Gazette of the United-States. (New-York [N.Y.]), 1791-05-07 00:00:00

Gazette of the United States.
PUBLISHED WEDNESDAYS AND SATURDAYS BY JOHN FENNO, No. 69, HIGH-STREET, BETWEEN SECOND AND THIRD STREETS, PHILADELPHIA.
[No. 3, of Vol. III.]
SATURDAY, MAY 7, 1791.
[Whole No. 211.]
A true and genuine Discovery of ANIMAL ELECTRICITY and MAGNETISM: calculated to detect and overthrow all counterfeit descriptions of the same.
IT is generally admitted, that there is a plenum, or universal fluid, which occupies all space, and that all bodies moving therein, abound with pores or points of introduction, and interstices to receive and return it; that this fluid consists of fire, light, air, or spirit, which flowing through one body by the currents which issue therefrom to another, as in a magnet, produces that phenomenon we call Animal Magnetism. Now as it is the nature of all fluids to tend to an equilibrium, therefore the efforts which bodies make towards each other produce Animal Electricity. Animal Electricity is no more than the effect produced between two bodies, one of which has more motion than the other; a phenomenon proving that the body which has most motion communicates it to the other, until an equilibrium of motion be established between them; with inequality of motion there is Animal Electricity: with equality and reciprocity of motion there is Animal Magnetism. It is the purpose of nature that Animal Electricity should exist only to produce Animal Magnetism; the former ends where the latter begins. The human body may be therefore compared to an electrical machine, the arms the conductors, the fingers the pointers. Hold the fingers of both hands for some time towards the invalid's pericardium, and you will soon perceive all the effects of electricity on the patient: continue the motion till he is filled with the electrical fluid, which will flow with great velocity from your fingers, in proportion as your mental faculties are engaged; this you will soon know by the commotion or crisis he will be put into, if his disorder requires either the one or the other. But if the treatment does not produce either of these, depend upon it his restoration will be very soon brought about without them.
This science has been kept hid and concealed from the multitude, and great sums have been given for the knowledge of it: but I can assure the public, that it is as fairly laid open in the following little treatise as it possibly can be in a few words.
I have had the happiness of being instructed in this wonderful system by a gentleman of the first abilities, and who has treated, many days, more than an hundred a day, and with great success in many instances. And I was not taught it under any restriction, and therefore can with freedom and pleasure communicate to others what I have received; and I doubt not, but any person of even a common capacity, by attending closely to the rules here laid down, may become as useful an operator as those that have paid large sums for their knowledge. But let not those be discouraged who are but beginners, but let them persevere and exert themselves in the practice of it, and they will see, in many instances, such success as will doubtless give them spirits to go on, and encourage them to persist.
If you would wish to treat patients with success observe the following rules or directions.
First. Be as much abstracted as possible; put every other thought and idea out of your mind, and seek to enter in, and for a time take possession of the subject, whom you are about to treat.
Secondly. Let your mind be filled with affection and benevolence towards the subject that you are treating. Let all the energy of your soul be fixed on the relief of your patient, and generally success will follow.
Thirdly. Let there be a constant intention within you; keep up an idea of the complaint that you wish to remove; be earnestly desirous to give all the assistance in your power towards the relief of the subject. Kindness, pity, constant intention, and compassion, are great promoters of success in this matter. Strange as this may seem, you will find it true, and those who have considered the amazing powers of sympathy and antipathy will easily see it reasonable.
Fourthly. Exert the strong internal faculty of volition, or your will, towards the subject that you are called to treat; determine to do good to the diseased; and you will find oftentimes a strange connection with those whom you are treating. This is produced by the incorporation of the atmospheres, and as each body has an atmosphere around it, they have a strange power over each other. And as the principles of this science, are in themselves very powerful, the more they are combined and exerted, the greater will be their
force, and the more conspicuous the effects of the treatment will be.
If the power of the mental faculties in men were known, they would be surprized at themselves; but these powers lie hid till they are proved by sensible operations really to exist. It has been frequently observed, that when persons are spoken of they are near, and soon come into sight, and when you think on absent persons, it is often found they are at the same time as earnestly engaged in thinking on you. Many instances of the amazing power of sympathy must have been manifested to all attentive observers. Consider this, and apply it with all your might to the present subject, according to the above directions.
(To be concluded in our next.)
EXTRACT.
AS beauteous Phosphor, in his flaming robe, Looks thro' night's curtain round the spacious globe, Sees the pale Moon in western skies decline, And bids the morn in blushing radiance shine; Soon as Aurora breaks the shades of night, Sinks down, embosom'd in his native light; Thus FRANKLIN shone; and round life's fields afar, Pour'd forth the effulgence of the morning star. He walk'd with nature thro' her mazy road, And eyed the beauties of the forming God; Taught us why lightning its red wings unfurl'd, And why the thunder rock'd the astonish'd world; Search'd the deep system of electric fire, And shew'd it streaming on the conscious wire; Till Heaven, admiring, call'd the sage away, And mix'd his radiance with celestial day.
But while, in tears, we mourn the long adieu, Lo, ADAMS rises to the enraptur'd view. As some fair fountain, in the vernal plain, Breaks thro' the ground and pours its streams amain; Thro' all the vale in soft meander spreads, Clears the choak'd soil, and wakes the verdant meads; So from his seat the exalted patriot stands, And gives new ardor to reviving lands; O'er every clime his voice, in thunder hurl'd, Sounds sacred terror to the admiring world. Britannia, fearful, hears her funeral song, And the dire death-watch sounding from his tongue. See, see COLUMBUS! from the tottering throne, A GEORGE descending to embrace thy son; From realm to realm the immortal statesman flies, And Independence rushes down the skies. His pen, his voice his country still shall guard, By Heaven inspir'd, and for the task prepar'd.
