Gazette of the United-States. (New-York [N.Y.]), 1791-08-24 00:00:00

Gazette of the United States.
PUBLISHED WEDNESDAYS AND SATURDAYS BY JOHN FENNO, No. 69, HIGH-STREET, BETWEEN SECOND AND THIRD STREETS, PHILADELPHIA.
[No. 34, of Vol. III.]
WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 24, 1791.
[Whole No. 242.]
FROM THE GENERAL ADVERTISER.
[Our Readers will be pleased with the following Letter of the Mayor of Paris, translated from a Paris Paper: Independent of the light it throws upon the situation of Paris, at the time our latest accounts left that city, it contains such just principles of rational liberty, and such warm effusions of genuine patriotism, as must interest the feelings of every American.]
Letter from the Mayor of Paris to M. LE FEUVRE D'ARLES, commandant of the Battalion of Petits-Augustins.
PARIS, JUNE 5, 1791.
THE Commander in Chief informs me, Sir, that, on Saturday, even before the receipt of any orders, the battalion of Petits-Augustins , which you have the honor to command, had resolved to meet yesterday at six in the morning in the street Bourbon , to preserve good order about the church of the Theatins , and secure the execution of the law which establishes religious freedom. I have learnt, Sir, that their resolution was carried into execution; and am informed that your battalion had fulfilled that duty with zeal, and has been fortunate enough to protect from violence a distressed Priest. As a citizen and as magistrate I applaud the conduct of your battalion, and am made happy by the respect they have shown for the laws. I view in their conduct the patriotism of citizen-soldiers. It is not enough to fight for our country when in danger from attacks; but it is also necessary to watch over its tranquility, and prevent its falling a victim to internal dissensions. The soldier-citizen has this double duty to attend to, and you have performed it.
In paying attention to the crowd which is attracted towards the Theatins , I am sorry to find that the people of Paris are misled,—I am sorry to find in that crowd, enemies to the public peace and welfare, dressed in national uniforms, to appearance the most active leaders. It can't be denied, Sir, the public weal is in danger;—our enemies with to avail themselves of the divisions of the clergy, and disputes of the priests to involve us in difficulties: they wish to bring about a civil war, through the means of religious contentions. Similar attempts have always succeeded, when undertaken by the seditious of every country and in every age; but it concerns our glory and interest, that they should fail among the French, who, in two years, have brought about a most wonderful revolution, and have framed a most admirable constitution. Our enemies tremble to see the edifice of this constitution completely raised, and the last hand put to it to complete it,—their last resource to overturn it is to say to the people, "The cause of RELIGION is in danger, a dreadful schism will take place; the ex-clergy are enemies of the constitution, and the directory, the municipality, their chiefs, the military who protect them and execute their orders, are aristocratically inclined." And I answer the people,—"That religion is in no danger; nothing of its essentials is changed; its tenets are preserved in all their purity; the doctrine is the same with the priests, who have acknowledged the new constitution, and have taken the oath, with those, who, upon conscientious principles, or for other reasons, have thought proper to refuse. This conscientious principle is in themselves, and nothing is to be feared from it by others; it is of no importance to the people, so that it breeds no disputes,—as disputes and dissensions only can disturb the public happiness, and throw an obstacle in the way, which may retard the completion of the constitution. If the views of aristocrats have given rise to these disturbances, let us bury in oblivion their bad inventions, which were to give rise to civil wars and commotions, their last resource. Let us not however, by our conduct, second their efforts; let us persevere in this important work of securing public happiness, by preserving peace, and of bringing about good order, by shewing submission to the laws.
The National Assembly has decreed that no restraint should be laid on liberty of conscience, and that religious worship of every kind should be permitted. If the tenets and worship of the ex-clergy are the same as those professed and that practised by the clergy paid by the nation, they are our's, and we ought to respect them. It is differed from our's we ought to bear with it, just as we permit other forms of worship totally different from that we profess. But, then, the people are told, if these priests are permitted to say mass, they should not be suffered to preach, or confess!—Why not? I would ask—Where then would be their liberty if you lay restraints on their tenets and mode of worship? Where is the freedom of citizens, if on account of these tenets and mode of worship they are not masters of choosing their own spiritual guides? More has been laid—it has been asserted that some persons have been seen at the communion table two and three times a day. The report is certainly false; but if it was true, if it were one of their religious principles, that principle is free by the decree of the National Assembly.
Frenchmen understand the nature of liberty; it ought to be complete and common to all; by granting it to one set don't deprive others of it—The National Guards are yet told, take care to what use your patriotism and courage are put;—examine the orders given you, and only obey those which appear to you just and of a useful tendency: And, who is it, that thus pretends to subject the law, which is the reason of all, expressed, to the reason of a few; the law, that is the general will, to private will? Soldiers, Citizens, and even Magistrates, are not to deliberate when the law has pronounced, when it is expressed by the organs chosen and appointed by yourselves—obedience is then necessary, it is a duty of absolute necessity, and to oppose, or even evade it, is a breach of the constitution, it is destructive of the order of civil society, it is substituting all the evils, which depend on anarchy, in the room of national order, which it is our glory and interest to preserve.
If my voice could be heard by all my fellow-citizens, if I could have deserved their confidence so far as to hope that they would listen to the expressions of my councils, I could tell them: Don't suffer yourselves to be misled; your happiness is at hand, it is already in your possession; the constitution is nearly completed, you are about enjoying the blessings you have a right to expect from its influence, unless you overlet the work of your hands. There are a number of seditious and ill-intentioned persons, actuated by the hope of enriching themselves by pillage, if confusion can be produced. In Paris you are surrounded with a prodigious number of people of this stamp, enemies of the public good, and active in efforts to destroy it; some of these speak, and profane the language of liberty, and the expressions of patriotism by their use of them, others act, and commit excesses in the violation of the rights of person and property. To you foremost it belongs to oppose their attempts. When the duty of our magistrates and of our citizen-soldiers prompt them to pursue these perturbators of public peace, the people, who are not performing military duty ought to unite their efforts with those of the Magistrates and Nat-
onal Guard. In fact those very Magistrates and that National Guard are the people themselves; it is their cause they defend, it is in defence of liberty they act, desirous to secure it on the firm basis of public tranquility.
