Gazette of the United-States. (New-York [N.Y.]), 1791-11-06 00:00:00

Gazette of the United States.
PUBLISHED WEDNESDAYS AND SATURDAYS BY JOHN FENNO, No. 69, HIGH-STREET, BETWEEN SECOND AND THIRD STREETS, PHILADELPHIA.
[No. 55, of Vol. III.]
SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 5, 1791.
[Whole No. 263.]
ANSWER OF M. SYEYES,
To Mr. PAINE's Letter, and to several other publications of a similar nature.
(CONCLUDED.)
I UNDERSTAND by a republic," says Mr. PAINE, "a government founded upon the principles of the Declaration of Rights." I do not see why this government should not be a Monarchy.
"Principles," says he, "with which many parts of the French Constitution are in contradiction." This is possible; and it is probable, that if it was proposed to form a republic, offences might be committed against the Declaration of Rights. But who does not see that these contradictions may be remedied without an abolition of the monarchy? Mr. Paine will permit me to tell him a second time, that since I do not require him to support any particular republican form, it is right that he should allow me the same liberty with respect to monarchy.
I desire, that our discussion, if it takes place, may not depart from the spheres of theory. The truths which we shall establish may descend too slowly, or too fast, to be applicable to facts. But I have already said enough to make it understood, that at present, I feel much more powerfully the instant necessity of establishing the decreed Constitution, than that of reforming it.
"The Declaration of Rights of France and America are only one and the same thing in principles, and nearly so in words." So much the worse. I could wish that ours might be the best, and it would not be difficult to make it so.
"And this is the republicanism which I have undertaken to defend against what is called monarchy and aristocracy." A man who lives in France, or any other part of Europe, will allow, that if we are to take the words republic and monarchy only in their common acceptation, we shall be disgusted by the mere mention of them. Have I not an opportunity, if I was to follow the example given me by Mr. Paine, to cast some discredit upon that which is called republicanism and aristocracy? Would a Senate of execution be less aristocratical, when ministers acting under the free and irresponsible choice of a monarch, whose evident and palpable interest would be always inseparable from that of the majority?
I have, perhaps, done wrong in making so early a discovery of my doubts as to the excellence of the republican system. How far are those from understanding me, who reproach me with not adopting a republic, and believe, that not to proceed so far, is to stop upon the road! Neither the ideas nor the sentiments which are called republican, are unknown to me; but in my design of advancing always towards the maximum of social liberty, I ought to pass the republic, to leave it far behind, and to arrive at true monarchy. If I am in an error, I declare, that it is neither for want of time nor attention; for my researches and results preceded the revolution.
I acknowledge, that, for a note, this is become very long; but I was desirous of providing, that if our discussion took place, it should not degenerate into a dispute of words. It will result, I believe, from the perusal of the above, that men who are willing to speak in precise terms, will not permit themselves to suppose that republicanism is the opposite of monarchism. The correlative of one is many . Our adversaries are Polyarchists — Poli-crates ; those are their true titles. When they call themselves republicans, it should not be by opposition to monarchy: they are republicans because they are for the public interest, and certainly we are so too.
The public interest, it is true, has been for a long time sacrificed to private views; but has not this evil been common to all known States, without regard to their several denominations? If, instead of adopting clear notions, happily suggested by etymology itself, it is determined to persist in a confusion of words which can be useful to no possible end, without doubt I shall not obligeately oppose it. I will permit the word "Republic" to be synonymous to "Representative Constitution;" but I declare, that after having taken it in this sense, I shall feel a necessity of enquiring, after all, whether they should with that our republic should be monarchic, or Poliarchic . Let us then, if we can, establish the question in these terms—"In a good republic, it is better that the government should be monarchic, or Poliarchic ?"
I finish this letter by a remark with which I ought to have begun it. My letter inserted in the Moniteur of the 6th of July, does not announce, "that I have leisure to enter into the controversy with the republican Policrates ." My words are these—"I shall perhaps soon have time to attend to this question." Why soon? Because I am persuaded that the National Assembly will, in a short time, put the last hand to their work, and that it is upon the very point of being finished.
Until then, it is impossible for me to leave my daily occupations to fill the Journals with any sort of discussion. I may be told, that this question is the order of the day , but I do not perceive that it is. Besides, a friend of liberty does not chuse to discuss questions of right, under the empire of questions of fact. This enquiry into principles, and the publication of them, has been already so sufficiently laborious, to a man left to his individual powers, that he should not expose himself to the regret of having, withered to speak reason, at a time when the most decided determinations deprive many of the possibility of attending to it, and leave only the resolution of serving, in spite of him, the one or the other party.
EM. SYEYES.
THE MAN OF HONOR.
By DR. BERKENHOUT.
A Man of honor, a gentleman (they are synonymous terms) is eminently distinguished from the rest of mankind by the uniform unrestrained rectitude of his conduct. Other men are honest in fear of the punishments which the law might inflict: they are religious in expectation of being rewarded, or in dread of the devil in the next world. A gentleman would be just, if there were no written laws, human or divine, except those that are written in his heart by the finger of his Creator. In every climate, under every system of religion, he is the same. He kneels before the universal throne of God, in gratitude for the blessings he has received, and in humble solicitation for his future protection. He venerates the piety of good men of all religions. He disturbs not the religion of his country, because the agitation of speculative opinions produces greater evils than the errors it is intended to remove. He restrains his passions, because they cannot be indulged without injuring his neighbour or himself. He gives no offence, because he does not chuse to be offended. He contracts no debts which he is not certain that he can discharge, because he is honest
upon principle. He never utters a falsehood, because it is cowardly, and infinitely beneath the dignity of a gentleman. He bribes no man for his vote, because he will not make a villain. He measures all offences by the intention, but he relents with the spirit of a gentleman every palpable insult; because, in the present humour of the world, it is the only means of preserving good manners, and of securing to himself that respect which, as a just man and a gentleman, he deserves.
FROM A LONDON PAPER.
AGRICULTURE.—LEICESTERSHIRE.
To shew what a good name, and a good use of it will do—Mr. Bakewell lets three Rams this season for Three Thousand Guineas!
A Society of Farmers, called the "Tupp Club," offered him an annuity of 2500l. per annum, for five of his Rams, which he refused: and apparently not unwisely, as he makes three thousand on three of them.
The excellence he boasts in his breed, is to have the least given quantity of bone, with the greatest quantity of flesh. He shews carcases of them with ten inches of fat upon the ribs; and while they feed to this size, they do it on a very small proportion of food, when put in competition with others.
