Gazette of the United-States. (New-York [N.Y.]), 1793-09-07 00:00:00

Gazette of the United States.
A NATIONAL PAPER, PUBLISHED WEDNESDAYS AND SATURDAYS BY JOHN FENNO, No. 34. NORTH FIFTH-STREET, PHILADELPHIA.
[No. 133 of Vol. IV.]
SATURDAY, September 7, 1793.
[Whole No. 455.]
TREASURY DEPARTMENT, June 26, 1793.
NOTICE is hereby given, that proposals will be received at the office of the Secretary of the Treasury, until the fourteenth day of September next inclusively, for the supply of all Rations which may be required for the use of the United States, from the first day of January to the thirty-first day of December 1794, both days inclusive, at the places, and within the districts hereafter mentioned, viz.
 1. At any place or places betwixt York-Town and Carlisle, in the State of Pennsylvania, and Pittsburgh, & at Pittsburgh, York-town & Carlisle.  2. At any place or places from Pittsburgh to the mouth of Big Beaver Creek, and at the mouth of Big Beaver Creek.  3. At any place or places from the said mouth to the upper falls of the said Big Beaver, and at the upper falls.  4. At any place or places from the said upper falls to Mahoning, and at Mahoning.  5. At any place or places from the said Mahoning over to the Head Navigation of the river Cayanoga, and at the said Head Navigation.  6. At any place or places from the said Head Navigation to the mouth of the said river Cayanoga, and at the said mouth.  7. At any place or places betwixt the mouth of the Big Beaver Creek, to the mouth of the river Mulkingum, and up the said river to the Tuscarawas, and at the Tuscarawas, and thence over to the Cayanoga river, and thence down the said river to its mouth.  8. At any place or places betwixt the mouth of the river Mulkingum, and the mouth of the Scioto river, and at the mouth of the said river Scioto.  9. At any place or places betwixt the mouth of Scioto river & the mouth of the Great Miami, at the mouth of the Great Miami, and from thence to the rapids or the falls of the Ohio, and at the said rapids.  10. At any place or places betwixt the mouth of the Great Miami, up the said Miami to and at Pique Town.  11. At any place or places from Fort Washington to Fort Hamilton, and at Fort Hamilton. At any place or places from Fort Hamilton to Fort St. Clair, and at Fort St. Clair.  12. At any place or places from Fort St. Clair to Fort Jefferson, and at Fort Jefferson.  13. At any place or places from Fort Jefferson to the field of action of the 4th of November, 1791, and at the said field of action.  14. At any place or places from the said field of action to the Miami Villages, and at the Miami Villages.  15. At any place or places from the said Miami Villages to the falls of the Miami river, which empties into Lake Erie, and at the said falls, and from thence to its mouth, and at its mouth.  16. At any place or places from the mouth of the said Miami river of Lake Erie to Sandusky Lake, and at Sandusky Lake.  17. At any place or places from the said Sandusky Lake, to the mouth of the river Cayanoga.  18. At any place or places from the mouth of the said river Cayanoga to Presque Isle, and at Presque Isle.  19. At any place or places from Presque Isle to the stream running into Lake Erie from towards the Jadagheque Lake, and thence over to and at the said Jadagheque Lake, and thence down the Alleghany river to Fort Franklin.  20. At any place or places from Presque Isle to Le Beuf, and at Le Beuf.  21. At any place or places from Le Beuf to Fort Franklin, and at Fort Franklin, and from thence to Pittsburgh.  22. At any place or places from the rapids of the Ohio to the mouth of the Wabash river, and from the mouth of the said Wabash river to the mouth of the river Ohio.  23. At any place or places on the East side of the river Mississippi, from the mouth of the Ohio river, to the mouth of the Illinois river.  24. At any place or places from the mouth of the said Wabash river up to Fort Knox, and at Fort Knox.  25. At any place or places from Fort Knox up the said Wabash to Outitannou, and at Outitannou.  26. At any place or places from Outitannou, up the said Wabash, to the head navigation of a branch thereof called Little River, and at the said head navigation of Little River.  27. At any place or places from the said head navigation of Little River over to the Miami Villages.  28. At any place or places from the mouth of the river Tenebce to Ocochappo or Bear Creek, on the said river, inclusively.  29. At any place or places from the mouth of the river Cumberland to Nashville, on the said river, and at Nashville.  30. And at any place or places within thirty miles of said Nashville to the Southward, Westward or Northward thereof. 
Should any Rations be required at any places, or within other districts, not specified in these proposals, the price of the same to be hereafter agreed on betwixt the public and the contractor.
The Rations to be supplied are to consist of the following articles, viz. One pound of bread or flour, One pound of beef, or 3 of a pound of pork, One quart of salt, Two quarts of vinegar, } per 100 rations. Two pounds of soap, } One pound of candles, }
The Rations are to be furnished in such quantities as that there shall at all times, during the said term, be sufficient for the consumption of the
troop, at each of the said posts, for the space of at least 3 months in advance, in good and wholesome provisions, if the same shall be required.
It is to be understood in each case, that all losses sustained by the depredations of the enemy, or by means of the troops of the United States, shall be paid for at the prices of the articles captured or destroyed, on the depositions of two or more credible characters, and the certificate of a commissioned officer, ascertaining the circumstances of the loss, and the amount of the articles for which compensation is claimed.
The contract for the above supplies will be made either for one year, or for two years, as may appear eligible. Persons disposed to contract will therefore confine their offers to one year, or they may make their propositions so as to admit an election of the term of two years.
The offers may comprise all the places which have been specified, or a part of them only.
War Department,
August 18, 1793.
INFORMATION is hereby given to all the Military Invalids of the United States, that the sums to which they are intitled for six months of their annual pension, from the 14th day of March last, and which would have been due on the 5th of September next, will be paid on the said day by the Commissioners of the Loans, within the States respectively under the usual regulations.
By Command of the PRESIDENT of the UNITED STATES. H. KNOX, Secretary at War.
Treasury Department,
August 10, 1793.
NOTICE is hereby given, that Proposals will be received at the Office of the Secretary of the Treasury, until the 14th day of September next inclusively, to furnish by contract the following articles of Clothing, for the use of the United States, viz.
 4,800 Hats,  5,120 Stock,  5,120 Stock-Clasps,  22,480 Shirts,  5,120 Vests,  5,120 Coats,  9,600 Woollen Overalls,  9,600 Linen ditto,  19,200 pairs of Shoes,  9,600 pairs of Socks,  5,120 Blankets,  320 Caps,  320 pairs of Leather Breeches,  640 pairs of Boots,  320 pairs of Spurs,  640 pairs of Stockings,  1,520 Rifle Shirts. 
The clothing to be delivered at the city of Philadelphia; one fourth part of the whole number of suits on or before the 15th of February, one fourth on or before the 15th of April, and the remaining half on or before the 15th of June, 1794.
The articles must be agreeable to such patterns as shall be directed by the Secretary for the Department of War. Payment will be made as soon as the whole of the articles shall have been delivered. ept 145.
To the Public.
THE Editor of the GAZETTE of the UNITED STATES, proposes publishing the Paper, under that Title, every Evening, Sunday's excepted.
