National gazette. (Philadelphia [Pa.]), 1792-12-15 00:00:00

National Gazette.
By P. FRENEAU: Published WEDNESDAYS and SATURDAYS, at THREE DOLLARS per annum.
[NUMB. 14 of VOL. II.]
S A T U R D A Y,
December 15, 1792.
[Total No. 118.]
For the NATIONAL GAZETTE.
MR. FRENEAU, Believing the following facts to be worthy of general record, in all the news papers and almanacks, through which much useful knowledge is imparted, it is requested they may be duly noticed for that purpose in your paper.
THE great Frederick II of Prussia, who was an excellent farmer, observing experience had demonstrated that a mortality among the cattle was more frequent in Brandenburg than in Silesia, made enquiry into the causes thereof. Two reasons were discovered which occasioned this difference. The first, that in Brandenburg, no use was made of salt, as was the custom to do, abundantly, in Silesia: And the second, that the inhabitants of Brandenburg, did not graze feed their cattle, under cover, as those of Silesia did, from long experience of the advantages thereof; but suffered them to graze in the fields, in seasons, when sometimes the mill dew had poisoned the herbage. After the Silesian mode of feeding and salting cattle had been introduced in Brandenburg, the mortality visibly became less frequent, and the land owners did not labour under so many misfortunes as formerly. These facts are particularly recommended to the attention of the inhabitants, of those parts of Carolina and Virginia, which have suffered many years, and continue to suffer, from the great mortality among their cattle.
In a part of Brandenburg and Pomerania, there were large tracts of high lands, distant from rivers and rivulets, which consequently could not be watered, and therefore wanted pasturage, and the strength of soil necessary for cultivation. This was rather a local defect than one arising from want of industry in the proprietors; and though man is not permitted to change the nature of things, the king thought proper to direct some attempts, that experience might teach, what was, and what was not, practicable. For this purpose he had recourse to an English farmer, by the aid of whom essays were made on some of the royal farms. His method was to sow those poor and sandy lands with turnep seed; the turneps were suffered to rot, after which the lands were sowed with clover and other grass seeds; and thus were transformed into artificial meadows, by the aid of which, the number of cattle was greatly increased on each estate. These experiments having been so successful, care was taken to generalize a species of agriculture so advantageous, through all the provinces. A great improvement to this mode would be to winter feed the turnep ground with sheep, hurdling or inclosing them by a worm fence of light rails within a space of a quarter, half or a whole acre, at a time, according to the number of sheep; and in the spring of the year, to sow the ground after two good ploughings and harrowings with barley and clover seed.—Two bushels of barley to the acre; and after it is up, to one, two or three inches, sow eight pounds of clover seed or more per acre rolling the clover seed in if convenient. The earlier you can sow your barley in March, April or May, (according to the season and climate) the better; provided your ground be sufficiently dry for ploughing. After your clover has been in one, two or three years, the ground will bear a good crop of wheat or rye, which should be sowed on a single furrow or ploughing, in September, harrowing the grain in, lengthways, and not cross ways of the furrow. Then turn the stubble in with the plough as soon after harvest as you can, and the next season sow the ground with turneps as before, after ploughing the ground and cross ploughing it well, as often as you can: And if you can give it manure, before
ploughing, so much the better.—This completes what is called a course of crops. Take care not to sow clover on ground that lies wet in winter and not to impoverish your ground by covetously feeding your clover too close.—When this mode of farming or course of crops shall be generally adopted on the worn out lands in Virginia, infinite advantages will be derived from it, to that state. From its climate and other advantages, it will become the most plentiful and richest country in the world, and will supply wool, equal to the consumption of all America; for the means of manure are there at hand, and the poorest of their lands may be made more profitably productive, than the best lands in Kentucky, where many of their best citizens are emigrating to. Let every gentleman farmer in Virginia, enclose ten acres, make a fair experiment, keep an exact and candid journal of his management, and the issue of his experiment, and make known the result:—They cannot do a greater public good; to enable themselves to do so, they ought to encourage some merchant or store keeper in each of their trading towns to import from Philadelphia or New England, the necessary turnep, clover and barley, for seed immediately. Clover seed may be had there, generally, at 1-8 of a dollar per lb. barley at 6s. per bushel, and turnep seed for a trifle.
A TRAVELLING FARMER.
N. B. If the agricultural observations the Travelling Farmer shall make in his tour through the United States, may be acceptable to the public in general, they shall be communicated from time to time, and any queries put to him or requests made by gentlemen, in any of the states, through the National Gazette, shall be attended to in due time.
December 10
Original letter from the Hon. Edmund Burke, chief justice of the state of South Carolina, to the Rev. Ezra Stiles, D. D. President of Yale College.
Philadelphia, September 17, 1792.
Dear Sir,
SINCE I had the pleasure to see you, I have often reflected on the hard fate of Generals Whaley & Goffe, and Col. Dixwell, three of those patriotic republicans, who sat as judges on the trial of king Charles the first. I consider the decisive heroic spirit of that day, which dared to bring kingly despotism to public justice, as nearly related to that spirit of kindred boldness, which lately in America animated our citizens to oppose regal oppression, and effected our independence. Nor do I think the loss of the patriots of 1648, because they failed of success. The people of Britain went back to the flesh pots of Egypt, and relapsed into all the servitude of the old monarchy; because the world was not sufficiently enlightened to avail themselves of events. The principles of government, and the rights of man not being well understood, lay prostrate under the fatal prejudices of the times, and a superstitious idolatry for the name of a king.
But the wretchedness of the old world ought not to extinguish our reverence for the memory of Whaley, Goffe, and Dixwell, who lie buried in New-England. Those gallant men stood forth for the cause of liberty, in dark, dismal times, in the parliamentary army. They were eye witnesses of all the miseries, of the infinite slaughter on the field and scaffold, with the total ruin of families, which it was the lot of that country to suffer from the tyranny of their king.