Their heads and limbs are very small. They have no horns, but a large quantity of wool, which is rather of a coarse kind.
Mr. Bakewell has been lately trying an experiment somewhat singular. He has been rotting some sheep purposely, for the sake of trying a medicine, sent to him by the Odiham Agriculture Society, for the cure of that disorder.
Thus he has made sure of the disease, whatever he may do of the remedy.
By improvements adopted by the Monmouthshire Agricultural Society, since the drawing up of the first plan, it appears, that premiums are to be given for the encouragement of industry among the lower orders, viz. to servants who have lived the greatest number of years in one place; to laborers who have reared the greatest number of children without parochial assistance; or any other description that may hereafter be proposed as eligible objects.
The Height of the principal Mountains in the world, brought into one view, as taken from the Level of the Mediterranean and Sea Ocean.
   Toises     The highest mountain which bounds the Lake of Geneva is 188   That of Neufchatel 214   From the valley of Chamonny 526   From the valley of the Green Mountain 877   The summit of the Breven 1387   The Capuchin's convent on Mount St. Gothard 1061   The Platter of Mount Genis 1000   The summit above the Platter 1490   The summit of Vesuvius 300   The summit of Mount Ætna 1672   The summit of Canigou , the highest of the Pyrenees 1441   The highest part of Snowden 576   The summit of the Table of the Cape of Good Hope 542   The summit of the Pic de Rico in the Island of Madeira 795   Summit of Teneriffe 194   Summit of Catapoxi in the province of Quito 3126   The highest part of the Cordilleras 3220  
The above heights were ascertained by Messrs. Condamine, De Luc, Needham, La Lance, and Saussure; by whose measurements it appears, that all the mountains on this side of the Atlantic Ocean are mere mounds, or mole hills, when compared with those of the southern parts of the globe; and perhaps there are, in unknown regions, mountains still more lofty.
KINGSTON (Jamaica) Sept. 6.
Amongst the many philosophical and mechanical inventions which this speculative and experimental age daily produces, we are led to notice two new and curious ones, for which patents have been obtained as advertised in the last London prints: The first, Sympathetic Hinges and Locks, for folding doors: it is peculiar to these hinges, that which ever door be opened, the other receives precisely the same motion, so that both doors open and shut exactly together; and it is peculiar to these locks, that the handle of either door will open both: this invention, though evidently contributing to domestic con-
venience and elegance, is much exceeded in utility, by the other, which is called a Thermometrical Fire Alarm, and possesses the invaluable property of giving immediate notice, to any required distance, of the least increase of heat which may happen in the premises in which it is fixed. This early communication and alarm will enable families to resort to the necessary measures to stop the progress of the flames; or, in the worst case, to provide for the safety of their persons and properties.
We every now and then have accounts in the papers of the flourishing and prosperous state of America, since she was separated from Great-Britain, but we see nothing of what Great-Britain has gained by the separation, and yet she has gained very considerably, and rather more than America has to boast of—The million and a half which America used to cost the mother country annually, is entirely saved, and all the hazard of being again engaged in a war as her friend and ally, is at an end. The 600,000 tonnage of shipping usually employed in that trade, are now entirely British bottoms—whereas before they were nearly one half American. And the 600,000 tons which it was fairly estimated at in the time of peace formerly, is now increased to above 800,000 tons; and as to the trade with America, we have just as much as we can supply; and tho' sometimes the orders are not complied with, yet this circumstance shews that we have more of their trade than we like, as we please ourselves in it, and take just as much of it as we please.
Our loss by quitting the American colonies, may really be said to be only a sort of feather of sovereignty, which, for all the croaking of the deceased Dr. Price and his party, it may be doubted whether, when every thing is considered, it did England any good upon the whole.
[To this may be added what Reynard said when he could not reach the grapes— "I jump'd but for a frolic."]
CHARLESTON, (S. C.) Sept. 28.
The court of general sessions adjourned on Monday last, to the third Monday in January next, after pronouncing judgment on the following criminals:
James Welch, for killing a negro by undue correction, in a sudden heat of passion, to pay a fine of fifty pounds sterling, or remain committed until the same be paid.
Thomas Douglas, horse stealing, (recommended to mercy) to be hanged on Monday, the 3d of October next, between 10 and 11 o'clock, A. M.
James Mc'Naille, uttering forged bills of the corporation of Charleston, to receive thirty lashes at the lower market, which was accordingly inflicted on Monday last.
BALTIMORE, October 28.
Extract of a letter from George-Town, dated Oct. 21. "The public sale of lots in the Federal City, ended on Wednesday evening; but the private sales still continue, and probably will all the week. In the whole, there have been at least 1200 lots sold.—The average of the public sales is something upwards of 100l. for a lot of 40 feet front and 130 or 140 deep. The sales made by individuals, I suspect, were at a lower rate. Indeed they have sold, in many parts of the city, and the public sales were confined to that part which lies between the President's square and George-Town, which, it is imagined, will be first improved, being so convenient to the present seat of trade. Tell your friend —, that it is not yet too late to make good speculations; but that, if he means to do any thing to this purpose, he must not delay it too long."
BOSTON, October 25.
Yesterday sailed from this port, with a fair wind, the copper-bottomed ship Margaret , James Magee, Esq. Commander—bound on a voyage to the North-West Coast of America. It is the intention of this enterprising Navigator, to proceed much farther North, than any of his predecessors have ever attempted.—May his determination be crowned with that success, so hazardous an undertaking justly merits!
BENNINGTON, Oct. 24.
Thomas Chittenden, Esq. is elected governor of this state for the year ensuing.—And the hon. Moses Robinson, and Stephen R. Bradley, Esqrs. Senators of the United States.

CONGRESS.
PHILADELPHIA.
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES,
TUESDAY, NOVEMBER 1.
ORDER OF THE DAY—THE PRESIDENT'S SPEECH.
MR. SEDGWICK said that the last session of Congress, the House of Representatives by the appointment of committees, to which almost every object of discussion in the President's Speech was referred, so far monopolized the public business, that during great part of the session, the Senate had very little to attend to.
