Gazette of the United-States. (New-York [N.Y.]), 1793-03-13 00:00:00

Gazette of the United States.
A NATIONAL PAPER, PUBLISHED WEDNESDAYS AND SATURDAYS BY JOHN FENNO, No. 34, NORTH FIFTH STREET, PHILADELPHIA.
[No. 82 of Vol. IV.]
WEDNESDAY, MARCH 13, 1793.
[Whole No. 404.]
CONGRESS.
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES.
FRIDAY, March 1.
In committee of the whole, Mr. Muhlenberg in the chair, on the 3d, 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th, and 8th resolutions, respecting the official conduct of the Secretary of the Treasury, for which see Gazette of Wednesday last.
MR. BARNWELL.
BEFORE I proceed to discuss the observations which yesterday fell from the gentleman who introduced the resolutions now before us, I cannot refrain from saying, that I am extremely happy, that in passing through the medium of that gentleman's examination, this subject has changed its hue from the foul of peculation to the milder colouring of an illegal exercise of discretion and a want of politeness in the Secretary of the Treasury. I feel happy because I always am so when any man charged with guilt can acquit himself; and the more so now, when a man in a high responsible office, and high in the estimation of his countrymen, can reduce a charge from a quality calculated to have excited an alarm even in Pandemonium to such a shape as I fancy will scarce serve to satisfy the uncommon curiosity which it appears to have excited. As I have never been in the habit of taking notes, I shall depend upon memory in answering the gentleman from Virginia; although I imagine as that gentleman usually sticks very close in his point, whatever it may be, that in pursuing his charges I shall substantially answer his arguments. In commenting upon the two first resolutions to which I am by order confined, I shall consider in the first instance, what regards the right of drawing money into this country—the gentleman appears not to have considered the law properly, for there cannot be a doubt that the President had a right to make what arrangements he pleased in order to attain what he might consider a proper modification of the debt due by the United States abroad; he might have borrowed the money here or have paid here; he might have borrowed the money in England, or wherever he thought fit. I will ask the gentleman by what precise authority he borrowed the money in Amsterdam and Antwerp, and paid it in Paris; certainly by none, but that discretion which has been depended upon to modify the debt in the manner most productive to the interest of the United States. I take it then for granted, Mr. Chairman, that the right of the President to draw the money borrowed here, or to send it any where must be conceded; The question will then arise, whether the Secretary of the treasury had a right to do this or no, and whether this has not been done without, nay, against the instructions of the President. I really consider this as one of the most extraordinary cases that I have ever known exhibited. Let us consider its form, a highly important trust of no lesser import than the discretionary use of 14,000,000 of dollars is placed in the President of the United States. He by a general commission and by special instructions, deputed his power to the Secretary of the treasury, stating that he is to conform to these and whatever instructions he might from time to time give him. Let any man seriously examine these powers, and I am of opinion that the Secretary under these had a right to draw if he thought proper, unless instructed to the contrary: For the President conveys a complete power to modify the debt, provided that it shall be with all convenient dispatch applied to pay the principal and interest due to France; for where the payments are to be made are certainly left to the Secretary. If this has not been exercised advantageously this is another circumstance which the gentleman himself has not questioned. But says the gentleman, the Secretary under these instructions had no special authority to draw, notwithstanding which he began to draw in 1790, and has continued to draw at
different times into this country the enormous sum of 3,000,000 of dollars, and therefore he must have done this without, nay, against the instructions of the President, who it is presumed having delegated this great trust has never for three years enquired into the performance of it.
Can this be the inference of common sense—can this be the inference of the experience which we have had of the President, one of the prominent features of whose character always has been an industry to investigate particulars, as remarkable as his sagacity to frame generals. If then instructions have not been given or have been exceeded, was it necessary for us to come in aid of the President, he who by our law has the power which we ourselves cannot exercise of removing any of the executive officers at pleasure; it certainly cannot be necessary, for as this officer continues to act, we must conclude, that he has either acted by instructions, or in such manner as to have given satisfaction to his principal without them. Really, Mr. Chairman, I cannot but believe that if suspicion had not led the gentleman from Virginia astray, the usual correctness of his understanding would have prevented him from pursuing such an ignis fatuus as this.
Thus Sir I think I have shown that the President of the United States certainly had the authority to draw the sums borrowed here, and that both under his commission and his instructions given, and inevitably implied, the Secretary had also this power, to do this. I shall therefore now proceed to a more special consideration of the first charge, that the Secretary has violated the law in applying a portion of the principal borrowed to the payment of the interest falling due upon that principal, which was not authorised by law.