You are told that your Magistrates deceive you; you are told their orders are tyrannical; and it is undoubtedly the interest of those who tell you so to repeat it again and again—all they want is the return of anarchy and confusion, and the boldest step to this is disobedience to legitimate authority. You have every calamity to dread, if your magistrates are deprived of our confidence, and if legal authority is divested of its influence. I certainly am not deceived, and it is impossible that I could with to deceive you. What am I? One raised by your own hands, after 50 years of known probity, and about to return to the obscure retreat from which you have taken me, there to carry nothing besides a conscience, which does not reproach me with having done any evil, if I have not the satisfaction of having done much good. I cannot wish for any thing more than your interest and prosperity. You have evinced your esteem for me; I respect and love you. You raised me, and I watched for your safety. I have not had a thought for these two years, but for you; I beg you will be convinced of the security of my intentions, and the sincerity of my exhortations.
You are free, and you wish to be happy; you can only be happy and free by your submission to the laws; every breach of the law is an encroachment on your liberty. You are reminded of despotism; it is done away. You have a beloved King, his right to rule is granted to him by the constitution;—he foremost obeys the law when he executes it. You have magistrates chosen by yourselves;—they are chosen but for a time, and are responsible. You have administrative bodies who watch over the proceedings of each other, and over those of the legislature, the organ of the law, the focus from which the rays of justice diverge. Oppressors have no longer means to oppress; the oppressed shall always be heard, or rather oppression can no longer exist. Let us then banish distrust; suppress the disturbances which assemblies and mobs of motion-makers * occasion; all these irregularities strike the minds of peaceable citizens with terror, they drive away the opulent, depopulate the capital, encrease the misery: And by restoring peace and good order, let us by wisdom finish a revolution begun with courage.
This, Sir, is what I should wish to say to my fellow-citizens: These are the truths and principles by which you and the battalion you command have been led. You are at liberty to publish this letter in any manner you may think proper.
(Signed)
Mayor of Paris,
BAILLY.
[* These are men from the party called ENRAGES, or mad Democrats, who would be better pleased with no government at all than any—who have nothing to lose, and may gain much, if the kingdom could be thrown into a state of anarchy. These men, chiefly paid by the Enrages, harangue the people in the streets and public squares, and then make motions of a nature to create disorder and disturbance, which they always carry, by acclamation from the mob, and these seditious opinions, collected in this vague and tumultuous manner, they then spread abroad as the sentiments of the body of the people.]
A Letter from the Provincial Assembly of the North of St. Domingo, to the King of the French.
"SIRE, YOUR children, your faithful colonists of St. Domingo, offer at the foot of the throne, their just complaints, and deposit in your paternal breast, their fears and their alarms. The province of the North of St. Domingo has, until this moment, discovered the most respectful submission to the decrees concerning the colonies, made by the legislative body, and sanctioned by your Majesty; and this submission has entitled them to the most flattering applause from the nation in general. We have relied on the reiterated promises comprehended in the decrees of the 8th and 28th of March, and 12th of October, 1790, to pass no decree upon the subject of qualification of persons, but what should be precisely and formally represented by the colonies; but a new decree of the 15th of May, which can be but the result of surprise, of cabal and intrigue, causes all our hopes to vanish, and plunges us in the greatest consternation. This decree, which is absolutely contradictory to those which have preceded it says, "The National Assembly decrees, that it will never deliberate upon the qualities of the colored people who are not born of free parents, without the previous, free and spontaneous wish and desire of the colonies: that the Colonial Assemblies now existing shall be continued; but that the colored people born of free parents shall be admitted into the Parishionial and Colonial Assemblies; provided always, that they possess the other requisite qualifications."
We shall not attempt to paint to your Majesty the shocking sensations the news this impolitic decree has caused in this town; and the misfortunes that will follow its promulgation are unaccountable; they will be such as will draw after them the total annihilation of this flourishing colony.
The prosperity of your kingdom, Sire, is essentially connected with that of the colonies which form a part of it, and these cannot flourish except they maintain the strictest subordination among those employed in the different kinds of
* As to property, equal to the payment of three livres (or 3/4) taxes.
culture: this subordination will cease to exist, the instant the line marked out which separates the whites from the colored people shall be broken through, and both placed upon the same line of equality.
The order established in the colonies, sanctioning certain prejudices, is by no means originated by pride, as those pretended philosophers who call themselves the Apostles of Humanity suppose; it is dictated by the extreme necessity which will never admit the colored people, the offspring of former slaves, to be entitled to the same privileges with the whites, and be comprehended without distinction with them. If this indispensable order of the colonies is annihilated, the ruin of them must inevitably ensue.
This, Sire, is what the legislative bodies had in their wisdom particularly attended to, when forming their decrees of the 8th and 28th of March, and 12th of October, 1790; the colonists according to those decrees were left to make their formal representations concerning the qualifications of persons, because it was judged impossible to do ample justice without such representation; the infraction and violation of these principles of justice and equity, the result of the new decree of the 15th May, become the source of the greatest ills.
It is in calumniating us that these Philanthropists have propagated their doctrine; they represent us to those who are unacquainted with the colonies as the murderers of our slaves and the tyrants of the colored free people. Humanity and our interest induce us to preserve the former, and the latter are upon the footing of white citizens under the immediate protection of the law which renders their persons and properties secure.
Cast, Sire, a kind look over your colonies, and you will see them peopled with Frenchmen who tenderly love you, and who are entitled by every claim to your affection. Condescend to receive in a favorable manner their just complaints. If it is not too late, prevent the calamities with which we are threatened, and refuse your assent to an act so big with mischief; and if it is already sanctioned, interpose your authority and stop its promulgation.
We are, Sire, with respect for your Majesty, the most humble and faithful French colonists of St. Domingo.
(Signed) GRENIER, President.
PETIT DESCHAMPEAUX, Vice-President.
BOUYSSON, } Secretaries. POULET, } FRANCOIS DE CHAUMONT, }
L I S B O N, May 14.
WE have received an affecting account from our squadron which failed from this port the latter end of last month. Don Joseph Mello Brayner was giving his orders to the captain of the Minerva frigate in the bay of Lagos, on the 29th of April, when a sudden squall broke the cordage of a yard, which fell on the breast of the admiral, who died a few hours afterwards. By his death our navy loses an experienced officer, and a man who is universally regretted.
