The New-York journal, and weekly register (New-York [N.Y.]), 1788-11-27 00:00:00

The New-York Journal, and Weekly Register.
NUMB. 197, of VOL. XLII.]
THURSDAY, November 27, 1788.
[Total NUMB. 2376.]
HERE TRUTH UNLICENS'D REIGNS; AND DARES ACCOST—E'EN KINGS THEMSELVES, OR RULERS OF THE FREE. Thompson's Liberty.
NEW-YORK: Printed and Published by THOMAS GREENLEAF, at the PRINTING-OFFICE, No. 25, WATER-STREET.
On AGRICULTURE.
Of nations, as of individuals, the first blessing is independence. Neither the man, nor the people, can be happy, whose dependence for the necessaries, or conveniences of life, is on a foreign power; and there is no way to be otherwise than dependent, but by the product of our own lands, cultivated and improved by our own industry and labor. Every other source of plenty and power is casual and uncertain.
Though trade and manufactures often enrich countries, yet those, however, profitable, must yield in usefulness to the cultivation of lands. Commerce, however, we may please ourselves with the contrary idea, is a daughter of fortune inconsistent and deceitful; she resides where she is least expected, and quits her abode, when to appearance she is firmly settled; this is a truth, which daily experience confirms; and common observation sanctifies the assertion. How then can trade be considered otherwise, than as an uncertain basis of power; and who can refrain wishing for his country, greatness more solid and felicity more durable? Trade, while prosperous, must owe its success to husbandry—the materials for manufactures are the produce of the earth, our wool and our flax, which are woven into cloth, and the metals which are formed into weapons offensive or defensive, and into instruments of husbandry, are all supplied by nature, assisted by art.
The manufacturer, could have no goods to supply the trader, nor the merchant employ the seaman, without the labour of the farmer—trade would soon stagnate, riches would not benefit the great, nor labor be of service to the poor.
It is this labor of the husbandman that gives employment to manufactures and supports all parts of a community, it is the spring that puts in motion the whole machinery of commerce, and the sail could not be spread without the assistance of the plough. Among the ancients, the highest honours were ever paid to the profession of the husbandman, and it is a happy omen, that the reputation of this most useful class of citizens is rising with so much rapidity in this country. Although there may be profitable manufactures, which are sometimes raised from imported materials; yet by such as well as other importations, we are liable to, and frequently feel the caprice of our neighbours, witness the restraints laid on our trade in Great Britain and the English West-India islands. And as the fertility of our land, affords an ample supply for our occasions, by furnishing us with the means of subsistence, foreign trade, any farther than is necessary for the exportation of our produce, ought to be disregarded; and this will certainly be the case, when we grow wiser and more industrious; when we have facility to discern, and vigour to pursue our true interest.
Mines are generally, though very erroneously, considered as sources of wealth; and common observers would suppose, that the possession of great quantities of precious metals, would be the first national blessing, but the poverty of Spain, who thought herself exempted from the tillage of her lands by the conquest of Peru, with all its veins of silver, is now (if history rightly informs us) viewed in Europe with wonder and contempt; and I believe it would be happy for the world, if its mines of gold and silver should be exhausted, and the species made of them lost, as the earth alone would then be cultivated, and the primeval felicity of the first ages be revived, innocence and simplicity would be our characteristics, by which our happiness would be insured. Those who can live upon the produce of their own lands, raised by their own industry, are perhaps in a situation the most enviable under the sun, without a want of money, or a wish for those things which nature has denied them, they enjoy all the benefits of independence and sufficiency. In this country we have the richest and most valuable mines; inexhaustible stores of iron which lie useless in the ore for want of refining, this must be effected by industry; and providence never designed to feed us without our concurrence. Nature grants us whatever we cannot provide, she gives us fruits which are most meliorate, and metals which must be refined by labor alone.
The surface of the earth is more liberal than its caverns. The fields which at this season are laid bare by the sickle, will, in the succeeding summer be covered with a new harvest, the grass which the cattle devour, shoots up again, when they have passed over it: It is therefore agriculture alone, considered as furnishing provisions and materials for manufactures, which can support us without the help of others, in certain plenty and true dignity, and while our fields are covered with grain and cattle, nature and reason will tell us we can want nothing. But if imagination should ficken at native plenty, and call for delicacies from other countries, there is nothing which corn and cattle will not purchase, our country is perhaps of all others the most productive of the necessaries of life; and although the pine apple, and other similar fruits thrive better under the tropicks than with us, yet we ought not to envy their inhabitants those superfluities, we cannot subsist on the peculiar indulgencies of nature, but must have our support from her more common gifts, we must feed on bread, and be clothed with wool and flax, and the people who can most abundantly furnish those useful commodities, will have their ships welcomed at any port, or sit at home and treasure up the gold of foreigners. As we have all, or at least the greater part of what we want among ourselves, we need not be too anxious about extending our commerce, if we consider agriculture in a political view, it is of the utmost importance, and perhaps the only sure foundation of greatness. As a profession, it strengthens the mind without injuring the body, and tends to increase virtue without introducing vice, as it naturally inspires us with pious sentiments, and a dependence on providence without a tincture of infidelity, it is a rational amusement to a man of leisure, and a boundless source of contemplation and activity to the industrious, let all therefore attend industriously to the practice or the promotion of husbandry, as by that alone, can our commerce, if commerce shall be necessary, be perpetuated; or, as by that, can we live in plenty, without intercourse with other nations, this is therefore the great art we ought to study, which every politic and wise government ought to encourage, every owner of lands to practice, and every enquirer into nature to improve.
From the AMERICAN MERCURY.
When a lot is cast, the whole disposal of it is from God!
IN ancient times when any controversy about a fact become too intricate for the ignorant judges of those days to unravel, they had recourse to what they called the judgment of God, that is to fortune; one method was the decision of the Cross practised in the following manner. When a person was accused of any crime, he first cleared himself by oath, attended by 11 Compurgators; He next took two pieces of wood, one of which was marked with the sign of the Cross; and wrapping both up in wool he placed them on the Altar, or on some celebrated Relique. After solemn Prayers for the success of the experiment, a Priest, or some unexperienced youth, took up one of the pieces of wood, and if he happened upon that marked with the figure of the Cross, the person was pronounced innocent; if otherwise, guilty. This practice was abolished by the Emperor Lewis the Debonnaire, not because it was attended with uncertainty, but lest that sacred figure should be prostituted in common disputes and controversies."
