Gazette of the United-States. (New-York [N.Y.]), 1793-09-14 00:00:00

Gazette of the United States.
A NATIONAL PAPER, PUBLISHED WEDNESDAYS AND SATURDAYS BY JOHN FENNO, No. 34, NORTH FIFTH-STREET, PHILADELPHIA.
[No. 135 of Vol. IV.]
SATURDAY, September 14, 1793.
[Whole No. 457.]
FOR THE GAZETTE.
HELVIDIUS—No. IV.
THE last papers completed the view proposed to be taken of the arguments in support of the new and aspiring doctrine, which ascribes to the executive the prerogative of judging and deciding whether there be causes of war or not, in the obligations of treaties; notwithstanding the express provision in the constitution, by which the legislature is made the organ of the national will, on questions whether there be or be not a cause for declaring war. If the answer to these arguments has impaired the conviction which dictated it, the reader will have pronounced, that they are generally superficial, abounding in contradictions, never in the least degree conclusive to the main point, and not unfrequently conclusive against the writer himself: whilst the doctrine—that the powers of treaty and war, are in their nature executive powers—which forms the basis of those arguments, is as indefensible and as dangerous, as the particular doctrine to which they are applied.
But it is not to be forgotten that these doctrines, though ever so clearly disproved, or ever so weakly defended, remain before the public a striking monument of the principles and views which are entertained and propagated in the community.
It is also to be remembered, that however the consequences flowing from such premises, may be disavowed at this time or by this individual, we are to regard it as morally certain, that in proportion as the doctrines make their way into the creed of the government, and the acquiescence of the public, every power that can be deduced from them, will be deduced and exercised sooner or later by those who may have an interest in so doing. The character of human nature gives this salutary warning to every sober and reflecting mind. And the history of government, in all its forms and in every period of time, ratifies the danger. A people therefore, who are so happy as to possess the inestimable blessing of a free and defined constitution, cannot be too watchful against the introduction, nor too critical in tracing the consequences, of new principles and new constructions, that may remove the landmarks of power.
Should the prerogative which has been examined, be allowed in its most limited sense, to usurp the public countenance, the interval would probably be very short, before it would be heard from some quarter or other, that the prerogative either amounts to nothing, or means a right to judge and conclude that the obligations of treaty impose war, as well as that they permit peace. That it is fair reasoning, to say, that if the prerogative exists at all, an operative rather than an inert character ought to be given to it.
In support of this conclusion, there would be enough to echo, "that the prerogative in this active sense, is connected with the executive in various capacities—as the organ of intercourse between the nation and foreign nations—as the interpreter of national treaties" (a violation of which may be a cause of war) "as that power which is charged with the execution of the laws of which treaties make a part—as that power, which is charged with the command and application of the public force."
With additional force, it might be said, that the executive is as much the executor as the interpreter of treaties: that if by virtue of the first character it is to judge of the obligations of treaties, it is by virtue of the second , equally authorised to carry those obligations into effect. Should there occur for example, a casus federis , claiming a military co-operation of the United States, and a military force should happen to be under the command of the executive, it must have the same right, as executor of public treaties to employ the public force, as it has in quality of interpreter of public treaties to decide whether it ought to be employed.
The case of a treaty of peace would be an auxiliary to comments of this sort. It is a condition annexed to every treaty that an infraction even of an important article, on one side extinguishes the obligations on the other: and the immediate consequence of a dissolution of a treaty of peace is a restoration of a state of war. If the executive is "to decide on the obligation of the nation with regard to foreign nations"—"to pronounce the existing condition (in the sense annexed by the writer) of the nation with regard to them; and to admonish the citizens of their obligations and duties as founded upon that condition of things "—"to judge what are the reciprocal rights and obligations of the United States, and of all and each of the powers at war;"—add, that if the executive moreover possesses all powers relating to war not strictly within the power to declare war , which any pupil of political casuistry, could distinguish from a mere reprise into a war, that had been declared : With this store of materials and the example given of the use to be made of them, would it be difficult to fabricate a power in the executive to plunge the nation into war,
whenever a treaty of peace might happen to be infringed?
But if any difficulty should arise, there is another mode chalked out by which the end might clearly be brought about, even without the violation of the treaty of peace; especially if the other party should happen to change its government at the crisis. The executive, in that case, could suspend the treaty of peace by refusing to receive an ambassador from the new government, and the state of war emerges of course .
This is a sample of the use to which the extraordinary publication we are reviewing, might be turned. Some of the inferences could not be repelled at all. And the least regular of them must go smoothly down with those, who had swallowed the gross sophistry which wrapped up the original dose.
Every just view that can be taken of this subject, admonishes the public, of the necessity of a rigid adherence to the simple, the received and the fundamental doctrine of the constitution, that the power to declare war including the power of judging of the causes of war is fully and exclusively vested in the legislature: that the executive has no right, in any case to decide the question, whether there is or is not cause for declaring war: that the right of convening and adjourning Congress, whenever such a question seems to call for a decision, is all the right which the constitution has deemed requisite or proper: and that for such more than for any other contingency, this right was specially given to the executive.
In no part of the constitution is more wisdom to be found than in the clause which confides the question of war or peace to the legislature, and not to the executive department. Beside the objection to such a mixture of heterogeneous powers: the trust and the temptation would be too great for any one man: not such as nature may offer as the prodigy of many centuries, but such as may be expected in the ordinary successions of magistracy. War is in fact the true nurse of executive aggrandizement. In war a physical force is to be created, and it is the executive will which is to direct it. In war the public treasures are to be unlocked, and it is the executive hand which is to dispense them. In war the honors and emoluments of office are to be multiplied; and it is the executive patronage under which they are to be enjoyed. It is in war, finally, that laurels are to be gathered, and it is the executive brow they are to encircle. The strongest passions, and most dangerous weaknesses of the human breast; ambition, avarice, vanity, the honorable or venial love of fame, are all in conspiracy against the desire and duty of peace.
Hence it has grown into an axiom that the executive is the department of power most distinguished by its propensity to war: hence it is the practice of all states, in proportion as they are free, to disarm this propensity of its influence.
As the best praise then that can be pronounced on an executive magistrate, is, that he is the friend of peace; a praise that rises in its value, as there may be a known capacity to shine in war: so it must be one of the most sacred duties of a free people, to mark the first omen in the society, of principles that may stimulate the hopes of other magistrates of another propensity, to intrude into questions on which its gratification depends. If a free people be a wise people also, they will not forget that the danger of surprise can never be so great, as when the advocates for the prerogative of war, can sheathe it in a symbol of peace.
The constitution has manifested a similar prudence in refusing to the executive the sole power of making peace. The trust in this instance also, would be too great for the wisdom, and the temptations too strong for the virtue, of a single citizen. The principal reasons on which the constitution proceeded in its regulation of the power of treaties, including treaties of peace, are so aptly furnished by the work already quoted more than once, that I shall borrow another comment from that source.