He thought it of importance that a similar interference should be avoided the present session. He then recapitulated the principal objects recommended to the attention of Congress in the Speech; and informed the House it had been intimated to him, that the Senate proposed to take into consideration the subjects of the Mint, Weights and Measures, Consuls, election of President and Vice-President, and the establishment of Land Offices. The House therefore, if they thought proper, might avoid a primary discussion of these subjects, and employ their deliberations on other important parts of the speech. Some of these the House had already provided for, by the appointment of committees—others remained to be attended to—among these, the reference in the Speech to the excise law he thought of very material consequence, and accordingly moved that a committee should be appointed to take into consideration, that part of the President's Speech which relates to the carrying that law into execution—and to report such circumstances in the law, as may, with consistency, be so altered as to remove any well intentioned objections against it; also to ascertain and report whether there exists a due proportion between the duties on foreign spirits and those of domestic manufacture.
Mr. Boudinot observed, that it struck him as an impropriety for the House to receive any information from the Senate except through an appointed medium; this informal mode, if it was allowed, would be a bad precedent and productive of great embarrassment; the difficulty which has been mentioned might be avoided by the appointment of a joint committee—which he thought to be the most eligible mode.
Mr. Sedgwick replied that he meant only to convey to the House the information he had received, which he supposed was of importance—he had no intention of establishing a precedent.
Mr. Lawrance called for the reading of the Speech, which being read—committees were appointed on the several articles as stated in our last.
Mr. Sedgwick's motion occasioned considerable debate; Mr. Steele moved an amendment by inserting the Secretary of the Treasury in lieu of a Committee. This officer he observed was more competent than any other person to give information on the subject, as he had paid the most minute attention to the operation of the law—prejudices, he said, were entertained against the Secretary, on account of his having originally drafted the law—these prejudices he wished should be removed, as he was well satisfied that it was the wish of the House, as well as of the Secretary that every reasonable objection against the law should be removed.
The motion for a reference to the Secretary was supported by Mr. White, Mr. Lawrance, Mr. Gerry, Mr. Smith (S. C.) Mr. Ames, and Mr. Williamson.
Mr. Sedgwick contended for a Committee; he was supported by Mr. Vining, Mr. Parker, Mr. Boudinot, and Mr. Goodhue; on this side of the question it was urged that there was a manifest impropriety and want of respect in referring any part of the President's Speech, or a Law of the Union to the head of any particular department; that the information to be derived from the Secretary, would of course be received by a committee, and by them be communicated to the House.
The present subject involved considerations that should arrest the particular attention of the Legislature, as they only were competent to deciding upon them. The motion has reference to the rate of duties, and the House was certainly the most competent to judge of, and estimate the public taxes.
After some further debate Mr. Sedgwick withdrew his proposition—and a motion by Mr. Ames, for a reference to the Secretary of the Treasury for information respecting any difficulties in the execution of the Law, was agreed to.
The business of Offices for the sale of vacant Lands within the Territory of the United States,
being considered as particularly connected with revenue—a committee of the house was appointed to prepare and report a bill, or bills on that subject.
WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 2.
A number of petitions were read and referred.
Mr. Giles called up a memorial from the officers of the Virginia line, and other papers relative thereto, which were communicated by the President, to the late Congress, but not acted upon. The papers being read, he laid on the table the following resolution:
That so much of the message and communications from the President of the United States to both houses, on the 17th of January last, as relates to the bounty lands granted to the officers and soldiers of the Virginia line on the continental establishment, be referred to a select committee, to examine the matter thereof, and report the same with their opinion thereon to the house.
On motion of Mr. Dayton, it was resolved, that the Secretary of the Treasury be directed to report to the House, whether any and what alterations in favor of the spirits which shall be distilled from articles of the growth or produce of the United States, or from foreign articles within the same, can, in his opinion, be made in the excise law, consistently with its main design, and with the maintenance of the public faith.
Mr. Giles laid on the table a motion, that the Secretary of the department of War, should be instructed to lay before the House an accurate statement of all balances of pay which appear, by the books of his office, to be due to the officers and soldiers of the late army of the United States, and which either remain unclaimed, or have been claimed but not paid; together with the reasons for withholding payment from those who may have respectively entered their claims therefor.
Mr. Vining laid on the table a motion for the appointment of a committee, to report a bill or bills, to establish an uniform system of bankruptcy throughout the United States.
Mr. Dayton laid on the table a motion, that the board of commissioners, for settling the accounts between the United States and individual States, be directed to report to the House the progress they have made in such settlement; and their opinion as to the prospect which the present state of the business affords, of its speedy and final conclusion.
Mr. Smith then called for the order of the day, pursuant to which,
The House resolved itself into a committee of the whole (Mr. Muhlenberg in the chair) and took up the bill for the enumeration of the inhabitants of the district of South-Carolina.
Some gentlemen having expressed their apprehensions, that, by the words of the bill, the marshal of the district of South-Carolina might be empowered to make a new enumeration of the inhabitants, which was contrary to the sense of the House, and would give that State an undue advantage over the other States, an amendment was moved and adopted by the committee, in the following words, "Provided that in the said return" [of the enumeration of the inhabitants of the district of S. Carolina] "such persons only shall be included, as were inhabitants of the State at the time prescribed for taking the census," &c.
Another amendment being also proposed and adopted, the committee rose and reported the bill as amended.
The House then proceeding to consider the amendments of the committee, some remarks were made, to shew that the one above quoted might tend to violate the return, and was moreover an unnecessary precaution, as the proposition was not for making the enumeration of the whole State, but of giving in the return of the enumeration already made, and completing the census, by the addition of a very small district, that was not yet included in the general return. The amendment was therefore rejected by the House, and the bill was ordered to be engrossed.
Mr. Gerry from the committee to whom was referred the memorial of the sheriff of Suffolk county, in the State of Massachusetts, made a report, tending to grant to all persons, confined in any State, under the authority of the United States, the same privileges and immunities, to which they would be entitled, if confined under the authority of the State. Ordered to lie on the table.
Mr. Secretary Otis, by order of the Senate, laid before the House a petition from the distillers of New-York, praying some alterations in the excise law.
The committee appointed to consider and report on the petition of Susannah Fowle, made a report, which was referred to the committee appointed to prepare a bill for compensating invalids, widows and orphans in certain cases.
Adjourned.
THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 3.
Mr. Page and Mr. Lee, members from Virginia, appeared, were qualified and took their seats this day.
The bill to extend the time allowed by law, for compleating the census of South Carolina, was read the third time and passed.
Mr. Giles' motion laid on the table yesterday, respecting the bounty-lands to the officers and soldiers of the Virginia line, &c. was taken into consideration, and after some variation made at the instance of that gentleman, was adopted.
Several petitions for compensations, pensions, &c. were presented, read and referred to the heads of departments.
