Gazette of the United-States. (New-York [N.Y.]), 1792-08-11 00:00:00

Gazette of the United States.
A NATIONAL PAPER, PUBLISHED WEDNESDAYS AND SATURDAYS BY JOHN FENNO, No. 69, HIGH-STREET, PHILADELPHIA.
[No. 21, of Vol. IV.]
SATURDAY, AUGUST 11, 1792.
[Whole No. 433.]
FROM THE AMERICAN MUSEUM. REFLECTIONS on the STATE of the UNION.
Concerning the Banks established in the United States.
THESE valuable institutions were unknown to us before the revolution, being added to the political economy in the latter part of the war. The paper emissions in the times of the provinces, had yielded some of the advantages of bank notes, though with less safety to those who received them. But the degree in which they were unavoidably resorted to, in the course of the war, had completely destroyed the utility of paper money in 1781. The state of public credit, and indeed of the public affairs in general, as well as the exigencies of the cultivators, merchants, and manufacturers, required an efficient substitute for an instrument of negotiation and dealing, of so great compass. The scheme of a bank presented itself in the manner, which is universally known, as the most probable mean of accommodating the general necessities, political, agricultural, and commercial. The promises, which the plan made, were abundantly fulfilled: and at the same time a standard of public conduct and action in regard to the rights of property, was unobstructedly erected, at a moment when the recent course of events had rendered it very desirable, as well from political as moral considerations. It has been found, accordingly, that the laws which concern property, in the place where banks have been established, have quickly acquired a stability, if they were good, and have ameliorated, if they were before exceptionable, notwithstanding any supposed or real errors in the plans or administration of the institutions.
In reflecting upon these establishments, one cannot but call to mind a suggestion, which frequently occurs, that too large a portion of the capital of the United States, has been applied to them. Few pecuniary operations are of as much importance. In estimating the extent to which we might have gone with prudence, an examination of the state of that business in a successful and at the same time the best known scene of trade in Europe, may be of some use. In the city of London, the bank of England (exclusively of that of Scotland) has operated with a capital of more than fifty millions of dollars about forty-six years. The population of England, on a medium, during that term, has been less than double that of the United States at present; yet the capital of its bank has been above five times the capital of our national bank, and near five times the amount of all the subscriptions which are yet paid into all the banks in the United States. There are, moreover, a great number of private banks in the same city, probably not less than sixty in number, some of which have more capital stock, than any bank in this country, except that of the United States. The aggregate amount of their capitals is probably equal to that of the bank of England. Besides these, there are very many considerable private banks scattered through the kingdom. In addition to these, there are the public and the private banks of Scotland. If the banks of England and Scotland, public and private, out of London, be equal to the private banks of London alone, then the capital of those institutions in Great Britain, will be 150,000,000 dollars, or above fourteen times as many dollars as there are persons in that kingdom, though the whole of the stocks of the banks in the United States, which are paid in, are not equal to three times the number of their inhabitants. Again. If the banks of Great Britain be measured by the exports of that island, it will be found, that the latter, at their highest value (ninety millions of dollars) are only three fifths of their aggregate bank capital, and that our exports, at 18,250,000 dollars, are above two thirds more than all our bank capital, which is actually paid in. Taking the British imports at 80,000,000 of dollars, and those of the United States at 24,000,000, the comparison will be still more in favour of the discretion, which has been observed in the United States. But a very important measure of these institutions yet remains to be applied, by which prudent men will be disposed to test the subject—the quantity of specie. The bank capital of Great Britain being, as above stated, about 150 millions of dollars, and the quantum of specie being never estimated at more than 22,000,000 sterling, or 97,700,000 dollars, the aggregate bank capitals of the United States, as now paid in (ten and one half millions of dollars) would be as prudently, and solidly founded on a quantity of specie a little less than seven millions of dollars. Although it would be impossible to ascertain the precise amount of the specie of the United States, estimates carefully made, appear to warrant a belief, that it is equal to that sum. But while examinations like these seem to abate and even entirely to destroy the apprehension, that we may have pursued the business of banking to the injury of agriculture, manufactures, and commerce, some circumstances of a prudent nature are not to be overlooked. When forming these establishments, we may commit errors, perhaps, in carrying into one scene too great a proportion of the capital appropriated to their creation. Hence the found policy of subtracting from the mass of the bank
of the United States, to establish branches at New-York, Boston, Baltimore, Charleston, and (as is intended) in Virginia, ministering to the convenience, the necessities, and the interests of government, the planter, the farmer, the merchant, the navigator, the fisherman, the shipbuilder, the manufacturer and the mechanic, in six several and variant scenes, instead of accumulating in one great mass, a superabundant capital—a political magnet attracting, through devious courses, and attaching all things to its own vicinity.
It is possible to err, too, in the disposition of banking establishments, by superadding to those which already accommodate a particular scene, rather than introducing the new institutions into places hitherto without them. The United States contain five or six great local subdivisions of trade, resulting principally from the important dictates of the nature of things. In most of those great spheres, there is more than one considerable and flourishing town, though there is in each, one which has an acknowledged pre-eminence. When a reasonable portion of bank capital has been introduced into one of these commercial metropolises, the establishment of a new bank would seem to be most expedient in the trading town of the next degree of consideration. It is true, that so far as the operation is an employment, or application of the property of individuals, it must be left (within the laws) to their own will, but as the act of incorporation places the subject within the power of the legislatures, and within the sphere of their cares and duties, so it is highly important that these institutions be modified in their original formation, upon principles of distributive justice, in regard to the reasonable accommodation of the arts of commerce within their sphere of legislation, and of all the landed citizens, who resort to them for the sales of their surplus produce, or the purchase of their supplies.
A precious consequence has resulted from the distribution of banks through different parts of the United States. Like all great objects, these institutions, while operating very beneficially in regard to the business of a country, are liable to be rendered instrumental to local party views. Being committed, as in the United States, to ten several boards of directors, selected for the service on account of their property, integrity, talents, and attention to business, and whose primary duties are the legal, discreet, and beneficial execution of their trust, it is not probable, nor, indeed, is it in their power, to deviate from their proper walk, into the ground of political combination and intrigue. A circumstance observable in the bank of the United States, will not fail to attract the attention of cautious men. The portion of public debt, which enters into the composition of their stock, is the particular contemplated. In this respect, the bank of England, and the bank of Ireland (which are among the best accredited of those institutions in Europe) exceed that of the United States in the proportion of one third. It is very favorable to our institution, that the national debt, and ordinary and extraordinary expenses of both Great-Britain and Ireland are much greater in proportion to wealth and numbers, than those of the United States, and that our government is not less free from error, nor more likely to be disturbed than theirs. It cannot, therefore, be more unsafe to confide in our institution, which contains three fourths, than in theirs which is wholly composed of public debt. It is, moreover, true, and worthy of observation, that most of the other banks in the United States (and particularly the three largest) have voluntarily and by their own operations placed considerable portions of their stock upon the credit of the United States, by purchasing largely of the public debt, and by giving at this time extensive credits founded upon its security. The market value of the public debt, which is generally greater in specie than its nominal amount, renders that part of the bank stock, which is composed of it, intrinsically more valuable than that which is in coin.
(TO BE CONTINUED.)
CHARGE,
Delivered by the CHIEF JUSTICE of the United States, to the Grand Jury of the Circuit Court of Vermont, held at Bennington, the 25th June.
GENTLEMEN of the GRAND JURY, TO contemplate offences, and to prescribe punishments, are unpleasing but necessary tasks; being imposed by the nature of civil society, and by those vices which often prompt individuals to violate the rights of others.
