Gazette of the United-States. (New-York [N.Y.]), 1791-09-07 00:00:00

Gazette of the United States.
PUBLISHED WEDNESDAYS AND SATURDAYS BY JOHN FENNO, No. 69, HIGH-STREET, BETWEEN SECOND AND THIRD STREETS, PHILADELPHIA.
[No. 38, of Vol. III.]
WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 7, 1791.
[Whole No. 246.]
PHILADELPHIA.
ST. PETERSBURG, 27th Feb. 1791.
SIR, THE contents of your letter, which we received with the enclosed Magnetic Atlas , and its explanation, in due time, were the more interesting and agreeable to the Imperial Academy of Sciences , that the same matter is the subject of a premium, even now proposed by our academy; as you will see by the printed advertisement, which I send you herewith.
The progress you have already made, gives me a pleasant hope, this important matter will derive no small increase from your ingenious works; and I make no doubt, but your labours will greatly contribute to the final solution of this question.
By the communication of your further enquiries and discoveries (especially relating to the southern hemisphere, the calculation of the universal set of tables, and the ascertaining the exact revolutions of the two magnetic points round the poles of the earth, by a greater number of observations) you will very much oblige
Your humble servant,
PRINCESS OF DASCHKAU.
To Mr. John Churchman, } North-America.
SIR, THIS Royal Academy has received by two different ways, nearly at the same time, your explanation of a Magnetic Atlas . Commission was instantly given to gentlemen of the profession and mathematicians, members of the society, to examine it accurately, and to bring in their advice in some of the ordinary academical meetings. This they have performed, and I am directed to send you in this letter the result of their examination and advice.
They acknowledge the originality and usefulness of your ideas and scheme, and that both highly deserve to be encouraged, but think the observations are not yet so much, nor so fully established, as to enable impartial readers to form an absolute judgment of the matter.
They believe indeed, that when the propositions you enunciate will be demonstrated, a great step will be made towards the perfection of magnetic knowledge. These demonstrations they expect from you, and in the mean while they readily accept the invitation of giving you what magnetic observations it will be in our power to afford you.
As for my part, I am, with sentiments of esteem, and respect, Sir, your most obedient, humble servant,
JOSEPH CORREA DE SERRA,
Secretary to the Royal Academy of Sciences at Lisbon. To Mr. John Churchman.
To the FRIENDS OF LIBERTY and RELIGION in the City of PHILADELPHIA. The ADDRESS of the Representatives of the African Church of said City.
RESPECTFULLY SHEWETH,
THAT a number of Africans, and the descendants of Africans, belonging to the city of Philadelphia, have associated for the purpose of establishing religious worship and discipline among their brethren: thereby hoping to produce more order and happiness among them, than could be introduced, while a majority of them are ignorant and unknown to any religious society; and while the few who worship God, are the scattered and unconnected appendages of most of the religious societies in the city—That men are more influenced in their morals by their equals, than by their superiors, where they exceed a certain rank, and that they are more easily governed by persons chosen by themselves for that purpose, than by persons who are placed over them by accidental circumstances. That the attraction and relationship which are established among the Africans, and their descendants, by the sameness of colour, by a nearly equal and general deficiency of education, by total ignorance, or only humble attainments in religion, and by the line drawn by custom as well as nature, between them and the white people, all evince the necessity and propriety of their enjoying separate and exclusive means and opportunities of worshipping God, of instructing their youth, and of taking care of their poor. To enable them to carry these important objects into execution, they are under the necessity of applying to the friends of liberty, and religion, in the city of Philadelphia, for assistance to erect a CHURCH for the benefit of their society. They recollect with heartfelt gratitude the many acts of kindness they have received from the citizens of Philadelphia. By patronizing the present undertaking, they will convert their numerous favors into substantial and durable blessings, and perhaps by this fresh act of charity, they may lay a foundation for similar churches, being established among the Africans, and their descendants, in other States, as well as for the same success in extending the Gospel of Jesus Christ to their brethren in Africa, which the descendants of Europeans in America have had in extending freedom to the nations of Europe.
Subscriptions for the purpose of building a Church are received by
  Absalom Jones, William White, Mark Stevenson, William Gardner, William Wilshire, Doras Jennings, Henry Stewart, & William Gray,  Representatives of the African Church in Philadelphia.  
Also by Robert Ralston, No. 127, South Third-Street, who has kindly undertaken the office of Treasurer of the said African Society. August 27.
FROM THE BEE.
LET those who feel a predilection for verse, be informed, that among all the trifling acquirements a young person can aim at, that of making rhymes, is one of the easiest and at the same time the most insignificant. Young people, in general, think it a proof of extraordinary genius, if they can put two or three lines together, that shall run, in any measure, like verses; and whenever they can do this, they think too much of it, as never to be satisfied, till they see it in print. In this respect, they judge erroneously. The faculty of measuring a few syllables, is a thing that any person, with a tolerably just ear, can easily attain. But a poetic talent, which consists in a lively imagination, an ardent vigour of mind, a quickness of perception, and a faculty of combining ob-
jects together, so as to form new and striking images, is as rare as the other is common; but it is this last alone, which forms the poet. Would our youthful rhymers attend to this distinction, it would check their vanity in some degree, and make them hesitate, before they became candidates for the title of poets, merely because they had made a few smooth and uninteresting lines.
A PICTURE OF GOVERNMENT, A LA MODERNE, DRAWN BY AN OLD MASTER.
IN the commonwealth I would by contraries Execute all things; for no kind of traffic Would I admit, no name of magistrate; Letters should not be known; poverty and riches. And use of service, none; contracts, succession, Bourn, bond of land, tilth, vineyard, olive, noue; No use of metal, corn, or wine, or oil; No occupation, all men idle, all, And women too, but innocent and pure; No sovereignty: All things in common, nature should produce Without sweat or endeavour; treason, felony, Sword, pike, knife, gun, or need of any engine, Would I not have; but nature should bring forth Of its own kind, all foilson, all abundance, To feed my innocent people. I would with such perfection govern, Sir, To excel the golden age.