And thou, great WASHINGTON! immortal sage! Pride of the world! thou Phœbus of thine age! Whose awful name the tyrant dreads to hear, And startled envy drops the bloody spear; Say, can the Muse confess the rapt'rous fire, Nor found thy praises on the tuneful lyre? Thrice grateful task! thy God-like deeds to sing! What flowing numbers shou'd adorn the firing! When first, from Britain's shore, involv'd in blood, Black war rush'd vengeful o'er the billowy flood! When death, behind, display'd his horrid head, And the grim Furies left their iron bed; Round these fair climes, where peace, unknown to arms, And freedom, sacred freedom spread her charms; Hurl'd their black shafts, from hell's unbounded store, And desolation crimson'd all the shore; The WASHINGTON arose, to grasp the shield, And flew like lightning to the gloomy field. The murd'rous crew, aghast, confess'd the alarm, Nor dared the vengeance of his wasting arm. Round every plain unerring fate be sends, And death turns traitor to pursue his friends. Peace reigns again: And see, from smiling skies, Returning freedom to Columbia flies. Science comes down to wake her native fires, And WASHINGTON to Vernon's shades retires.
REPORT
OF THE SECRETARY OF STATE, On the subject of the COD AND WHALE FISHERIES, [CONTINUED.]
THE plan of the English government, since the peace, has been to prohibit all foreign fish in their markets, and they have given from eighteen to fifty pounds sterling, on every fishing vessel complying with certain conditions. This policy is said to have been so far successful as to have raised the number of seamen employed in that business in 1786, to fourteen thousand, and the quantity of fish taken, to seven hundred and thirty-two thousand kentals. The table No. 1, hereto annexed, will present to the eye, this history more in detail.
The fisheries of the United States, annihilated during the war; their vessels, utensils, and fishermen destroyed; their markets in the Mediterranean and British-America lost, and their produce dutied in those of France, their competitors enabled by bounties to meet and under sell them at the few markets remaining open without any public aid, and indeed, paying aids to the public: Such were the hopeless auspices, under which this important business was to be resumed. Yet it was resumed, and, aided by the mere force of natural advantages, they employed, during the years 1786.—7.—8.—9, on an average, five hundred thirty-nine vessels, of nineteen thousand one hundred eighty-five tons, three thousand two hundred eighty-seven seamen, and took two hundred fifty thousand six hundred fifty kentals of fish: (see No. 2.) and an official paper, (No. 3) shews that, in the last of those years, our exportation amounted to three hundred seventy-five thousand and twenty kentals, and thirty thousand four hundred sixty-one barrels, deduction made of three thousand seven hundred one kentals, and six thousand three hundred forty-three barrels of foreign fish received and re-exported. (See No. 4.) Still, however, the calculations in (No. 5) which accompany the representation, shew,
that the profits of the sales in the years 1787.—8, were too small to afford a living to the fisherman, and on those of 1789, there was such a loss as to withdraw thirty-three vessels, of the town of Marblehead alone, from the further pursuit of this business: And the apprehension is, that, without some public aid, those still remaining will continue to withdraw, and this whole commerce be engrossed by a single nation.
This rapid view of the cod-fishery, enables us to discern under what policy it has flourished or declined in the hands of other nations, and to mark the fact, that it is too poor a business to be left to itself, even with the nation the most advantageously situated.
It will now be proper to count the advantages which aid, and the disadvantages which oppose us in this contest.
Our advantages are—
1. The neighbourhood of the great fisheries, which permits our fishermen to bring home their fish to be salted by their wives and children. 2. The shore fisheries, so near at hand as to enable the vessels to run into port in a storm, and so lessen the risk, for which distant nations must pay insurance. 3. The winter fisheries, which, like household manufactures, employ portions of time which would otherwise be useless. 4. The smallness of the vessels, which the shortness of the voyage enables us to employ, and which, consequently, require but a small capital. 5. The cheapness of our vessels, which do not cost above the half of the Baltic fir vessels, computing price and duration. 6. Their excellence as sea boats, which decreases the risk, and quickens the returns. 7. The superiority of our mariners in skill, activity, enterprize, sobriety and order. 8. The cheapness of provisions. 9. The cheapness of casks, which, of itself, is said to be equal to an extra profit of fifteen per cent.
These advantages are of such force, that, while experience has proved that no other nation can make a mercantile profit on the Newfoundland fishery, nor can support it without national aid, we can make a living profit, if vent for our fish can be procured. Of the disadvantages opposed to us, those which depend on ourselves, are—
Tonnage, and naval duties on the vessels employed in the fishery. Impost duties on salt, on tea, rum, sugar, molasses, hooks, lines and leads, duck, cordage and cables, iron, hemp, and twine. } Used in the fishery.
Coarse woollens worn by the fishermen; and the poll-tax levied by the State on their persons. The statement, No. 6, shews the amount of these, exclusive of the State tax, and drawback on the fish exported, to be 5.25 dollars per man, or 57.75 dollars per vessel of fifty-five tons. When a business is so nearly in equilibrio, that one can hardly discern whether the profit be sufficient to continue it, or not, smaller sums than these suffice to turn the scale against it. To these disadvantages, add ineffectual duties on the importation of foreign fish. In justification of these last, it is urged that the foreign fish received, is in exchange for the produce of agriculture. To which it may be answered, that the thing given, is more merchantable than that received in exchange, and that agriculture has too many markets to be allowed to take away those of the fisheries. It will rest, therefore, with the wisdom of the legislature, to decide, whether prohibition should not be opposed to prohibition, and high duty to high duty, on the fish of other nations: Whether any, and which of the naval and other duties, may be remitted, or an equivalent given to the fisherman in the form of a drawback or bounty; and whether the loss of markets abroad may not, in some degree, be compensated by creating markets at home; to which might contribute the constituting fish a part of the military ration, in stations, not too distant from navigation, a part of the necessary sea stores of vessels, and the encouraging private individuals to let the fisherman share with the cultivator, in furnishing the supplies of the table. A habit introduced from motives of patriotism, would soon be followed, from motives of taste: And who will undertake to fix limits to this demand, if it can be once excited, with a nation which doubles, and will long continue to double at very short periods?
To be continued.
L O N D O N.
BEETHAM's New Portable WASHING MILL is now so improved, that all denominations of associated communities, private families and individuals, may derive the most unbounded advantages from adopting it to wash silk, linen, cotton, woolen, &c. &c.
PECULIAR QUALITIES.