To render it interesting as a Daily Publication, it shall contain foreign and domestic, commercial and political Intelligence:—Essays and Observations, local and general:—Maritime information:—Prices Current of Merchandise and the Public Funds. Also a summary of the proceedings of Congress, and of the Legislature of this State:—with a sketch of Congressional Debates, &c.
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TERMS.
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In the interim, the Gazette will be published twice a week as usual.—Subscriptions are respectfully solicited by the Public's humble servant,
JOHN FENNO.
Subscriptions are received at the City Tavern, South Second Street—by Mr. Dobson, at the Stone House—by other persons who are in possession of Subscription papers, and by the Editor, at his house, No. 34, North Fifth-Street.
THE EDITOR
MOST earnestly requests those of his distant Subscribers who are in arrears for the Gazette, to make payment as soon as possible.—Those persons who have received Subscription money on his account are desired to remit the same. The arrearages for the Gazette have accumulated to a serious amount—Serious, as they are the only resource to discharge very serious engagements incurred in the prosecution of this expensive publication. Philadelphia, June 26.
FOR THE GAZETTE.
HELVIDIUS—No. III.
IN order to give color to a right in the Executive to exercise the Legislative power in judging whether there be a cause of war in a public stipulation—two other arguments are subjoined by the writer to that last examined.
The first is simply this, "It is the right and duty of the Executive to judge of and interpret those articles of our treaties which give to France particular privileges, in order to the enforcement of those privileges," from which it is stated as a necessary consequence, that the Executive has certain other rights, among which is the right in question.
This argument is answered by a very obvious distinction. The first right is essential to the execution of the treaty as a law in operation, and interferes with no right invested in another Department. The second is not essential to the execution of the treaty or any other law; on the contrary the article to which the right is applied, cannot as has been shown, from the very nature of it be in operation as a law without a previous declaration of the Legislature; and all the laws to be enforced by the Executive remain in the mean time precisely the same, whatever be the disposition or judgment of the Executive. This second right would also interfere with a right acknowledged to be in the Legislative Department.
If nothing else could suggest this distinction to the writer, he ought to have been reminded of it by his own words "in order to the enforcement of those privileges"—was it in order to the enforcement of the article of guaranty, that the right is ascribed to the Executive?
The other of the two arguments reduces itself into the following form: The Executive has the right to receive public Ministers; this right includes the right of deciding, in the case of a revolution, whether the new government sending the Minister, ought to be recognized or not; and this again, the right to give or refuse operation to pre-existing treaties.
The power of the Legislature to declare war and judge of the causes for declaring it, is one of the most express and explicit parts of the Constitution. To endeavor to abridge or effect it by strained inferences, and by hypothetical or singular occurrences, naturally warns the reader of some lurking fallacy.
The words of the Constitution are "the President shall receive Ambassadors, other public Ministers and Consuls." I shall not undertake to examine what would be the precise extent and effect of this function in various cases which fancy may suggest, or which time may produce. It will be more proper to observe, in general, and every candid reader will second the observation, that little if anything more was intended by the clause, than to provide for a particular mode of communication, almost grown into a right among modern nations; by pointing out the department of the government, most proper for the ceremony of admitting public Ministers, of examining their credentials, and of authenticating their title to the privileges annexed to their character by the law of nations. This being the apparent design of the Constitution, it would be highly improper to magnify the function into an important prerogative, even where no rights of other departments could be affected by it.
To shew that the view here given of the clause is not a new construction, invented or strained for a particular occasion—I will take the liberty of recurring to the cotemporary work already quoted, which contains the obvious and original gloss put on this part of the Constitution by its friends and advocates.
"The President is also to be authorised to receive Ambassadors and other public Ministers. This, though it has been a rich theme of declamation, is more a matter of dignity than of authority. It is a circumstance, that will be without consequence in the administration of the government, and it is far more convenient that it should be arranged in this manner, than that there should be a necessity for convening the Legislature or one of its branches upon every arrival of a foreign Minister, though it were merely to take the place of a departed predecessor." Fed. vol. II. p. 237.
Had it been retold in the year 1788 when this work was published, that before the end of the year 1793, a writer, assuming the merit of being a friend to the Constitution, would appear, and gravely maintain, that this function, which was to be without consequence in the administration of the government, might have the consequence of deciding on the validity of revolutions in favor of liberty, "of putting the United States in a condition to become an associate in war,"—nay "of laying the Legislature under an obligation of declaring war," what would have been thought and said of so visionary a prophet?
The moderate opponents of the Constitution would probably have disowned his extravagance. By the advocates of the Constitution, his prediction must have been treated as "an experiment on public credulity, dic-
tated either by a deliberate intention to deceive, or by the overflowings of a zeal too impetuous to be judicious."
But how does it follow from the function to receive Ambassadors and other public Ministers that so consequential a prerogative may be exercised by the Executive? When a foreign Minister presents himself, two questions immediately arise: Are his credentials from the existing and acting government of his country? Are they properly authenticated? These questions belong of necessity to the Executive; but they involve no cognizance of the question, whether those exercising the government have the right along with the possession. This belongs to the nation, and to the nation alone, on whom the government operates. The questions before the Executive are merely questions of fact; and the Executive would have precisely the same right, or rather be under the same necessity of deciding them, if its function was simply to receive without any discretion to reject public Ministers. It is evident, therefore, that if the Executive has a right to reject a public Minister it must be founded on some other consideration than a change in the government or the nature of the government; and consequently a right to refuse to acknowledge a new government cannot be implied by the right to refuse a public Minister.
It is not denied that there may be cases in which a respect to the general principles of liberty, the essential rights of the people, or the over-riding sentiments of humanity, might require a government, whether new or old, to be treated as an illegitimate despotism. Such are in fact discussed and admitted by the most approved authorities. But they are great and extraordinary cases, by no means submitted to so limited an organ of the national will as the Executive of the United States; and certainly not to be brought, by any torture of words, within the right to receive Ambassadors.
That the authority of the Executive does not extend to question, whether an existing government ought to be recognized or not, will still more clearly appear from an examination of the next inference of the writer, to wit, that the Executive has a right to give or refuse activity and operation to pre-existing treaties.
If there be a principle that ought not to be questioned within the United States, it is, that every nation has a right to abolish an old government and establish a new one. This principle is not only recorded in every public archive, written in every American heart, and sealed with the blood of a host of American martyrs; but is the only lawful tenure by which the United States hold their existence as a nation.
It is a principle incorporated with the above, that governments are established for the national good and are organs of the national will.
From these two principles results a third, that treaties formed by the government, are treaties of the nation, unless otherwise expressed in the treaties.
Another consequence is that a nation, by exercising the right of changing the organ of its will, can neither disengage itself from the obligations, nor forfeit the benefits of its treaties. This is a truth of vast importance, and happily rests with sufficient firmness on its own authority. To silence or prevent cavil, I insert however, the following extracts: "Since then such a treaty (a treaty not personal to the sovereign) directly relates to the body of the State, it subsists though the form of the republic happens to be changed, and though it should be even transformed into a monarchy.—For the State and the nation are always the same whatever changes are made in the form of the government—and the treaty concluded with the nation, remains in force as long as the nation exists." Vattel, B. II. § 185—"It follows that as a treaty, notwithstanding the change of a democratic government into a monarchy, continues in force with the new King, in like manner; if a monarchy becomes a republic, the treaty made with the King does not expire on that account, unless it was manifestly personal." Burlam. part IV, c. IX, § 16, 16.