SHAKESPEAR.
TO NIGHT—A SONNET.
I LOVE thee, mournful sober-suited night, When the fair moon, yet ling'ring in her wane, And veil'd in clouds, with pale uncertain light Hangs o'er the waters of the restless main. In deep depression sunk, the enfeebled mind Will to the deaf, cold elements complain, And tell th' embosom'd grief, however vain, To fallen surges and the viewless wind. Though no repone on thy dark breast I find, I still enjoy thee, cheerless as thou art; For in thy quiet gloom, th' exhausted heart Is calm, though wretched; hopeless, yet resigned, While to the wind and waves its sorrows given, May reach, though lost on earth, the ear of heaven!
PARIS, June 30.
WHILE the Assembly receive on one hand the congratulatory addresses of various municipalities, districts, departments, and clubs, in different parts of the kingdom, on the other hand, every day brings accounts of officers who quit the regiments, and are retiring into foreign countries, rather than take the oaths lately prescribed by the Assembly. Some of them have been arrested, but a considerable number have escaped.
What will be the final event of all these troubles it is yet too early to foretell. The republican party now declare their sentiments as publicly, and with as little restraint, as they would on any subject of the greatest indifference. The History of Charles I. is in every body's mouth, and the club called "The Brotherly Society," who are a kind of agents to the Jacobins, have formed a petition to the National Assembly, (and by a public advertisement requested the signature of every citizen) the object of which is, without any disguise, to demand the abolishment of monarchy, and the establishment of a republican government. They speak of their majesties under the title of late king and late queen . By the bye, the word reine (queen) is effaced from the French language; the term king's wife is substituted in its place.
It is remarkable, that though so much is now depending upon the conduct of the Assembly with respect to the king, no decree or motion relating directly to him, took place during the whole sitting of Tuesday last.
His majesty is not at present in the exercise of any public function.
Appartments for the King had been made ready by the order of M. de Bouille, in the Abbey of Orval.
NATIONAL ASSEMBLY, June 29.
M. de NOAILLES, after having dwelt upon that grievance in the antient form of government, which compelled brave soldiers to leave the country from its refusing to give them rank if they were not of noble birth, proposed a decree, the object of which was to invite all French officers dispersed in foreign nations to return to their country, in order to be promoted to military rank, according to their talents and patriotism. The consideration of this decree, the Assembly referred to their Military Committee. M. de Noailles then proposed a decree to secure upon the civil list a pension to the officers, subaltern officers and guards of the company body guards suppressed two days since. This decree also the Assembly ordered to be printed, and adjourned.
M. Duport then made a report in the name of the committees of the constitution and revision, on the labours of the National Assembly.—In a long speech he enumerated what had already been completed by the Legislative Body, and what yet remained to be done. He mentioned the approaching termination of the present Legislature, and the necessity which thence arose, that the constitution should be sanctioned by the people. And in the conclusion, he proposed that there should be appointed at Paris, on the 4th of August, a Federation General, composed of the National Guards, and the Mayors of the Municipalities.
M. Rewbell was of opinion that this idea had been drawn up in a paper distributed this morning by M. Bacon, Elector of 1789, in which, after having invited his fellow-citizens to give up all views of republicanism, and to restore the pilot to the helm, he remarked, that Paris would lose twenty-five millions, if we had no longer a King, and that this capital subsisted only by the tribute of the Provinces.
M. Buzot took this occasion to demand that they should withdraw the decree, which suspends Electoral Assemblies, which he regarded as calculated to retard their labours. He added, that it was impossible that, during the harvest, the Departments should send to Paris their men and their money, and that every one ought to be allowed to take their oath to the Constitution into partial confederation.
M. D'Andre opposed the reserving of the Decree which suspends Electoral Diets. Endeavors, he understood had been carefully set to work to induce these Assemblies to form another constituting body. Of consequence, it would be dangerous to assemble the Electors in the present moment of agitation. What would be the consequence of the King's flight could not yet be known; we were still ignorant of the preparations against us; perhaps war is at our gates; and the only means of safety are a general unanimity of sentiment. M. D'Andre then demanded the adjournment of the plan of confederation, in which M. Duport readily concurred.
M. Camus demanded, that it should be disposed of by the previous question. It has recourse, said he, to adventitious aid, while in circumstances the most critical we have possessed the national confidence. I may affirm, that we have merited the admiration of all Europe. The proposed confederation would be attended with much expence and bustle; if the Assembly act with wisdom and firmness, it is always secure of the ratification of the nation.
M. Desmeuniers endeavored to prove, that this federation was necessary, in order to accelerate their labours, and obtain a still higher share of public favor.
M. Peythion observed, that the measure proposed was puerile and dangerous. If a Federation is requested to deliberate on the Constitution, it is a circumstance of degradation; it is not amidst the noise of arms that a free people deliberates; and a small number of municipal officers cannot pronounce upon the fundamental laws of the kingdom. This constitution has been ratified, it is in the hearts of the people. The Nation will perceive without concern, that the new Legislature cannot be the Constituting Body, for if they reversed all the two years of the Constitution, our government would become the most detestable of all—it would then be in reality an anarchy, all would incessantly be trouble and confusion.
After some formalities, it was decreed, that there was no room to deliberate on the plan of Federation, as at present there would be no room to deliberate on the abrogation of the Decree which suspends the Electoral Assemblies.
LONDON, June 24.
The charities of the late countess dowager of Huntingdon were so unbounded, that, though possessed of a very large fortune, and her domestic expences never exceed 600l. a year, she was always in arrears one quarter of her annual income.
