Gazette of the United-States. (New-York [N.Y.]), 1791-03-30 00:00:00

Gazette of the United States.
PUBLISHED WEDNESDAYS AND SATURDAYS BY JOHN FENNO, No. 69, HIGH-STREET, BETWEEN SECOND AND THIRD STREETS, PHILADELPHIA.
[No. 96, of Vol. II.]
WEDNESDAY, MARCH 30, 1791.
[Whole No. 200.]
Discourses on Davila.—No. 28.
(Concluded.)
THE death of the Duke of Guise was followed by a general peace—and the Royal Army retakes Havre de Grace from the English. The King arrives at his fourteenth year, and is declared of age. The Queen's inventive genius imagines various means of appeasing the discontented Princes; and to accomplish her designs, travels with the King through all the provinces of the kingdom. In Dauphiny, they contrived an interview with the Duke of Savoy; at Avignon, with the Ministers of the Pope; and on the frontiers of Guienne with the King and Queen of Spain. To these Princes they might communicate their secret designs, without apprehension of their coming to the knowledge of the Hugonots, which would have been almost inevitable, if they had employed Ambassadors. The Queen, with her usual dissimulation, endeavored to prevent the public from suspecting her genuine design, and secret views. She pretended that it was a simple desire in the King to see his kingdom, and show himself to his people. The Queen pretended to consent to it only to display before the eyes of the people the magnificence of her court, and to see her daughter the Queen of Spain. Under the veil of these appearances, so different from the truth, nothing was seen but magnificent preparations and sumptuous liveries—nothing was talked of but hunttings, balls, comedies and feasts. The interviews and intrigues in the course of their journey with the Dukes of Lorrain, of Wirtemberg, and other Chiefs of the Protestants or Catholics in Germany; the Count Palatine, the Duke of Deux Ponts, the Duke of Saxony, and Marquis of Baden, the Duke of Savoy, and the Ministers of the Pope, we pass over. In 1565, at Bayonne, they met the Queen of Spain, accompanied with the Duke of Alva and the Count de Benevent: While they pretended to be there wholly employed in feasts and pleasures, they held secret councils in concert, to abolish the diversity of religion. The Duke of Alva, a man of a violent character, whose very name, as well as that of the Cardinal de Lorrain, is associated in every mind with bloody bigotry and anti-christian intolerance, said boldly, that to cut the root of all novelties in matters of religion, it was necessary to "cut off the heads of the poppies"—"To angle for the large fish—not amuse themselves with the frogs"—"When the winds shall cease to blow, the waves of the populace will soon be calmed." These are the miserable maxims of tyranny, whether it be exercised by a single man or a multitude. "There is no difference," according to Aristotle, and history and experience, "between a people governing by a majority in a single assembly, and a Monarch in a tyranny; for their manners are the same, and they both hold a despotic power over better persons than themselves. Their decrees are like the other's edicts—their demagogues like the other's flatterers."—Aristotle's Politics, Lib. 4, ch. 4.
Old Tarquin would not utter these maxims in words to the messenger of his son from Gabii, but walked out into his garden and struck off the heads of the tallest poppies with his staff. With no better authority than these trite aphorisms of despotism did the Duke of Alva support his dogmatism, that a Sovereign could do nothing more shameful or contrary to his interests, than to grant to his subjects liberty of conscience, and his advice to employ fire and sword, to exterminate the Chiefs of the Hugonots.
Origin of the BANK of ENGLAND, and its Utility to the State.
THE derivation of the name is from Banca, the Italian word for the Bench, on which money-changers anciently sat in the public markets.
The first bank for the security of private property, was that of Venice, formed in the 12th century; and all the forms of transfer, according to the present practice were then regulated.
The bank of England was projected in the reign of William and Mary, by Mr. William Paterson, a merchant, who submitted his scheme to the Privy Council. It was, after considerable deliberation, established by act of Parliament, executed on the 27th July, in the year 1694; and the statute enacted, that their Majesties might take particular subscriptions for 1,200,000l. of any persons, foreigners or natives, whom their
Majesties were empowered to incorporate, with a yearly allowance of 100,000l. viz. 96,000l. or eight per cent. for interest, till redeemed, and 4000l. to be allowed the bank for the expence of management. The title of "Governor and Company of the Bank of England," was conferred; and their fund abovementioned to be redeemable upon a year's notice, after the 1st of August, 1705, and payment of the principal, and then the corporation to cease. Its establishment from the day of institution has never been shaken; they were originally prohibited from borrowing more than 1,200,000l. except on Parliament funds; but on the 3d February 1708—9, their capital was enlarged; and on the 20th of August, 1715, the royal assent was given for its being farther extended, in order to raise a sum of 910,000l. for the service of the public.
In the year 1717, the bank lent government two millions and a half, at 5 per cent.
In July 1742, the further sum of 1,600,000l. was advanced for a renewal of their charter: and, though in 1746 they were enabled to lend government 1,000,000l. more, they were so pressed the preceding year during the rebellion, that on the 20th September they began making payments in a further loan of 1,400,000l. at three per cent.
In the year 1749—50, the bank and South Sea directors agreed to the reduction of the interest of the national debt, upon a proposition of Parliament; and in two days the sum subscribed was upwards of 40 millions.
Their notes in 1696 bore 20 per cent. discount, and were under par in 1745, when the merchants of London associated, and agreed to take them as specie. Under the administration of the first William Pitt they acquired credit on the continent, and after the peace of 1763 were universally current through Europe. Small notes of 10l. and 15l. each, were not issued till the year 1759.
FROM A LONDON MAGAZINE.
The following Instances of the medical Effect of MAGNETISM, were communicated in a Letter to Doctor SIMMONS, F. R. S. by Mr. THOMAS HENRY, F. R. S. Apothecary, at Manchester, and inserted in the London Medical Journal.
"A Young gentleman had been for some days troubled with a very severe tooth-ach, for which he had tried all the usual remedies without success, and was on the point of submitting to the extraction of the tooth, when a friend informing him that the application of a magnet had been known to effect a cure, he immediately purchased a small artificial one, such as those sold in the shops for tobacco stoppers, and, with little expectation of success, applied it to his tooth: to his great surprise, in a few minutes the pain entirely ceased, nor had he any return of it afterwards.
