Gazette of the United-States. (New-York [N.Y.]), 1791-07-27 00:00:00

Gazette of the United States.
PUBLISHED WEDNESDAYS AND SATURDAYS BY JOHN FENNO, No. 69, HIGH-STREET, BETWEEN SECOND AND THIRD STREETS, PHILADELPHIA.
[No. 26, of Vol. III.]
WEDNESDAY, JULY 27, 1791.
[Whole No. 234.]
FROM THE COLUMBIAN CENTINEL.
FROM THE HAMPSHIRE CHRONICLE.
THE ECONOMIST.
THE Economist recommends saving , as the way to make gain . But he will be asked, whether a man's gains are always in proportion to his savings ? Certainly they are not so, unless he saves with discretion. There is an extreme in saving, as well as in spending. The former may be as inconsistent with thriving, as the latter. "There is that withholdeth more than is meet; but it tendeth to poverty." Parvus is a husbandman. His father, twenty years ago, left him in possession of a good farm, which he has industriously occupied ever since; but he has made no progress: He has only just kept his ground; and the only difficulty is, he is afraid of every thing that looks like expense. He carries all his savings to an extreme.
If he buys a coat, he aims at the cheapest cloth in the shop, and thus always gets the poorest. The trimmings, the taylor's bill, and the time spent in going half a dozen times to the taylor, before the coat is finished, are about the same, as if he had bought a good substantial coat; but it does not half the service.
There is not a farmer in the town who, with the same quantity of hay, keeps so numerous a flock. But though he seldom sells or kills a beef, or a mutton, he only just keeps his number good. His sheep shed half their wool before shearing time; his cattle arrive not to their growth, until they are five or six years old, and then they are but dwarfs; and his yard, every spring, is the rendezvous of all the neighbouring crows; and all because he is too saving of his hay. If he can make his creatures live through the winter, he thinks he does well. His object is to keep a large stock on a little hay.
If he buys a breeding mare, what he principally regards, is a low price. He does not consider, that a low priced animal will eat as much as any other; and that her foals are not of half the value. His buildings fall into ruins, because he dreads the expense of repairing; and the very timbers are rotting, while he tries to make the old covering last as long as possible. Rather than be at the expense of convenient implements for his husbandry, he depends on borrowing: And the time lost for want of them, and spent in borrowing and returning, every year amounts to five times their value. Thus Parvus carries on his business, and with great industry, on a good farm, he just supports a moderate family; while several of his neighbours, on farms no better, and with less labour, are growing rich, only by discretion in saving, and judgment in spending.
ROME, April 30.
WE are assured that the differences which have subsisted so long between our Court and that of Naples, are at length finally concluded. The settlement consists of 24 articles, in three of which the parties have determined on the sixty vacant bishopricks, the jurisdiction of the Pope's Nuncio, and the tribute of the Haque-nee, or old palfrey.
MADRID, May 10.
Government is very much perplexed,—fresh measures are thought necessary. The obedience of the people is not lessened, but requires to be nicely managed; and though the precautions of government appear lessened, they are in reality augmented.
A frigate and packet-boat are arrived at Corunna from Montevideo and Guyara, with cargoes of 409,349, piastres, 7100 raw hides, and other merchandise.
LEIPSIC, May 16.
We learn from Dresden, the interesting intelligence, that the Elector of Saxony, our sovereign, has not only been appointed by the Diet of Warsaw successor to the Throne of Poland, but that his Electoral Highness has also accepted a choice dictated by the unanimous wish of nearly a whole nation.
FRANCE.
NATIONAL ASSEMBLY, Friday, May 20.
The discussion on the organization of the Legislative Body was resumed, on which subject several articles were decreed, the most interesting of which are as follows:
As soon as the verification of the powers shall be finished, and the Assembly definitely appoint-
Mr. Paine has not however, grounded his preference to the French constitution, upon truth, in this instance any more than in the other. The principle of excluding placemen, pensioners, and executive officers from the national representation is acknowledged by the laws under the English constitution, as well as in that of France. The only possible advantage which the French can pretend to, is, that they have been more successful in its application. Mr. Paine might have said that it was not sufficiently extended by the English laws, and that it was by the French; and his opinion would have had its weight; but this would not answer his purpose: The French constitution must at all events have a triumph; and a system so odious as the English government was not entitled to the benefits of common truth and justice. There are however several acts of Parliament, expressly excluding a great variety of placemen, pensioners and officers dependent upon the executive authority, from holding seats in the house of commons. With respect to pensioners their principle is more equitable than the total exclusion of the French. Every person holding a pension at the pleasure of the king, or for a term of years is excluded, because such a man may be too liable to be under the influence of the executive power; but if a man has received a pension for life, as a reward for services rendered his country, a pension which carries no dependence, and which can have no effect upon the legislative conduct of the person entitled to it, neither the English nor the Americans think former services are a regular disqualification for the future; nor are they disposed to deprive any man of an invaluable privilege, merely because they have paid him for hazarding his life perhaps, or his fortune in their service.
But, says Mr. Paine, by the English constitution "those who vote the supplies are the same persons who receive the supplies when voted, and are to account for the expenditure of those supplies to those who voted them; it is themselves accountable to themselves." This to be sure, is very ingenious, but it is not in any sense true. The persons who vote the supplies are the house of commons, the representatives of the nation. To them the king's ministers (and principally the Chancellor of the Exchequer) are accountable for the expenditure of the monies voted. The ministers may indeed be at the same time members of the House of Commons, and the system is perhaps defective in allowing a few individuals to be members of the body to whom they are accountable. It may be inconvenient, but it is not at all absurd, and is purposely authorized by the English constitution, because they consider its advantages as more than a balance for its inconveniences. The minister of the supreme executive office, states to the representatives of the nation, the sums necessary to defray the annual expenses of the kingdom. These representatives vote the assessment of such sums as they think necessary, & make the appropriations. The ministers then become accountable for the expenditures according to the previous appropriations, to that body of which they are indeed individual members, but of which they do not compose an hundredth part. Upon what principle then are we told that it is themselves accountable to themselves? They have indeed in France taken great pains to secure the independence of the legislative upon the executive authority; but they have not been equally cautious on the other side. Their executive is left totally at the mercy of the legislature, and must infallibly soon fall a sacrifice to their ambition.