Humes Hist. Eng. Vol. 11. Page 233 and 234. Nec Deus interit, nisi dignus vindice nodus incidit.
ACADEMY,
At Kingston, Ulster County.
THE Trustees of this Academy beg leave to inform their Friends and the Public, that the Latin School is now supplied by a Gentleman from England, who is completely qualified to teach the Latin, Greek, and French Languages, having given every satisfactory Proof of his Abilities in some of the first Seminaries in the United States.
The Trustees flatter themselves from the above Circumstance, the low rate of Boarding and Tuition, together with the healthy and pleasant Situation of Kingston, that a Number may be induced to send their Sons, sufficient to make up a Compliment of Scholars.
Kingston, Esopus, October 29, 1788. 73.4 w.
BROKE GAOL,
ON Friday night the 31st of October, from the Court-house in Goshen, a certain ROBERT JONES, being confined for passing counterfeit money. He is a well set man, near 6 feet high, about 25 years of age, has no natural marks.—Whoever will return him into the said Court-house shall be entitled to FIVE DOLLARS reward, by me HEZ. HOWELL, Sheriff.
Orange County, Nov. 1, 1788. 73.4 w.
State of New-York, ss.
WHEREAS all the real estate of which Jacobus Jacobus Blauvelt, late of Orange town, in the county of Orange, carpenter, deceased; died seized, has been sold by an order of Peter Ogilvie, Esq. judge of the court of probates of this state, for the payment of his debts—All persons who have any demands against the estate of the said Jacobus Jacobus Blauvelt, are hereby notified and desired to produce the same to the said judge of the said court of probates, at the probate office in the city of New-York, on the fifteenth day of January next, when and where a final settlement and distribution of the said estate will be made.—Given under my hand, at the probate office, in the city of New-York, the fifteenth day of October, in the year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and eighty-eight.
70 8w. PETER OGILVIE.
Just Published, At Thomas Greenleaf's Printing-Office, No. 25, Water-Street. A new, complete, and correct Edition of Baron Steuben's Regulations FOR THE Order and Discipline OF THE Troops of the United States.
JUST PUBLISHED, An Address to the people of the state of New-York; shewing the necessity of making AMENDMENTS to the constitution proposed for the United States, previous to its ADOPTION." To which is added, by way of postscript, some STRICTURES on a pamphlet, lately published, entitled, "An address to the people of the state of New-York, on the subject of the proposed constitution, &c." By a PLEBEIAN.
Just Published by M. CAREY, At Philadelphia, and to be SOLD By THOMAS ALLEN, Book-Seller, in Queen-Street, New-York (By whom Subscriptions are received) The American Museum, For OCTOBER, 1788. CONTAINING, Politics.
REMARKS on a resolve of Congress, Reply to the above remarks, Address to the independent electors of the federal government.
Miscellanies.
Letter on education, Queries and answers respecting marriage, Remarks on names, On the wants and desires of mankind, Oration on the effects of spirituous liquors upon the human body, Letter from the Hon. Charles Thomson to general Clinton, Address to the friends of religion, morality, and useful knowledge, Account of the life and character of Mr. John Pierce, Letter from Dr. Fothergill to a friend in Massachu.
Manufactures.
Address to the friends of American manufactures, Account of the cotton mills in Great-Britain, Circular letter from the tradesmen, &c. of Boston.
Rural Concerns.
On the advantage of raising hemp, Receipt for making maple sugar, —————maple molasses, —————maple beer, —————maple wine, —————maple vinegar, Cure for the measles in swine.
Philosophical Papers.
Letter on the southern and northern lights, On the attraction towards the magnetic points, Conjectures concerning the causes of such attractions.
On Instructing Representatives.
Thoughts on the constitution of Maryland, Address of Samuel Chase, Esq.
Rhode-Island.
Address to the citizens of Rhode-Island, Address to the Rhode-Island friends of paper money, tender acts, and anti-federalism.
Humour.
Some thoughts on the diseases of the mind, Extract from a memoir to the American philosophical society, Balloons not a modern invention.
Federal Constitution.
Fabius's IVth letter, Vth letter, Remarks on the new constitution.
Revolutional Paper.
Letter II. from a farmer in Pennsylvania.
Poetry.
Poem written in Boston, The incantation, The American militia, The complaint of Cæsarilla, The bulls and the lion, Horace, lib. 1. ode xxii. imitated, Eligiac ode, sacred to the memory of gen. Greene
At a Meeting of the Society, for the Relief of Distressed Debtors, held at the House of Mr. John Simmons, the fourth Day of September, one thousand seven hundred and eighty-eight. [On emergency.]
JONATHAN LAWRENCE, Esquire, President for the Evening.
THE Committee of Visitation reporting, that from the great Number of Persons relieved, the Funds of the Society were totally exhausted. That there were several distressed Debtors in Prison, who had no other Subsistence, but what was derived from this Body; and that without such Aid, they must want the common Necessaries of Life. And the said Committee farther reporting, that it would be necessary for the Society, to procure a quantity of Fire-Wood for the Benefit of the Prisoners the ensuing Winter; and that, were the Means in the Power of the Society, the same might be purchased at present, at a very low Rate; whereupon, on Motion, it is unanimously voted, that the Clergy in this City, be earnestly requested, to preach Charity Sermons in their respective Churches, for promoting the important and benevolent Purposes of the Society. And that Doctor Rogers, Mr. Linn, Mr. Beach, and Dr. Kunze be a Committee for making the necessary Arrangements to carry the same into Effect.
Published by order of the Society. 65—t.f. W. COCK, Secretary.
This Day was Published, And to be SOLD by the PRINTER hereof, &c. A COMPENDIUM OF
Christian Theology, By JOHN FREDERICK OSTERWALD, A celebrated Divine of Switzerland, Newly translated into English, from the Original LATIN, By the Rev. JOHN M'MAINS. SUBSCRIBERS are requested to call for their BOOKS.
