise of this right, are the strongest proofs of its having been imposed by that Power upon the commerce of all other nations. The difficulties which present themselves in an attempt to reform this code of oppression and barbarity, leave no doubt of its origin; for the dread inspired by England, and the efforts which there is too much reason to expect to preserve it, are the only obstacles to the establishment of a system of public law consistent with the true principles of trade and navigation, and equally applicable to the situation of every Power."
"By a reference to what I have already observed relative to the influence of maritime commerce on the trade of the Continent, and to that of commercial relations on those of politics, we must immediately be sensible of the great importance of establishing a general code of maritime law. The defects of the present European system, owe their origin to the abuses which I have exposed; they can only be remedied by a reform of these abuses."
"France has been the first to propose this reform to all other nations interested in its success; at the commencement of the present war, she proposed the only measure which could relieve commerce from its fetters, and neutral Powers from their state of slavery. Since that period, France, harassed by the evils of her situation, exasperated by the animosity of her enemies, distressed by the indifference of those who ought to assist her, and irritated by the partiality of those who ought at least to have remained neutral in the struggle, in which she was engaged, did not feel herself warranted in supporting a system of moderation which, in the critical state of her affairs, would have bordered upon folly. She, in her turn, began to impose severe laws, and thereby contributed to the losses of neutrals and the general destruction of commerce. I do not mean at all to justify a fault which she has had the glory to acknowledge, and the merit of repairing: a fault which resulted from a general error and from the ignorance in which France, as well as the whole of Europe, remained for a long time, as to the true principles of public power and the proper application of the rules of public law. But since a more serene day has dawned upon the destiny of France, since Frenchmen have felt how great an accession of force is to be gained by conciliation, and of energy, by submitting to a vigorous and wise Government, the first result of the union of domestic interests has been a general disposition of confidence and liberality towards other Powers. The same sentiments of cordiality and sincerity, which induced factions to dissolve, and all good citizens to unite, have enabled us to reduce to their true value, and to see in their proper light, the causes of jealousy, heart-burning and external irritation. Our general relations with Foreign Powers have felt the benefit of the harmony of our interior situation. Our allies have been invited to a connection founded upon more liberal sentiments; neutrality has been released from its heaviest fetters; the barbarous code of naval war has been softened, and every nation must have perceived, that the French Government, in
deviating from the common line of conduct, has manifested a brighter example of generosity and justice, in proportion as her means of offence have acquired strength, and those of defence, have been increased."
"France has hitherto done every thing in her power to establish a maritime code. She was the first to feel the necessity of beginning this noble work, but not being of herself able to abolish the general practice of cruising against trading vessels, she has done all that depended upon her, with a view to this object. She has reformed her own regulations on the subject; and has rendered them subservient to the principles of modern neutrality which hitherto existed in theory only: Her maritime regulations, and the engagements she is on the point of contracting with the United States, are the best proofs of her respect for the commercial nations, and of her wishes that they may at length feel the necessity of breaking the fetters which shackle their industry: but as nothing could be more foolish than to undertake to emancipate a people not possessed of discernment sufficient to feel the full value of liberty and of the necessary spirit to acquire that blessing, so it would be equally absurd to break the yoke by which trade and navigation are oppressed, if the various Governments looking forward to the advantages of the new system, are at the same time deficient in courage or judgment, and are unwilling to contribute their assistance to secure their own independence. The Neutral Powers, then, and those States who, at this moment, are fighting for a cause inimical to their own interest, ought to consider better of the conduct it would become them to pursue for the maintenance and preservation of their rights and their interest. I refer them for details to the five measures which I have pointed out in the preceding chapter."
"What I have said upon this subject is of much importance, and the truth of it might be placed in so many different views, that I might, without danger of repetition, dwell at considerable length on the discussion of the motives which ought to determine the different Governments to adopt these principles of conduct, as the foundation by which their rights should be regulated; but that excessive distrust of the judgment of the men in whose hands are the fate of nations, must no longer be suffered to prevail. Disorganization is now arrived at such a pitch, that every possible evil becomes an impending danger; the dangers of the future are converted into real and present evils; and the feeling for what Governments and Nations may have still to suffer (embarrassing every thing which may be an object of detriment or inquiry) no longer leaves room for foresight or calculation. The present war has acquired a peculiar character of exaggeration and violence.—It has exemplified, in a very remarkable degree, the character and the principles of all existing Governments. Those which were powerful, have explained without reserve, the object to which their ambition aspired; those inclined to domineer, have displayed all their arrogance; the weaker Governments have shown how far they could carry their condescension; and it may be said, that from the evils which have been produced by insatiable avarice on the one hand, and by the greatest degree of weakness on the other, there has resulted, at least to all the Maritime States, the advantage of understanding the whole source, extent, and consequence, of the oppression under which they suffer, and that of feeling the indispensable necessity of changing their situation."
(To be continued.)
TO BE RENTED,
THE store lately in the tenure of Doctor Galsbap and Co. Its situation for business is preferable to any other in the City, being on the Pennsylvania Avenue, between the President's House and the Capitol, and within a few yards of the spot on which is to be immediately erected the market house.
JOSIAS W. KING. At the Capitol.
May 29, 1801.
epk

PROPOSALS
For carrying the MAILS of the United States on the following routes, will be received at the General Post-Office in Washington City, until the 15th day of July next inclusive.
74. (a) From Hudson to Catskill twice a week. Leave Catskill every Tuesday and Friday at 9 a m, and arrive at Hudson by 10 a m. Leave Hudson every Tuesday and Friday at 1 p m, and arrive at Catskill by 2 p m.
75. From Newburg by New Windsor, Goshen, Warwick, Hamburg N. J. New town N. J. Johnsonburg N. J. Hope N. J. Belvidere N. J. and Easton Penn. to Bethlehem P. once a week. Leave Newburg every Tuesday at 6 a m arrive at Newtown on Wednesday by noon, arrive at Easton on Thursday 6 P M. Leave Easton Friday 6 a m and arrive at Bethlehem by 8 a m. Returning, Leave Bethlehem at 11 a m on Friday arrive at Easton by 1 P M at Newtown N. J. on Saturday by 1 P M. Leave Newtown at 2 P M and arrive at Goshen on Monday at 6 A M and at Newburg by noon.
NEW JERSEY.
76. From Newark by Chatham, Morristown, Boonetown, Rockaway and Sparta to Newtown to return by Johnsonburg, Hackettstown, Mendon, Morristown and Chatham to Newark once a week. Leave Newark on Friday at 6 A M and arrive at Newtown by 1 P M on Saturday. Returning, Leave Newtown every Wednesday at 2 P M and arrive at Newark on Thursday by 6 P M.