The discussion of this subject would lead me far beyond my present intention. I have shown that the constitution of England has adopted the principle of excluding citizens dependent upon the executive power, from the House of Commons; the French constitution has done no more; and if they have carried the application of the principle further, that circumstance does not warrant the decided preference which Mr. Paine has so liberally bestowed: Since it is only a difference of opinion upon the expediency of particular exclusions.
PUBLICOLA.
BOSTON, July 13.
MARRIED—In London, Mr. JOHN COLEMAN, of Berkeley square, to Miss PORTER, of St. James' Street; and thus Mr. Coleman is rewarded for having brought the monster to punishment, by the lady whose cause he so gallantly espoused.
MR. RUSSELL, FROM the existence of game laws, and of monopolies in England, Mr. Paine infers the wisdom of the National Assembly, who have decreed, that there shall be none in France. I shall not defend the game laws, nor the monopolies allowed in England: Mr. Paine's comparisons are made with the professed intention of shewing the superiority of the French Constitution, and he has therefore always chosen his own ground of comparison. He might have pursued a system more consistent with truth and candor, but it would not have answered his purpose so effectually. The true drift of Mr. Paine's argument in this instance is this: The English Parliament have enacted game laws that operate unequally. They have allowed more monopolies than are advantageous to the people; therefore the Legislature of a nation ought not to have the power to make any laws at all relative either to game, or to monopolies. This is Mr. Paine's principle, and it is the real ground upon which he prefers the French constitution, not merely to that of England, but to those of every State in the American Union. He infers, that the English constitution is bad, because under that constitution certain bad laws have been enacted, and are not yet repealed. And he concludes that the French constitution is excellent, because the universal freedom of the chase, and the universal freedom of trade are placed beyond the controul of their legislature.—But the preservation of game is an object of public concern, and the legislature of every country ought to have the power of making game laws for the benefit of the public. Whether English Parliaments have exerted unwisely this power which has been delegated to them or not, is a question altogether foreign to the purpose; we know that bad laws exist in every country under Heaven; but it is strange reasoning, to infer from thence, that there ought not to exist in the nation a power to make good ones. All the Legislatures in the United States, have the power to enact game laws and to allow monopolies. They all of them exercise this power. We have game laws and monopolies in this Commonwealth, and yet no man complains that they are destructive to his liberty. If the French constitution has placed the regulation of those objects beyond the reach of their ordinary legislative authority, they will soon find by their experience of inconveniences, that the goodness of a constitution does not depend upon the impotence of the legislature.
In examining the next article it is utterly impossible for me to do justice to the wit of Mr. Paine. The charge which he has so often repeated against Mr. Burke's book, cannot be made against his production. You find here nothing of the "spouting rank of high-toned exclamation!" You do not even find the delicate sallies of elegant comedy. His own words must be quoted: "The French constitution says, that to preserve the National representation from being corrupt, no member of the National Assembly shall be an officer of the government, a placeman or pensioner—What will Mr. Burke place against this? I will whisper his answer; Loaves and Fishes ." And then he proceeds to show, that the answer which he whispers for Mr. Burke is very ridiculous. There is, it must be acknowledged, something in this mode of managing an argument; but it is rather unfortunate that Mr. Paine should complain as an abuse of the English government, that it is "themselves accountable to themselves," so near to a passage which is most assuredly himself undertaking to answer himself. Every person will acknowledge that this answer of Loaves and Fishes , is very absurd; it is even too absurd for Mr. Burke in his original character; and the only circumstance that renders it perfectly accountable is, that it comes from Mr. Burke by his representative, who certainly never had from him any authority to misrepresent him so palpably.
Mr. Paine has seldom thought proper to answer even the few arguments contained in the book which is so obnoxious to him: Easy as it might have been to refute his own. He has hunted for epigrams where he ought to have sought arguments: In the pursuit of those epigrams, he has been sometimes not unsuccessful in exposing the absurdity of his own reasoning, but a less passionate or more generous polemick, would not have chosen to place his own inconsistencies to the account of his antagonist.

ed, all the Representatives standing, and holding up their hands towards heaven, shall pronounce in the name of the people of France, the oath, To live Free or die.
Each Deputy shall then individually take the oath to the nation in the presence of the Assembly, to maintain to the utmost of his power the Constitution of the kingdom, decreed by the National Assembly during the years 1789, 1790, and 1791, and accepted by King Louis XVI. to neither propose nor approve any thing in the course of the legislature, which may be contrary to the spirit of it, and to be in every thing faithful to the Nation, the Law, and the King.—The oath shall be pronounced by the President, and each Representative appearing at the Tribune, shall say, "I swear it."
The question, whether the king should or should not be empowered to dissolve the Legislature, was then taken into consideration.
M. Thouret moved, that the King shall not be empowered to dissolve the Legislative bodies.
M. de Foucauld proposed as an amendment, that the word not should be left out; which alteration, after some warm debate, was adopted.
May 24. The affair of Avignon was again brought on the tapis, and, as before, it occasioned a very noisy debate. The re-union of this country to France was again rejected.
L O N D O N, May 6.
Lord Grenville received the seals of office, as principal Secretary of State for the Foreign Department, on Sunday last; notice of which has been sent to all the Foreign Ministers; and in consequence, his first levee was held at the Secretary of State's office, Whitehall, when there was a full meeting of Foreign Ministers.
Another group of foreigners of distinction are just arrived in London, in consequence of fresh disturbances at Paris.
On the 28th ult. the Senate of the University of Glasgow conferred the honorary degree of Doctor in Laws on W. Wilberforce, Esq. Member of Parliament for Yorkshire, as a mark of the esteem which that University entertains of his character and abilities, and in particular of their high approbation of his exertions for the abolition of the African Slave Trade.
