The national intelligencer and Washington advertiser. (Washington City [D.C.]), 1801-07-24 00:00:00

The National Intelligencer,
AND WASHINGTON ADVERTISER.
VOL. I. WASHINGTON CITY, PRINTED BY SAMUEL HARRISON SMITH, NEW-JERSEY AVENUE, NEAR THE CAPITOL. No. CXIV.
FIVE DOLLS. PER ANN.
FRIDAY, JULY 24th, 1801.
PAID IN ADVANCE.
A SCOW.
To be Sold, if applied for immediately, An excellent SCOW, 38 feet long, by 11 feet wide, lined throughout with 1 1/4th inch plank, and is now in thorough repair, and well calculated for carrying grain or sand, or six cords wood per load. It may be seen at Dyer's ferry, Eastern Branch, where the terms may be known by applying to JOHN L. NAYLOR, or to BENJ. MOORE, in the New-Jersey Avenue.
July 20, 1801. dgt
Intending to leave the city in
October next, I am desirous of disposing of my Furniture, two Negro Men, one a cook, the other an officer and coachman, and a pair of very well gaited Riding Horses.
It may be a convenience to any family removing here, and taking the house I now occupy upon rent, to take the Furniture (which is but little worn) by purchase. The house, one of the six buildings on Pennsylvania Avenue, is pleasantly and conveniently situated, and the furniture, which is tolerably well fitted to it, will be reduced in price in proportion to the wear and tare, and change of fashion, shall have made right.
ENJAMIN GRAYSON ORR.
July 20, 1801. cp4w
Public Sale of Provisions
At the NAVY YARD, Washington.
On MONDAY next, the 27th inst. if fair, otherwise the next fair day, at 11 o'clock in the forenoon, will be sold to the highest bidder,
  35 Barrels Beef,  35 Barrels Pork,    7000 lb. Ship bread,  18 Barrels Flour,    4 Barrels Indian meal,  5 1-2 Quintals codfish,    3 Puncheons molasses,  A quantity breadstuff,  
Some bread, and a small quantity of cheese, slightly damaged.—Notes at 60 days with approved endorsers, negotiable at the banks of Columbia or Alexandria, will be received in payment.
THOMAS TINGEY, Superintendent, &c.
Navy-Yard, July 22, 1801. 5f
For Sale and to Rent,
TWO elegant two story Brick DWELLING HOUSES, situate on the south side of Pennsylvania Avenue, a little to the west of the President's Square. Each house contains two parlours and passage on first floor; on second, two rooms with fire-places, and well finished garrets, cellars and kitchens. In the front of the buildings extending to the avenue, is a neat yard planted with trees, palisaded, &c. The situation, in point of health and contiguity to the public buildings, is equal to any in the city, and is well adapted for private families, or to accommodate genteel Boarders. The title is indisputable. The terms will be moderate for part cash or slaves. For particulars inquire of OWEN ROBERTS, on the premises, or of
THOMAS HERTY, Conveyancer City of Washington, May 25, 1801. 1y
The subscriber respectfully ac-
quaints the public, that he has removed to the corner of Ninth and E streets, where he continues to manufacture and sell all kinds of Ornaments for Chimney pieces, Door Caps, Frontispieces, Metal Sashes, &c. which may also be had at his store No. 51, Barclay Street, New-York, and at Mr. WILD's store, Market Street, Baltimore.
GEORGE ANDREWS.
Who has gold leaf for sale by the package or book
May 8, 1801. 1y
NAVY DEPARTMENT, JULY 6, 1801.
Notice is hereby given,
THAT PROPOSALS will be received at the office of the Secretary of the Navy until the 31st inst. inclusively, for the supply of all Rations which may be required for the Marine Corps, from the 1st day of October next, to the 30th day of September 1802, at the City of Washington, at Baltimore, at Norfolk, or any other place or places, where marines may be recruited, marched or stationed, within the states of Maryland or Virginia:—The Ration to consist of eighteen ounces of bread or flour, or where neither can be obtained, of one quart of rice or one and an half pound of sifted or bolted Indian meal, one and a quarter pound of fresh beef, one pound salted beef, or three quarters of a pound of salted pork, and when fresh meat is issued, salt at the rate of two quarts for every hundred rations; one half gill of rum, whiskey or other ardent spirits; soap, at the rate of four pounds candles at the rate of one and an half pound, and vinegar at the rate of two quarts, for every hundred rations. The price of the several component parts of the ration, as well as substitutes and alternatives must be specified.
H. DEARBORN, Acting Secretary of Navy.
A PORTRAIT OF M. D'ALEMBERT, BY HIMSELF.
M. D'ALEMBERT has nothing remarkable in his figure, either good or bad. He cannot form a judgment of his own physiognomy; but it is said to be commonly ironical and malicious. It is indeed, strikingly marked with ridicule, for which, perhaps, he is not without some talent, and it would not be surprising, if corresponding impressions should sometimes be apparent in his countenance.
His conversation is very unequal, sometimes serious, sometimes gay, according to the state of his mind; very frequently ill connected, but never tiresome or pedantic. No one who sees him can doubt that he has devoted the greater part of his life to profound study. The dose of wit which makes an ingredient in his conversation, is neither so strong nor so abundant as to give uneasiness, or to outrage the self-love of any person; and, fortunately for him, he has no more wit than he shews; for he would not fail to shew what he had from no other impulse than his absolute inability to repress his inclination in that particular. Every one therefore is at ease in his company, without any attempt on his part to interrupt; and it is apparent that he makes no such attempts, which procures him every where a kind reception. His gaiety, sometimes even to puerility, and the contrast of this boyish mirth with the scientific reputation, whether well or ill founded, which he has acquired, is another reason why he generally pleases, though he seldom makes this his object. He only wishes to amuse and divert those whom he regards.
M. D'ALEMBERT rarely enters into argument, and never with acrimony: not that he is not sometimes disposed to maintain his own opinion; but he feels so little anxious to prevail over others, that he is not much concerned about bringing them over to his way of thinking.
Besides, very few subjects without the pale of the accurate sciences appear to him to admit such evidences as to preclude freedom of opinion; and his favorite maxim is, That a man may say what he pleases almost upon every subject.
Perspicuity and justness form the leading characters of his mind. In the study of the higher geometry he has acquired some ability and great facility, which procured him great reputation in investigations of that kind. This facility has allowed him some leisure to cultivate literature with some success. His style is concise, clear and precise, commonly easy, without pretension, though chaste, sometimes a little dry, but never uncouth, more energetic than ardent, more just than poetical, and more dignified than insinuating.
Having been devoted to retirement and labour till he had passed his twenty-fifth year, he entered very late into the world, and never was able to give it much pleasure. He could never bring himself to learn its usages and its language, and perhaps he is not free from a sort of little vanity which makes him despise them. He is not, however, on any occasion unpolite; because he is neither rude nor morose; but he is sometimes uncivil, from inattention or ignorance. Compliments embarrass him, because he has not always ready the formula by which they are to be answered. His conversation possesses neither gallantry nor grace; and he says obliging things, only because he thinks them, and because those to whom he addresses them are agreeable to him. Thus the leading features of his character are frankness and truth, often somewhat clownish, but never offensive.