V I E N N A, June 4.
The Turks have thrown a bridge of boats over the Danube near Silistria, and mean to pass the river, notwithstanding the representations that have been made to them. They have already passed horses once into the opposite meadows to the number of five or six thousand, and have even erected tents there.
This proceeding of the Turks gives cause for reflection, and as it is by no means conformable to the terms of the Armistice, which will expire in a few days; we shall soon see what steps they will take when the use of the meadows is refused them.
Our Bishop Filaret has just received certain advices, that the Russians are in motion near Silistria, with an intention, as is supposed, of destroying the bridge of boats which the Turks have constructed there.
Extract of a letter from Constantinople.
"We have been for these six weeks past in the most cruel alarms—fires exist night and day, both in the city and suburbs; neither the strength nor activity of the government has been able to put a stop to this calamity, which will destroy all the habitations. From what we observe with our

own eyes, it appears that the soldiery as well as the citizens are discontented; for if the troops were not in league with the incendiaries, this scourge could not long exist.
"The ravages which the flames have made in Constantinople, in Pera and Galatea, are beyond estimation. Nor does the government seem to wish to have an accurate idea of the losses."
"All the Franks are astonished to see the steadiness of the Sublime Porte under these circumstances, and are at a loss what to think."
"But the politicians who see clearly, say that Selim III. is persuaded, or has been induced by foreign insinuations, to think that the people are not discontented with the war, but only the want of success; and in consequence of this principle he flatters himself that their uneasiness will be converted into joy as soon as couriers arrive with an account of the Empire of Russia being attacked by powerful fleets in the Baltic, and that by this division the Grand Vizier will be in a situation to give law in his turn on the banks of the Danube, if we may rely on the language of the Ottoman Ministry, we may expect accounts within a fortnight, as they consider the affairs already settled."
W A R S A W, April 30.
The Compte Malachowski, Marshall of the Confederation, and of the Diet, went, immediately after the adoption of the new constitutional articles, to the Hotel de Ville , accompanied by a great number of Nonces and other gentlemen, and took, as citizens, the civic oath.
The citizens of Warsaw manifested their joy at this event by unanimous acclamations, and by a concert of music playing at the same time.
The people attempted to take off the horses from the Marshall's chariot, and to draw it themselves, but he would not accept this honour, which he considered as degrading to his fellow citizens.
The spirit of the Nation seems entirely changed. Several of the representatives have gone into mourning for M. Mirabeau, who is considered, as having nobly defended the rights of Man, and the justice which ought to be reciprocally observed between nations and their sovereigns.
P A R I S, May 27.
A riot, that gave much alarm, happened on Sunday last, in the Thuilleries, and which was occasioned by the ill behaviour of several grenadiers of the National Guard, who grossly affronted the people walking there. Whether any thing more mischievous than what happened was expected is not generally known, but from this period the King's guard has been reinforced.
JUNE 15.
We have just received letters from Bonn, which say that the general report in that city is, that Messrs. L'Artois and Conde mean immediately to quit Germany, and return to Paris. Should this be the case, they add, adieu counter-revolution! We only repeat this as it is a report.
But other accounts assure us, that the black army, which in Alsace they term the army of "thirty-three," is daily augmenting the number of its officers, without gaining any addition in men.
Our letters from Bourdeaux say, "That they have given there an entertainment to Ernest Augustus, son of George III. king of Great-Britain," and add, "they do not know how king George will receive this news, as they know he is not fond of the revolutionists, and had particularly forbid his son to become too familiar with these heretics."
The remains of Voltaire are expected to arrive between the 15th and 20th.
The assassination of Mr. Mauduit, an account of which was read to the assembly on Thursday, produced a general indignation against the perpetrators, and the assembly has promised to bring his murderers to justice.
L O N D O N, May 24.
There are few Sovereigns at present who enjoy a greater share of happiness and security than the King of Poland. As a private character, Stanislaus was always esteemed—but his ready acquiescence in the new constitution, has gained him the hearts of all his subjects. He is now the King of Freemen! a title not extorted from him, but to which he aspired.
A number of gun boats, lately constructed at the merchants yards, have been put together in the boat-house at Deptford-yard, to be surveyed by the Commissioners of the Navy; after which they are to be taken to pieces, and sent on board the men of war under the command of Lord Hood, destined for the Baltic.
The sub-treasurer and steward of the society of Lincoln's-Inn, has lately absconded to America, with no less a sum than 14,000l. belonging to the society and a few individuals who had entrusted him with sums of money. He had received the rents of the society to the latest date, and had borrowed money wherever he could raise it. He had previously destroyed the books of
the society, and sold every article of his own furniture. He had been absent some time before his elopement was discovered, under pretence of going to Margate for his health.
On Wednesday last died, Mr. Van Veyhovin, a Dutchman, at his lodgings in Air-street, Piccadilly. He departed, where he had lived, in a garret. The fortune he has left behind him, it is said, amounts to 400,000l.
He had reached the great age of 76—in which he had daily denied to himself the necessaries of life. To those whom he had solicited to attend his funeral, he did not leave mourning.
Amongst the sums he has bequeathed in Public Charities, are the following:
  To an Hospital, 60,000   To propagate the Christian Religion in foreign parts, 90,000   To cleanse the streets of Dublin from Vagrants, 20,000 
Our ingenious Correspondent, who favors us with this, says—"That had he appeared there, with his old wig and tattered blue coat, he would inevitably have fallen a victim to his own bounty."
June 7. Saturday, while the guns were firing in St. James's Park, a pickpocket was industriously following his vocation; being however detected, he had the temerity to draw a knife, and threatened any one with instant annihilation that should presume to lay hold of him; this so justly exasperated those present, that they seized the daring wretch, and harrassed him up and down the Park, then took him to the bason, where they kept dragging him through until he was nearly exhausted.
June 14. The following is a more correct account of the Russian fleet, which was ready to sail from Cronstadt the 18th of last month, than has been yet published:
  Ships of 100 guns, on three decks, 4   Ditto of 92 ditto 1   Ditto of 76 on two decks, 2   Ditto of 74 ditto 9   Ditto of 70 ditto 5   Ditto of 66 ditto 2   total of the line—23   Frigates 7 Cutters 4   Sloops 9 Luggers 2   Store Ships 11 Shallops 2   Gun Boats 13 Ordnance Barges 7 
THE PROROGATION.