As a change of government then makes no change in the obligations or rights of the party to a treaty, it is clear that the Executive can have no more right to suspend or prevent the operation of a treaty, on account of the change, than to suspend or prevent the operation, where no such change has happened. Nor can it have any more right to suspend the operation of a treaty in force as a law, than to suspend the operation of any other law. (To be continued.)
Tonnage of Vessels which have been entered at the Custom-house, port of Charleston, in the months of January, February and March, 1793.
   Tons. Dolls. Cts.     Foreign vessels 16,363 8184 05   American do. 12,852 771 18   Licenced do. 2,847 110 86   Tons 31,668 9,066 9  

Latest Foreign Advices,
Received per the Ship Ellice, Captain Harvey, arrived at New-York.
FROM THE LONDON GAZETTE.
WHITEHALL, July 13.
THIS morning one of his Majesty's messengers arrived with a dispatch from Col. Sir James Murray, Bart. Adjutant-General to the forces under the command of his Royal Highness the Duke of York, to the Right Hon. Henry Dundas, one of his Majesty's principal Secretaries of State, of which the following is a copy.
"Estreux, July 10, 1793.
"SIR,
"I HAVE the honour to acquaint you, that the Governor of Conde has this day consented to surrender that place to the Imperial forces under the command of the Prince of Wirttemberg, by whom it has been blockaded for some time past.
"The Austrian troops are to be put in immediate possession of the detached works, and of one of the gates of the town (that leading to Tournay). The garrison is to surrender as prisoners of war, and to march out upon the 13th. The other articles of the capitulation are not yet arranged.
"This is a conquest of the utmost importance; Conde being one of the strongest places of this frontier, requiring but a small garrison for its defence, commanding the navigation of the river Scheldt, and facilitating any future operation.
"I have the honour to be, "With the greatest respect, "Sir, your most obedient, "humble servant, "JA. MURRAY."
ESTREUX, July 10.
We have just now received intelligence that Conde surrendered by capitulation, about one P. M. this day. The whole garrison are made prisoners of war—they amount to between 15 and 18 hundred men fit for service; the rest are in the hospitals, where every assistance is now giving them, as they were in absolute want of both provisions and medicines. Thus has Conde fallen, after standing a three months blockade, at the commencement of which the garrison amounted to 4,000 men, one half of whom are now sick.—The surrender of this town opens to us the Scheldt, as far as Valenciennes. It besides affords us a proper place for establishing magazines, and will enable us to send a reinforcement of troops to the army before Valenciennes.
BARCELONA, June 9.
Our fleet, consisting of 27 ships of the line, and 7 frigates, entered this port again, and put on shore 1200 Frenchmen, made prisoners in the island of St. Peters & Antiocho; after which the fleet set sail again for its further destination.
The Spanish fleet, partly at sea and partly ready for sailing, consists of 8 ships of 112 guns, 1 of 94, 1 of 90, 3 of 84, 3 of 80, 26 of 74, 2 of 68, 5 of 64, 4 of 58, and 31 frigates of 34 guns—besides a great number of other armed vessels, in all 136 vessels, carrying 5,736 guns, and 44,381 men.
This fleet was fitted out at Ferrol, Cadiz, and Carthagena. The Chefs de Escadre belonging to it are Messrs. Lopez, Carrizosa, Morens, Daciz, Muguos, Meliurejo, and Gravina.
T U R I N.
Extract of a Letter from the Combined Army in the County of Nice.
June 26, 1793.
"In the official reports of the actions between our troops and the French on the 8th and 12th instant, the losses were estimated according to the first information. According to a more exact review, it appears that the loss on our side was only about 800 men, officers included, while that of the enemy amounts to about 4000.
LOWER ELBE, July 5.
The first sitting of the Diet at Grodno was attended with much
arise and debate. But their signing of the instrument, for the division of the country, had not taken place when the last intelligence came away. In fine, their animosities rose to such a height, that the King was at length obliged to prorogue their sittings till the 19th.
FRANKFORT, July 7.
Bourbonville, the late French Minister at War, with his Adjutant, and the four Commissioners of the National Convention, with their suite, who were confined prisoners at Ehreubriesten, were brought hither in seven carriages the day before yesterday, and set out yesterday at 6 o'clock in the morning for Egra in Bohemia.
H A V R E, June 29.
Vice Admiral Truguet has written the following letter to the National Convention:
"Three months have passed, and Europe, astonished, asks what has become of the marine and the seamen of France? Our Levant trade is nearly ruined; the contagion of insubordination increases, and our enemies cruise on our coasts, and threaten us. How can we bear the idea of even the momentary superiority of the Spaniards?—What shame for a Republican heart, for a French sailor!
"Citizen President, I ought to tell you the truth: We have the most imposing force, the best ships in the world, excellent seamen, who burn with patriotism and courage; but I know not what lethargy prevents the execution of the plans which I have proposed. An invisible aristocracy maintains in our ports a criminal agitation, which disgraces and ruins us. Thunder over the guilty. Discipline is the first law of armies: the naval force of Toulon knows it—It is obedience which ensures success and glory. I am ready to die for my country; but I would die conqueror.
(Signed) "TRUGUET."
P A R I S, July 10.
The recruiting and levies of men to encounter the armies of Eure and Calvados, are still subject to a thousand difficulties. The Parisians say, "We will not be butchered—what can we, an handful of men, do against so many powerful departments? or why should we not embrace them as friends and brothers? We cannot think of being thus dispatched; let your commissioners supply our place, and carry with them the olive-branch of negotiation."
On the 8th inst. the committee of public welfare of the National Convention, otherwise called Marat's committee, was impeached in the Jacobin Club. Chabot said, there were but three honest men in that committee, all Partisans of the Mountain, viz. Jeanbon St. Andre, St. Just, and Couthon.
The council general of the commons insist on the contingents being furnished by the sections; and their ordinary may occasion serious disturbances.
The departments advance their forces against the capital, and several other provinces join the league. That of La Manche is on the point of declaring itself in a state of insurrection. The towns of Carentan and St. Loo, have signified their will to march to Paris.
At Coutance they talk of supporting the Moderates.
A society under the name of the Charabots (a word synonymous to that of Sans Culottes) has been established. It consists of 700 members, who all profess the same principles as the department of Calvados.
The wagons of the army on the coasts set off from Caen this day, laden with bread & flour, for the army of the departments at Evreux.
The forces of the department of Ille and Vilaine put themselves on their march on the 6th instant. That of Port l'Orient has reached Caen; the central assembly at Caen has published a proclamation, that their forces only go to Paris to fraternize with the Parisians, and to cement the tottering statue of liberty.
The camp of Weissenbourg was struck on the 3d instant, and removed to the distance of three leagues from Landau. The whole line is on a steep eminence, which commands the surrounding plain. The army of the Rhine is to move thence in a few days.
Municipality of Paris, July 3.
Eleven Sections, either in a body, or by a deputation, came to announce to the Council their acceptance of the Constitutional Act.
A Gendarme having arrived from Vernon, announced, that the Citizens of Evreux were marching against Paris with eight pieces of cannon, and that they had already seized on Passy near Evreux.
A great many addresses were read from different departments and popular societies, which adhered to the conduct of the Parisians on the 31st of May.
JULY 4.
Extract from the Register of the Council of the Temple, July 3—Half past nine o'clock at night.