77. From Trenton by Allentown, Monmouth C. H. Shrewsbury, Middletown point, Spottwood, New Brunswick, Somerset C. H. Pluckemin, Rariton and New Germantown to Pittston once a week. Leave Trenton every Monday at noon and arrive at Pittston the next Thursday by 10 A M. Returning, Leave Pittston every Thursday at 2 P M and arrive at Trenton the next Monday by 9 A M.
78. From Trenton by Pennington, Flemington, Pittston and Alexandria to Plumstead P. once a week. Leave Plumstead every Thursday at 6 A M arrive at Pittston by noon, and at Trenton on Friday by 10 A M. Returning, Leave Trenton on Friday at 2 P M arrive at Pittston on Saturday noon, and at Plumstead by 7 P M.
79. From Philadelphia by Haddonfield, Taunton and Atson to Tuckerton once in two weeks. Leave Philadelphia every other Wednesday at 4 P M and arrive at Tuckerton on Thursday by 8 P M. Returning, Leave Tuckerton every other Tuesday at 3 A M and arrive at Philadelphia on Wednesday by 8 A M.
80. From Philadelphia P. by Gloucester, Woodbury, Swedesboro, Woodstown and Salem to Bridgetown once a week. Leave Philadelphia every Wednesday at 3 P M and arrive at Bridgetown on Friday by 2 P M. Leave Bridgetown every Saturday at 6 A M and arrive at Salem by noon. Leave Salem every Tuesday at 6 A M and arrive at Philadelphia on Wednesday by 8 A M.
PENNSYLVANIA.
81. From Philadelphia by Jenlinton, Doylestown, Plumstead, Easton, Hellers, Shupelsville and Lehigh to Wilkesbarre once a week. Leave Philadelphia every Wednesday at 4 P M arrive at Plumstead on Thursday by 1 P M and at Easton by 6 P M. Leave Easton on Friday at 5 A M and arrive at Wilkesbarre on Saturday by 2 P M. Returning, Leave Wilkesbarre every Sunday at 6 A M arrive at Easton on Monday 1 P M. Leave Easton at 3 P M arrive at Plumstead on Tuesday by noon and at Philadelphia on Wednesday by 8 A M.
82. From Philadelphia by Germantown, Norristown, Trap, Pottsgrove, Reading, Hamburg and Sunbury to Northumberland once a week. Leave Philadelphia every Wednesday at 4 P M arrive at Reading on Thursday by 6 P M. Leave Reading on Friday at 6 A M and arrive at Northumberland on Saturday by 2 P M. Returning, Leave Northumberland every Sunday at 6 A M arrive at Reading on Monday by 6 P M. Leave Reading on Tuesday at 6 A M and arrive at Philadelphia on Wednesday by 8 A M.
83. From Northumberland by Milton and Muncey to Williamsport once a week. Leave Williamsport every Saturday at 6 a m, and arrive at Northumberland by 6 P M. Leave Northumberland every Monday at 6 a m, and arrive at Williamsport by 6 P M.
84. From Northumberland by Lewisburg, Mifflinburg, Aaronburg, Milesburg, and Bellefont to Centrefurnace once a week. Leave Northumberland every Mon-
day at 6 a m, and arrive at Centrefurnace the next day by 3 P M. Leave Centrefurnace every Wednesday by 6 a m, and arrive at Northumberland on Thursday by 6 P M.
85. From Reading by Womelsdorf, Lebanon, Hummelstown, Harrisburg, Carlisle, Shippensburg, and Strauburg to Chambersburg once a week. Leave Reading every Friday at 6 a m, arrive at Harrisburg on Saturday at 10 a m. Leave Harrisburg at noon and arrive at Carlisle by 4 P M. Leave Carlisle on Monday at 6 a m, and arrive at Chambersburg by 6 P M. Leave Chambersburg on Tuesday at 8 a m, arrive at Carlisle by 7 P M. at Harrisburg on Wednesday by 10 a m. Leave Harrisburg at noon and arrive at Reading on Thursday by 5 P M.
86. From Philadelphia by Downingtown to Lancaster three times a week. Leave Philadelphia every Monday, Wednesday and Saturday at 6 a m, and arrive at Lancaster same days by 6 P M. Leave Lancaster every Monday, Thursday and Saturday at 6 a m, and arrive at Philadelphia the same days by 6 P M.
87. From Lancaster by Columbia, York, Berlin and Franklin to Chambersburg twice a week. Leave Lancaster every Thursday and Sunday at 4 a m, arrive at York by 10 a m, and at Chambersburg on Friday and Monday at 2 P M. Returning, Leave Chambersburg on Saturday and Tuesday by 8 a m, and arrive at York on Sunday and Wednesday by noon, leave York at 2 P M, and arrive at Lancaster same days by 7 P M.
88. From Carlisle by York to Baltimore once a week. Leave Carlisle every Monday at 2 P M, and arrive at York on Tuesday by 10 a m. Leave York every Wednesday 6 a m, and arrive at Baltimore more on Thursday by 10 a m. Returning, Leave Baltimore on Friday at 10 a m, and arrive at York on Saturday by 3 P M. Leave York on Sunday at noon, and arrive at Carlisle on Monday by 10 a m.
89. From Chambersburg by McConnells town (Great Cove) Bedford, Somerset, Donegal, Greensburg, Versailles, Pittsburg, and Cannonburg to Washington twice a week. Leave Chambersburg every Tuesday and Saturday at 4 a m, arrive at Somerset on Wednesday and Sunday by 4 P M. Leave Somerset at 5 P M, and arrive at Pittsburg on Friday and Tuesday at 5 a m, and at Washington same days by 10 a m. Returning, Leave Washington every Friday and Tuesday by 2 P M, arrive at Pittsburg by 7 P M, and at Somerset on Sunday and Thursday at 8 a m. Leave Somerset at 9 a m, and arrive at Chambersburg on Monday and Friday by 5 P M.
90. From Somerset by Connellsville, Union and New Geneva to Morgantown Va. once a week. Leave Somerset every Wednesday at 6 a m, and arrive at Morgantown on Friday by 10 a m. Returning, Leave Morgantown every Friday at 2 P M, and arrive at Somerset on Saturday by 8 P M.
91. From Washington by Brownsville to Union once a week. Leave Union on Friday at 5 a m, and arrive at Washington by 4 P M. Leave Washington on Saturday at 6 a m, and arrive at Union by 6 P M. Contract for one year only.
91. (a) From Bristol, Pa. to Burlington, N. J. 6 times a week. Leave Bristol every day, Sunday excepted, at 4 P M, and arrive at Burlington in half an hour. Leave Burlington every day, Sunday excepted, at 6 P M, and arrive at Bristol in half an hour.