A petition from Abraham Hunt was read, praying to be reimbursed certain losses incurred in the town of Boston by the British army—also that he may receive half-pay or commutation as an officer of the late army of the United States. On the question to refer said petition to the Secretary of War, it passed in the negative.
A petition of David Cook was read, praying to be placed on the pension-list—this was referred to the committee appointed to bring in a bill for allowing compensations to widows, orphans and disabled persons, in certain cases.
Several petitions being presented for the renewal of lost certificates of public debt—Mr. Sedgwick observed that it would, in his opinion, be the most eligible method to take up the subject at large—and he accordingly moved that a committee should be appointed to prepare and report a bill directing the mode in which evidences of the public debt of the United States, which have been, or may be lost or destroyed, shall be renewed.
The motion being amended by striking out the words "or may be" was adopted, and Messrs. Sedgwick, Giles and Dayton, appointed the committee.
Two petitions from Capt. John Manly, presented by Mr. Gerry, were read and referred to the Secretary at war.
Mr. Dayton's motion laid on the table yesterday, respecting the board of commissioners appointed to settle the accounts between the United States and individual States was taken into consideration, and adopted.
Mr. Ward, of the committee appointed for the purpose, presented a report on the petition of Francis and Isaac Choate, the purport of which was that the prayer of said petition cannot be granted.
ORDER OF THE DAY—THE CENSUS.
In committee of the whole.
Mr. Muhlenberg in the chair.
The motion of Mr. Lawrance was again read, viz. That until the next enumeration of the inhabitants of the United States, there shall be one representative for every thirty thousand persons.
Mr. Sedgwick moved to insert the word four , between thirty and thousand.
Mr. Dayton moved to strike out thirty before thousand, and leave the blank to be filled up.
Mr. Livermore moved to insert forty thousand .
Mr. Clark observed, that it was well known that great uneasiness prevailed among the people in various parts of the Union, on account of the salaries and compensations to the officers of government—the expence of supporting the government was increasing—and it must therefore be contrary to the general wishes of the people to enlarge the representation, which would add to the public burthen, without being productive of any advantage.
He was in favor therefore of the motion for striking out thirty , and would then move to insert forty .
Mr. Williamson, after a few preliminary remarks on the several calculations that different members had made, and applying the various results to the population of the small States in particular, observed, that such a ratio should be adopted as would leave the fewest fractions, and at the same time do as much justice as possible to those States. With respect to the general question, he thought the people were divided in opinion—some were in favour of a large representation—others were opposed to a great addition to the present number. The expence of supporting the government is great—the people realize that in the nature of things it must encrease—this consideration should lead to adopt a medium, and if possible to fix on a ratio that might give general satisfaction. At all events he wished that Congress would reserve to itself the power of encreasing the number of Representatives, in case the sentiments of the people should be in favor of the measure. He observed that the lowest number of Constituents which had been mentioned was thirty thousand, and the highest forty—if gentlemen could not agree in either, he hoped they would adopt the medium.
Mr. Lawrance objected to striking out thirty .
This subject, said he, has been canvassed throughout America—innumerable are the pamphlets and newspaper publications which have appeared in all parts of the United States. The smallness of the representation was early objected to—and it was very generally expected, that when the amendments to the Constitution took place, that one Representative to every 30,000 persons would be the established ratio.

The majority of the publications on this subject—the various amendments proposed by the States, all plainly declare that the sense of the people is in favor of one for every 30,000.
And what, said he, are the objections?—It is said that the public business will be impeded by a large number of members in the house, and that the expence will encrease the public burthens of the people. With respect to the first objection, it seems to be a general idea of gentlemen, that about 100 members would be the most eligible number—the proposed ratio will give about 112; an addition of ten or twelve cannot embarrass the public business. The objection on account of an encrease of the expence, he did not consider as well founded. The encrease of the representation will be in proportion to the encrease of the people who pay for the support of the government.
The objection he could not consider therefore of sufficient weight to deter Congress from establishing such a ratio as would give a representation fully competent to doing full justice to every part of the Union.
The government is a government by representation, and it is of the last importance that the confidence of the people should be inspired by feeling that their interests are fully represented.
Mr. Lawrance observed, that encreasing the ratio would undoubtedly excite uneasiness and complaint in some of the States, by diminishing their present representation. He concluded by saying that the few remarks he had made, were crude and undigested—not expecting the subject to be brought forward this day, he had not revolved it sufficiently in his mind—he hoped however that what had been said, would prevent a sudden decision of the question.
Mr. Giles moved that the committee should rise, report, and ask leave to sit again. The motion was agreed to.
On motion of Mr. Boudinot, it was resolved, that the report of the Attorney-General on the Judiciary System—also sundry propositions on the same subject, as amendments to the Constitution, which were laid before the late House—he referred to the committee of the whole—and that 100 copies of each be printed.
Adjourned.
FRIDAY, NOVEMBER 4.
Sundry petitions were presented, read, and referred to the Secretary of War.
The petition of Charles Corvin, some time a prisoner in Algiers, presented by Mr. Fitzsimons, was read, and referred to the Secretary of State.
The reports of several committees on petitions were taken into consideration, and disposed of.
That on the petition of Jeremiah Allen, was referred to the committee of the whole house on the report of the Attorney-General, respecting the Judiciary System. That on the petition of Susannah Fowle, which was in favor of the petitioner, was referred to the committee of the whole house on the State of the Union. On the petition of Francis and Isaac Choate, which was against the prayer of the petition, was accepted by the house.
Mr. Fitzsimons laid the following motion on the table—That a committee be appointed to bring in a bill or bills, to regulate pilots, and to provide for the appointment of superintendants of light-houses, beacons, and public piers, throughout the United States.
On motion of Mr. Lawrance, the order of the day, on the census of the inhabitants of the United States, was postponed to Thursday next; at which time it was to be expected there would be a fuller representation on the floor of the House.
Mr. Sterrett, member from Maryland, having very special business to transact with the legislature of that State, now in session, and which required his personal attendance, asked leave of absence for ten days, which was granted.
The house then adjourned to Monday morning, 11 o'clock.
ALBANY, October 24.