"Being myself afflicted last winter with severe pain in a decayed tooth, which was too rotten to be easily extracted, and having tried various remedies in vain, I recollected the above case, and, having a magnet in the house, applied it to the tooth: instant relief succeeded, my pain left me; and though it afterwards returned several times in the course of a few days, it was constantly removed by the magnet, which I carried for that purpose in my pocket, and I have since remained quite free from it.
"About six weeks since a tinnitus aurium was very troublesome every night. At first I only perceived it when I lay upon my right side, on which was the afflicted ear; but it soon increased so as to disturb me on which ever side I reclined. One night, being much disturbed at it, and having nothing near that seemed likely to relieve me except the magnet, I determined to apply it, and introducing it into my ear, and holding it there for some few minutes, when I again lay down, I was free from the noise, nor did it return for several nights. A slight attack which happened in the course of that week, was instantly removed by the same means, since which time I have been perfectly relieved from my complaint."
BOSTON, March 10.
Extract of a letter from Passamaquoddy, to a gentleman in this town, dated February 24.
"I take the earliest opportunity to acquaint you, his Excellency Governor Carleton has been pleased to permit (by proclamation) lumber into our settlement."
CONGRESS.
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES.
SATURDAY, Feb. 5.
The BANK BILL under consideration.
(Conclusion of Mr. Stone's Speech.)
THE preceding remarks (he observed) shewed how dangerous is the doctrine of implication, and upon what small data ingenuity can raise the most dangerous superstructure. He said he should now take a view of those precedents in the former and present Congress which are relied on to justify the present measure.
1st. The Bank of North America: Here he stated the distressful and critical situation of America at that period; he remarked that it was at the declension of the continental money. He shewed that there were no powers in the confederation to which (even according to the reasoning of the other side) this power could be incidental but what required the vote of 9 States; that the ordinance passed by a vote of seven States, which showed that necessity alone gave birth to that measure. He showed the dissimilarity of the situations of the former and this Congress, and the difference in their powers and consequently in the dangers to be apprehended from the encroachment of either.
2d. The redemption of our prisoners at Algiers: This comes within the power to regulate trade. If, said he, we are not capable of redeeming by the best means in our power our citizens—our trade may be entirely ruined; and hence the law which shall be made for their redemption would be necessary and proper. But by the constitution the executive may make treaties; these may be general or for a particular object and the legislature may effectuate them by grants of money.
3d. We have bought certificates, and not destroyed them: This they say is implied from the power of paying the debts.
He asked, if before the purchase the certificates were debts due from the United States? And demanded, if by the purchase they were divested of that quality? Now (said he) in my judgment when a debt is fairly cancelled it is as much like a payment as need be.
4th. We had no right except by implication to give a salary to the Vice-President. He said he had voted against the salary and had been for a per diem allowance, because he thought the Vice-President was viewed by the constitution only as President of the Senate. But this example fails most palpably, as Congress in the compensations are not confined by the constitution either to a particular sum or mode of payment.
5th. Congress have made corporations and exercised complete legislation in the Western Territory. He said to answer this case nothing more was necessary than to read the clause in the constitution which give to Congress expressly the power to make all rules and regulation for them.
It seemed to him as if gentlemen were inverting the order of things; by making powers where there were none—and attempting to prove express grants to be implications.
6th. Our regulations respecting freighters and owners—and between captains and seamen: He had not those regulations correctly in his memory but he believed them proper and necessary regulations of commerce.
7th. It has been said we have exclusive jurisdiction in places belonging to Congress, and within the 10 miles square. We could erect a Bank in any of those places; its influence would extend over the continent—the principle upon which we founded this power could not be confined to a particular time or a spot of land. Gentlemen ridicule the idea that the exercise of a pervading influence and a general principle should be limited by any particular number of years or be confined within a fort. He said the power of exclusive legislation in those places was expressly granted, and under its influence the Congress might exercise complete and exclusive legislation within those limits; that the power was confined to the places. But if the genera

powers of this constitution are to be governed by the same rules of construction and we are to have no regard to place—it follows that Congress can exercise exclusive legislation over this continent. He was astonished at this doctrine. It would be equally reasonable to say that France because within the limits of her own dominions and over her own property she exercised exclusive legislation, that hence she had a right to legislate for the world.
8th. The power of removal of officers by the President alone. He said it was known he had opposed that doctrine. He left it to be defended by those who had voted for it: But he hoped (Mr. Smith, S. C.) and some other gentlemen who had opposed it would review the arguments they had used upon that occasion.
He observed after taking a view of these precedents on the danger of laying down improper principles in legislation. How eagerly men grasped at the slightest pretext for the exercise of power. He shuddered to think what a broad and commanding position this Bank will form for farther encroachments.
A gentleman from Massachusetts (Mr. Sedgwick) has said that whenever a power is granted, all the known and usual means of execution are always implied; the idea (he said) had been properly examined by (Mr. Giles) but he would ask if incorporating the subscribers to a bank was the known and usual means of borrowing money—especially when the subscribers were not obliged to loan—or of collecting taxes when no taxes were levied on the bank?
But gentlemen tell us that if we tie up the constitution too tight it will break; if we hamper it we cannot stir; if we do not admit the doctrine we cannot legislate at all. And with a kind of triumph they say that implication is recognized by the constitution itself in the clause wherein we have power to make all laws, to carry, &c. He said he was ready to meet the gentlemen upon this ground. This clause he said was intended to defeat those loose and proud principles of legislation which had been contended for. It was meant to reduce legislation to some rule. In fine, it confined the legislature to those means that were necessary and proper.
He said it would not be pretended that it was necessary and proper for the collection of taxes. Indeed one gentleman (Mr. Ames) had attempted to show that the payments in specie could not be made, if by chance a great quantity of debt suddenly accumulated in a particular place. But it might be remembered that this necessity, if it arrived, was created by the legislature—and that would be strange reasoning which broke a good constitution to mend a bad law. No taxes are collected by this bill.