91. (b) From Wilkesbarre by Plymouth, Shickeshiny and Salem, to Berwick Penn. once a week. Leave Wilkesbarre every Monday at 6 a m and arrive at Berwick by 3 P M. Leave Berwick every Monday at 6 P M and arrive at Wilkesbarre on Tuesday by 3 P M. Contract for one year.
91. (c) From Harrisburg by Halifax to Sunbury once a week. Leave Harrisburg every Wednesday at 5 a m and arrive at Sunbury on Thursday by 10 a m. Leave Sunbury every Thursday at 2 P M and arrive at Harrisburg on Friday by 6 P M. Contract for one year.
NORTH W. TERRITORY.
92. From Pittsburg Pa. by Georgetown and Canfield to Warren, once in two weeks. Leave Pittsburg every other Wednesday at 2 P M, and arrive at Warren the next Friday by 7 P M. Leave Warren every other Monday at 6 a m, and arrive at Pittsburg by 10 a m. Contract to continue for two years.
93. From Washington Pa. by Brooke c. h. Va. Wheeling Va. Zanesville N. T. and Hockhocking to Chilicotha twice a week. Leave Washington Pa. every Tuesday and Friday at 2 P M, and arrive at Chilicotha the next Friday and Monday by 7 P M. Returning, Leave Chilicotha every Saturday and Tuesday at 4 a m, and
arrive at Washington the next Tuesday and Friday at 10 a m.
94. From Zanesville to Marietta once a week. Leave Marietta every Wednesday at 5 a m, and arrive at Zanesville on Thursday by 10 a m. Leave Zanesville every Thursday at 2 P M, and arrive at Marietta on Friday by 7 P M.
95. From Chilicotha by Manchester, Mayville Ky. Washington K. Paris K. Lexington K. and Versailles K. to Frankfort K. twice a week. Leave Chilicotha every Tuesday and Saturday at 5 a m, arrive at Washington on Wednesday and Sunday by 11 a m. Leave Washington the same days at 3 P M, arrive at Lexington Thursday and Monday at 3 P M, and at Frankfort on Friday and Tuesday at 9 a m. Returning, Leave Frankfort every Friday and Tuesday at 3 P M, arrive at Washington Saturday and Wednesday by 3 P M. Leave Washington same day at 5 P M, and arrive at Chilicotha the next Monday and Friday by 7 P M.
96. From Washington K. by Augusta to Cincinnati, once a week. Leave Washington every Wednesday at 3 P M, and arrive at Cincinnati on Friday by 9 a m. Leave Cincinnati every Friday at 3 P M, and arrive at Washington the next Sunday by 8 a m.
97. From Chilicotha by Upper Sandusky, Miami Rapids and Frenchtown on Reason River to Detroit, supposed to be 165 miles, once in two weeks. Leave Chilicotha every other Tuesday at 8 a m, and arrive at Detroit the next Saturday by noon. Returning, Leave Detroit every other Sunday at 6 a m, and arrive at Chilicotha the next Thursday by 3 P M. Contract to continue two years.
98. From Louisville K. to Vincennes once a week. Leave Louisville every Tuesday at 8 a m, and arrive at Vincennes on Thursday by 6 P M. Returning, Leave Vincennes every Saturday at 6 a m, and arrive at Louisville the next Monday by 6 P M. Contract to continue two years.
99. From Vincennes by Kaskaskia to Kahokia once in two weeks. Leave Vincennes every other Friday at 2 P M, and arrive at Kahokia the next Monday by 4 P M. Returning, Leave Kahokia every other Monday at 8 a m, and arrive at Vincennes the next Friday by 10 a m. Contract to continue two years.
IN KENTUCKY.
100. From Frankfort by Harrodsburg, Danville, Beardstown, Springfield and Shepherdsville to Louisville once a week. Leave Frankfort every Friday at 2 P M, arrive at Danville on Saturday noon at Beardstown on Sunday at 2 P M, and at Louisville on Monday at 4 P M. Returning, Leave Louisville every Tuesday at 8 a m, arrive at Beardstown on Wednesday by 8 a m, at Danville on Thursday by 10 a m, and at Frankfort on Friday by 10 a m.
101. From Eddyville by Smithland to Fort Massac once in two weeks. Leave Eddyville every other Tuesday at 6 a m, and arrive at Fort Massac on Wednesday at 10 a m. Leave Fort Massac every other Wednesday at 2 P M, and arrive at Eddyville on Thursday by 6 P M. Contract to continue 1 year.
MISSISSIPPI TERRITORY.
102. From Natchez to Loftus Heights in Miss. Ter. once in two weeks. Leave Natchez every other Monday at 8 a m, and arrive at Loftus Heights on Tuesday by 10 a m. Leave Loftus Heights every other Tuesday at 2 P M, and arrive at Natchez on Wednesday by 6 P M. Contract to continue 2 years, and proposals to be sent to Mr. John Steele at Natchez.
IN DELAWARE.
103. From Georgetown by Concord and Laurel to Salisbury Md. once a week. Leave George-town every Wednesday at 6 a m, and arrive at Salisbury by 6 P M. Leave Salisbury every Thursday at 6 a m, and arrive at Georgetown by 6 P M. Contract to continue 2 years.
IN MARYLAND.
104. From Annapolis by Sharktown to Centreville once a week. Leave Annapolis every Friday at 9 a m, and arrive at Centreville by 5 P M. Leave Centreville every Monday at 9 a m, and arrive at Annapolis by 5 P M.
105. From Annapolis by Haddaways to Easton once a week. Leave Annapolis every Friday at 6 a m, and arrive at Easton by 6 P M. Leave Easton every Wednesday at 6 a m, and arrive at Annapolis by 5 P M. Contract to continue 2 years.
106. From Elkton by Warwick to Greensboro once a week. Leave Elkton every Wednesday at 6 a m, and arrive at Greensboro by 6 P M. Leave Greensboro every Thursday at 6 a m, and arrive at Elkton by 6 P M. Contract to continue 2 years.
107. From Washington City by Hubbs and Brookville to Taneyton once a week. Leave Washington every Wednesday at 6 a m, and arrive at Taneyton on Thursday by 6 P M. Leave Taneyton every Friday at 6 a m, and arrive at Washington on Saturday by 6 P M. Contract to continue 2 years.
108. From Washington City to Wiley'sville Va. once a week. Leave Washington every Sunday at 8 a m, and arrive at Wiley'sville by 11 a m. Returning, Leave Wiley'sville every Saturday at 1 P M, and arrive at Washington by 3 P M. Contract to continue 6 months.
IN VIRGINIA.