Lumber Inspector's Office,
No. 145, Water-Street, Where Shippers of Lumber will please to apply to MICHAEL CONNOLLY, Inspector.
New-York, Nov. 13, 1788. 73. t.f.
TO BE SOLD, For JERSEY MONEY at full Value, Or exchanged for any Property in New-York, or bartered for West-India or DRY GOODS, At Market Price.
A Valuable FARM,
SITUATE in Woodbridge township, in the county of Essex, New-Jersey, within a quarter of a mile of the main road from Woodbridge to Brunswick, about eight miles distant from the latter, and three and a half from Perth Amboy, consisting of one hundred and seventy acres a third part of which is excellent MEADOW; a sufficiency of fire-wood, with a handsome piece of thrifty young timber.
The plough-land equal to any in that part of the country; the whole under good fence.
On the premises is a good house, kitchen, and barn; and an excellent spring of water near the door; to which is added, fifteen acres, or thereabouts, of salt marsh, on the Rariton, about one mile from the farm.
This place is well known by the name of CLAWSON'S FARM.
For terms of sale enquire of Mr. Joseph Endon, merchant, New-York, or Benjamin Thompson, near Morris-Town.
This Day is published, And to be sold by the PRINTER hereof and by ROBERT HODGE, No. 237, Queen-Street,
PRINCIPLES OF THE Latin Grammar,
EXPLAINED in a manner suited to the Capacity of Beginners, with rules and Observations calculated for those who have made proficiency in the Classics.
By JAMES HARDIE, A. B. Teacher of the GREEK and LATIN Languages, NEW-YORK.
WE, the PRESIDENT and PROFESSORS of COLUMBIA COLLEGE, whose names are hereunto subscribed, do certify, that we have examined a new publication, entitled "The Principles of the Latin Grammar explained, &c. by JAMES HARDIE," and that we find it an accurate and judicious compilation, well calculated for the instruction of youth in the rudiments of the Latin language; and such as may be useful even to those who have made considerable progress therein. We therefore recommend it to all who are intrusted with the care of education, and particularly to those teachers in the different schools of this state.
W. SAMUEL JOHNSON, President, WILLIAM COCHRAN, Professor of Lang. JOHN DANIEL GROS, Professor of (Moral Philosophy and Geography), JOHN KEMP, Professor of Mathematics and (Natural Philosophy).
For the CONVENIENCE of MERCHANTS, Just Published,
And to be sold at this Printing-Office, A CATALOGUE of those ARTICLES of MERCHANTIZE on which DUTIES were imposed by late acts of the legislature of this state, viz. of April 11, 1787, and March 12, 1788; which duties took place on the 1st inst.
In the arranging of this catalogue neither pains nor expense of time has been spared to render it of great utility to the Merchants, by selecting and properly distinguishing the several rates of impositions—upon GOODS imported in vessels built in the United States since April 11, 1787, and not really and bona fide wholly the property of the citizens—imported in foreign vessels—and, in American vessels. This work would require labour, and the most intense study and attention of the best merchant, so nicely to distinguish. It is printed upon a large substantial sheet of paper, with the several kinds of duties in distinct columns, in such a manner that they can be readily consulted when passed up in a Counting-house.
As a small number of this kind of work sell, in general, the sale being confined to merchants, 2/6d. each was at first demanded; but, finding no one chose to purchase at that rate, the Printer has (least he should sink his whole labour and expence) fixed the price at One Shilling only.
N. B. A few of the supplements of the act, passed the 12th of March, to be sold at this office.
All kinds of Public & State Certificates
BOUGHT and SOLD, At No. 27, WATER-STREET, And every kind of PAPER MONEY exchanged for SPECIE and re-exchanged: Also on Hand FOR SALE,
A LARGE Sum in Bancker's, Barber's, and Loan Office Certificates of this State, such as will purchase Lands at the Commissioner's sale, and pay Quit-Rents—Likewise, Final Settlements of this State; any, or all of which will be exchanged for Common Final Settlements, Loan-Office, or Pickering's Notes, and indents at a small difference.

MISCELLANY.
GENTINEL, No. XXII.
To the PEOPLE of PENNSYLVANIA.
Friends, and Fellow Citizens.
It was my intention to appropriate this number to the consideration of the enormous sums of public money unaccounted for by individuals, now ascertained by a late investigation of Congress; but accidentally meeting with an address to the free men of Pennsylvania, signed Lucullus, published in the Federal Gazette of November the 6th, I thought no time should be lost in detecting the atrocious falsehoods, and countering the baneful poison contained in that address. In a former number I noticed the base policy practiced by the republicans, as they styled themselves, of imitating and prejudicing that part of the community who were disaffected to our cause in the late war, against the constitutional whigs, by the grossest calumny and misrepresentation of their conduct and principles, and thereby during the disaffected into the support of measures, which their dispassionate judgment would have reprobated, as highly injurious to the common welfare. That address is a continuation of the same policy, and from characteristic features, is known to be the production of Galen, who has done more to destroy the harmony of Pennsylvania, and forward the yasslage of her citizens to the rich and alpiring, than all the other firebrands of party and instruments of ambition.