At three o'clock his Majesty came in the usual state to the House of Peers; the sword of state was borne by Earl Walsingham, and the cap of maintenance by Earl Cardigan.
His Majesty being seated on his throne in his Royal robes, with the usual solemnities, Sir Francis Molyneux (Gentleman Usher of the Black Rod) was ordered to the Commons, to command their immediate attendance on his Majesty.
The Commons attended accordingly, and their Speaker addressed his Majesty to the following effect:—That he held in his hand a Bill enabling the Governor and Company of the Bank of England, to pay into the receipt of his Majesty's Exchequer, 500,000l. which closed the surplus granted by his Majesty's most faithful Commons, for the services of the year: that in the course of a long and laborious session, his Majesty's faithful Commons had given a recent instance of their duty and attachment to his Royal Person, by making a provision out of the aggregate revenue of the Kingdom, for the relief of the Civil List from an expence necessary to the maintenance and support of one of the younger branches of his Majesty's Royal and August Family:—Feeling the blessings of our own happy constitution his Majesty's faithful Commons had, on the same principles, provided a Government for the province of Quebec: and that his Majesty's faithful Commons had provided for the maintenance of the honor of his Majesty's crown, by coming to a unanimous vote to enable his Majesty to augment his navy, in order to give weight to his Majesty's negotiations for restoring peace to the contending powers. He concluded by reading the title of the Bank Loan Bill.
The Bank Loan, and other Bills agreed to by both Houses, were immediately passed by the Clerk's in the usual form.
His Majesty was then pleased to make the following most gracious speech:
"My Lords and Gentlemen,
"In closing the present session of Parliament, I cannot omit expressing my satisfaction in that zeal for the public interests with which you have applied yourselves to the consideration of the different objects which I recommended to your attention.
"The measures which have been adopted for defraying the extraordinary expences of last year, in such a manner as not to make any permanent addition to the public burthens, and the provisions which have been made for the good government and prosperity of my subjects in Canada, call for my particular acknowledgments.
"Gentlemen of the House of Commons,
"I return you my thanks for the readiness with which you have granted the supplies ne-
cessary for the public service, and for the proof of your affectionate attachment in enabling me to provide for a part of the charges of the younger branches of my family out of the Consolidated Fund.
"My Lords and Gentlemen,
"I am not yet enabled to inform you of the result of the steps which I have taken with a view to the re-establishment of peace between Russia and the Porte: It is my earnest wish that this important object may be effectuated in such a manner as may contribute to the preservation and maintenance of the general tranquility of Europe. I feel with the greatest satisfaction the confidence which you have reposed in me, and my constant endeavours will be directed to the pursuit of such measures as may appear to me to be the best calculated to promote the interests and happiness of my people, which are inseparable from my own."
"My Lords and Gentlemen,
"It is his Majesty's Royal will and pleasure, that this Parliament be prorogued to Tuesday the 16th of August next, to be then and there holden; and the Parliament is accordingly prorogued to Tuesday the 16th day of August next."
JUNE 16.
The Attorney-General has filed an information, ex officio , upon the provisions of the last bill, against Mr. Holland, lately arrived in the Rodney, upon a charge of having accepted a present of 120,000l. from a single donor.
The Russians, it is now confirmed, have received a check before Brahilow, which has occasioned them to raise the siege of that place.
The messenger from Peterburgh, with Mr. Fawkener's first dispatches, is expected at the Secretary of State's office in the course of Sunday or Monday.
The accounts brought by the Seraphis, East-Indiaman, which arrived at L'Orient on Friday last, are in the highest degree favorable to the interests of this country in India. They state, particularly, that Tippoo was reduced, by his repeated flights, to such straits as to be in actual want of common necessaries, even for his body guards; and in this perilous situation had at length made overtures for a pacification to Earl Cornwallis, in the most humiliating manner.
The Cabinet now consists of the following members:—Mr. Pitt, Lord Thurlow, Lord Camden, Marquis of Stafford, Lord Grenville, Mr. Dundas, Lord Chatham, Duke of Richmond, and Lord Hawkesbury.
Of these, four are generally in the habit of agreeing with the first Lord of the Treasury, viz. Lords Camden, Chatham, Grenville, and Mr. Dundas. The Marquis of Stafford has always gone with the Chancellor, and the Duke of Richmond stands by himself. Lord Hawkesbury has, ever since the secession of the Earl of Bute, been considered as the chief of that party which is distinguished by the appellation of the King's friends.
The fleet, in spite of two months pressing, is still very deficient of men; and, unless the West-India ships come in time to supply it, must put to sea without its proper complement. This was the case with the fleet equipped last year; it was not completely manned, although six months were employed in preparing it for sea.
Tuesday night and Wednesday morning the press on the river was so great, that they cleared every ship of their hands, not regarding protections, and picked up about 230 men.
Some thousands of men have been employed within the last four months in strengthening the works at Reveil, erecting fresh batteries, and putting the old works in a complete state of repair.
Mr. Boswel, in his life of Johnson, has endeavored to refute the long received opinion that Savage, the poet, was Lady Macclesfield's son. He supposes him to be an impostor, and to have deceived Johnson into a belief of his story. Mr. B. brings forward some circumstances and reasoning, which do not, however, we think, amount to a certainty, when put into the balance against the evidence for Savage's illegitimately-honourable descent.
A correspondent observes, that Mr. Sayer's new print, entitled, Mr. Burke's pair of spectacles for short sighted politicians , in respect to just and lucky hits, is allowed to exceed all his other satirical effusions. The following are the chief circumstances represented in it:
A hand displays a pair of spectacles, the glasses of which exhibits the captivating countenance of Messrs. Fox and Sherrymede—the former whimpering, and the latter pouting. The Duke of Portland (his nose fastened to a string held by Mr. Fox) is seated on a fragment of the column proposed to be erected at Runnymede. Mr. Fox, in the character of Cromwell, with the national cockade of France in his hat, is applying his axe (on which the Rights of Man are engraved) to the root of our constitutional tree. On its brows the escutcheons of hereditary honours, &c. are suspended. Busy devils (poor Charles's associates) are striving to cut down these emblems with scissars, scythes, &c.