"We the Commissioners on duty entered the apartment of Maria Antoniette, to whom we notified the resolution of the Committee of Public Welfare of the National Convention of the 1st of July. After many entreaties, the widow of Capet finally resolved to deliver up to us her son, who has been conducted to the apartment designed for him by the
Council of the Temple, and committed to the care of Citizen Simon, who received the charge. We observed farther, that this separation was affected with all the sensibility that could be expected in such a circumstance, in which the Magistrates of the People evinced all the indulgence compatible with the severity of their functions."
JULY 5.
Deputies sent from the city of Vernon, denounced the Administrators of the department of Eure, and exposed the wretched situation of Vernon, on account of the Counter Revolutionary Army, which was only two leagues from that city.
The following letter from Vernon to the Convention was then read:
"For three days the tocsin has sounded in the environs of this city; by mere force we have set on foot 20,000 men; but they have no cannon. Passy, two leagues only from Paris, is taken, and Evreux marches 10,000 men."
A member observed, that he was surprised at the indifference of the Parisians at the bad news received from La Vendee. "Then (said he) the enemy were at 60 or 80 leagues from Paris; but at present, when they are at Vernon, 16 leagues only from Paris, I cannot conceive why they should be so tranquil. Will you wait, Citizens, to see the smoke of the enemy's camp upon the heights of Paris, before you arm and defend yourselves?—It was determined, that the Members of the Council should repair to their Sections, to inform them of the details given by the Deputies of Vernon, and to invite the Citizens to take efficacious measures. When they were on the point of repairing to their Sections, they were prevented by the arrival of three Deputies of the Committee of Public Safety of the Convention, who came to confirm the disagreeable news from the Department of Eure; and to engage the Parisians to fly to the succour of their brethren. They have been led astray, said the Speaker, by the manœuvres of Buzot and of Pethion. We must go to instruct them, end open their eyes. I will repair to Evreux with my colleagues—I am acquainted, and have there the esteem of the public; we will speak, and remove their errors."
JULY 6.
A letter from the Commissioners in the Temple, accompanied by a certificate from the Surgeon and Physician, stated, that the female Citizen Tizon, the late keeper of the Royal family, required to be removed to some private house for medical assistance. The Council decreed, that Tizon should be conveyed to the hospital called Hotel Dieu, to be there taken care of at the expence of the Commonality.
The Council General then resolved, that Simon and his wife should remain with the son of Capet, and receive the same salary which was granted to Tizon and his wife, in the service of the late King, Louis XVI.
JULY 7.
The following extract of a letter from Felix, National Commissioner in La Vendee, was read:
July 3.
"The representatives of the people, Tallien, Richard, and Bodien, have just formed a military commission, which pronounces sentence of death, without appeal or adjournment, upon all military transgressions, and upon the Emigrants, and refractory priests, who shall not have submitted to the laws of transportation.
"P. S. July 5—3 o'clock A. M.
"This instant intelligence has been transmitted to us, by a letter from General Biron, announcing that the Rebels have been completely defeated about Ancenis; that 8000 of them were killed, 700 taken prisoners, and 40 pieces of cannon captured.
"General Menou just informs me, that Nantz is in the best state of defence, and that the army of the coasts of Rochelle is combined in the best manner imaginable."
Sitting of the Jacobins, July 5.
General Custine was denounced—and a letter from Evreux, of the 1st of July, stated as follows:
"This city is in a state of counter-revolution; an army assembles within its walls—the storm roars—the explosion is at hand!"
A letter was read from Dijon, dated 27th of June, in the following terms:
"Friends and brothers, found the tocsin—we fly to your relief; we will make a rampart of our bodies to the authors of the insurrection of the 31st of May and 2d of June."
Cæsar Rœaud, defender of oppressed patriots, wrote from Toulon the 27th of June, that the city of Marseilles was in open revolt; that this perfidious city was going to cause to be burnt, by the hands of the public executioner, the decrees of the Convention; that the effigy of the last tyrant was sold publicly at Versailles; where it was publicly declared that Louis was assassinated without being heard. The aristocrats, who were in force, said, that before they set out for Vendee, they would rid Paris of the Septembriseurs.
Many persons at the same time denounced Custine; they painted him as an atrocious fellow, without morals, without principles, and without talents; addicted to every vice. At length a member desired that this Nero should be guillotined.
The society of Chalons attested its attachment to the Mountain and the Jacobins.—"This Mountain (say they) has not been delivered of a mouse, as the wicked pretended it would, but of a good constitution."
National Convention, July 8.
Letter from the Representatives of the People with the Army on the side of Brest.
Nantes, July 2.
"The reports which we have received, prove that the plunderers have not yet evacuated the environs. They fire, from time to time, red-hot bullets into the suburbs; but we cannonade them vigorously."
Letter from the same—July 3.
"Citizens Colleagues,
"We had reason to inform you that the robbers were yet near us. In fact, they have shewed themselves on the other side of the bridge. To-day we go to meet them. We have obliged them to retire. We have made 20 prisoners, and brought some cattle into the city. This little action will not prevent us from marching to Ancenis, to which place the French army directs its march at present."
July 9.
Richard—"I also have news to communicate. Here is the Postscript of one of our Commissioners with the Army of the North, dated Crambray, July 7:—"Valenciennes made yesterday a terrible sortie, which destroyed all the enemy's works, and cost them a great many men, to such a degree that they will no longer be able to take any position to attack the place."
LONDON, July 15.
The Albemarle is the ship coming from Bombay with cotton, which has been taken by the French, and carried into Bourdeaux.
The Brussels Gazette informs, that the 40 bombs, which were set on fire by a shot from Valenciennes, blew up without wounding a single man. It does not however tell us how many were killed. When men are killed they are never included in the list of the wounded.
July 19.
On the 5th inst. the National Convention of France passed an act of navigation, on a principle similar to that from which this country has derived so many advantages.
The Duke of York had, at the time of his last dispatches, received accounts up to the 10th, and he was thereby informed, that M. Grillon, after his defeat by Westerman, had rallied and given him battle, in which he gained a signal victory, and had taken 12 pieces of cannon.
Another embarkation of 4000 troops for the continent is ordered to be forwarded with all possible expedition.
The petition from Glasgow against the war, will be signed by many thousand names; and there is no doubt but the patriotism, the constitutional zeal and loyalty of every manufacturing town throughout the three kingdoms, will express its opinions in the same respectful, temperate, and manly way.
United States.
NORFOLK, August 28.
WE are authorised to inform the public, that the buildings in the new Federal City are rapidly advancing: the President's house is built one story high; the Capitol and Hotel are in a considerable state of forwardness, and there are upwards of fifty houses finished, among which are a number of capital brick buildings. There are upwards of 820 of the best artists and mechanics in the world now employed in the construction of that city.
BOSTON, August 28.
In consequence of Communications from the President of the United States, his Excellency the Governor, on Monday last, ordered a party from the garrison at Castle-Island to take possession of the two prizes to the Roland French-commissioned privateer; which were yesterday brought to a wharf, and stripped of their sails. The privateer, we understand, is ordered to depart our port immediately. This vigilant conduct of our Executive, gives great satisfaction to his fellow citizens.

PROCEEDINGS relative to the PRESIDENT'S PROCLAMATION of NEUTRALITY.