"However proper or safe it may be in a government where the executive magistrate is an hereditary monarch to commit to him the entire power of making treaties, it would be utterly unsafe and improper to entrust that power to an elective magistrate of four years duration. It has been remarked upon another occasion, and the remark is unquestionably just, that an hereditary monarch, though often the oppressor of his people, has personally too much at stake in the government to be in any material danger of being corrupted by foreign powers. But that a man raised from the station of a private citizen to the rank of chief magistrate, possessed of but a moderate or slender fortune, and looking forward to a period not very remote, when he may probably be obliged to return to the station from which he was taken, might sometimes be under temptations to sacrifice his duty to his interest, which it would require superlative virtue to withstand. An avaricious man might be tempted to betray the interests of
the state to the acquisition of wealth. An ambitious man might make his own aggrandizement, by the aid of a foreign power, the price of his treachery to his constituents.—The history of human conduct does not warrant that exalted opinion of human virtue, which would make it wise in a nation, to commit interests of so delicate and momentous a kind as those which concern its intercourse with the rest of the world, to the sole disposal of a magistrate, created and circumstanced, as would be a President of the United States."
I shall conclude this paper and this branch of the subject, with two reflections, which naturally arise from this view of the Constitution.
The first is, that as the personal interest of an hereditary monarch in the government, is the only security against the temptation incident to a commitment of the delicate and momentous interests of the nation which concern its intercourse with the rest of the world, to the disposal of a single magistrate, it is a plain consequence, that every addition that may be made to the sole agency and influence of the Executive, in the intercourse of the nation with foreign nations, is an increase of the dangerous temptation to which an elective and temporary magistrate is exposed; and an argument and advance towards the security afforded by the personal interests of an hereditary magistrate .
Secondly, As the constitution has not permitted the Executive solely to conclude or judge that peace ought to be made, it might be inferred from that circumstance alone, that it never meant to give it authority, solely , to judge and conclude that war ought not to be made. The trust would be precisely similar and equivalent in the two cases. The right to say that war ought not to go on, would be no greater than the right to say that war ought to begin. Every danger of error or corruption, incident to such a prerogative in one case, is incident to it in the other. If the Constitution therefore has deemed it unsafe or improper in the one case, it must be deemed equally so in the other case.
HELVIDIUS.
United States.
PROCEEDINGS relative to the PRESIDENT'S PROCLAMATION OF NEUTRALITY.
DUXBURY (Massachusetts)
AT a meeting of the inhabitants of the town of Duxbury, on Monday the 19th inst. a letter containing the doings of the merchants and others concerned in trade, residing in the town of Boston, was read, and also the Proclamation of the President of the United States, of the 22d of April last; and upon considering the same it was unanimously
Voted, That the said Proclamation of the President appears to us founded in wisdom, justice, and good policy; and calculated to promote the peace, interest, and happiness of our country.
Voted, That we will exert ourselves to expose to public view, and bring to legal punishment, all those who may pursue measures calculated to disturb the public tranquillity, or contravene those impartial principles of neutrality and good faith, towards the European nations at war, which it is both the interest and duty of the citizens of these United States to maintain inviolate.
Voted, That the Moderator of this meeting be requested to transmit a copy of the above votes to the Hon. Thomas Russell, Esq. President of the meeting of the merchants and others of the town of Boston, and to assure him that we received the communication of the doings of their meeting with satisfaction; and that we will most cheerfully unite with them in carrying the object of them into full and complete execution.
By order of the said meeting, JAMES BRADFORD, Moderator. August 20th, 1793.
GLOUCESTER (Mass.)
AT a meeting of the merchants and others, inhabitants of the town of Gloucester, in consequence of a circular letter from the merchants
and traders of the town of Boston, respecting the President's late Proclamation.—
DANIEL ROGERS, Esq. President.
Voted, That we consider the President's late Proclamation as the most salutary step that could have been adopted to secure the neutrality of the United States, during the present European contest, and preserve inviolate those sacred National Rights which are the grand basis of good government.
Voted, That we will exert our utmost endeavors to prevent a breach of such neutrality, and to bring to legal punishment the perpetrators of such breach, whose temerity shall tempt them to the commission of such conduct.
Voted, That we feel ourselves peculiarly interested in the support of the President's Proclamation, not only as citizens of the United States, but from our local situation, as thereby it tends to the establishment and protection of one of the grand staples of this Commonwealth, the Fishery of Massachusetts.
Voted, That a copy of the proceedings of this meeting be transmitted to Mr. Benjamin Russell, Editor of the Columbian Centinel, and request their publication.
A true copy from the Records, JOHN G. ROGERS, Sec'y. Gloucester, August 28, 1793.
PORTSMOUTH (New-Hamp.)
Agreeable to notification, for the purpose of considering of the President's Proclamation—declaring these United States neutral, in the present European war, the inhabitants of this town assembled, on the 28th ult. and passed the following resolutions:
Voted, That the inhabitants of this town do heartily approve of the Proclamation of the President of the Supreme Executive of the United States, warning all persons to refrain from violating the law of nations, and declaring the neutrality of the United States, and their disposition to observe a conduct friendly and impartial towards all the belligerent Powers.
2d. That in our opinion the President of the United States in issuing his Proclamation has acted in strict conformity to the nature and duties of his office, as the Executor of the Laws and Guardian of the Public Welfare, and thereby rendered essential service to the Public in general, and most seasonable relief to the Mercantile interest at a time when it was doubted in foreign ports whether our shipping would remain neutral or not.
3d. That we are determined to assist to the utmost of our ability the Government in maintaining the Neutrality and Peace of the United States, and will use our best endeavors to detect and bring to Justice all persons who by their acts and proceedings shall violate the Law of Nations, and endanger the Peace and Welfare of the Union.
4th. That we rely on the support and energy of the government of the United States, that our Navigation shall be freed from the present depredations and insults committed by the Powers at War—and that just compensation shall be made to those who have suffered by such unwarrantable conduct.
G. WENTWORTH, Town-Clerk.
CHESTERTOWN (Maryland)
At a meeting of the citizens of Kent county, in the State of Maryland, convened at the court house in this town, on the 31st day of August, for the purpose of declaring their sentiments relative to the Pro-

clamation of neutrality, issued by the President of the United States, the following unanimous resolutions were entered into:
James Lloyd in the Chair:
1st Resolved, That the citizens of Kent county are deeply impressed with a sense of the excellence of the government under which they have the happiness to live, and that they will use their best endeavors to support and maintain the said government.
2d. That they consider the preservation of the public peace as essentially necessary to the welfare and prosperity of the United States of America.
3d. That the Proclamation of neutrality, issued by the President of the United States, was dictated by wisdom and moderation; that it is perfectly consistent with our treaties with foreign nations, and promotive of the best interests of America.
4th. That we will exert our best endeavors to discountenance and prevent all infringements of the said neutrality.
5th. That we consider our fellow-citizen, George Washington, President of the United States of America, as deserving of the highest veneration and love of his country; equally great and useful in his present situation as formerly in the field, and whilst the whole tenor of his conduct proves him to have no views, no wishes, but for the public good, we think him justly entitled to the confidence of United America.
6th. That we will ever oppose all attempts of foreign nations, or their agents, to deprive our beloved fellow-citizen, the said President of the United States, of the love and esteem of his country.