It would not be necessary and proper as a mean of borrowing money, because, first, we do not want to borrow money—and if we did, this law, though it may be the probable, is not the necessary mean—for if it was the interest of the stockholders, they might, and he believed would, refuse to loan. He said that the institution might be defended upon more plausible grounds if the bank had been taxed, or if a condition to loan money to the public had been made part of the plan. Upon what ground then do gentlemen stand?—they can only say, that they have implied a great and substantive power in Congress, which gives to government or to individuals the influence of 5,000,000 dollars, irrevocable for 20 years, with a power of making bye-laws, &c.—because there is a probability that this institution may be convenient and agreeable in the operations of government. He asked, upon parallel principles, what might Congress not do? He said that the gentleman from Virginia (Mr. Madison) pursuing the doctrine into all the forms in which it might appear, had struck upon several cases which were very pointed—An incorporation of manufacturers with exclusive privileges—merchants with the same—a national religion. This, a gentleman (Mr. Ames) has said was unfair and extravagant reasoning—and yet, in five minutes, the gentleman's own reasoning led him to ask, with warmth, if Congress could not join stocks with a company to trade to Nootka! and he condescended to doubt if the privileges given to such a company might not be exclusive. He saw clearly himself that his theory led to the latter conclusion—for if expediency—if convenience—facility—if fears of war—if preparations for events which might never happen, can justify an incorporation upon the present plan, the same suggestions, the same logic, will legalize incorporations with exclusive privileges. The deductions of the gentlemen from Virginia are sound and right, and cannot be fairly controverted. Congress may then do any thing. Nay, if the principles now advocated are right, it is the duty of the legislature of the union to make all laws—not only those that are necessary and proper to carry the powers of the government into effect, but all laws which are convenient, expedient, and beneficial to the United States.—Then where is your constitution!—Are we not now sitting in our sober discretion—a general government, without the semblance of restraint? Yes,
said he, we have still a constitution—but where is it to be found? Is it written?—No. Is it among the archives?—No. Where is it?—It is found in the sober discretion of the legislature—it is registered in the veins of the majority.
He proceeded: I say there is no necessity, there is no occasion for this bank; the States will institute banks which will answer every purpose. But a distrust of the States is shewn in every movement of Congress; will not this implant distrusts also in the States? Will you gain by this contest? This scheme may give, and I am convinced will give partial advantages to the States. In the fair administration of our government no partial advantages can be given; but by this bill a few stock-holders may institute banks in particular states to their aggrandizement and the oppression of others:—it will swallow up the state banks—it will raise in this country a monied interest at the devotion of government—it may bribe both states and individuals. He said gentlemen asked, who would be offended or hurt by this plan?—Have we heard any complaints against it—have the newspapers reprobated it? These questions had no influence on his mind—he said it was one of those sly and subtle movements which marched silently to its object: the vices of it were at first not palpable or obvious; but when the people saw a distinction of banks created—when they viewed with astonishment the train of wealth which followed individuals, whose sudden exaltation surprized even the possessors—they would enquire how all this came about; they will then examine into the powers by which these phenomena have arisen, and they will find—they will reprobate the falsehood of the theories of the present day.
He said that gentlemen had told us of the sudden irruptions of enemies: When those necessities arrive, it is time enough to make use of them to break your constitution. But gentlemen say, upon emergencies, the bank will loan money. We differ in opinion. I think when we want it most, the bank will be most unable and unwilling to lend. If we are in prosperity, we can borrow money almost any where; but in adversity stockholders will avoid us with as much caution as any other capitalists.
But a gentleman (Mr. Ames) tells us not to be alarmed—the bank will not eat up liberty—he said he was not afraid. He was not under any apprehensions that all the little influence that Congress possessed would destroy the great spirit of American liberty. The body of the people would laugh at and ridicule any attempt to enslave them; but a conduct which had that tendency might rouse alarming passions. He said there existed at this moment ill-blood in the United States, which to quiet, he would readily agree to enter into a foreign war. America with us, we might defy the world. There was, he said, but one people he was afraid of offending: This was America. He was not afraid of foreign enemies—but the resentment of our own country is always a subject of serious apprehensions. He observed that there were other parts of this important and diffusive subject, which he might have touched, but he had fatigued himself and the house.
Mr. SMITH (S. C.) said, as he had been greatly misunderstood by the gentleman last up, he wished to explain the position he had laid down. He had never been so absurd as to contend, as the gentleman had stated, that whatever the legislature thought expedient was therefore constitutional; but he had only argued that, in cases where the question was, whether a law was necessary and proper to carry a given power into effect, the members of the legislature had no other guide but their own judgments, from which alone they were to determine whether the measure proposed was necessary and proper to carry the powers vested in Congress into full effect. If in such cases it appeared to them, on solemn deliberation, that the measure was not prohibited by any part of the constitution, was not a violation of the rights of any state or individual, and was peculiarly necessary and proper to carry into operation certain essential powers of the government—it was then not only justifiable on the part of Congress, but it was even their duty to adopt such measure: that nevertheless it was still within the province of the judiciary to annul the law, if it should be by them deemed not to result by fair construction from the powers vested by the constitution.
LONDON, January 20.
THE following is the translation of a letter from the Empress of Russia, to the King of Sweden:
"Monsieur, mon Frere & Cousine,
"The happy conclusion of the peace at Warla, having afforded us an opportunity of acquiring the zeal and good intentions of our respective Plenipotentiaries, exerted in the re-establishment of mutual harmony, we thought proper to confer the order of St. Andrew on the two Barons, to whom, on our own part, the accom-
plishment of this desirable business has been entrusted. Your Majesty will do us the justice to acknowledge to all Europe, the proofs we have given of the value which we set on your friendship.
"As a proof of our sincerity, Gen. Van der Pahlen has orders to produce to you, the insignia of the order of St. Andrew, which we intend for your Great Chamberlain, the Baron d'Armfeldt, and which we intreat that you will give him leave to accept.
"In the mean time, your majesty will be persuaded, that it is our constant desire to merit your distinguished esteem and friendship. These are the sentiments of, Monsieur, mon Frere and
"Mon Cousine, your Majesty's "bonne Soeur, Cousine & Voisine, (Signed) CATHARINE."
JANUARY 24.
The affairs of Europe are upon the eve of a crisis, and the Empress has now most decidedly to contend, if she has temerity enough, with a quintuple alliance, from whom she will be competent to obtain a peace on the terms of the Reichenbach treaty only.
The Dutch, it appears by the last mails, are indefatigable in their preparations to co-operate with England in every measure that will be found necessary, in the spring, to adopt.
Extract of a letter from the camp at Coimbatore, within 150 miles of Tippoo Sultan's capital, Seringapatam, dated the 30th of August, 1790.