TAUNTON, Massachusetts.
At a full and respectable meeting of the inhabitants of the town of Taunton, held on the 19th of August, 1793—
A letter from the Hon. Thomas Russell, Esq. was read, communicating certain resolutions entered into by the merchants and others of Boston, respecting the late Proclamation by the President of the United States.
Whereupon it is voted,
THAT there is reason to fear, that many ill disposed persons, hostile to our present happy constitution, are using every means to impede and prevent the operation of that constitution, and to introduce confusion and disorder, by involving our country in a war.
Voted, That the inhabitants of this town feel it to be their duty to manifest their attachment to the Constitution of the United States, and their aversion to those measures which would tend to deprive them of that peace and security they now enjoy.
It is therefore voted and resolved, That the inhabitants of this town do regard the Proclamation by the President of the United States, declaring the neutrality of the United States in the war which exists among some of the nations of Europe; and recommending a conduct friendly and impartial towards all the belligerent powers, as a constitutional and most wise and well timed exertion of the authority vested in the first magistrate of the union.
Voted, That a copy be transmitted to the Honourable Thomas Russell, Esq.
Attest, JAMES WILLIAMS, T. C.
QUINCEY, Massachusetts.
To the Hon. THOMAS RUSSELL, Esq. Chairman of the committee of Merchants, &c. at Boston.
Quincey, August 19th, 1793.
SIR, THE subscribers have the honor of informing you, that they were appointed by the town of Quincey, at their meeting on the 12th inst. a committee, for the purpose of transmitting to the respectable committee of merchants and others concerned in trade, of which you are chairman, the sentiments and doings of that town on the important matters contained in their resolves passed on the 22d of July last.
We have accordingly now the satisfaction of informing your very respectable committee, that at a legal meeting of the freeholders, and other inhabitants of the town of Quincey, on Monday the 12th day of August, 1793, they took into serious consideration the weighty and very interesting matters, contained in the resolves of the merchants and others concerned in trade, residing in Boston, by you communicated; and it was their decided opinion, that an attentive conformity, among all ranks of citizens, to the laws of neutrality, so prudently recommended by the President of the United States, in his Proclamation; will be promotive of our greatest internal harmony and prosperity, as a people: and at the same time, procure for us, as a nation, the greatest respectability abroad.
Whereupon, the town unanimously voted their concurrence with the forementioned resolves, as being in their opinion adapted to promote the public good.
The town at the same time appointed a standing committee of three respectable freeholders, whose duty it shall be to make strict inquiry, from time to time, of any breach of the laws of neutrality, that may happen within this town, and to give information accordingly.
We have the honor to be, with very great respect, your humble servants, RICHARD CRANCH, BENJ: BEALE, MOSES BLACK, Committee of the town of Quincey.
MEDFORD, Massachusetts.
At a town-meeting legally assembled, at Medford, the following resolutions were voted, unanimously.
Voted, That while we feel an ardent wish for the establishment of the principles of rational liberty in France, and a deep regret at the interference of other nations with the interior jurisdiction of the French people, we deem it equally for the honor, the interest, and the safety of the United States, to observe a strict and impartial neutrality in the present European war.
Voted, That the late Proclamation of the President of the United States, was the result of a wise and just estimate of the obligations and interests of the American nation; that it is happily calculated to restrain the avarice of individuals—to limit the extension of the miseries of war, and to secure to the people of the United States, the blessings of peace.
Voted, That as we fully concur in the fitness and propriety of the said Proclamation, we will, to the utmost of our power, support the principles of it.
Voted, That the above resolutions shall be transmitted to the Hon. Thomas Russell, Esq. and published in the Columbian Centinel.
A true copy from the records, ANDREW HALL, Town-Clerk. Medford, Aug. 26, 1793.
PRINCETON, New Jersey.
AT a large and respectable meeting of the inhabitants and citizens of Princeton and its vicinity, convened on the 27th of August 1793, in consequence of a circular letter from a committee of the city of Brunswick, bearing date the 16th day of this month, requesting a meeting of the citizens of the counties of Somerset and Middlesex, to take into consideration the Proclamation of the President of the United States, with respect to the neutrality to be observed by the United States in the present war.
Mr. Enos Kelsey, was appointed chairman, and the following resolutions were unanimously adopted:
1st. Resolved, That the late Proclamation of the President of the United States, recommending a conduct friendly and impartial towards all the powers at war, was in our opinion a wise, legal, and well timed measure of his administration, and merits our warmest approbation.
2d. Resolved, That in our opinion it is the interest and duty of all the good citizens of this state, to support that system of neutrality and peace enjoined by the proclamation, and that we will render the magistrates of our country, our prompt and decided support to maintain peace, and avoid the calamities of war.
3d. Resolved, That while we cheerfully co-operate in the faithful performance of the treaties of the United States, we will cautiously avoid every measure which will have a tendency to interrupt that happy tranquility and good order which pervades every part of our government.
4th. Resolved, That the inhabitants of this town and neighbourhood, will with great cheerfulness, accept the invitation of our fellow citizens of New-Brunswick, contained in their circular letter; and that the Rev. Doctor John Witherspoon, Esq. Kelley, and Richard Stockton, be a committee to attend at New-Brunswick, on the 30th inst. to represent us at the said meeting.
5th. Resolved, That the said committee be, and it is hereby authorised and instructed, to join those citizens of the counties of Somerset and Middlesex, who may meet at New-Brunswick, in any resolutions which may be thought proper to express our approbation of the said proclamation—and also to join in other resolutions expressive of the indignation we feel at any foreign power or minister, attempting to interfere in the internal administration of the government of the United States.
By order of the meeting, ENOS KELSEY, Chairman. Princeton, August 27. 1793
LANCASTER, Pennsylvania.
AT a large and respectable meeting of the inhabitants of Lancaster county, at the court-house in the borough of Lancaster, for the purpose of taking into consideration the propriety of expressing their sentiments of the proclamation of the President of the United States, exhorting and warning the citizens of the said states to observe a friendly and impartial conduct towards the belligerent powers, &c.
EDWARD HAND, Esq. in the Chair, MATTHIAS BARTON, Secretary:
Resolved, That we conceive it to be our indispensable duty to express, at this period, our sentiments respecting the late proclamation of the President of the Union, concerning the neutrality of the United States as to the war carried on between the European powers.
Resolved, That a strict adherence to that neutrality is of the utmost consequence to the true interests and happiness of the community at large, and of this state in particular.
Resolved, That the proclamation of the President of the United States, recommending a friendly and impartial conduct towards the belligerent powers, was a wise and prudent measure; that it reflects additional lustre on his character, and demands our highest approbation.
Resolved, That we will use every effort in our power to support and maintain the laws and dignity of the United States, being firmly persuaded that such exertions will effectually contribute to the welfare of every individual.
Resolved, That it is essential to the interest and happiness of the people of the United States that the sovereignty of the Union be preserved inviolate; and that every measure tending to support the same shall meet with our warmest concurrence; and that no foreign influence on our public councils ought to be countenanced.
Resolved, That the foregoing resolutions be published in the public papers.
By order of the meeting, EDWARD HAND, Chairman. MATTHIAS BARTON, Secretary. Lancaster, August 29th, 1793.
Philadelphia, Sept. 7.
FROM THE MAIL.