1 Simple construction. 2 Facility of operation. 3 Saves great expences. 4 Preserves the linen. 5 Beautifies the linen. 6 Thickens the linen. 7 One person works it. 8 Not liable to injury. 9 Wants no repairs. 10 Works by pressure only. 11 Saves soap. 12 Saves coals. 13 Saves manual labour. 14 Saves boiling of linen. 15 Soon clears the price. 16 Turns the linen incessantly. 17 Washes as much as ten women. 18 Vibrates in half a second. 19 Washes cleaner than common. 20 Easy to manage. 21 Washes 24 shirts at one time. 22 Saves 15s in one guinea. 23 Firsts and seconds at one time.
PROPORTIONATE PRICES.
A mill large enough to wash 8 shirts, 4l. 4s— 14 ditto, 4l 14s 6d—18 ditto, 5l 5s—24 ditto 6l 6s—and one to first and second, 8l 8s—Wringer 1l. 1s.

FOR THE GAZETTE OF THE UNITED STATES.
ODE TO HENRY.
WHAT bliss the voice of Music gives, While transport in the bosom lives, While virtue, borne on every sound, Spreads love and happiness around! The Soul in purer vision sees The ills of human life retire; And Adoration loads the breeze, With praises that to Heaven aspire. How few the happy power possess The sympathizing heart to bless With pictures of ideal joy, Which strengthen virtue, not destroy! They are the Muses' favorite care; Perfection thro' their souls she breathes; And crowns them, fairest of the fair, With Glory's never-fading wreaths. And He whose long their voice inspires With holy Pleasure's warm desires; With power the trembling lyre to move To accents of immortal love; Shall, robed in modest merit, shine His country's wonder, and its praise; While, bending at her moral shrine, To Truth he consecrates his lays. Him shall the love of nations hail, Born o'er Oppression to prevail; Virtue's own hand shall round his tomb Twine circles of immortal bloom; The Loves eternal incense burn; The Muses there the Lyre shall place; And Glory shall the simple urn With HENRY's name, in transport, grace.
E L L A.
From the LITCHFIELD MONITOR.
Who shall go about To cozen fortune and be honorable Without the stamp of merit? Let none presume To wear an undeserved dignity. SHAKESPEARE.
RULES FOR YOUNG LAWYERS.
FIRST, to discard all modesty and diffidence of his own abilities, and instead thereof assume a competent stock of impudence—for an overbearing confidence and superlative arrogance are most excellent weapons in this warfare.
When he enters court let his hat comply with apparent reluctance, and just uncovered, thrust himself into the most advantageous, conspicuous, and dignified seat, to the exclusion of older practitioners—for, to bystanders it will give him an appearance of genuine superiority.
When he happens to be retained in a cause, let him make as many motions to the court as possible, no matter how impertinent, frivolous, or indecent; for although they may be fruitless and unimportant, and consequently despised by the discerning few, yet the majority of numbers among the ordinary audience, will impute his loquacity and zeal to a redundancy of profound knowledge and talents, capable of miraculous improvement.
If he should be engaged in the same cause with an old and experienced counsellor, let him rise magnanimously, upon all interlocutory and occasional questions, and without servile consultation offer and obtrude his sentiments upon the Court in a harsh, sonorous, authoritative tone of voice, as if conscious of his innate superiority—this will infallibly magnify or stretch him in the eyes and opinion of the multitude.
It will be a happy circumstance, if he can compose his muscles to a fixed gravity when addressing the Bench, and in a dictatorial style peremptorily declare that he shall proceed until he is stopped. This manœuvre has produced wonderful effects on the court and attendants; for where is the Judge, Advocate, or Juryman, who can withstand such knock me down arguments?
He ought likewise to treat his predecessors in practice, and superiors in knowledge and experience at the bar, with supercilious indifference, if not sovereign contempt. If they peaceably suffer him to pass without applicable animadversions, his clients may consider it a tacit acknowledgment of his distinguished abilities.
When managing a cause in court, by all means let him browbeat, blackguard, and abuse the opposite party and his witnesses as much as possible—for this will insure the confidence of his employer, and loosen the pursestrings, whilst ten to one, some other candidate for litigation will set him down as an undaunted adversary, and more refined and polished characters, (as well as aborigines) have sometimes worshipped evil spirits to keep on good terms with them.
If a suit is likely to be commenced, or some controversy in a family or neighbourhood begun, he must be careful to visit one of the contending parties, and in character of a FRIEND, officiously point out what necessary measures are to be taken,—after this it would be ungrateful not to employ him in the cause.
After all this he must frequent the shrine of Bacchus with such as may probably introduce business; from which familiar correspondence, great advantages may be often obtained—this, however, depends on circumstances and contingencies; so that it must be left to the management of discretion.
Only four years attentive practice upon these principles, hath successfully conducted a thrifty stripling of my acquaintance to a comparatively high degree of elevation, in his own opinion—But pray be contented to expect more strictures on the subject by and by, as occasion may require.
LITTLETON.
March 25, 1791.
A Writer in the American Mercury, under the Title of "THE PATRIOT," concludes his second number with the following Proposition—which is republished as a hint worthy general attention.
LET there be a society instituted for promoting arts and sciences, husbandry and manufactures (the Governor always to be the President, and the Lieut. Governor the Vice-President of the said society)—Let the government appropriate, annually, a certain sum of money, to defray the expence of publishing such short treatises on those several heads, as may be best calculated to promote a general knowledge amongst the farmers; to be distributed to every town in this State—Let there be a further sum annually appropriated to be distributed, by said society, as premiums for the best samples of hemp or flax raised in this State—reference being had to the greatest quantity raised by one person—as well as to the greatest quantity from any particular quantity of land; in every case the person who claims the bounty to furnish the society, for publication, with an accurate description of the land on which the crops were raised; as it respects the natural soil—the mode of preparing the land to receive the seed—the method of treating the crops whilst on the ground, and gathering them in; and the subsequent treatment of the products in preparing them for use in our manufactures.
A premium for the greatest and best lots of wool, taken from any given number of sheep, and sold to any manufactory within this State. Say the greatest and finest lot of wool, taken the same season, from 20, from 40, from 60, from 80, and from 100 sheep, &c. the premium to be increased in proportion to the number of the sheep. It would not require a large sum to give (in this way) a spring to this business; and when once well established, it would require no more nursing.
BOSTON, April 23.
THE BEAUTIFUL AND SUBLIME OF BLACKGUARDISM.