We are now hastening to a crisis that will determine the fate of this great country, that will decide whether the United States is to be ruled by a free government, or subjected to the supremacy of a lordly and profligate few. Hitherto the gratification of party spirit and prejudice was attended with the ruin of the honest whigs and the emolument and aggrandizement of the republicans at the common expense; but now it would be attended with the loss of all liberty and the establishment of a general thralldom—men of all descriptions, except our rulers, would equally wear the fetters, and experience the evils of despotism: it therefore behoves every man who has any regard for the welfare and happiness of his country, of himself, or his posterity, to endeavor to divert himself of all prejudices that may bias or blind his judgement on this great occasion. In confidence of a dispassionate perusal and consideration, I will now take up the address and expose its fallacy. It begins, "You will be called upon, on the last Wednesday of the present month, to give your votes for eight persons to represent you in the legislature of the United States. You never were called upon to exercise the privilege of electing rulers upon a more important occasion. Two tickets will be offered you. The one will contain men who will support the new constitution in its present form; the other ticket will contain men, who will overlet the government under the specious pretext of amending it." Here is a plain, explicit avowal that the new constitution is to be supported in its present form; I hope this declaration will open the eyes of those people who have been deluded by the deceitful promises of amendments, and, that being thereby convinced of the fallacy of the reiterated assurances of amendments, they will now embrace the only method left of obtaining them, by giving their full ages and influence to the other ticket. The bugbear raised to intimate the people from voting for this ticket, viz. "That the design is to destroy the government under the specious pretext of amending it," I trust will be treated with the deserved contempt, and that this low device will only confirm the people the more in their determination to support men favorable to amendments. The address proceeds, "To give you just ideas of the anti-federal ticket, I shall only add, that it was composed and will be supported by persons, who violated the rights of conscience, by imposing a wicked and tyrannical test law upon the Quakers, Mennonists, and other sects of Christians, who hold war to be unlawful." In regard to the test law, I shall only observe that the circumstances of the times justified, nay, made it indispensably necessary, that it was a dictate of common sense and agreeable to the great law of self-preservation to draw a line of discrimination, and exclude from our councils and places of power and trust, those persons who were inimical to our cause; and that such has been, and must ever be, from the nature of this, the practice of all nations when engaged in civil war. However, I am clearly of opinion that sound policy dictates the repeal of such laws as soon as it can be done consistent with the public safety, to prevent men of such principles and views as Galen and his party from availing themselves of the irritated feelings of the non-jurors and their friends, to compass designs prejudicial to the public liberties and welfare.
The tender law stands next in the catalogue of crimes. "Who ruined half the widows, orphans, and aged citizens in the state, by an unjust and cruel tender law?" In order to form a judgment of the propriety of this law, we must recur to the occasion of making it. When the thirteen late provinces, now states of America, in Congress assembled, came to the resolution of supporting their liberty and independence by the sword, they found it necessary to anticipate the resources of the country by emitting bills of credit, and as the value and efficiency of this mean, depended on their being received in all transactions equal to gold and silver money, of like denominations, a legal compulsion to ensure this currency to them was then deemed essentially necessary, and accordingly Congress recommended the measure to the several states, who, in compliance therewith, passed laws, making the continental money a legal tender. This paper money was the sinew of the war, and as such was to be cherished—upon its credit depended our political salvation. However, it is my decided opinion that Congress were mistaken in supposing that the credit of paper money could be supported by making it a legal tender: it is adequate funds of redemption being provided, and public confidence only that can stamp the value of money on paper.
But why censure the government of Pennsylvania for laws that were made ministerially, in compliance with the recommendations of Congress? May not every government in the union be stigmatized on the same principle, as they all passed similar laws? Moreover, with what consistency can the Republicans adduce the tender laws as a crime against the Constitutionalists, when the former were the authors of the most oppressive of them,
when they renewed these laws, after they had been suspended by the constitutionalists? A recurrence to the minutes of the assembly and the laws of the state will fully establish this fact. It will thereby appear that the assembly elected in October 1779, who were to a man constitutionalists, suspended the operation of the laws, making the continental money a legal tender for three months by their act passed on the 31st of May, 1780, which was further continued by their act of the 22d of September following; and by the succeeding assembly, which were republicans, it was continued without limitation. Thus the legal tender of the continental money was first suspended by the constitutionalists; and this same assembly passed a law, on the 25th of March, 1780, for emitting 100,000. in bills of credit, founded on the city lots and Province-Island, without making them a legal tender.
It will also appear by the minutes of assembly and laws, that the republicans afterwards, viz. on the 9th of April 1781, emitted the enormous sum of 500,000. in bills of credit, at a time when the public exigencies did not require or justify this oppressive emission of paper money, and could only be accounted for by the scene of profitable speculation that was made on this money by the cofferer and his friends, and this paper the republicans made a legal tender with heavy forfeitures and penalties in case of refusal.
The republicans moreover made the 100,000. island money emitted by the constitutionalists a legal tender, although the fund of redemption was so abundantly adequate, the consequence of which was a greater depreciation. And these tender-laws were not made in pursuance of recommendations of Congress, but were the original acts of the republicans.
If the tender laws have been so cruel and wicked, so destructive as "to ruin half the widows, orphans and aged citizens in this state," how came the immaculate republicans to renew them at so late a period in the war, when they must have been fully informed of their operation, and when they had not so good a plea to justify them? What unparalleled impudence to charge the constitutionalists with the hardships and evils of laws that they the republicans were instrumental in reviving and continuing! and yet as extravagant and inconsistent as this charge is, the prejudice and credulity of party spirit has implicitly believed it. Although the republican party devised and made the last tender-laws for their private emolument, although they reaped the rich harvest of speculations on the public credit, by means of these laws, yet the constitutionalists must bear all the odium of them.
The Doctor has exhibited a most exaggerated picture of the grievous consequences of the militia law; he says "that wagons have been sold for 3s. 9d. cows for 9d. &c. Whoever reprobates the militia law, must on the same principle reprobate the late glorious contest for liberty; for any person the least acquainted with the transactions of the war, must know that the militia were very instrumental to our success, a law was therefore necessary to form and call forth this militia when requisite—If, in the execution of a general system, hardships have happened to individuals, they are to be considered as private misfortunes, not public oppressions; or, if collectors and other officers have prostituted this law to private gain, they are to be stigmatized, not the law, or its framers.
The address continues, "who have pocketed, or squandered away as much confiscated property as would have paid, if it had been properly disposed of, half the debt of the state?" This is a charge easily made, but until the mere assertion of an anonymous writer is deemed sufficient to substantiate the fact, the public will expect better evidence. I call upon the Doctor to name the instances, point out the persons and produce the proof of this peculation on the confiscated property; and in answer to the other part of the charge, viz. "that it was squandered," I will say it is equally groundless, whether as to the appropriation that was made of this property, or as to the premature disposition of it; for, if we may judge from the temper and conduct of succeeding houses of assembly, it is evident, that had the fates of this property been postponed, they would never have taken place, as it would have been restored to the original owners.