Havre de Grace, June 23, 1793. Mr. Claypoole, SIR,
BY the last opportunity, I informed you that the Convention had manifested a perfect disposition to adhere to the treaty of 78. Since, they have repealed that decree, and American vessels loaded on account of an enemy, are liable to be brought in to France.
Please make this public, and oblige, Sir, your very Obedient Servant, T. W. G.
The above was received by the Mary, Capt. Gruel, arrived at N. York, on Wednesday last.—And by which we hear that the Brig Salome sailed from Havre for Philadelphia, on the 1st of July, full of passengers.
The following articles of Intelligence are published in French in Loudon's New-York Diary.
News from France. Two vessels arrived from France in 33 days have brought Paris News to the 8th July.
At this period the National Convention had completed the Constitution, decreed a meeting of a new National Convention on the first of September, and enjoined the Executive Council to continue the war with the greatest vigour; to suffer no part of the force of the Republic to remain inactive, and to hear of no proposition for peace on the part of their enemies before the first of September. All the French citizens concurred with enthusiasm in the execution of this law. The recruiting for the army went on as well as could be desired, and the sailors crowded from all parts on board the ships of the
Republic to support the honor of their flag. Commerce by sea was suspended, and almost all the merchant vessels are converted into privateers; the prizes which they take are innumerable, and have filled their ports with abundance of property. Their frigates were frequently engaged at the beginning of the campaign, in which the French mariners have shewn the greatest bravery in the different actions. Their enemies have done justice to their valour, but affect to believe that the fleet has not been sufficiently exercised to acquire that knowledge of naval tactics, which shall render them a match for that of the enemy.—Events have proved the contrary. The divisions of Brest and Rochefort being united to the number of 27 sail of the line have completely beaten the fleets of England and Holland.—Meantime the fleet from Toulon have frustrated the designs of the Spaniards on their coast and against Corsica.
Our armies by land have been equally successful; the Austrians have quitted Valenciennes, being obliged to raise the siege, after a great many vigorous efforts, in which we are assured they lost above 10,000 men, and their general the Prince de Cobourg. The siege of Lille is likewise raised.
The army of the Royalists in Brittany is entirely defeated, and they hope that Bernard Lagrigny, who commanded it, will soon fall into the hands of the Republicans, who will not fail to have him with the national Razor.
The publishers of the foregoing articles, call themselves "the sincere friends of Liberty, good and faithful Frenchmen, associated to publish intelligence in which they will always speak the truth, whether agreeable or otherwise—for they are not false friends who disguise their thoughts, nor are they false patriots who flatter their fellow citizens to gain their Confidence."
[It will be noticed by the reader, that the above accounts are said to be from Paris papers to the 8th July.—The accounts by the Eliza, Capt. Harvey, are to the 19th July, from London—and to the 10th from Valenciennes, when the siege was still going on.]
An express arrived Tuesday at the War-Office, from the Commissioners for treating with the Indians North of the Ohio.
We learn that they were not able even to effect a meeting with the body of the hostile Indians who were assembled at the Rapids of the Miami River which runs into Lake Erie.
The Indians by deputation insisted upon the Ohio as the boundary between them and the United States. But as so extensive a concession was inadmissible, and no relaxation of this demand being indicated, the Commissioners, who had been waiting at the mouth of Detroit River from the 21st of July, left that place on the 17th of August, and arrived at Fort Erie on the 23d of the same month.
The tribes determined for war, are the Wyandots, Delawares, Shawanese, and Miamis; although it is understood, that a considerable portion even of those were for peace.
It is also understood that the six nations, including Capt. Brant, and his Mohawks—strongly urged the hostile Indians to make peace.
Thursday last the Legislature of this State adjourned, sine die.
The trial of the Impeachment of the Comptroller General is postponed to the next session.
Citizen Genet, minister of the French Republic, published a proclamation last Tuesday, dated August 28, in consequence of the confused state of the French fleet now in New-York, by which the unarmed officers and men on board of the Jupiter are ordered to lodgings on shore, which are to be paid for by the Minister, and that all those who will not re-enter, shall receive an exact account of what is due; that Citizen Vresen take charge of said ship, and of Gen. Galbaud, and that he choose 2 officers, 40 sailors, and 6 soldiers, who shall remain under his orders to guard the ship.
Sunday morning last arrived at New-York, and anchored in the North river, abreast the Jupiter, 74, the privateer sloop Carmagnole, one of the proscribed.
Same day sailed the French Sloop of war Favorite, on a cruise.
Last Saturday the British brig Chilcomb, Capt. Kavanish, which was taken by the privateer Carmagnole, was delivered up to her former owners, as being an unlawful prize, agreeably to the President of the United States' late instructions.
The British fleet under Lord Howe, was lying at anchor in Torbay, on the 23d July.—Several ships of the line, and frigates were lying at the Nore, and in the Downs.
Extract of a letter from a Merchant of London, dated 17th of July last, to a gentleman in New-York.
"I must refer you to the papers for public news, and only tell you, that it is the prevailing opinion here, that an honorable peace is near at hand. We have had no failures of consequence for some time past, and I think the want of money and confidence to subside. Your friends are getting up—I can with great truth assure you, our government and the public in general shew every disposition to cultivate harmony with your States, and I sincerely hope, that the rage for privateering may not interfere."
Extract of a letter from Hispaniola July 31, 1796.
"The blacks and mulattoes continue in arms, and act in concert with the white troops under the command of the Commissaries who at present govern the Cape; but you may judge of the strength or permanency of the government when you are informed that by far the greater part of the people in arms are the negroes from the plantations who made the first insurrection—and these
are now emancipated. The first Officers at the Cape, and many other places, next to the Commissaries are mulattoes; white people are going out of fashion, and the black and brown are in vogue.—We may therefore conclude from the conduct of the Commissaries, and the complexion of the present rulers (though the Commissaries are but cyphers) that the Island will continue under a black government. The white troops, mulattoes and negroes at the Cape, and the mountain negroes are no more at enmity, their cause has become one—the found of liberty is echoed through every part of the Island.—The situation of the virtuous Frenchmen here is truly lamentable—and must force a tear from every good American, who knows not only the value of Liberty, but of a good government to protect it."
The Governor's Speech, at the opening the session of the Legislature of this Commonwealth, contained, among many other articles, a particular detail of executive proceedings during the recess, relative to the proclamation of neutrality by the President of the United States.
The following is the Answer of the House of Representatives:—
To THOMAS MIFFLIN, Governor of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania.
TO the citizens of Pennsylvania, whose agriculture and commerce are the chief sources of their public and private prosperity, the necessity of preserving towards the belligerent nations of Europe a system of the purest neutrality, must be as obvious as it is important.
A strict adherence to the treaties connecting us with some, and an exact observance of those duties, which by the laws and customs of nations, we owe to all the contending parties, can alone, in our opinion, at once preserve our neutrality, and maintain the dignity of our government—the steps taken by the executive of the Union in this critical juncture, appear to have been grounded on those principles, and received not only our sincere and unanimous approbation, but, unless we are deceived, in their sentiments, we speak the almost universal voice of our constituents.
Influenced by these sentiments, we are happy to find, that on several occasions, which have recently occurred, you have with equal promptitude and firmness, seconded the efforts of the general government, in repressing every infringement of the rights of neutrality; nor can we avoid expressing our confidence, that a perseverance in that line of conduct which has hitherto been pursued, will continue to us the friendship of Europe, and secure to our country the blessings of peace.