The late countess of Huntingdon, in the winter of 1787, received a cover directed to her, inclosing two masquerade tickets . She paid no regard to the insult, but giving them to one of her Deacons , bid him send them to some Coffee-House at the west end of the town, and get what money he could for them, and give it to any de-

ag object of distress he thought proper. He accordingly disposed of them for a guinea, and with it, and some small addition to it, liberated a poor man from the Poultry Compter. Presence and tranquillity of mind, benevolence, penetration, and acute observation, are said to have been the science of the countess of Huntingdon. She delighted in meditation, that spring of unceasing pleasures, and true school of wisdom. It is but justice to her memory to say, that she strictly adhered to the maxim of the primitive christians, viz. "that religion consisted not in talking, but in doing good things."
Lately died at the Coal Pits, near Widenbury, in Staffordshire, Joseph Rawlin, commonly known by the appellation of the Pit Preacher, from the circumstance of his performing religious duties in the Methodistical manner, for a number of years past, among the colliers in that neighbourhood, and which he was first impelled to from ill-using Mr. J. Wesley, when preaching near that place in 1749. This singular pastor, though blind, worked on the week days as a collier, and, what is more extraordinary, distributed the most of his earnings among his auditors, in cases of sickness, &c.
In the history of mankind there are but very few instances to be found, where kings, unsolicited and uninitiated, have made a voluntary surrender of their power. There are many great sayings of great acts; but we read of none that deserves to be preferred in the judgment and estimation of mankind to the late conduct of the King of Poland. The form of the new constitution of Poland, is not merely sanctioned by the King; but dictated, framed, and fashioned in the exalted superiority of his own mind, affords a new lesson to the world. It shews a King who knows and reverences his own station; not a King of Robes and Sceptres, not a King of Diadems and Prerogatives, but a King in Mind, in Principle, a King in wisdom and virtue.
The King of Sweden arrived at Aix-la-Chapelle the 13th instant, and the next day he was visited by all the French nobility at that place.
The age of the Prince of Conde, the leader of the anti-revolutionists, is seventy . Perhaps he may think the remnant of his life but a small sacrifice to his principles!
It is to the honor of Great Britain, that she knows how to sympathize with the joy, and to acknowledge the virtue and heroic conduct of the French nation, without wantonly imitating their example. Whatever may be said by wrong-headed scholars, whom too much fancy multiplied into much learning has really and actually made mad, on the one hand; or by hot-headed and vulgar desperadoes on the other; the sensible and moderate part of the nation, the most patriotic, judicious, and able part of the community have not concealed, but avowed their congratulation with the French people restored to the rights of their Francian and Franco-Gallican ancestors. But while they acknowledge it was wisdom as well as fortitude to incur hazards in France, it would be egregious folly, they know, to unhinge the actual government of England, as there would be many chances against its ever settling again in so just an equilibrium between despotic oppression and democratical madness. Yet is not THE REVOLUTION IN FRANCE without a happy and practical influence on this kingdom. It has been observed of the reformation in religion, that the Protestants reformed the manners and the doctrines too of the Catholics, without making any impression on their outward forms and ceremonies. Just so the French revolution may be expected to operate on monarchical governments. Nor Kings, nor combined Lords, nor haughty Commoners, will hereafter dare to commit such acts of injustice and oppression as they have done.—Perhaps we may trace, in some measure, to what has happened in France, the ease with which the bill for the trial of libels by juries, that is, the liberty of the press, passed through the House of Commons. It is in this way that we wish it may operate: as a gentle alterative, not as a drastic purge.
Mrs. Hart, the fair friend of Sir William Hamilton, possesses an uncommon degree of promptitude, in placing herself in the attitudes of all the celebrated statues of antiquity. This may appear a whimsical species of accomplishment to those who have not seen a specimen of her skill in this way; but those who have been present, pronounce it a very beautiful and diverting spectacle.
On Thursday last the lady of Charles Straubenzee, Esq. of Carr-Lodge, near Wakefield, was safely delivered of a daughter, being her 18th child.
Died a few days since, at Cheshamford, near Bury in Lancashire, in his 89th year, Robert Haworth, bedder. He had resided at the above place 51 years, as tenant to five different landlords; but what is still more remarkable, he was father, grand-father, great grand-father, and great great grand-father to 174 children; twelve grand-children lived with him at his decease.
By the death of Mrs. Macauley Graham, her whole fortune goes from her husband; 400l. a year to the executors of Dr. Wilson, and the remainder to her daughter. Her personal effects are said, however, to be considerable, and they of course are her husband's.
That the people of this country should celebrate a revolution in France, is ridiculous to the highest degree. What have we to do with the constitution of another country? Our business is to look to our own, and watch all incendiaries who may attempt to inflame the minds of the people, and create another June 1780 in this metropolis.
An act of parliament is much wanted to regulate building houses, as it is lately become a practice to build on a ten years lease, and to use such materials as shall only last for that time.
FRANCE.
NATIONAL ASSEMBLY. June 13.
A member of the central committee of liquidation presented a report relative to the debt of more than four millions of livres claimed by the Duke d'Orleans. According to this report the debt is clearly proved, but other members proposed to adjourn the question, some to the Thursday following, and some to the next legislature.
M. d'Orleans, who little suspected that this latter motion would prevail, made a show of disinterestedness and generosity, by voting himself for it; and, to his great astonishment, the question was adjourned sine die .
June 19. M. Beauharnois was declared President.
The Jacobins, disappointed in their attempts to seize the Cardinal de la Rochefoucault as their prey, were resolved to issue a decree not only authorising the public accusers to do their duty, but to compel them to do it, on pain of being dismissed and punished for their neglect.
Their resolves were crowned with success: and now, the Committee of Enquiry and the public accusers will form an inquisitorial coalition, more terrible in its effects, beyond comparison, than any institution under the ancient form of Government.
"It was also decreed, that the Priests who shall retract their oath from conscientious motives, shall not receive any salary. So that this tolerating Legislature deprives of the means of subsistence all those who do not exactly think as they do; though it be utterly impossible for them to procure by any profession, except the honorable profession of begging, the means of supporting life."