The address proceeds, "who have banished specie & credit from the state, by their last emission of paper money. Who have nearly ruined the state by assuming and funding the debts of the United States, whereby they have checked our agriculture, commerce and manufactures, and driven many thousands of farmers and mechanics to Kentucky and Niagara." If an honest, just compliance with public engagements, if the support of public credit, so prized by every wise nation and inviolably maintained by the enlightened government of Great-Britain, as its great resource in time of need, is considered criminal in Pennsylvania, the funding law and the last emission of paper money cannot be vindicated; but I am persuaded the people of this state have too high sense of justice and too much discernment to their permanent interests, for this doctrine to become popular.
"Who have burdened the state with expensive establishments and salaries, thereby encouraging idleness, dependence, and servility among our citizens." This is a groundless assertion and base calumny.
"Who have violated the constitution of the state, by sacrilegiously robbing an institution so learning and charity of its charters and funds." I refer my readers to the reasons of the majority of the council of censors, for a complete refutation of this charge.
"Who by the number and weight of their taxes, have reduced landed property to one fourth of its former value, and thereby forced many ancient and respectable farmers and merchants, possessed of large valuable estates, to submit to the operation of laws, which have reduced them from well earned affluence or independence to poverty and misery." How lost to all sense of truth and decency must the Doctor be to ascribe the evils of the oppressive taxes to the constitutionalists, when he knows his party were the authors of them? Does he forget the enormous tax of 1782, imposed by his friend Mr. Morris, which vastly exceeded the ability of the people to pay, amounting to 425,000. in specie besides the paper money:—a tax that has been productive of more distress and mischief than the aggregate of all the previous and subsequent taxes, and is the efficient cause of our present difficulties in taxation; and does the Doctor forget the other numerous taxes imposed by the same party, some of them to favor their speculations in the paper monies?
"Who have opposed the adoption of the federal government by the grossest falsehoods, by the abuse of the best characters in the United States, and by an attempt to excite a civil war." A review of the discussion of the new constitution will expose the fallacy of this charge; whilst sound reason and well supported arguments were made use of by the opposition, scurrility and abuse of every person who dared to object to the new constitution, were lavished by the federalists, add if there was any danger of a civil war, it arose from their violence and precipitation in forcing down the government without giving the people time or opportunity to examine or judge for themselves.
"Who aim at nothing but power or office—who have nothing to lose, and every thing to hope, from a general convulsion." This comes very consistently from a party which abounds in needy office hunters, whose staunch federalism and obsequious services are founded on, and stimulated by, the ravishing prospect of sharing in the great loaves and fishes of the United States, under the new constitution.
"Whose private characters are as profligate, as their public conduct has been oppressive, dishonest, and selfish, and who, instead of aim to share in the honors of the new government, should retire in silent gratitude, for having escaped those punishments to which their numerous frauds, oppressions, and other crimes, have justly exposed them." If I was disposed to recriminate, there is an ample field, I would begin with the cofferer, the head of the other party, and trace the character through the numerous speculations on the public, from his appointment to the c——l a——y of the United States, to his resignation as f——r; I would delineate the corrupt principles and conduct of the rest of the party down to the herd of the base parasites and minions, the doctor included, who would make a conspicuous figure in the black picture. On the other hand, I challenge the doctor or his associates to fully the integrity, the disinterested conduct of the leaders of the constitutional party, by any colourable charge of peculation or abuse of the public trusts, so often confided to them. Like the virtuous Fabricius, they retired from offices of the highest eminence and opportunities of embezzling the public treasure, with unpoluted hands and native integrity; so far from growing rich in the public service, they have impaired their own fortunes by their zeal and contributions for the public welfare, and instead of receiving applause for their patriotism, they are loaded with obloquy, are vilified and stigmatized with that poverty which is their greatest glory, and by the very men too who charge them with peculating on the public; How ungenerous and inconsistent! At the same time I must confess, that there have been villains on the constitutional party, for perfidious is not to be expected on this side eternity: but has been the good fortune of this party, that the instances have been rare and of an inferior kind; they did not ascend to the principal of the party to the great influential leading characters, who gave the complexion and tone of the measures of government.
The foregoing remarks upon the first part of the address apply equally to the remainder, and prove the fallacy and turpitude of the whole of it.
CENTINEL.
Philadelphia, November 12th, 1788.
From the INDEPENDENT GAZETTEER.
Printed at Philadelphia.
IT is high time for the whigs to open their eyes. The junto at the helm have thrown off the mask, and tories are openly brought forward to the highest places of trust and profit. Even the man who joined the British armies, who accompanied Cornwallis in his triumphant entrance into this city, and shouted by his side, is now made a Delegate to Congress. If these people are not speedily checked, we shall before long find Galloway and Arnold in the list of our principal magistrates, and tory principles and tory-chains fixed upon us. Methinks I see the indignant shades of WARREN and MONTGOMERY , rising and exclaiming at our base desertion of that glorious cause for which they bled and died, and complaining that we already trample upon the blood of our illustrious martyrs. For shame, if not from principle, let us not suffer those men to govern us, who so lately endeavoured to enslave us, who joined the arms of a cruel and implacable enemy in the attempt to murder and destroy every friend of his country.
CONSISTENCY.
EMPEROR OF MOROCCO.
Translation of the curses or excommunication of the Emperor of Morocco, against his two eldest sons, now in rebellion against him.—Translated from the original in his own hand-writing, in the register of the principal church at Morocco.
Sent from the Emperor to his Chief Priest, 25th June, 1788.
Glory be to God alone!
To our servants, Omar Bendoudy, and Bennor, peace to you, and praise to God. Of this our letter, you will call the people together to hear the contents.
Abderhaman our son, and his brother Terid, God has condemned to destruction, and will surround them with utter darkness—darkness before them, behind them darkness; darkness on their right hand, and darkness on their left. May God forsake them as their father has forsaken them.
And we inform you, that they have abandoned all religion and society with the people—Those who hate them love me; and those who love them hate me; and such have reason to fear my resentment. And such as furnish them with any thing, may God and all the Angels, and all the people curse. The pleasure or will of God, and that of parents, are the same, and those who regard their parents, must be dutiful and obedient to them.