It is with the most infinite regret, we announce the premature and premeditated death of so worthy a character as CORNELIUS HOGEBEOM, Esq. Sheriff of the county of Columbia, whose disposition and conduct, not only in the walks of social and private life, were such as to gain him the friendship and respect of all his intimate acquaintance, but whose lenity in his official capacity, was such as ought to have made friends of all who knew his benevolent character.—The circumstances attending this much lamented event, as related to us, are as follows:
“Saturday last, Cornelius Hogebom, Esq. Sheriff of the county of Columbia, accompanied by two other gentlemen, went to the sale of some property, legally advertised, in the town of Nottsville, expecting that his deputy had arrived there before him and had commenced the sale. When he came to the spot, he found that his deputy had not been there—waited a considerable time—deputy did not arrive—adjourned the sale to a future day—mounted with his companions—a pistol immediately discharged—no notice taken of it by either of them—proceeded about 50 yards from the house—fifty (or thereabouts) armed men, disguised like Indians, started up out of the bushes—fired a shot from the whole without effect!—Mr. Hogebom said to his companions, “they only mean to frighten us”—a second charge was fired, when Mr. Hogebom received the fatal shot, and had time only to say, “I am a dead man.”
This, of all murders within our knowledge, seems to be the most horrid!—A public officer returning, not from the discharge of his duty, but before it had been executed, murdered by a cowardly set of assassins, who had taken upon them the appearance of savages, a badge, which even nature did not entitle them to; and under this garb perpetrated a crime far below the meanness of savage brutality!
This is one of the numerous instances which frequently occur, either of the loss of life or some personal injury being sustained by public officers in the legal discharge of their duty. We would not presume to reform, but there is a fault somewhere—there can therefore be no impropriety in suggesting an enquiry.
This day, observes a correspondent, the second Congress under our free constitution, are to meet in Philadelphia, after a recess of nearly 8 months.
On this occasion it must occur to every one, the clamor that was made two years past, respecting the exorbitant wages of the members of Congress.
If under the new system, Congress can dispatch the business of the Union by sitting one third of the year, they will be less burthensome to the Union than the Congress under the old confederation, who were a perpetual body—to a very small purpose.
It gives us singular pleasure to have it in our power to inform the public, that on Friday last at the trial of Mr. Molter, proprietor of the glass-house, that gentleman was acquitted. After hearing the evidence, it was deemed unnecessary, by the counsel on each side, to say any thing either pro or con; and the jury without hesitation declared his innocence of the charge.
C A R L I S L E, October 26.
Last week the courts of quarter-sessions and common-pleas were held at this place for the first time under the new constitution of this commonwealth.—A charge, adapted to the occasion, was delivered to the grand jury, by Thomas Smith, Esq. president of the circuit.—He afterwards addressed the officers of the court, and the gentlemen of the bar, and after stating briefly and in general terms, the several duties of each, he added, “Let us conclude, by impressing upon the minds of all our fellow-citizens, of every class, whose duty it is to attend at court, that it is only by our united exertions in a punctilious, diligent and faithful discharge of the duties of our several stations, that the real dignity of the court can be supported; and justice administered to the satisfaction of the public.”
The counsel who first addressed the court, beginning with the words, “May it please your honours,” the president requested him to postpone the motion for a few minutes, and made the following observations: “The gentlemen of the bar frequently use this expression in addressing this court; but the appellation not being given to us by the constitution or laws of our country, it will be agreeable to the court, if you decline giving it in future. The expression “this honorable court,” has indeed crept into one of our acts of Assembly:—Should that form of address be used in the other circuits, we shall not say that it is improper. For, as on the one hand, it would be false modesty, or rather false pride, under the mask of modesty, to refuse any titles given us by the constitution or the laws; so on the other, it would disclose uninformed minds, should we arrogate to ourselves appellations not given by either.”
“If we possess sufficient legal abilities, and an intimate and accurate knowledge of the practice—if we administer the laws with decision, dispatch, and rigid integrity—if we consult and promote the real and permanent interests, and social happiness of our fellow-citizens, as far as in our power, in our present station, they will respect us without any titles!—But should we appear unequal to our office—should we betray the want of legal abilities, or should our judgments be led or influenced by our affections, or passions, or by any personal or party considerations, no titles or appellations, however pompous, could secure to us the respect of an enlightened people.”
“We beg leave on this occasion to point out another impropriety, of which, indeed, I was as guilty as any of you when I was at the bar, although I scarcely ever was in the other instance: The gentlemen in whose favor the court gave judgment, generally rise and thank the court. We request you will discontinue this practice; were the counsel on the other side to say, we blame the court, the expression would certainly be thought improper—the one indeed flows from politeness—the other would be looked upon as rude; in every other point of view they are equally objectionable.”
“We must give judgement according to law—we could not give it otherwise than we do, to gain the applause or to shun the censure of willions—we must be actuated by considerations infinitely higher than the applause or censure of men. God forbid that any of the parties in this court, or in any of the other courts in which I sit, should ever have it in his power to say, with truth, either that he has a friend or an enemy on the bench.”
L O N D O N, September 6.
Mrs. THURLOW.
The remains of the widow of the late Bishop of Durham were on Tuesday brought from Wanstead, in Suffex, and interred in the Temple.
It is remarkable that she first struck the late Dr. Thurlow with her charms, when she was weeding a garden belonging to a gentleman with whom he was dining. Such was the humble sphere in which that lady originally moved. The Doctor had her called into the hall, where with her singing and native beauty she so much enraptured him, that he sent her to a boarding school, and in due time married her.
Monsieur, the King's brother, was, on the 25th of August, appointed Regent of France, with the unanimous consent of all the emigrants, who celebrated, on that day, the feast of St. Louis, at Coblenz.
Philadelphia, November 5.
A southern paper by yesterday's mail informs, that the Court Martial which sat for the trial of General HARMAN, has acquitted him with honor.
By the Boston Independent Chronicle, it appears that the town of Boston has voted in town meeting, to instruct their representatives to endeavor to effect a repeal of the law against Theatrical Exhibitions.
At a meeting of the Directors of the Bank of the United States, on Wednesday evening, the following Gentlemen were appointed a committee to prepare and report a plan for Offices of Discount, viz. WILLIAM SMITH, JONATHAN MASON, WILLIAM BINGHAM, JEREMIAH WADSWORTH, and JAMES WATSON, Esqrs.
In consequence of the late daring attempts to burn this city, the most spirited measures have been adopted to guard against the incendiaries—and to detect and bring them to justice, patrols of citizens are formed in the several wards, whose nightly vigilance will secure the repose and preservation of the inhabitants, and their property.
On Monday last JOSEPH RAVARA, Esq. was introduced to the President, by Mr. Jefferson, as Consul-General in the United States from the Republic of Genoa.
Within these few nights past several attempts have been made to set fire to buildings in different parts of the city, but they were happily frustrated by the activity of the citizens, different parties of whom have patrolled the streets for the purpose of preventing those diabolical incendiaries from executing their horrid designs.