M. de Combs, Secretary to M. de Mirabeau, has developed the cause of his laying violent hands on himself, being occasioned, as he affirms, by his excessive grief at the loss of his benefactor. His honor, integrity, and attachment to his patron, have been loudly praised by several of M. de Mirabeau's friends.
The letter from the French King to his Ambassadors at Foreign Courts, is written with a frankness, a nobleness, and an energy, that does credit to the sincerity of the Monarch. His Majesty declares that he will cherish, love, and defend the constitution; he recognises the sovereignty of the People; he acknowledges that he derives his powers from them; he thinks it honorable to be the first Magistrate in the State; in fine he speaks like the King of a Free People.
The President of the National Assembly was frequently interrupted while reading this letter, by repeated acclamations of Vive le Roi! which resounded from the patriotic side of the hall, while the aristocratical party, overwhelmed with shame and confusion, remained in silence.
The accounts from Paris of the latest date describe the conduct of the fish-women as uncommonly licentious, particularly towards the religious orders of female devotees; this is supposed to have arisen from the objection taken to those priests who confess the King without taking the oath to the constitution.
A general alarm has arisen amongst the country innkeepers, in consequence of Sir Harry Featherstonehaugh's new travelling carriage, which is so contrived as to answer the purpose not only of a bed chamber, but an eating room, and in the seats are cupboards ingeniously contrived to contain provisions and wine.
The Empress has a Scotch physician, who reads regularly the chief London papers to her; particularly the debates in Parliament. She has in the apartment where these are read, paintings or engravings of our most celebrated speakers—and knows the politics of the country as well as our Senators.
Preparations are making at Portsmouth for the reception of the Royal Family; the whole of whom, we understand, intend being present at the review of the fleet on the 8th day of June next, at Spithead.
May 26. It was the opinion universally received at Vienna, that the Russians will reach Constantinople before the end of summer.
Mr. Whitebread, who has for many years offered a present of ten thousand pounds to any person purchasing his brewery at a fair estimation, has at length found customers for it. A company of persons have bought it, at the price of four hundred and fifty thousand pounds.
The French East-Indiaman, named the Constitution, lately arrived at L'Orient, brings advice, that the Spaniards, availing themselves of the
dereliction or interruption of the Fur Trade from Nootka Sound, on the part of the English, had industriously collected furs, and transported them to China; where they were bought with such avidity, that the nett profits of the adventure are calculated at 100,000. sterling. His Catholic Majesty, apprised of the benefits that would arise from this trade, had taken it into his own hands, and declared that the commerce from Nootka and its environs should thenceforth be carried on by Government only.
Last Thursday, John Gill, aged 65, and Richard Gill, aged 25, were found suffocated in a Lime Kiln near Halbanton, Devon. The father went down to open a vent in the kiln, and finding himself faint by the stench of the culm, called to his son for help, who immediately went to preserve his father, and was suffocated with him; both were found dead on each other. The son has left a widow with three children, and pregnant with a fourth. They both bore the character of honest men.
Letters have been received in town from Botany Bay, which contain the most favorable accounts from that infant colony.
The natives, by kind treatment, had been rendered perfectly docile, and had in a great degree been incorporated with the Colony.
May 31. It is confidently said, that unless the prayer of Mr. Hastings's petition to the Lords should be granted, he will on Thursday plead guilty to the charges against him, and pray their Lordship's judgment thereon, after being heard in mitigation of the same.
An American fleet arrived at Cadiz the 5th of this month, and sorry we are to see that the States enjoy more satisfaction from their commerce with any other country than Great-Britain.
The King of the French has been graciously pleased to liberate thirteen women who had been condemned to perpetual imprisonment in La Salpetriere, one of whom had been there 54 years.
Mr. Hope, jun. of Amsterdam, the head of the first mercantile firm in Europe, is at present in Dublin. He purports to make the tour of Ireland, and the Lake of Killarney will engage his particular attention.
There now is, or was a very few years since, in the Workhouse of Rotherhithe, an old watchman, whose employment, from the time he was thirty-eight years of age, until he was ninety-six, was to cry the hour. In his ninety-seventh year his limbs refused their office, he grew rheumatic, and being unable to do his nocturnal duty, was taken into the Workhouse, where he had a little room and a bed allotted to his separate use. His early habits adhered to him: he could not sleep much in the night, nor could he walk at all, but he slept all day, and in general waked about nine o'clock. Though his legs had failed him, his voice had not, and at ten he invariably cried the hour, at eleven he cried the hour, and at twelve, &c. &c. &c. he cried the hour, adding, sometimes a star light, sometimes a cloudy, and sometimes a rainy morning. This was at first irksome to the other inmates, but in time they got habituated to the sounds, and slept through all the old fellow's noise in the night, as he slept amidst all their disturbances in the day.
Extract of a letter from Paris, May 5.
"In the late debate in the National Assembly, whether, or not, Avignon and the Comtat-Venaissin should be considered as parts of the French empire? M. de Clermont-Tonnerre, well known as being the leader of the Monarchical Club, argued strongly in opposition to those who wished that the National Assembly should declare Avignon and the Comtat Venaissin provinces of France: THE MOB were of a contrary opinion, it was their supreme will that France should add that department to her possessions " per fas et nefas ."
"On Thursday, as he came out of the Assembly, some of the mob, who constantly surround the gates, accosted him with abuse, which he was weak enough to return. He was suffered to reach his house, but had not been there above half an hour before his gates were forced, and he dragged out with the cry of a la lanterne . In a few minutes a halter was placed around his neck, and he would have been instantly hanged if Madame de la Tonnerre had not thrown herself round him, intreating permission to take a last farewel of her husband."
"Some of the mob were affected by her tears, and while the execution of their purpose, was thus, for a few minutes, interrupted, M. de la Fayette arrived with the National Guard, the populace fled, and M. de Tonnerre was restored in safety to his family."
"M. de Fleurieu, the Naval Minister, resigned last Tuesday."
"There is also a talk of the resignation of M. de Montmorin, Secretary for Foreign Affairs."