MR. Pensioner BURKE, in his "Reflections," thus endeavors to abuse the philanthropic PRICE for his Sermon delivered before the Revolution Society.—"At first," says he, "I was at a loss to account for this fit of unguarded transport, I knew, indeed, that the sufferings of Monarchs make a delicious repast to some sort of palates. There were reflections which might serve to keep this appetite within some bounds of temperance. But when I took one circumstance into my consideration, I was obliged to confess, that much allowance ought to be made for the Society, and that the temptation was too strong for common discretion; I mean the circumstance of the Io Pean of the triumph, the animating cry which called "for all the BISHOPS to be hanged on the lamp posts," might well have brought forth a burst of enthusiasm on the foreseen consequences of this happy day. I allow to so much enthusiasm some little deviation from prudence. I allow this prophet to break forth into hymns of joy and thanksgiving on an event which appears like the precursor of the Millennium, and the projected fifth monarchy, in the destruction of all church establishments. There was, however, (as in all human affairs there is) in the midst of this joy something to exercise the patience of these worthy gentlemen, and to try the suffering of their faith. The actual murder of the King and Queen and their child, was wanting to the other auspicious circumstances of this "beautiful day." The actual murder of the Bishops, though called for by so many holy ejaculations, was also wanting. A group of regicide and sacrilegious slaughter, was indeed boldly sketched, but it was only sketched. It unhappily was left unfinished, in this great history-piece of the massacre of innocents. What hardy pencil of a great master, from the school of the rights of men, will finish it, is to be seen hereafter. *6th Oct.
The charge against Mr. Burke, of being pensioned to vilify the French Revolution, has been made by the celebrated Priestly;—and, notwithstanding the raillery of a few satellites of the former, the charge has not yet been refuted.
A writer in an English paper, gives the following elegant description of France.—That it was the favoured country of nature, blessed with a happy diversity of climates; enriched with the choicest and most delicate productions of a luxuriant soil, embracing the Atlantic and Mediterranean seas; formed for empire, for dominion, and for superiority among the European king-
doms; and uniting in herself, every natural advantage which industry can bestow, or commerce can procure.
A SUNDAY SCHOOL, established by the Proprietors of the DUCK MANUFACTORY, and intended for the education of the female children employed therein, was opened yesterday evening, under the direction of Mr. Oliver W. Lane. The attention to the morals and instruction of those who are prevented from receiving the benefit of instruction on any other day than this, does the gentlemen who instituted it, infinite honour. Its being confined to the young daughters of industry, employed in the Factory, will enable the Superintendant to do the fullest justice to the children committed to his care.
We are informed that Mr. Lemuel Hayward, and Dr. Aaron Dexter, of this town, have been elected members of the London Medical Society.
The English ministerial politicians, notwithstanding all they see and hear, still in imitation of their Prime Leader, Mr. Burke, declare, "that the utopian constitution which 1200 despots have attempted to establish in France, totters on its feeble basis, and will be blown away by the breath of civil discord." Who they intend to deceive by this, we know not—it may be themselves—for the world is too enlightened to be thus imposed on.
DUBLIN, Dec. 14. SUNDAY, the University of Dublin, in full convocation, unanimously conferred the honorary Degree of Doctor of Laws on the Right Honorable EDMUND BURKE, as the powerful advocate of the Constitution, the friend of public order, virtue, and the happiness of mankind, and in testimony of the high respect entertained by the University, (which had the honor of his education) for the various endowments of his capacious mind, and for his superior talents and abilities." [How mankind differ in sentiment!]
PROVIDENCE, April 23. The President of the United States has been pleased to appoint Col. William Barton, and Major Daniel Lyman, Inspecting Officers for the Ports within the district of Rhode-Island and Providence Plantations.
PITTSBURGH, April 23. By Mr. Stewart Wilkins who arrived here the 20th instant, up the Ohio, from the Kenhawa, we have the intelligence, that, just before his leaving that place, a man had come in almost dead with fatigue and hunger, who was one of a militia that were coming up the river in a boat loaded with provisions for the French settlement at Gallipolis; and that 20 of these whose turn it was to walk on shore and hunt, were fired upon by a party of about 30 Indians concealed in a thick bushy place, and most probably all cut off but himself. The boat, probably, with the rest on board, had returned down the river. This happened on the 27th of March, nearly opposite, the mouth of the Sciota, on the Virginia side of the river.
By an express which arrived from Venango last week, we are given to understand, that the settlers at Cosewago, were leaving it, and coming down to the garrison at Fort Franklin; that from every appearance a stroke was intended on that settlement, as several parties of unfriendly Indians had been discovered by scouts that were out: that the Cornplanter and Halftown had upwards of 100 warriors in and about the garrison, and have runners continually out to bring intelligence, they being determined to protect the garrison at all events, from any insult.
BENNINGTON, April 25. We hear from Salem (Washington county, State of New-York) that on the 1st inst. as a son of Mr. William Matthews, of that town, a promising youth, about 18 years of age, was driving a cart, the oxen, being unruly, ran the cart against a tree—the young man was sitting in the cart, with a young boy about six or seven years old, and perceiving the danger to which they were exposed, he threw the young lad out, and saved his life; but unfortunately before he could extricate himself, the cart overturned, by which he was so much bruised, that he expired on the following Sabbath.
SPRINGFIELD, April 27. We are happy to inform the public of the arrival of Capt. John Hills in this place—who is employed by the Secretary at War, to make such observations, as may lead to the accomplishment of the object mentioned in the following certificate:—
THIS is to certify that the bearer, Captain John Hills, has been employed by me for the purpose of exploring the country from Springfield to Charles' river, and making accurate surveys thereof, with a view to ascertain whether an inland navigation would be practicable.
As this object is of the highest public utility, all good people are requested to give him such information and advice, as the nature of the case may require.
GIVEN at Philadelphia, this ninth day of April, one thousand seven hundred and ninety-one. H. KNOX.
To whom it may concern. NEW-YORK, May 3. Yesterday sailed from this city for India and China, the ship President Washington, Captain Jacob Sarly, allowed by good judges to be one of

the completest merchantmen ever built in America. She has undergone an entire refit since her arrival here in distress on the 8th ult. and such alterations made in the stowage of her cargo (which is chiefly iron) as, it is expected, will prevent a similar casualty in the future course of her voyage.