Although no proposition is more true, than that the interests and the duties of men are inseparable, yet it is unfortunately and equally true, that their conduct does not always correspond with the excellent principle. Accurate ideas of interest are far from being universal; and even of those who know what is right, the number is not inconsiderable, whom the delusion or force of predominant passions daily seduce or impel to do wrong. Hence it is that governments or laws which are calculated only on the virtues of mankind, always terminate in disorder and disappointment, while, on the contrary, those which regard only their vices are generally marked by oppression and undue severity. Both should be considered with equal attention, or a just estimate of their influence
and operation cannot be formed, nor a proper mean between the two extremes observed. It is pleasing to remark, that the national laws appear to have been mindful of both; for while they meet transgression with punishment, their mildness manifests much confidence in the reason and virtue of the people. A confidence which the commendable observance of these laws has fully justified.
Let me remind you, gentlemen, that in all societies there will be individuals whose conduct acknowledges no morality but convenience; and who can only be restrained from offences by motives adapted to their ideas of interest—that is, by penalties and by punishment. Proceed then to inquire, whether any or what offences against the national laws have been committed, and by whom, within this district: Or on the high seas by persons in or belonging to it. All offences from treason to misdemeanors are the objects of your enquiry. It is important that none of the laws be violated with impunity, for being all made for the good, and by the authority of the people, it is highly interesting to the prosperity and honor of the nation, that they be respected and observed: But as they differ in degrees of importance, it is proper that your attention, although extended to all, should in a particular manner be directed to those, whose objects are of the greatest magnitude, and whose due observance more immediately concerns the public prosperity.
Of this description are those that respect the revenue—that revenue, which is to afford funds for the support of our government, and consequently of our rights and liberties; and for the payment of those debts which were contracted for their defence and establishment—debts which we are under the highest moral as well as political obligations to discharge with the utmost punctuality and good faith.
Among the laws made for these purposes, there is one, whose name and object have rendered it liable to misrepresentation, and to imputations it does not merit—I mean the one commonly called the excise act—similar names are apt to excite familiar ideas and prejudices; but things and not names ought to decide our judgments. Enlightened citizens will see and judge for themselves, and thereby avoid the risk of those impositions by which artifice usually dupes ignorance and credulity. This act in its provisions bears scarcely any resemblance to those in Britain, which have rendered their very titles odious. They who will be at the trouble of comparing the act in question with them, will find that it omits and avoids all those improper intrusions on domestic rights, and all those oppressive restrictions, which have and ever will and ought to excite the indignation of free people.
The United States present to the world an unprecedented instance of a nation providing for all their pecuniary exigencies, without having any recourse to direct taxation; or burthening the lands, or any of its productions, with the least impost or duty.
Should fraud be practised and permitted to prevail, the present happy system would cease to afford adequate supplies; and necessity would constrain us to adopt modes of taxation less consistent with our feelings, and in several respects more inconvenient. Let it be remembered, that this revenue is the people's revenue—that the government it is to support, is the people's government—that the debts it is to pay, are the people's debts; and consequently, that they who defraud the revenue, defraud the people.
Among the crimes specified in what is generally called the penal statute, there are two so dangerous to society, as always to merit particular attention—I mean the crime of perjury, and the crime of forgery.
Independent of the abominable insult which perjury offers to the Divine Being, there is no crime more extensively pernicious to society. It discolors and poisons the streams of justice, and by substituting falsehood for truth, saps the foundation of personal and public rights. Controversies of various kinds exist at all times, and in all communities—to decide them, courts of justice are instituted; their decision must be regulated by evidence; and the greatest part of evidence will always consist of the testimony of witnesses—this testimony is given under those solemn obligations, which an appeal to the God of truth imposes; and if oaths should cease to be held sacred, our dearest and most valuable rights would become insecure.
Forgery involves and argues no common degree of turpitude and guilt—although passions cannot legally justify or excuse crimes, yet their impulse sometimes drives men to commit outrages; which in their cooler moments, they disapprove and repent of. The public good requires that they be punished, but they are nevertheless to be pitied. But he who commits forgery, has no violence of passion to prompt, or palliate his conduct. With a heart contaminated with guilt, and a mind polluted with iniquitous desires and designs, he calmly and deliberately prepares and begins his work; and with patience and with caution pursues it. He retires as usual to his bed, and from interval to interval regularly resumes his task in silence, in secrecy, and in solitude undisturbed. He prepares to do injustice to his neighbors and fellow citizens—with care and circumspection he selects those, whose credulity, ignorance, or unsuspicious confidence render them the most easy prey; and exerts the utmost powers of thought and reflection to render fraud and iniquity successful. The folly of all bad men is to be regretted; but the punishment of persons so deliberately wicked, can merit very little compassion.
In a country like this, where paper of various kinds has become a medium in all our pecuniary transactions, forgery should be vigilantly watched, and severely punished; for, whenever the authen-
ticity of paper becomes questionable its credit must diminish, its currency be checked, and its utility destroyed. If an injudicious and unjustifiable tenderness for these atrocious offenders should increase their numbers, and encourage their practices; their arts would extend to every object, on which this species of fraud could operate. Wills and deeds not of our own making, would incurber, endanger, and in many instances, dispose of our estates; especially if perjury should give to the works of forgery numerous witnesses to prove their truth and authenticity.
That government may produce the benefits from it, it is highly requisite that their officers faithfully do the duties of their respective stations. I have no reason to suspect that any of them have acted otherwise than virtuously and worthily; but it is nevertheless proper that attention be regularly paid to their conduct, and that no instance of corrupt or unlawful acts or omissions pass unnoticed, that there be no exactions in public offices, nor any of those reprehensible practices tolerated, which under various forms and pretexts disgrace both the officers and the government.
So far as the prosperity of the people depends on a due observance of their laws, and so far as a due observance of the laws depends on the detection and punishment of transgressors; so far, gentlemen, you are responsible to the public for the diligence and care with which your duties may be fulfilled.
Be vigilant on the one hand; be temperate on the other. Be cautious not to pay too little, or too great, respect to slight circumstances. Offenders know the value of silence and secrecy; and evidence, apparently trivial, often leads to evidence plain and satisfactory. First, diligently inquire, and then maturely consider, whether your evidence be such as to justify your making presentments, or to justify your omitting to make them. Let us strike at the guilty, but be careful not to wound the innocent.
Your oath superadds new and solemn obligations to those which result from the laws of morality, against your permitting any partialities, or any passions to warp or mislead your judgments. You are called upon to look to the affairs of the nation in this district, I presume that you will find them in good order. Governments in many respects must act like individuals. When our affairs are out of order, we should look to them to put them in order—and when our affairs are in good order, we should look to them to keep them so.
For these purposes you gentlemen are the eyes of the public in this district; and being persuaded that you will direct and keep them fixed on the duty of your inquiry and will discharge your duty faithfully, I forbear owing to the remarks which have already been submitted to your consideration.
EXTRACT FROM THE ALBANY GAZETTE OF August 2.
“AN appeal to the people is to be hazarded on very extraordinary occasions only; perhaps no case will justify it but an essential defect in the constitution. It is impossible to foresee or foretell the dangers of a dissolution of government; none can know where it will end or what establishment will be next. The moment that the people put into exercise that sovereign right of resuming their delegated powers, all forms of government cease, and there remains no rule but that of the passions, which are as uncontrollable as the winds; what destruction they may produce, or what direction they may take, is totally uncertain; and it is an equal chance whether they settle finally in the extremes of licentiousness or despotism.