"The war with Tippoo has been commenced these three months past, although nothing of consequence has yet been done, except the capture of this part of his country, of which we made ourselves masters with little opposition; Tippoo having retired with his army through the mountains, into the interior part of his kingdom, where it is supposed he will make a stand. We remain encamped here on account of the rains; when they are over, we shall march for his capital, Seringapatam, which, it is said, is strongly fortified. It is only 150 miles from this capital, but between us and it there is a large chain of mountains, through which our army must march by one narrow pass, which, if well defended, may give us much trouble. There is here encamped the finest army that ever any European power employed in India. It consists of four King's regiments, and one regiment of the company's Europeans, twelve battalions of Sepoys, four regiments of native cavalry, and the 19th regiment of light dragoons, three battalions of European artillery, with 70 field-pieces, besides a battering train. Our camp is upwards of two miles in length, and is a noble sight. The troops are in high health and great spirits."
JANUARY 27.
Mons. de Mirabeau, we understand, does not intend, as he has not the leisure, to answer Mr. Burke's pamphlet on the new government of France. He will content himself, according to our letters from Paris, with moving in the National Assembly, that their Ambassador at the Court of London should be instructed to complain to the British Ministry, of the insult offered by that publication to the representatives of the French nation.
Mr. Sheridan is writing a pamphlet to prove that France is rising to prosperity, and preparing a speech to prove that Great-Britain is verging to ruin. Doctor Price may, indeed, pray most devoutly for his success in those contradictory attempts, but we have reason to believe that even Lord Stanhope laughs in secret, at all the Quixotism of his friend.
Some time ago the King of Spain's watch-maker, a native of Ireland, discovered that the dry spongy stalks of the great branched Asphodel exceeded all other things that he was acquainted with for giving the last polish and brightest burnish to steel. As the experiment may be made with ease and without expense, it is recommended to artificers in the diversity of our steel manufactures.—The asphodel, though but little cultivated here, except by the curious in botany, will succeed in this climate.—It grows spontaneously in all parts of Spain, and abounds in the environs of Madrid. In Castile the leaves of this plant are gathered, dried to feed dogs, and are an excellent nutriment for those animals.
Admiralty Office, Dec. 3. This day in pursuance of the King's pleasure, his Royal Highness William Henry Duke of Clarence, Captain in his Majesty's Navy, was promoted to the rank of Rear Admiral of the Blue Squadron of his Majesty's fleet.
Portsmouth Dec. 6. The few ships that have already been paid off here, have let loose on the public a number of mischievous and villainous people.
Saturday morning about three o'clock a man of the name of Joseph Woodfall, was most inhumanly murdered at the Back of the Point. He was found on the Sallee Port Beach early in the morning, and on being examined, was found bruised in a shocking manner; his skull entirely beat in, and many violent blows appeared on

his face, his hands were found tied in his pockets. The Coroner's Inquest was held on the body, and found a verdict of wilful murder, by persons unknown. Diligent search is making, and hopes are entertained that the perpetrators of this horrid act will be taken.
Same day a person, late Boatswain's Mate of the Valiant, was beset by a number of sailors, who cut off his ears, and put them in his pocket, that no one might afterwards accuse them of theft.
Lemberg, Nov. 24. On the 20th inst. a terrible fire broke out in the town of Brody, which consumed upwards of 500 houses and other buildings.
FRANCE. NATIONAL ASSEMBLY,
JANUARY 10.
AN address was read from the ecclesiastics, who took the civic oath yesterday in the church of St. Sulpicius, at Paris. They applaud the National Assembly for having brought back Christianity to its original purity, acknowledging that the clergy are created for the people, and are consequently submitted to the civil laws. This address does honor both to the patriotism and talents of M. Soulavie, who was the interpreter of his brethren's sentiments.
The Assembly ordered the printing the oath and address of M. Despaumier, rector of Fontenay, wherein he pays grateful thanks to heaven for having given the National Assembly to religion and to France.
JANUARY 11.
Every day encreases the hope that the major and better part of the ecclesiastics will take the civic oath. An address was read from a number, who, having acceded to it, acknowledge the power of the nation over the clergy.
The discussion was resumed concerning the matter of oral or written depositions before juries.
Mess. Dumetz and Thouret outvied each other in maintaining the advantage of verbal depositions, which is likewise the opinion of the two committees of constitution and jurisprudence. The former was of opinion that written depositions would absolutely defeat the purpose of juries. The latter said no injury could support the length of explanations which would ensue from writing. He rather endeavoured to overthrow M. Troupet's opinion than to bring forward any thing new, but the weakness of his voice prevented him from being heard.
M. Troupet, however, moved that his speech might be printed and distributed, before the assembly decided on so important a matter, in which, on all sides real information and the best means to be adopted were so sincerely sought after.
JANUARY 13.
M. le Chapelier made his report in the name of the committee of constitution on the dramatic authors' petition, and twelve articles were passed respecting the same. By these articles it was decreed:
That every person is at liberty to erect a public theatre on first declaring their intention so to do to the municipality of the place.
That the works of all authors who have been dead five years are public property.
That those of living ones can be no where acted without their express and written consent, on pain of confiscation of all the profits arising from them, and that an external guard only should be placed at any theatres, excepting in the case of any of the municipal officers interfering.
JANUARY 14.
M. Denis gave notice that the plan of the civil constitution of the clergy had been drawn up by M. Mirabeau, and communicated to the ecclesiastical committee, who had adopted it.
M. Mirabeau then mounted the tribune, and read there this work, worthy of the hand from which it comes; some expressions were, however, repugnant to less philosophical ears. The reading of this eloquent work, of which it is impossible to make an epitome, having taken up an unusual length of time, and being interrupted by repeated acclamations, the Assembly rose at a late hour without its being concluded.
JANUARY 16.
The faction having now no arms left, but libels and invectives, a cloud of them appears every morning, which they have found means of circulating in the provinces, by affixing to them the signature of the National Assembly, an abuse denounced by M. Gouttes, and which proper means were taken to put a stop to.
A variety of addresses signed by various of the clergy were read, and much approved. This sitting was a long time taken up by the discussion of several articles respecting the National Gens d'Armerie, presented by M. Alexander de Lameth, and afterwards adopted.
By a letter from M. du Portuier, advice was received that Avignon is at present suffering from a new insurrection, of which M. de la Tour Mau-
bourg, the colonel of the Solunois regiment, gives the following account:
On the 9th of January a troop of seditious Avignonais, endeavoured to mislead the soldiers by promises and wine, and to induce them to go and attack Carpentras, and notwithstanding the measures taken by the officers to prevent them, at the time of their being called over, seventy-four were missing.