109. From Morgantown by Petty John and Clarksburg to Marietta N. T. once a week. Leave Morgantown every Friday at 2 P M, and arrive at Marietta the next Monday by 3 P M. Returning, Leave Marietta every Tuesday at 9 a m, and arrive at Morgantown on Friday by 7 a m. Contract to continue 2 years.
110. From Romney to Morgantown once a week. Leave Romney every Friday at 10 a m, and arrive at Morgantown on Sunday by 4 P M. Returning, Leave Morgantown every Monday at 10 a m, and arrive at Romney the next Wednesday by 2 P M. The contract for this route to expire the 31st March 1802.
111. From Alexandria by Thomas's ferry to Piscataway once a week. Leave Alexandria every Saturday at 2 P M, and arrive at Piscataway by 6 P M. Leave Piscataway every Saturday at 6 a m, and arrive at Alexandria by 10 a m. Contract to continue 2 years.
112. From Bowling Green by Broadus's Mill, Harrisons and Dunkirk to New Kent c. h. once a week. Leave Bowling Green every Monday at 6 a m, and arrive at New Kent on Tuesday at 10 a m. Leave New Kent on Tuesday at 2 P M, and arrive at Bowling Green on Wednesday by 6 P M. Contract to continue 2 years.
113. From Richmond to Charles City c. h. once a week. Leave Richmond every Tuesday at 2 P M, and arrive at Charles City c. h. on Wednesday by 6 P M. Leave Charles City c. h. on Monday at 8 a m, and arrive at Richmond on Tuesday by 10 a m. Contract to continue 2 years.
114. From Petersburg by Suffolk c. h. to Jerusalem once a week. Leave Petersburg every Thursday at 2 P M, and arrive at Jerusalem by 6 P M. Leave Jerusalem every Wednesday at 6 a m, and arrive at Petersburg on Thursday by 10 a m. Contract to continue 2 years.
IN SOUTH CAROLINA.
115. From Charlotte N. C. to York c. h. S. C. once a week. Leave Charlotte every Monday at 6 a m, and arrive at York by 6 P M. Leave York every Sunday at 6 a m, and arrive at Charlotte by 6 P M. Contract to continue 2 years.
NOTES.
Note 1. The Postmaster General may alter the times of arrival & departure at any time during the continuance of the contracts, he previously stipulating an adequate compensation for any extra expense that may be occasioned thereby.
Note 2. Fifteen minutes shall be allowed for opening and closing the mail at all offices where no particular time is specified.
Note 3. For every thirty minutes delay (unavoidable accidents excepted) in arriving after the times prescribed in any contracts, the contractor shall forfeit one dollar; and if the delay continue until the departure of any depending mail, whereby the mails destined for such depending mail lose a trip, an additional forfeiture of 5 dollars shall be incurred.
Note 4. Newspapers as well as letters are to be sent in the mails: and if any person, making proposals, desires to carry newspapers other than those conveyed in the mail, for his own emolument, he must state in his proposals, for what sum he will carry it with that emolument and for what sum without that emolument.
Note 5. Should any person, making proposals, desire an alteration of the times of arrival and departure above specified, he must state in his proposals, the alterations desired, and the difference they will make in the terms of his contract.
Note 6. Persons making proposals are desired to state their prices by the year. Those who contract will receive their pay quarterly, in the month of August, November, February and May, one month after the expiration of each quarter.
Note 7. The contracts for the above routes are to be in operation on the first day of October next, and to continue in force until the 1st October 1805, excepting such routes as have a particular note respecting the continuance of the contract.
JOSEPH HABERSHAM, Postmaster General.
GENERAL POST-OFFICE, WASHINGTON CITY, April 27, 1801.

WEDNESDAY, JUNE 3, 1801.
The First Consul, having learnt, from our public papers, that Mr. Fox proposes to write and publish a history of England, has written him a very flattering letter, in which, after having loaded him with encomiums on his talents and his patriotism, he makes him an offer of all the papers which France can furnish towards the execution of his plan.
London paper.
The commander in chief of the Bahama Islands, on the 1st ult. issued a proclamation prohibiting, as an article of commerce, the exportation of turtle from those islands on account of the scarcity of fresh provisions.
From the Scioto (N. W. Ter.) Gazette.
A report has been current for several days, and which we fear is too well founded, that a small squadron of British frigates had blockaded the port of Orleans; that the price of flour had fallen from 15 dollars to 5 dollars; and that those who had taken down large quantities in expectation of an immediate sale, had been obliged to store it.
A new vessel built at Marietta, having on board 800 barrels of flour, &c. &c. left that place last week, and is now going down the Ohio, bound to the West Indies, but in consequence of the blockade, will be detained at Orleans.
Thus are the prospects of the enterprising citizens of the western country blasted in the bud—their only avenue to a foreign market obstructed.
Under the London head of April 14 we find the following paragraph.
"Gautheume has returned to Toulon. Our readers remember that he touched at Toulon to receive naval and military reinforcements, and failed on the 17th ult. His look-out frigates, however, despatching Sir John Borlace Warren's squadron, which had been reinforced by two ships of the line at Minorca, the French Admiral returned on the 19th to Toulon, where he is now blockaded."
A New-Providence paper of the 6th inst. received at the office of the Mercantile Advertiser last evening says, that "on the 11th ult. a squadron of the British channel fleet, consisting of 6 sail of the line and 1 frigate, under the command rear Admiral Calder, arrived at Port Royal in Jamaica, having been detached in quest of the French squadron that escaped out of Brest. In the passage out they touched at Teneriffe and also looked into the enemy's possessions in the windward islands and at Cape Francois, but saw nothing of them."
New-York paper.
The progress already made in completing the canal and locks at the Great Falls of Potomak, gives the best reason to believe, that these works, on which so much labor and expense have been bestowed, will answer the purpose for which they were commenced.
Where the lower end of the canal is to communicate with the river, the channel is already cut through the rocks nearly or quite to its proper depth, and a person walking on its bottom sees on each side of him a solid mass of stone rising 40 or 50 feet in height. The excavation still to be made is comparatively small and the other part of the work is also proceeding.
The Great Falls afford at one point a truly sublime spectacle. The hurried river, the rocky spouts which pour down it, and the coloured bow bent over the dashing floods of foam, strike the spectator with mingled pleasure and awe. Yet it is probable that next season, the produce of the fertile country above will pass by the side of these falls without danger, difficulty, or delay, and be borne into this district, to be thence conveyed to foreign climes.
Geo. T. Museum.
THEATRE—London.