“I know it to be the wishes of many, perhaps they would carry with them the majority of the state, that an opportunity might be afforded to give our constitution more of a democratical cast. It is to be feared, that in attempting to deface what they call its aristocratic features they would vitally wound the excellencies for which it is now famed; and those who are most forward to urge on the drama, would have reason to rue the day on which they took a part in it. The volunteer toast* of the mechanics of New-York, one of the most numerous class of citizens, on the late anniversary of independence, is but a spark escaped from the pent up fires of a volcano; and will suggest, to the mind of one who but a few years ago has seen what disorders entered the field of politics, as soon as soon as the fences of government were thrown down, presages of no desirable aspect. What other toasts may yet be in reserve, may baffle the profoundest politician's researches. On the contrary, we know there are opinions prevailing, that it would promote our peace and welfare, if the interference of the people, in the appointment of their officers, were more limited than it is. In New-Jersey the governor is appointed by the legislature, and as we now have a national president and legislature, they naturally present to us another easier mode of obtaining such an officer than the turbulent one on which we have practised.”
* May the happy period soon arrive when every civil officer shall be immediately elected by the people.
WM. CLELAND, BOSTON,
Transacts business in the Funds of the United States; BANK STOCK, BILLS OF EXCHANGE, &c. Orders from New-York, Philadelphia, or any other part of the Union, will be attended to with DILIGENCE and PUNCTUALITY. June 1. (epim & sawam)

Foreign Affairs.
NAMUR, May 8.
THE repairs made on our fortifications, and the train on our two batteries, place us beyond the fear of any surprise, and M. de Moittel has retired into the castle, with a sufficient number of troops to defend it against all attacks.
FRANKFORT, May 10.
It is already said, that during the election of an Emperor, a camp of 12,000 Hessians will be formed in our environs. We learn that the garrison of Cassel had began its march, on the 5th inst. for this place.
VIENNA, May 3.
The following letter from the King of Hungary to Prince Stahremberg, written on receiving the news of the declaration of war against him by France, will shew how little he expected such an event :
"I am sorry, my dear Prince, to inform you that France has provoked me to a war, when I had but just mounted the throne of my ancestors. I have done nothing to draw on me this war, witness my last declaration to France ; and a proof of it is, that I am not in the least prepared for it. Inform my dear States and faithful subjects of the Upper and Lower-Austria, that they need not be chagrined ; that I will not aggrieve them, for two years, with any extraordinary imposition ; to that purpose I have agreed, with my brethren, to appropriate our entire heritage and all the property of our ancestors. It is evident the French attack us merely because we follow the late system of the late Emperor our Father, who would not long suffer the injustices of a combination of perverse men, who have not hesitated to permit the most unworthy treatment of the King of France, his brother-in-law, and of the Queen his sister."
TREVES, May 12.
It is impossible to express the joy of the French emigrants. The declaration of war has not only fixed the uncertainty of the powers who lulled eluded ; but the commencement of the campaign has filled them with hopes of the most brilliant success. Besides the Austrian account of the affairs at Mons and Tournay, they have caused the following list to be published :
List of Frenchmen arrived at Treves, from the 4th to the 11th of May, both days included.
May 4. Arrived 42 officers, of the regiment of Poitou, and several soldiers.
May 5. 28 officers of artillery, of the garrison of Metz, and some soldiers.
May 6. 13 officers of artillery, of Metz, and 15 citizens well armed and mounted, who brought with them 30,000 livres in specie. This day we learn, that a camp for 14,000 Emigrants has been traced out on the borders of German Lorraine.
May 7. 10 officers of different regiments.
May 8. 12 officers of the regiment of Alsace. This evening, we received advice of the passage of a large Party of the regiment of Berchiny.
May 9. A courier has brought information of the emigration of 130 of the regiment of Berchiny—the remainder had found the passage closed up by a regiment of chasseurs.—This evening the Colonel and twelve officers of the regiment of Royal-Lorraine arrived, with arms and baggage.
May 10. At 12 o'clock we learnt that the whole of the regiment of Royal-Allemand cavalry was within two leagues of Treves, demanding permission to enter, and that they had not eaten any thing for upwards of fourteen hours : 4000 French officers immediately loaded five carriages with provisions, and went to meet them ; the signal of knowing each other was 'Vive le Roi,' and hoisting the white cockade ; a large vessel of wine was purchased from a farmer ; forthwith fifty emigrants requested to be introduced to the regiment ; this moving scene was followed by drinking the healths of the
King, the King of Hungary, the Elector, and the brave regiment.
May 11. A courier informs, that the whole of the regiment of Saxe was in full march towards Arlons and Luxembourg, to join the army of the Princes.
COBLENTZ, May 17.
On the 11th the archives and treasure of the Chapter of Treves were brought in a number of chests, and placed in our fortress for security, for fear of an attack upon the frontiers of Treves.
The Austrian troops have received orders to hasten their arrival at Landau as much as possible by forced marches.
The arrival of emigrants and French deserters is so great that in the course of a few days their number amounts to near five hundred.
BERLIN, May 25.
The Prince Royal, Prince George de Hesse Darmstadt, the Prince de Bade, the Princess de Radzival, General Rodhich, from Potzdam, Duke Charles Eugene de Wurtemberg, from the Empire ; General Prince Eugene de Wurtemberg, from Silesia, and Count d'Einsiedel, the Saxon Minister, from Dresden, are all arrived in this capital.
BRUSSELS, June 5.
On the 2d inst. a declaration was published here, in the name of the King of Hungary, permitting all French vessels, not loaded with warlike stores, to enter freely the port of Ostend.—This permission is to continue so long as the French nation shall suffer the vessels belonging to the King, to carry on their commerce unmolested.
Field Marshal Bender is arrived here, having resigned the command of the army to Count de Clairfayt.—He is to be appointed Governor of the province of Luxemburg. M. de Clairfayt has already made several new arrangements in the army. Since his arrival the camp is in much better condition than before. No action has lately taken place with the French ; but from the movements of both armies since yesterday, we may expect to hear of some important action.
Every day hear, that the King of Prussia will be at Coblenz on the 16th, where his advanced guard is already arrived.
The movements of the Austrian troops are not certainly known, although some detachments arrive occasionally.
PARIS, June 5.
It was yesterday reported that the Austrians, under the command of Charles Prince de Ligne had beat our troops within two miles of Conde. The particulars are not known—nor is the report to be depended upon. La Fayette's army improves in discipline : and he is calumniated and insulted by the Jacobins in proportion as he displays activity among his troops. It is even reported that a plot has been formed to assassinate him.
LONDON, May 29.
The late desertions among the French troops having been less effected by the seduction, than by the treachery of the officers, the princes will have but little reason to confide in men who are thus betrayed, or rather kidnapped into their service.
Lord Howe is appointed Vice-Admiral of England, in the room of Lord Rodney. The emoluments of this office are supposed to be from five to seven hundred a year.
June 1. Yesterday government difficulties were received at Lord Grenville's office, Whitehall, from Sir Morton Eden, his majesty's Envoy at Berlin, which mentioned that the King of Prussia has left that capitol, and is now at the head of the army.
The Parliament, we understand, will be prorogued on the 12th inst. and the slave-trade, as we mentioned in a former paper, adjourned over to next session.
Mr. Hastings has presented a petition to the King, praying that his trial may proceed for 6 days in succession, in which he thinks he shall be able to close his defence.
June 5. Yesterday dispatches were received at the Secretary of State's
office, from Mr. Walpole, his Majesty's Envoy at the court of Lisbon, containing an account of the Queen of Portugal being so much recovered, that Dr. Willis had given his opinion that he had not the least apprehensions of any relapse.
June 8. The City of Exeter has addressed the King, thanking him for the Proclamation.
The town of Manchester, following the example of other loyal towns, has agreed to address the King, thanking him for the proclamation. Indeed it would have been surprising if the country at large had not acted as they have done, for the wisdom of it is manifest to every person except to a few discontented individuals who make it a practice to oppose every measure of government, or to those whose seditious measures may be affected by it.