M. Maubourg, to prevent greater evils, requests that his regiment may be withdrawn from thence, and M. de Novilles made the same request for the Penthevre dragoons exposed to the same situation.
M. Bouche was of opinion, that the officers were to blame in the affair, but it was however decreed agreeably to the above proposal, and it was beside decreed, that the committee for the Avignon affair should make its report concerning this new fermentation, and prepare a decree on the subject as soon as possible.
JANUARY 17.
The National Assembly this day broke for once through the decree, by which they had declared they would accept of no more dedications, by receiving the one which was made to them of a new and magnificent edition of the gospel.
ALBANY, March 17.
With pleasure we inform that the ice, which has so long impeded our navigation, is entirely removed. It is worthy notice that less damage has been done by it than usual, and is the only one among many seasons, which does not furnish us with an instance of the loss of life. There has been no account of any accident of this kind from the mouth to the source, since the closing of the river!
FOR THE GAZETTE OF THE UNITED STATES.
IT is remarkable that the law for establishing the Bank of the United States, has not been found fault with in any other part of the union except in Pennsylvania, the state that is expected to derive the greatest benefit from the institution. The opposers, however are not numerous; and it is believed that all the publications against it, are the productions of an individual, who was supposed, until lately, to entertain more enlarged and just ideas on national subjects.
The opposition arises chiefly from an attachment to the bank of this state; a want of confidence in the resources of our country; and to a part of the stock which is to compose the funds of the Bank of the United States. But it has frequently and very justly been observed, that two millions of dollars will be a large sum for an active capital: and that the certificate part of the stock can certainly do no injury, even if it should not rise to par.
The reasons why the bank of this State was not made the bank of the United States are fully exhibited in the report of the Secretary of the Treasury, and were no doubt satisfactory to Congress, as they adopted his plan and passed the law by a large majority in both houses.
There is no doubt however, but the subscriptions to the Bank of the United States will fill rapidly, and the people of Pennsylvania may lament at a future day their having so little influence and so small a share in the administration of an institution founded in national policy, and productive of lasting benefit both to the union at large, and the individual stockholders.
That any of the public creditors should be even lukewarm in respect to the Bank of the United States is really a paradox.
FOR THE GAZETTE OF THE UNITED STATES.
SONNET.
THE incense-breathing Lily rears her head, On the fair bosom of the dark green vale; While youthful zephyr borne along the gale, Steals her perfume and wantons on her bed. The new-born Rose, all dripping with the dew, With magic spell attracts the Poet's eye; Amidst the lucid tears, its blooming hue Looks lovelier, and assumes a deeper dye. 'Twas thus of late I saw a lovely Maid, Pure as the silver lily of the vale; But Syren pleasure blew her sullying gale, And o'er her bosom cast a sombre shade. Now like this blushing Rose, the Fair appears, Her vernal cheeks suffus'd in silv'ry tears.
BIRTHA.
Philadelphia, March 30.
The House of Representatives of this State have appointed a committee to bring in a bill to appropriate a sum of money for the purpose of building a house for the PRESIDENT of the UNITED STATES, a Federal Hall for both Houses of Congress, and offices for the different departments under the general government.
A correspondent observes that the design of the Legislature, if carried into execution, will not interfere with the general arrangements already made respecting the permanent seat of government of the United States—nor will the expence be ill-applied, as it respects this commonwealth; for it may reasonably be supposed, that the increasing importance and dignity of THIS STATE, will, at the expiration of a period of Ten Years, require public buildings as elegant and commodious as those which may now be erected for the accommodation of Congress—Meantime, every dictate of sound policy is in favor of making such provision as may impress the minds of foreigners with proper sentiments of respect towards us, and evidence the veneration of the people for their own government.
On the 22d Dec. the Russians carried the Fortress of Ismail by storm—The garrison which it is said consisted of more than 12000 men, were all put to the sword, except about 400. The Russian army was commanded by Gen. Suwarrows.
By the last accounts from Cape Francois, we are informed that 80 of the Mulattoes, who were active in the late disturbances at St. Domingo, have been executed.
A vote has passed both houses of the Legislature of the State of New-York, by which the Treasurer of that State is authorised to subscribe SEVENTY-FIVE THOUSAND DOLLARS to the Bank of the United States: The Certificates of National debt held by that State, it has been directed should be subscribed to the Loan proposed by Congress in their Act of 4th August 1790.
The next Convention of the Protestant Episcopal Church is to be held in the city of Richmond, Virginia, on the first Tuesday of May next.
On Saturday the 12th inst. the Legislature of Massachusetts was prorogued to the day next preceding the last Wednesday in May next—then to meet in that town.
The administration of Mr. Pitt, Prime Minister of Great-Britain, has been the subject of Eulogium to the first characters in Europe: His commercial Treaty, which was a bone for Opposition to pick for a considerable time, appears now in a favorable point of view—and will probably by its effects serve to eradicate national prejudices—and ere long shew the truth of the sentiment advanced by the author of "Common Sense" that man is not the natural enemy of man. The abominable opinions which have resulted from an ideal incompatibility of interests, have in times past made the world a theatre of rapine and blood. Reason and philosophy are rapidly instructing mankind to interpret the sentiment of the poet—that "All Nature's difference keeps all Nature's peace."
The average price of Flour at Bristol the 18th December last.
Fine, from 43/. to 44/. per Sack. Second quality, 40/. do. Third, do. 38/. do.
Extract from the Tour in Holland, just published.
"Supped with Mons. Luzac the famous lawyer, to whom I had letters—I was charmed with his conversation, and found him ready to answer me any question in any language; but as I am confined to two, we conversed in them indifferently.
"This gentleman is celebrated throughout Europe for his uncommon talents, and extensive knowledge; and more particularly for his patriotism, and being the editor of the Leyden Gazette, which is universally believed the best in circulation."
Abstract of translations from the Leyden Gazette, as published by Mr. Bache in the General Advertiser.
It is conjectured that the British armaments were not altogether intended against Spain; but to support secret designs inimical to Russia. The reserve of the British prime minister has strengthened these conjectures; and the declaration to the court of Petersburg which has been sent to every court of Europe gives force to the report; which is, that England intends to send in the spring, a fleet of 24 sail to the Baltic, and of 10 sail to the Mediterranean, should Russia not then have begun a plan of pacification with the Porte upon equitable terms.