7th. That the United States of America being, by the blessing of God, free and independent, it is our duty as good citizens, both with our lives and fortunes, to defend their freedom and independence, against all internal intrigue and cabal, as well as against all attacks from without.
8th. That the Chairman be requested to transmit a copy of these resolutions to the President of the United States.
JAMES LLOYD, Chairman.
RICHMOND (Virg.)
At a numerous meeting of the freemen of the county of King William, on the 29th day of August, 1793, in order to take into consideration the Proclamation of the President of the United States of America, it was unanimously the opinion of the said freemen,
THAT the conduct of the President in issuing his proclamation, was highly commendable; and a committee was appointed to draw up resolutions declarative of these sentiments, consisting of the following gentlemen:—Carter Braxton, jun. William Dan Claiborne, Drury Ragsdale, Robert Pollard, Benjamin Temple, John Roane, jun. John Warden, William F. Gaines, Thomas Nelson, Holt Richeson, Humphrey Brooke, George Braxton, and Francis Dandridge; whereupon the committee retired to prepare the same—and after some time spent therein, Mr. George Braxton reported, that the committee had formed the following resolutions, which were agreed to unanimously:
Resolved, That it is incumbent on America, and will be highly beneficial to her interest, to observe all treaties she may have entered into, with the strictest faith and most vigilant caution.
That whatever the wishes of Americans may be with respect to the event of the war, which now rages in Europe, it would be imprudent to take part with either of the belligerent powers.
That the proclamation of our beloved President of the United States, was well timed, and is highly approved of by this meeting; and that it displayed a parental watchfulness for the public good, which ought to endear him to every grateful citizen and virtuous mind.
That all attempts hitherto made to wound his character, so far from tarnishing the lustre of his political fame, have only stamped indelible disgrace on those who have made the attempt.
That the government of America possesses sufficient energy to procure domestic tranquility, which ought never to be disturbed by foreign influence.
That the freemen of the county of King William do most heartily approve of the firm and disinterested conduct of the President of the United States, in enjoining a strict neutrality towards the belligerent powers.
That all attempts of persons, not citizens of the United States, to interfere with their government, ought to meet with detestation.
By order of the meeting, N. BURWELL, Chairman. Test, Thomas Butler, jun. Sec.
MIDDLETOWN, (Conn.)
At a Town-Meeting of the Inhabitants of Middletown, legally warned, and holden on the fifth of September, 1793.
Matthew Talcott, Esq. Moderator. Bezaleel Fisk, Town Clerk.
IT appearing that the conduct of the Federal Executive has been charged with contravening the views of the people of America: And it being our right, as citizens of a free Republic, to express our opinion on public measures.
Resolved, That, in our opinion, the Proclamation of the President of the United States, reminding his fellow citizens of their obligations, to observe the equitable system of friendship and impartiality, towards the belligerent powers of Europe, was a seasonable and judicious measure, strictly within the line of his constitutional duty—a proof of his vigilant and enlightened patriotism, and merits the approbation of the people.
Resolved, That while the United States are at peace with the European powers, it is a contravention of the duty of good citizens, to commit acts of hostility, which may involve the community in the general calamity of war; and for any American citizen to enter on board a foreign privateer and rob the peaceful merchant on the high sea, is a species of piracy which deserves the punishment of the law, as well as the detestation of the friends to honest industry.
Resolved, That in the present juncture of affairs, it highly interests the infant republic of the United States, to support their own constitutional officers; and that the President, having through a long course of years given decisive evidence of his patriotic merit, and being called to his present office by the unanimous suffrages of a free and independent nation, has a just title to the confidence and support of all his fellow citizens.
Resolved, That the preceding resolutions be inserted in the Middlesex Gazette.
A true Extract. Test, BEZALEEL FISK, Town Clerk.
NEW HAVEN (Connecticut.)
Letter from the President of the United States, to the Mayor of the City of New-Haven.
Philadelphia, August 24, 1793.
SIR, I RECEIVE with great satisfaction the patriotic resolutions of the citizens of New-Haven, which were transmitted to me in your letter of the 20th inst. and I can with truth assure them, that to receive the approbation of my fellow citizens, I consider as my greatest glory, as to deserve it will ever be by constant study.
If the measures of government, approved and supported by the virtuous citizens of the United States, can secure to our country, in the present critical times, a continuance of peace and the enjoyment of its attendant blessings, which we have as it were but begun to taste, I shall feel amply compensated for the many anxious moments which I have
lately experienced on account of our welfare; and we shall have fresh cause of gratitude to the great Ruler of events for his preserving goodness.
G. WASHINGTON. SAMUEL BISHOP, Esquire, Mayor of the city of New-Haven.
YORK, (Pennf.) Sept. 11.
The Judges of the Court of Common Pleas, the Grand Jurors for the County of York, and a respectable meeting of the inhabitants of the Borough and County, convened at the Court-house, to consult on the propriety of giving to the public a manifestation of their accordance with, and most cordial approbation of the advice and injunctions contained in the late Proclamation of the President of the United States, "exhorting the citizens of this country to a strict neutrality towards the European belligerent powers."
Resolved, That at this important period, we hold silence on the interesting question of national peace or war, to be a failure in our duty as citizens, and that war in all instances, ought by every due means to be avoided, and that he who entertains a different doctrine, is an enemy to human happiness.
That although we highly approve the exertion of a great nation, in the assertion of their rights, yet we cannot perceive that our interference in their favor, would promote the cause of general liberty.
That under this impression, we would consider any other conduct towards the powers at war, than what is neutral, as tending to injure the interests of the Union at large, and this State in an especial manner.
Resolved, That we hold the most scrupulous adherence to neutrality of conduct, as a duty we owe to ourselves and our country, and as the soundest wisdom, and the best policy of this nation.
Resolved, That we cannot but think that the President of the United States has, by his late Proclamation, shewn himself, once more, the friend of mankind, and the counsellor of his country's peace. And that we will by every possible effort, give energy to his Proclamation, and support to his constitutional authority.
Resolved, That the foregoing resolutions be published.
Signed by order of the meeting, HENRY MILLER, Chairman. Test, S. RIDDLE, Sec'y. September 5.
GEORGE-TOWN, Sept. 7.
Twenty-five managers are appointed under oath, to superintend the drawing of the Hotel Lottery, to commence on Monday next, their names are as follows:
  Wm. Deakins, Marsham Warring,   Benj. Snodder, Wm. Robertson,   S. Blodget, Col. Fitzgerald,   Urial Forreft, James Lingan,   Notley Young, Thomas Peter,   Brook Beall, Thomas Cramphin,   Daniel Carroll, of Phil. R. Fendall,   Duddington, Col. Gilpin,   Peter Casanave, Robert Peter,   John Gantt, James Fenwick,   Sam. Davidson, John Mason,   Nich. Lingan, Francis Lowndes,   Ig. Fenwick, William Digges. 
Not less than three are to attend at the commencement, and the rest are to serve in rotation, till the drawing is completed.
CITY OF WASHINGTON.