KING'S THEATRE.—A new serious Opera, entitled Alzira , composed here by Bianchi, and which has been looked for by the amateurs with anxious expectation, was produced on Saturday evening to the most crowded and brilliant audience of the season. The Opera justified the expectations of the connoisseurs. In no instance has Bianchi so eminently succeeded in rousing the passions and in agitating
the heart. The chorusses have the sublimity of Handel, and the airs are as beautiful in melody as in science. One air in particular by Banti produced, from the novelty of the idea, the emotion, and the skill, both of composition, and performance, the most rapturous effect. It displays all her volume of voice, unaccompanied at intervals by the Orchestra; the richness of its variety and pathos enchanted the Theatre, who called for it again by an universal burst. The scenes and decorations are in very grand style. The perspective is managed with masterly art, and gives depth and distance to the stage, which is perfect illusion. It is a matter of pride to see so Grand an Opera in all its parts, the production of our native soil.
ROUSSEAU'S LAST SECRET
(From the Hamburgischen Correspondent of May 1800.)
"The French Citizen NEUFCHATEAU, (under the title of conservateur) has this day published a little work in two volumes, composed of literary and political scraps, among which is the following letter from the well known JEAN JACQUES ROUSSEAU, to the Lady Marshal of Luxembourg."
"How much have I not to communicate ere I leave you! But time presses hard upon me, I must make my confession short, and entrust your noble heart with my last secret. Know then, that for fifteen years I had cohabited with a poor girl, whose service became necessary to my habits of life. I afterwards loved her as a sister, nor is my fondness for her at all diminished. Yet, without you, Madame, I must leave her in a helpless condition, and thus render my latter moments intolerable. From this connection have sprung five children, all of whom were sent to the Foundling Hospital, but with so little care that it may be difficult to find them again, for I had even neglected to mark the periods of their birth; a consciousness of this negligence has for some years interrupted my tranquility, and I lament it when it is too late, to mine and their mother's great sorrow. I had merely set a particular mark on the linen of the eldest, a duplicate of which has been preserved; that child must have been born in the winter of 1746 or 1747, or thereabouts. This is all I know."
"JEAN JACQUES ROUSSEAU."
NEW YORK, May 29—1801.
A gentleman who arrived here yesterday in the sch'r Republican, Capt. Marsh, from New-Providence, has communicated to us the following interesting particulars.
He informs that about five years since, among a number of other slaves, one, who stiled himself King Caesar,* was brought to that place from Africa, and sold to a Planter. Shortly after the sale, King Caesar, spurning the idea of slavery, took to the wood, where, from his superior abilities, he became Chief of all the blacks, who had from time to time, run away from the plantations. There King Caesar erected fortifications, constructed dens, and other hiding places, and places of defence; and for about four years, has headed a banditti, and frequently committed depredations on the plantations adjacent to the woods. At length, on the representations of those who had been aggrieved, the Governor of the Bahama issued a proclamation, granting a free pardon to all who would leave the woods, and return to their owners; offering, at the same time, a reward of one thousand Dollars, for KING CAESAR, dead or alive.
This had the desired effect; for, on Saturday night the 9th inst. King Caesar was way-laid by a negro belonging to Dr. Cockly, of Nassau, and shot dead on his way to one of the plantations, where, no doubt he was going for the purpose of plundering, &c. The next day the Corpse of King Caesar was bro't into Nassau, amidst the joy of some, and regret of others, who esteemed the man for his uncommon intrepidity and dignified deportment. Scarcely any event, it is said, ever excited more interest at New-Providence, than the death of this man. He was about 45 years of age, and a man of genteel address. His death entirely disconcerted those over whom he presided, and it is expected most of them will return to their former owners.
Since King Caesar's death, his camps and dens have been examined; and, what is very extraordinary, large volumes of manuscripts, in a character which we are unacquainted with, have been found, and bro't into Nassau. Drawing of his encampments, Fortifications, &c. were also discovered in his hut, which has excited the astonishment of all who have seen them. The gentleman to whom we are indebted
for these particulars, has indulged us with the loan of a sheet of the above manuscript, and if there is any one in the city capable of decyphering it, we would thank him to call at the office of this Gazette. The characters are very similar to that of the Chinese.
* It appears that he possessed the Sovereign Power over a nation in Africa and was captured by a neighbouring Prince, in an engagement which took place between them and afterwards sold to the captain of a vessel engaged in the Slave trade.
HANOVER, April 6.
The following is the Convention concluded on the 3d of this month, between our regency and the envoys of his majesty the king of Prussia:
His majesty the king of Prussia having caused to be communicated to us, by the count de Schulembourg, general of cavalry, minister of state, of war, and of the cabinet, and his envoy here, a declaration, written and dated at Berlin, on the 30th of March, 1801, respecting the measures which his said majesty has resolved to pursue in regard to the German states belonging to his majesty the king of Great Britain and Ireland, our most gracious sovereign, in his quality of elector of Brunswick and Lunenbourg—his Prussian majesty having besides invited us repeatedly, and in a positive manner, to conform to the present circumstances, to enter without delay into the new engagements which he has proposed, and for that purpose to draw up a convention in the most obligatory form, otherwise his said majesty would find himself obliged to treat in a hostile manner, the German states of the king, our most gracious sovereign, we have, agreeably to circumstances, promised and declared as follows:
The entrance of the Prussian troops into the German states of his Britannic majesty shall take place without their experiencing any resistance, in the hopes, however, that the number will be diminished as much as possible, to ease the country and the inhabitants. They shall consequently observe in their full extent all the ordinances and dispositions of his Prussian majesty, both in regard to the entry of his troops and to the Electoral states. The Hanoverian troops, which have hitherto been employed in the army on the line of demarcation in the North of Germany, shall be disbanded, as well as a proportionate number of the other troops of the Electorate. The regency of this country, the commander in chief, and the different officers of these troops, shall engage not to employ the said troops, nor to suffer them to serve against his said Prussian majesty, but to make them strictly observe the royal ordinances, according to the different measures which it may be necessary to pursue. The said troops shall be distributed in the cities of Hanover, Lunebourg, Gifhorn, Welzen, and in the places and garrisons on the right of the Leine, on the left of the Aller, and behind the Lune, as far as the Elbe. All the other places without exception, comprehending the fortress of Hameln, shall be evacuated and delivered up to the Prussian troops. Particular measures shall be taken that all deliveries in kind shall be made by the said country of Hanover, dating from the 1st of May, this year. In regard to whatever concerns the administration of this State nothing shall be undertaken, nor shall be permitted to be undertaken, prejudicial to the present dispositions and engagements; on the contrary, the statutes and orders of the King, in regard to them, shall be punctually observed.
For these reasons, we here accept, in the most solemn manner, the supreme promise made by his Prussian Majesty, that of his Britannic Majesty, their ancient Constitution, their safety, and their repose; and that all their property and possessions shall be protected by every means possible.