June 1. Yesterday, in the Court of Common Pleas, on an action of damages, Nott against Thomas Worboys, of Bell's Buildings, Salisbury square, for pushing the plaintiff out of his house, and thereby breaking his leg, the jury gave a verdict of one hundred pounds.
IN the sitting of the 5th May, the new form of Constitution was again proposed. The members present signed it unanimously, and they formally passed, sentence by sentence, the twelve Articles of which it is composed, and which are as follows:
1. The Catholic Religion shall be the governing religion of the States, and the King shall profess it. But all other forms of worship shall be admitted, and a general toleration, civil and religious, shall be a fundamental law of the kingdom.
2. The ancient privileges and rights of the Noblesse are approved and confirmed.
3. At the same time, all the rights and privileges of the people asserted, renewed or granted to them during the present Diet, are equally ratified and confirmed.
4. All strangers who arrive and settle in Poland, shall enjoy full and entire liberty.
5. The peasantry are taken under the protection of the laws and of government. They are relieved from all arbitrary impositions, and do not depend, henceforth, in what regards their rights and labours, only on the contracts which they shall make with their Seigniors. All foreign labourers are free to enter and settle in Poland, or to depart, fulfilling only the obligations of the contracts they may have made with the proprietors of the soil.
6. The government of Poland shall be composed of three branches, or distinct parts—the legislative power, the executive power, and the judicial power.
7. The legislative power belongs exclusively to the states assembled in Diet, and composed of two connected chambers, viz. the senate, and the chamber of nuncios.
8. The King shall exercise the executive power with his council. This council shall be composed of the primate and five ministers, who shall each have a department. No order of the King can be put in execution unless it is signed by the ministers, whose lives and fortunes shall be responsible to each Diet for the orders they shall sign. As soon as two-thirds of the Diet shall demand the change of ministers, the King shall be bound to dismiss them, and to name others in their place.
9. The election of King shall never fall hereafter on an individual. A whole family shall be elected when the Royal Family shall be extinct. Thus after the decease of the reigning King (for whose long life the estates and the nation make the most fervent prayer) the reigning elector of Saxony, and his male descendants after him, shall succeed to the throne of Poland. If he shall have no male issue, Mary Augusta Nepomucene, his only daughter, now declared infant of Poland, shall be Queen, and her husband, whom the King and the states assembled shall choose for her, shall wear the crown and form the stock, from which shall spring a new royal dynasty of Poland.
10. In case of the minority of the King, his tutelage with the administration of the government shall be in the hands of the Queen-mother, and of the council, who shall be responsible for their conduct to every Diet.
11. The education of the King's children shall in like manner be confided to the council.
The judicial power shall be fixed for each palatinate, territory, and district. The judges shall be elected at the Diets.
MR. FOX AND MR. BURKE.
WE know not which to admire most: The manly manner in which Mr. Fox solicited the continuance of Mr. Burke's friendship, or the unshaken steadiness which accompanied the latter gentleman's noble defence of his principles. In the one, the feelings of the heart, for a moment quelled the stubbornness of an opinion founded on the conviction of a ripened and enlarged mind. In the other, every private attachment, and every friendship that can be dear to man, were sacrificed with Roman firmness to support the Constitution of his country. Each thought himself in the right, and each conceived that he was arguing for the Public Good. Mr. Fox has long been known to profess a strong affection for more of the republican system in our Government than Mr. Burke would ever bring his judgment to approve. The former conceives that there is a natural right in man to be FREE; the latter thinks that such freedom would be subversive of all the blessings which we at present enjoy. Mr. Fox would narrow the limits of monarchy, and extend the liberty of the people. Mr. Burke would neither abridge the one nor enlarge the other. On these topics they have often differed in private; but as there was no event to prove who was right, the argument never rose to any thing more than the convivial dissertations of the table. But the French Revolution had no sooner happened, than each seized upon it as a strong testimony to prove the justice of his own opinion. Mr. Fox conceiving it to be a circumstance which must give the most glorious blessings to France; Mr. Burke asserting that it was the most disgraceful and destructive event that could ever happen to an empire. It was now no longer a discourse on a speculative point; the die was cast, and each found his credit at stake to maintain his argument. The circle of private friendship became too narrow for exercising the talents of these great men. Their minds, big with the importance of the cause, burst forth in the Senate, and as eloquence met eloquence so animosity encountered animosity, until the spirit of politics subdued the tenderness of a long acquaintance, and friendship took her departure in tears. Those who heard and saw the obstinacy with which the dispute was maintained, lamented that two men of such abilities should differ in public sentiment on one of the most important points which relate to the happiness and welfare of this country. But still we are not without hopes that, even wide as the difference is at present, yet as both gentlemen have no view but the general benefit of the empire, the one will relax from his too strong ideas of republicanism, and embracing the general tenets of the other, form a junction of talents that may continue as long as each lives to be an ornament to public and private society. This we wish for the benefit of the Constitution, and for the real welfare of the people.

CHRISTIAN KNOWLEDGE SOCIETY.
Thursday, there was a very numerous and respectable meeting of the Society for Propagating Christian Knowledge. Sir William Forbes, of Pitlargo, Bart. in the Chair. This extraordinary meeting was called to announce the very great and princely donation of Ten Thousand Pounds in the 5 per cent Annuities. The history of the correspondence, which, for several months, has been carrying on upon that interesting business was stated at length, from which it appeared, that their benefactor, with a delicacy of mind, not less singular than the extent of his beneficence, had taken the most effectual measures to prevent the discovery of his name, and seemed particularly anxious to remain concealed. The members agreed that however much their own gratitude might prompt them to the measure, they were so far bound in duty, to consult the feelings of their unknown benefactor, as to avoid publishing an acknowledgment of his bounty in the newspapers—but resolved, that a narrative of the circumstances attending this great event, so far as they should find themselves at liberty at the time, shall be laid before the public, in the appendix to the next anniversary sermon to be preached before the society, and printed as usual. In the mean time, it was proposed, and as heartily as unanimously agreed to, that two gentlemen, the friends of the donor, who have been hitherto instrumental in carrying into execution this great and good work, the one, the trustee to whom the sum is conveyed for the benefit of the Society, the other a clergyman, by whom the necessary correspondence was carried on, and both men of respectable characters, should, without waiting for usual forms, be immediately admitted members of the Society; and that the Earl of Leven, the President, be requested to send along with diplomas of their admission, letters to each of these gentlemen, expressive of the grateful sentiments of the Society upon this occasion.