Reports of an invasion are industriously circulated, by the friends of freedom, in every part of France, in order to support the cause of freedom. Every fresh alarm adds friends to the cause, and induces the Revolutionists to unite with more warmth, for their general support and protection.
The force of the Turks on the Black Sea is superior to that of Russia, consisting of 18 line of battle ships, 31 frigates, and upwards of 60 gun sloops. It failed on the 5th of May.
The Polish monarch, in the godlike triumph of his heart, makes kings of citizens: and in imitation of that great authority, which said—“Let there be light, and there was light”—this king says to his subjects, enjoy the light of reason—be free.
JUNE 21.
As Chroniclers we should notice the extreme coldness of the season. Sharp frosts have appeared every morning for some days past; by which all tender plants have been greatly hurt, and the farmers, we learn, are apprehensive, as the wheat is now in bloom, that it will greatly suffer. We may say with Shakespeare,
“Hoary-headed frost Dwells in the fresh lap of the crimson rose.”
Accounts from various parts of the country, inform us that on the mornings of Monday, Tuesday and Wednesday in the last week, the frosts were very severe, and did much damage to gardens situated near rivers or moist vallies. We hear of ice half an inch thick, and hailstones an inch in diameter. The Thermometer was on those days many degrees lower than we have often known it in December. Let the Philosophers account for such phenomena in the middle of June.
COMMEMORATION OF HANDEL.
The first performance in Westminster Abbey, was yesterday attended by about fourteen hundred persons: Their Majesties, and the three Princesses were present, attended by the Duke of Montrose, Lord Amherst, &c. &c. The King was dressed in scarlet and gold; the Queen in a green and silk tissue. The Princesses were all in striped silks; their head-dresses, as usual, very plain, with a small bunch of flowers in their caps. The King looked extremely well, and in high spirits.
The grand Coronation Anthem was performed in a most exact and capital manner.
Signor David displayed his astonishing powers to great advantage in “Fell rage and black despair.” Their Majesties, before whom this was David’s first appearance, expressed astonishment mixed with the most lively pleasure.
The chorus of “Hail Stones,” had such an effect as to draw tears from the Queen. The duet, “The Lord is my strength,” was never better sung, than by Signora Storace, and Mrs. Crouch. The performance was ended about a quarter before four o’clock.
PRICES OF STOCKS, JUNE 21.
  Bank Stock, 186 1-8 85 7-8   3 Per Cent. Reduced, 81 1-8 80 7-8   3 Per Cent. Consolidated, 82   4 Per Cent. 1777, 101 1-4 1-8   Bank Long Annuities, 23 3-4   English Lottery Tickets, 161 6d.   Irish Tickets, 61 16s. 6d.   London Exchange on Dublin, 8 3-8 
PORTSMOUTH, June 19.
The whole of the grand fleet at Spithead is 60 sail: there are 7 flags flying, which make a very formidable appearance. The ships are manned with good seamen in general, as no landmen have been pressed during the whole of the bustle.
NEW BERN, August 6.
Extract of a letter from an officer of the United States in France, March 20.
“Yon have heard I have been appointed by Congress Vice-Consul of the United States at this port. The commissions of the American Consuls in this kingdom, though since four months in the hands of the French Ministry at Paris, are still detained there (I know not from what motive) to receive the necessary exequatur; meanwhile these officers cannot be recognized by the Executive Power in their respective districts. I hope, however, we shall soon receive them: until then I will not wear the uniform, and the arms of the United States will not be fixed on the door of my house.”
NEW-YORK, August 18.
Extract of a letter from Mr. Obadiah Herbert, of Mount Pleasant (in Middletown New-Jersey) to his friend in New-York.
“I have finished my WHEEL, and it answers all the purposes I told you of. It spins, doubles, twists and reels off the thread at the same time. The machinery is such that it does not impair the velocity of the rim in the least; and it is allowed by a number who have seen it, to be a complete piece of machinery. Some of the best spinners say it runs as easy as they can with, and answers the purpose extremely well.”
Philadelphia, August 24.
By a gentleman who left Cadiz the 19th July, we learn, that it was currently reported and universally believed at that place, that the King, Queen and Dauphin of France having left Paris, had got to a distance of 50 leagues—when they were discovered, arrested and carried back.
By the July Packet, arrived at New-York, English papers are received to the 6th July—We have been favored by a brother Typo, with the perusal of several numbers of the Morning Chronicle, from which we have time to collect only a few particulars of the above interesting event: The King, Queen and Dauphin—with several ladies of the Queen’s bed chamber, accompanied by several of the guards in carriages, left the palace of the Thuilleries on the morning of the 21st June—and had proceeded as far as Varennes (in Lorraine) without interruption; at this place they were recognized by a Dragoon of the name of Drouet, who in concert with a comrade, by the name of William—took their measures with such address as to secure the persons of the Royal Family, without injury or confusion.
News of the King’s being overtaken having reached the National Assembly, Commissioners were immediately appointed to superintend escorting him back to Paris, which was effected without tumult. Separate guards were appointed for the security of the King, Queen, and Dauphin—their attendants were all committed to close confinement. The National Assembly conducted with great calmness, dignity and propriety, on the occasion. Many important Decrees, providing for the immediate security of the kingdom from external and internal attacks, were passed with great promptitude and decision. But with respect to the King and family, the Assembly had resolved not to take any measures but such as were the result of a full and deliberate enquiry into all circumstances attending this extraordinary business. M. Montmorin had been examined before the Assembly, respecting the passport with which the Royal Family had been furnished, when his innocence of being privy to their flight fully appeared. M. La Fayette having had some reflections cast upon him also, the Assembly investigated the subject fully, and resolved that no grounds of suspicion existed; and that full confidence should be reposed in his orders as Commander in Chief.—[In our next we shall endeavor to narrate the interesting particulars of this event.]
Accounts in letters received by the Packet inform, that the Empeis has concluded a peace with the Porte—That great commotions had taken place in Spain, in which some lives were lost.
Yesterday the Legislature of this Commonwealth assembled at the State-House, pursuant to adjournment.
Thursday last the French and Spanish Ministers, together with several other distinguished personages, dined with the President of the United States, and in the evening there was a display of fire-works exhibited nearly opposite the President’s house, by some citizens, in compliment to the company.