And all those that read the writing, or hear it read, curse them as they have renounced my orders; and let God and all the people be witness that I renounce and curse them. If there be a curse in the air above, may God send it down upon them. If it be in the earth, may God bring it forth, and keep it upon them. And I order the Cadi Sid Ben Abdalla, to write this in the register, regarding the possessions of the church and colleges, that every one may see it!
And may God chastise them whether from the earth, and withdraw from them the love of God; and when my letter is read, let all the people say, Amen!
May God punish them from above, and from below—victory is only from God!—And let the letter be read from the pulpit in the church, and let the people say, Amen!—And inform you that such as give them anything, or make any presents, are cursed as they are!
Our prophet has said, that whoever forsakes the true belief, is cursed, and thrust out of God's graces!—And who hates his father, God abandons him!—And I have not turned from them until God forsook them!
Foreign Intelligence.
[Extracts from English papers, received by the ship Bristol, Capt. Adamson, arrived on Thursday last, in 42 days from Bristol.]
ST. OMERS, September 4.
GRAND encampment is forming here, under the command of the prince of Conde. A general review is to take place on the 12th. Another encampment was to have been formed near Arras, and another on the coast of Normandy; but the change in the ministry has given a very different turn in the affairs. Monsieur Necker has more beneficial plans in view. He is bent on applying the revenues to other objects than warlike preparations. He knows that peace alone can give prosperity to nations.
September 22.
The Imperial towns in Flanders are to be garrisoned by French troops. Thirteen regiments (13,000 men) of the troops encamped near St. Omers, have already received their final orders, and their respective regiments are given them; and it is assured that nine regiments (9000 men) are now upon their march from the encampment in Alsace under the same orders. It is likewise added, upon the best authority, that these troops are ordered to reach the places of their respective destinations by the 12th of October.
Dillon's regiment of Irish brigade are to garrison Ostend.
The camp here is breaking up, and some of their regiments began their march on Thursday.
The march of these forces into the Austrian Netherlands to garrison the towns on the departure of the Imperial troops, must convince every man of discernment, that though the Emperor's late losses have furnished plausible and reasonable reasons for the measure, yet the whole was a preconceived plan. The situation chosen for the encampment in Artois was of all others the most favourable to such a design; its proximity to the Netherlands could not but recommend it to the choice of the French ministry; and though it was artfully given out that the site of the encampment was left wholly to the Prince of Conde, yet I could produce some incontestable proofs that the heights of St. Omers were absolutely fixed upon for the camp previous to the council held by the Prince at the Abby of St. Bertin, when it was formally announced to the commissaries and officers in the several departments.
LONDON, Sept. 20—October 6.
By private letters from Peterburgh, we are informed that in the end of August a body of troops, consisting of 4000 Malschians, 1000 Janissaries, and about 5000 Moldavians and Georgians, had marched from Tergovis to Argis, on their way to Hermanstadt, which place they mean to attack whenever their artillery arrives.
Their chief engineer is a Frenchman, and is conducting the artillery from Silistria.
The Transylvanians are making every preparation they think necessary; several thousand troops have arrived at Hermanstadt from Wissemburgh, Bistritz and Clausenburg. They seem confident of obtaining victory, and eagerly wish for the approach of the enemy.
The Turkish army is commanded by the Aga of the Janissaries, who is intoxicated with the thoughts of conquering the whole province of Transylvania, and is continually railing at the French engineer, for not yet having joined him, without whose assistance he is said to proceed.
The Aga has placed such hopes of success and reputation on event of this enterprise, that the conflict will be bloody and desperate.
The following is an exact and just account of the proceedings of the present belligerent powers, as can be collected from their Gazettes and other information.
Russia—engaged in a war with the Turks with a view to extirpate them from Europe, and the Crimea entire to her dominions, and display, if possible, the Black Eagle on the turrets of Constantinople.
Germany—engaged in the same cause, but without the same original pretences for making war.
Sweden—taking advantage of the war in which Russia is involved, aspiring to recover the whole of Finland, but wanting the means, and deserted by her officers.
The Ottoman Power, supported secretly by every other power in Europe, except the declared enemies, Russia and Germany, contending with these two upon the Turkish territories, and provided with every advantage which a knowledge of the country, and resources of men and arms, unknown to any other nation, can give.
As to the progress of this war, the Turks have not lost an inch of ground, the Imperial armies have expended an immense treasure, have lost many thousands of their troops by disease, and have gained—a little reputation!
The Turks lately evinced a wonderful spirit of cruel vengeance. They shut up a number of Austrian prisoners in a house which was kept as a quarantine residence for passengers between Turkey and Austria; and pretending that those unfortunate people were infected with the plague the Turkish officers gave orders to set fire to the building, by which above fifty brave christians perished in the flames.
At the surrender of Dubitza, major Lotterman killed two Turks with his own sword: but a few minutes after, he was shot dead by one of the other Turks with a pistol.
The Turks, in their late engagement in the Banat, rushed on the enemy with an ardour and regularity unexampled in their former wars, and cut an entire division of the Austrian army into pieces. Not a man survived the carnage. This dreadful conflict happened on the 10th of last month and spread a general alarm which extended itself to Vienna.

POET'S CORNER.
S O N G.
My mother says, I am now sixteen, Must dress in the Beau Monde be seen: Reply to all the vows of men,
No, No, No. In sweetest bud, there canker lies, And in the rose, sharp thorns arise; All this she says to make me wise,
And say No. When Henry t'other morning came, Profess'd an honest tender flame, And ask'd me, if the day I'd name,
I said, No. I told him, mother I'd obey, And must reply of coarse, with say; He sigh'd, then shall I far away?
I said, No. My speaking tears betray'd my love, He said, shall Hymen doubt remove, To Church, you'll not deny to rove?
I sigh'd, No. My mother now, I have obey'd, Attended well to what she laid, And will to all, but him I wed,
Still say, No.
Anecdote of the late King of Prussia.