The intended Camp at Bagshot is given up. What might have been the necessity for forming it, there is now no occasion for any such measure ; the nation at large is unanimous, and sufficient to prevent any tumult.
The vigilance of government in quelling the riots in Mount-street has had the desired effect ; and it is with pleasure we say, that every thing was yesterday in a state of tranquillity. We do not learn that any person has been killed, and the temperate conduct of the military on this occasion deserves every commendation.
We can state, from the best authority, that Mr. Dundas has given directions to Mr. Bond to enquire into the conduct of the Peace Officers who took up the persons on Monday night and confined them in the Mount-street watch house ; and to inform those who were apprehended, that whatever charges of misconduct they may have against the Officers, he will very readily hear their complaints, and grant them any redress the case may seem to require ; for while it is the duty of the Police to prevent disorderly meetings, it can never be their intention to interfere with the innocent amusements of the people.
Extract of a letter from Paris, May 25.
"Last week a patrol of national guards discovered in the middle of the night, in the Place de Louis XV. a detachment of Sans Culottes, who were preparing to decapitate the statue of that monarch. These republicans were armed with hammers and axes. They informed the guards, that they had regularly tried this monarch before their special tribunal, and it having been proved, that he had been wickedly, rashly, and ill-advisedly guilty of high treason against the nation, sentence of decapitation had been passed upon him, which they were going to execute accordingly. These magistrates were conducted to prison by the national guards, without respect for their high assumed office."
HIS MAJESTY'S BIRTH DAY.
The Queen wore the most costly and beautiful dress that ever appeared at court. It was a silver tissue body and train, bordered with lilac, over which was a covering of lace. The petticoat green silk, covered with one piece of Brussels lace six yards wide, and one and an half long, the only work of the kind ever made ; over the petticoat was a loose drapery of lilac silk, covered with lace, tied up with branches of diamonds mounted as snow drops, with bows and loose tassels of diamonds hanging from them. The bottom was flounced with lace, headed with rows of diamonds. Her majesty's head dress was very profusely ornamented with diamonds, and she wore a diamond stomacher, with a miniature of the King.
Each bouquet of her majesty's petticoat had a central stone in the rosette valued at 2000l. the rosette, including this stone, is valued at 3000l. and the bouquets, of which there were six, at 8000l. each. Adding to the amount of these, that of the other diamonds upon the petticoat, and those upon the head dress and stomacher, the dress worn by her majesty yesterday could not be worth less than 100,000l. and the taste displayed in the arrangement of the whole was well suited to such an expenditure.
For the GAZETTE of the UNITED STATES.
MR. FENNO, PLEASE to thank your correspondent X. Y. for setting me right ; and assure him that I really understood the Editor of the National Gazette, to mean that he received a stipend both as translator and editor, until he convinced me of the contrary.
I think this tribute due to candor, and do not hesitate to pay it ; for although I consider the National Gazette as having a most pernicious tendency, and being eminently calculated to disturb the public peace, and corrupt the morals of the people, I have not a wish to do injury either to the Gazette itself or to its editor. At the same time allow me to remark, that however I may have mistaken Mr. Freneau's meaning, the information given by "An American," strongly countenances a belief of the fact, that he receives pay in both characters—to which I will add, that a singularity attending the National Gazette, seems to corroborate the American's assertions—it is said to be "P. Freneau," and "Printed by Childs & Swaine"—It will hardly be thought unfair to infer from this, that Mr. Freneau is at least the editor ; can it be supposed that he devotes his time to this laborious undertaking gratuitously ? I apprehend not : sufficient reasons might be urged to the contrary. Who then pays him ? If any body does, then he receives a stipend both as French translator to the department of state, and as editor [or compiler, I don't care which] of a newspaper. If he is in the pay of Messrs. Childs and Swaine, he is at least guilty of ingratitudo to the government which has retained him as translator to the department of state ; for, as editor or compiler, his attacks upon that government are both frequent and licentious. —If on the other hand, he is in the pay of the government, his conduct forcibly reminds us of the Fable of the Viper which hung to death the Countryman, the genial warmth of whose bosom had reanimated its frozen carcass.
T. L.
FOR THE GAZETTE OF THE UNITED STATES.
FACTS, MR. FENNO, speak louder than words, and, under certain circumstances, louder than oaths. The Editor of the National Gazette must not think to swear away their efficacy. If he is truly as they announce, the poisoned tool of the public character who has been named, no violation of truth, in any shape, ought to astonish—equivocations and mental reservations, are the too common refuge of minds struggling to escape from disgraceful imputation.
It may be very true in a literal sense, that no negotiation was ever opened with Mr. Freneau, by Thomas Jefferson, Secretary of State, and yet it may be very certain, that a negotiation was opened with him directly, or circuitously, by a particular friend of that officer—and expectation given of his patronage and encouragement.
It may be very true in the same sense, that Mr. Freneau's coming to the city of Philadelphia, as publisher of a newspaper, was at no time urged, advised or influenced, by the same officer ; and yet it may be equally a fact, that it was urged, advised and influenced, by a friend of his, in concert with him, and to answer his views, and with authority to engage his assistance and support. It may in the strictest sense be true, that Mr. Freneau's coming to Philadelphia, was his own voluntary act ; and yet true that he came from interested motives, and to do the work of a party ; for a man acts not the less voluntarily because he yields to considerations of interest. It may be even true, that the Editor of the National Gazette was never either directed, controuled, or attempted to be influenced in any manner, either by the Secretary of State, or any of his friends ; and yet it may in the strongest sense be true, that under the influence of the emoluments received from that officer, he has acted in precise conformity to his known principles and views.
As to the assertion, that not a single line in the National Gazette was ever directly, or indirectly, written, dictated, or composed for it, by the Secretary of State, it is a shocking instance of rashness and levity. Unless Mr. Freneau be himself the author of every line which has been contained in every one of his papers (a thing not to be believed) it is impossible that he can know that none has ever been directly, or indirectly, written, dictated, or composed by the officer in question—And if he had been as scrupulous about an oath as he ought to have been, he never could have sworn so positively as he has done, to a thing which it was impossible for him to know—temerity like this, would invalidate his testimony in a court of justice, if he were even, as he is not in the present case, a disinterested witness.
No, Mr. Freneau, this is not the way to exculpate yourself before a judicious public, from the conclusions which are to be drawn from the most convincing facts. Nor can it be believed from any thing, that you have either sworn, or said, that the whole of what has been alleged is "a lie."
The material facts which have been alleged, and may be added in confirmation, are either acknowledged, or such as you dare not deny ; and they prove decisively your improper connection with the Secretary of State, and the influence of that connection upon your press.
It is a fact which you have acknowledged, that you receive a regular salary from the Secretary of State, as clerk in his department for foreign languages, while you pretend not to act in any other capacity than that of translator of one foreign language.
It is a fact which you tacitly concede, that you came from New-York, where you was in capacity of an Editor or director of a Newspaper, to become in this city Editor of the National Gazette.
It is a fact which you dare not deny, that your appointment as clerk for foreign languages,

was cotemporary with, or rather antecedent to, the commencement of your paper. The first number of your paper is dated the 31st of October, 1791, your appointment was announced in the Daily Advertiser of October 26, 1791 (a paper printed in New-York) in the following terms: "We hear from Philadelphia, that the Hon. Thomas Jefferson, Esq. Secretary of State for the United States, has appointed Capt. Philip Freneau Interpreter of the French Language for the department of State."
It is a fact, which the debates in the Virginia Convention will testify, that Mr. Jefferson was in the origin opposed to the present Constitution of the United States.
It is a fact known to every man who approaches that officer (for he takes no pains to conceal it, and will not thank you to deny it) that he arraigns the principal measures of the government, and it may be added, with indifference if not indecent warmth.