BALTIMORE, May 3.
DEATHS.—Mr. DAVID STERETT, of this town, Merchant—Virginia, the Hon. BENJAMIN HARRISON, Esq. formerly a respectable Delegate to Congress from, and Governor of, that State—At Richmond, in the same State, JOHN DIXON, Esq. State Printer.
Philadelphia, May 7.
It has been said that supreme independent power in the hands of either the one, the few, or the many, has in all ages and countries degenerated into tyranny—This observation is founded on universal experience: The revolutionists in the time of Charles I. annihilated the House of Peers and the Hierarchy—but did they establish a free government? They did not: Mr. Paine applauds the National Assembly of France—they have not yet gone so far as Cromwell and his party did—perhaps they never may—as the French nation have a predilection for Kings, at present—Should the time however arrive when they are fully enlightened—they will then, to use a borrowed phrase, see the nonsense of “this, that and to ther,” and Kings will be thought as little of by the French nation, as they are by Mr. Paine—till then the French Revolution, according to him, is essentially defective: At this time however the approbation of the King to the measures of the National Assembly is mentioned by the friends to the Revolution as a most important circumstance in its favor.
A correspondent observes that there are some persons in the world of so peculiar a cast of mind that nothing meets with their approbation which has not received their particular fiat as an essential requisite to its existence. The system of the bank of the United States is however almost an exception to the above observation; natives and foreigners have awarded it their approbation—the former on account of its immediate and obvious advantages, and for the wisdom and foresight discovered in its organization—wisely considering that should a foreign direction obtain, and acquire a preponderating influence, the time may arrive, when the destruction of the bank of this country, and a total derangement of its finances might be compensated by the douceur of a foreign power. Foreigners among other reasons, because it reserves to the citizens of this government the exclusive direction; for while the capital is under the control of persons the most fully competent to judge of characters, they may be more fully assured that nothing will be done to counteract the general interest of the concerned.
The Bank of the United States may justly be considered as a proposition made to the monied interest, foreign and domestic—and in fact, appears to both in a very favourable point of light—the latter, from every information, are making great preparations to subscribe, and the terms are so advantageous that no equal object of speculation is perhaps presented in any quarter of the globe to the former.
A late writer says, that the only solid foundation for Liberty, is Virtue: When virtue is gone, liberty soon follows; but this must refer to public virtue, for it is notorious, that some of the most renowned modern champions of liberty, are strangers to personal virtue—Is the sentiment then without foundation? I trow not—for tho no dependence can be rationally placed on the patriotic professions of a vicious character, yet their being obliged to assume the semblance of honesty to carry their points, is an indirect confirmation of the principle.
“The foundation of all social virtue is a belief of the existence and government of a Deity—a regard to the Deity cannot be maintained without some public exercises of religion.—Social worship is therefore necessary to the happiness of society, and to the easy administration of government—and in this view worthy the attention of every legislature, while in a higher view it deserves the regard of every individual.”
Patriotism, like Religion, often enjoins duties which are paramount to every other consideration—and tho the selfish part of mankind derogate from the merit of every action performed by their contemporaries, by imputing the motives to inferior considerations—yet a conscious integrity will furnish a reward for every public spirited exertion, of which envy and censure cannot deprive the votaries of virtue and benevolence.
We learn that upwards of one hundred troops which have been raised in New-Jersey for the service of the frontiers, will march from Trenton for Fort-Pitt this day, under the command of Capt. Zebulon Pike.
Ridicule titles, honors and distinctions among mankind, and you will always be in the majority. Embrace the first favorable opportunity to traduce the government under which you live—the more free it is, the more you may abuse it with impunity and success.
Always reserve your opinion till you know which is the strongest side.
By observing the foregoing, some have acquired popularity, honors and riches, without possessing any principles of morality or honesty.
Extract of a letter from Boston, April 16.
Several arrivals from England, bring us the state of politics and war in Europe, by which it appears they continue to act over and over the same mad scenes which for many ages have disgraced human nature; When we reflect how incompetent they are to govern themselves, how should our hearts expand with gratitude to heaven for separating us from them.
Some citizens of the United States when contemplating the errors or supposed misdoings of our own government are apt to depreciate its value; let such persons turn their thoughts now and then to Britain, and other nations of Europe, and observe the shocking sacrifices of blood and treasure and faith and honor and religion, and every thing that is called good—and they will prize independence. Mr. G——, who came home in the last ship that arrived—informs me, that the British and other nations appear now to be fully sensible of the growing greatness of the United States: I trust they will have cause to rise in their ideas of us.
The tour of the President of the United States to the southward at this time is a good plan.—We have heard frequently of uneasiness and opposition in respect to some of the revenue laws, if any thing of the kind really exists among our southern brethren, seeing him in their country will have a very conciliating effect, and do more than a thousand arguments from even an Ames or a Gerry.
Extract of a letter from a gentleman in London, to his friend in this city, by the Pigeon.
“I rejoice to see by the papers, that the United States of America are in such a flourishing condition, and that trade, commerce, husbandry, arts, sciences, manufactures, &c. begin to prosper on your side of the Atlantic. May the blessing of GOD continue to send peace, unity and prosperity to your vast western empire. In London you have many hearty friends, and from the best information, throughout all England. There is great joy among the friends of America here, when things go well in your land, and I can assure you, from personal observation, that your friends daily increase, and that the credit of the American States is perpetually rising, all owing to your well-established and efficient government. May heaven long preserve your well-beloved GEORGE, and continue him to be the friend, the supporter and guardian of your dear native country!—America was the first who stepped forth to light up the expiring lamp of freedom in the world, France has followed her example, and I trust that in time, the whole globe will be illuminated with the same pure flame.
I send you with this “a true and genuine account of animal electricity and magnetism,” which has been published here to put an end to the practice of teaching it for money: as vast sums have been given for the knowledge of it in England, and perhaps the same may be the case in America. Though I am well persuaded, from some acquaintance with both the countries, that the common people in America have much more general and useful knowledge, than they have in any part of Great-Britain, and consequently are not so violently led away and inflamed with novelty and curiosity. You can hardly have an idea, what crowds will collect together in London, to behold the most trifling as well as common incident. Their curiosity is alive to every novelty, and hence many hundreds of people in this city have given, astonishing to tell, from 5 to more than 100 guineas, to acquire the information communicated in that little pamphlet!”