An estimate of national effects was laid before the Assembly, and a new fabrication of assignats, to the extent of six hundred millions, was decreed, one hundred and sixty millions of which to be issued for the present demands of the state.
Before the conclusion of the sitting, M. d'André proposed the following decree, which was adopted:
"The National Assembly decrees that their decree of the 28th of October last, relative to the Princes who have possessions in Alsace, shall also extend to the possessions which they have in other departments: decrees also, that in the damages and the interest to be paid them, shall be included all arrears, &c. until they shall be reimbursed."
EDINBURGH, June 27.
John Cooper, who was lately convicted before the Court of Session of being a fraudulent bankrupt, and was sentenced to stand on the pillory, underwent that punishment at Aberdeen.
PORTLAND, (Mass.) August 19.
Agreeable to engagement in the last week's Gazette, the result of the survey of the Committee chosen by several towns in this county, for the purpose of ascertaining the practicability of opening a canal from Sebago pond, into Presumpscot river, or, building Sluice-ways is inserted.
The following contains a brief account of the survey, as minuted by the Clerk of the Committee.
"Observations of the Committee, chosen by several towns in this county, for the purpose of viewing the situation of that part of Sebago Pond lying near* and joining Presumpscot River, in order to ascertain the practicability of opening a canal, or building Sluice-ways from said pond into said river. The Committee after a regular survey find that,
  1st. From Sebago to the first Otter Pond water level, surface of the Otter, Do. of Sebago, feet 34 23 1-2   30 rods distance, leave a fall of 10 1-2   2d. Water level of first Otter Pond, Second do. 48 41   20 rods leave a fall of 7   3d. Water level to the great Swamp, Second Otter do. 60 25   40 rods leave a fall of 35   The fall of water level, between Sebago and the great Swamp, (which is 90 rods distance) is 52 1-2 feet. 
The Committee estimate the expenses of digging, &c. at 1800l. Damages that would be sustained by individuals, in consequence of overflowing their lands, 1200l."
DESCRIPTION OF SEBAGO.
Sebago Pond lies about 14 miles from the sea-coast, is 20 miles in length, and 12 in breadth; is bounded on the S. W. and W. by
* Where the Canal is proposed to be cut is at some distance; and the making sluice-ways down the river from the Out-let, would be more expensive and difficult.
Standish and Falmouth; on the S. E. and E. by Gorham and Windham; on the N. E. and N. by Raymondton. It is an island, containing about 700 acres of excellent land, well watered, affords a plentiful supply of fish, among which are Salmon-trout of the largest size known in this country.
Easterly from Sebago, about 6 miles, lies little Sebago, communicating with great Sebago by a small river. Northerly from Sebago runs Crooked River, 12 miles in length, navigable for small boats. Northerly from Sebago, two and an half miles, lies Brandy Pond, one mile in width, communicating with Sebago by a river, which runs through it—and one mile further, nearly the same course, lies Long Pond (communicating by the same river) fourteen miles in length and two in breadth, navigable for small boats. From Long Pond North, extends a river, navigable for small boats, its length not ascertained, communicating with small ponds. A little to the Westward runs Muddy river 9 miles in length. N. W. ten miles, runs North-West river navigable.
It is supposed that lumber, produce, &c. (should the above-mentioned canal be effected) might be brought to Saccarappa Falls (7 miles from Portland) 60 or 70 miles from the country.
The amazing quantities of oak and pine timber, suitable for every necessary use here, and exportation would open a source of business not easily to be conceived of—Add to this the transportation of Maple-Sugar, the manufacture of which is greatly increasing among us.
Pot and Pearl Ashes, Iron, &c. are now brought to this market, 100 miles distance—a water carriage would not only make the transportation easier to the Manufacturer, but enable him to afford his commodities at a cheaper rate.
NEW-HAVEN, August 24.
Extract of a letter from the Rev. Joseph Lathrop, of West-Springfield, to the President of Yale-College, dated July 18, 1791.
"AS I am writing, I beg leave to communicate a little incident, which may perhaps give some light in the natural history of birds. A neighbor of mine, having, occasion to go into the meeting-house, with some others, late in autumn, after the cold weather had commenced, observed one of those beautiful birds called humbirds, perched on a nail, in an attitude so natural that he at first imagined it to be alive. With caution he approached, and laid his hand gently upon it, and found it stiff and lifeless. While he and others were handling and examining the curious little creature, he discovered a small degree of motion, which induced him to put it into his bosom, where, in a short time, it recovered perfect animation, and all the agility of a humbird in summer. This instance has, in some measure, confirmed an opinion, which I have long entertained, that many of our summer-birds continue among us through the winter, in a torpid insensible state. If the bird above mentioned could be so soon reanimated by the warmth of a human body, why may not others be capable of reviviscence in the beams of the vernal sun?
"A curiosity of a different kind, relating to the human species, I will take the liberty to mention.—A young man in this town, some years since, was in consequence of bathing in water, visited with a peculiar kind of disorder, which operated by paroxysms. When a fit seized him, he would at first fall down; but in a moment or two rise, possessed of an agility far superior to what was natural. In two or three hours, and sometimes sooner, the fit would pass off and leave him in his usual state, and, to appearance, in health. But what was most remarkable in his case, was the state of his mind. While he was in a fit, he perfectly remembered things which had occurred in all preceding fits, but nothing which had happened in the intervals, or in the time prior to his disorder. In the intervals, all his fits and every thing which had passed in them were totally obliterated; but he could distinctly recollect the occurrences of former intervals. The time of his fits appeared to him in continuity, as did also his healthful periods—when one was present, the other was lost. If in the time of a fit, he took up any business, he would drop it when the fit ceased, without any recollection of the matter; and when the fit returned he would resume the business without any idea of his having discontinued it. The case was the same, if he undertook any thing in the intervals of his disorders. In short he seemed to have two distinct minds, which acted by turns independently of each other. In the space I think, of about two years, in the use of a particular remedy, his fits left him and he was reduced to a simple consciousness. The remedy, which cured him or deprived him of one of his souls, I have not been able to learn, the family having lost the recipe.