The Capitol is in progression, the south-east corner is yet kept vacant; that corner Stone is to be laid with the assistance of the brotherhood, the 18th inst. Those of the craft however dispersed are requested to join the work, the solemnity is expected to equal the occasion; the preceding day the sale of the lots in the city commences. The inhabitants on both sides of Patowmac will attend to their interest—theirs and that of the Union are the same: the first story of the Hotel is expected to be up by that time, and the lottery for that elegant building will be then drawing—Numbers are expected from the extreme parts of the Continent, and if Nature, Beauty and Solidity can please they will be gratified.
The inhabitants of the City of Washington are remarkably healthy.
PETERSBURG, Sept. 3.
At a late election in the county of Beaufort, North-Carolina, for members of the House of Commons of that State, a riot took place, at the time of counting out the ballots, in consequence of the election being likely to terminate against the will of the rioters—Near the close of the poll a general battle ensued, in which the ballot box was taken possession of, and destroyed.
BOSTON, Sept. 4.
A correspondent would ask, whether it is consistent with any principles of neutrality or truth, to brand a whole nation, from which Americans are descended, as a "set of pirates who would disgrace Algiers?"
Brave men of every nation, and of every principle, ever have a respect for each other—Thus the intrepid Captain Bompard has been known to have given his antagonist in the late engagement, the praise due to his acknowledged bravery—How different is this honorable deportment from the conduct of the witlings and the poetasters of the day!
The fortune of war is precarious—and no more discredit falls to the share of the Boston, than to the Cleopatra—Both lost their commanders, and both were unsuccessful. And the generous mind would as much despise the sarcasms of an English Sinbat , as it doth that of the Philadelphian .
A correspondent informs us, that there are now building in this Commonwealth, near an hundred sail of vessels, from 150 to 800 tons burthen—a great number of which will be launched this autumn.
The Trustees of the Humane Society, at their meeting, for the month of August, gave a reward of Ten Dollars, to Messrs. John Whitney and Luke Morse, for rescuing Mr. James Ryan, of Roxbury, from the most imminent danger of drowning, when bathing in the Mill-Creek of that town, on the 30th June, with five or six others.
We hear with pleasure, the still encreasing state of our UNIVERSITY;—more have entered this year than at any time since its foundation.—There are now at Cambridge as many students as would fill another building as large as Hollis. One of our correspondents queries, whether, if the General Court should decline giving the necessary assistance towards erecting another building, it might not be effected by Subscription? There are about 60 Youths crowded into private houses in Cambridge, because there is no room within the walls, and several who have been examined obliged to quit the University because they cannot bear the expense of living in private houses. Our correspondent is of opinion, that an additional building for our studious youth, is almost as necessary at this time, as a new Theatre in the metropolis.
PITTSBURGH, Sept. 7.
By the arrival of some persons from Fort Washington on Monday last, we are informed, that the Indians still continue hovering about the out garrisons, and occasionally stealing horses;—that the army is in high spirits, anxiously waiting the event of the treaty, and hoping that a campaign will take place, as no idea of peace is entertained by any one—that the greatest pains have been taken by the commander in chief, in training his men in the art of wood fighting, and that from their proficiency, and the unanimity prevailing throughout the whole army, success may be expected should a campaign take place.
NEW-YORK, Sept. 11.
Last Friday the Court of Oyer and Terminer, held for this State in West-Chester County, passed sentence of death on John Ryer, for the murder of Isaac Smith, late deputy Sheriff in said county. He is to be executed on the second of October next.

PARIS, July 2.
By a letter from Marseilles, dated 26th June, we are informed, that the 32 sections having been made acquainted with the decree by which the Popular Tribunal had been outlawed, had taken an oath to support the said Tribunal. The Administrators of Gironde, Gard, and the High Alps, have sworn unity with the Sections of Marseilles, and communicated to them the measures which their different departments had taken.
The Royalists have not made any movements since their action with General Westerman. The prisoners taken at Parthenay have been sent to Niort. There is no news from the army in Tours, nor has it quitted its state of inaction.
Last Tuesday all the Municipal Officers, dressed in their official scarfs, having copied into the records of the Council General, the Laws, relative to the New Constitution, repaired in procession to all the Sections of the Capital, to proclaim the opening of the Primary Assemblies, and to present the New Constitution to the people.
Henriot has obtained a decisive majority of votes, and is returned Provisional Commandant General of the Parisian National Forces.
LONDON, July 15.
The important fortress of Conde, now in the possession of the Allies is one of the strongest towns in the province of Hainault; it is situated near the confluence of the Haine, and the Scheldt, seven miles from Valenciennes, and 117 from Paris.
The primary Assemblies are convened for the acceptance of the Constitution, of which a variety of false copies and parodies have already made their appearance. The Convention have therefore decreed pain of death against every printer and seller, who shall circulate another copy, but that emanated from the Convention.
Reparations for making the next campaign are already determined on. The War-Office has given notice that as soon as the Guards and the other regiments from which draughts have been made, shall be completed, new regiments will be raised, and they have fortunately received a number of offers. They do not expect to get them, as heretofore, from the Highlands of Scotland. The wilderness of the present day is a manufacturing town.
FROM THE FEDERAL GAZETTE.
GENTLEMEN,
MOTIVES of humanity and friendship to the citizens of Philadelphia, induce me to address to you this letter, in the hope that it may be in some degree instrumental in diminishing the present prevailing calamity. It is natural to be afflicted not only at the mortality which is said to obtain, but at the consequences of that undue panic which is fast depopulating the city, and suspending business both public and private.
I have myself been attacked with the reigning putrid fever, and with violence—but I trust that I am now completely out of danger. This I am to attribute, under God, to the skill and care of my friend Doctor Stevens, a gentleman lately from the island of St. Croix, one to whose talents I can attest, from an intimate acquaintance begun in early youth, whose medical opportunities have been of the best, and who has had the advantage of much experience both in Europe (having been in Edinburgh some years since, when the same fever raged there) and in the West-Indies, where it is frequent. His mode of treating the disorder varies essentially from that which has been generally practised—And I am persuaded, when pursued, reduces it to little more than ordinary hazard.
I know him so well, that I entertain no doubt, that he will freely impart his ideas to you, collectively or individually, and being in my own person a witness to the efficacy of his plan, I venture to believe, that if adopted, and if the courage of the citizens can be roused, many lives will be saved, and much ill prevented. I may add, that as far as can be yet pronounced, its efficacy has been alike proved on Mrs. Hamilton, who is now in the disorder, contracted from me, with every favourable appearance.
In giving you this information, gentlemen, I have done what I thought discharging a duty. I only add, that if any conference with Doctor Stevens, is desired, that he is going to-morrow to New-York, from which journey he has been detained several days, on my account.
I am, Gentlemen, with respect, Your obedient servant, A. HAMILTON.
September 14.
Philadelphia, Sept. 14.
We are informed that the disorder which has prevailed in this city for some time past, begins to assume a less malignant appearance than has heretofore been the case—That it yields more kindly to the force of medical applications—and, though great numbers of persons are sick, yet the mortality is diminishing fast. There can be no doubt on the mind of any reflecting person, that the great changes in the weather which have recently taken place, occasion as many complaints, as any other cause whatever.—This consideration should serve to dissipate the fears and apprehensions of those who may be attacked with slight disorders, as these may be nothing more than the annual Fall Fevers, the cause of which, being so fully known to the faculty, the indisposition is susceptible of almost certain cure.