A letter from Paris of the 28th Dec. analyzes the various reports of a counter revolution in France; and from various calculations and deductions pretty plainly proves that nothing of a serious or important nature has been in contemplation by the malcontents. It observes, "That those who are improperly called Aristocrats*, first give weight to these reports—they declare openly and seriously, that the new order of things cannot last long." The letter-writer then shews the insuperable obstacles in the way of a counter revolution, the smallness of the number of the disaffected, their scattered situation, the badness of their information, and especially their want of the necessary means—and then asks how is it possible to conceive that a party thus situated, scattered among 25 millions of people, 300,000 of which have been armed these 18 months past, and exercised in military discipline, could reasonably hope, by open force, (the expedient they now talk of) to effect their purposes? It is hardly possible to believe that such ideas could creep into the brains of persons not entirely deprived of reason.
* The Editor here makes a just distinction. The Aristocrats, properly speaking, cannot wish a restoration of despotism or simple monarchy. The Senate of Rome was a sovereign aristocracy—and greater enemies to Kings never existed.
ARRIVALS at the PORT OF PHILADELPHIA.
Sloop Defiance, McCann, New Providence, Ship Cæsar, Thompson, Lisbon, Brig Hope, Lee, Jamaica, Pilgrim, Smith, Cadiz, Active, Owens, Cape Francois, Hetty, Drinker, Charleston, Schooner Lark, Stratton, Barnagat, Sloop Sally, Candor, Jamaica, George, Stanem, Norfolk,
PRICE CURRENT.—PUBLIC SECURITIES.
FUNDED DEBT. 6 pr. Cents 17 1/2. pr. £. 85 pr. cent. 3 pr. Cents 9/. 45 do. Deferred 6 pr. Cents 8 1/2 9/. 45 do. UNFUNDED DEBT. Final Sett. and other Certificates 15/9 7 3/4 do. Indents 9/. 45 do. N. and S. Carolina debts, 12/6 6 1/2 do.
MATTHEW M'CONNELL,
IN CHESNUT-STREET, No. 66, BUYS and SELLS all kinds of THE PUBLIC DEBT OF THE UNION; has frequently occasion to NEGOTIATE INLAND BILLS OF EXCHANGE—and will receive Orders for making SUBSCRIPTIONS to the BANK of the UNITED STATES.
Philadelphia, March 30, 1791.
(96 t)

CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES:
AT THE THIRD SESSION,
Begun and held at the City of Philadelphia, on Monday the sixth of December, one thousand seven hundred and ninety.
AN ACT for raising and adding another Regiment to the Military Establishment of the United States, and for making farther Provision for the Protection of the Frontiers.
BE it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That there shall be raised an additional regiment of infantry, which, exclusive of the commissioned officers, shall consist of nine hundred and twelve non-commissioned officers, privates and musicians.
And be it further enacted, That the said regiment shall be organized in the same manner as the regiment of infantry described in the act, intitled, "An act regulating the military establishment of the United States."
And be it further enacted, That the troops aforesaid by this act to be raised, including the officers, shall receive the same pay and allowances, be subject to the same rules and regulations, and be engaged for the like term, and upon the same conditions, in all respects, excepting the bounty herein-after mentioned, as are stipulated for the troops of the United States, in the before-mentioned act.
And be it further enacted, That each non-commissioned officer, private and musician, who has enlisted or who shall enlist pursuant to the act aforesaid, or who shall enlist pursuant to this act, shall be intitled to receive six dollars as a bounty.
And be it further enacted, That in case the President of the United States should deem the employment of a major-general, brigadier-general, a quarter-master and chaplain, or either of them, essential to the public interest, that he be, and he hereby is empowered, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, to appoint the same accordingly. And a major-general so appointed may chuse his aid de camp, and a brigadier-general, his brigadier-major, from the captains or subalterns of the line. Provided always, That the major-general and brigadier-general so to be appointed, shall respectively, continue in pay during such term only, as the President of the United States in his discretion shall deem it requisite for the public service.
And be it further enacted, That in case a major-general, brigadier-general, quarter-master, aid de camp, brigade-major and chaplain should be appointed, their pay and allowances shall be, respectively as herein mentioned: The major-general shall be intitled to one hundred and twenty-five dollars, monthly pay, twenty dollars allowance for forage monthly, and for daily subsistence fifteen rations, or money in lieu thereof at the contract-price. The brigadier-general shall be intitled to ninety four dollars, monthly pay, with sixteen dollars allowance for forage monthly, and for daily subsistence twelve rations, or money in lieu thereof at the contract-price. That the quarter-master shall be intitled to the same pay, rations and forage, as the lieutenant-colonel commandant of a regiment. That the aid de camp be intitled, including all allowances, to the same pay, rations and forage as a major of a regiment. That the brigade major be intitled, including all allowances to the same pay, rations and forage, as a major of a regiment. That the chaplain be intitled to fifty dollars per month including pay, rations and forage.
And be it further enacted, That if, in the opinion of the President it will be conducive to the good of the service, to engage a body of militia to serve as cavalry, they furnishing their own horses, arms and provisions, it shall be lawful for him to offer such allowances to encourage their engaging in the service, for such time and on such terms, as he shall deem it expedient to prescribe.
And be it further enacted, That if the President should be of opinion, that it will be conducive to the public service, to employ troops enlisted under the denomination of levies, in addition to, or in place of the militia, which in virtue of the powers vested in him by law, he is authorized to call into the service of the United States, it shall be lawful for him to raise, for a term not exceeding six months (to be discharged sooner if the public service will permit) a corps, not exceeding two thousand non-commissioned officers, privates and musicians, with a suitable number of commissioned officers. And in case it shall appear probable to the President, that the regiment directed to be raised by the aforesaid act and by this act, will not be completed in time to prosecute such military operations as exigencies may require, it shall be lawful for the President to make a substitute for the deficiency, by raising such farther number of levies, or by calling into the service of the United States such a body of militia as shall be equal thereto.
And be it further enacted, That the President be, and he hereby is empowered to organize the said levies, and alone to appoint the commissioned officers thereof, in the manner he may judge proper.