"The above account I received from his father, and from others of the family."
NASSAU, August 5.
A new flag was displayed here on Wednesday; it was that of the Creek nation, worn by a vessel in which General Bowles and the Indian Chiefs embarked, on their return to the American continent.
A writer in the European Magazine of April last, thus concludes an account of the above mentioned persons—"The principal business of the Ambassadors from the Creek country to England, was to procure a remission of some of the articles of the free port act. In this they have been successful."
This, we understand, has allusion to vessels wearing the Indian flag, being put on the same footing in the free ports, with vessels of foreign European powers.

CHARLESTON, (S. C.) August 10.
Mr. BOWEN, However interesting and important your Herald is reputed for your happy selection of literary and political communications, I have been surprised at the silence of our citizens on the zeal of the Intendant and Wardens to erect a mansion for the orphan—to shelter the helpless from the gripe of famine, and to rear up, in virtue, the female, who otherwise unsupported, might fly to the covert of dishonor for support; while the youth, thus preserved and educated, may be expected to shine in some mechanic art, acquiring subsistence with honor, instead of seeking precarious support by depredations on the public.
To what a torrent of scribbling malignity against official characters, we have submitted last winter, and yet no pen has been occupied to bestow just praise on the noblest exertion of the soul, which the candid have observed with admiration these few weeks past. We have seen the head of the corporation, and a number of respectable members, suppliants for charity and advocates for the raiment and education of the destitute and exposed. We have heard holy men co-operating with their endeavours, and in the language of their heart, and in the name of the Sovereign of all Mercies, supplicating the wealthy to defend and succour the needy and the innocent. Their prayers were not in vain; and for the honor of human nature, if any heart was cold or contracted, it animated and expanded by their divine eloquence. How delicious the scene to the pathetic pensioner of an hour. The hand that gave was instantaneously rewarded by the ecstatic raptures of the soul.—Gracious Benevolence, how delicious is thy draught!—As this sacred function is congenial with the soul, no wonder the flame should be diffusive. This subject will be resumed to-morrow at the Synagogue, where, doubtless, we may have an opportunity to observe a mixed assemblage of men opposed in religious tenets, perfectly united in this divine attribute of God, without which, profession is mockery and religion unsubstantial.
BOSTON, August 29.
Extract of a letter from Cape-Francois, dated August 6, 1791, to the Editors, brought by Capt. Joseph Howland, who arrived here on Friday last, in 18 days from the Cape.
“Some of the members of our new Assemblée Coloniale , have met at Leogane, near Port-au-Prince, for the purpose of executing the legislative part of the government of this colony. As soon as the body is formed, they will fix on a place to hold their sessions in future. Whether they will decide in favor of this place, Port-au-Prince, St. Mark, the Mole or Leogane, is as yet uncertain.”
“The decree of the National Assembly, respecting the entire freedom of the Mulattoes, is very ill received in the colony. The provincial assembly at this place, have written to the King, the National Assembly, and the people of France, in different addresses on the subject.—Other bodies, of merchants, officers of the volunteers, &c. &c. have had meetings likewise; and have voted and resolved similar to the meetings in New-England, previous to the commencement of the last war.
“These things portend future disturbances here; and the measures already adopted speak the troubles at no great distance. The forts in and about the town are putting in order. At the Pacolet, a fort which commands the entrance into the harbour, commissaries are appointed to keep an eye upon the garrison stationed there.—At the entrance of the town by land, the forts have been put in order; and others in different places are not neglected: All these preparations are making on account of the expected arrival of a considerable fleet, with 5,000 troops from France, which is looked for daily, and which, almost unanimously, the colony are determined to oppose, should they attempt to enforce the decree above mentioned;—and it is certain this is the errand of the fleet from Bourdeaux. To prevent their entrance here, a chain is preparing to put a cross the channel, which will serve at least as a momentary check to their passage, while the fire from the Pacolet will do it effectually.—I can say nothing decisive what else will be done to prevent the execution of the decree, which every one is enthusiastically enraged at.”
* They have adjourned to Cape-Francois.
N E W - Y O R K, August 31.
An opinion has too much prevailed with women who suckle their children, that indulging themselves in the use of fruits and vegetables has a tendency to gripe their infants, and generate wind in their bowels. It would be a good rule for them, on this occasion, to consider, that on the preservation of their own general good health, the health and thriftiness of their infants will materially depend, and that, if I judge right, the free and judicious use of ripe fruits and vegetables are most likely to procure these happy advantages to both, and the suspicion of their disagreeing with either is founded in error.
Philadelphia, September 7.
Extract of a letter from Boston, August 25.
“I have seen the publication signed a “real friend to public credit,” it is a judicious calculation, and a truly sentimental performance, and may be of real service to the people in general. It is extraordinary that your Quaker City should dash beyond the Yorkers; however this spirit has certainly raised public funds, and tended to strengthen the general interest and the government; the excess will find its own cure. It is the opinion of some of our wise men that our funds will in a few months be equal to the British; that the operation of the bank, the encreasing emigrations, sale of lands—growing imports and exports, extending navigation, &c. &c. must all greatly contribute to this point. The navigation of this port has greatly exceeded this year, what it was the last, it is said nearly forty per cent.”
Emigrations from England to France, as from tyranny to freedom, would be a novelty in the history of the world—and yet, strange as it may appear, the idea is contemplated by some persons in England, as an event not the most distant or improbable. One good turn deserves another; it is about a century only, since Great Britain was the asylum of thousands of Frenchmen, who fled from the despotism of Louis le grand. At present the emigrations from France are a new thing under the sun, they consist of refugees from a country, now said to be the most free of any in Europe.