Done at Hanover, the 3d April, 1801.
(Signed)
Count de Kilmannsegge, De Dechen, De Arnswaldt, De Walmsden, De Steinberg, Simborn, F. Marshal.
JOHN DUSKINS, who followed the occupation of waggoning, a short thick man, of a sandy complexion, has been two weeks missing from his family. It is supposed he has been murdered by a negro, who is apprehended and now in gaol upon suspicion of being the perpetrator; but as other reports have been raised, that he has been seen near Baltimore, any person that can give any intelligence respecting him it will be gratefully acknowledged by his wife.
ANN DUSKINS.
Washington City, June 1, 1801.
John Duskins, when he left home had on a grey great coat, a fustian coloured coarse waistcoat, a pair of blue cloth trowsers very much torn, an old hat broken in the crown and sewed
Marshal's Sale.
By virtue of a writ of Fieri Facias from the Circuit Court of the District of Columbia for the county of Washington, to me directed, will be exposed to public sale on SATURDAY the 13th instant, on the premises, for ready cash only,
All the right, title and interest of WALTER QUEEN to a Piece of LAND, called the "Enclosure," about three miles from the city of Washington, on the road leading to Bladensburg, containing 188 acres, more or less; taken to satisfy a debt due to Elizabeth Doyle, for the use of John Darnall.
The sale will begin at 11 o'clock A. M. DANIEL C. BRENT, June 3, 1801. epis Marshal.
Whereas a commission of bankruptcy is awarded and issued forth against JAMES LYON of George Town in the district of Columbia, and he being declared bankrupt, is hereby required to surrender himself to the commissioners in the said commission named, or the major part of them, on the 13th inst. at 5 o'clock in the afternoon, on the 24th inst. at 5 o'clock in the afternoon, and on the 15th day of July next, at 5 o'clock in the afternoon, at the house of Joseph Semmes in George Town, and make a full discovery and disclosure of his estate and effects, when and where the creditors are to come prepared to prove their debts, at the second sitting to choose assignees, and at the last sitting the said bankrupt is required to finish his examination; and the creditors are to assent to, or dissent from, the allowance of his certificate. All persons indebted to the said bankrupt, or who have any of his effects, are not to pay or deliver the same, but to whom the commission shall appoint, but give notice to
JOHN C. DENT, Clerk to the commission. 1W3W
June 3, 1801.
Circulating Library,
Opened this day (June 1,) first door west of President's Square, on Pennsylvania Avenue.
HAVING proposed to open a circulating library in the City of Washington, on the first day of June, and having received a liberal share of encouragement, and being now so circumstanced that I cannot conveniently carry that design into execution, I have relinquished the pursuit in favor of Richard Dinmore; in patronizing whom in this useful enterprise, my friends will confer an obligation on their humble servant,
JAMES LYON.
Washington City, May 20, 1801.
JAMES LYON, having contemplated the establishment of a circulating library in this city, and having subsequently relinquished the enterprise in my favor, I take the liberty of requesting the patronage of his subscribers, and the public in general, to an institution which I trust will prove equally instructive and entertaining to its patrons as beneficial to its proprietor.
R. DINMORE.
June 3, 1801.
NOTICE.
The state of the Subscriber's health compels him to quit his present business. His debtors are requested to settle their accounts on or before the 21st instant, to prevent the disagreeable necessity of resorting to law.
JAMES THOMPSON.
June 3, 1801.
3t
In Chancery, May 30, 1801.
BENJAMIN BOYD an insolvent debtor of Prince George County, makes application as a trader by petition to the chancellor in writing, praying the benefit of "an act for the relief of sundry insolvent debtors." There is annexed to his petition a schedule of his property and a list of his creditors on oath, as by the said act is required; and the chancellor being satisfied by competent testimony that the said Benjamin Boyd is, and was, at the time of passing the said act, a citizen of this state and of the United States:
It is thereupon adjudged and ordered that he appear before the chancellor in the chancery office on the twenty third day of December next, for the purpose of taking the oath by the said act required, in presence of his creditors; and that by causing a copy of this order to be inserted in the Washington newspapers once in each of three weeks before the twenty fourth of June next, and by serving any three or more of his creditors who have due to them at least four hundred dollars, with a copy thereof before the twenty fourth day of June next, he give notice to his creditors to attend on the said twenty third day of December next, for the purpose of recommending a trustee for their benefit, and to lodge with the chancellor within six months from the time of the last publication (if they shall think fit) their dissent to his being admitted to the benefit of the said act.
Test.
SAMUEL H. HOWARD, reg. ct. ch. June 3, 1801. 1W3W
Received by the Lucinda from Bristol, via Philadelphia, three cases Ketland's fowling guns, tin in boxes, brass kettles, frying pans, &c.
Also on hand,
Nails in casks, and a general assortment of Ironmongery, Cutlery, saddlery, and brass wares, which will be sold by the quantity or otherwise, on reasonable terms at the subscriber's store on Jersey Avenue Capitol Hill.
HENRY INGLE.
May 22, 1801.
cp4w

GERMANIC DIET,
ARTICLE FROM A FRENCH PAPER.
Vote of Austria in the sitting of March 30.
His imperial majesty answers, in the following manner, the question submitted to the deliberation of the Diet, viz. "How is the Germanic Empire to concur in establishing the indemnities?"
This object, so important in itself, is highly interesting to the empire; this object, which may be considered as the completion of the general principles established in a definitive treaty of Peace, may be adjusted with effect by a deputation extraordinary.
His imperial majesty, therefore, in his capacity of co-estate of the empire, proposes the above mode of co-operation; and as his majesty is desirous that the indemnities be as far as possible, in unison with the preservation of the Germanic constitution, that the fate of so many states, which are entitled to distinction on account of their tried fidelity up to the present moment, be no longer in painful suspense; and that after the restoration of peace abroad, Germany may at length enjoy the tranquility which a settled order of things cannot but secure.
His majesty thinks that it would be expedient, for the present time, to choose fewer deputies, as the difficulties attendant on the object which is to be brought forward might be increased by a multiplicity of members, much delay might thereby be occasioned, and a considerable degree of intricacy introduced. In consequence of these patriotic views, his imperial and royal majesty proposes that the subject of the indemnities be referred to their electoral highnesses of Mentz and of Saxony. Should the proposition not be seconded by one of the other cause his majesty declares that he is ready to accede to the nomination of a deputation composed of four estates. With respect to the instructions to be given to such deputation extraordinary, his majesty thinks they may be issued in general terms as follows:
"The deputation extraordinary to the Diet, establishing definitively the whole of the indemnities, shall never lose sight of the treaties of peace, ratified by the emperor and the empire—it shall act agreeably to the interest of the Germanic empire, and while it settles and defines the indemnities, shall not depart from the principles of right and equity."