Their story, and the distresses which they suffered in America, are known to but very few. To think of the tedious live long nights and days of sixteen or seventeen years through which they pined in concealment and distress, hunted as they were by the hucs and cries, and pursui-
vants of king Charles the second! It is hardly possible that their fate can be a matter of indifference to any man whose head or hand held a share in our late glorious revolution. For had the republicans of America failed, as those of Britain did, our illustrious Washington, Hancock, and Samuel Adams, with the rest of our gallant patriots, would have been hunted down by royal proclamations and pursuivants, and, like the ill fated Whaley, Goffe, and Dixwell, without a place to lay their heads, or a friend to give them a morsel of bread, but with terror of his life. Peace be to the shades of the worthy presbyterian clergyman, who afforded those unhappy patriots shelter and protection from kingly vengeance! It does high honor, in my opinion to the people of New England, and, it would add to the lustre of it, if yourself, Mr. Pierpont Edwards, and the other citizens of Newhaven, who have hitherto been guardians of Dixwell's ashes, would zealously undertake the raising of a small monument to the memory of those three men with a plain classical inscription in English. It would be doing something more than recording the republican principles and goodness of heart which distinguished your ancestors: Such a monument, standing in front of your college, where Dixwell lies, would be to the youth a good lesson and conspicuous example, that the fame of brave men, who undergo hazards and suffer in the cause of public freedom, is not to perish utterly: though the world and its affairs may change; though generations of men, and years, and ages may pass away; yet, after all, a rewarding providence may, out of some circumstance or other, produce a resurrection to their reputation, and guard it from oblivion.
I have to offer an apology for anticipating sentiments, which I am persuaded must have frequently impressed your mind, glowing as it is, with a fervent love of liberty under a republic. With principles like these, I think, it is impossible for a man to behold Dixwell's grave without veneration for his memory, and wishes, that some such plan could be executed. If you will undertake the business so far as to give it an origin in Newhaven, I am persuaded you need not fear for the execution of it. In Philadelphia alone, the materials could be furnished, and sent round by water, with an artist to set up the work. But I am one who would be for not allowing that city alone to monopolize the merit of it. There are in Boston, Newhaven, New-York, and other parts of America, republicans who would wish for the honor of participating in the promotion of it.
As I am to leave town to-morrow, and set off for Carolina, if you address an answer to this letter to chief justice M c Lean, he will open a communication with you on the subject. That gentleman with the Rev. Dr. Ewing, and some other worthy men here, will proceed to act as soon as you originate the business.
That you may live long, and enjoy all the blessings which talents, learning, and virtue ought to bestow on you, is my sincere wish.
I have the honor to be, with great esteem.
Dear Sir,
Your most obedient humble servant, E BURKE.
PLAN OF DEFENCE AGAINST THE TYRANTS.
From a Paris paper.
The important question of the moment is to determine, whether the duke of Brunswick will reach Paris.
Those who say he will, are the aristocratic party, who most ardently desire it, and the minds who fear his approach, rest
their argument on his great military talents; on his having a cool head, fit for grand calculations.
They assert, he has a well digested plan; that the French have none; that he has an army of veterans; and that we have only a number of raw, undisciplined soldiers; that he receives regular intelligence from our garrisons and armies: that the desperate emigrants under his command will form a nucleus, around which all the malcontents of the kingdom will gather; that as soon as two places are taken, it will be impossible to oppose an army of 100,000 men marching in three columns, with its own garrisons behind it, and the Austrian forces laying waste all the country on their march; disarming the patriots to arm the malcontents; with light troops in their van, to kill, plunder, and burn; and conclude by taking possession of our most advantageous posts, so as to cut off provisions from Paris, and reduce it by famine.
Those who maintain (and think with most probability) that Brunswick will not be rash enough to shut up himself and army in France, observe that the Prussians can only occupy a certain space of the country; that if they bring along with them mere necessaries for an army of 100,000 men, their march must be materially retarded: that should they expect to have provisions furnished them on their road, we have only to set fire to every thing previous to their arrival, and devastate all Champagne: to summon in progress all the citizens of France towards the relief of the capital: that, all the departments being armed, it will be proper to let Brunswick advance far enough to surround him; and that, by taking possession of all the advantageous posts, it will be an easy matter to destroy all his men successfully, without risking a battle: that as soon as he has got about 20 leagues into the country, we shall stop up every avenue of subsistence, and starve him in his camp: and all the stray soldiers killed will be carefully concealed, in order that the deleterious effluvia arising from them may occasion a pestiferous mortality: in short, the friends of liberty argue, that no army can hold a durable footing in an enemy's country; to say nothing of the astonishing efforts and enthusiasm of patriotic soldiers, which are unknown to mercenary troops, inured to slavery; and, to oppose plan to plan, and defeat artifice by artifice, the brave partisans of fair freedom suggest the following series of operations.
1st, To arm all the French on this side the Loire.
2dly, To get possession of all the elevated posts whereby they will be enabled to harass the Prussians on their march.
3dly, To burn and destroy all the provisions and forage in every place they (the patriots) are compelled to evacuate; and prepare a general rendezvous of asylum and indemnity for the natives suffering thereby.
4thly, To have an interior, auxiliary army ready to march against the Prussian colours when about 20 leagues from Paris; so as to encamp, harass, and attack them on every side; fill them at once with horror and despair; and leave them without hope of retreat or mercy, the just lot of all venal and hireling tyrants.
In the mean time all the aristocrats are to be secured, disarmed, and confined. The next step is, if possible, to enter Brabant, repulse the Austrians on the frontiers, and march on with rapidity to Coblenz, and Mentz.
Care must be taken to man the garrisons we leave behind. The interior troops will be prepared to give Brunswick and his followers a due reception. Should they advance, which we apprehend they will do cum grano salis , (with starving bellies,) it is an absolute certainty they would perish in the country they mean to enslave.

For the NATIONAL GAZETTE.
A SUGGESTION.