* See page 1, of this day's paper.
On Friday morning the 29th ult. the ship Termagant, belonging to the house of Messrs Claggett, lying in the stream opposite Georgetown, Patowmac, was discovered on fire, which soon communicated itself to the powder on board; the explosion was so severe as to shake most of the houses in the town.
The loss, occasioned by this alarming event, must be great, as the ship was large and nearly new; besides, there were goods to a considerable amount, and a large sum of money on board—all which (except part of the money, which has since been found) was destroyed. We are informed that this accident proceeded from the steward's falling to sleep and leaving a candle burning in the cabin, which, by some means or other, set fire to the sails that were stowed there. No lives lost.
The people are the only legitimate source of power; power derived from the people is consequently legitimate: From whence have despotisms originated? In idolatry: Who are the idolators? Those who set up and worship an idol: Are there any idols now in the world? Let experience answer. If there are idols, there must of necessity be worshippers; but can any man point out the country in which they are to be found? Are there any in America, in France, in England?—What says the poet,
Nature hath left the tincture in our blood, All men would be tyrants if they could. and as all men would be tyrants, it follows that the universal object is to acquire the greatest possible share of influence; and he that
obtains the highest round in the ladder approaches nearest to that point from which all despotisms have commenced their career; for the man whose opinion is paramount to law and the constitution in the mind of the people, is superior to both.
The meeting of the Delegates from the State Societies of the CINCINNATI, adjourned on Thursday, June die. The next triennial meeting will be in May, 1793.
Extracts from the answer to Mr. BURKE, by Mr. PAINE.
“Government, says Mr. Burke, is a contrivance of human wisdom.” Admitting that government is a contrivance of human wisdom, it must necessarily follow, that hereditary succession, and hereditary rights (as they are called) can make no part of it, because it is impossible to make wisdom hereditary; and on the other hand, that cannot be a wise contrivance, which in its operation may commit the government of a nation to the wisdom of an idiot. The ground which Mr. Burke now takes is fatal to every part of his cause. The argument changes from hereditary rights to hereditary wisdom, and the question is, Who is the wisest man? He must now shew that every one in the line of hereditary succession was a Solomon, or his title is not good to be a king.—What a stroke has Mr. Burke now made! To use a sailor's phrase, he has swabbed the deck, and scarcely left a name legible in the list of kings; and he has mowed down and thinned the House of Peers, with a scythe as formidable as Death and Time. [Alas, the poor house of Peers!]
“The opinions of men with respect to government, are changing fast in all countries. The revolutions of America and France have thrown a beam of light over the world, which reaches into man. The enormous expences of governments, have provoked people to think, by making them feel: and when once the veil begins to rend, it admits not of repair. Ignorance of a peculiar nature, once dispelled, and it is impossible to re-establish it. It is not originally a thing of itself, but is only the absence of knowledge; and tho man may be kept ignorant, he cannot be made ignorant. The mind, in discovering truth, acts in the same manner as it acts through the eye in discovering objects; when once any object has been seen, it is impossible to put the mind back to the same condition it was in before it saw it. Those who talk of a counter revolution in France, shew how little they understand of man. There does not exist in the compass of language, an arrangement of words to express so much as the means of affecting a counter revolution. The means must be an obliteration of knowledge; and it has never yet been discovered how to make man unknow his knowledge, or unthink his thoughts.
The following paragraph more than hints that Mr. Burke is pensioned.
Mr. Burke is laboring in vain to stop the progress of knowledge; and it comes with the worse grace from him, as there is a certain transaction known in the city, which renders him suspected of being a pensioner in a fictitious name. This may account for some strange doctrines he has advanced in his book, which, tho he points it at the Revolution Society, is effectually directed against the whole nation.
A list of the Prizes in the Massachusetts Semi-annual Lottery, published by the Managers, may be seen at the house of the Editor.
In consequence of the recent difficulties and disappointments attending the conveyance of the Gazette of the United States, several of the subscribers have declined taking it any longer: The Editor requests that the letters which convey him this information may be sent free of charge: He has paid a considerable sum for postage within a few days, on letters that contained only the above intelligence.
From PELOSI'S MARINE LIST.
Arrivals since our last.
Sloop Charlotte, Cumming, St. Eustatia.
Polly, Midget, North-Carolina.
Hazard, Folger, Do.
Rainbow, Portland and Falmouth.
Hope, Bentley, Charleston.
Schooner Polly, Mann, North-Carolina.
Isabella, Henderson, St. Eustatia.
Bonefine, Rosa, Oporto.
PRICE CURRENT.—PUBLIC SECURITIES.
Table with 4 columns: Security Type, Price, Unit, and Notes. Includes sections for FUNDED DEBT (6 pr. Cents, 3 pr. Cents, Deferred 6 pr. Cents) and UNFUNDED DEBT (Final Sett. and other Certificates, Indents, N. and S. Carolina debts).
A CARD.
JOSEPH WHEATON PRESENTS his compliments to his old Military Friends, the Gentlemen of the Civil List, and the Public—wishes they may be informed that he has received a very handsome ASSORTMENT of the best chosen
SPRING GOODS,
By the Pigeon, and other late arrivals, which are now opening at his KNOWN CHEAP STORE, No. 38, Third-Street, North, and which he is determined to dispose of (at wholesale or retail) on so low terms as must make it an object to customers.—Orders from his friends will be attended to with punctuality and dispatch, and the time of payment made convenient. Philad. May 2, 1791.
PHILADELPHIA, May 3.
WE, the Commissioners, appointed to receive subscriptions to the Bank of the United States, do hereby give public notice, that the Books will be opened by us for that purpose at the Bank of North-America, on Monday the 4th day of June next. THOMAS WILLING, SAMUEL HOWELL, BEALE BORDLEY, LAMBERT CADWALADER, DAVID RITTENHOUSE, All the Printers in the United States are requested to publish the above.