BOSTON, July 13.
FROM A CORRESPONDENT.
The papers of late have teemed with abuse of the VICE PRESIDENT. He is considered the author of "Publicola"—though I do not suppose he is; but if that was the case, the sentiments I conceive are purely republican; and such as would do honor to any man whatever. As might have been expected, there are many replies, but few or no answers. It would be an abominable thing in the view of some men, should the people more fully know the truth of the case, which is, that the VICE PRESIDENT of the United States is one of the most perfect and consistent REPUBLICANS in America, and this is so abundantly apparent from his works, that I do not believe they were ever read by any person with candor and attention, who was not convinced of the fact.
Hence the replies to Publicola , which go on the above supposition, instead of attempting to answer the nervous reasonings they contain, catch at flaws, or abound in ribaldry and abuse. Any man who presumes to think for himself, will have his opinions controverted—and I trust a free press will forever exist in America. No man has made a better use of one than Mr. Adams—and I believe there is not a greater friend to free discussion than he is.—Happy for his present peace of mind, and future fame, though misrepresentation may cloud the public eye for a time in respect to his principles (for it is too much the case that people will not read for themselves) yet the utmost efforts of envy or malice cannot reach his character. His honor and integrity are unimpeachable—and as to his ABILITIES they cannot be steadily contemplated by one of his opponents—their optics are not competent to the exertion.
The attack from a Western Paper is absolutely a compliment to the republican character of the VICE PRESIDENT. The quotations from his works were selected by the eye of prejudice, as the most exceptionable—those very quotations trace every thing in government from the people.—And as to the charges, they are unsupported by any quotation or reference whatever, neither are they deductions from any previous remarks that had been made.
It would be an Herculean task to attempt to refute his system.—I hardly expect that it will ever be undertaken.—The experience of mankind for thousands of years, without an exception, must exhibit a basis that cannot be overthrown; and every man of modesty, however great his abilities, will pause before he attempts to refute the republican principles laid down in the Defence of the American Constitutions .
BRAINTREE, July 7, 1791.
Monday last being the fifteenth anniversary of American Independence, the same was celebrated in this town with every mark of joy and festivity. At sun-rise a flag was hoisted on Federal-Hill,* and a discharge of cannon immediately followed—at 11 o'clock a troop of horse under Captain Thayer, together with a company of infantry, paraded on the hill, and went through their military manoeuvres and firings to the great satisfaction of a numerous company of spectators.
At 2 o'clock the Vice-President of the United States, General Thayer, the officers of the 6th regiment, and a large company of other respectable gentlemen, to the number of 150, partook of an elegant dinner under a convenient arbor prepared for the occasion.
After dinner, the following patriotic toasts were given, accompanied by the discharge of cannon, viz.
 1st. The President of the United States—(immediately after which three cheers were given, and an Ode sung, composed for the purpose by Mr. John Lathrop of Bolton.)  2d. The Vice-President, and Congress of the United States—(three cheers.)  3d. The Governor and Commonwealth of Massachusetts—(three cheers.)  4th. The Day—May the consequences of our Independence be Light, Liberty, and Happiness to the whole world.  5th. All Mankind—May every branch of the great Family participate in the blessings of Freedom and Peace which America enjoys.  6th. The King of Frenchmen, and the National Assembly—May the revolution of France cause a political fire, whose effulgence shall irradiate the nations which are now wrapt in the gloom of slavery; and whose heat shall dissolve the chains with which the victims of tyranny are bound.  7th. The Officers of the late American Army.  8th. The Officers of the first division of Massachusetts Militia. 
* A hill laying on the river, near Weymouth, which affords a beautiful prospect of the harbour, and adjacent towns.
 9th. The American Fair—May they ever find that comfort and protection from Man, which Virtue, Innocence and Beauty demand.—(three cheers)  10th. May Wisdom make our laws, and impartial Justice execute them.  11th. Paine, and the Rights of Man.—(three cheers)  12th. May the Farmer, the Merchant, and the Mechanic, have Honor and Wealth, as the rewards of their Industry.  13th. The Memory of those Patriot Heroes who fell in the Cause of their Country.  14th. May we never forget those whose exertions procured the Independence of America; and may we never abuse our Liberty to licentiousness. 
The Vice-President then arose, and gave the following toast— May every Citizen be a Soldier, and every Soldier a Citizen.—(three cheers)
After which the company retired, each one highly gratified with the performance of the day, which was conducted with great propriety, and without the occurrence of any accident that might allay the joy so conspicuous in every countenance.
GEORGE TOWN, July 16. Extract of a letter from a gentleman in Philadelphia, to his friend in this town, dated July 10.
"Included you will receive Mr. Adams's Letters on the American Revolution . His writings of the date of these letters and prior to them, breathe different sentiments from those that now flow from the pen of Publicola —and it is unfortunate to his cause that they rise up in judgment against him. It is truly astonishing that the man who thundered forth the inspiration of liberty, and stamped his country with independence in the year 1776, should have so far forgotten himself, or the principles of her divine oracles, as to espouse the detestable cause of hereditary aristocracy—and to employ those talents and time, that should be devoted to his country, in supporting the principles of a government that affects to hold ours in the utmost contempt."
NEW-YORK, July 22.