IT was an ancient proverb "that he that invented means whereby he could cause two spears of grass or corn to grow, where but one would hitherto grow, deserved more from his country than all the heroes and politicians of the age"—Why?—Because it is on the produce of the earth that we subsist. Should not America adopt the following proverb, viz. He that invents improvements on any art, whereby one man can do as much as two men could hitherto do, deserves more honor and favor from his country, than any two heroes or politicians—Why?—Because there is so great a want of men in our country, that we cannot extend our manufactures, nor fully cultivate our lands. And because it is to the arts that we are indebted for all the conveniencies and luxuries of life, even most of the useful productions of the earth. Deprive us of the arts, and we immediately relapse into a savage state.—To the arts we are indebted, for our fine farms, and plentiful harvests—fine ships, and extensive commerce—fine apparel and easy carriages—fine, convenient and comfortable houses, and great & populous cities.—Should not a wise nation nurse and cultivate them, by granting them all possible aid and encouragement, seeing that without them nine-tenths of us would inevitably perish, for want of necessaries of life, and the remainder be in a worse situation than the untutored savage of the woods. As the precious metals and stones, are hid in the bowels of the earth, and are with much difficulty, labor, and expence brought forth and polished and refined for use—so hath nature hid the useful arts, that it is only him, that searcheth and diggeth with diligence, & unwearied perseverance, that shall find them. Therefore who is more worthy to be honored, and esteemed by his country, than he who searcheth out their secret hiding places in nature, and bringeth them forth to the aid and assistance of man. To whom are we indebted for this great service? To the great and noble of the earth?—No! Those things are mostly revealed to the humble, diffident and modest; and they have mostly been of but low circumstances that have ever invented any thing useful, because they are men that prefer knowledge to riches. And hence their greatest difficulty is, after they have invented an improvement to bring it forth into practice. Therefore, it is the interest of a nation not only to secure to the inventor (for a limited time) the exclusive right to his invention after he has brought it into use, but to assist him in bringing it into practice, if he cannot do it himself: Because, what profit is it to a nation if a mine of gold be discovered, if it never be opened?—The discoverer declareth that he hath found a mine of gold—but no one will believe him, so far as to assist him to open it, till they see and feel the pure metal. If he goes to work alone, and neglects to provide food and raiment for his family, will not they starve with hunger and cold before he can attain his end, by the tedious and expensive process:—when he findeth want pinching, he is forced to give out his pursuit, and is laughed at, and all men agree that there is no mine there, and no one will attempt it again for a century—How often hath this been the case! I am of opinion that no nation hath yet hit on the most effectual means of promoting the progress of useful arts. They have said to the inventor— Produce us the pure gold from the mine, and we will secure to you the right of getting all you can for fourteen years —Whereas, they should have said— Shew us the place where the gold is, and convince us by good reasons that it is probably there, and we will all come and help you day to day to dig it out, and you shall then have all you can get for fourteen years; you must however, pay us for our labor. But if you and we should alike be mistaken, it will be no great loss to us—pay us when you can .—If our Congress should adopt a patent system on such principles, I dare venture to say, that the useful arts would flourish in this country, with a growth unparalleled in the history of nations—And as wealth and power is the offspring of art, we would in time be able to dictate to the world. Suppose, for instance, that a sum only equal to one fourth part of the savings of one improvement, that is already brought forward (the inventor having luckily been able to reduce it to practice)—viz.—Mr. Oliver Evans's improvement on the art of manufacturing wheat into flour. I have read a pamphlet wrote on the justice, policy, and utility, of establishing an effectual patent system, for promoting useful arts; and although I do not agree with the author exactly, I find he hath made appear that Mr. Evans's improvements may, in time, save the labor of 4000 men, in this country, which, calculated at 200 dollars each, is 800,000 dollars per annum. But to speak altogether within bounds, says he, it will soon save the labor of 1000 men, which at 100 dols. each, makes 100,000 dollars, per annum; one fourth part of which would be sufficient for a loan to be established for the promoting of useful arts. I conceive that the whole conti-
nent of America cannot produce 25 real inventive geniuses, or as many as could come forward with 25 inventions annually, sufficiently probable of utility and success to merit the assistance of the loan; and I conceive that 1000 dollars would be sufficient for experiments on most inventions. And as all that were successful could pay back the money, and perhaps many of those that were unsuccessful,—therefore it might be expected that such an institution would be but a very small expence to the public, and of great utility.
I cannot refrain hoping that some such measure will be adopted, because I know of several useful discoveries, that now lay dormant for want of such assistance, and are in danger of being buried with the inventors. But if the assistance be granted, I shall hope to live to see the day when our harvests will be reaped and threshed by machines moved by the strength of horses; our rooms in cities warmed with half the present expence of fuel; and the power of elastic steam applied to more looms and plaining machines, whereby much of the laborious parts of the work of carpenters in building houses will be done by that power, and perhaps even applied to the propelling of land carriages with heavy burdens. I know persons that propose all these inventions (and not without great probability of success) as that great power of steam may be applied to many things to which it has not yet been applied.
Why would we expect an inventor to make improvements at an expence perhaps equal to all that he is worth, when he is to enjoy it only fourteen years? What tenant will improve a farm at his own expence, when he is to possess it only that time?—If the public is to be the proprietor at the end of the aforesaid patent term, why not pay the expence of the experiments?—The very hopes or expectation of a patent will cause the inventor to keep his discovery a profound secret (if he is not able at present to reduce it to practice, and take out the patent) until he or his children shall be able to reduce it to practice, & pay the patent fees; and herein appears the ill effects of that ungenerous policy, of taxing genius by taking large patent fees. I believe that a great majority of the people are in favor of patents, especially amongst the ruling part, as hath appeared in several instances; it is only a few ungenerous, and consequently unpopular characters, that are opposed thereto. But it appears that Congress hath hitherto considered the patent law, as an unimportant object, not worthy of that attention that other more important objects demand.—When we consider, however, that the wealth, power, and happiness of a nation, is always in proportion to the perfection of the arts in that nation; and that the perfection of the arts is always in proportion to the encouragement they meet with, surely it is evident that there never was, nor can appear, a more important object before Congress.
ARTIST.
To the Editor of the National Gazette.
SIR, I WAS much pleased with some remarks in your paper, entitled "Forerunners of aristocracy and monarchy in the United States," by a writer who signs himself Mirabeau. His signature is not unworthy of the subject; for could that great apostle of liberty and equality be called again into existence, and see folies and vices springing up with a hot-bed growth in America, which finally beget tyranny, and which he lent his formidable aid to expel from his own country, his indignant spirit would rush from such a scene of depravity, and rather wander in a world unknown. That a nation just emerged from despotism, where the human mind has been fettered for ages, and where the exercise of it on political questions constituted a crime, should set an example to Americans, is a subject of wonder! Well may they feel the hard earned laurels of their revolution withering on their brows, before the natural period of decay, when they see France outstripping them in the true spirit of republicanism, and exalting the debased state of human nature. Orientation and inequality are found as discordant to the ears of regenerated Frenchmen, as Tory was to an American—Tho' Mr. Mirabeau has done great justice to his subject, as far as he has gone, I will take the liberty to suggest some additional remarks which he has, perhaps, overlooked.