According to a list published of the births and deaths in the several religious societies of Philadelphia, it appears that from August 1, 1792, to August 1, 1793, the Births amounted to 2511, and the Deaths to 1497.
Captain Bompard is promoted to the command of the Jupiter of 74 guns, and has 600 men already enrolled.—The Eole is now a Flag Ship, and commanded by M. Sercey.
The British Packet, Queen Charlotte, arrived at New-York the 10th inst. She left Falmouth the 10th July—and has therefore bro't nothing new.
The Boston Frigate, according to a letter dated Halifax, the 26th August, published in the New-York papers, is arrived at Halifax.
A private letter from Bourdeaux, dated 10th June, 1793, signed PITEY, gives an account, that on the 8th of that month, in an action with the French near Bayonne, the Spaniards left on the ground 4566 men dead, 1900 prisoners, and nearly as many wounded—while the French lost only 79 killed, and 114 wounded.—The Spaniards were ambuscaded.
[It is remarkable that this affair is not mentioned in any public account that has appeared—tho' Paris articles to the 10th July, a month after, have been published.]
According to a Journal of the Siege of Valenciennes, from the first to the seventh of July inclusive, the loss of the besiegers by the fire of the French, was 55 killed, and 205 wounded.
The AMERICAN UNIVERSAL GEOGRAPHY, by Mr. Morse, has made its appearance, in two handsome octavo volumes, of 553 pages each. This work is now selling in the principal Book-stores on the Continent. It contains information necessary for all—the history of the European and other States and kingdoms, is brought down to the latest period—that of France, to the death of Louis XVI.—and a greater variety of the most interesting facts & original discoveries respecting our own country, are to be found therein, than perhaps in any work hitherto published.
COMMUNICATIONS.
A writer in a late Virginia paper, who appears to be nettled at the spontaneous effusions of patriotism on the part of the people, in their public approbation of the measures pursued by the President of the United States, to preserve the peace of this country, proposes that meetings of the people should be called, to counteract what has been done by the people. Another writer in another quarter suggests the propriety of the people's being silent while the flukes of slander in the assumed name of the people, flow with the most intemperate abuse against their government and its administration.—Another g. nius from the same quarter, says, that a declaration in favor of the Proclamation of neutrality is necessarily connected with an avowal of sentiments hostile to the liberties of France. When such ideas are resorted to and held up as inducements to the people to despise their own government, the enemies of peace must be reduced to the most deplorable poverty of argument.
The worst idea that can be associated with government to render it odious, aristocracy , is perpetually exhibited in the foreground of all the declamations against the Constitution and government of the United States.—If the people silently and cheerfully submit to the legislative proceedings of Congress—they are addressed as the supine and passive dupes of aristocracy —if they are roused by open and daring attacks on their sovereignty, on the characters of their freely elected civil rulers, and on the measures of their government from which they derive the most solid blessings—if they presume under these circumstances to express their indignation against the disturbers of their peace, and to say that their country is happy—happy in the enjoyment of the blessings of government laws and freedom—we are told that such declarations are produced by "the wild and savage appetite of aristocracy."
Nothing is more evident than this, that the inveterate enemies of the Constitution of the United States are enemies to all government whatever—for no government that can be seen, felt, or understood, let its administration be ever so salutary, can possibly escape the censure of those who censure the people for supporting a system which their own hands have reared—and for expressing the honest feelings of their hearts, when they are happy.
In all revolutions of government, it so happens that a considerable proportion of worthless and unprincipled men are brought forward into conspicuous situations—but as information and experience, whatever source they may be derived from, are important; essential truths may often be extracted from sources not the most often and honorable—If, however, it should unfortunately happen that such characters ac-
quire a preponderating influence, and at length constitute the majority—it almost invariably follows that the public good "goes by the wall"—for there is nothing more certain than this, that the general interest is always a secondary consideration, with men of no principles. The foregoing remarks will be found justified by a recurrence to ancient and modern transactions.
No professions therefore should ever induce the people to place their confidence in persons, whose principles and practices evince that right and wrong, truth and falsehood are synonymous terms, as they respectively comport with their immediate and personal advantage.
The pseudo-patriots of the day, having been completely foiled by the people in their attempts to scatter fire-brands, arrows and death, thro' the United States, now shift their ground of attack, and from attacking the servants of the people, they attack the people themselves; excepting this new topic, the mill of sedition has for some time past been employed in grinding old stuff over again.
NEW-YORK, Sept. 12.
Yesterday arrived here the ship Active, Capt. Seaman, in 41 days from Liverpool:—She brings no later papers or news, than we have had lately by Capt. Harvey, and others from London.—Passengers arrived in the Active:
 Mr. James Renwick of this city, Merchant.  Mr. Black, of Liverpool.  Mr. Brierly, of Manchester.  Mr. Gray, of Glasgow. 
And about 40 other passengers, mechanics, &c. men women and children.
The passengers inform us, that the failures are in a great measure lost, and that trade is going on with usual facility and industry.
Extract of a letter from London, dated July, 1793, to a friend here.
"In such esteem is Charles Fox held for his patriotic services, that the most generous subscription ever made for any man took place on last week at the London Tavern, in order to relieve him in his present embarrassed state of finances, and, at the same time, the greatest delicacy used, that he might not be hurt in his feelings on the occasion.—Some subscribed 3,000l. and no man less than 100l. by which his debts were honorably discharged, an annuity of 3,000l. per annum purchased for him and a present made to him of 20,000l. to begin the world anew.—A clear proof, that no nation is so generous in rewarding true virtue as the British nation."
From the SOUTHERN CENTINEL. Printed at Augusta, Georgia.
WERE we (says a correspondent) to hazard an opinion on the politics of Philadelphia, by papers published in that city, the inference would be, that, in one instance excepted, there is not the smallest difference between the Jacobins of Philadelphia and those of Paris. It is true they have committed no murders or horrid acts of cruelty (the pride and glory of the French Jacobins) but how often have they attempted to blast and murder the character of our beloved President: And for what? Because he would not suffer a set of desperadoes, the rubbish of all nations, to involve the United States in a war, by arming and fitting out vessels in our ports—because he would not raise an immense army, to drive Governor Simcoe and a handful of British troops from the western posts—because, in short, he would not bring all the horrors of war on his country, to satisfy the views of a few discontented, factious individuals. Those who give implicit belief to the torrent of abuses daily poured out against him, ought dispassionately to reflect on his past services. They ought to know—they ought to be well assured, that the man, who under divine Providence snatched his country from slavery, will not be instrumental in its destruction.—Since the unanimous voice of his fellow-citizens called him into public life, his character has stood unsullied; nor is it in the power of anonymous revilers to tarnish it, whilst one spark of liberty remains unextinguished in the breast of an American.
The following is a copy of the Senate's answer to the Governor's address to both Houses of the Legislature, at the opening of the present session.