It is a fact which results from the whole complexion of your paper, that it is a paper intemperately devoted to the abuse of the government, and all the conspicuous actors in it; except the Secretary of State, and his coadjutors, who are the constant theme of your panegyric. Even the illustrious Patriot who presides at the head of the government, has not escaped your envenomed shafts.
And from these facts, the inferences which have been drawn are irresistible.
The circumstance of your having come from another State to set up and conduct a new paper; the circumstance of the Editor of that new paper being appointed a Clerk in the department of State—the coincidence in point of time of that appointment with the commencement of your paper, or to speak more correctly, its precedence—the conformity between the complexion of your paper and the known politics of the head of the department who employs you—these circumstances, collectively, leave no doubt of your true situation—the conviction arising from them is too strong to be weakened by any of those bold, or even solemn declarations, which are among the hackneyed tricks employed by the purists in politics, of every country and age, to cheat the people into a belief of their superior sanctity, integrity and virtue.
If you had been previously the conductor of a newspaper in this city—if your appointment had been any considerable time subsequent to the institution of your paper, there might have been some room for subterfuge;—but as matters stand, you have no possible escape.
The fact of the preliminary negotiation which brought you to this city, is not material, when so many other facts presupposing it occur; but even this, if the scruples of family connection, or the dread of party resentment, does not prevent the evidence being brought forward, will be proved incontestibly; not indeed a negotiation in which Thomas Jefferson, Secretary of State, was the immediate agent, but one carried on by a very powerful, influential and confidential friend and associate of that gentleman.
That officer has had too considerable a part of his political education amidst the intrigues of an European court, to hazard a direct personal commitment in such a case—he knows how to put a man in a situation calculated to produce all the effects he desires, without the gross and awkward formality of telling him, "Sir, I mean to hire you for the purpose."
It is impossible for a correct mind not to pronounce, that, in the abstract a connection like that which is acknowledged to subsist between you and Mr. Jefferson, between the editor of a newspaper and the head of a department of the government, is indelicate and unfit ; and consequently of a nature to justify suspicion.
A connection of that sort in a free country, is a pernicious precedent, inconsistent with those pretensions to extraordinary republican purity, of which so suspicious a parade is upon every occasion exhibited.
The apology you attempt for it is ill-founded and inadmissible—there is no law, which annexes a particular salary to the clerkship in question—the appointment is under the general authority given to the head of the department to appoint clerks with salaries not exceeding aggregately five hundred dollars to each—there is the refore no restriction to the sum you mention, to induce as matter of necessity the employment of a person engaged in other occupations—and not ordinarily and regularly attached to the department—Five hundred dollars or even more might be legally given, for a clerk competent to the duty, and if it was not sufficient wholly to employ him, his surplus time might be dedicated to other business of the department—Nor could there have been any mighty difficulty in finding a clerk so qualified.
But if there had been such difficulty, some other character should undoubtedly have been found—the precedent of such a species of influence erected over the press, ought to have been avoided—this is so obvious, that the not having avoided it, is a proof of sinister design.
The employment of Mr. Pintard by the Secretary of State, was a natural consequence of particular situation—Mr. Pintard, if I am rightly informed, had been employed in the same capacity under the old government—and it was natural enough to continue him in the occupation and employment—But Mr. Pintard was not the printer of a gazette.
These strictures, though involving Mr. Freneau, it shall be confessed, have been drawn forth principally with a view to a character of greater importance in the community—They aim at explaining a public officer, who has too little scrupled to embarrass and disparage the government of which he is a member—and who has been the promoter, open or secret, of unwarrantable assertions on men, who so long as actions, not merely professions, shall be the true test of patriotism and integrity, need never decline a comparison with him, of their titles to the public esteem. AN AMERICAN.
* It is believed that Mr. Freneau could throw light upon this question, by naming the day when his salary commenced.
Philadelphia, Aug. 11.
The Pittsburgh Gazette of last Saturday contains the following intelligence, that according to a letter from Buffalo Creek, upwards of 4000 Indians were assembled at the Miami villages—that ten scoups of Indians were out intending to strike on the frontiers—and that it was expected they would soon strike the Six Nations.
By a person from Fort Washington, arrived at Pittsburgh, information was received that Col. Hardin, Major Trueman and two others were killed by the Indians, a short distance from Fort Jefferson, on their way to the Indian towns, to invite them to a treaty.
It is proposed in the Pittsburgh Gazette, that the next message or invitation for a treaty should be sent by those members of Congress who proposed, and so strenuously supported pacific measures to be adopted at this period.
On Sunday last arrived at New-York, the sloop Sarah and Lucretia, Capt. M'Call, from Barbadoes, after a passage of 16 days; he informs us that he met a Capt. Welsh at Barbadoes (who brought a cargo of tea from China) who informed him that on his passage he spoke with a ship belonging to the English East-India Company, in the Bay of Bengal, the Captain of which informed him (Capt. Welsh) that Tippoo Saib had ceded one half of his territories to Lord Cornwallis, and three millions of money sterling; one million to the Company, one million to Lord Cornwallis, and the officers under his command, and the other million to the assisting powers.—Capt. M'Call says that he also read the same in the Barbadoes papers before he failed; and that Tippoo had left two of his sons hostages for the due performance of his agreement.
We give the above intelligence verbatim as we received it, without vouching for its authenticity, as the next British Packet in all probability will furnish us with some further particulars sanctioned by public authority.
Extract of a letter from an eminent Merchant, dated Falmouth, June 9, 1792.
"As it may be useful to you to be acquainted with the state of the markets for wheat, I have thought it necessary to give you the purport of such advices as I have lately received from Lisbon. "This market is completely glutted with grain; no less than sixty cargoes now actually unloading in this river, for which there is no sale from our board, as these buyers are full, and will not buy for the present: besides, there is in the public granaries above 100,000 mows wheat (each mow equal to 24 bushels) which cannot all meet sale these 12 months to come. The approaching harvest in this kingdom and Spain promise to be abundant." "The Ports in England are at present shut against the importation of foreign grain; there is a great prospect of a plentiful harvest, and little supplies will be wanted in this country."
Extract of a letter from a gentleman at Quebec, to his friend in this city, of recent date.
"Upper Canada will be a fine settlement in a very short time; 500 troops are already arrived, part of Col. Simcoe's regiment*; several transports are also taken up for transporting the remainder, and for bringing over artificers, emigrants and others, which latter are expected here in a few days."
* This regiment, it is said, is to consist of four battalions of 400 men each. The idea of such a force in that country, so near neighbours to the United States, may well excite speculation and attention on the part of the government and people of this country.
COMMUNICATION.
Despotic measures depend for their success on the ignorance and blind credulity of the people; and this is equally true of the influence which certain characters, properly called demagogues obtain in almost every community.
The degree of estimation in which the unprincipled fomenters of mischief are held in society, is generally in exact proportion to the light and information of the people,—Hence you seldom, if ever hear any thing in favor of educating the poor and middling classes of citizens from those whose consequence is supported by an implicit faith, on the part of their adherents, in the professions they make.
It is now almost universally admitted that government has its legitimate origin, only from the people; how important does this consideration render the business of education; for as on the one hand a free government depends on the wisdom and virtue of the community, so on the other, the manoeuvres of those who would persuade the people that liberty may be supported without government, than which no absurdity can be greater, depends altogether on the ignorance of mankind for their successful operation.
Since writing the foregoing, our correspondent has read the General Advertiser of Thursday last. The preceding sentiments coincide with "select remarks by a correspondent" in that paper—and though the Gazette of the United States has reiterated similar remarks a thousand times since its first publication—yet, clothed in the elegant dress furnished by the correspondent of the "General Advertiser," they must be read with pleasure and advantage:
Select remarks by a Correspondent,—NOT THE WORSE FOR BEING TRUE.