"The full powers of the Diet, for the deputies, may be digested after the plan of the last credentials."
STATE PAPER.
The undersigned minister plenipotentiary of his Swedish majesty, has the honor to transmit to his excellency lord Hawkesbury, principal secretary of state to his Britannic majesty, a printed copy, herewith enclosed, of the maritime convention concluded on the 15th of December, 1800, betwixt his Swedish majesty and his majesty the emperor of all the Russias; as also a printed copy of the maritime code which his majesty has just published.
The undersigned, who by order of his courts, has the honor to make this communication to the minister of his Britannic majesty, is at the same time charged to declare expressly, that his majesty, in explaining on the one hand the rights which the king thinks belongs to him as a neutral power, and in establishing on the other the duties which his majesty as such engages to make his subjects observe, he expected, by endeavoring to fortify the rights of neutrality by a convention, to secure the tranquility of his dominions, and was far from believing that he would provoke hostilities. The respect due to the law of nations and to treaties, the most scrupulous combination of his own interests with those of others; in a word, the love of justice and of peace having been the sole guide of his majesty, it is with the utmost surprise that his majesty has just learnt that the first news of the conclusion of this convention has been considered as a sufficient ground for a measure, no less violent than that of the embargo laid upon Swedish vessels. Far from wishing to make any innovation in the maritime law of Europe by the laws laid down by the neutrality, his majesty was aware that there was no power in Europe, which had not acknowledged them in treaties previously concluded. England has seen these treaties concluded—she has been officially informed of them without ever entering any protest; she has seen the convention of 1780 and 1781, and the same ministry which now proceeds with such violence, observed the partial renewal of this convention between Sweden and Denmark in 1794, and the armaments fitted out in support of it the
four following years, without ever complaining of hostilities; and nevertheless a similar convention is now characterized as an hostile confederacy against England. This difference is not occasioned by any change in the principles or pretensions of neutrals, it appears founded upon a maritime system of England, extended during the present war; and that this government which has so often wished to convince Europe of its pacific dispositions, wishes now to commence a war for the purpose of enslaving the seas, after having so often boasted of having carried it on for the liberty of Europe.
If the British minister will reflect upon the conduct of England to Sweden, and neutral powers in general, during this war, he will discover the true motive which has induced his majesty; that the formal adherence of several powers to the same principles must more effectually convince the court of London of their validity, that separate remonstrances which have hitherto been disregarded without supposing for a moment that such a considered as an act of hostility. The British minister complains that the court of London has not been informed of the intentions of the respective courts to renew the convention of 1780; but in the same note he confesses that England had, this war, entered into engagements with her allies against neutrals, and that this confession of the British minister serves as an answer to the charge.
If his majesty were not as firmly convinced of the innocence of his intentions, as he is anxious to preserve the moderation which he has constantly testified, he might enumerate, in complaining of the conduct of England, the offences committed with impunity by commanders of English ships in the very ports of Sweden; the inquisitorial interrogatories undergone by the captains and crews of vessels detained both in the West Indies and in England; the detention of convoys in the year 1798, together with the miserable chicane of the courts, equivalent to an absolute denial of justice; finally, the violation of the Swedish flag in the affair of Barcelona. His majesty would no doubt find in such grievous offences, and which notwithstanding successive representations to the British court, remain unredressed, a justification for his conduct of which, from its rectitude, it does not stand in need. His majesty wishes to secure to his flag that security to which it has a right to pretend. It is in consequence of these sentiments that the undersigned is authorised to declare, that as soon as the British court shall show a due respect to the rights of Sweden, by doing her justice with regard to the convoys stopped in England, and the violation of her flag at Barcelona, and above all by taking off the embargo so unjustly laid upon the Swedish vessels, his majesty will with the greatest pleasure see himself in a situation to re-open his ports to the commerce of England, and to re-establish the ancient relations between the two nations. His majesty however, having a regard to what he considers the dignity of his empire, in consequence of the embargo laid upon the Swedish vessels, has ordered a similar embargo to be laid upon the English vessels in the ports of Sweden.
Having shown to demonstration the innocence of the convention, his majesty looks upon it as improper to enter into any discussion upon the subject of the accidental difference which has taken place between his ally the emperor of Russia, and the court of London; the very act of the convention shews, that there is no question, unless concerning the rights of neutrality, and that it is separated by its very nature from every other controversy.
The undersigned minister plenipotentiary of his Swedish majesty in recommending the contents of the note to the serious consideration of the minister of his Britannic majesty, has the honor to request his excellency may lord Hawkesbury to procure the undersigned an answer, which he earnestly wishes may be conformable to the views of the king, his master—His majesty having ordered the undersigned to repair near his person, the conciliatory mission with which he was charged having proved unsuccessful, he has judged that his presence at the court of London would in the mean time be useless.
The undersigned has the honor to assure his excellency lord Hawkesbury of his most high consideration.
(Signed) BARON D'EHRNSWARD. London, March 4, 1801.
The following is the Reply of Lord Hawkesbury to the above:
The undersigned, his majesty's Principal Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, has the honor hereby to acknowledge the receipt of the note signed by Baron Ehrensward, minister plenipotentiary of his Swedish
Majesty, dated the 4th March. His majesty, already repeatedly communicated to his firm and unalterable determination to maintain the existing principles of maritime law which have been established by the experience of ages, and the best calculated both to promote the security of the just rights and interests, as well as Neutral as of Belligerent Powers.
The explanations which have been attempted to be given of the present Convention have not in the least weakened the impression which the first perusal of it produced; namely, that the views and motives of the Contracting Parties were hostile towards his Majesty's dominions, and this impression is completely confirmed by observing, that the Northern Powers have recurred to the principles of the Convention of 1780, at a time when the circumstances of the war, and the respective situation of the naval force of the Belligerent Powers, must turn that which, at the former period was repressed as a measure of common justice against all nations, into an instrument of exclusive injury to Great Britain.
Under these circumstances, the embargo laid on Swedish vessels can be considered in no other light than as a measure of just and necessary prudence, which cannot be recalled, while the court of Stockholm continues to form part of a confederacy, the object of which is to force upon his majesty a new system of maritime law, which is incompatible with the dignity of his crown, and the interests of his people.
The undersigned requests baron Von Ehrensward to accept the assurance of his high consideration.
(Signed) HAWKESBURY. Downing street, March 6, 1801.
From a London paper.
ALEXANDER.