SIR, THE Senate of Pennsylvania unite with you in declaring, that every just and constitutional exertion to maintain the dignity of our government, and to prevent a participation in the war, which unhappily exists at this time in Europe, deserves the approbation of every patriotic citizen; and with equal sincerity we acknowledge a high sense of the vigilant attention which you have manifested as well as in the important interests of the federal government, as to the particular interests of Pennsylvania. We assure you, Sir, that a candid interpretation will be given to every measure of your administration, and that whatever is calculated at this critical period, to preserve the blessings of peace, to establish the national character, and to insure harmony and order, will receive as its merits, our approbation and sanction. We lament, however, that the present session will probably be so short, as to prevent our engaging in a full consideration of the various subjects of your address; but we are confident that at a future period, they will receive all the attention which is due to their importance.
SAMUEL POWELL, Speaker of the Senate.
DEATHS.
Died, on the 9th inst. at his seat near Wright's Ferry, on the Susquehanna, the Hon. WILLIAM AUGUSTUS ATLEE, Esquire, President of the Courts of Common Pleas of West-Chester, Lancaster, York and Dauphin Counties.
In this City, M. DUPONT, Consul of the French Republic.—Mr. — WRIGHT, Limner.—Mr. — WISTON, School-Master.
EXTRACT,
From the MARYLAND HERALD.
"Whoever suffers his memory to revolve over the historic annals of the world, must observe an involuntary sigh, when he thinks on the instability of the systems of human government.—How soon those, which were supposed by the philanthropists of the age, to be the best modes of promoting the happiness of society after the temporary duration of a few centuries, have sunk into the gulph of time, and scarcely left a trace behind!—The Patriarchal Family—Power,—the ancient Dynasties of Egypt, the mighty Democracies of Greece, and the powerful republic of Rome; have long since existed only in the pages of historians. What mortal then shall say in his heart, I will sit down, and carve out a government, against which the storms of tyranny or anarchy shall beat in vain."
Very little attention having been paid to the earnest solicitations of the Editor that Subscribers in arrears for the Gazette, would make payment—he is obliged to repeat his request.—It is with the greatest regret that he is compelled to inform his numerous Subscribers, that the publication must be discontinued in a month from this date, unless those arrearages should, in the mean time, be remitted him.
Philad. Sept. 14, 1793.
SHIP NEWS.
ARRIVED at the PORT of PHILADELPHIA.
 Ship Tuftam, Daily, London-Derry  Dispatch, Hathaway, Corunna  Dominick Terry, Deheart, London  General Lincoln, Joy, Bourdeaux  Phoebe, Luckey, Copenhagen  Brig Dichosa, P'Jarsa, Cadiz  Baron-de-Caren-delet, Wilson, N. Orleans  Salome, Waffon, Havre-de-Grace  Aurora, O'Brien, Dingle, Ireland  Betsey, Stone, Port-au-Prince  Cadiz  Schr. Elizabeth, Philips, Cape-Francois 
Wanted,
IN A CENTRAL PART OF THE CITY, A LARGE Convenient House. Enquire of the EDITOR.
To be Sold
AT PRIVATE SALE.
A Valuable Lot of 16
Acres of LAND, lying on the great road leading from Princeton to Trenton, 1 1/2 miles from Princeton; with a tan-yard, bark-house, beam-house and currying-shop, a never failing stream of water running through the same; a good dwelling-house, with an entry and two rooms on the lower floor, and three on the upper floor; a kitchen adjoining, with a cellar under the whole, and a well of water at the door; also, 170 bearing apple-trees, and two or three acres of watered meadow. There will be an indisputable title given. Any person inclining to purchase, may know the terms of sale by applying to the Subscriber on the premises.
MATTHEW CLARKE.
September 14, 1793.
(cp4w)
George-Town, (PATOWMAC)
September 9, 1793.
THE Commissioners of the Federal Buildings having received only one or two days previous to the time appointed for the commencement of the drawing of the Washington Hotel Lottery, information that a number of Tickets which had been deposited for sale in the hands of persons at a distance, were still unsold; and there being no fund established to pay any loss that might be sustained by keeping these tickets at the risk of the City, they (the Commissioners) determined to defer the drawing until they could be all sold.
Under these circumstances, a number of gentlemen of this town, and the City of Washington, formed themselves into a company, and took upon themselves all the tickets remaining on hand, on the express condition agreed on by the Commissioners, that the drawing of the Lottery should absolutely commence on the 23d instant, and be continued without interruption.
The Subscribers have been appointed a committee to manage the concerns of this company, which was formed on public, not private motives—And in pursuance of their instructions, they now inform the public, that Tickets will be deposited with the following gentlemen:
 G. Scott, Baltimore Town; J. Davidson, Annapolis; D. Crawford, Upper Marlboro'; B. Lowndes, Bladensburg; B. Turner, Portobacco; J. Wilkinson, Calvert County; J. Fenwick, St. Mary's County; G. Murdock, Frederick Town; H. Clagett, Hager's Town; M. Waring, George Town; W. Herbert, Alexandria; W. Thompson, Colchester; J. Mufchett, Dumfries; R. Patton, Fredericksburg; T. Mason, Richmond; Campbell and Whaler, Peterburgh; Sam. Love, Newgate— 
Who will sell the same until Saturday the 21st inst. at the original price of 7 dollars.
If, contrary to the expectations of the company, any of their Tickets should remain unsold when the drawing commences, a necessary attention to save themselves from loss, will compel them to take advantage of the rise in price, which will certainly then take place.
 B. STODDERT,  J. MASON,  J. M. LINGAN,  M. WARING,  T. PETER. 
N. B. The Managers are to forward, daily, to the Post-offices of each of the principal towns on the continent, an accurate list of each day's drawing; the blanks, as well as prizes, will be contained in these lists, in order that no one may be imposed on by any sale or purchase of drawn tickets during the drawing.

From the MARYLAND HERALD.
PARTY-WRITERS are in general to be cautiously read—In a great crisis, like that of the spring 1776, they are more sincerely devoted on each side to what appears to be the truth. In times of quiet they are generally contemptible and dangerous. The liberty of the press, that glorious right of free citizens, will naturally inspire a vain man or a restless and visionary one, with the ambition of distinction. A vain man, if he can write at all, when he has once successfully ventured, becomes oracular, dogmatic & troublesome—His insolence grows with his vanity, and from the facility with which he can attack the conduct of government, or of those who fill its trusts, the opinion of his own consequence increases—He hugs himself in the belief that as he can wound, he is considered as formidable. The last knowledge perhaps that such a man acquires, is the knowledge of himself. In his vain and selfish indulgence, he flatters himself into the idea that he understands most subjects well enough to write on them with force and acuteness—Were such a man asked whether he had devoured himself to the best authors—and digested their learning by reflection—Whether he had long endeavored to cleanse his own mind—to rectify its defects—to ameliorate his affections, and to gain that philosophical tranquillity which is so necessary to the discernment of abstract truth—his conversation and his habits of life would answer for him, if he had not honesty enough to tell you—No, he has not studied long or well. An intimate knowledge of all that others have laboriously investigated would have inspired him with modesty—He would learn in the revolution of opinions, for ages, a diffidence of his own—and he would amiably be disposed to caution, and to repress his contempt for the opinions of others. A rectitude of understanding, had he cultivated it, would have corrected that restless vanity and disposition to obtuseness which mark a haste to write or to speak dogmatically; and had he obtained tranquillity of mind, things would appear in their true shapes, and his discerning faculties would have been invigorated. Under this temper, a thousand things that spur on the vain and the foolish into error and heat, would appear unimportant and unworthy enquiry.