His Excellency Governor CLINTON has issued a proclamation offering a large reward for apprehending and securing the murderers of Mr. HOGEBOM.
The Constitution of France was exactly two years, three months, and fifteen days in forming—the empire of despotism, on the ruins of which this fabrick of Freedom is raised, was the work of ages. At the moment of finishing the Constitution, all parties seemed to unite—Feuillans and Jacobins joined in equal expressions of triumph.
The motion of Mr. Languinai, that the Constitution cannot be changed, was carried unanimously.
SAYS A CORRESPONDENT,
In consequence of the success of the Boston Tontine, a plan for an United States Tontine will be published in a few days, in all the principal towns throughout the Continent; and as the object is to effect a union of public and private benefits, there can be little doubt of its succeeding.
A system of Bankrupt Laws has long been expected by many persons. It has been said that the United States is almost the only civilized country in the world, which is not in possession of such a system; an idea is excited by this circumstance, which some may construe to the disadvantage of the general character of the people of America. If we can boast of equal honesty with the rest of mankind, we do not appear to stand on an equal footing with the citizens of European governments in this respect.
There may be peculiar difficulties attending this business in this country, owing to the extensiveness of our circle of credit; but we certainly in this case, as in many others, enjoy superior advantages by having all the light to direct us, which can arise from the practice and experience of the greatest commercial, and most enlightened nations of Europe.
It is doubtless for the interest of individuals and communities, that men should pursue the paths of honor and rectitude. An enlightened people will always make it for the advantage of their public officers to be honest and patriotic. How highly favoured is our country, in having those to conduct her public affairs, who feel the force of the above remark.—On every occasion, the promoting the public good will be the supreme motive to action, so long as the people distinguish worth and abilities by their suffrages.
On the 21st ult. at a meeting of the American Philosophical Society, agreeably to the order and rule of proceeding in the choice of new members, the following gentlemen were duly elected:
Andrew Murray, M. D. Professor of Botany in the University of Gottingen.
Peter Simon Pallas, M. D. Professor of Natural History at Peterburgh, &c. &c.
Dugald Stewart, Professor of Moral Philosophy in Edinburgh.
Alexander J. Dallas, Esq. Secretary to the Commonweath. of Pennsylvania. Extract from the minutes, SAMUEL MAGAW, Sec'y.
ARRIVALS at the PORT OF PHILADELPHIA.
  Brig Active, Basset, Bermuda   Union, Bell, Hamburg   Scho'r Fanny, Bents, North-Carolina 
PRICE CURRENT.—PUBLIC SECURITIES.
   FUNDED DEBT.     6 pr. Cents 21/6 21/8 pr. £. 108 3/4 pr. cent.   3 pr. Cents 12 3/4 12 5/6 69 1/2 do.   Deferred 6 pr. Cents 13/ 13/3 66 1/4 do.   UNFUNDED DEBT.   Final Sett. and other Certificates 18/ 90 do.   Indents 11/ 11/6 56 1/4 do.   Bank Subscriptions, 145 to 148 Dollars.  
INSPECTOR is received.
The First and Second Volumes of the HISTORY OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE, (To which is prefixed an accurate Map of the State)
By the Rev. JEREMY BELKNAP,
Are ready for Delivery to Subscribers—who may receive their Books on application to HAZARD & ADDOMS, at the Corner of Chestnut and Third Streets.
The above two volumes contain the political history of the State, from its first settlement to the adoption of the present Constitution of the United States; the third, containing a geographical description of the State, sketches of its natural history, &c. is in the press.
** A few copies of the first two volumes for sale—price 20/. November 5, 1791.
In the Press, and speedily will be published,
HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS;
Consisting of STATE PAPERS, and other authentic Documents, tending to elucidate the HISTORY OF AMERICA, and particularly of the UNITED STATES.
By EBENEZER HAZARD, A.M.
** The price to Subscribers will be a Dollar for each Number, containing 160 large quarto pages; or Four Dollars and a Quarter for each Volume in Boards; to be paid as follows, viz. the first and second Numbers, or Volumes, to be paid for on delivery of the first; and each subsequent one (except the last) at the time of delivery.
Subscriptions will be received, in this city, by THOMAS DODSON, and HAZARD & ADDOMS, (who will exhibit specimens of the work) and in other places by the principal Booksellers there.
Philadelphia, November 5, 1791.

ODE TO HYMEN.
BY PETER PINDAR.
GOD of ten million charming things, Of whom our Milton so divinely sings, Once dove-tail'd to a devil of a wife— Hymen, how comes it that I am so slighted?
TO BE SOLD, BY JOHN CAREY, No. 112, UNION-STREET,
A COLLECTION OF Scarce and Valuable BOOKS,
Which may be seen every day, until five o'clock, P. M.
Among them are the following:
Folio. HOMER. Xenophon, Plato, Plutarch, Eusebius, Sozomen, Theodoret, Virgil, Horace, Livy, Tacitus, Paternculus, Pliny, Concordantia Lat. Concordantia Gr. Thesaurus Ciceronis, Biblia Junii and Tremellii, Bible de Martin, Wells's Maps, Scapulae—Phavorini—Martini—Hoffmani Lexica, Vossii Etymologicum, Antiquit. Eccles. Britannica, &c.
Quarto. Pindar, Cyropaedia, Bentley's Horace, Terence and Phaedrus, Ovid, Juvenal, Manilius, Ciceronis op. om. Caesar, Suetonius, Julius Pollux, Hederici Lexicon, Vossii Ais Gram. Cluverii Geographia, Justinian Code, &c.
Octavo et infra. Homer, Anacreon, Aristophanes, Longinus, Theophrastus, Hesiod, Poetae minores Gr. Isocrates, Phalaris, various editions of Horace, Virgil, Terence, and Ovid, Tibullus, Plautus, Lucan, Martial, Claudian, Val. Flaccus, Ausonius, Buchanan, Sallust, Curtius, Florus, Justin, Val. Maximus, A. Gellius, Hist. August. Scriptores, English and French Translations of some of the Classics, a great variety of Greek and Latin Grammars, &c. &c.
Catalogues may be had of Messrs. Rice & Co. Bookellers, Market-street, or JOHN CAREY. October 31. [cp 1f.]
JOHN PINTARD, SWORN BROKER & AUCTIONEER, PURCHASES and SELLS
PUBLIC DEBT of every description, on Commission, at the following rates:
ON the specie amount of all sales at auction, one eighth per cent. On ditto at private sale or purchase, one-half per cent. On remittances, ditto. Receiving interest at the Loan-Office, one per cent. on the amount of the interest.