The assumption of the titles of office by the officers of government in social life—This vain display of superiority, at the same time that it designates a little and frivolous mind, shews their disposition for distinction and inequality. In the social communication between man and man, the officers of government are no more than citizens, and it must sound strangely absurd to hear of an invitation from the "Secretary of War" to dine, as it might be imagined that his cards announced a war-feast . This might answer very well in the neighbourhood of the Miami village, but in the bosom of tranquility we naturally feel alarmed at the sound of war . This rattle, which so peculiarly delights certain cha-
racers among us, seems to have seduced the author of the famous defence of the American constitutions by its Syren sounds. He never appears but in the full blaze of office, as if every place he went to was a senate, and every circle which he invited needed a Vice-President—Tempora mutantur!
Secret deliberations of the Senate, &c. —This Patrician stile, this concealment, this affectation of pre-eminence but illy accords with the spirit of a republican government. The constitution of the United States acknowledges no superiority of one legislative body over the other, and to assume it is a violation of its principle, and an insult to the character of freemen. It is a strange maxim in republican policy, that the agents of the people should keep their deliberations concealed from those from whom they derive their political existence. It augurs an unfriendly disposition in a public body that wishes to masque its transactions—Upright intentions, and upright conduct are not afraid or ashamed of publicity. The spirit of a Venetian senate suits not, as yet, the meridian of the United States; neither does the conduct of a clave or a divan comport with the feelings of Americans.
The citizens of the United States would, no doubt, spurn at the idea of an avowed introduction of aristocracy or monarchy among them. The people of Rome in the time of Cæsar and Augustus were not less averse from the title of king, but the sound of emperor misled them. Familiarize the mind to the shadow of aristocracy and monarchy, (and this seems to be the policy of certain characters among us) and the substance must and will follow—Changes of this kind are sometimes gradual and almost imperceptible, but are not less certain—What the poet says of vice may be said of aristocracy or monarchy
—is a monster of so frightful mein, As to be hated, needs but to be seen; Yet seen too oft, familiar with her face, We first endure, then pity, then embrace.
CONDORCET.
December 14, 1792.
FOREIGN AFFAIRS.
PARIS, September 26.
The service done to France by General Montesquieu in his expedition to Savoy is of the greatest magnitude. In his position at Montmelian he can scarcely be so much as attacked, owing to the natural strength of the place, where a handful of men, with 7 or 8 cannon might defy the efforts of 40,000 of the enemy, whereas, the whole force of the king of Sardinia does not exceed 27,000 men.
The female tyrant of the north, the empress of Russia, is always threatening us with her fleets and armies, and is as constantly humbled with a consciousness that neither of them can ever hurt us. Some accounts say that 15,000, others 20,000, and some even say that 30,000 Russians are on their march to join the two combined armies, under the Duke of Brunswick and the king of Prussia. It is certain, however, that these troops have not yet passed the frontiers of Poland; and it may be added that the 40,000 Russians actually in that kingdom, are scarce sufficient to keep in awe a people irritated by slavery, and the opposed factions which are ready to tear each other to pieces—As to the Russian fleet which was to have insulted our coasts, they did indeed sail as far on their way as Denmark, but for want of a sufficient number of men were obliged to return to Cronstadt, so that they now cannot possibly leave the Baltic till next June.
The alliance of the two rival powers of Austria and Prussia, has given the most serious discontent to all the great statesmen of the latter; and has actually produced a political schism in the court of Berlin, pregnant with danger to the king, the consequences of which no man can pretend to calculate. The war into which Frederick the 3d has been drawn has created general discontent throughout his dominions, which is daily encreasing, and of which the explosion will, sooner or later, be terrible. The nation complain that the war with France is exhausting the treasures heaped up by Frederic the 2d, and recruiting is become so difficult, that the king cannot be supplied with a reinforcement of only 30,000 men, that he has wrote for.
If the people in general, in England and Holland, are favorably disposed towards our revolution, it is held in detestation by their rulers. Holland, it is true, is not arming; but she exclusively gives to our enemies every possible encouragement, respecting loans, the hiring of transports, and the purchase of arms and military stores. England fitted out this year only a small squadron, and even that is returned to port, but it does not appear that any orders have been given for paying off and laying up the ships that compose it. No extraordinary movement has lately taken place in the English dock yards, but then it must be remembered, that their navy is always in such a state, that a powerful fleet may be equipped and sent to sea in six weeks—As to Spain, there is no reason to doubt of her enmity since the deposition of Louis the 16th; and, altho' she cannot arm so
quick as England, we have every reason to think she will take an active part against us. Their army, however, in Europe does not at this time consist of more than 25,000 men; but their navy is on a something better footing.
LONDON, October 1.
Thionville is another Gibraltar; the Austrians constructed four large floating batteries, which they let fall down the Moselle; when opposite the town, they were received by a hot fire, so well directed, that in a few minutes they were sent all to the bottom, and every man on board perished. It has cost the Austrians about 500 men to get possession of a hill which commands the town. On this place they erected eight batteries, which the garrison sallied forth and destroyed. Gen. Quere-lande, who commands the siege, is tired of pouring hot balls into the town, and hopes only to reduce it by famine. At Montmedy, the French make as stout a resistance; the commander, M. de Lignevelle, has been displaced, and a quarter-master of artillery chosen in his stead: the garrison of Thionville have also deposed their commander. The resistance made by these places stops the army from advancing.
General Vandermerch, who bore so conspicuous a part in the war of the Brabançon Patriots, in the year 1790, died at his seat near Menin, in Flanders, on the 14th instant.
The French general Anselme, has a sister of his own with him, in the expedition against the king of Sardinia's territories. She marches at the head of one of the columns of the army, wearing the cap of liberty, which greatly becomes her.
The elector of Saxony is preparing to take the field, and send his forces to act against France. On the 11 of September the greater part of the Saxon army was in motion, six miles from Leipfic.
The empress of Russia's army has left Poland on their march for the frontiers of France, and will probably soon arrive to join the duke of Brunswick, and help exhaust his already exhausted stores. These Northern barbarians are inured to the most severe hardships, and may therefore, probably, be employed in harassing the French during the winter season. The army now on their march (and which some say have reached Prussia) are in number 25,000.
CONGRESS.
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES.
TUESDAY, Dec. 11.