If the esteem and respect of the people, for those men, whose talents and abilities are uniformly devoted to the service of their country, and who have proved eminently useful to the public, ought ever to be manifested, every man would think them deservedly bestowed on the Secretary of the Treasury of the United States. A just sense of his merit, and of the benefits which the agriculture, commerce and manufactures of this country, have derived from his labours, impelled the Corporation of the Chamber of Commerce , of this city, to give an entertainment on Wednesday last, at the City Tavern, to that worthy Statesman, at which the following toasts were given:
 1st. The United States.  2d. The President.  3d. The Vice-President and Senate of the United States.  4th. The Governor and State of New-York.  5th. The Judiciary of the United States.  6th. All foreign powers in friendship with the United States.  7th. May America be grateful to those who have distinguished themselves in forming the present government.  8th. May the Merchants of America ever be foremost in support of the laws of their country.  9th. May the Treasury of the United States always be adequate to the exigencies of the nation.  10th. May Agriculture and Manufactures increase, and open new sources of Commerce.  11th. May a flourishing Commerce amply compensate the Husbandman and Manufacturers' toil.  12th. The Arts and Sciences—may they continue to be improved and cultivated.  13th. The rising generation—may they be virtuous and happy.  14th. Oblivion to all local prejudices.  15th. Peace and Freedom to all the world. 
FROM AN ENGLISH PAPER.
The following VERSES were ordered by the late Mrs. TURNER, of Woolwich, to be laid upon her Husband's writing desk a few days before her death, and may prove acceptable to the admirers of that Lady's compositions:—
A HYMN.
THROUGH all the various shifting scene, Of life's mistaken ill or good: Thy hand, O God! conducts unseen, The beautiful vicissitude; He portions with paternal care, Howe'er unjustly we complain; To each their necessary share, Of joy and sorrow—health or pain. Trust we to youth, or friends, or pow'r, Fix we our feet on Fortune's ball; When most secure, the coming hour, If He sees fit, may blast them all. When lowest sunk with grief or shame, Gorg'd with affliction's bitter cup; Lost to relations, friends, and fame, His pow'rful hand can raise thee up. His mighty consolations cheer, His smiles erect th' afflicted head: His hand can wipe away the tear That secret wets the widow'd bed.
Philadelphia, July 27.
On Friday last the ship Commerce , Capt. Jones, arrived here in 45 days from Exeter, England.—Accounts by this vessel are to the first June.—They inform, That the Turks have gained an advantage over the Russians, the Grand Vizir having obliged them to raise the siege of Zackanali, with the loss of 700 men, and 36 officers killed, besides many prisoners, and 19 pieces of cannon taken, with all the vessels which the Russians had assembled at the place.—On the 25th May the trial of Mr. Hastings recommenced in the House of Lords.—Accounts are received of the arrival at Botany Bay of the transports with a great number of convicts.—The press continues with unabated vigor; the bounty to seamen extended to the 30th June.—The National Assembly have resolved, that the members of one legislature may be elected in a subsequent one, but not without an interval of two years—which will induce the necessity of an entire change at every general election.—The Lord Bishop of Durham, brother to the Chancellor Lord Thurlow, died the 25th May, after a long and severe illness.—A messenger from Petersburg has
brought dispatches to the Russian Ambassador in London,—they state, that the Empress will not deviate from the plan she has proposed to the Turks for making peace; she is preparing for making a resolute defence, in case she should be attacked by a British fleet.—Hopes are however entertained of a peace, as it is said the Turks are now willing to accede to the terms offered by the Empress, viz. That Oczakow and its dependencies should be ceded to Russia.—From these, and other circumstances, it is generally supposed that the present British armaments will not be brought into action.—The English nation appears averse from a war with Russia, and the administration will not precipitately act counter to the general sense of the people.—The English fleet is about three-fourths manned, and consists of 35 sail of the line, besides smaller ships.—The late surprizing revolution in Poland, is a triumph of reason and benevolence over civil and religious prejudices—these prejudices were abandoned as in a moment—and the tiers etat admitted without distinction of birth or religion to a participation of the legislative and executive powers of government—and declared, eligible to any office civil, military or ecclesiastical.—Mr. Pitt was thirty-two years old on the 28th of May last, seven of which he has been Prime Minister of Great-Britain, and twelve he has been member of Parliament!—Great commotions exist in Constantinople; the people are clamorous for peace; the Sultan persists in continuing the war. Several fires have taken place, by one of which an entire quarter of the city was consumed—the loss is estimated at twenty-five millions of piastres.—Negotiations are carrying on in all the Northern kingdoms, the designs of which appear to be much confused.—Religious liberality begins to appear even in Spain—the English papers mention in handsome terms an instance of this liberality at Alicante, on the death of a Mrs. Fall, who was buried according to the rites of the Protestant church, and in the Protestant burying ground.—Some intimation is given of a design to celebrate the anniversary of the French Revolution in London.
COMMUNICATIONS.
Ten cities, it is said, contended for the honor of having been the birth place of Homer; but this contention, at the distance of more than twenty centuries, is found to have been about a nonentity. A modern French critic has discovered that no such person as Homer ever existed!—What illusions are played off upon the feelings of mankind—how has their sympathy been abused by reading such strains as the following:
"Can all the wreaths that crown'd his head, Compensate now to HOMER dead, The living HOMER's want of bread?"
Another modern discovery is, that Dean Swift did not write the Tale of a Tub . We are not informed as to the circumstances which led to this discovery, but one obvious remark is obtruded on the mind, not very favorable to the reputation of the Dean, supposing the discovery to be well founded, and that is, the imposition which he put on mankind while living, and, owing to his incorrigible dishonesty, has been continued ever since his decease. Several petty robberies have been committed on the Fame of Shakespeare; and we may expect every day to hear that Milton was not the author of Paradise Lost .
But the assurance of some wonderfully sagacious modern politicians in their modern discoveries, exceeds all former examples. The patriots of America, whose wisdom and valor is emancipating the old world as it has already the new, have in a recent party publication been stripped of their laurels and their honors decreed them by a grateful country. Their triumphs in the field, and that constitution which was the result of their combined wisdom, "were the productions of characters which will never enjoy the historical fame thereof." A most modest attempt truly to depreciate in the eyes of their countrymen, the patriots of America. If this is not Toryism, it is something that bears a strong resemblance to it.
A Return of the CONSULS and VICE-CONSULS of the UNITED STATES of AMERICA.