Impatient and choleric in a violent degree, contradiction and insult make on M. D'ALEMBERT an impression so lively, that he is not always master of it; but it dissipates while he is expressing his feelings of it. At bottom he is very gentle, easily pleased, more complaisant than he appears, and governed with great facility provided he does not perceive that he is governed; for his love of independence rises to such a pitch of enthusiasm that he has often refused things which would have been agreeable to him, if he had not foreseen that they would have brought him under some constraint—a disposition which drew from one of his
friends the well founded remark, That M. D'ALEMBERT was the slave of his liberty.
Some people call him wicked, for no other reason than because he does not scruple to laugh at the foolish pretences which disgust him. But, if that be a wickedness, it is the only one of which he is capable. He has neither spleen nor patience to go farther; and it would make him miserable to think that any one, even of those who have taken the most pains to injure him, should be made unhappy by his means. Not that he forgets injurious attempts and actions; but he knows no other method of revenge than a constant refusal of his friendship and confidence to those of whom he has reason to complain.
His own experience, and the example of others, have taught M. D'ALEMBERT that he ought to distrust mankind in general; but his extreme openness does not permit him to exercise his distrust with any one in particular. He cannot bring himself to believe that he is deceived; and this defect (for it certainly is such, though originating in a good principle) produces in him one still greater, namely, that of being too easily susceptible of the impressions intended to be made on him.
Without a family, and without connections of any kind, early abandoned to his fate, habituated from his infancy to an obscure and confined, but free manner of life; happily born with some talents and few passions, M. D'ALEMBERT has found in study and in his natural gaiety, a remedy against the state of desertion in which he was placed. He has preserved a sort of excellence in the world without too much anxiety about it, and without the assistance of any person. As he owes nothing, except to nature and to himself, he is ignorant of low cunning and management, arts so necessary to men who make their court to the great in order to arrive at wealth; nay so great is his contempt of names and titles, that he had the imprudence to prefix that sentiment to one of his works.—This made him so many enemies among the haughty and powerful class of men, that they wished him to be thought the most vain being upon earth; but he is only high spirited and independent, and more apt to appreciate himself below than above his real value.
Although his vanity is by no means so excessive as many people think, he is not insensible to its influence; he is even very sensible to the first impression, both of praise and reproach; but in a moment reflection restores the balance of his mind, and makes him regard panegyric with indifference, and satire with contempt.
His maxim is, That a literary man who wishes to raise his reputation on a durable basis, should attend very much to what he writes, sufficiently to what he does, and moderately to what he says. M. D'ALEMBERT regulates his conduct by this principle; he says many foolish things, writes but few, and does none.
No man carries disinterestedness to a greater length. But as he has no wants or caprices to gratify, those virtues cost him little, that he deserves no praise for them; for they are rather a diminution of vice than an increase of goodness.
As there are but few persons whom he truly regards, and as to those few he makes no parade of affection; those who do not thoroughly know him suppose him to be incapable of friendship. No man, however, takes a more lively interest in the happiness or the misfortunes of his friends. Their interests deprive him of sleep, and on their account he thinks no sacrifice too great.
His soul, naturally sensible, loves to entertain agreeable sentiments, and hence it is at once inclined to be gay and melancholy. To this last impression, indeed, it surrenders itself with a sort of delight; and this natural bias of his mind to a pensive mood very much qualifies him for writing on mournful and pathetic subjects.
With such a disposition it will not appear surprising, that in his youth M. D'ALEMBERT was susceptible of the most lively, the most tender, and the most delightful of all the passions; but solitude and different pursuits for a long time kept
him a stranger to its impressions. The sentiment slept, so to speak, in the bottom of his soul—and its resuscitation was terrible. Love has been his bane, and the torment he has suffered from it long made him sick of the world, of life, and even of study itself. After having consumed the early years of his life in meditation and literary labour, he has seen, like the ancient sage, the vanity of human knowledge, which cannot fill the capacity of the soul, and has exclaimed with Amyntas in Tasso, "I have lost the time which I have passed without love!" But as he was not easily subdued persuaded that he was himself the object of that passion. Too long a resistance discouraged him, not by offending his self-love, but because the simplicity and candor of his mind would not allow him to believe that a continued resistance could be only apparent. His soul requires to be replenished, not tormented; to be soothed with agreeable emotions, not to be worn with mortifying agitations.
Foreign Intelligence.
LONDON, May 12.
Bonaparte, exerting every means of reinforcing his army of Egypt, intends sending an expedition thither from Leghorn. A letter from Genoa, of the 20th of April, mentions, that an embargo has been laid on all the vessels at Leghorn, for the purpose of making use of them on a secret expedition.
EGYPT.—The following are the observations which a Paris paper, considered as half official, makes upon the bulletin accounts of the battle of the 21st. "The more we reflect upon the news circulated in London, and upon Lord Garryfort's dispatch, the less we can give credit to it. We will add the following observations: The English have in Egypt only an inconsiderable number of cavalry; they can have but few—the French cavalry is numerous, and mounted upon excellent horses. We must suppose that General Abercrombie must have been guilty of great imprudence, before we can believe that he had not reflected, that in advancing into the country before he had made himself master of Aboukir and Alexandria, he exposed himself, in case of non-success, to the total loss of his army, which would soon have been surrounded by the French cavalry, who would not have let a man escape.
"The author of this intelligence has not explained how the English army could exist in the desert of Bahire; but in order to give consistency to the story in the eyes of those who are acquainted with the country, he should have explained how that army passed the Lake Maadreh, which it must cross to proceed to Ramanhie? Did General Abercrombie create by enchantment the immense means of embarkation that were necessary?
"On the other hand, had the French army been destroyed—had their defeat, as was said, given rise to a capitulation surrendering Egypt to the English—had these great events taken place on the 21st March, would not a frigate or other vessel (independently of the advices which Gen. Abercrombie would have sent to England) have been dispatched to France as a flag of truce, in order to carry an account of that capitulation, which would have arrived at the latest by the 5th or 6th April?—upwards of a month has elapsed since."
The emperor of Russia has recalled, by a special ukase, all such persons as have fled from his dominions for crimes short of murder, and has assured them and their families of his protection.
An article from Berlin, of the 29th April, says that Lord Garryfort has officially informed the Prussian government, that the British government would continue to respect the Prussian flag, and the Prussian merchandise on board neutral ships.
It is generally reported, that the bishoprics of Wurtzburgh and Bamberg will be given to the house of Orange, and that Prussian troops will occupy them provisionally.

LONDON, April 18.
It is announced that Pashwan Ogliou is reconciled to the Pacha of Belgrade, and even that he has submitted to the Sublime Porte, who has granted him an absolute pardon, through the mediation of the envoy of Russia, who, it is said, notified to the rebel Pacha, that if he persisted in his revolt, or renewed it after the armistice, a Russian army would march against him.
The Minister of General Police to the Prefects of the Departments of the West.
Paris, May 8.
Government, at once anxious to adopt measures for putting an end to the civil war, and to spare the blood of Frenchmen, held out a general pardon last year to individuals implicated in the events of the revolution, or led astray by the insidious suggestions of the enemies of the republic.
Government now make no distinction between your departments and those of the other parts of the republic; all partaking of the glory and prosperity of France, only see on her surface a few ferocious villains who are deserving of and shall meet death.