IT is a maxim, too obvious to be disputed, that an ignorant people cannot long preserve freedom. How then, it will be asked, are Savages free? They are so by nature. The liberty of a Savage however, and that of a civilized man are essentially different. Civil liberty implies both restraint and protection; but a Savage is neither protected nor restrained. Where there is no government at all, men are literally free; but from a want of law they cannot enjoy their freedom. Where there is a despotic government the people are politically slaves; but still they are not in a worse condition than Savages who remain as free as nature formed them.
There cannot, strictly speaking, be any rational freedom without fixed laws. There can be no such laws where there is no civilization.
And as an ignorant people cannot be called civilized, they are without those materials which form the protection of law, and therefore cannot deem themselves free.
In tracing the causes of the decline of States, one after another, we are presented with a striking demonstration of the truths just mentioned. It must happen that the splendor and pageantry of courts, the opulence and artifice of a few individuals will create a glare of civilization, which dazzles the great bulk of a community who are still too unenlightened to be called civilized. No nation deserves such an appellation, where knowledge and property are confined to a few persons; any more than that deserves to be called a learned nation, in which a few individuals have made eminent attainments in science. The prevailing cast of character among the people at large, is what should constitute the national character.
Where the inhabitants of any country are destitute of the means of acquiring a current information of public affairs, they cannot be brought into a concert of views. They will be impressed with discordant notions of men and measures, and it will be impossible to produce any union of sentiment. A bitter spirit of party will inevitably attend such a situation, and public spirit will expire in the rage of faction.
The evils of faction, however, will always be checked in a community which possesses general information. The attempts of turbulent and intriguing men will soon be discovered and easily defeated by a well informed people, and all the avenues of public danger will be strictly guarded. Such people will readily learn what they ought to bear and what to resist. They will seldom commit mistakes, because they are raised above ignorance, which is the only soil in which mistakes can grow. The public opinion will of course be just and venerable. It will control the formation of the laws, which will be so congenial to the public wish, and the public interest, that there can be no motive, and consequently no chance for a bad execution. The only certainty that a law will be well executed, results from its being consonant to the general opinion—but how is an ignorant people to form any general opinion? The interest of mankind and their duty are the same thing. It is only because people are unenlightened that their ideas of those objects should ever be so far separated as not to be expressed by the same word. Nature made them alike, and why should man make them different?
Mr. Paine being informed that the British ministry intend to bring a prosecution against him, in a letter to the "Society for constitutional information," observes, a nation (as well the poor as the rich) has a right to know what any works are which are made the subject of prosecution." The getting out a cheap edition is, I conceive, says he, rendered more necessary—and he is accordingly proceeding with the work.
The society took into consideration the contents of said letter—and voted their thanks to Mr. Paine, for his disinterested patriotism—the society passed sundry resolutions expressive of their determination to support the author of the rights of man—and to persevere in the prosecution of the work for which they are associated. An address is published from the same society to the Club of the Jacobins in Paris.
PRICE OF STOCKS.
  6 per Cents, 21/9   3 per Cents, 12/6   Deferred, 13/   Full shares Bank U. S. 48 per cent. prem.   3/4 shares, 61 
TO CORRESPONDENTS.
PHILAGATHOS shall appear as soon as possible —If "A. B." intended his note for publication, it appears proper that he should be known to the Editor.
INFORMATION.
THE Administration of the French Colony of St. Domingo, continuing to draw bills upon me, though advised more than two months ago to suspend drawing—I am under the necessity, in order to avoid exposing the credit of France, of informing the Public, that from the date of this advertisement, I will not accept or pay any of those bills beyond No. 138, of the 17th of July.
In case the government of France should make provision and give orders for the payment of the bills of the said administration, I shall make it known immediately.
ANTOINE R. C. M. DE LA FOREST, Consul-General of France. Philadelphia, August 9th, 1792.
It is expected that the Editors of the newspapers will give circulation through the United States, to information so particularly interesting to trade.
A further Caution.
ALL persons are hereby cautioned from receiving of Thomas Mackie & Co. or any other person, four Notes of Hand, given by the late James Gardner, of Wilmington, North-Carolina, to Samuel Jackson, of Philadelphia, all bearing date the 19th July, 1785, amounting in the whole to £. 2,600 13 3 North-Carolina currency; the greatest part of which said Notes have been paid to said Thomas Mackie & Co. in proof of which the subscribers have the deposition of Mr. Jasper Mauduit Jackson, and other documents which will fully and clearly illustrate the matter.
It is therefore expected that this notice, with the one advertised in this paper in May and June, 1791, will be a sufficient caution to the public.
THOMAS WRIGHT, ROBERT SCOTT, MAR. R. WILLKINGS, Executors. Wilmington, (N. C.) Aug. 1, 1792. (1amgm)
WANTED—TO RENT,
A convenient House, in or near the centre of the City.—Enquire of the Editor.
PROPOSALS, By ISAAC NEALE, FOR PUBLISHING BY SUBSCRIPTION, (The ninth edition of)
The Travels of Cyrus:
TO WHICH IS ANNEXED, A DISCOURSE upon the THEOLOGY and MYTHOLOGY of the PAGANS.
BY THE CHEVALIER RAMSAY.
THE Travels of Cyrus having gone through so many editions in Europe, every thing which might be laid to recommend so valuable a work, is rendered useless; and as it is now almost, if not entirely out of print, the publisher trusts there will be little difficulty in procuring a respectable list of subscribers to an AMERICAN EDITION.
CONDITIONS.
This work will be published in one volume, 12mo. on good demy paper, and a neat type; and will contain about 350 pages.
The price to subscribers will be ONE DOLLAR, to be paid on the delivery of the book, which will be neatly bound and lettered.
The work shall be put to press in October next, provided there shall be 250 subscribers.
Any person subscribing for, or procuring subscribers for twelve books, and will be responsible for the payment, shall be entitled to two gratis.
The names of subscribers shall be prefixed to the work.
Subscriptions received by most of the Booksellers in Philadelphia and New-York.
N. B. Gentlemen who may please to encourage the work by procuring subscriptions, are requested to forward a list of the names subscribed, by the 20th day of October next.
Burlington, July 21, 1792. (cp 3w)
War Department,
August 6, 1792.
INFORMATION is hereby given to all the Military Invalids of the United States, that the sums to which they are intitled for six months of their annual pensions, from the 4th day of March 1792, and which will become due on the 5th day of September 1792, will be paid on the laid day by the Commissioners of the Loans within the States respectively, under the usual regulations, viz. Every application for payment must be accompanied by the following vouchers.
1st. The certificate given by the state, specifying that the person possessing the same is in fact an invalid, and ascertaining the sum to which as such he is annually entitled.
2d. An affidavit, agreeable to the following form:
A. B. came before me, one of the Justices of the county of in the state of and made oath that he is the same A. B. to whom the original certificate in his possession was given, of which the following is a copy (the certificate given by the state to be recited) That he served (regiment, corps or vessel) at the time he was disabled, and that he now resides in the and county of and has resided there for the last years, previous to which he resided in
In case an invalid should apply for payment by an attorney, the said attorney, besides the certificate and oath before recited, must produce a special letter of attorney agreeable to the following form:
I, A. B. of county of state of do hereby constitute and appoint C. D. of my lawful attorney, to receive in my behalf of my pension for six months, as an invalid of the United States, from the fourth day of March, one thousand seven hundred and ninety-two, and ending the fifth day of September, one thousand seven hundred and ninety-two. Signed and sealed in the presence of
Witnesses.