  Joseph Fenwick, Consul, Bordeaux.   Burrell Carnes, Consul, Nantes.   Nathaniel Barrett, Consul, Rouen.   Sylvanus Bourne, Consul, Hispagniola.   Fulwar Skipwith, Consul, Martinique.   The Sieur Etienne Ca- thalan, the younger, Vice-Consul, Marseilles.   The Sieur de la Motte, Vice-Consul, Havre de Grace.   Joshua Johnson, Consul, London.   James Maury, Consul, Liverpool.   Thomas Auldjo, Vice-Consul, Poole.   William Knox, Consul, Dublin.   Edward Church, Consul, Bilboa.   John Marsden Pintard, Consul, Madeira.   Ebenezer Brugh, Consul, Surinam.   James Yard, Consul, St. Croix. 
The jurisdictions of these Consuls and Vice-Consuls extend to all places within the same allegiance, which are nearer to them than to the residence of any other Consul or Vice-Consul.
Resident at Cowes.
Monday evening arrived in this city from New-York, ALEXANDER HAMILTON, Esq. Secretary of the Treasury of the United States.
Yesterday dispatches were received at the War-Office of the United States from General Scott, containing an account of the success of his late expedition against the Indians.—Particulars we expect to publish in our next.
From PELOSI'S MARINE LIST.
  ARRIVALS at the PORT of PHILADELPHIA.   Brig Sufannah, Towers, Tobago.   Sally, Wharton, St. Eustatius.   Sloop Wilmington Packet, Wyath, St. Thomas. 
PRICE CURRENT.—PUBLIC SECURITIES.
  FUNDED DEBT.   6 pr. Cents 19 3/4 19 3/4 pr. £. 97 1/2 pr. cent.   3 pr. Cents 11 9 11 9 60 do.   Deferred 6 pr. Cents 11 9 58 3/4 do.   UNFUNDED DEBT.   Final Sett. and other Certificates 18 3/4 92 1/2 do.   Indents 11 9 58 3/4 do.   N. and S. Carolina debts, 14 3/4 15 3/4.   Bank Subscriptions, 50 Dollars. 

PINTARD and BLEECKER, PURCHASE and SELL all kinds of Certificates & Public Securities, On COMMISSION, at public and private sale, on the following terms:
ON the specie amount of all sales or purchases at auction, one eighth per cent. On ditto of all sales or purchases at private sale, on all sums below 5000 nominal dollars, one-half per cent.; and on all sums above 5000 nominal dollars, one-fourth per cent. For receiving interest at the Loan-Office, one per cent. For making transfers at ditto, one dollar each transfer.
Such persons throughout the United States, as may be pleased to favor the subscribers with their orders, may rely on their being executed with punctuality, fidelity and dispatch, as considerable experience in the public stocks, together with extensive connections in the city of New-York and different parts of the continent, enable them to conduct their operations with peculiar advantages. PINTARD & BLEECKER, New-York, No. 57, King-Street. (97 law 6m)
March 15, 1791.
Public Notice is hereby given,
to all whom these presents shall come, or in any wise concern, That JAMES GARDNER, late of Wilmington, North-Carolina, deceased, did make four promissory notes payable to SAMUEL JACKSON, of Philadelphia, Merchant, all bearing date the 19th July, 1785, one for three hundred and seventy-one pounds, payable in six months—one for seven hundred and forty two pounds, in nine months—one for seven hundred and forty pounds, in twelve months—and one for seven hundred and forty-five pounds thirteen shillings and three-pence, in fifteen months, amounting in the whole to two thousand five hundred and ninety-eight pounds thirteen shillings and three-pence, and payable in produce at Wilmington:—Which said notes have been assigned by the said Samuel Jackson to THOMAS MACKIE and Co. and JAMES HOOD, Merchants, Philadelphia, and have since, in the life-time of the said Gardner, by him been accounted for and paid in part to the amount of two thousand and forty-seven pounds fifteen shillings and six-pence, to the said THOMAS MACKIE, and Co. in proof of which the subscribers have sufficient vouchers.
These are therefore to caution all persons from purchasing said notes as they will not be taken up.
THOMAS WRIGHT, ROBERT SCOTT, M. R. WILLKINGS, Executors.
Wilmington, North-Carolina, 27th May, 1791. (e p. 3 m.)
TAKE NOTICE.
THE MANAGERS of the NEWARK BRIDGE LOTTERY will begin paying the Prizes drawn in the First Class on Monday the 11th of July, by which time the Tickets in the Second Class will be ready to deliver to applicants agreeable to the scheme.—To accommodate holders of Tickets undrawn in the First Class, the same numbers in the Second Class will be lodged, if convenient, in the same places where the first were sold, as soon as possible, and if not, such holders must apply to the Manager who signed their Tickets. Such persons will please to take notice, that application for renewal in the Second Class must be made before the 11th of August next.
JOHN N. CUMMING, JESSE BALDWIN, JOHN D. ALVEY, Managers. of New-Brunswick.
Newark, June 27, 1791. (law 1m)
New-Haven Wharf Lottery.
THE Legislature of the State of Connecticut, at their session in December last, granted a Lottery for the purpose of extending Union Wharf, in the harbour of New-Haven, to the channel; and appointed the subscribers managers, who having given bond for the faithful discharge of their trust, present the public with the following
S C H E M E.
Table with 3 columns: Prize of, 10,000 Dollars, is, 10,000. It lists various prize amounts and their corresponding values.
5842 Prizes. 11658 Blanks. 17500 Tickets, at Five Dollars each, is 87500. NOT TWO BLANKS TO A PRIZE.
Subject to a deduction of twelve and a half per cent. The public utility of extending this wharf, is too evident to require any comment, to those who are acquainted with the town and harbour of New-Haven; to those who are not, suffice it to say, that its beautiful situation is not surpassed, if equalled by any; being in the heart of a country, which may, with propriety, be said to be the garden of America. The harbour lays open to the sound but by reason of the flats, this wharf is necessarily extended to the channel, where ships can load and unload; and when compleated, will be the most extensive and commodious wharf in America, the whole extent being about 3-4ths of a mile; and not only the mercantile interest of New-Haven and the towns adjacent, but the maritime interest of all the States will be benefited by it. The general wish that prevails in the minds of all classes of people, for the success of this enterprise, together with the very great advantage which this scheme holds out to adventurers (there being more capital prizes for the number of tickets than any yet published in America) induce the managers to believe the tickets will meet with a speedy sale.