So many dangers attend the perpetuation of any office whatever, by hereditary succession, that the people of America ought to tremble at the idea of seeing a law passed, to establish even hereditary Bailiffs or Constables; lest, in the course of a few years, those officers should, like Pharaoh's magicians, convert their wands into serpents, and claim the privilege of stinging their fellow-citizens to death, by hereditary right. Amer. Dai. Adv.
MANUFACTURES.
“In every country where perfect freedom is allowed to individuals to follow what business they please, every inequality between the employer and the employed, will eventually find its natural level, without the regulating efforts of any man, or any civil authority.”—This remark peculiarly applies to manufacturers in this country.—It has been insinuated that the establishment of manufactures will tend to make menials of our citizens, while they are immersed in the factories constructed for carrying on the works.—But let it be remembered, that we are all under the protection of just and equal laws, that every man is free to choose what occupation he pleases, and that our boundless western territories will forever afford a retreat from domestic imposition, as they now do from foreign tyranny.
It is highly probable that much higher wages can be afforded to manufacturers and artists, than are usually paid to those descriptions of persons in Europe, particularly in Great Britain—for it is very evident that while the great body of manufacturers continue poor and dependant, the proprietors amass immense fortunes.
The establishment of manufactures in this country has long been a very desirable event—This will afford a new source of employment for the poor, which will be constantly increasing; it will open a new demand for the productions of agriculture, and encrease the consumption of our raw materials, which are now exported, and sold to foreigners almost upon their own terms.—It will enlarge the consumption of provisions in proportion to the number of hands which might otherwise be employed in Agriculture, and thus furnish a ready market for the surplus of our fields, when disappointed by the flourishing crops, or the caprice of European countries.
SAYS A CORRESPONDENT,
All circumstances seem to concur to raise our national importance; but the greatest prospects may be over-rated, and no doubt our's will be;—however this has not been the case hitherto, for there have been ten whose calculations have fallen short, to one, whose anticipations have gone too far. When the whole monied capital of this country is brought into active circulation, (as it will be by the establishment of public credit) aided by the bank, money will be much plentier with men who have real property; the holders of public stock may then put their whole capital into the funds, and hire money for their necessary purposes in business—this will enable them to be much greater stock holders than otherwise they could be.—Many will be further induced to do this from a prevailing opinion that money in the funds at 4 per cent. is preferable to 6 per cent. on loans made to individuals. There is a universal desire to hold stock in the public funds—this is the spirit and sentiment of the present times—these circumstances have conducted to raise the value of stock, and will continue to raise it, much more than all the foreign speculations. But foreign purchases are not to cease because the stocks are high.—It is with men of great capitals in Europe as it is here; they like to have property in different funds, and in different countries—they justly suppose it is a greater security against the contingencies which happen to men and nations. At this period Europe is convulsed, revolutions follow revolutions, monarchies are overturned, property rendered insecure. America, too young, has a name for unexampled prospects—her progress in raising her credit is unparalleled; the men of great fortunes therefore in Europe, may wisely place part of their property in the funds of these States, that if their old foundations shake, they may have a supporting hope from the rising empire in the western world.
From a Correspondent in North-Carolina.
In this State there is not such a flow of national ideas, as there is in the Northern and middle States; we are over-run with English and Scotch adventurers, factors, and settlers, who engross the trade and corrupt the morals of the people by their examples; while our old citizens are too apt to be servile imitators of the manners and customs of these Europeans, so much so that we can't think for ourselves, nor spurn the chains with which they cramp our trade. There are upwards of ten thousand Scots in one county only. The government as a State is not upon so respectable a footing as I think it ought to be; the Governor's salary is low, and all the appointments in the State are on the same scale.—We do not see that form and order in doing public business which prevails elsewhere, and which is necessary to inspire that decent respect for each other which should subsist between rulers and people. We have no schools—no provision is made by law for the support and encouragement of learning. The last session, efforts were made by the eastern members to establish a seminary, but it could not be done—the house would not grant more than £50 when 3000 was necessary. As to business, since the establishment of the new government it is much altered and encreased—the goods brought into the country have been to an immense amount, to what were heretofore imported—money has grown scarce—silver nearly as plenty as paper. The bank system must extend the influence of the general government; it is a wise and politic measure.
How it happens I will not pretend to say, but so we think the fact is, that some of the Southern members of Congress have been more truly republican in their speeches, than the Eastern: There is one idea however in which the people of this State agree with the Northern States, and that is respecting being the carriers of our own produce to market. It is a general opinion that the shipping owned by the citizens of the United States is at this time sufficient to carry off all our exports. The federal interest will and does encrease here—notwithstanding there is too much of a disposition to depreciate our national character and importance, owing principally to the foreign influence before mentioned.
Some persons have expressed an apprehension that the interests of trade and commerce would suffer, and consequently the public revenue be diminished by speculations in the funds; but there is no just foundation of fear on this head. The commerce of this country is keeping pace with our other improvements, and must on every principle of calculation continue to encrease. This consideration affords the most pleasing reflections on our prospects—the increase of the revenue from the present duties, while it will enable administration more rapidly to diminish the public debt, agreeable to the law enacted for that purpose,—will also entirely preclude the necessity of any additional burthens on the people. While the funds are on the rise, the excess of private capitals will be attracted towards it—but this must necessarily be a temporary business—a casual stream diverted from the broad deep channel of the commerce of our country, “which as it flows, forever will flow on.”
By an arrival at New-York, from Liverpool, English papers are received to the 15th July; they inform that the Avignon army continue to commit great devastation in that country—that Carpentras is yet besieged—that an earthquake has been felt at Rochelle in France—that hostilities have recommenced between the Turks and Austrians; that a fire had consumed the Admiralty building in Amsterdam, with naval stores sails cordage, &c. enough for 13 ships of the line.—That favorable accounts had been received by the British from India; that no fleet was to sail for the Baltic this season; that Vienna and all Hungary exhibits nothing but an appearance of war; that the Russians made an attempt to surprize Brailow, but without effect—and that the Captain Pacha had failed in search of the Russian fleet on the Black Sea.