In the country, men certainly think with more correctness, and possess a more vigorous share of common sense, than in crowded cities—in them the sciences generally flourish most—but the moral and political qualities of men and of government, are perhaps best felt and studied in the country, than amidst the great mass of the people—Large commercial cities can scarcely be classed as of any one nation in particular—they are generally composed of people from a great many nations—such are Philadelphia, N. York, &c.—There foreigners easily obtain a footing and are caressed—Scarcely are they warmed into suppleness by the genial climate of freedom, but they feel a disposition to meddle with the concerns of government—They find their importance increased (in their own imagination) by an alliance with some faction which they may happen to find; and such is the miserable malignity of faction, that, like a gangrene, it assimilates every thing within its sphere to its own putrid character—It eagerly embraces any man of any country, or any character who will insist in its views. The liberty of the press is the sacred right of the citizens of this country—it is a high and most illustrious privilege which no man who is not a citizen is here intitled to. Permit foreigners to use and to abuse this privilege, and the sober part of the community at a distance, who cannot possibly know the writer, may and will be exposed to the machinations of foreign emissaries.—Such foreigners (and no citizen can be a foreigner) and temporary resi-
dents, ought to remember that a free and wise nation have long since given us an example in point—we have successfully imitated the Athenians in the glorious pursuit of liberty—and surpassed them. We may perhaps feel justified in reviving some of their laws, if foreigners cast the first stone. The citizens of this country ought to be too proud of their country and its government, to bear with patience the meddling obtrusiveness of any man who has not the honour of being a citizen of the United States. The French and English writers at Philadelphia must be quiet—and not attempt to disturb the peace of this happy country.
TO THE PUBLIC.
THE EDITOR proposes to continue the publication of the GAZETTE OF THE UNITED STATES, for distant circulation, after the first of December next, on the following terms, viz.
It shall be published on WEDNESDAYS and SATURDAYS, on paper of the Medium size—which is larger than the present.
The price, Three Dollars per annum, exclusive of postage.
Subscriptions to be received by the respective Post-Masters throughout the Union, or such other persons as may be proper to collect them.
The papers to be forwarded by post twice a week. No packets to contain less than six papers—and no subscriptions to be received for a less term than six months.—Payments to be constantly six months in advance.—Twenty per cent. deduction from the price of the Gazette, will be allowed to those who collect and forward the subscription money, free of expense, in full of all charges for their trouble in the business.
The publication will contain as usual, a variety of original essays—foreign and domestic intelligence, and a summary of the proceedings of the Legislature of the Union, &c. &c.—Attention will be paid to dispatching the papers with punctuality, and Subscribers may depend on receiving them as regularly, as the posts arrive.
June 8.
ADVERTISEMENT.
NEW-JERSEY. } BY virtue of a Writ to me directed, issued out of the High Court of Chancery of New-Jersey, at the suit of William Shipley against John Ming and others; I shall expose to sale at Public Vendue, on the sixteenth day of February next, between the hours of Twelve and Five in the Afternoon of the same day, on the Premises, the following described Tract of Land, with its appurtenances, situate in the Township of Oxford and County of Sussex, beginning at a Chestnut Oak Tree, corner of Daniel Cox's land, and standing in the line of a former survey made to Thomas Stevenson, being marked with the letter B, and thence extending along Cox's line (first) south fifty degrees west fifty-five chains and seventy-five links, to a Black-Oak Tree corner of Joseph Shippen's land (second) south nine degrees and fifteen minutes, west ninety chains and sixty-five links to a forked White-Oak Tree, marked with the letters R and B another of the said Shippen's corners (third) thence north eighty degrees, east one hundred and forty-five chains, to a post on the southerly side of Paquonack-River, being also a corner of John Reading's land (fourth) thence north thirty-nine degrees west, one hundred and thirty-two chains to the place of beginning, containing nine hundred and thirty acres with the usual allowance for roads and high ways—The same Premises are within eight miles of the River Delaware, and there is thereon a convenient Grist Mill with two pair of Stones—a Saw Mill in good repair, with a sufficient stream of water for their use—a Dwelling House, Store House, and several small buildings.
MARK THOMPSON, Sheriff.
Dated 22nd day of July, 1793
THIS DAY IS PUBLISHED, By THOMAS DOBSON, At the Stone House, No. 41, South Second-Street,
Medical Transactions
OF THE College of Physicians
Of Philadelphia:
VOLUME I. PART I.
Price in boards One Dollar.
Also lately published by T. Dobson, DR. UNDERWOOD'S TREATISE On the diseases of Children, with general directions for the management of infants from the birth, adapted both for the use of Medical Practitioners and private Families.
TWO VOLUMES IN ONE.
Price one dollar neatly bound.
FOR SALE, BY MATHEW CAREY, At his Store, No. 118, Market-Street, PHILADELPHIA.
THE AMERICAN MUSEUM, from its commencement in January, 1787, to its termination in December, 1792, in twelve volumes, price, neatly bound and lettered, nineteen dollars and one fifth.
The opinion of the President of the United States, respecting this work, is as follows:
"I believe the American Museum has met with extensive, I may say, with universal approbation from competent judges; for I am of opinion, that the work is not only eminently calculated to disseminate political, agricultural, philosophical, and other valuable information; but that it has been uniformly conducted with taste, attention, and propriety. If to these important objects be superadded the more immediate design of rescuing public documents from oblivion—I will venture to pronounce, as my sentiment, THAT A MORE USEFUL LITERARY PLAN HAS NEVER BEEN UNDERTAKEN IN AMERICA, OR ONE MORE DESERVING OF PUBLIC ENCOURAGEMENT."
June 5.
War Department,
August 1st, 1793.
INFORMATION is hereby given to all the Military Invalids of the United States, that the sums to which they are intitled for six months of their annual pension, from the 4th day of March last, and which will become due on the 5th of September next, will be paid on the said day by the Commissioners of the Loans, within the States respectively under the usual regulations.
By Command of the
PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES.
H. KNOX, Secretary at War.
N. B. The Printers in the respective States are requested to publish the above in their newspapers for the space of two months.
Treasury Department,
August 10, 1793.
NOTICE is hereby given, that Proposals will be received at the Office of the Secretary of the Treasury, until the 14th day of September next inclusive, to furnish by contract the following articles of Clothing, for the use of the United States, viz.
 4,800 Hats,  5,120 Stock,  5,120 Stock-Clasps,  20,480 Shirts,  5,120 Vests,  5,120 Coats,  9,600 Woollen Overall,  9,600 Linen ditto,  19,200 pairs of Shoe,  9,600 pairs of Socks,  5,120 Blankets,  320 Caps,  320 pairs of Leather Breeches,  640 pairs of Boots,  320 pairs of Spurs,  640 pairs of Stockings,  1,200 Rifle Shirts. 
The clothing to be delivered at the city of Philadelphia; one fourth part of the whole number of suits on or before the 15th of February, one fourth on or before the 15th of April, and the remaining half on or before the 15th of June, 1794.