A report was read from the Secretary of the Treasury, on the petition of Abraham Scriberer and Thomas Cable, praying compensation for losses, &c.—Read, and ordered to lie on the table.
It being then moved to take into consideration the confidential message from the President of the United States, the doors were ordered to be shut.
WEDNESDAY, Dec. 12.
A letter was received from the Secretary of War, containing a statement of the particulars on which the sum specified for contingent charges in the war department for the year 1793, is founded—Read, and referred to a committee of the whole on the general estimate of appropriations, for 1793.
A petition was read, from Moses Young, formerly Secretary to Mr. Laurens, when on his embassy to Holland, and to Dr. Franklin, praying compensation for services rendered, &c.—Referred to the Secretary of the Treasury.
A petition was read from Samuel Forbes, and others, praying compensation for services rendered during the war—Also, a memorial from sundry persons, who loaned money to the United States between September 1777, and March 1778, praying specie payment of interest due, at the rate of 6 per cent—Laid on the table.
The House then went into committee of the whole, on the report of the Secretary of the Treasury, of the estimates of the sums necessary to be appropriated for the service of the year 1793.—After some debate, the committee rose, to take the same into consideration to-morrow.
The committee's report on the petition of Samuel Shaw, for remission of duties on teas imported from China, &c. was read. The report was unfavorable to the petitioner—Laid on the table.
The report of a committee, made on the 16th of April last, in favor of granting a compensation to sundry inhabitants of Newark, for an Academy burnt in said town during the war—was read, and made one of the orders of the day for Monday next.
On motion of Mr. Fitzsimons, the House came to the following resolutions:
Resolved, That a loan to the amount of the balances which (upon a final settlement of accounts) shall be found due from the United States, to the individual states, be opened at the treasury of the United States, and at the loan-offices in the respective states, to commence within months after the said balances shall be reported at the treasury, and to continue open for the term of months from the time of its commencement,

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That the sums to be subscribed to such loans, be payable in the principle or interest of the certificates or notes issued by any such of the said States as (upon the final settlement of accounts) shall have a balance due to them from the United States, and which shall have been liquidated to specie value prior to the day of last.
That every subscriber to the said loan, shall be entitled to certificates, according to the sum subscribed, of the like tenor and description, in the like proportions, and upon the like terms, as are specified and directed by the fifteenth and sixteenth sections of the act, intitled, "An act making provision for the debt of the United States," except, that interest on such of the certificates, subscribed to the said loan, as bear interest, shall be computed to the last day of the year, 1793, inclusively, and that interest shall not begin to accrue upon any of the certificates which shall be issued in lieu thereof till the first day of January, 1794.
That in all cases, where the sum subscribed in the evidences of the debt of any state, shall exceed the balance due to such state, the same shall be reduced (in equal proportions) to the sum actually due to such state."
In committee of the whole on the bill to ascertain the fees demandable in cases of admiralty proceedings, in the courts of the United States, and to amend in part the "act for the government of seamen employed in the merchants' service"—The committee discussed the remaining sections of the bill, agreed to several amendments, and then rose, to take the same into consideration again to-morrow.
THURSDAY, Dec. 13.
A message was received from the Senate, informing the House that they had passed the bill providing for the registering and recording of ships or vessels, with amendments, to which the concurrence of the House was requested.
The report of the Secretary of the Treasury on the reduction of the public debt was (after some debate) referred to a committee of the whole House on Thursday the 27th inst.
The amendments of the committee to the coasting bill were taken into consideration. Some were agreed to and others rejected. After some debate on a motion for requiring from masters and owners of vessels a particular enumeration of all goods, wares, &c. shipped in the coasting vessels from time to time (which was afterwards withdrawn) the bill was laid on the table for further consideration—as were also the amendments of the Senate (after being read) to the bill providing for registering and recording of ships or vessels.
A motion was then made that the Secretary of war deliver in to the House a return of all commissioned, non-commissioned officers and privates belonging to the regular establishment of the United States, with the regiments to which they belong, and the time of their entering into the service—Which motion was agreed to.
The House then went into committee of the whole on the Secretary of the Treasury's report relative to the probable expenditures and the necessary appropriations for the year 1793—Some debate ensued.—The question on agreeing to the sum reported in the estimate for the loan-offices was carried in the affirmative. The several particulars in the resolutions being gone through with, a committee of five was appointed to prepare and report a bill accordingly.
PHILADELPHIA.
DECEMBER 15.
Four persons, who some months since, arrived in Georgia from the West-Indies, and who were soon after indicted for stealing on the high seas (near Martinico) and carrying off a number of negroes belonging to the inhabitants of that island, were lately brought to their trial at Augusta, before the circuit court of the United States for that district. Samuel Skinner, of Boston, supercargo of the vessel, and who appeared to have been the principal agent in kidnapping the slaves, was sentenced to receive 39 lashes (which was executed accordingly) to pay 100 dollars, charges of prosecution, and to remain imprisoned till the sentence was fully satisfied. The other three prisoners were acquitted.—Skinner was found guilty on his own confession.
It is mentioned in a Georgia paper, that a party of white men from the frontiers of that state had lately made an incursion to the Cherokee nation, burnt one of their towns, and killed three of their people; and that two of seven Indians, of the aforesaid nation, who had been invited into the Georgia settlements, to hold a friendly talk concerning the late murders by Indians, were killed at Ward's Mill, in Franklin county, and a squaw at the same time wounded. On this occasion the Governor of Georgia issued his proclamation, recognizing the act that makes it felony to kill any free Indian, and strictly enjoining the civil and military officers of the state to apprehend and bring the offenders to justice.
Accounts from New-York say, that the people of the territory of Upper Canada had some time since unanimously expressed a desire that the law prohibiting their commercial intercourse with the United States should be taken off; and that Gov. Simcoe being informed of their request, had readily complied therewith. Their trade will be by the western lakes and the Mohawk river.
Let the contest in France (says a Boston paper) issue either in the establishment of republicanism or monarchy, the United States will be benefited by the event. The animosity which at present exists between the various partizans, must constrain those who are unsuccessful to seek an asylum in some other part of the globe; and none presents itself more favorably than this country. [There appears to be (says a correspondent) one ill consequence attending the French republicans getting the better in the contest; as in case of such an event, abundance of aristocratical and monarchical notions would be imported with the French emigrants to this country; of which, in the opinion of many, we have already a quantum sufficit of our own growth.]