To be disposed of, BY PRIVATE SALE, A COLLECTION OF Scarce and Valuable BOOKS,
In various LANGUAGES—being part of a private Library; Among which are the following:
FOLIO. Euripides, Homer, Demosthenes, Xenophon, Plato, Lucian, Plutarch, Pausanias, Procopius, Eusebius, Nieophorus, Cicero, Virgil, Horace, Livy, Tacitus, Seneca, Pliny, &c.
Quarto. Pindar, Aristotle, Terence, Ovid, Caesar, Suetonius, Juvenal, Manilius, &c.
Octavo & infra. Septuagint, Aristophanes, Longinus, Theophrastus, Epictetus, Heliod, Orpheus, M. Antoninus, Phalaris, Iocrates, Polyænus, Lucretius, Catullus, Tibullus, Propertius, Paterculus, Florus, Lucan, Statius, Gellius, Ausonius, Vida, Buchanan, Boëthius, Poëtæ minores Latini, Calliopædia, Strada, L. Valla, &c.
Catalogues may be had, and further particulars learned, at the Book-Store of Messrs. RICE and Co. Market-Street. Catalogues are also stashed up with the AMERICAN MUSEUM, for April.

This day is published, for the Proprietors, BY WILLIAM YOUNG, BOOKSELLER, No. 52, Second-Street, the corner of Chestnut-Street, The Universal Asylum, FOR APRIL, 1791.
CONTAINING. BESIDES the usual variety of interesting and entertaining matter, original thoughts on common sense, by Dr. Rush; and a number of extracts from Mr. Paine's celebrated answer to Mr. Burke, arranged under the following heads, viz.—Revolution-principles defended—on religious toleration—on the connection of a church establishment with the civil power—fundry causes which produced in France, sentiments favorable to liberty—on the absurdity of an hereditary succession—thoughts on the various forms of government, the downfall of hereditary power, and the progress of revolution-principles.
This number also contains the whole of the Excise-Bill, and a continuation of the historical sketch of the proceedings of Congress, which was begun in the Asylum for March. Philadelphia, May 2.
Funds of the United States.
ALL kinds of the Public Debt of the Union, bought, sold, or exchanged; Foreign and inland Bills of Exchange, negotiated; Merchandise of all sorts Bought and Sold on Commission, and all other Business in the line of a Broker, transacted by WILLIAM CLELAND, At the Office, next door to the Custom-House, State-Street, BOSTON.
PINTARD and BLEECKER, PURCHASE and SELL all kinds of Certificates & Public Securities, On COMMISSION, at public and private sale, on the following terms:
On the specie amount of all sales or purchases at auction, one eighth per cent. On ditto of all sales or purchases at private sale, on all sums below 5000 nominal dollars, one-half per cent.; and on all sums above 5000 nominal dollars, one-fourth per cent. For receiving interest at the Loan-Office, one per cent. For making transfers at ditto, one dollar each transfer. Such persons throughout the United States, as may be pleased to favor the subscribers with their orders, may rely on their being executed with punctuality, fidelity and dispatch, as considerable experience in the public stocks, together with extensive connections in the city of New-York and different parts of the continent, enable them to conduct their operations with peculiar advantages. PINTARD & BLEECKER, New-York, No. 57, King-Street. March 15, 1791. (97 1aw 6m)
MASSACHUSETTS SEMI-ANNUAL LOTTERY. CLASS II.
THE MANAGERS of the STATE-LOTTERY assure the Public, that the second Class of the SEMI-ANNUAL LOTTERY will positively commence drawing on the day appointed, viz. On Thursday the 13th of October next, or sooner, if the Tickets shall be disposed of. As the Managers have in their several monthly Lotteries commenced drawing at the hour assigned, so they are determined to be equally as punctual in this.
Table with 3 columns: PRIZES, DOLLARS, DOLLARS. It lists various prize amounts and their corresponding dollar values, totaling 25,000 tickets and 125,000 dollars.
TICKETS in the above CLASS may be had of the several MANAGERS, who will pay the prizes on demand; of the TREASURER of the Commonwealth; of JAMES WHITE, at his Book-store, Franklin's Head, Court-Street—and at other places, as usual. BENJAMIN AUSTIN, jun. DAVID COBB. SAMUEL COOPER. GEORGE R. MINOT, JOHN KNEELAND. MANAGERS. Boston, April 14, 1791.
ADVERTISEMENT.
THE Subscriber, who served a regular apprenticeship to the business of VENDUE-MASTER, under Mr. GEORGE KELLY, has just opened an OFFICE in the Borough of NORFOLK, Virginia, in a good and convenient House, situated near the County Wharf, where he is in hopes of giving general satisfaction to all those that may be pleased to favor him with their commands. JOHN H. HALL. Norfolk, Virginia, April 21, 1791. (1 ep 7w)
PROPOSALS FOR PRINTING BY SUBSCRIPTION, A COLLECTION OF MISCELLANEOUS ESSAYS, Partly original, and partly already published, Written by MATHEW CAREY.
CONDITIONS.
I. THE Work shall contain 200 pages; be printed on the finest writing paper; and be elegantly bound, edge rolled and lettered. II. Price to subscribers two thirds of a dollar, to be paid on the delivery of the book. III. The work shall be put to the press as soon as 250 copies are subscribed for. IV. The subscribers names shall be prefixed. SUBSCRIPTIONS are received by CAREY, STEWART, and Co. and all the other Booksellers in Philadelphia; also, by the different gentlemen throughout the United States, who supply subscribers with the American Museum. Philadelphia, Feb. 23, 1791.
MATTHEW M'CONNELL,
IN CHESNUT-STREET, No. 66, BUYS and SELLS all kinds of THE PUBLIC DEBT OF THE UNION; has frequently occasion to NEGOTIATE INLAND BILLS OF EXCHANGE—and will receive Orders for making SUBSCRIPTIONS to the BANK of the UNITED STATES. Philadelphia, March 30, 1791. (96 tf)
GALLAUDET and EWING,
NO. 54, SOUTH SECOND STREET, HAVE imported in the Lady Walterforf, from London, Manchester and Adriana from Liverpool, and the Birmingham Packet from Bristol, a GENERAL ASSORTMENT of SEASONABLE GOODS, which they will sell on reasonable terms.—(1/2) On hand for sale, a few hogheads of OLD JAMES'S RIVER TOBACCO. Philadelphia, April 9, 1791. 100 cdim
CONTRACT,
For erecting BRIDGES over the HACKINSACK and PASSAIAK Rivers, between Powlas-Hook and Newark, in the State of New-Jersey.