East India intelligence received by the latest arrival from Europe, is to the 29th January last.
A letter from Lord Cornwallis, of 28th December, details his future plan of operations—the state of the army, the magazines and military stores, he observes, is such as to give him great satisfaction.
A letter from General Abercrombie, of Dec. 22, to Lord Cornwallis, informs him of the capture of Cannanore, and of Pricackabad, the capital of Tippoo on that coast, by Col. Hartley.—These successes, he adds, have completely cleared the Malabar coast.—The last accounts from Gen. Meadows left him in pursuit of Tippoo near Trichinopoly. Some indirect overtures of a treaty had been received by him from Tippoo’s Minister. The fort and garrison of Daraporam having been taken by the enemy, Tippoo’s engagement with Capt. Evans, the commander, were scrupulously adhered to on the part of the Conqueror.
A letter of 28th January informs, that Lord Cornwallis, having taken the command of the army, expects to begin his march for the Mysore Country in a few days.
In a late debate in the National Assembly of France, one of those denominated Aristocrats complained most bitterly of the tyranny of the majority in not being permitted to finish a declaration which he was uttering against the report of a committee on a particular subject.
It is reported that a motion has been made in the National Assembly to divide the members by lot, into two houses—this division to take place at the commencement of every new Assembly—this mode of division to be adopted that the most perfect equality may be preserved;—what the result was, does not appear.
It is the constant and uniform language of the Patriots of France that the law is supreme;—this idea, it is presumed, includes both the law and the constitution, and is certainly just. How little do these Patriots know of Liberty, compared to a late writer in one of the Eastern papers, who has asserted that “every one has a constitutional right to attempt to alter it [that is, the Constitution of the United States] when he chooses to do it.”
A late Boston paper informs, that on the representations of the municipalities and others to the King of France, against the decree granting to the free people of colour in the islands, the same privileges which the whites enjoy, he had refused to sign it, and had sent it back to the Assembly—and that in consequence of this refusal, it had not become a law.
Mr. Hastings concluded his defence before the High Court of Parliament in the following animated and bold apostrophe to the British House
of Commons:—“You have told the world, that I have brought great loss and damage upon the East India Company, and disgrace upon the British nation. I tell you, that I improved your resources; that I made a numerous people happy; and that the British name and character never stood higher than when I left Bengal.—Every regulation in the East originated in me. I gave you the Salt Revenues, the Opium, Benares and Oude—I formed all the official arrangements; and if any changes have been made, they are modifications only of my systems, for the purpose, as my noble and virtuous successor said (applying his remark to Oude) of rendering the principles established by me the more permanent.—“I gave you all—And what has been my return? A character degraded, as far as you could degrade it—a fortune totally ruined, and a life of impeachment.”
On the 8th of June, in the House of Lords, Earl STANHOPE moved, that the bill for removing all doubts respecting the rights of Juries, be now read a second time.—The Lord Chancellor moved to omit the word NOW, for the purpose of inserting THIS DAY MONTH. After some debate the amendment was carried.
It cannot reasonably be expected, that the dividends of the Bank of the United States, after deducting the charges, which will be heavy at the outset, will amount to the common and legal interest of money, in less than eighteen months or two years from January next;—on this supposition the original subscribers will in effect pay a considerable premium on their shares, by their money’s laying as it were dormant and useless for so long a time.
  Population of Virginia, 747,610   of Kentucky, 73,677   821,287 
In the year 1781 a very inaccurate census was taken, several counties made no return; but supplying by conjecture the deficiencies, the population of Virginia was then computed at 567,614. The increase then is 258,673, and is as 9 to 13 in ten years.
The increase of slaves, during those ten years, has been less than it had been observed for a century before. The reason is, that about 20,000 slaves perished with the small-pox, or camp-fever, caught from the British army, or went off with them, while Lord Cornwallis was roving over that State.
From PELOSI’s MARINE LIST.
ARRIVALS at the PORT of PHILADELPHIA.
  Ship Peggy, Fleming, Lisbon   Levant, Gillis, Liverpool   Cleopatra, Geddes, Belfast   Brig Hope, Linthorne, Newfoundland   Jenny, Brown, Madeira   Maria, Hopkins, Boston   Lady Walterforff, Gardiner, Cadiz   Barque Prudence, Miller, Ferrol   Schooner Adonis, Goddard, Kingston   Sloop Prince of Wales, White, St. Kitts   Liberty, Mountayne, Ditto   Union, Watson, New-York 
PRICE CURRENT.—PUBLIC SECURITIES.
  FUNDED DEBT.   6 pr. Cents 21/3 pr. £. 106 3/4 pr. cent.   3 pr. Cents 12/3 61 1/4 do.   Deferred 6 pr. Cents 12/6 62 1/2 do.   UNFUNDED DEBT.   Final Sett. and other Certificates 20/ par.   Indents 12/3 61 1/4 do.   N. and S. Carolina debts, 15/6.   Bank Subscriptions, 165 to 170 Dollars. 
COMMUNICATION.
AS the situation of the United States is essentially different from that of European countries, in respect to wars and politics, it is difficult to account for the fluctuation in the prices of our stocks—but adverting to facts will enable us in some measure to satisfy ourselves on this point. The appreciation of the Public Securities has been a gradual business—their rise is the result of fair calculation, and a just confidence in the funds and faith of the Government—but the rise in the price of Bank Stock was too rapid for calculation, and too surprizing to leave time for cool reasoning on the subject: It proved a sudden, but powerful temptation to persons in trade, to step out of their usual course; this brought a new capital into the market, which aided the balloon in its flight. From an unnatural elevation it has descended with greater rapidity than it rose, and many are left in a novel and unpleasant situation. The real excess beyond its value, that has been paid for Script, is a loss that must fall somewhere—the arts which will be employed on this occasion to shift off the burthen, will keep the ball suspended for some time to come. It will be well for those who have already suffered, to examine with great attention the speculating thermometer—the impulses on that machine arise from various combinations formed among a prodigiously cunning set, but whose twisings and tergiversations may be traced by the clue of common sense!
That Script should be at 200 to-day, and 150 to-morrow, cannot be the result of calculation.—He that runs, may read.
GRAY’S GARDENS.