Acts of submission, originating with such brigands, are not to be accepted; civil or military agents accepting such submission would be considered guilty of high treason—those brigands must expiate their crimes with their existence; they have no clemency to expect.
The general commanding the army of the West is directed to pursue those miscreants without intermission; it is now time to rid the 18th military division of the wretches whom England has had in her pay for so long a time.
(Signed)
FOUCHE.
In consequence of the insurrection in the departments of Morbihan, and the coasts of the North, the Chief Consul has issued orders to general Bernadotte to form 13 columns of light troops, and to exert his best endeavors for the purpose of subduing the spirit of rebellion which prevails in this new Vendee; each column is to be attended by a military commission, consisting of five officers and a judge-advocate, who are to try, and immediately to sentence to death all such individuals as shall be found in arms, and acting against the laws of France, as framed by Buonaparte!
General Monnet to general Leclerc, dated Burgos, the 28th of April.
The advanced guard arrived two days ago at Burgos. We have been everywhere received with the most marked distinction. The troops are placed in good quarters, the magazines are well supplied for two months and the provisions are of the best quality. We attend mass on Sunday with the regimental military music, a measure which has acquired for us the affections of the people, and dispelled all the prejudices entertained against us.
"To morrow the king of Tuscany is to pass through this place, and I shall receive him with military honors."
"The Spanish army is stated to be on the frontiers of Portugal. In an action between the advanced posts, the Portuguese lost several hundred prisoners."
From a Paris Paper of Jan. 22.
On the 5th July 1800, a considerable number of the inhabitants of St. Cloud proposed, that the cidevant king's palace at that place should be given to the First Consul Bonaparte, as a token of national gratitude. The tribunal nominated a commission to give more information respecting it, and yesterday acquainted Challan, the tribunate, that Bonaparte, in a conference, which he held with that commission, had declared, "he neither should, during the time of his magistracy, nor one year after his resignation, accept of the least trifle from the nation; but should they afterwards consider that the article of the constitution, whereby rewards are prescribed to those warriors who have rendered the republic noted services, ought to be applied on him, he would then accept with gratitude the kindness of the people. For the rest, it was his intention to make the proposal to the legislative corps, to appoint rewards for those warriors who had conspicuously signalized themselves by their acts and disinterestedness; this being a sure remedy to smother all young shoots of corruption, and to nourish public spirit."
According to this unaffected declaration of the Chief Consul, has the address of the inhabitants of St. Cloud been set aside.—First, when the budget of the 9th year becomes exposed to the legislative corps (says the reporter Challan) will it be investigated, if it is possible, in regard to the palace of St. Cloud, to put in execution a project, which is worthy of a great nation, who by the splendor with which she
encompasses the persons of the magistracy, infuses respect, and shews at the same time her power."
PARIS, May 28.
Yesterday the Russian ambassador, count Kalitscheff visited the mint. A Medal was instantly struck and presented to him, having on the face "Alexander I. Emperor of Russia. In the middle, peace and friendship between France and Russia. On the reverse was a Rising Sun and a Cook, emblem of the glory and stability of the French Republic." It was received with a with, that this expression might be the sure earnest of stable friendship between the two nations.
BARCELONA, April 15.
An event in itself very simple, but which on account of the person to whom it relates, is extremely important, arrests at this moment the whole of the public attention.
Government has ordered the Dutch Consul, M. Cabarys, a Castilian by birth, to be taken into custody. This is a consequence of the distressing circumstance of the two frigates, which the English carried off about seven months ago in the very road of Barcelona. To the present period of time the whole of the iniquitous business was laid to the charge of the captain general Don Domingo Iquierdo, but recent information has transferred all suspicion to the Dutch Consul, and his imprisonment has been the result of combined reports; he has, however, through respect for his dignity, been released, but he is not allowed to leave the city.
AMSTERDAM, May 30.
A letter from Lemberg says—Since the re-establishment of the communication between this place and Russia, many of the merchants have arrived here for the purpose of supplying themselves with the various kinds of merchandise. In consequence of this, the importation of grain has been so great, that, 12 days since, the measure which was then sold for 23 Polish florins, costs at present no more than 13. On the 27th ult. passed here, a Russian vessel of war, bound to Leipzig.
The Russian army which had extended itself to the Turkish boundaries, are now on their return to the interior of Russia. There are many regiments belonging to the above, already returned to their former garrisons.
According to letters from Weenen, of the 14th inst. it appears that an official account has been received by Lord Minto of a peace having been concluded between England and Russia.
LUBECK, May 21.
According to the accounts received here, the Russian fleet sailed from Revel on the 3d for Cronstadt.
IMPERIAL PARLIAMENT.
HOUSE OF COMMONS, May 27.
Mr. ABBOT moved, that the report of the Secret Committee on the 4th article of the union, which limits the number of placemen in the Irish part of the representation in that house to twenty, should be taken into consideration to morrow.
The motion being agreed to, Mr. ABBOT gave notice of his intention to move at the same time for leave to bring in a bill to regulate and ascertain the particular officers who should be eligible.
IRISH MARTIAL LAW.
The house then proceeded to the order of the day, for taking into consideration the 2d report of the secret committee on the treasonable correspondence.
Mr. ABBOT said, that after the repeated discussions which had taken place on the state of Ireland, and the length of time elapsed since the publication of the report, he should not trouble the house with much observation in moving for leave to bring in a bill for the continuance of martial law in that country. The act now in being was passed for a short period, on the faith of the representation of the Irish members, and just to afford time to consider its propriety. So convincing were the arguments used on that occasion, it was easy to have anticipated the wisdom of the continuance of the measure. In addition to these arguments, the house was now, by the report, in full possession of the state of that country. From thence it unfortunately appeared that a rebellious disposition had rather increased than decreased. In fact, that the flame of rebellion remained unquenched; and that so great was the dominion of terror exercised by the treasonable and disaffected over the loyal and peaceable, there remained no way of resisting it, but by setting up the strong and firm law now in force.
On the presumption then that the motion would meet no resistance, he said he should decline any further observation at present; and concluded with moving for leave to bring in a bill to continue, for a time to be limited, the act of this session, establishing martial law in Ireland.
Mr. WHITBREAD rejoiced in the report, as it was a justification of his uniform opposition to the measure. The flame of rebellion, it now appeared, was unquenched, notwithstanding the exercise of martial law; what greater proof then could be had of its insufficiency than to see the country in a worse state than it was before? He should not however oppose the principle any further. He was perfectly aware, after the bill should be brought in, it would be in vain to do so; but he gave notice that he should propose, in some future stage of it, the amendments which he had originally moved, and also some additional ones. This he should do from a conviction that without such alterations, the measure would consolidate rebellion. As to securing the tranquility of Ireland, and the safety of the British empire, the bill, however, in any shape, must be inefficient; that could only be done by peace, and retreading all the steps already taken.
Mr. J. H. BROWNE said it did not appear that the situation of Ireland was deteriorated. On the contrary, the report shewed that martial law had produced much tranquility and safety. For this reason, and also considering the mild and lenient manner in which it had been administered, he must vote for its continuance. He admitted peace was necessary to complete security; but he hoped the conciliatory measures pursued towards Ireland since 1782, were not those which the hon. gentleman wished the legislature should retread.