Having already experienced the calamities peculiarly incident to the progress of savage warfare, we cannot sufficiently deprecate the continuance or renewal of them; but should the endeavors made on behalf of the United States to conciliate the hostile Indians, prove unsuccessful, we doubt not, that every just and necessary exertion will be made by Pennsylvania to aid the operation of the general government, and afford effectual protection to her own citizens.
Signed by order of the House, GERARDUS WYNKOOP, Speaker.
From the BALTIMORE DAILY REPOSITORY.
THE late attempts to misrepresent the sense of the people, on certain important political subjects, furnish matter for much serious reflection. Shortly after the appearance of the proclamation declaring the neutrality of the United States, it was boldly asserted, that the President had no right to issue it, and that he had mistaken his duty, the sense of the treaties, and the interest of the United States. When the merchants of some towns addressed him, approving the declared neutrality, it was said they were only a few tories, British merchants, and court sycophants: And now that addresses and resolutions can no longer bear such a comment, endeavors are not wanting to persuade the people, that it comports more with their duty to be silent.
Mr. FENNO, SOME persons have expressed their surprise and indignation, at the stinking rhymes which appeared in the National Gazette of last Wednesday.
But why express the least surprize? It is in course such fumes arise; The fund an endless source supplies!
The "Nation's Gazette" is a sink— Whose atmosphere, as quick as wink, Reminds you there's no time to think.
To Correspondents.
"ALFRED," in our next—Helvidius, and the French Constitution, occasion the postponement.
The interesting proceedings of the citizens of all the towns and townships in the counties of Middlesex and Somerset, State of New-Jersey, were not received in season for the last Gazette—and are necessarily omitted till our next.
Several other favors shall be published as soon as possible.
For the new French Constitution, see the last page.
SHIP NEWS.
ARRIVED at the PORT of PHILADELPHIA. Ship Holland, Litten, Amsterdam Clermont, Whippey, Hull Schooner Industry, Breen, N. York
About 4 weeks ago, in lat. 43. long. 40. Capt. Litten spoke the British Packet, Queen Charlotte, bound to New-York, out 4 weeks.
PRICE OF STOCKS.
Table with 2 columns: Stock Type, Price. Rows: 6 per Cents (18 3/4), 3 per Cents (10 3/4), Deferred (22 1/2), Full shares Bank U. S. (7 per cent. adv).

NEW CONSTITUTION OF FRANCE.
Decreed by the NATIONAL CONVENTION.
[Concluded, from our last.]
Of the National Representation.
27. In case of equal votes, the eldest is preferred, either to be voted for or elected. In case of equal age, chance decides.
28. Every Frenchman, exercising the rights of a citizen in any republic is eligible.
29. Each deputy belongs to the whole nation.
30. In case of refusal to accept, resignation, or death of a deputy, the primary assemblies who had nominated him replace him.
31. A deputy who has resigned cannot quit his post before his successor is ready to enter upon the duties of his appointment.
32. The French people assemble every year, on the first Tuesday, to proceed to their elections.
33. They proceed to the election whatever be the number of citizens, having a right to vote at it, assembled.
34. A primary assembly may be extraordinarily convoked, upon the requisition of a fifth of the citizens having a right to vote at it.
35. The convocation, in this case, is made by the municipality of the common place of meeting.
36. Those extraordinary assemblies deliberate only in case a majority, more than one, of the citizens having a right to vote in them, be present.
Of electoral assemblies.
37. The citizens in primary assemblies name an elector, one for every 200 citizens, counting present and absent; two from 201 to 400; three from 401 to 600.
38. The holding of electoral assemblies and the mode of electing is the same as in the primary assemblies.
Of the legislative body.
39. The legislative body is one, indivisible and permanent.
40. The session is of one year.
41. The legislators meet on the 1st of July.
42. A majority is a quorum.
43. The deputies can be questioned, accused or judged, at no time for opinions expressed from their seats in the legislature.
44. They may for criminal actions, be taken in the fact, but the warrant to arrest and to cause to appear, can only be issued against them by the legislature.
The sittings of the Legislative body.
45. The sitting of the National Assembly shall be public.
46. Its journals shall be printed.
47. It shall not deliberate, unless it be composed of at least, two hundred members.
48. It shall not refuse any member the right of speaking, in the order in which he has demanded it.
49. It shall decide by the voice of the majority of those present.
50. Fifty shall have the right of calling for the yeas and nays.
51. The assembly shall have the right of censuring the conduct of its members during its meetings.
52. The assembly shall possess the immediate jurisdiction of the place in which it holds its sessions, and of such an extent in the neighbourhood as it shall itself determine.
Of the functions of the legislative body.
53. The legislative body shall enact laws and pass decrees.
54. Under the general name of laws are comprised such acts of the legislative body, as concern civil or criminal legislation.
The general administration of the revenues, and of the ordinary expenditures of the republic.
The national domains,
The standard, the weight, the impression and denomination of money.
The nature, the amount and true collection of the taxes.
The declaration of war.
Any new distribution of the French territory.
Public instruction, and the public honors paid to the memory of great men.
55. Under the particular title of decrees, are comprehended such acts as relate to
The annual establishment of the forces of the Republic, by sea and land.
The permission or refusal of the passage of foreign troops thro' the French territory.
The introduction of foreign naval forces into the French ports.
Measures for the general safety and tranquillity.
The annual and temporary distribution of the public labor and public contributions.
Orders for the emission of money of all kinds.
Extraordinary and contingent expenditures.
Measures which are local or confined to one particular department, community, or particular kind of public works.
The defence of the country.
The ratification of treaties.
The nomination and deposition of the commanders in chief of the armies.
The trial of the members of council and public functionaries.
The accusation of those suspected of plots against the general safety of the republic.
Every partial change in the distribution of the French territory.
National rewards.
Of the formation of a Law.
56. All bills proposed to be enacted into laws shall be preceded by a report.
57. The discussion of the law shall not be opened, and it shall not be provisionally enacted, until 15 days after the report.
58. The bill is printed and sent to all the Communes under the title of, proposed law.
59. Forty days after the proposed law is sent—if in the majority of the departments, the tenth part of the primary assemblies of each, has not objected, the plan is deemed accepted and becomes a law.
60. If objections are made, the legislative body convene the primary assemblies.
Of the title of laws and decrees.
61. All laws, decrees, judgements, and other public acts, shall be entitled— “In the name of the French people, the _____ year of the French Republic.”
Of the Executive Council.
62. There shall be an executive council composed of 24 members,
63. The electoral assembly of each department names one candidate—the legislative body chooses from the list the members of the council.
64. One half of the council is renewed by every legislature during the last months of its session.
65. The council is charged with the direction and superintendence of the general administration of the Republic. It cannot act but in execution of the laws and decrees of the legislative body.
66. It shall name, from its own body, the principal agents of the several departments of the republic.
67. The legislative body shall prescribe the number and functions of these agents.
68. These agents do not form a council. They shall be separate, without any immediate connection between them. They shall not exercise any personal authority.
69. The council shall appoint from its own body the exterior agents of the republic.
70. It shall negotiate treaties.
71. The members of the council, if guilty of treason shall be accused by the legislature.
72. The council shall be responsible for any failure in the execution of the laws and decrees, and for all those abuses which it shall not denounce.