Agreeably to the late act of Assembly, empowering the Governor to appoint Notaries Public, the following gentlemen have been commissioned as Notaries for the City of Philadelphia:
CLEMENT BIDDLE, LEWIS WEISS, EDWARD FOX, ASHBETON HUMPHREYS. PETER STEPHEN DU PONCEAU,
TOASTS drank at the Hotel of the Minister* Resident of the United States of America, in Lisbon, on the 4th of July, 1791.
 1. The DAY, and the remembrance of those who had an agency in making it memorable.  2. The President.  3. The Queen of Portugal and friendly powers of Europe.  4. An extensive, happy, and durable intercourse between the subjects of her Most Faithful Majesty and the Citizens of the United States of America.  5. May the prejudices of nations give place to universal benevolence.  6. The Legislature of the United States,  7. The different branches of the Executive of the United States,  8. The Agriculture of the United States.  9. The Commerce of the United States.  10. The Manufactures of the United States.  11. The Literature and Arts of the United States.  12. May Americans where-soever dispersed remember their country, and do credit to it.  13. The fair Daughters of America.  14. Additional prosperity from the accession of States.  15. Happiness to mankind. 
* Col. HUMPHREYS.
Died in New-York on Thursday last, after a short illness, WILLIAM MALCOLM, Esq. Brigadier-General of the militia, of that state. A citizen who has left a large family to deplore the loss of an affectionate father.—A citizen who united in his character, the amiable qualities of an unshrinking patriot, a steady and sincere friend, and an honest man.
OUR City Boys are grown so bad, All admonitions scorning, That Andrew whips them over night, And Johnny in the morning.
The pavement cannot rest in peace, With iron'd tops they peg it— They squib our women in the streets, And then like heroes leg it.
French, Spaniards, Irish emigrants, They maltreat as they're walking; They stare them out of countenance, Or mock them while they're talking.
What shall be done to these vile boys To keep them in due order? Let them be taught by broken bones, Or any thing, but murder—
Let Carlisle with his myrmidons, Seize on the raggamuffins; And pack them off to jail like rogues, Street robbers, thieves or ruffians.
For such another plaguy gang I'm sure there's not in Dublin, Who in the Gazettes, night and morn, The world itself are troubling.
Ye boys and lads, both great and small, These dreadful threatenings ponder, Lest on your heads great paragraphs* Should fall like claps of thunder.
“Ye parents who have children dear, O think what ills may come; To have them safe and sound abroad, They must be kept at home.”
* See American Daily Advertiser of yesterday.
From PELOSI'S MARINE LIST.
   ARRIVALS at the PORT of PHILADELPHIA.     Brig James, Roe, Cape-Francois   Ceres, Cheeseman, Boston   Sacra Famiglia, Lando, Havanna   Schooner Friendship, Welsh, Charleston   Sloop Fame, Balden, Turk's-Island   Swallow, Gwandell, New-York   Ranger, Barrett, Boston  
PRICE CURRENT.—PUBLIC SECURITIES.
   FUNDED DEBT.     6 pr. Cents 21/ pr. £. 105 pr. cent.   3 pr. Cents 12 3/4 12 1/2 62 do.   Deferred 6 pr. Cents 12 3/8 12 1/2 63 3/4 do.   UNFUNDED DEBT.   Final Sett. and other Certificates 20/6 102 1/2 do.   Indents 12/6 62 1/2 do.   N. and S. Carolina debts, 14/6.   Bank Subscriptions, 160 165 Dollars.  
LOUISIANA.
ALL those persons who have an inclination to settle on the rich lands of the Mississippi, can have a passage to New Orleans about the 20th of October next. Each single man on his arrival there, will have a grant of two hundred and forty acres of land, in fee simple, gratis, without rents or taxes; and each married man, a larger quantity, in proportion to the number of his family. For further particulars, enquire of Messrs. STEWART & NESBITT, No. 15, South Water-Street.
Philadelphia, Sept. 7, 1791.

CENSUS of the several States, so far as returns are made into the office of the Secretary of State. No returns being yet received from those marked with an asterisk, their numbers are stated conjecturally, in order to give an idea of the aggregate amount of the whole.
Table with 8 columns: DISTRICTS, Free white males of 16 years & upwards, Free white females under sixteen years, Free white females, including heads of families, All other free persons, Slaves, Total, Members of Congress, Factions. Rows include Vermont, New-Hampshire, Maine, Massachusetts, Rhode-Island, Connecticut, New-York, New-Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, Kentucky, North-Carolina, South-Carolina, Georgia.
A PERIODICAL PUBLICATION, TO BE ENTITLED,
THE ANNUAL REGISTER, AND POLITICAL REPOSITORY OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,
This work will contain a history of the PROCEEDINGS and DEBATES of CONGRESS, from the beginning of the session which will commence in October next.
Secondly—STATE PAPERS. Under this head, will be comprised the Reports and Statements of the executive officers of government, including those which have already been made, official correspondence with foreign powers, &c.
Thirdly—THE STATE OF THE UNION. This important article will show our situation with regard to foreign nations, by advertizing to treaties, whether concluded or pending, hostilities, and commercial intercourse.
Fourthly—IMPROVEMENTS. In every profession, art, and science. Fifthly—MEDICAL OBSERVATIONS. On the increase and decrease of diseases, &c.
Sixthly—NATURAL HISTORY, Particularly that of America. Seventhly—CHARACTERS. Eighthly—MISCELLANEOUS ESSAYS.
Which may be thought worthy of being preserved from oblivion, on philosophical, historical, biographical, agricultural, mechanical, commercial, and other subjects, calculated to amuse the mind, or advance the best interests of society.
Ninthly—POETRY—original and selected. Tenthly—A REVIEW OF BOOKS, American only; to which will be added, a list of new European publications, indicating such as may be deemed particularly valuable in this country.