Mr. O'HARA observed, that from the local disadvantage of a committee sitting here on the state of Ireland, their report might be doubted as a full and complete report; that there were emissaries here from that part of the United Kingdom anxious to excite disturbance was not to be wondered at; but they were mere unaccredited persons, not like those originally deputed to France. The report noticed a new association in Dublin, which was supposed by government, and also some small associations in several parishes. This showed that the disturbances were only local, and did not affect the general state of the country, which he contended was one of profound peace and allegiance. He was not present at the former debate; but he understood the gentlemen of Ireland had made a representation of that country which they could not have meant. They had spoken of what was the state of Ireland, as illustrative of what it is, and of local, as of general disturbances. Now, with respect to recent disturbances, he challenged any gentleman from Munster or Connaught, to state a single case; and as to the general state of the country, he referred to the report, which was exclusively confined to Leinster, with the exception of two counties. He wished the judges had been consulted, being satisfied they would have said the cases of a treasonable nature lately before them were all of 1798, and that there was no necessity for the measure. He admitted that the necessity was much diminished by the circumstance of its being left to the lord lieutenant to enforce it or not, at his discretion; and that his object in rising was rather to reinstate his country in the good opinion of the house, than to give the bill any opposition.
Sir F. B. JONES observed, that the report showed that martial law had produced no good effect in Ireland.
Mr. BURDON was of a contrary opinion. Sir J. PARNELL said, he could with measures of a different nature; and of the conciliatory kind, should be adopted. However, he did not think it fair that he should depreciate the present one, and only wished the term of its continuance should be as short as possible. He could have also wished the report had stated the full case of Ireland; if so, it would have shown a case of despondency, and not of resistance. Sufferings might be subdued, but not extinguished by force; and the error was that instead of applying the remedy to the principle, to the internal feeling, it was applied to the effect. He did not question the truth and veracity of the gentlemen who made the report; but to prove the superiority of martial law, they should not have applied to the judges of military tribunals, who, it was not to be supposed would have spoken against themselves; yet such was the evidence on which they proceeded, with the addition of the circular letters of government, and some magistrates. The report also mentioned that the landed interest of Ireland had sent an emissary to France to propose terms to
Bonaparte. This he ridiculed as an idle tale, and vindicated that class of his majesty's subjects from such a foul aspersion. The circumstance of there having been only fourteen court martial within the last year, was a proof that the situation of Ireland was not worse; he thought it, upon the whole, better, and that scarcity of provisions was the principal cause of any recent disturbance. He complained, therefore, of that slippage which would represent Martial-Law as the only fit mode of government for that country, and concluded with hoping, that some substantial and decisive measures would be taken to alter the feelings of the people.
Mr. LEE contended that the measure was absolutely necessary for the safety of the country, as treasonable practices not only continued, but were, from the new plan adopted, more difficult to discover than in the late rebellion. In answer to Mr. O'Hara he stated the case of a Mr. Price, who was murdered in the midst of fifty of his workmen, without any attempt on their part to arrest the murderer; and also a recent case of two men who were murdered for taking a farm near Dungarvon, and whose landlord was threatened with the same fate. Mr. Lee concluded with vindicating the character of the landed interest of Ireland, who, he said, were examples for the imitation of the gentlemen of that house; and whose conduct in rebellion, had it been adopted by the gentry in France, would have prevented Europe from falling into the situation in which it now is.
Sir JOHN PARNELL, in explanation, said, he noticed the charge against the landed interest merely as an improper one to be stated in the report, and thence deriving some sanction, and not as one deserving credit.
Mr. O'LEARY spoke decidedly for the measure. As evidence of its necessity, he said, there was a committee sitting lately in Dublin with the picture of the First Consul over the President's chair; that there were emissaries here from Ireland; and an Irish Directory now sitting in Paris, who corresponded with the English and Irish traitors through the medium of Hamburg. He thought, therefore, the gentlemen of this country could not be too watchful; its situation might be a bed of roses, but roses had their thorns and an adder had been found on a bank of violets.
Colonel COOTE gave the measure his warm support.
Mr. Alexander defended the Bill, and contended for the necessity of its adoption, for the safety of the lives and property of the loyal gentlemen of Ireland, whose gallantry and attachment to British connexion had saved the country to England.
The question being put, leave was given to bring in the bill.
FOR SALE,
A good and convenient Lot and House, BEAUTIFULLY situated on the South-East corner of Square No 973, in the vicinity of the Navy-Yard, commanding an extensive view of some miles down the Potomack. The house is two story high, fronting 42 feet on 11th street east, and 42 feet on South G street, adjoining the south front is a commodious kitchen, with oven and other conveniences. A large frame stable, carriage-house, with a hay loft 50 feet by 25, and a pump of fine water near the back of the kitchen. The lot will extend ninety one feet on 11th Street East, and 139 on South G street. The purchaser may have a preference of the south half of the Square.
Also, a number of LOTS, eligibly situated in various parts of the City. The titles to the whole are indisputably free of every encumbrance, the terms moderate and convenient, which may be known by application to the subscriber, occupying the premises first mentioned, possession of which may be given within 30 days after purchase.
THOMAS TINGEY, Who will also sell one whole and four half pipes, London particular Madeira wine, of excellent quality. Washington, 10, April 1801. ePff
NOTICE.
THE following Slaves have been committed to the prison of Washington county, as runaways. WILL, who says he is the property of Jesse Robinet, has on light cot on cloaths, appears to be about 26 years of age, well made, of light complexion, and is about five feet five or six inches high.
DEBBY WILLIAMS, alias PARKER, who says she belongs to Mrs. Pinckney, Old Town, Baltimore, about 22 years of age, of light complexion, and five feet 3 or 4 inches high; had on when committed an old dark calico gown.
The owners of the above slaves are requested to take them away, or they will be sold according to law, to pay their prison fees.
DANIEL CARROLL BRENT, Marshal of the District of Columbia. July 17. w.t.f.
FOR SALE,
A young Negro Girl, About 15 years old—Apply at this office. April 22, 1801.

WASHINGTON CITY.
FRIDAY, JULY 24, 1801.
OFFICIAL.
Appointment by the President of the United States.
HERMANUS H. WENDELL , to be marshal for the district of Albany.
In our last paper we announced the appointment of CHARLES PINCKNEY , as Minister Plenipotentiary to the Court of Madrid.
With the political talents of Mr. Pinckney, we believe almost every citizen in the United States is well acquainted. He has with reputation to himself, and usefully for his country, successively filled a number of the highest offices in the gift of the people or the government. Early in the revolution he took a decided part with our ablest patriots, and never ceased, during its struggles, to display talents and zeal in its promotion. He was a member of the old Congress, governor of South-Carolina, member of the Federal Convention, and Senator of the United States, when appointed to this mission.
Not satisfied with a discharge of duty in public bodies, he has, on several occasions, enlightened the public mind by the luminous discussion of controverted points.
But perhaps the most important services rendered to the United States by Mr. Pinckney, were those respecting the free navigation of the Mississippi.