For making transfers at ditto, seventy-five cents per transfer. Such persons as may incline to favor the subscriber with their orders, may rely on their being executed with punctuality, fidelity and dispatch. His long experience and extensive dealings in the public stocks, together with a well established correspondence throughout the United States, enable him to conduct his operations with peculiar benefit to his employers.
JOHN PINTARD, New-York, No. 57, King-Street. October 15, 1791.
PRINTS OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION.
THE subscribers to the Prints of the Battle of Bunker's Hill, and the attack of Quebec, are informed, that Etchings of those Prints are to be seen at Mr. ANTHONY's, Jeweller, in Market-street—(where may also be seen an Etching of Mr. COPLEY's celebrated Print of the Death of Lord CHATHAM.)
The subscription for this work (which has hitherto been confined to America) will be opened on the 1st of January next, in the principal cities of Europe: Those Gentlemen therefore who may wish to possess early, and of course valuable impressions, are requested to avail themselves of this interval, in which a preference is still given to America.
Subscriptions are received by Mr. TRUMBULL, and by Mr. ANTHONY, Jeweller, Philadelphia; Mr. DANIEL PENFIELD, Water-street, New-York; Mr. WILLIAM WAYNE, Boston; and Mr. R. HAZLEHURST, Charleston, South-Carolina.
The price to subscribers is Three Guineas for each Print—one half to be paid at the time of subscribing, the remainder when the Prints shall be delivered.
Philadelphia. October 24, 1791.
Lectures on Government & Law.
THE Honorable JAMES WILSON, L. L. D. Professor of Laws in the College and Academy of Philadelphia, proposes to deliver, next Winter, two Courses of Lectures. One Course to begin on the Second Monday, the other on the Second Tuesday of December.
WILLIAM ROGERS, Secretary to the Board of Faculty. Philadelphia, October 12, 1791. [cp 1D]
UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA, October 7, 1791.
The MEDICAL LECTURES will begin on the first Monday in November next.
Funds of the United States.
ALL kinds of the Public Debt of the Union, bought, sold, or exchanged; Foreign and Inland Bills of Exchange negotiated; Merchandise of all sorts bought and sold on Commission, and all other Business in the line of a Broker, transacted by
WILLIAM CLELAND, At the Office next door to the Custom-House, State-Street, BOSTON. 2m
IMPERIAL HYSON, SOUCHONG, and BOHEA
TEAS,
REFINED SUGARS, COFFEE, & SPICES, &c. &c. Of the first quality—by retail,
No 19,
Third-Street, between Chestnut and Market-Streets.
A Young Gentleman, of American birth and education (being a graduate) would for a liberal compensation engage as Tutor in a family, or take charge of an Academy, to teach the Latin and English Languages. He has had some experience in teaching, and trusts he can exhibit satisfactory recommendations.
Any letters upon this subject, post paid, addressed to A—S—, and the care of the Editor hereof, prior to the 25th December, will be punctually attended to. October 22, 1791. [1aw]
MASSACHUSETTS SEMI-ANNUAL LOTTERY. CLASS SECOND.
THIS Class will positively commence drawing on Thursday the 24th of November next, at 4 o'clock, P. M. which will be completed with all expedition.—The Managers pledge themselves that no consideration whatever shall induce them to postpone the drawing a moment beyond that time. Boston, October 15, 1791.
PUBLIC SECURITIES,
BOUGHT and SOLD, on COMMISSION, by SAMUEL ANDERSON,
Chestnut-Street, next door to the Bank, No. 97. MASSACHUSETTS SEMI-ANNUAL, AND NEW-HAVEN LOTTERY TICKETS, To be had at the same place.
TO BE SOLD,
And possession given immediately,
That pleasantly situated FARM
Whereon the subscriber now lives.
IT lies on the road from Princeton to Brunswick, about a mile and a half from the former. It contains 213 acres, whereof 47 are woodland, upwards of 30 meadow, and 20 more may be made. Also a young orchard of 200 apple trees, besides a variety of peach and cherry trees, and a large garden; the whole under good fence. There are on the premises a two story stone house and kitchen, with an elegant piazza, the whole painted and finished. Also, a smoke-house, work-shop, granary, waggon-house; barracks cow-houses, two stories high and 60 feet long, and a good barn, with stabling. From the buildings there are charming views of Princeton, the neighbouring farms, and Monmouth hills. Any person inclining to purchase, may know the terms by applying to the subscriber on the premises, or to ISAAC SNOWDEN, No. 141, South Second-Street, Philadelphia.
ISAAC SNOWDEN, Junior. Princeton, October 10, 1791. [cp 2m]
W. M C DOUGALL'S DANCING SCHOOL,
Is now opened at his School-Room, No. 28, Carter's Alley.
HE returns his sincere thanks for the great encouragement he has experienced these eighteen years; hopes the reputation of his school for decorum and good order, as well as the performance of his scholars, will still entitle him a respectable share of the public favor.
A number of new Cotillions and Country Dances will be taught during the season.
Those who please to honor him with the tuition of their children, may be assured, they will be taught in the most approved stile, and that proper attention will be paid to their carriage and manners.
A general practising for the improvement of the scholars, will be held at the New Rooms, every other Wednesday; when the employers, and strangers of genteel deportment, will be admitted. These practisings will be attended with no expence.
N. B. An EVENING SCHOOL will be opened for grown Gentlemen, as soon as a sufficient number offer. Philadelphia, September 14, 1791. [t. f.]
Forty Dollars Reward.
LAST night was broke open the Store of the subscriber, at Bordentown, and stolen from the same the following articles, viz. One hair trunk, containing womens' wearing apparel; 1 small box, containing four clocks and one dozen testaments; 1 ditto containing one bottle green cloth coat, one striped vest and breeches, two shirts and a small bag with 36 dollars and 20s. to go. Jersey coppers; 1 keg containing a large bible, with other small books; 1 box containing 447 reals ostrich feathers, some of them large and elegant, and of different colours; 2 barrels rye meal, branded Stout and Imlay; 1 barrel pork, 1 ream paper, and 1 dozen paste-boards.—Stolen at the same time, a large Batteau, with black sides.