Several agents are now in the United States, commissioned by societies in Ireland, and elsewhere, to make large purchases of lands, chiefly for intended emigrants to settle on.
It appears by letters from the state of Virginia, that the electors there were unanimous in the choice of George Washington, as President, and George Clinton, as Vice President of the United States.
The great bridge over Merrimack river, in Massachusetts, is now finished. The whole length of this bridge is one thousand and thirty feet; its width 34; the height of the main arch 160, under which a ship of 350 tons has passed. The bridge consists of more than six thousand tons of timber, and is formed of several arches and solid piers.
We understand the following are the principal objects to come under the immediate consideration of the legislature of the State of Pennsylvania, during their present session. 1. Making provision for the defence of the frontiers against Indian incursions. 2. The act of the United States for regulating the militia; and making proper arrangements to enforce it. 3. The financial concerns of the state, and the disposal of monies lying inactive in the Treasury. 4. To bring in a bill for collecting arrears of taxes, outstanding. 5. Arranging land office, and other official accounts, and collecting marriage and tavern licences. 6. To enlarge the salaries of the judiciary of the court of common pleas, if found to be (as is asserted) too small. 7. To secure to ship builders, &c. payment of their demands on vessels by them built or fitted. 8. Suitable provision for public schools and seminaries of learning. 9. Revising the warden and pilot laws of the port of Philadelphia. 10. The establishment of a marine hospital, and making proper arrangements in the health office. 11. Arrangements relative to the claimants in donated lands. 12. Provisions for expenses in support of government, discharge of public certificates, perfecting the house intended for the use of the President of the United States, and other contingent expenses. 13. The enumeration of taxable inhabitants, agreeably to the constitution of the state. 14. Renewal of the bankrupt law of this state, to have effect until Congress provide general regulations to that subject. 15. That a committee be appointed to take into consideration such acts as expire and require renewal, such as that for regulating the export of pot and pearl-ash, for transferring the power of the supreme executive council to the present executive, and as to the fisheries in the river Codorus. and, 16. That the house take order as to the disposal of the maps of this state, drawn and deposited by Reading Howell.
A pair of cattle were killed at Boston, a few days ago, the produce of New-Hampshire, that weighed as follows: The 8 quarters of the Beef, 3031 lbs. Hides and tallow, 535 3616 As they had been 12 days in hard driving to market, it was supposed they had lost about 400 lbs. in that time. They were but six years old, and had been only grass-fed.
A machine for extracting the seed from Carolina cotton has been invented by Mr. Pierce, of the town of Paterson, in New-Jersey. With this machine, it is said, one man will clean seven hundred weight of cotton per day.
We learn that a convention is called by the council of censors of the state of Vermont, for the purpose of revising the Constitution of that state. The convention are to meet at Windsor, in June next.
Late intelligence from the West-Indies. "On the 10th of November an attack was made by a detachment of the patriotic party in St. Domingo, under M. d'Assas, upon a strong post of the negroes at Morne-pele, which commands the camp of Cleve-ris, and about 12 miles from Cape Fran-
cois. The negroes were driven from their post, but the commander lost his advantage by evacuating it, and only carrying off one of the negro cannon, spiked—the others were previously taken away by the negroes. As soon as the post was deserted by the whites, the negroes re-occupied it, and again annoyed the camp. The commander lost much credit by this expedition—The Governor of the island of St. Kitts, in consequence of the insult some time since offered the British flag there by M. Malvaux, the aristocratical French captain from Guadalupe, had dispatched a frigate to Martinico to demand satisfaction, and the vessel that had been carried off; instead of which, the conduct of M. Malvaux was justified by the commandant at Martinico, and the frigate returned re in-fecta—The island of St. Lucia is the only one that still adheres to the revolutionary government in France. The inhabitants have strongly fortified the Morne Fortune, and put themselves in the best state of defence possible, having received messages from the (aristocratical) governments of Martinico and Guadalupe, that if they do not strike the national colours and hoist the old French flag, they will go over and put them all to death.
On the 31st of October a body of 1200 negroes made an attack on the camp of Clerisse, and were repulsed, by a much inferior force, with great loss.
Extract of a letter from London, dated October 1.
"Paine has taken his leave of us, on his election to a seat in the French National Convention. His third part of "the Rights of Man" was in the press, but withdrawn, and will probably be soon published in France, with the English original appended to the French translation. We have been, and still are entertained with accounts of a surrender of one of the French armies, which no body but the deluded emigrants here gives credit to, the particulars of time being so circumstanced as to defy all probability. You may therefore set it down as nought. As to our own affairs, among a multiplicity of them, one great point has been supposed to be gained here on the side of liberty, by appointing juries, instead of judges, to determine what is, or what is not a libel. This would naturally, in some small degree, unshackle the press, were it not that a surer game is playing by the ministry and their adherents, to corrupt every press in the kingdom, and make it suit their own purposes; and, depend on it, sycophants enough are to be found to second their views in this respect. You alk me my opinion of Mr. Pitt—He is not here that great man you suppose him to be. No enemy to the French revolution can be popular in this country; and I beg in future you would not so far prostitute the word genius as to apply it to a scheming character, the utmost extent of whose powers is perhaps only adequate to the fabrication of excises, and whose abilities are forever upon the stretch, how to avoid, in financial matters, the direct path of common honesty."
A New-York paper of Thursday contains the following intelligence; by a very late arrival at Newport, in Rhode-Island.
Belfast, Oct. 10.—We have more than once stated it as our opinion, that Ireland is deeply involved in the progress of liberty in France—and not only Ireland, but the whole world. It is therefore with much satisfaction we now announce the defeat of despotism, in the flight of that redoubtable hero, the Duke of Brunswick, who the day before his disgrace, had the audacity to renew his bravados, threatening destruction to a whole people, merely because they had thought proper to better their condition!—May such a cause ever meet a similar fate.
Letter from General Dumourier. "Saint Menchould, October 1.
"At length, my dear Servan, what I expected and predicted in my letters has taken place. The Prussians are in full retreat. The brave Buernonville, who has been styled 'the French Ajax' has taken from them during the two last days more than four hundred men, fifty waggons, and above two hundred horses. All the prisoners and deserters agree, that this army is exhausted by famine, fatigue, and the bloody flux. The enemy decamp every night, and march only two leagues in the 24 hours to cover their baggage and heavy artillery.