In the year 1785, Mr. Pinckney being a member of the old Congress, Mr. Jay, in his character of Secretary for foreign affairs, made a report to Congress on our controversy with Spain on this subject, wherein he submitted a proposition that the United States should cede to Spain the entire and exclusive navigation of the Mississippi for five years. The cession, as proposed, was absolute, and contained no stipulation that at the expiration of that period the United States should enjoy the undisturbed navigation of that river.
When this proposition was submitted to Congress, a large portion of that body, either from respect to Mr. Jay, or from coinciding with him in opinion, was disposed to accede to it. Among its most distinguished opponents was Mr. Pinckney, who by the force of his talents in evincing the impolicy and injustice of the measure, contributed not a little towards frustrating it. The accomplishment of this end was no easy matter, as the subject, for a considerable length of time, engaged the attention of Congress, during which the proposition was strenuously and uniformly supported.
The most interesting, and probably the only point of essential importance existing between this country and Spain respects the navigation of the Mississippi. Tho' the freedom of its navigation to the United States has been secured by Treaty (which Treaty would not have existed, in all probability, had it not been for the exertions of Mr. Pinckney against Mr. Jay's proposition) yet it is very likely that important commercial arrangements may still be required to be made, previously to our citizens obtaining an entire participation in the benefits of the measure. With such arrangements, no man can be presumed to be better acquainted than Mr. Pinckney, from the statement just made; nor is it probable that any citizen entertains a more lively zeal to bring this great object to completion.
Great, indeed, we must consider an object, on which the commercial and agricultural interests of our western country, already so populous and in rapid progress to incalculable numbers, will intimately, if not exclusively, depend.
By an official statement of the number of inhabitants in the district of Maine, it appears that that district contains 150,896 inhabitants.
In the ship Nancy, capt. George Hobbs, arrived at Baltimore from Amsterdam, returned to this country, R. G. Van Polanen, minister resident of the Batavian republic, near the government of the United States; he left America in the month of June, 1800, with the permission of his government.
The annual average of books, published in Germany, amounts nearly to 4000. The yearly publications in France, are not more than 1500. Those of Britain and Ireland, are somewhat under 2000. There are in Germany 300 publishing booksellers, and not fewer than 15,000 authors.
Upon a diligent survey and return made by the clergy of Dublin, on the 2d ult. six parishes in that City were found to contain 20,400 poor, in the most abject state of poverty.
SPAIN —M. Urquijo, the Spanish Prime Minister, who was dismissed to make room for the Prince of Peace, is to be brought to trial for having conspired against the life of his rival. It is generally supposed in Spain that he will be condemned to lose his head. Several members of the administration are implicated in this affair. The whole extent of the conspiracy was unknown when the last accounts left Madrid; fresh arrests were daily taking place, and the utmost consternation prevailed in that capital.
New-York July 21, 1801.
The ship Elizabeth, arrived yesterday, left Portsmouth the 8th of June—but unfortunately brought no newspapers. The captain, who says he daily perused the newspapers before his departure, informs us, that in consequence of the favorable train of the negotiations between England and the northern powers, the embargo on Russian and Danish vessels in the ports of Great-Britain had been taken off; and on the day before he sailed, the vessels of those nations at Portsmouth, hoisted their colours on their liberation—that no later accounts had been received from Egypt, than those already published here; and that no news of any importance appeared in the London papers.
Captain Gardner, from Newry, informs, that previous to his sailing, accounts had been received of serious disturbances in England. We are inclined to disbelieve this news, as capt. Parsons, who left England on the 8th of June, mentions nothing of the kind.
PHILADELPHIA, July 22.
Extract of a letter from a gentleman at Wilkesbarre, dated July 14, 1801, to his friend in this city.
"On the morning of the 10th instant, Col. Horne returned to this place, and communicated the following unpleasant information:—He had employed one Smiley, living on Towanda creek, to take a number of declarations and get them signed by the settlers in that neighbourhood; he had obtained forty-five subscribers, and on the morning of the 8th instant, about two o'clock, fifteen men, with their faces blacked, came to the house where he was, and compelled him to give up his papers, which they destroyed, and then covered him with tar and feathers. Smiley had agreed to meet Mr. Horne at Asylum on the eighth, but not coming, Mr. Horne sent a man to him, who returned with the above information, and that Smiley was going directly to the west branch. As I conceived a correct statement from Smiley (under oath) to be necessary, I advised col. Horne to go after him without delay; he accordingly did, and will make his report as soon as he obtains the necessary information. Smiley says he knew none of the persons concerned in this business, but I think it highly probable that they will be discovered, as the people generally appear disposed to bring them to punishment.—Col. Horne has eighty-four declarations signed; these, together with those destroyed, and twenty in the hands of another person, will make about 50; what proportion of these were settled under Connecticut claims, I am not able to say."
Thirty Dollars Reward.
DESERTED from this rendezvous the following soldiers belonging to the 1st Regiment of Artillerists and Engineers; ISAAC DAVIS, about nineteen years old, five feet seven inches high, dark blue eyes, black hair, ruddy complexion, a farmer, born in this county and state.
JAMES NELSON, twenty two years of age, five feet six inches high, grey eyes, dark hair, fair complexion, by occupation a farmer; he is also a native of this state and county.
JAMES HENNING, twenty one years old, five feet nine and three quarter inches high, blue eyes, light hair, sallow complexion, by occupation a house carpenter, born in Berkeley county this state. They all deserted in their uniform. Any person apprehending the above deserters, shall receive thirty dollars upon delivering them to me, or any officer commanding in the service of the United States, or ten dollars for either of them.
RICHARD S. BLACKBURN,
Captain 1st Regt. artillerists and engineers, commanding. Dumfries, Prince William county, Virginia, May 19, 1801.
At the Sale of NON RESIDENTS LAND FOR TAXES.
Agreeably to an Act of the Kentucky Assembly, we purchased, at Frankfort in November last, for a Company, the following described Tracts.
   In whose name listed. quantity Acres. For whom entered, &c. County and water Course. Quantity purchased     Philips and Young, 100000 Philips & Young, Scott & Franklin Eagle crk. the whole   James Steele, 30000 Wm. Pollard, Hardin, Green river, do.   Samuel Sackett 3000 A. Barbour, Bourbon Licking, do.   Richard Johnson, 2000 R. Johnson, Jefferson, Floyd's Fork, do.   Samuel Pearl, 500 S. Pearl, Mason, Fartows creek, do.   Andrew Byrn, 500 Mason, do.   Alexander Stewart, 500 Campbell, do.   Dubartis Shepherd, 3000 D. Shepherd, Clarke, Kentucky river, 2900 acr.   John Archer, 2000 J. Archer, Harrison, Williams river, the whole   John Donnell, 1400 Donnell & Barr, Licking, do.   fame, 2000 Dozier & Barr, Clarke, 1999 acr.   fame, 2644 3/4 J. Donnell, Mason, 2600 acr.   fame, 1231 Dozier and Barr, Mason, 650 acr.   Lawrence Slaughter, 3750 L. Slaughter, Mason, 3500 acr.   Adam Banks. 100 A. Banks, Mason, 40 acr.   Richard Johnson, 200 R. Johnson, Mason, 150 acr.   Elizabeth James, 1000 W. Robison & Co. Mason, 150 acr.   R. Ridgely, & S. Nathans, 3000 Ridgely & Ship, Franklin, 2900 acr.   J. P. Harrison. 663 J. P. Harrison. Shelby, 39 acr.  