FREDERICK was so remarkably fond of children, that he suffered the sons of the Prince Royal, now on the throne, to enter his apartment whenever they thought proper. One day, while writing in his closet, the eldest of these Princes was playing at shuttlecock near him. The shuttlecock happening to fall upon the table at which the King sat, he threw it at the young Prince, and continued to write. The shuttlecock falling a second time, the King again threw it back, looking sternly at the child, who promised that no accident of the kind should happen in future; the shuttlecock however, fell a third time, and upon the paper on which the King was writing. Frederick then took the shuttlecock, and put it into his pocket. The little Prince humbly asked pardon, and begged the King to return him his shuttlecock. The King refused. The Prince redoubled his entreaties, but no attention was paid to them; the young Prince, at length, tired of begging, advanced boldly towards the King, put his two hands in his sides, and laid, in a threatening tone—"Will your Majesty give me my shuttlecock? say—yes or no." The King immediately burst into a fit of laughter, and taking the shuttlecock from his pocket, returned it to the Prince, saying, "you are a brave boy, you will never suffer Silesia to be taken from you."
THE Emperor Charles the Vth. in consequence of an expedition against Tunis, was reduced to the greatest difficulty for money. A family of merchants at Augsburgh, named Fuggers, immediately furnished him with as much as he wanted. For this loan the Emperor of Germany gave them his bond. One day taking an airing near the house, they begged he would do them the honor to accept of a cold collation. He accepted of their invitation. They ordered a large quantity of cinnamon to be laid for his fire, as common fuel, they alleged, was not adequate to the dignity of such a guest. He protested he had never sat by such a costly fire before. "This (said they) is nothing compared to that which it is to be lighted with." One of them instantly pulling the Emperor's bond out of his bosom, threw it into the fire, while the whole family with one voice chanted aloud. "Thus bright and fragrant is Charles's name."
Rising and Setting of the SUN and MOON.
   O. R. O. S. R & S.     Thursday, Nov. 27, 7 16 4 44 Dfcts.   Friday, 28, 7 17 4 43 5 34   Saturday, 29, 7 18 4 42 6 29   Sunday, 30, 7 18 4 42 7 27   Monday, Dec. 1, 7 19 4 41 9 25   Tuesday, 2, 7 19 4 41 9 25   Wednesday, 3, 7 20 4 40 10 25  
HIGH WATER.
   D. H. M.     Thursday, Nov. 27, 8 29.   Friday, 28, 9 13.   Saturday, 29, 10 10.   Sunday, 30, 10 58.   Monday, Dec. 1, 11 46.   Tuesday, 2, 12 34. After.   Wednesday, 3, 1 32.  
Affize of BREAD.
As established December 5, 1787. A Loaf of inspected Superfine Wheat Flower to weigh Two Pound Five Ounces for Six-pence. A Loaf of Rye Flour to weigh One Pound Twelve Ounces for Three-pence.
By his Excellency GEORGE CLINTON, Esq., Governor of the State of New-York, General and Commander in Chief of all the Militia, and Admiral of the Navy thereof.
A PROCLAMATION.
(L.S.) WHEREAS events have taken place since the rising of the legislature, which render it necessary that they should be convened at an earlier day than that fixed by law for their annual meeting—I DO THEREFORE, by these presents, require the Senate and Assembly to meet at the City-Hall, of the city of Albany, on MONDAY the EIGHTH Day of DECEMBER next:—Whereof all concerned are to take notice, and govern themselves accordingly.
Given under my hand, and the privy seal, at the city of New-York, this thirteenth day of October, in the thirteenth year of the Independence of the said State.
GEO. CLINTON.
Dr. SAMUEL STEARNS,
Formerly of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, for these fourteen Years past, has spent much of his time in preparing for Publication,
THE North American Dispensary.
 CONTAINING  I. THE Materia Medica.  II. The Operation of Medicines.  III. The Art and Science of Pharmacy.  IV. The Composition of Medicines.  V. An Index of Diseases and their Remedies.  VI. The Operations and Medicines used in Surgery. 
This is the first Dispensary that ever was written in America; and will contain not only an account of the virtues of the American productions, and those in other parts of the world, but the completest system of antidotes against all the various maladies, incident to the human race, that has ever been published; being calculated according to modern philosophy, and the experience and observation, of the most celebrated physicians and surgeons in all parts of the known world.
Those that may be minded to furnish themselves with this important work, may do it, by subscribing Three Dollars for each book; one half of the money to be paid at the time of subscribing, and the other at the reception of the books—Those that subscribe for six, will have one gratis.
This work will be printed in quarto upon good paper, with a good type, and be neatly bound and adorned with cuts of the chymical and surgical instruments—It will be put to press as soon as a sufficient number of subscriptions are received.
Subscriptions are taken in by the author, by the Printer hereof, by Benjamin Edes and Son, in Boston, I. Thomas, in Worcester, Messrs. Hallwell and Russell, in Bennington, and by many other gentlemen in various parts of the continent.
New-York, October 15, 1788. 97
Line of Eastern Stages.
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Having thus completed the line, the subscriber will commence on Monday next, the 21st instant, to run the Stages from NEW-YORK to BOSTON, THREE TIMES A WEEK, and continue it until Nov. 1, from which to May 1 twice a week.
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The FARE is three-pence lawful money, or four-pence New-York currency, per mile; fourteen pounds of baggage is allowed gratis; one hundred and fifty pounds of baggage pays the same as a passenger, and in that proportion.
The Public's humble servant, LEVI PEASE.
Just PUBLISHED, and to be Sold at this OFFICE, No. 25, Water-street,
The American Calculator, or Counting-House COMPANION,
CONTAINING, A TABLE, ascertaining the value of sundry coins in gold, as regulated by the Chamber of Commerce in this city, and shewing at one view, their value in the several currencies of New-York, North-Carolina, and Great-Britain. A Collection of Tables, shewing, at one view, the amount of any number (under 10,000) of Dollars, French and English Crowns, Half Joes, French and English Guineas, &c. as they pass through the United States. A Table of Guineas, as they pass in England and Ireland. Rules for the ready reducing the currencies of the United-States, from the currency of one state into the currency of any other of the United States; and for reducing the currencies of the United-States into sterling, and sterling into the currencies of the said states. Rules for reducing English Money into Irish, and Irish Money into English, according to the par of exchange between both kingdoms. Five different tables of the coins of the United-States of America, agreeable to a resolve of Congress of the 8th August, 1787, viz. a Table of Half Dollars, a Table of Dimes, a Table of Cents, and a table of Mills; calculated to render familiar the proper mode of counting said Money.