"I have sent a reinforcement to Buernonville, who has more than 20,000 men, and who will never quit them till he has exterminated them.—To give the finishing blow to this business, I shall join him in person.
"I have sent you some copies of my negotiation, which I have caused to be printed, because the commander of an army of freemen, ought to suffer no suspicions to exist respecting his conduct with the enemy. I think that the present circumstance will deliver us from the scourge of war; and as I told you before, if I remember right, I hope, provided you have confidence in me, to establish my winter quarters at Brussels. You may therefore assure the August Assembly of the sovereign people, that I shall never seek for repose,
until it shall be put out of the power of tyrants to do us any hurt—I embrace you. (Signed) DUMOURIER."
London, Octob. 6. Two letters, one from the commissioners sent to the Camp at Chalons, and another from Gen Dumourier, were read in the convention, stating, that the enemy continued to retreat, and that the road behind them was strewed with dead bodies. On visiting the camp, which they had quitted, 300 horses were found dead and half eaten.
These letters farther stated that there were 8000 sick in the hospital general at Grand Pre, and 5000 at Verdun. Gen. Dumourier was of opinion that the enemy could neither winter at Verdun nor Longwy, and that they would effect their retreat through Luxemburg.
We hear from Massachusetts and R. Island that the Electors of those states have unanimously voted for George Washington and John Adams, President and Vice-President.
At a meeting of the insurance company of North America, held on Monday last at the State-House, the following gentlemen were elected directors, viz.
Joseph Ball, Magnus Miller, Michael Prager, John M. Nesbit, Samuel Blodget, Matthew M'Connel, Jasper Moylan, Charles Pettit, Thos. L. Moore, John Ross, William Cramond, Walter Stewart, John Leamy, John Swanwick, John Barclay. Ebenezer Hazard, Sec.
PROCLAMATION. By the President of the United States.
WHEREAS I have received authentic information, that certain lawless and wicked persons, of the western frontier, in the state of Georgia, did lately invade, burn and destroy, a town belonging to the Cherokee nation, altho' in amity with the United States, and put to death several Indians of that nation; and whereas such outrageous conduct, not only violates the rights of humanity, but also endangers the public peace; and it highly becomes the honor and good faith of the United States to pursue all legal means for the punishment of those atrocious offenders; I have therefore thought fit to issue this my proclamation, hereby exhorting all the citizens of the United States, and requiring all the officers thereof, according to their respective stations, to use their utmost endeavours, to apprehend and bring those offenders to justice. And I do moreover offer a reward of Five Hundred Dollars, for each and every of the above named persons, who shall be so apprehended and brought to justice, and shall be proved to have assumed or exercised any command or authority among the perpetrators of the crimes aforesaid, at the time of committing the same.
In testimony whereof, I have caused the seal of the United States to be affixed to these presents, and signed the same with my hand. Done at the city of Philadelphia, the twelfth day of December, in the year of our Lord, one thousand, seven hundred and ninety-two, and of the Independence of the United States the seventeenth. GE: WASHINGTON.
By the President, TH. JEFFERSON.
[Translation of the Latin Verses in our last.]
NO more let barbarous Memphis boast Base structures, rear'd by slavish hands— A nation on the Atlantic coast (Fetter'd no more in foreign bands) A nobler PYRAMID displays Than Egypt's marble e'er could raise. Columbia's sons, to extend a proof Of their bold deeds to future years, Disdain to use such vulgar stuff; But, soaring to the starry spheres, Materials seek in Jove's blue sky T' endure when brass and marble die. Arriv'd among the shining host, Fearless, the proud invaders spoil From countless gems, in ather loft, Some stars, to crown their mighty toil: To heaven a pyramid they rear, And point the fabric with a star. Old wasteful TIME! tho' still you gain Dominion o'er the brazen tower, On THIS your teeth shall gnaw in vain, Finding its strength beyond their power— While kindred stars in heaven shall glow, THIS PYRAMID WILL SHINE BELOW!
** A translation of the Latin Verses in our last, by another hand, came too late for insertion in this day's paper, but shall appear in our next.
WANTS EMPLOYMENT, Either in a Dry-good or Grocery store—A young man that is acquainted with both; and can be well recommended—Enquire of the Printer.

Mode of Constituting the Proposed Annuities.
Tables referred to in the Secretary of the Treasury's Report, in our paper of the 8th instant.
TABLE shewing the effect of a sum annually created, equal to the interest of the sum to be redeemed within each year, for a period of nine years, commencing from the 1st of January, 1793—on the supposition that the interest on the sum annually redeemed be invested, as it is liberated, in the purchase of 6 per cent. stock, at the price of 22 shillings on the pound.
Table with 4 columns: Periods of Redemption, Sums annually redeemable, Interest annually liberated, Sums annually purchased. Rows from 1794 to 1802.
Treasury Department, Nov. 30, 1792. ALEXANDER HAMILTON, Secretary of the Treasury.
-B-
Table exhibiting a View of the proposed Plan of Redemption.
Table with 4 columns: Periods of redemption or payment, Sums redeemable, Temporary Loans, Amount of sums borrowed with compound annuities to accrue. Rows from 1794 to 1802.
N. B. All the Calculations in this Table, proceed upon a Rate of Five per Cent. Interest.
Treasury Department, Nov. 30, 1792. ALEXANDER HAMILTON, Secretary of the Treasury.
Table with 3 columns: Year, Amount, Dols. Cts. Rows from 1793 to 1802, including surplus dividend and tax details.
Treasury Department, November 30, 1792.
ALEXANDER HAMILTON.
-D-
View of REDEEMING FUND to and upon the 1st January, 1802. INTEREST which will have been liberated by purchases and payments into the Treasury, exclusive of Redemptions according to the proposed plan
Table with 3 columns: Year, Amount, Dols. Cts. Rows from 1794 to 1802.
TAXES which will have been laid.
Table with 3 columns: Year, Amount, Dols. Cts. Rows from 1793 to 1799.
Surplus dividend of bank stock beyond the interest which will be payable out of it
Amount of INTEREST converted into ANNUITIES.
Table with 3 columns: Year, Amount, Dols. Cts. Rows from 1796 to 1800.
Annual sum at the end of 1800
Treasury Department, November 30, 1792.
ALEXANDER HAMILTON.
METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS.
DECEMBER 1792.
Table with 5 columns: Day, D, H, Bar. (Tber.), Wind, Weather. Rows for Tuesday through Monday.
[From a Connecticut Paper.] To the Public.
VIEW of the extraordinary expenditures, on a Thanksgiving Day, in the three States of Connecticut, Rhode-Island, and Massachusetts—Allowing eight persons to a family, there are in those three States, 85,694 families—consequently, upon a moderate calculation they must, together, make Thanksgiving Day debtor to about
Table with 2 columns: Item, Amount. Items include 85,694 mugs flip, 40,000 plum puddings, etc.
BANK OF THE UNITED STATES.
Philadelphia, Nov. 20th, 1792.
THE stockholders of the bank of the United States are hereby informed, that according to the statute of incorporation, a general election for twenty-five Directors will be held at the bank of the United States, in the city of Philadelphia, on Monday the seventh day of January next, at ten o'clock in the forenoon.
And pursuant to the eleventh section of the bye-laws the stockholders of the said bank are hereby notified to assemble in general meeting, at the same place, on Thursday the eighth day of January next, at five o'clock in the evening.
By order of the President and Directors. JOHN KEAN, Cashier. t. J. 5.
Soon will be published THE SYSTEM OF
Short-Hand,
Used by Mr. Lloyd, in taking down the Debates of Congress;—
AS SYSTEM so easy, that any man, of ordinary capacity, may clearly comprehend it in half an hour, and soon practice it, in its fullest extent, without any further instruction, than what will be conveyed in a few pages,—the whole ART being comprised in eighteen simple characters, without any of those perplexing, arbitrary marks, with which the learners of other systems are obliged to burden their memory, and embarrass their practice.
Price, to Subscribers, One Dollar:—to Non-Subscribers, a Dollar and half. Subscriptions received by Messrs. Rice, Booksellers, Market-street, and by JOHN CAREY, No. 26, Pear-street. Half a Dollar to be paid at the time of subscribing.
New-York and Philadelphia
S T A G E S,
A N D Bordenton, Burlington, and Trenton or Lamberton
P A C K E T S.
THE proprietors of the New-York and Philadelphia Land and Water Stages, beg leave to mention, that for the better accommodation of the passengers, they have removed their different packet boats from their former stand, at the Crooked Billet Wharf, to the wharf or dock immediately next below Arch-street; from whence a convenient packet boat starts for New-York, as usual, on every Sunday, Tuesday, Wednesday and Thursday, and returns on every Tuesday, Thursday, Friday and Saturday. The passage to be made either by the way of Bordenton or Burlington; each place taken alternately. Fare for passengers from Philad. to N. York 15/ For goods per Cwt. do 6/
Van Emburgh and M c Kean, David Williamson, Proprietors of the line of New York and Philadelphia Stages, by the route of Bordenton.
Jacob Myers, Amos Hutchin, Nicholas Schenck,
Proprietors of the line of New York and Philadelphia Stages, by the route of Burlington.
Bordenton, Oct. 1. For freight or passage apply to the masters on board, or to
M c Kean and Van Emburgh; Who have for sale at their store on said wharf, immediately next below Arch-street,
Table with 3 columns: Item, Quantity, Price. Items include Old Madeira, Teneriffe, Mountain, Jamaica Spirits, Antigua, Monferat & Newbury, Rochelle Brandy, Gin in pipes and cases.
Orders for Grain, Staves, Bills of Scantling, or other Lumber, punctually attended to. For freight or passage to Lamberton or Trenton, apply at said wharf to Thomas Ashmore, William Douglass, John Ashmore or Alexander Douglass, (Masters on board) or as above, to M c Kean & Van Emburgh. Philadelphia, October 6, 1792.
Terres à Vendre
Dans un pays bien peuplé,—
SAVOIR, soixante cinq mille, trois cens, soixante et quatorze Acres, en une seule pièce, dans le canton le mieux peuplé de la Caroline Meridionale, le District de Ninety-Six. Ces terres sont situées dans une contrée agréable, et salubre, où les fièvres sont inconnues; à environ vingt lieues de Colombie, la Capitale, et contiguës à la ville de Cambridge, où il y a un College, et Cour supérieure. A environ douze lieues, il y a une bonne navigation; et il est très probable, que dans quelque tems on rendra navigable le Grand Salude, rivière qui arrose les terres mêmes. Elles sont agréablement diversifiées de coteaux et vallons charmans propres à la culture du tabac, du coton, du maïs, et du petit grain; et dont une proportion considérable se peut aisément convertir en prairies fertiles, il n'est peut-être gueres possible de rencontrer une pareille pièce de terre à vendre dans aucun autre des Etats Unis; et pour les conditions de l'ach at on les rendra très commodes. S'informer à l'imprimerie de la Gazette Nationale. Sept. 5.
LANDS FOR SALE,
IN a well settled Country. SIXTY-FIVE THOUSAND THREE HUNDRED AND SEVENTY-FOUR ACRES OF LAND, in one body, in the most populous part of the state of South-Carolina, in the district of Ninety-six—It is situated in a fine healthy climate, free from fever & ague, about sixty miles from Columbia, the seat of government. The land is contiguous to the town of Cambridge, where are a seminary for the instruction of youth, and a superior law court. It is at present within about thirty-five miles of good navigation, with a probability of having the river, called the Great Salude, that flows along one side of the land, made navigable. The land is beautifully diversified into swells and vales, and is perfectly well calculated for the culture of tobacco, cotton, Indian corn, and small grain; a great proportion of it may be made meadow ground. There is not, perhaps, such a body of land, so circumstanced, for sale in any other of the U. States. The terms of payment will be made convenient to the purchaser or purchasers. Apply to the Printer. August 29. rawtf
CHARLES BITTERS,
No. 120, South Market, near Fourth-street, Has received from New-York, and manufactured by Lot Merkel, A large and general assortment of Muffs and Tippets, Trimmings and Edgings, Great Coats, Caps, Mitts and Gloves lined with Fur, which he will sell, Wholesale and Retail, at the lowest prices. Nov. 24. 2awtf
For sale, at the printing office, a few copies of the first volume of the National Gazette.
PRINTED BY CHILDS AND SWAIN AT THEIR OFFICE NO 209, HIGH-STREET NEAR FIFTH-STREET, PHILADELPHIA.