As we are desirous that the original owners of these lands should know who has become the purchasers, and are willing to give them up to the proper claimants on receiving an adequate compensation; we have thought proper to give notice, that applications from any person interested, made before the 1st of September next, will be attended to; after that time we will not consider ourselves bound to give the former a proprietor preference, but will proceed to do the best we can with our purchases. Letters addressed to either of the subscribers in Lexington, postage paid, will be answered.
C. BANK, THOMAS BODLEY, } Agents for the Company.
A GREAT BARGAIN.
I WILL sell or lease for ten years, a valuable Farm, in the county of Culpepper, and state of Virginia, on Flat Run, containing 750 acres the land is extremely fertile, and yields abundantly in the production of corn, wheat, and tobacco; there are about 100 acres of meadow land, 50 or 60 of which are cleared, and 15 acres well set in Timothy, about 350 acres of the tract are cleared and well inclosed. This land is distant from Fredericksburg about 28 miles, and 55 miles from Alexandria and the City of Washington. There are several valuable merchant mills; in the vicinity, one within the distance of a mile, where the Fredericksburg prices are given for all kinds of grain.
I will also sell the Reversion of 250 acres of land adjoining the above, on which are erected a number of valuable buildings, among them a large dwelling house of 60 feet by 40, with four rooms on a floor, with fireplaces, and every necessary out-houses—A valuable peach and apple orchard.
A further description is deemed unnecessary, as any persons desirous of purchasing or leasing, will doubtless wish to view the premises. For terms apply to Robert Brooke Voss, Esq. who lives adjoining the premises, or to the subscriber.
I will also Sell or Rent,
Two three story brick houses in Alexandria, completely finished, on King and Columbia-street, with sundry valuable property near the same, possession whereof may be had immediately. The situation for the flour and grocery business is equal to any in Alexandria.
For terms apply to Henry Thomas Moore, Alexandria, or to the subscriber.
NICHOLAS VOSS.
City of Washington, July 13, 1801. N. B. I wish to hire by the month, or until the 1st day of November, ten or twelve labourers, for whom liberal wages will be given. Apply to N. Voss, on F street, or W. I. Voss, at the Navy-Yard. 2awtf
THE SUBSCRIBERS
WE HAVE just received from Baltimore and Philadelphia, a handsome assortment of Spring and Fall goods, which they are now opening adjoining Dr. Thornton's upon F street, & which they offer for sale upon the most reasonable terms either for cash or country produce, viz.
 Printed and plain mar-  feilles,  Dimities of various kinds,  Counterpanes,  Striped nankkeen,  Bandanna and plaited handkerchiefs,  Brown camlet,  Rattinees, tannys and durants,  Moreans and Jones,  Cloths and callimeres,  Swan-down,  Lace and edging,  Men's Ladies' and boy's thread and cotton hose,  Buttons assorted,  taffetas, Persians, Sen- shaws and fattins,  Black mode,  Ribbons well assorted,  Shoebinding first quality,  thread of every kind,  Curtain cord,  Dutch lace,  Silk and twist,  French chintz,  Tambouring silk,  Ladies gloves, long and short,  Stuff and Morocco shoes,  Balsafre handkerchiefs,  A handsome assortment of muffs, India chintz,  White sheering,  Brown Holland,  Irish linens,  Hunhums and gingham plaitillas, creas &c.  Janes, &c. &c.  Mouselins, fans, &c.  Ivory combs,  Shirt buttons, button moles,  Elastic suspenders,  Stationary of various kinds,  Hyson tea,  Muscovado and loaf sugar,  Coffee, old spirits, gin & pepper,  Osnabrigs, dowlas,  Carpetting, &c. 
The best James River chewing tobacco, with a variety of other useful articles too tedious to mention.
ROBERT CAMP, & Co.
Who offer their services to the public in the Auction and Commission business. City of Washington, July 10, 1801. 2aw3w
NAVY DEPARTMENT, JUNE 7th, 1800.
Regulations for ascertaining and fixing the Pensioners, and payment of pensions on the Navy establishment of the United States.
To obtain a pension the party must produce to the Secretary of the Navy a certificate from the commander of the ship or vessel on board of which he sustained the injury, which incapacitates him; or in the case of a marine, from the commanding officer of the marine corps, or commander of a detachment as the case may require; in the latter case however, if the injury happened on board a vessel of war, the certificate of the surgeon will also be required, if on shore, that of some respectable medical character of the place, that the same was received while he was acting in the line of his duty, specifying the nature and amount of the disability, the capacity or station in which he acted, and the monthly pay to which he was entitled at the time of sustaining the injury. On such certificate being produced, and it being ascertained to the satisfaction of the Secretary of the Navy, that the disability still exists and is likely to continue, he will at once direct the applicant to be placed on the books of the Loan Office of the state in which he resides, and the loan officer will make the payments half yearly, viz. On the 1st of January, and 1st of July, to the party in person or his legal attorney during his life or the continuance of his disability. But if the pension is to be paid on a power of attorney, the loan officer must have it ascertained by the certificate of a Justice of the peace of the county where the pensioner resides, that he was living, and that his disability continued, in the month next preceding that in which payment is to be made every year, and must transmit the same to the accountant of the Navy with the necessary receipts as vouchers for his payments.
Each person to be placed on the pension list, must receive at the Navy Office a certificate in the following form.
A. B. Seaman, &c. having been disabled in the service of the United States, on board of the ship of war _____ while acting in the line of his duty, is entitled to receive dollars per month, from the loan officer of the state of _____ payable half yearly, on the 1st of January and 1st of July in every year during his life or continuance of such disability, to commence from the _____ day of _____ The same will be paid to him in person or on his legal power of attorney. But no money will be paid on a power of attorney, unless the said A. B. shall send to the loan officer of said state, the certificate of a Justice of peace of the county wherein he resides, that he the said A. B. appeared before the said justice in the month preceding that in which the ill continued to be made and that his disability at payment is
Signed
BENJ. STODDERT.
The foregoing regulations are still in force—By order,
AB. THOMAS, P. CLK.
Navy Department, June 17. 1801. 3taw2m
Land for Sale.
On the 28th day of September next, will be sold at Public Auction, at Mr. Stille's Hotel, in the City of Washington, (if not sold before at private sale)
Two Tracts of Land, lying on the Eastern Branch of Potomac river, and within the district of Columbia—containing together ninety-two acres. On each of these tracts is a quantity of good ash wood, within a few yards of the river, and the greater part, if not the whole, of said land, at a moderate expence, may be made excellent meadow. There is on one of the tracts an eligible situation for a dwelling-house, with about four acres of excellent upland suitable for a garden. Sale to commence at three o'clock, when the conditions will be made known. Information may be had from the subscriber at the Navy-yard.