The drawing will positively commence at the State-House, in New-Haven, on the 13th of September next, or sooner, if the tickets are sold.
A list of the fortunate numbers will be published, and the prizes paid on demand, by the managers. Those prizes not called for in nine months after drawing, will be deemed as generously given for the use of the wharf, and appropriated accordingly.
MANAGERS:
JAMES RICE, MICHAEL TODD, JEREMIAH ATWATER, ELIJAH AUSTIN, JOSEPH DRAKE, JOSEPH HOWELL.
New-Haven, April 14, 1791.
TICKETS in the above Lottery may be had at the Compting-house of Messrs. STEPHEN AUSTIN, and Co. corner of Front and Pine-Streets.
Who will pay the prizes which may be drawn by Tickets purchased of them in said Lottery.
Tickets in the Massachusetts Lottery that have drawn prizes, will be received in payment for the above tickets.
PHILADELPHIA, 20th July, 1791. THE Commissioners appointed to receive Subscriptions to the Bank of the United States, do hereby, agreeable to law, inform the Stockholders of the said Bank, that an election for twenty-four Directors will be held at the City-Hall in Philadelphia, on Friday the 21st day of October next, at 10 o'clock in the morning.
THOMAS WILLING, DAVID RITTENHOUSE, SAMUEL HOWELL.
ADVERTISEMENT.
LUKE RAUSS, who left Germany in 1749, and came to America, if he be still living, may hear of something to his advantage, by applying at the office of the Secretary of State, in Philadelphia.
July 20, 1791.
(31.)
HAVING obtained Patents for several Improvements on Clocks and Watches, begs leave to inform his friends and the public, that he is now ready to execute any work on the said constructions; which may be either applied to clocks and watches already made, or to new ones, and on trial, have been found superior to any heretofore brought into common use. He has so simplified the repeating part of a watch, as to enable him to make it at two-thirds of the common price, which will not only be an advantage in the first purchase, but ever after, as it can be cleaned, when necessary, for two-thirds less than the present price. He has also simplified the striking part of clocks, which enables him to reduce the price one-fourth; and repairs, at the lowest prices, horizontal, repeating, plain, and other watches, and musical, chiming, and plain clocks, with punctuality and dispatch, and warrants all the work done in his shop.
An assortment of Clock and Watch-makers Tools and MATERIALS for sale, on reasonable terms.
Two JOURNEYMEN, and an APPRENTICE, are wanted.
Charlestown (Mass.) Lottery.
CLASS XXII.
THE MANAGERS of said LOTTERY present to the Public the following
S C H E M E
Of the TWENTY-SECOND CLASS, Consisting of 7000 Tickets, at THREE DOLLARS each, 21,000 Dollars.
Table with 3 columns: Prize of, 2500 Dolls. is, 2500. It lists various prize amounts and their corresponding values.
2335 Prizes, 4665 Blanks, Deduction, 17872 3:28
7000 Tickets, Amount, 21000. This Class will commence drawing on or before the 1st of September.
TICKETS may be had of the several Managers in Charlestown, and at the usual places in Boston.
THOMAS HARRIS, MATTHEW BRIDGE, SAMUEL SOLEY, Managers.
Charleston, May 25, 1791.
HAZARD and ADDOMS,
No. 173, Market-Street, HAVE TICKETS in the above, and in the Massachusetts Second SEMI-ANNUAL LOTTERY, for Sale.
MASSACHUSETTS SEMI-ANNUAL LOTTERY. CLASS II.
THE MANAGERS of the STATE-LOTTERY assure the Public, that the second Class of the SEMI-ANNUAL LOTTERY will positively commence drawing on the day appointed, viz. On Thursday the 13th of October next, or sooner, if the Tickets shall be disposed of. As the Managers have in their several monthly Lotteries commenced drawing at the hour assigned, so they are determined to be equally as punctual in this.
S C H E M E.
NOT TWO BLANKS TO A PRIZE.
25,000 TICKETS, at Five Dollars each, are 125,000 Dollars, to be paid in the following Prizes, subject to a deduction of twelve and an half per cent. for the use of the Commonwealth.
Table with 3 columns: PRIZES, DOLLARS, DOLLARS. It lists various prize amounts and their corresponding values.
8388 Prizes. 16612 Blanks. 125000
25000 Tickets.
TICKETS in the above Class may be had of the several MANAGERS, who will pay the prizes on demand; of the TREASURER of the Commonwealth; of JAMES WHITE, at his Book-store, Franklin's Head, Court-street—and at other places, as usual.
BENJAMIN AUSTIN, jun. DAVID COBB, SAMUEL COOPER, GEORGE R. MINOT, JOHN KNEELAND, Managers.
Boston, April 14, 1791.
PRICE CURRENT.—PHILADELPHIA. PER QUANTITY.
Large table listing market prices for various goods including Anchors, Alum, Arrows, Brandy, Braziletto, Bricks, Bread, Beer, Boards, Beef, Butter, Cedar, Chocolate, Coal, Coffee, Cinnamon, Cheesecake, Candles, Cotton, Currants, Cloves, Copperas, Cordage, Cocoa, Duck, Ravens, Flour, Flax, Fustic, Feathers, Flaxseed, Glue, Ginger, Hops, Gunpowder, Hemp, Hoghead hoops, Herring, Hides, Indigo, Irons, Junk, Lard, Lead, Leather, Lignum vitae, Logwood, Meal, Mackerel, Mace, Mustard, Malt, Molasses, Marble, Mahogany, Nails, Oil, Oak timber, Porter.
PUBLIC SECURITIES,
BOUGHT and SOLD, on COMMISSION, by SAMUEL ANDERSON, Chestnut-Street, next door to the Bank, No. 97. MASSACHUSETTS SEMI-ANNUAL, AND NEW-HAVEN LOTTERY TICKETS, To be had at the same place.