Acknowledged before me,
Applications of executors and administrators must be accompanied with legal evidence of their respective offices, and also of the time the invalids died, whose pension they may claim.
By command of the President of the United States, H. KNOX, Secretary of War.
The Printers in the respective States are requested to publish the above in their newspapers, for the space of two months.
Sixty Dollars Reward.
BROKE goal in Baltimore, the 10th of April last, and made his escape, a Negro Man, named BILL FLANAGAN, the property of the subscriber. He is a stout, straight likely fellow, about 25 years of age; 5 feet 8, 9 or 10 inches high. He affects to be a zealous Methodist, is extremely artful, talkative and plausible; can read, and it is supposed can write. He had on a sailor's red cloth jacket, a striped ditto, an old coarse linen shirt, and a pair of canvas trousers; he was barefooted. It is not doubted he will alter his dress, and change his name. He was lately the property of Capt. Joseph Gourrou, of Baltimore, and was employed as a sailor on board his packet; and it is probable may try to get on board some vessel in capacity of seaman.
It is supposed he is now in New-York or Philadelphia—Whoever takes up and secures said Negro, so that the subscriber gets him again, shall receive SIXTY DOLLARS reward, and reasonable charges. CHRISTOPHER HUGHES. Baltimore, August 1, 1792. (1aw4t)
TO BE SOLD BY THE EDITOR,
AN ALPHABETICAL LIST of the Duties payable on all Goods, Wares and Merchandise imported into the United States; exhibiting the Rates payable on those imported in Ships or Vessels of the United States, and in Foreign Ships or Vessels; including the additional Duties to which the respective Articles are liable.
ALSO,
A TABLE for receiving and paying Gold—graduated according to Law—Blank Manifests—And Blanks for the various Powers of Attorney necessary in transacting Business at the Treasury or at the Bank of the United States.

Sunday Schools.
THE society for the institution and support of First-Day or Sunday Schools, in the city of Philadelphia...
Firmly persuaded of this great truth, that to disseminate knowledge, is preparing mankind for virtue, freedom, and happiness...
Philadelphia, 5th July, 1792.
Certificates Lost.
MISSING, Five New-Jersey Certificates, signed by Silas Condit, viz.
Table with 3 columns: Certificate No., Amount, and Date. Includes entries for No. 740, 1978, 715, 3482, 829.
The subscriber supposes the above Certificates are stolen. Whoever will discover the Thief, or Certificates...
Morris-Town, JOSEPH LEWIS. New-Jersey, July 12, 1792.
Universal Hymn Book.
To be Sold by THOMAS DOBSON, and other Booksellers in Philadelphia, Collection of PSALMS, HYMNS, and SPIRITUAL SONGS...
Price of a single book, bound, 3-8ths of a Dollar, with good allowance to those who take quantities.
TO BE SOLD,
(And possession given immediately)
A Valuable FARM,
PLEASANTLY situated, and well improved, containing 213 acres, whereof 47 are wood-land, 30 meadow, and 20 more may be made...
ISAAC SNOWDEN, Jun.
N.B. Stock for the farm may be had of the present tenant.
Also, to be Sold, and entered immediately, A two-story Brick HOUSE and BAKE-HOUSE, in Arch-Street, No. 23.
July 17. (epf)
WHITE WAX MANUFACTORY.
THOMAS JAMES, WAX CHANDLER, from London, respectfully informs the public that he has established a Manufactory of the above branch...
Orders in this and the adjacent States, received by Mr. JOHN GOODEVE, Bridge-Street, Mr. WILLIAM FROBISHER, Fletcher-Street...
N.B. Bees-Wax taken in payment, or bleached on moderate terms.
New-York, July 19, 1792. (ep7w)
SECURITIES.
SOLDIERS, Mariners, and militia men's pay, lands, and claims on the public, SHARES, in the Banks, in the Canals, and Turnpike Road...
CERTIFICATES, granted by the public, and the old and late paper monies, NOTES of hand, bills, bonds, and mortgages...
BOUGHT, sold, or negotiated, at No. 2, in Fourth-Street below Market-Street, by FRANCIS WHITE...
Who transacts business in the public offices for country people and others, by virtue of a power, of attorney, or by personal application.
PHILADELPHIA. (18w6w)
THE Partnership of HAZARD & ADDOMS, is dissolved; All persons having demands on that FIRM, are desired to call for settlement, upon EBENEZER HAZARD...
EBENEZER HAZARD, JONAS ADDOMS. Philadelphia, July 10, 1792. (tf)
Bank of the United States.
RESOLVED, THAT an Office of Discount and Deposit, be established in the City of Richmond, State of Virginia.
RESOLVED, That the 2d Tuesday in September next be appointed for the Election of Thirteen Directors and a Cashier...
By Order of the President and Directors, JOHN KEAN, Cashier.
George-Town.
A Number of LOTS in every situation which may be desired in City of WASHINGTON, will be offered for sale by the Commissioners...
JOHN M'GANTT, Clerk to the Commissioners. June 2, 1792. (epf)
THE AMERICAN REMEMBRANCER, OR, PROCEEDINGS OF THE Old Congress,
From September 1774, to March 1789;— An authentic and original collection of OFFICIAL LETTERS, &c. written during the late war; And EXTRACTS from the SECRET JOURNALS.
Subscriptions are received by the principal Booksellers, and by the Editor, JOHN CAREY, No. 26, Pear-Street, Philadelphia.
New-Brunswick Lottery.
HIGHEST PRIZE, 2,000 DOLLARS.
THE Public are hereby informed, that the drawing of the above Lottery is postponed till the third day of September next...
Tickets are to be had at SAMUEL COOPER'S Ferry, where fortunate adventurers may receive their prize-money ten days after drawing.
Circumstances unforeseen, and unfavorable to Lotteries, have occasioned the necessity of this further postponement. The Rector and Wardens ask the assistance of their episcopal and other friends...
THE MANAGERS.
Letters directed to PETER KEENON, Post-Master, New-Brunswick (post-paid) will be immediately attended to. New-Brunswick, July 25, 1792. (epf)
Stock Brokers Office,
No. 45, Great Dock-Street, New-York, THE Subscriber intending to confine himself entirely to the PURCHASE AND SALE OF STOCKS ON COMMISSION...
Orders from Philadelphia, Boston, or any other part of the United States will be strictly attended to. LEONARD BLEECKER. (t.f.)
TERRITORY OF COLUMBIA.
JUNE 28, 1792.
PURSUANT to the last Will and Testament of the late Rev. ALEXANDER WILLIAMSON, deceased, will be exposed to Public Sale on Thursday, the 11th of October next...
The improvements are, a very elegant two story Brick Dwelling House, (with four rooms and a passage, or entry, on a floor) and the necessary out-houses. HENRY TOWNSEND, BENJ. STODDERT, THOMAS JOHNS, Executors. (epf)
TERRITORY OF COLUMBIA.
JULY 6, 1792.
THE Subscriber offers for Sale, a Mill-Seat on Rock Creek, deemed by those who have examined it, equal to any in the United States.
The purchaser may be accommodated with a few hundred acres of land adjoining the Mill-Seat, if that should be an object. (ep3m 14 Jul) B. STODDERT.
The JOURNAL of the THIRD SESSION of the SENATE of the UNITED STATES, may be had of the Editor hereof.
Ebenezer Hazard,
STOCK-BROKER,
HAS Removed his OFFICE to No. 128 north Second-Street, where he continues to purchase and sell...
Subscribers to the Universal Tontine who have not yet received their Certificates are desired to call for them. July 18. (epf)
AMERICAN LEAD MANUFACTORY.
STEPHEN AUSTIN, & Co.
HAVE just now opened their LEAD-WARE-HOUSE, two doors south of Walnut-Street Wharf...