73. It shall depose and replace the public agents whenever it shall think proper.
74. It is bound to accuse them before the judicial tribunals whenever there be occasion.
Of the relation of the Executive Council to the Legislature.
75. The executive council shall reside near the legislature—it shall have a separate chamber and a separate entrance, into the place of its meetings.
76. It shall be heard as often as it shall have any report to make.
77. The legislative body, may call for the presence of the executive council at its sittings, either in the whole or in part, whenever it shall judge proper.
Of the Administrative and Municipal Bodies.
78. There shall be in every commune of the republic a municipal administration.
In every district an intermediate administration.
In every department a central administration.
79. The municipal officers shall be elected by the assemblies of the commune.
80. The administrators shall be appointed by the electoral assemblies of the department and of the district.
81. The municipalities and the administrations shall be renewed by one half, every year.
82. The administrators and municipal officers have no representative characters—they cannot in any case, modify the acts of the legislature nor suspend the execution of them.
83. The legislature shall prescribe the functions of the municipal officers and administrators, the rules of their subordination and the penalties which they may incur.
84. The assemblies of the municipalities and the administrators shall be public.
Of Civil Justice.
85. The code of civil and criminal law shall be uniform throughout the republic.
86. The right which the citizens have of terminating their disputes by arbitrators chosen by themselves, shall not be infringed.
87. The decision of these arbitrators shall be definitive, unless the parties have reserved the right of appeal.
88. There shall be justices of the peace elected by the people in cantons, the limits of which shall be fixed by law.
89. They shall accommodate differences and administer justice without cost.
90. Their number and their qualifications shall be regulated by the legislature.
91. There shall be public arbitrators appointed by the electoral assemblies.
92. Their number and the districts in which they shall exercise their authority shall be determined by the legislature.
93. They shall take cognizance of disputes which have not been finally determined by private arbitrators, or by the justices of the peace.
94. They shall decide in public. They shall give their opinion openly. They shall determine in the dernier resort, either upon verbal defence, or upon a simple memorial, without pleading, and without costs. They shall give the reasons of their decisions.
95. The justices of the peace, and the public arbitrators shall be elected every year.
Of Criminal Justice.
96. In a criminal purpose no citizen can be tried, except upon an accusation, by a jury, or decreed by the legislature. The accused shall have counsel particularly nominated for them or there shall be public officers appointed to defend them.
The accusation shall be public. Both the fact and the intention shall be determined by a jury. The penalty shall be applied by a criminal tribunal.
97. The criminal judges shall be elected every year by the electoral assemblies.
Of the Tribunal of Final Appeal.
98. There is for the Republic but one tribunal of final appeal.
99. This tribunal does not take cognizance of the merits of a cause. It pronounces only upon violations in the forms, and on the evident deviations from the law.
100. The members of this tribunal are appointed every year by the electoral assemblies.
Of Public Contribution.
101. No citizen is dispensed from the honourable obligation of contributing to support the burden of the public expenditure.
Of the National Treasury.
102. The national treasury is the central point of the receipts and expenditures of the republic.
103. It is superintended by responsible agents appointed by the executive council.
104. The conduct of these agents, is inspected by commissioners appointed by the legislature, taken from among the mass of citizens, and responsible for such abuses as they do not denounce.
Of Accounts.
105. The accounts of the agents of the national treasury and of the administrators of public money are annually rendered to responsible commissioners named by the executive council.
106. The proceedings of these agents are inspected by commissioners appointed by the legislature from among the mass of citizens, and responsible for such abuses, and errors as they do not denounce. The legislative body finally settles accounts.
Of the Forces of the Republic.
107. The general force of the republic consists of the whole people.
108. The republic has under pay in time of peace, an armed force by sea and land.
109. All Frenchmen are soldiers; they are all exercised in the management of arms.
110. There is no commander in chief.
111. The difference between grades, their distinguishing marks and subordination only subsist in relation to and during actual service.
112. The public force employed to maintain order and internal peace only acts upon the requisition, in writing of the constituted authorities.
113. The public force when employed against external enemies acts under the direction of the executive council.
114. No armed body deliberate.
Of National Convention.
115. If in a majority of the departments, one tenth of the primary assemblies regularly formed of each, call for a revision of the constitutional act, or an alteration of any of its articles, the legislative body convokes the primary assemblies of the Republic, to determine whether there shall be a National Convention.
116. The National Convention is formed in the same manner as the legislative, and can exercise legislative powers.
117. As far as relates to the constitution, the Convention confine their deliberations to the articles the defects of which caused their convocation.
Of the relation between the Republic and Foreign Nations.
118. The French people are the friends and natural allies of all free nations.
119. They do not meddle with the government of other nations. They do not suffer other nations to meddle with theirs.
120. They hold out an asylum to foreigners banished from their country for their love of liberty. They refuse an asylum to tyrants.
121. They will not make peace with an enemy that occupies part of the territory of the republic.
The guarantee of Rights.
122. The constitution guarantees to every Frenchman equality, liberty, security and property, the public debt, the free exercise of religious worship, an education, public succours, the indefinite liberty of the press, the right of petitioning, the right of assembling in popular societies, the enjoyment of all the Rights of Man.
123. The French Republic honours patriotism, courage, old age, filial piety, the unfortunate. They repose the sacred deposit of the constitution under the safeguard of all the virtues.
124. The declaration of rights and the constitutional act is engraved on tables, in the centre of the legislative hall, and on all public squares.
(Signed)
COLLOT D'HERBOIS, President. DURAND, MAILLANE, DUGOS, MEAULLE, } Secretaries. CH. DE LA CROIX, GOSSUIN, LALOY, }
ADVERTISEMENT.
NEW-JERSEY, } BY virtue of a Writ to me Suffex County. II. } directed, issued out of the High Court of Chancery of New-Jersey, at the suit of William Shipley against John Ming and others; I shall expose to sale at Public Vendue, on the sixth day of February next, between the hours of Twelve and Five in the Afternoon of the same day, on the Premises, the following described Tract of Land, with its appurtenances, situate in the Township of Oxford and County of Suffex, beginning at a Chestnut Oak Tree, corner of Daniel Cox's land, and standing in the line of a former survey made to Thomas Stevenson, being marked with the letter B, and thence extending along Cox's line (first) south fifty degrees west fifty-five chains and seventy-five links, to a Black-Oak Tree corner of Joseph Shippen's land (second) south nine degrees and fifteen minutes, west ninety chains and sixty-five links to a forked White-Oak Tree, marked with the letters R and B another of the said Shippen's corners (third) thence north eighty degrees, east one hundred and forty-five chains, to a post on the southerly side of Paquaott-River, being also a corner of John Reading's land (fourth) thence north thirty-nine degrees w. s. one hundred and thirty-two chains to the place of beginning, containing nine hundred and thirty acres with the usual allowance for roads and high ways. The same Premises are within eight miles of the River Delaware, and there is thereon a convenient Grist Mill with two pair of Stones—a Saw Mill in good repair, with a sufficient stream of water for their use—a Dwelling House, Store House, and several small buildings.
MARK THOMPSON, Sheriff. Dated 2nd day of July, 1793
T I C K E T S In the FEDERAL CITY LOTTERY, May be had at SAMUEL COOPER'S Ferry.