THE Commissioners appointed by an act of the legislature of the state of New-Jersey, to erect bridges over the Hackinack and Passaiack rivers, having obtained the necessary surveys, are now ready to receive proposals for performing the same; and offer the following conditions for the consideration of such as may be inclined to contract:
1st. The situation of the bridge across the Hackinack river, will be at one of the following stations, as shall be hereafter determined most eligible. 1st. At the place where the present ferry is established, where the width of the river is 1448 feet. Depth at the eastern shore, 8 feet 8 inches. Do. western shore, 8 11. Greatest depth, 25 4. 2d. At a place more northerly, called Douw's Ferry, where the width of the river is 846 feet. Depth at the eastern shore 19 feet 10 inches. Do. western shore 12 8. Greatest depth 35 8. The situation of the bridge across the Passaiack river, will be at one of the three following stations, as shall be hereafter determined most eligible. 1st. At the place where the present ferry is established, where the width of the river is 676 feet. Depth at the eastern shore 8 feet 6 inches, Do. western shore 9 6. Greatest depth 17. 2d. At a place more westerly, called Beef-Point, where the breadth of the river is 799 feet. Depth at the eastern shore 11 feet, Do. western shore 4 5 inches, Greatest depth 13 4. 3d. At a place still more northerly, called Hedden's dock, in the town of Newark, where the width of the river is 526 feet. Depth at the eastern shore 4 feet 5 inches, Do. western shore 10 8. Greatest depth 15 11.
The bridges are to be constructed on the principles of those erected over Charles, Myrick, and Beverly Rivers in the State of Massachusetts, with a draw to admit a free passage for vessels with fixed standing masts, not less than twenty-four feet wide, to be placed in that part of the bridges as shall be determined most convenient for the navigation of the river, with piles or blocks on each side of the entrance of such draw, as shall be judged sufficient to aid vessels in passing through. Also, one lamp on each side of the draw, to be lighted every night from sunset to sunrise, during the continuance of the lease.
The bridges are to be built with such piles, timber, scantling, and plank, as shall render them perfectly substantial and secure in the opinion of the commissioners, and are to be of a sufficient height to protect them against the tides, which rise at ordinary tides from 5 to 6 feet, and at spring tides from 8 to 10 feet. They are to be 31 feet in breadth, viz.
Allowance for carriage way, 20 feet. Do. for foot walks, raised off on each side, 4 feet each, 8 feet. Do. for ballustrades, 1 foot each, 2 feet. Do. for hand-rails for do. 6 inches each, 1 foot.—Total, 31 feet. The sides of the bridges to be secured with strong ballustrades, after the manner of the bridge between Boston and Charlestown. The bridges and draws are to be kept in constant repair, and at the expiration of the lease are to be surrendered in good order, agreeably to the act.
The following are the terms which the commissioners are authorized to offer to contractors: A lease of the exclusive privilege of the bridges for a period not exceeding 99 years, with a toll equal to three-fourths of the present rates of ferriage.
From an accurate estimate as could possibly be obtained, the actual receipts of the ferries for a medium of five years last past, amount to twelve hundred pounds, New-Jersey currency, per annum, three-fourths of that sum will consequently produce an immediate income of 900 pounds per ann. This may fairly be estimated as the smallest profit that can be calculated upon. The advancing population of the United States, the increasing intercourse between the two cities of New-York and Philadelphia, the facility which the construction of these bridges will give to traveling, the easy communication thereby offered with the state of New-York, on the western side of the Hudson, are all important circumstances, which must necessarily tend rapidly to accumulate the profits of the bridges. The commissioners are moreover authorized by law to raise four thousand pounds to be applied towards making causeways and laying out proper roads connected with the bridges, and have a lottery now on foot for that purpose. As soon as the places shall be determined on where the bridges are to be fixed, and the contracts for erecting them are executed, the roads and causeways will be immediately undertaken.
Such persons therefore as may be inclined to contract on the above principles, will be pleased to send in their terms sealed, within three months from this date, to WILLIAM MAXWELL, Esq. in New-York, specifying the shortest period of lease for which they will undertake to erect the said bridges, together with proper security for performing the same.
SAMUEL TUTHILL, JOHN NEILSON, ROBERT KEMBLE, WILLIAM MAXWELL, JOHN PINTARD, Commissioners. Newark, State of New-Jersey, April 22, 1791.
TO BE SOLD, THE SEAT OF THE LATE GOVERNOR LIVINGSTON,
Situate about a mile from Elizabeth-Town, on the public road to Morris Town. The farm contains between 90 and 100 acres of land, 15 or 20 acres of which are wood land; there is also appertaining to the said farm about 19 acres of salt meadow. Particular attention having been paid to the cultivation of fruit; there is on the farm a very large collection of various kinds of the choicest fruit trees, &c. in full bearing; the house is large, convenient, well built and in very good repair. Enquire of the Printer, for further particulars. New-York, Jan. 1791. 80 3m
PRICE CURRENT.—PHILADELPHIA.
Large table of market prices for various goods including Anchors, Allum, Ashes, Brandy, Bread, Beer, Boards, Beef, Butter, Cedar, Chocolate, Coal, Coffee, Cinnamon, Cassia, Cheese, Candles, Cotton, Currants, Cloves, Copperas, Cordage, Cocoa, Duck, Flour, Flax, Fustic, Feathers, Flaxseed, Glue, Ginger, Hops, Indigo, Irons, Junk, Lead, Leather, Lignum vitae, Logwood, Meal, Mackerel, Mace, Mustard, Molasses, Marble, Mahogany, Nails, Oak timber, Porter, and various types of wood and sugar. Includes a 'COURSE OF EXCHANGE' section at the bottom right.
MANUEL NOAH,
BROKER, No. 91, Race-Street, between Second and Third-Streets, BUYS and SELLS
Continental & State Certificates, Pennsylvania and Jersey Paper Money, And all kinds of SECURITIES of the United States, or of any particular State.