GEORGE FRANK,
or of THOMAS HENRY, Conveyancer City of Washington. July 20, 1801. 2aw6w

It is a fact, which cannot have escaped the notice of literary men, that most of the works which have been lately written in Europe on morals, lay down principles, which in their application inevitably tend to convince the mind of the preference of republican, to all other descriptions of political institutions. Indeed we believe it to be an incontrovertible fact that science, physical or moral, but particularly the latter, wherever it diffuses its light, makes men in principle republican. We are not, however, to expect in countries, held in subjection by despotic governments, an explicit avowal of opinion. But, without such avowal, the indications to which we now refer, are complete attestations of the truth of our remark. Of this number we present our readers with the following extracts from Dugald Stewart's Elements of the Philosophy of the Human Mind . Mr. Stewart is Professor of Moral Philosophy in the University of Edinburgh, and the treatise from which this extract is made, was written some years since.
It will be found by the reader peculiarly interesting, from the exposition it contains of the objects, and means used to attain them, of the Economists of France , of whom the celebrated Turgot was among the founders.]
"The art of government differs from the mechanical arts in this, that, in the former, it is much more difficult to refer effects to their causes, than in the latter; and, of consequence, it rarely happens, even when we have an opportunity of seeing a political experiment made, that we can draw from it any certain inference, with respect to the justness of the principles by which it was suggested. In those complicated machines, to which the structure of civil society has been frequently compared, as all the different parts of which they are composed, are subjected to physical laws, the errors of the artist must necessarily become apparent in the last result; but in the political system, as well as in the animal body, where the general constitution is sound and healthy, there is a sort of vis medicatrix , which is sufficient for the cure of partial disorders; and in the one case, as well as in the other, the errors of human art are frequently corrected and concealed by the wisdom of nature. Among the many false estimates which we daily make of human ability, there is perhaps none more groundless than the exaggerated conceptions we are apt to form of that species of political wisdom, which is supposed to be the fruit of long experience and of professional habits. "Go," (said the chancellor Oxenstiern to his son, when he was sending him to a congress of ambassadors, and when the young man was expressing his diffidence of his own abilities for such an employment;) "Go, and see with your own eyes, Quam parva sapientia regitur mundus! " The truth is, (however paradoxical the remark may appear at first view,) that the speculative errors of statesmen are frequently less sensible in their effects, and, of consequence, more likely to escape without detection, than those of individuals who occupy inferior stations in society. The effects of misconduct in private life, are easily traced to their proper source, and therefore the world is seldom far wrong in the judgment which it forms of the prudence or of the imprudence of private characters. But in considering the affairs of a great nation, it is so difficult to trace events to their proper causes, and to distinguish the effects of political wisdom from those which are the natural result of the situation of the people, that it is scarcely possible, excepting in the case of a very long administration, to appreciate the talents of a statesman from the success or the failure of his measures. In every society too, which, in consequence of the general spirit of its government, enjoys the blessings of tranquility and liberty, a great part of the political order which we are apt to ascribe to legislative sagacity, is the natural result of the selfish pursuits of individuals; nay, in every such society, (as I already hinted,) the natural tendency to improvement is so strong, as to overcome many powerful obstacles, which the imperfection of human institutions opposed to its progress.
From these remarks, it seems to follow, that, although in the mechanical arts, the errors of theory may frequently be corrected by repeated trials, without having recourse to general principles; yet, in the machine of government, there is so great a variety of powers at work, beside the influence of the statesman, that it is vain to expect the art of legislation should be carried
to its greatest possible perfection by experience alone.
Still, however, it may be said, that in the most imperfect governments of modern Europe, we have an experimental proof, that they secure, to a very great degree, the principal objects of the social union. Why hazard these certain advantages, for the uncertain effects of changes suggested by mere theory; and not rest satisfied with a measure of political happiness, which appears, from the history of the world to be greater than has commonly fallen to the lot of nations?
With those who would carry their zeal against reformation so far, it is impossible to argue; and it only remains for us to regret, that the number of such reasoners has, in all ages of the world, been so great, and their influence on human affairs so extensive.
"There are some men," says Dr. Johnson, "of narrow views, and grovelling conceptions, who, without the instigation of personal malice, treat every new attempt as wild and chimerical; and look upon every endeavour to depart from the beaten track, as the rash effort of a warm imagination, or the glittering speculation of an exalted mind, that may please and dazzle for a time, but can produce no real or lasting advantage."
"These men value themselves upon a perpetual scepticism; upon believing nothing but their own senses; upon calling for demonstration where it cannot possibly be obtained; and, sometimes, upon holding out against it when it is laid before them—upon inventing arguments against the success of any new undertaking; and where arguments cannot be found, upon treating it with contempt and ridicule."
"Such have been the most formidable enemies of the great benefactors of the world; for their notions and discourse are so agreeable to the lazy, the envious, and the timorous, that they seldom fail of becoming popular, and directing the opinions of mankind."
With respect to this sceptical disposition, as applicable to the present state of society, it is of importance to add, that, in every government, the stability and the influence of established authority, must depend on the coincidence between its measures and the tide of public opinion; and that, in modern Europe, in consequence of the invention of printing, and the liberty of the press, public opinion has acquired an ascendant in human affairs, which it never possessed in those states of antiquity from which most of our political examples are drawn. The danger, indeed, of sudden and rash innovations cannot be too strongly inculcated; and the views of those men who are forward to promote them, cannot be reprobated with too great severity. But it is possible also to fall into the opposite extreme; and to bring upon society the very evils we are anxious to prevent, by an obstinate opposition to those gradual and necessary reformations which the genius of the times demands. The violent revolutions which, at different periods have convulsed modern Europe, have arisen, not from a spirit of innovation in sovereigns and statesmen; but from their bigotted attachment to antiquated forms, and to principles borrowed from less enlightened ages. It is this reverence for abuses which have been sanctioned by time, accompanied with an inattention to the progress of public opinion, which has, in most instances, blinded the rulers of mankind, till government has lost all its efficiency; and till the rage of innovation has become too general and too violent, to be satisfied with changes, which, if proposed at an earlier period, would have united in the support of established institutions, every friend to order, and to the prosperity of his country.
These observations I state with the greatest confidence, that the substance of them is contained in the following aphorisms of Lord Bacon; a philosopher who (if we except, perhaps, the late Mr. Turgot) seems, more than any other, to have formed enlightened views with respect to the possible attainment of mankind; and whose fame cannot fail to increase as the world grows older, by being attached, not to a particular system of variable opinions, but to the general and infallible progress of human reason.
"Quis novator ten pus' imitatur, quod novationes ita insinuat, ut sensus fallant? Novator maximus tempus; quidni igitur tempus imitemur?"
"Morosa morum retentio, res turbulenta est, aeque ac novitas."
"Cum per se res mutantur in deteriora, si consilio in melius non mutantur, quis finis erit mali?"
The general conclusion to which these observations lead, is sufficiently obvious; that the perfection of political wisdom does not consist in an indiscriminate zeal against reforms, but in a gradual and prudent accommodation of established institutions to
the varying opinions, manners, and circumstances of mankind. In the actual application, however, of this principle, many difficulties occur, which it requires a very rare combination of talents to surmount: more particularly in the present age, when the press has, to so wonderful a degree, emancipated human reason from the tyranny of ancient prejudices, and has roused a spirit of free discussion, unexampled in the history of former times.