The articles must be agreeably to such patterns as shall be directed by the Secretary for the Department of War. Payment will be made as soon as the whole of the articles shall have been delivered. ept148.
Treasury Department,
August 27, 1793.
NOTICE is hereby given that proposals will be received until the 15th day of October next, inclusive, by David Henly at Knoxville, in the Territory South West of the Ohio, for the supply of all rations which may be required for the use of the United States, from the first day of January to the thirty-first day of December, 1794, both days inclusive, at the places, and within the districts hereafter mentioned, viz.
 1. At any place or places from the mouth of the River Tennessee to Ocochoppo or Bear Creek, on the said River inclusively.  2. At any place or places from the mouth of the river Cumberland to Nashville, on the said river, and at Nashville.  3. At any place or places within thirty miles of said Nashville to the southward, westward or northward thereof.  4. At Bledsoe's Lick, or any place or places between the said Lick and Nashville.  5. At any place or places from Bledsoe's Lick to the crossing of Cumberland river, along the new Trace, at or near the great Salt Lick, and at the said crossing place over Cumberland river.  6. At any place or places along the said trace, from the crossing of Cumberland river to the mouth of Clinch river, and at the said mouth of Clinch river.  7. At any place or places between the said mouth of Clinch and Knoxville, and at Knoxville.  8. At any place or places on the north-western frontiers of Washington and Hamilton districts, in the Territory South of the Ohio, from the mouth of Clinch to the Virginia line.  9. At any place or places on the southern frontiers of the said districts of Washington and Hamilton.  10. At any other place or places in the territory South of the Ohio, not herein mentioned. 
The rations to be supplied are to consist of the following articles, viz.
 One pound of bread or flour,  One pound of beef, or 3/4 of a pound of pork,  Half a jill of brandy, rum or whisky,  One quart of salt,  Two quarts of vinegar,  Two pounds of soap } per 100 rations.  One pound of candles } 
The rations are to be furnished in such quantities, as that there shall at all times, during the said term, be sufficient for the consumption of the troops at each fort or other stationary post, which is or may be established for the space of at least three months in advance, in good and wholesome provisions, if the same shall be required.
It is to be understood in each case, that all losses sustained by the depredations of the enemies, or by means of the troops of the United States, shall be paid for at the prices of the articles captured or destroyed, on the depositions of two or more credible characters, and the certificate of a commissioned officer, ascertaining the circumstances of the loss, and the amount of the articles for which compensation is claimed.
Those who may become proposers are requested to transmit without delay to the Secretary of the Treasury duplicates of their proposals.
The proposals will be decided upon at Knoxville aforesaid, where the said David Henly will make known the offer which is accepted, and will conclude the contract.
P L A N S
OF THE
City of Washington,
Sold by the BOOKSELLERS, DOBSON, CAREY, YOUNG, & CRUKSHANK.
To the Public.
THE EDITOR of the GAZETTE OF THE UNITED STATES, proposes publishing the Paper, under that Title, every Evening, Sunday's excepted.
To render it interesting as a Daily Publication, it shall contain foreign and domestic, commercial and political Intelligence:—Essays and Observations, local and general:—Maritime information:—Prices Current of Merchandise and the Public Funds. Also a summary of the proceedings of Congress, and of the Legislature of this State:—with a sketch of Congressional Debates, &c.
ADVERTISING favors will be gratefully received.
TERMS.
To be printed on paper of the demy size; but a larger size shall be substituted in December next.
The price Six Dollars per Annum, to be paid half Yearly.
When a sufficient number of Subscribers is obtained, the Publication shall commence.
In the interim, the Gazette will be published twice a week as usual.—Subscriptions are respectfully solicited by the Public's humble servant,
JOHN FENNO.
Subscriptions are received at the City Tavern, South Second Street—by Mr. Dobson, at the Stone House—by other persons who are in possession of Subscription papers, and by the Editor, at his house, No. 33, North Fifth-Street.
THE EDITOR
MOST earnestly requests those of his distant Subscribers who are in arrears for the Gazette, to make payment as soon as possible.—Those persons who have received Subscription money on his account are desired to remit the same. The arrearages for the Gazette have accumulated to a serious amount—Serious, as they are the only resource to discharge very serious engagements incurred in the prosecution of this expensive publication. Philadelphia, June 26.
JUST PUBLISHED,
By Thomas Dobson, Bookseller, at the Stone House, in Second Street, PHILADELPHIA,
VOLUME IX. OF ENCYCLOPEDIA:
OR, A DICTIONARY OF ARTS, SCIENCES, AND MISCELLANEOUS LITERATURE, On a Plan entirely new:
BY WHICH THE DIFFERENT SCIENCES AND ARTS are digested into the Form of Distinct TREATISES OR SYSTEMS:
THIS VOLUME CONTAINS HYDROSTATICS, Hygrometer, History of Japan, Iceland, Jerusalem, Jews, India, Insects, Insurance, Ireland, Italy, Kamtschatka, Knighthood, Language, Law, Legardemian, with a great variety of Biographical and Miscellaneous Articles.—Illustrated with thirty-one elegant Copperplates.
CONDITIONS.
 I. The work is printing on a superfine paper, and new types, (cast for the purpose) which will be occasionally renewed before they contract a worn appearance.  II. The work is furnished in boards, in volumes or half-volumes, as subscribers chuse; the price of the whole volumes, five dollars each, of the half-volumes two dollars and two-thirds of a dollar each. Ten dollars to be paid on subscribing, the volumes or half-volumes finished to be paid for when delivered, the price of one volume to be paid in advance, and the price of each succeeding volume to be paid on delivering the volume preceding it. No part of the work will be delivered unless paid for.  III. In the course of the publication will be delivered about five hundred copperplates elegantly engraved in Philadelphia; which by far exceed in number those given in any other scientific dictionary. At the close of the publication will be delivered an elegant frontispiece, the dedication, preface, and proper title pages for the different volumes. 
It is expected the work will be comprised in about eighteen volumes in quarto. The subscription will continue open on the above terms till the first day of September next, to give opportunity to those who are not yet subscribers, to come forward.
Those who have subscribed, and got only a small part of the work, are requested to complete their sets, as far as published, as soon as possible, as after the first of next September, by which time the tenth volume is expected to be ready, the publisher will not consider himself bound to make up those sets which are not completed up to that period.
Philadelphia, June 19, 1793.
SEAT of WAR.
For Sale, at M. CAREY'S Store, No. 118, Market-Street,
A Sheet Map of the
French, Austrian and Dutch Netherlands, in which the progress of the present War may be traced.—Price three eighths of a dollar.
And a Map of the Three Northern Districts of France, divided into Departments.—Price 1/4 of a dollar.
Maps of the United
States:—Any public spirited gentlemen, possessed of materials for correcting and improving the Maps of the several States, will lay M. Carey under very particular obligations, by communicating them. He is in immediate want of some for New-Jersey and Delaware; of which States he is now preparing Maps.
Guthrie's Geography:
The subscription for this work will be continued open, at the present rate of twelve dollars, till the first day of November next; after which, it will be raised to fourteen dollars.
August 14.