And be it further enacted, That the commissioned and non-commissioned officers, privates and musicians of the militia or said corps of levies, shall during the time of their service, be subject to the rules and articles of war; and they shall be intitled to the same pay, rations and forage, and, in case of wounds or disability in the line of their duty, to the same compensation as the troops of the United States.
And be it further enacted, That the non-commissioned officers, privates and musicians of the said corps of levies, shall be intitled to receive such proportional quantity of clothing, as their time of service shall bear to the annual allowance of clothing to the troops of the United States, subject, however, to a proportional deduction from their pay.
And be it further enacted, That each of the non-commissioned officers, privates and musicians of the said levies, shall be entitled to receive three dollars as a bounty.
And be it further enacted, That in case the nature of the service, upon which the troops of the United States may be employed, should require a greater number of surgeon's mates than are provided for in the before-mentioned act, the President of the United States may engage, from time to time, such additional number of surgeon's mates, as he shall judge necessary.
And be it further enacted, That the commissioned officers, who shall be employed to recruit men for the said regiments, shall be intitled to receive for every recruit who shall be duly enlisted and mustered, the sum of two dollars.
And be it further enacted, That for defraying the expence, for one year, of the additional regiment to be raised by virtue of this act; for defraying the expence, for a like term, of the officers mentioned in the seventh section of this act; for defraying the expence of the said militia-horse, militia-foot, and levies, which may be called into, or engaged for the service of the United States, pursuant to this act; for defraying the expence of such surgeon's mates as may be appointed pursuant to the fifteenth section of this act; for defraying the expence of recruiting the said
two regiments; and for defraying the expence of any military posts which the President shall judge expedient and proper to establish, there be and hereby is appropriated a sum, not exceeding three hundred and twelve thousand six hundred and eighty six dollars and twenty cents, to be paid out of the monies, which, prior to the first day of January next, shall arise from the duties imposed upon spirits distilled within the United States, and from stills, by the act, intitled, "An act repealing, after the last day of June next, the duties heretofore laid upon distilled spirits imported from abroad, and laying others in their stead; and also upon spirits distilled within the United States, and for appropriating the same;" together with the excess of duties which may arise from the duties imposed by the said act on imported spirits, beyond those which would have arisen by the act, intitled, "An act making farther provision for the payment of the debts of the United States."
And to the end that the public service may not be impeded for want of necessary means;
Be it further enacted, That it shall be lawful for the President to take on loan the whole sum by this act appropriated, or so much thereof as he may judge requisite, at an interest not exceeding six per centum per annum; and the fund established for the above-mentioned appropriation, is hereby pledged for the repayment of the principal and interest of any loan to be obtained in manner aforesaid: and in case of any deficiency in the said fund, the faith of the United States is hereby also pledged to make good such deficiency.
FREDERICK AUGUSTUS MUHLENBERG,
Speaker of the House of Representatives.
JOHN ADAMS, Vice-President of the United States and President of the Senate.
APPROVED, MARCH THIRD, 1791.
GEORGE WASHINGTON, President of the United States. Deposited among the Rolls in the Office of the Secretary of State. THOMAS JEFFERSON, Secretary of State.
INDIA SALES, at Salem.
At the STORE of ELIAS HASKETT DERBY, Esq. On TUESDAY the 5th of APRIL next, at 10 o'clock, A.M. will commence the sale, by AUCTION, of the
Cargo of the Brig HENRY,
Lately arrived from BENGAL, MADRAS, and ISLE of FRANCE; Consisting of a large and valuable assortment of
INDIA GOODS.
As follows—viz.
  BAFTAS, } White Cloths, proper for  Bengal.    Sannas, and } Shirting, or Sheeting.    Cassas,    Dureas—or striped Muslins.    Durea Chintz, or painted striped do.    Chintz, a great variety.    Striped Cottons,    Jagrenant Muslins.    Ditto Ditto Handkerchiefs.    Gingham,    Blue Cotton Handkerchiefs.  Madras.    Long Cloths, of a superior quality, suitable for Shirting.    Madras Patches, beautifully figured.    Camboys, or blue and white striped Cottons.    Moreas, or plain white Cloths.    Madras Cambricks.    Ditto Ditto Handkerchiefs, with borders.    Book Muslins.    Ditto Ditto Handkerchiefs, a great variety.    A quantity of China Silk Handkerchiefs.    A quantity of Ostrich Feathers.    Surat Cotton, 23 bales.     Indigo, of the Isle of France, of a superior quality.     An assortment of fine Wines of the Cape of Good Hope.     Raisins of do.     A quantity of India Shirts and Trowfers, for Sailors' wear.    To the above will be added, a great variety of other Goods, which are not enumerated. Also,   100 Casks Raisins,  of the best qualities.    75 Casks Bohca Tea,    30 Ditto Hyson,    30 ditto Souchong,   
The Goods may be viewed a few days previous to the sale. W. P. BARTLETT and CO. Auctioneers. Salem, Feb. 21. 1791.
A CO-PARTNERSHIP having commenced between JOSEPH ANTHONY, and his Son, THOMAS P. ANTHONY, under the firm of
JOSEPH ANTHONY and Son,
They have for Sale, at their Stores, (lately improved by HUEWES and ANTHONY,) North side Chesnut-Street Wharf,
  NEW-ENGLAND Rum,  TEAS, of the first quality,    Molasses,    Muscovado Sugars,    Jamaica & Martinique Coffee,    Pimento,    Cassia,    Old Batavia Arrack,    Spermaceti & Wax Candles,    Spermaceti, Right Whale,    Tanner's Oil,    Best pick'd Mackerel,     Hyson,  Boston Sail Duck,    Souchong    & Bohea    No. 1, 2, 3, 4, and 7,    6 by 8 Window Glass,    Boston Prime Beef,    A quantity of choice Carrot    Tobacco.    N. England Tow Linen.    Philadel. March 18. [e.p.3w.]  
New Line of Stages.
THE Subscriber has established a line of STAGES from Hartford to Boston, by way of Norwich and Providence, which will run thro' twice a week during the Winter Season, and three times a week during the Summer Season.
Good Carriages, Horses, and careful Drivers are provided.—Passengers pay three Pence per Mile, and are allowed 14 pound Baggage each.—Extra Baggage pays at the rate of three Pence per Mile for every 150 wt. As the Mail is to go in these Stages for the year 1791, fixed hours for starting from the respective Stage Houses is absolutely necessary—from which there can be no deviation. Norwich, Dec. 14. 1790.