A CONCERT of VOCAL and INSTRUMENTAL MUSIC will begin To-morrow, the 25th of August, at 4 o’clock in the afternoon, and conclude at 9 at night, should the day be fair. Tickets delivered at one Quarter of a Dollar at the Bar. The ship Union will be ornamented in the day, and illuminated at night. The Water-Fall will be much improved, and lighted in such a manner as to make an elegant natural landscape; in the gardens, a great change in the Illumination will take place. Gray’s Ferry, August 24. G. & R. GRAY.

MASSACHUSETTS SEMI-ANNUAL LOTTERY.
CLASS II.
THE MANAGERS of the STATE-LOTTERY assure the Public, that the second Class of the SEMI-ANNUAL LOTTERY will positively commence drawing on the day appointed, viz. On Thursday the 13th of October next, or sooner, if the Tickets shall be disposed of. As the Managers have in their several monthly Lotteries commenced drawing at the hour assigned, so they are determined to be equally as punctual in this.
S C H E M E.
NOT TWO BLANKS TO A PRIZE.
25,000 Tickets, at Five Dollars each, are 125,000 Dollars, to be paid in the following Prizes, subject to a deduction of twelve and an half per cent. for the use of the Commonwealth.
Table with 3 columns: PRIZES, DOLLARS, DOLLARS. It lists various prize amounts and their corresponding dollar values.
25000 Tickets. MANAGERS, who will pay the prizes on demand; of the TREASURER of the Commonwealth; of JAMES WHITE, at his Book-store, Franklin's Head, Court-street—and at other places, as usual. BENJAMIN AUSTIN, jun. DAVID COBB, SAMUEL COOPER, GEORGE R. MINOT, JOHN KNEELAND. Boston, April 14, 1791.
New-Haven Wharf Lottery.
THE Legislature of the State of Connecticut, at their session in December last, granted a Lottery for the purpose of extending Union Wharf, in the harbour of New-Haven, to the channel; and appointed the subscribers managers, who having given bond for the faithful discharge of their trust, present the public with the following
S C H E M E.
Table with 3 columns: Prize of, 10,000 Dollars, is. It lists various prize amounts and their corresponding dollar values.
5842 Prizes. 11658 Blanks. 17500 Tickets, at Five Dollars each, is 87500. NOT TWO BLANKS TO A PRIZE. Subject to a deduction of twelve and a half per cent.
The public utility of extending this wharf, is too evident to require any comment, to those who are acquainted with the town and harbour of New-Haven; to those who are not, suffice it to say, that its beautiful situation is not surpassed, if equalled by any; being in the heart of a country, which may, with propriety, be said to be the garden of America. The harbour lays open to the sound but by reason of the flats, this wharf is necessarily extended to the channel, where ships can load and unload; and when completed, will be the most extensive and commodious wharf in America, the whole extent being about 3/4ths of a mile; and not only the mercantile interest of New-Haven and the towns adjacent, but the maritime interest of all the States will be benefited by it. The general wish that prevails in the minds of all classes of people, for the success of this enterprize, together with the very great advantage which this scheme holds out to adventurers (there being more capital prizes for the number of tickets than any yet published in America) induce the managers to believe the tickets will meet with a speedy sale.
The drawing will positively commence at the State-House, in New-Haven, on the 13th of September next, or sooner, if the tickets are sold.
A list of the fortunate numbers will be published, and the prizes paid on demand, by the managers. Those prizes not called for in nine months after drawing, will be deemed as generously given for the use of the wharf, and appropriated accordingly.
MANAGERS:
JAMES RICE, MICHAEL TODD, JEREMIAH ATWATER, ELIJAH AUSTIN, JOSEPH DRAKE, JOSEPH HOWELL. New-Haven, April 14, 1791.
TICKETS in the above Lottery may be had at the Compting-house of Messrs. STEPHEN AUSTIN, and Co. corner of Front and Pine-Streets.
Who will pay the prizes which may be drawn by Tickets purchased of them in said Lottery.
Tickets in the Massachusetts Lottery that have drawn prizes, will be received in payment for the above tickets.
Public Notice is hereby given,
to all whom these presents shall come, or in any wise concern, That JAMES GARDNER, late of Wilmington, North-Carolina, deceased, did make four promissory notes payable to SAMUEL JACKSON, of Philadelphia, Merchant, all bearing date the 19th July, 1785, one for three hundred and seventy-one pounds, payable in six months—one for seven hundred and forty two pounds, in nine months—one for seven hundred and forty pounds, in twelve months—and one for seven hundred and forty-five pounds thirteen shillings and three-pence, in fifteen months, amounting in the whole to two thousand five hundred and ninety-eight pounds thirteen shillings and three-pence, and payable in produce at Wilmington:—Which said notes have been assigned by the said Samuel Jackson to THOMAS MACKIE and Co. and JAMES HOOD, Merchants, Philadelphia, and have since, in the life-time of the said Gardner, by him been accounted for and paid in part to the amount of two thousand and forty-seven pounds fifteen shillings and six-pence, to the said THOMAS MACKIE, and Co. in proof of which the subscribers have sufficient vouchers.
These are therefore to caution all persons from purchasing said notes as they will not be taken up.
THOMAS WRIGHT, ROBERT SCOTT, M. R. WILLKINGS, Executors.
Wilmington, North-Carolina, 27th May, 1791. (c p. 3 m.)
Charlestown (Mass.) Lottery.
CLASS XXII.
THE MANAGERS of said LOTTERY present to the Public the following
S C H E M E
Of the TWENTY-SECOND CLASS, Consisting of 7000 Tickets, at THREE DOLLARS each, 21,000 Dollars.
Table with 3 columns: Prize of, 2500 Dolls. is. It lists various prize amounts and their corresponding dollar values.
This Class will commence drawing on or before the 1st of September.
Tickets may be had of the several Managers in Charlestown, and at the usual places in Boston.
THOMAS HARRIS, MATTHEW BRIDGE, SAMUEL SOLEY, Managers.
Charlestown, May 25, 1791.
HAZARD and ADDOMS,
No. 173, Market-Street, HAVE TICKETS in the above, and in the Massachusetts Second SEMI-ANNUAL LOTTERY, for Sale.
B O O K S.
CAREY, STEWART, and Co.