A reward of Twenty Dollars will be given for the security of the above property, so that the owners may have the articles again, or in proportion for part thereof; also a further reward of Twenty Dollars will be given for the security of the perpetrator or perpetrators, so that they may be brought to justice, by
JOHN VAN EMBURGH. Bordentown, New-Jersey. Sept. 1, 1791. [cp 1f]
WANTED, A NUMBER OF
Journeymen Cordwainers,
Who will find constant employment and generous wages, by applying to the Master Cordwainers of the City of Philadelphia. October 22, 1791. [cp 1f]
Wanted, a good COOK,
To whom genteel wages will be allowed. None need apply who cannot be well recommended. Enquire of the Printer.
ADVERTISEMENT.
BY late arrivals from France, the Editor has received from No. 10 to 31, both inclusive, of a Publication which comes out twice a week in Paris, entitled, "CORRESPONDANCE NATIONALE."—From No. 1 to No. 10, have been shipped, but are not yet come to hand. Any person who may incline to subscribe for this work, which appears to be ingenious, impartial and patriotic, may be furnished with the numbers as they arrive by applying to the Editor of this Gazette.
The JOURNAL of the THIRD SESSION of the SENATE of the UNITED STATES, may be had of the Editor hereof.
PLAN OF THE
Gazette of the United States.
EARLY and authentic accounts of the Proceedings of Congress, communicated so as to form an history of the transactions of the National Government.
II. Laws, &c. of the United States.
III. Impartial Sketches of the Debates of Congress.
IV. Essays on the great subjects of Government; also upon the local and national rights of the American citizens, as founded in nature, or on the national or state Constitutions; and on other subjects suitable for newspaper discussion.
V. A series of Paragraphs, calculated to catch the "living manners as they rise," and to point the public attention to objects that have an important reference to domestic, social and public happiness.
VI. The Interests of the United States, as connected with their literary Institutions; religious and moral objects; improvements in Science, Arts, EDUCATION and HUMANITY; their foreign treaties, alliances, connections, &c.
VII. Intelligence which may affect the commercial, agricultural, manufacturing, or political interests of the American nation.
VIII. A chain of Domestic Occurrences.
IX. A series of foreign articles of Intelligence.
X. The state of the Funds; Courses of Exchange; Prices Current.
CONDITIONS.
Published every WEDNESDAY and SATURDAY.
The price to subscribers, THREE DOLLARS per annum.
The first semi-annual payment to be made at the time of subscribing: The second at the end of the year.
SUBSCRIPTIONS
Will be received in all the capital towns upon the Continent; also at No. 69, High-Street, between Second and Third Streets, Philadelphia.
ORIGINAL ADDRESS.
TO THE PUBLIC.
AT this important crisis, the ideas that fill the mind, are pregnant with events of the greatest magnitude—to strengthen and complete the union of the States—to extend and protect their commerce—to explore and arrange the national funds—to restore and establish the public credit—will require the energies of the patriots and sages of our country—Hence the propriety of encreasing the mediums of knowledge and information.
AMERICA, from this period begins her national existence—"THE WORLD IS ALL BEFORE HER"—the wisdom and folly—the misery and prosperity of the empires, states, and kingdoms, which have had their day upon the great theatre of time, and are now no more, suggest the most important mementos—these, with the rapid series of events, in which our country has been involved, have taught the enlightened citizens of the United States, that freedom and government, liberty and laws, are inseparable.
This conviction led to the adoption of the new constitution; for however various the sentiments, respecting the merits of this system, all good MEN are agreed in the necessity of an efficient federal government.
A paper, therefore, established upon national, independent, and impartial principles—which shall take up the premised articles, upon a COMPETENT PLAN, it is presumed, will be highly interesting, and meet with public approbation and patronage.
The Editor of this publication is determined to leave no avenue of information unexplored;—He solicits the assistance of persons of leisure and abilities—which, united with his own assiduity, he flatters himself will render the Gazette of the United States not unworthy general encouragement—and is, with due respect, the public's humble servant, April 15, 1789. THE EDITOR.
POSTSCRIPT.
THE plan and execution of the GAZETTE OF THE UNITED STATES, have received the approbation of a tribunal, from which there is no appeal.
The subscriptions, which are encreasing, have long since exceeded the expectations of the publisher—a punctilious compliance with the terms would compensate his labours, and animate his future exertions.
The Government that an enlightened and free people adopt, is a sacred consideration—it knows no party—and its prosperity is founded on the public good.
While the people are just to themselves, the administration of their affairs will be committed to men of integrity and competent abilities; and it will be the duty of patriotism to impress the public mind with favorable sentiments of the measures of government.
Our country continuing enlightened and free, the period cannot be anticipated when a publication on the plan of this Gazette shall involve a dereliction of those principles with which the liberties and happiness of the United States are connected.
With respect to the circulation of this paper, the Editor regrets the recent disappointments which have unavoidably taken place—he has always been fully impressed with the importance of punctuality, and cannot charge himself with a single instance of remissness.
It is very generally supposed that Congress, at the ensuing session, will take measures to ensure the circulation of newspapers in the United States; and particularly their transmission from the Seat of Government to all parts of the Union. Justice, policy and patriotism, plead irresistibly in favor of some effectual provision's being made. The following pertinent and judicious observations on this subject, lately appeared in an address to the public from the Editor of the GAZETTE OF MAINE. They are substituted in preference to any thing which the editor of this paper might further suggest, more particularly as coming from a remote quarter of the Union.
"Perhaps there is no country, in any part of the world, the inhabitants of which are, (or may be) supplied with public Newspapers at a cheaper rate than those of America. The Farmer and the Merchant, the Laborer and the Mechanic, may, by the means of a public Paper, when he retires from the business and fatigues of the day, take a view of the situation, the circumstances and the various revolutions of the several countries of the civilized world—And it must be a pleasing circumstance, that this is the privilege, emphatically the privilege of an American."
"Let it therefore be remembered, that by virtue of this privilege, the body of the people constantly obtain and preserve such a degree of knowledge as shall be competent to the prevention of any attempt that may be made by cunning and designing men to sap the foundation of our most invaluable constitution. But, let the circulation of these Vehicles of Public Information be circumscribed, and the people will at once become uninformed of public transactions, and the more enlightened few will engross the privileges, immunities and prerogatives, which in the nature and fitness of things, are the indefeasible right of the whole body of the people."
"It is presumed no American will need a stimulus of this nature to furnish himself with public information. The cheap rate at which it is offered, the love and glory of our country, will at all times promote such a mode of conduct, as shall forever bar the attempts of tyranny, ignorance and superstition."
Several of the first volume of this Gazette are wanted—cost, and the original cost, will be paid for them by the Editor.