The eldest son of the late emperor Paul has succeeded to the imperial throne. The multitude, with whom that alone is excellent, which is yet untried, already attribute to him every illustrious talent, and every amiable virtue. He was educated under the immediate care, not of his father, but of his grandmother; and was so much her favorite, that she wished to appoint him her immediate successor. German officers were his principal instructors; they have been loud in the praise of his condescending affability, ingenious curiosity, mildness, docility and intelligence; and had we not witnessed many instances in which youths who had this praise from their nurses, attendants and preceptors, proved deficient in manly wisdom and independent energy of character, we should have been ready to hail his accession as an era that might probably restore to Russia the genius and public virtue, without the ferocity of Peter the first. The predilection he expresses for his grandmother's system of government, the advantages of character with which he begins his reign, the patience with which he is said to have endured his father's caprices, and the awful lesson he may have derived from the fate of his father's misgovernment, may at least encourage the hope, that his administration will be conducted on principles of sounder policy, and more popular than that of the deceased emperor.
What policy will be adopted in regard to the relations between Russia and foreign powers? The dispatches to the British court evince that, it prudently dealt with, he may be easily induced to return to a neutrality between Britain and France, in which there shall be much friendship for Britain.
The merchants, the farmers, the returns from the estates of the nobles, depend so much on the commerce with Britain, which has been interrupted, that there must necessarily be a strong party in Russia whose wants and miseries already clamor for a return to the British alliance. It is impossible that the majority of such a court and empire should not be averse from amity with the principles and the menacing ambition of republican France. The wisest politicians of Russia cannot but have seen with regret, that the strength of the empire has been for some time idly wasted in quixotic enterprizes, in asserting groundless and unenforceable pretensions, and in projects of foreign conquests, by the successes of which, Russia could not be, ultimately, a gainer. The French party were attached to Paul I. The British in Russia must be, of course, grateful to the prince who brings them most signal relief—Such gratitude will beget new favor. By all these reasons, it should seem that the present disposition of the Russian court and empire cannot well be other than highly favourable to this country. The young emperor will hardly go to war with France; but we may expect him to relinquish in our favor, by some early compromise, the principles and efforts of the northern confederacy.
It is probable, because prudence obvious to demands, that peace with the surrounding nations, the establishment of a vigorous internal government, and the vigilant improvement of the domestic resources of the Russian empire, will be the first objects of the Russian administration, in the beginning of the reign of Alexander.
So subtle is French intrigue, that we should not be surprised if the republican French, unless instantly anticipated by the vigilance and address of our ministers, should wriggle themselves, by one means or another, even into the confidence of the new emperor.
Alexander is in the 24th year of his age; married, but childless, and, we believe, hopeless of children; tall, fair, and somewhat deaf.
CHEAP LUMBER.
FOR SALE,
By the Subscriber, on reasonable terms, either by large or small quantities, at his Lumber Yards, the north end of Lamberton, and at the old Sturgeon Pond, above Richards's wharf,
A QUANTITY OF ASSORTED LUMBER, viz.
One and 1-4 inch, 1 x 8, and 1 do. Yellow pine heart boards—1 inch panel, 1 x 4-4 do. for floors, 1 do. common, white pine do—2 do. 7 1-4 and 2 1-2 do planks, 1 do. 1-8, and 2-8 do. boards, black walnut—2 do. plank, 3 do. 1-2 do. panel boards, bedstead sets, poplar the whole of the above are well seasoned and fit for use.—Clear heart pine, and sap plus white oak, and bilstead, hemlock and white pine scantling, assorted—best kind three feet cedar shingles, dressed and undressed, do two feet white pine do; do. 18 inch cypress do—Sedar rails—Also, white pine sawed rails—shingling and plastering laths, best kind; white oak waggon timber—sap pine planks, sap pine one inch boards, 3-4 cedar, best kind, 3-4 white pine, 3-4 sap pine, seasoned weather boards—A quantity of handsome chestnut pailings, sawed 1 by 3 inches and from 4 to 16 feet long, for garden fence, &c. A quantity of chestnut oak posts, dressed and undressed; a quantity of cherry boards, a quantity of large white oak joice, a quantity of chestnut posts—5000 feet of neat beach scantling for tool stocks—5000 feet of sikkamore scantling for bedsteads; 2 inch white oak plank; 1 inch white oak boards, 3-4 do. do. do.—25,000 feet superior cherry boards and plank, 3,000 do. ry clear 2 inch white pine plank, 3,000 do. handsome beaton wood bedstead sets seasoned, 100,000 prime North Carolina shingles, a quantity of ash plank, 150 tons plaster Paris, warranted, 3,000 bushels best Virginia pit coal, 200 bushel clean house sand
The subscriber intends, establishing a Lumber Yard at the Federal City of Washington, which he will keep regularly supplied as above—Any quantities may be agreed for by contract, deliverable, as the purchaser may wish, provided that the place of delivery may be comeatable by water with a navigable vessel—Any quantity that may be ordered for shipping abroad, shall be supplied with punctuality and dispatch, agreeable to order.
Gentlemen who are or may be building—as well as carpenters who may be under or may enter into contracts to build and furnish the materials, will find it well worth their attention to apply as above—Applications may be made by letter (post paid) or otherwise, to the subscriber, or left with Wm. and Anthony M. Buckley, or Benj. W. Morris and Co. merchants, Philadelphia.
Also for Sale or to Let,
A large commodious Dwelling House, with out buildings complete, and from three to seven acres of land—Two small do. with lots thereto—Also, a small Store near the river—All laying in the village of Lamberton.
NATHAN COMBS.
N. B. A Screw Jack to let, that raises from 10 to 40 tons by hand—a constant supply of plaster and Smith's Virginia coal. Lamberton, New Jersey, (on Del.) January 13, 1801. twtf
FOR SALE OR RENT,
Two elegant brick Houses, 40 by 20 feet, SITUATE on King and Columbia streets Alexandria, as well calculated for the grocery and flour business as any in the city; also two large stores adjoining the above houses, 25 feet front, by 36 feet deep, and 1 will likewise lease or sell, 7 or 8 valuable lots on King and Patrick streets, subject to a small ground rent. Possession will be given of one of the houses immediately, and the other in 30 days. Any person wishing to purchase, one fourth of the purchase money will be required in hand, one fourth in 3 months, and the balance in 12 months, by paying interest and giving a security on the property.
I will also sell,
Six or eight thousand acres valuable Kentucky land. The terms of payment will be required as a above mentioned.
The subscriber intends carrying on the brick-laying and plastering business extensively, and will keep a constant supply of bricks and lime for sale, he will also undertake to furnish all materials to any person disposed to build in the City, on the most reasonable terms for cash. Application to be made to Francis Peyton, Esq. for the property in Alexandria, or to
N. VOSS.
City of Washington, April 8, 1801. AM