This Day is published, and to be Sold,
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No. 237, the Corner of King & Queen-street, The Miscellaneous Works
OF
PHILIP FRENEAU,
Containing his Essays and additional Poems.
THIS second volume of our American Author, is replete with the highest sentimental entertainment. Humour, wit, and satire, flow in copious strains.—It requires only to be read to be admired.
Such gentlemen, in this city and state, as honored this vol. with their subscriptions, will be pleased to send for it as soon as convenient.
THE MESSIAH,
Attempted from the GERMAN of Mr. KLOPSTOCK.
To those who are acquainted with the merits of this work, little need be said to recommend it:—It is calculated to inspire every pious, every virtuous sentiment:—to fill the mind with an awful reverence and love of the Great and incomprehensible GOD and FATHER of all; with the sublimest and most fervent gratitude to our gracious REDEEMER, and a perfect detestation and abhorrence of all vice. In a word, it claims the patronage of ALL who do not blush at owning themselves Christians, and at paying a humble obedience to the King of Kings.
This piece of religious and moral painting has obtained Mr. Klopstock the honor of being esteemed the Milton of Germany, and is considered as having completed what that favorite son of the British muse had left unfinished.—The beauties of the Messiah equal Paradise Lost:—Paradise Regained, though far from being destitute of merit, is universally allowed to fall much below this work, and is acknowledged to be deficient in that unbounded invention, that beautiful machinery, and variety of characters, which distinguish the rigorous efforts of Mr. Klopstock's genius.
The Messiah is formed upon an extensive and important plan, and includes the sufferings, death, and resurrection of Christ.
S E R M O N S.
By the celebrated RICHARD PRICE, D. D. L. L. D. F. R. S.
The Triumphs of Temper;
A Poem in six Cantos.
By WILLIAM HALEY, Esquire.
Dr. Gregory's Legacy to his Daughter.
Dr. Doddridge's Rise and Progress of Religion.
Abenindan's Rhetorical Grammar.
The Charms of Melody.—A new Song Book.
Tarver's Travels through the interior Parts of America.
Oconomy of Human Life.
Webster's American selection of Lessons, in reading and speaking.
Webster's Institute, first and second Part.
Pike's excellent system of Arithmatic.
A few ets of Newton on the Prophesies.
Edwards on the Affections.
Do. History of Redemption, &c. &c.
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REMAINING on HAND, A FEW MAPS,
Of the interior parts of North-America, including the lands intended for the NEW STATES, some of which are selling, and others already disposed of by order of Congress.
ORDERS are just received, by the printer hereof, to sell these Maps at a much cheaper rate than they have yet been sold. The plates were cut and the impressions taken in London, and there sold (without the pamphlet) at One Guinea each.
To accompany this map, and explanatory of it with references to it, will be sold, included in the price of the map, a pamphlet, containing 67 large octavo pages, with plates and figures, entitled, a Topographical Description of Virginia, Pennsylvania, Maryland, and North-Carolina, comprehending the rivers Ohio, Kenhawa, Sioto, Cheroke, Wabash, Illinois, Mississippi, &c. The climate, soil, and produce, whether animal, vegetable, or mineral; the mountains, creeks, roads, distances, latitudes, &c. and of every part, laid down in the Map.
By THOMAS HUTCHINS, Esq. Late Captain and Engineer in the British army, and now Geographer General to the United States of America. With a plan of the rapids of the Ohio, a plan of the several villages in the Illinois country, a table of the distances between Fort Pit and the mouth of the Ohio, all engraved upon copper.—And an Appendix, containing Mr. Patrick Kenedy's Journal up the Illinois river, and a correct list of the different nations and tribes of Indians, with the number of fighting men, &c.
Description of the ILLINOIS COUNTRY.
THE Illinois country is in general of a superior soil to any other part of North America that I have seen. It produces fine oak, hickory, cedar, mulberry trees, &c. some dying roots and medicinal plants;—hops, and excellent wild grapes, and in the year 1769, one hundred and ten hogheads of strong wine, were made by the French settlers, from these grapes. A large quantity of sugar is also annually made from the juice of the maple tree; and as the mulberry trees are large and numerous, I presume the making of silk will employ the attention and industry of the settlers, when the country is more fully inhabited than it is at present, and especially as the winters are much more moderate and favourable for the breed of silk worms, than they are in many of the sea coast provinces. Indigo may likewise be successfully cultivated—(but not more than two cuttings in a year) wheat, peas, and Indian corn thrive well, as does every sort of grain and pulse, that is produced in any of the old colonies. Great quantities of tobacco are also yearly raised by the inhabitants of the Illinois, both for their own consumption and that of the Indians; but little has hitherto been exported to Europe. Hemp grows spontaneously, and is of a good texture; its common height is 10 feet, and its thickness three inches (the latter reckoned within about a foot of the root) and with little labour, any quantity may be cultivated. Flax seed has hitherto been only raised in small quantities. There has however been enough produced to shew, that it may be sown to the greatest advantage. Apples, pears, peaches, and all other European fruits succeed admirably. Iron, copper, and lead mines, as also salt springs, have been discovered in different parts of this territory. The two latter are worked on the Spanish side of the Mississippi, with considerable advantage to the owners. There is plenty of fish in the rivers, particularly Cat, Carp, and Perch, of an uncommon size.—Savannahs, or natural meadows, are both numerous and extensive; yielding excellent grass, and feeding great herds of buffalo, deer, &c. ducks, teal, geese, swans, cranes, pelicans, turkies, pheasants, partridges, &c. such as are seen in the sea coast Colonies, are in the greatest variety and abundance.—In short, every thing, that a reasonable mind can desire, is to be had, or may, with little pains, be produced here.
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