No. 22, NORTH-FRONT-STREET, HAVE FOR SALE,
A large collection of BOOKS;
Among which are the following AMERICAN EDITIONS.
LOVELASS on Bills of Exchange. Clerk's Vade Mecum. Gilbert's Law of Evidence. Dallas's Reports. Kirby's Connecticut Reports. Conductor Generalis. New Edinburgh Dispensatory. Cullen's First Lines of the Practice of Physic. Rush's Medical Enquiries. Brown's Elements of Medicine. Buchan's Domestic Medicine, latest edition. Clark on Diseases of Horses. Gentleman's Pocket Farrier. Osterwald's Christian Theology. Rise and Progress of Religion in the Soul. Necker on Religious Opinions. Fordyce's Addresses to Young Men. Sermons to Young Women. Poor Man's Help and Young Man's Guide. Newton's Dissertations on the Prophecies. Lectures delivered by Soame Jenyns. The Christian Remembrancer. Future State Eternal. Ruffel's Seven Sermons. Jenyns's Internal Evidence of the Christian Religion. Beattie's Evidence of Ditto. Think Well On't. Devout Christian's Vade Mecum. Edwards's History of Redemption. on the Religious Affections. against Chauncy. Booth's Apology for the Baptists. Doyay Translation of the Vulgate Bible. Enfield's Family Prayers. Methodist Hymns. Watts's Hymns and Psalms. Price's Sermons. Life of Baron Trenck. Smith's Wealth of Nations. Paley's Moral Philosophy. Smellie's Philosophy of Natural History. Nicholson's Natural Philosophy. Junius's Letters. Ramfay's American Revolution. History of America. Morse's Geography. Siege of Gibraltar. Shaw's Abridgement of Bruce's Travels. Keate's Account of the Pelew Islands. Pike's Arithmetic. Gough's Arithmetic, altered by Workman. Clark's Introduction to the making of Latin. Doddsley's Fables. P. Ovidii N. fonis Metamorphoseon, l. X. Philadelphia Latin Grammar. Ruddiman's Rudiments. Schoolmaster's Assistant. Selecta e Veteri Testamento Historiae. Scott's Lessons on Elocution. Sargeant's Short Hand. Wettenhall's Greek Grammar. Young Man's Companion. Catechism of Nature. Hervey's Meditations. Young's Night Thoughts. Thomson's Seasons. Rudiments of Taste. Klopfstock's Messiah. Lavater's Aphorisms.
IMPORTED BOOKS.
Kennet's Roman Antiquities. Trimmer's Sacred History, 6 vols. Nicholson's Navigation. Alexander's Experimental Enquiries. Experimental Essays. Huxham on Fevers. Virtues and Efficacy of a Crust of Bread. Edinburgh Pharmacopia. Burke's Speeches and Political Tracts. Beauties of the British Senate. Davies's Dramatic Miscellanies. Miss Murray's Mentoria. Stuart's View of Society. Richard Steele's Correspondence. Man of the Moon, 2 vols. Dramatic Pieces. School Dialogues. Andrews's History of the American War, 4 vols. New Annual Register. Vattel's Law of Nations. Walker's Academic Speaker. Life of Robinson Crusoe. Saville's Miscellanies. School of Wisdom. Knox's Sermons, 2 vols. Description of 300 Animals. Boyle's Voyages. Sterne's Sentimental Journey. The Apocrypha. Marmontel's Belisarius. Journey through Sweden. Dupaty's Travels. Stretch's Beauties of History. Addison's Essay on the Nature and Principles of Taste. Philadelphia, August 6 1791. (w&f&w raw 6:)
PRICE CURRENT.—PHILADELPHIA.
PER QUANTITY.
AUGUST 23.—DOLLARS at 7/6.
Table with 3 columns: Item, Price, and Notes. It lists prices for various goods including Anchors, Allum, Brandy, Braziletto, Bricks, Bread, Beer, Boards, Beef, Butter, Cedar, Chocolate, Coal, Coffee, Cinnamon, Cheese, Sper. pr. lb., Wax, Myrtle Wax, Mould, Tallow, Dipped, Cotton, Currants, Cloves, Copperas, Cordage, Cocoa, Duck, Russia, pr. piece, Ravens, Flour, Superfine, pr. bbl., Common, pr. bbl., Bur middlings, best, Middlings, Ship-stuff pr. cwt., Flax, Fustic, pr. ton, Feathers, pr. lb., Flaxseed, pr. bush., Glue, pr. cwt., Ginger, whiterace, Ditto, common, Ditto, ground pr. lb., Ginseng, Gunpowder, cannon, pr. quarter cask, Ditto, fine glazed, Gin, Holland, pr. gall., Do. pr. cafe, Wheat pr. bush., Rye, Oats, Indian corn, Barley, Best shelled pr. lb., Buckwheat, Hemp, for, pr. ton, American, pr. lb., Hoghead hoops, pr. M., Herring, pr. bbl., Hides, raw pr. lb., Hops, Indigo, French, Carolina, Irons, fad pr. cwt., Castings, Bar pr. ton, Pig, Sheet, Nail rods, Junk, pr. cwt., Lard, hogs, Lead in pigs, in bars, Lead, white, red, Leather, foal pr. lb., Lignum vitae pr. ton, Logwood, Meal, Indian, pr. bbl., Rye, Mackack, best, Common, Mace pr. lb., Mustard, Pepper, Madder, best, Molasses pr. gall., Marble, wrought, pr. foot., Mast spars, Mahogany, Nutmegs pr. lb., Nails, 10d 12d & 20d—8d 8 1/2d 9d, Linseed, pr. gall., Train, Spermaceti, Whale, Olive, Ditto pr. cafe, Best sweet in flasks, pr. box., baskets 12 bottles 37 1/2d, Oak timber pr. ton, Porter pr. bl., London, pr. doz. 12 1/2d 15s.
Table with 2 columns: Item, Price. It lists exchange rates for various locations and terms.
Blank Powers to receive the Interest, and for the transfer of the principal of public debt, agreeable to the Rules established in the Treasury Department: Also Blanks for abstracts of Certificates, to be sold by the Editor. The JOURNAL of the THIRD SESSION of the SENATE of the UNITED STATES, may be had of the Editor hereof. The price of this Paper is 3 Dollars per ann.