The Stage for the Eastward leaves
 Hartford—Mondays and Thursdays,  Norwich—Tuesdays and Fridays,  Providence—Wednesdays and Saturdays,  For the Westward, leaves Boston—Mondays and Thursdays, Providence—Tuesdays and Fridays, Norwich—Wednesdays and Saturdays. JESSE BROWN. 69—1w2m
ADVERTISEMENT.
A PAMPHLET, containing some remarks on the first volume of the "Defence of the American Constitutions," written by the Vice-President of the United States, has been circulated in France, as a production of the late GOVERNOR LIVINGSTON. Any person who will furnish the Editor hereof with a copy of said pamphlet, shall be paid a double price for the same.
PROPOSALS FOR PRINTING BY SUBSCRIPTION, A WORK, Entitled The ART of WRITING, REDUCED TO A PLAIN AND EASY SYSTEM, On a Plan entirely new, IN SEVEN BOOKS. By JOHN JENKINS, Writing-Master.
THE first book contains a very plain, easy and familiar introduction to this art, and leads the learner to a right understanding of the principles of the work. The small letters are dissected—the principal strokes are placed by themselves, and accompanied with particular explanations. A table, or scheme, is added, which exhibits at one view the component parts of each letter, both small and great, placed in different classes, that the learner may at once perceive, by inspection, the relation and dependence which one letter has upon another. To which is annexed, a Dialogue, calculated to fix the attention of children, and impress their minds with right ideas of the letters. This work is designed for the benefit of schools, and may be used with advantage by all who would acquire a knowledge of penmanship.
Five of the remaining six are proper Writing Books, with Copperplate Copies, and are designed as an execution of the foregoing plan, each book proceeding by regular steps, from the first principles to Joining-hand Copies, and gradually proceeding from a large Round-hand, to an easy Running-hand; all which are preparatory to the seventh and last book, which is a collection of Writing Pieces, Promissory Notes, Orders, Receipts, Bills of Exchange, &c.
CONDITIONS OF THE FIRST BOOK.
 It will be printed on fine writing paper, and contain about twenty-eight pages, quarto, with eight copperplate engravings.  The price will be Three Fifths of a Dollar, stitched in blue.  As the author risks the publication, he requests that each subscriber would advance One Quarter of a Dollar. 
N. B. As the engravings are not yet completed, the price of the remaining six cannot at present be ascertained.
** Gentlemen who have these subscription papers in their hands, are requested to return them to Isaiah Thomas, Esq. of Worcester, or Thomas and Andrews, Boston, by the first of June next.
The plan of the above work has been submitted to, and approved of by the Governors of several of the States, several members of Congress—the Presidents of Cambridge, Rhode-Island, Yale, Columbia, the President and Vice-President of New-Jersey, and several of the Professors of Pennsylvania Colleges—Also, by many of the Clergy, and several eminent Writing-Masters and Instructors of Youth. Philadelphia, March 7, 1791.
Virginia, Culpeper County, 25th Jan. 1791.
To be SOLD by the Subscriber,
THE PLANTATION, where-
on he resides, laying on both sides the Carolina road, in the great fork of Rappahannock river, 36 miles from the town of Dumfries, 30 from Fredericksburg, and 28 from Falmouth; in a most healthy part of the country:—Consisting of 2,000 acres—half cleared, and in good fence, well adapted for farming and grazing—the soils good, lays well, abounding with many excellent springs and streams of water, so dispersed as to afford great opportunity of making watered meadow of the first quality, perhaps more than 900 acres—of which 120, in one body, is already in grass, and all watered and drained at pleasure by a number of ditches, for that purpose, passing through the whole. Orchards of about 2000 bearing apple trees—near as many peach trees, and a variety of most other kinds of fruit, natural to the climate. A good dwelling-house, the situation whereof is remarkably beautiful and pleasant; and many other valuable improvements of divers kinds.
And one other Plantation about 5 miles nearer said town, consisting of about 1500 acres, on which is good merchant, grist, and saw mills, where nature, labour and art, have fully conspired to render them complete; a large constant stream, on which they stand, affords them water in great abundance; convenient thereto is a kiln and house, for drying corn, a bake house, a dwelling house and several other improvements mostly new; about 300 acres of the lands are in cultivation, very good in quality; the other part thin soil, but abounding with timber, is an inexhaustible source for the saw-mill.
Also several detached tracts within said county, of about 2, 3, and 400 acres each, and though not off so fertile a soil, their vicinity to the towns render them valuable, on some of them there are small improvements, and the lands so situated, that they can easily be made convenient little farms.
The whole or any part of the abovementioned possessions will be disposed of, on very reasonable terms—a small proportion in ready money, for the balance, the payments will be made entirely to accommodate the convenience of the purchasers, who may be supplied on the same terms, with all kinds of stock, work horses, oxen, &c. &c. &c. by JOHN STRODE. [t.f.]
TO BE SOLD,
THE SEAT OF THE LATE GOVERNOR LIVINGSTON,
situate about a mile from Elizabeth-Town, on the public road to Morris Town. The farm contains between 90 and 100 acres of land, 15 or 20 acres of which are wood land; there is also appertaining to the said farm about 19 acres of salt meadow. Particular attention having been paid to the cultivation of fruit; there is on the farm a very large collection of various kinds of the choicest fruit trees, &c. in full bearing; the house is large, convenient, well built and in very good repair.
Enquire of the Printer, for further particulars. New-York, Jan. 1791. 80 3m
FOR SALE,
In the City of New-Brunswick,
A Commodious TWO STORY HOUSE, almost new, pleasantly situated on the banks of the Raritan, together with a large Lot in the rear, and a very good Wharf immediately in front of the House. Said House is thirty-four feet square has four rooms on each floor, with entries between the same, and a good stone cellar under the whole.
Any person inclining to purchase may have possession the first day of May next, and know the price and terms of payment which will be made easy by applying to LEWIS FORMAN, in said city, or the subscriber in Borden Town. J. VAN EMBURGH.
N. B. If not sold, to be rented from 1st day of May next.
MANUEL NOAH,
BROKER, No. 91, Race-Street, between Second and Third-Streets, BUYS and SELLS
Continental & State Certificates,
Pennsylvania and Jersey Paper Money, And all kinds of SECURITIES of the United States, or of any particular State.
The price of this Paper is 3 Dollars per ann.