That this sudden change in the state of the world, should be accompanied with some temporary disorders, is by no means surprising. While the multitude continue imperfectly enlightened, they will be occasionally misled by the artifices of demagogues; and even good men, intoxicated with ideas of theoretical perfection, may be expected, sometimes, to sacrifice, unintentionally, the tranquility of their contemporaries, to an over-ardent zeal for the good of posterity. Notwithstanding, however, these evils, which every friend to humanity must lament, I would willingly believe, that the final effects resulting from this spirit of reformation, cannot fail to be favourable to human happiness; and there are some peculiarities in the present condition of mankind, which appear to me to justify more sanguine hopes upon the subject, than it would have been reasonable for a philosopher to indulge at any former period. An attention to these peculiarities is absolutely necessary, to enable us to form a competent judgment on the question to which the foregoing observations relate; and it leads to the illustration of a doctrine to which I have frequently referred in this work; the gradual improvement in the condition of the species, which may be expected from the progress of reason and the diffusion of knowledge.
Among the many circumstances favourable to human happiness in the present state of the world, the most important, perhaps, is, that the same events which have contributed to loosen the foundations of the ancient fabrics of despotism, have made it practicable, in a much greater degree than it ever was formerly, to reduce the principles of legislation to a science, and to anticipate the probable course of popular opinions. It is easy for the statesman to form to himself a distinct and steady idea of the ultimate objects at which a wise legislator ought to aim, and to foresee that modification of the social order, to which human affairs have, of themselves, a tendency to approach; and, therefore, his practical sagacity and address are limited to the care of accomplishing the important ends which he has in view, as effectually and as rapidly as is consistent with the quiet of individuals and with the rights arising from actual establishments.
In order to lay a solid foundation for the science of politics, the first step ought to be, to ascertain that form of society which is perfectly agreeable to nature and to justice; and what are the principles of legislation necessary for maintaining it. Nor is the inquiry so difficult as might at first be apprehended; for it might be easily shown, that the greater part of the political disorders which exist among mankind, do not arise from a want of foresight in politicians, which has rendered their laws too general, but from their having trusted too little to the operation of those simple institutions which nature and justice recommend; and, of consequence, that, as society advances to its perfection, the number of laws may be expected to diminish, instead of increasing, and the science of legislation to be gradually simplified.
(To be continued.)
One Dollar Reward.
RAN away from the subscriber, a Negro Boy named JACK, about sixteen years old, had on when he went away a red flannel jacket and blue cloth trowsers. Whoever apprehends him and brings him to the subscriber, shall receive the above reward.
GEORGE ANDREWS.
July 22.
3t
Two Dollars Reward.
STRAYED about a fortnight ago, from the plantation of F. J. STIER, Esq. near Bladensburg, a small black cow, has a slit in one of her ears. Whoever will bring the same to Mr. H. J. Stier's plantation shall receive the above reward, or one dollar for giving such information as that I may get her again.
J. M. VANHORNE.
July 22, 1801.
3t
Conrad & M m Munn
HAVE opened houses of entertainment in the range of buildings formerly occupied by Mr. Liew, about two hundred paces from the Capitol, in New Jersey avenue, leading from hence to the Eastern Branch. They are spacious and convenient, one of which is designed for stage passengers and travellers, the other for the accommodation of boarders. There is stabling sufficient for 60 horses. They hope to merit public patronage.
City of Washington, Nov. 24, 1800.
At a meeting this day at Mr.
Rhodes's Hotel, of several of the subscribers to a MARKET, to be built on Pennsylvania Avenue, agreeably to a verification, the following resolutions were adopted, viz.
1st. That Edward Eno be authorised to collect the subscriptions.
2d. That William Brent be appointed Treasurer.
3d. That James Hoban and Clotworthy Stevenson be appointed a committee to engage Contractors to carry into execution the building according to a specification and plan left at the Commissioners Office.
W. THORNTON, In behalf and at the request of the subscribers
VARDEN & CARPENTER, TAYLORS,
Gratefully acknowledge the favours of the public, whilst carrying on business opposite Mr. Stille's Tavern, and inform, that they have removed to the next house east of Mr. Tunnicliff's Hotel; where gentlemen and ladies will be served in a style of fashion and elegance which it has ever been, and ever will be, their study to execute, and they presume, equal to the most populous cities in the Union.
Regimental and Ladies Habits made in the neatest manner.
May 15, 1801. wtf
BROHAWN AND BOYS,
BEG leave to inform the citizens of Washington, that they have taken Mr. N. Young's wharf, very conveniently situated to the Capitol and President's Square; where they have opened a LUMBER YARD, and expect to go pretty largely in that line of business; and in about two or three weeks will have a general assortment of the first quality of groceries that can be procured in Baltimore.
Washington June 24, 1801.
N. B. Any gentleman wishing to apply for bills of scantling of any size or dimensions, may obtain them at the shortest notice by applying as above. tf
LOTS FOR SALE,
In the City of WASHINGTON.
THE SUBSCRIBER offers for sale a number of valuable Lots beautifully situated between the Capitol and the Eastern Branch. Also a few Lots to be let on lease for ninety-nine years, in the vicinity of the Navy yard.
WILLIAM PROUF.
City of Washington. December 12, 1800. tf
N. B. A few Tons of good Meadow Hay, one Kill of Bricks, and some Cord wood.
W. P.
FOR RENT,
The House I now occupy, on Square No. 142, near the President's house, for six months from the first of August next. Possession will be given at that time.
NICHOLAS KING.
July 20, 1801. ep2w
Nail Manufactory,
ALL kinds of Cut Nails for Sale by Wholesale and Retail at the Factory on F Street, and at the Hardware Store of the Subscriber, where persons building and all others wishing to purchase may be supplied with any quantity at the most reasonable rates.
JOHN JACK.
Washington Feb. 4, 1801
TO BE RENTED,
THE store lately in the tenure of Doctor Galsasspy and Co. Its situation for business is preferable to any other in the City, being on the Pennsylvania Avenue, between the President's House and the Capitol, and within a few yards of the spot on which is to be immediately erected the market-house.
JOSIAS W. KING.
At the Capitol.
May 29, 1801. eptf
The Schooners Dolphin & Kitty, now lying at Mr. Young's Wharf will constantly take freights every three weeks from this to Annapolis or Baltimore. For terms apply to BROHAWN and BOYS. Washington July 15, 1801. †
NEW BOOKS.
JUST received by the Sloop Highland, capt. Hand, from Philadelphia, and now opening at the store of Rapine, Conrad and Co. corner of South B. Street and New Jersey Avenue; a very handsome assortment of books, amongst which are,
De Vaux court, by Mrs Bennett, author of Welch Heires, Beggar Girl, &c. &c. Nocturnal Visit, 2 vols. by Maria Regina Roche, author of the Children of the Abbey, &c. the Girl of the Mountains, 2 vols. by Mrs. Parsons, author of "Women as they are," Rash Vows; or the effects of enthusiasm, by Madame de Genlis. The Farmer's Joy, a rural poem, by Robert Broomfield. The life of Catharine the Second, Empress of Russia, 3 vols. Dawin's phyologia; or the philosophy of agriculture and gardening.
Also a general assortment of law books, and miscellaneous history, Rationary, writing and wrapping paper, &c. &c. all which they will dispose of on the most reasonable terms.
N. B. Bookbinding in all its branches, with neatness and dispatch.
Washington, May 15,