Eleventhly—A CHRONICLE. Of the most interesting events of each year, selected from the various newspapers, and methodically arranged.
To the history of the proceedings and debates of Congress, in the first volume of this work, will be prefixed the Constitution of the United States of America, together with a sketch of the proceedings, and the names of the members, of the first Congress assembled under the auspices of the constitution.
Each volume of the ANNUAL REGISTER, and POLITICAL REPOSITORY of the UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, will contain at least 500 pages, octavo, and be printed on good paper, with a handsome type, equal to that with which the Editor's edition of the Laws of the United States is printed.
PUBLIC SECURITIES, Bought and Sold, on COMMISSION, by SAMUEL ANDERSON, CHESENU-STREET, next door to the Bank, No. 97. MASSACHUSETTS SEMI-ANNUAL, AND NEW-HAVEN LOTTERY TICKETS, To be had at the same place.
Blank Powers to receive the Interest, and for the transfer of the principal of public debt, agreeable to the Rules established in the Treasury Department: Also Blanks for abstracts of Certificates, to be sold by the Editor.
The JOURNAL of the THIRD SESSION of the SENATE of the UNITED STATES, may be had of the Editor hereof.
New-Haven Wharf Lottery.
THE Legislature of the State of Connecticut, at their session in December last, granted a Lottery for the purpose of extending Union Wharf, in the harbour of New-Haven, to the channel; and appointed the subscribers managers, who having given bond for the faithful discharge of their trust, present the public with the following
Table with 3 columns: S, C, H, E, M, E. Prize of 10,000 Dollars, is 10,000. Prize of 5000 is 5000. Prize of 4000 is 4000. Prize of 2000 is 2000. Prize of 1000 is 1000. Prize of 500 is 500. Prize of 200 is 200. Prize of 100 is 100. Prize of 50 is 50. Prize of 40 is 40. Prize of 30 is 30. Prize of 20 is 20. Prize of 10 is 10. Prize of 8 is 8.
5842 Prizes. 11658 Blanks. 17500 Tickets, at Five Dollars each, is 87500. NOT TWO BLANKS TO A PRIZE. Subject to a deduction of twelve and a half per cent.
The public utility of extending this wharf, is too evident to require any comment, to those who are acquainted with the town and harbour of New-Haven; to those who are not, suffice it to say, that its beautiful situation is not surpassed, if equalled by any; being in the heart of a country, which may, with propriety, be said to be the garden of America.
The drawing will positively commence at the State-House, in New-Haven, on the 13th of September next, or sooner, if the tickets are sold. A list of the fortunate numbers will be published, and the prizes paid on demand, by the managers.
MANAGERS: JAMES RICE, MICHAEL TODD, JEREMIAH ATWATER, ELIJAH AUSTIN, JOSEPH DRAKE, JOSEPH HOWELL. New-Haven, April 14. 1791.
Public Notice is hereby given,
to all whom these presents shall come, or in any wise concern. That JAMES GARDNER, late of Wilmington, North-Carolina, deceased, did make four promissory notes payable to SAMUEL JACKSON, of Philadelphia, Merchant, all bearing date the 19th July, 1785, one for three hundred and seventy-one pounds, payable in six months—one for seven hundred and forty two pounds, in nine months—one for seven hundred and forty pounds, in twelve months—and one for seven hundred and forty-five pounds thirteen shillings and three-pence, in fifteen months, amounting in the whole to two thousand five hundred and ninety-eight pounds thirteen shillings and three-pence, and payable in produce at Wilmington.
These are therefore to caution all persons from purchasing said notes as they will not be taken up. THOMAS WRIGHT, ROBERT SCOTT, M. R. WILLKINGS, Executors. Wilmington, North-Carolina, 27th May, 1791.
PHILADELPHIA, 20th July, 1791. THE Commissioners appointed to receive Subscriptions to the Bank of the United States, do hereby, agreeable to law, inform the Stockholders of the said Bank, that an election for twenty-five Directors will be held at the City-Hall in Philadelphia, on Friday the 21st day of October next, at 10 o'clock in the morning.
THOMAS WILLING, DAVID RITTENHOUSE, SAMUEL HOWELL. ADVERTISEMENT. BY late arrivals from France, the Editor has received from No. 10 to 31, both inclusive, of a Publication which comes out twice a week in Paris, entitled, "CORRESPONDANCE NATIONALE."
PRICE CURRENT.—PHILADELPHIA.
PER QUANTITY. SEPTEMBER 7.—DOLLARS at 7/6.
Table with 4 columns: Item, Price, Item, Price. Includes Anchors, Alum, Ashes, Arrack, Brandy, Braziletto, Bricks, Bread, Beer, Boards, Beef, Butcher, Cedar, Coal, Coffee, Cinnamon, Cheese, Candles, Cotton, Currants, Cloves, Copperas, Cordage, Cocoa, Duck, Flour, Flax, Fustic, Feathers, Flaxseed, Glue, Ginger, Grain, Gunpowder, Hemp, Herring, Hides, Hops, Indigo, Irons, Lead, Leather, Lignum vitae, Logwood, Malt, Mackarel, Mace, Mustard, Molasses, Marble, Mahogany, Nails, Oil, Wine, Spirits, Staves, Skins, Teas, Tobacco, Tin, Varnish, etc.
COURSE OF EXCHANGE. Bills of Exchange, London, 90 days, 73. Ditto 60 days, 74. Ditto 30 days, 75. Amsterdam, 60 days, 314. pr. guilders, 22 1/2 314. 30 days, 314. Government bills, drawn at 10 days per 11 guilders, 33 3/4.
PUBLISHED, and to be sold by the Editor, price 1/4 of a Dollar, TWENTY-SIX LETTERS, On the most important Subjects, Respecting the REVOLUTION of AMERICA. Written in Holland in the year 1780, By the VICE-PRESIDENT of the United States.