They also continue to manufacture all the above articles at Richmond, in Virginia. All orders addressed to either of the above Factories, will be thankfully received...
N. B. Wanted, industrious, sober, Labouring Men, at the said Mines, where constant employ, good wages, and other encouragements will be given...
For further particulars enquire of Messrs. Moses Austin & Co. at their Factory in Richmond, or as above. Philadelphia, December 3, 1791. (tf)
BOOKS,
PRINTED AND SOLD BY MATHEW CAREY, No. 118, Market-Street, Philadelphia.
AMERICAN MUSEUM, from its commencement in January 1787, to December 1791, in ten vols.
This work, which is now conducted on an improved plan, containing the best pieces published for and against the proceedings of government...
The subscription is two dollars and a half per annum. Gentlemen in the country who wish to be supplied with this work, are requested to give commission to friends in the city to subscribe for and receive it.
Any of the back numbers may be had in order to complete sets.
2. Ladies' Pocket Library, containing Miss More's Essays, Gregory's Legacy, Lady Pennington's Advice, Marchioness of Lambert's Advice, Swift's Letter to a newly married Lady, Mrs. Chapone on command at Temper, More's Fables for the Ladies. Price 6/6.
3. Smith's History of New-York, from its first settlement to the year 1732. To which is annexed, a description of the country, with a short account of the inhabitants, their religious and political state, and the constitution of the courts of justice. Price a dollar and a quarter.
4. Elements of Moral Science, by James Beattie, L. L. D. professor of moral philosophy and logic in the Marischal College, Aberdeen. Price three-fourths of a dollar. Of this book the Critical Reviewers (vol. 69, p. 628) say: "We have seen nothing on these subjects more plain, more perspicuous, or more generally useful."
N. B. It is introduced into the University in Philadelphia.
5. Beauties of Poetry, British and American, containing select productions of the most eminent British and American poets. Price four-fifths of a dollar.
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12. Garden of the Soul, by Bishop Chalcener. Price, bound in calf and lettered, three quarters of a dollar—plain, half a dollar.
13. The Doway Translation of the Vulgate Bible, in quarto. Price, elegantly bound and lettered, 50/—plain, six dollars.
14. Devout Christian's Vade Mecum. Price a quarter dollar.
15. Think well on't, or reflections for every day of the month. Price a quarter dollar.
16. Christian Economy, translated from a Greek manuscript, found in the island of Patmos where St. John wrote the Apocalypse. Price, fifth of a dollar.
17. History of Charles Grandison, abridged. Price a sixth of a dollar.
18. Poems by Col. Humphreys. Price a third of a dollar.
19. Select Poems, chiefly American. Price a sixth of a dollar.
Said CAREY has for sale, a large assortment of Books, European as well as American editions, which he will dispose of on the most reasonable terms.
Country gentlemen, who favor him with commands, may depend upon being supplied in the most satisfactory manner. A liberal allowance to such as purchase quantities for public libraries, or to sell again.
JUST PUBLISHED, By Thomas Dobson,
Bookseller, at the Stone-House, in Second-Street, Philadelphia.
VOLUME VI of
ENCYCLOPEDIA:
Or a Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, and Miscellaneous Literature,
On a plan entirely new: By which the different sciences and arts are digested into the form Of distinct Treatises or Systems.
This sixth volume contains, among a variety of interesting articles,
Dioptrics, distillation, diving-bell, art of drawing, Dublin art of Dying, theory of the earth and earthquakes, Edinburgh, education, history of Egypt, system of electricity, history of England, engraving, essaying, history of Ethiopia, &c. &c. &c. Illustrated with twenty-two copper plates.
CONDITIONS.
I. The work is printing on a superfine paper, and new types (call for the purpose in Philadelphia) which will be occasionally renewed before they contract a worn appearance.
II. The work may be had in vol.—or half-volumes, it being proposed to deliver the volumes in parts, at twenty shillings (Pennsylvania currency) each, in boards, or for the whole volume, five dollars, in boards. The volumes now finished are to be paid for on delivery, and the price of one volume is to be paid in advance, and the price of each succeeding volume to be paid on delivery of the volume preceding it.
III. In the course of publication will be exhibited above five hundred copper plates, elegantly engraved in Philadelphia; which by far exceed in number those given in any other scientific dictionary. At the close of the publication will be delivered, an elegant frontispiece, the dedication, preface, and proper title pages for the different volumes.
** As the very great expense attending the undertaking, makes punctuality of payment indispensably necessary, the publisher flatters himself that the subscribers will be perfectly satisfied with his adhering strictly to his original plan of delivering the books only on receiving payment, agreeable to the conditions of publication.
Subscriptions for the Encyclopedia, Will continue to be received on the same terms as usual, till the first of September, 1792, when the price will be increased. TEN DOLLARS to be paid on subscription, by those who have not subscribed before that time.
Those who have subscribed, but not taken their books before that time, will be considered as not having subscribed.
As the subscription will probably be closed by Christmas, such as chuse to be possessed of this very valuable and important work, will do well to come forward in time, that they may not be disappointed. July 21. (enf)
GENERAL POST-OFFICE,
PHILADELPHIA, July 7, 1792.
FOR the information of Merchants and the Masters or Commanders of vessels, are published the following extracts from the Law for establishing Post-Offices and Post-Roads within the United States.
In section 10, it is enacted that there shall be charged "for every letter or packet brought into the United States, or carried from one port thereof to another by sea, in any private ship or vessel, four cents, if delivered at the place where the same shall arrive; and if directed to be delivered at any other place, with the addition of the like postage, as other letters are made subject to the payment of by this act."
In section 12, "That no ship or vessel, arriving at any port within the United States, where a post-office is established, shall be permitted to report, make entry or break bulk, till the master or commander shall have delivered to the postmaster, all letters directed to any person or persons within the United States, which, under his care or within his power, shall be brought in such ship or vessel, other than such as are directed to the owner or consignee: but when a vessel shall be bound to another port, than that, at which she may enter, the letters belonging to, or to be delivered at the port of delivery, shall not be delivered to the postmaster at the port of entry. And it shall be the duty of the collector or other officer of the port, empowered to receive entries of ships or vessels, to require from every master or commander of such ship or vessel, an oath or affirmation, purporting that he has delivered all such letters, except as aforesaid."
In section 13, "That the postmaster to whom such letters may be delivered, shall pay to the master, commander, or other person delivering the same, except the commanders of foreign packets, two cents for every such letter or packet, and shall obtain from the person delivering the same, a certificate specifying the number of letters and packets, with the name of the ship or vessel, and the place from whence she last failed; which certificate, together with a receipt for the money, shall be with his quarterly accounts, transmitted to the Postmaster-General, who shall credit the amount thereof to the postmaster forwarding the same."
For general information, the 14th section is published, "And be it further enacted, That if any person, other than the Postmaster-General, or his deputies, or persons by them employed, shall take up, receive, order, dispatch, convey, carry or deliver any letter or letters, packet or packets, other than newspapers, for hire or reward, or shall be concerned in setting up any foot or horse post, waggon or other carriage, by or in which any letter or packet shall be carried for hire, on any established post-road, or any packet, or other vessel or boat, or any conveyance whatever, whereby the revenue of the general post-office may be injured, every person, so offending, shall forfeit, for every such offence, the sum of two hundred dollars. Provided, That it shall and may be lawful for every person to send letters or packets by special messenger."
WANTED, to go to BOSTON,
A JOURNEYMAN COPPERSMITH, at
small work, such as Tea-Kettles, Coffee-Pots, &c.—Good wages and constant employment
will be given to a person with good recommendations—a single man would be preferred. Enquire of the Editor.
July 25. (ep9w)