Before I proceed, Mr. Chairman, I would wish to remark, that whilst I consider no principle in legislation more correct, than that no money shall be drawn from the Treasury but under appropriations by law; yet I consider both as impracticable and mischievous the doctrine, that the money arising from a special tax shall in no instance be used for any other than that special purpose for which the sums raised ought rather to be considered as an aggregate fund applicable to aggregate purposes, and indeed if a rigid adherence to the precise letter of the law is necessary there has been no occasion to go abroad to search for violations; for our government at home has been able to act only by this violation. It is well known that the duties of impost and tonnage are appropriated first to produce the sum of 600,000 dollars for the civil list, then to pay the interest of the foreign debt and so on; so that by a rigid observance of this law the secretary must have first collected the 600,000 into the public coffers and then a sum sufficient to pay the interest of the foreign debt, a process which only requires stating to shew its absurdity and which must nevertheless have been connected with a minute construction of the law. Indeed, Mr. Chairman, if the acts of common life bear any analogy with public management, which I believe, what could be considered as being more extraordinary than that an individual should appropriate the proceeds of one farm to purchase bread, of another drink, and to declare in the face of contingencies, that happen what may, he would starve should the breed crop fail, rather than use the surplus of that appropriated to purchase drink, for its purchase. But to return, what is this charge, a sum of money was due abroad for the interest of 1791 and 1792, to be paid out of the domestic revenues of 1791 and 1792; the United States had an offer to make a payment in part of what was due France, for which money had been borrowed and was already on hand abroad, in a supply of provisions from here to the Island of St. Domingo, the secretary therefore, and doubt-
less with the consent of the President, instead of transmitting either bills or money from this country to France, in order to pay the interest due there, and bringing the money borrowed to pay the French debt into this country, in order to furnish supplies for St. Domingo, has committed the great crime of directing the money borrowed and already upon the spot to be applied to the payment of the interest due, and has taken the sums applicable to the payments of that interest which was already here and made use of it to pay the debt due to France in the produce of the United States. So that although apparently a portion of the principal borrowed has been applied to pay an interest due, yet in reality its capacity to be thus used arose from its constituting in this country an equivalent sum applicable, and which has been applied to pay off the principal of the French debt, the object for which the money was borrowed. Let candour investigate this transaction and fare I am its deductions will be directly the contrary of a charge of crimination, I shall conclude with observing, that I should have proceeded to examine the other resolutions which I consider as weak as those I have made short comments upon, were I not restrained by the rules of the house. But this I will venture to say, that they will be proved unfounded in their investigation, and will merit the witty observation of a celebrated writer, that though they rose like a rocket, they will fall like the stick.
Mr. Findley next rose and expressed himself nearly as follows:
Mr. Chairman, being strongly impressed with the importance of our time which is now so near an end, though I had the honour of seconding the resolutions, I took no part in the debates of yesterday; nor will I now detain you with replies to many of the arguments which have been offered against the resolution now under discussion.
Upon one argument, frequently introduced by the gentleman last up, viz. the greatness of the Secretary's character, &c. I will only make a single remark; there is no character officially known in the executive departments of this government who merits pre-eminence, or to whom a degree of greatness can be ascribed, but in proportion to his prompt execution of the laws and the attention with which he discharges the duties of his office. From this rule the President himself is not exempted, much less a subordinate Secretary, whose appointment is during pleasure, and the duties assigned him of a changeable and temporary nature.
But to come to the resolution before us; the first enquiries that offer themselves are, whether the money in question was appropriated to special and distinct purposes? Did the Secretary of the treasury apply the money to other uses than the law directed?
In answer to the first it is only necessary to advert to the law authorising the loans. The law authorising the twelve million loan, appropriates whatever amount may be borrowed solely to the payment of debts then due to France and Holland.
The law authorising the two million loan directs the application thereof to the redemption of the domestic debt, in aid of about dollars arising from the revenue previous to the first of January.
These appropriations were precise, distinct and unconditional, with respect to the uses no room was left for the exercise of discretion; the will of the legislature was express and clearly designed, it left no room for evasion nor any excuse for mistake; nor did the President transfer to the Secretary any other authority or instruction than what the law expressed.
But the gentleman from South-Carolina says, that presumption is, that the President did give other instructions than he has communicated; that in this case presumption should be admitted as conclusive testimony; and that the Secre-
tary nor the President are not obliged to communicate the instruction or authorities to us.
The gentleman is a lawyer, I will appeal to himself, I will appeal to all the professional members on the floor, whether presumption can be admitted as proof where in the nature of the case positive testimony can be procured.
Surely in courts of justice positive testimony is always required, and presumptive is rarely admitted; but in this case the presumptive is by the gentleman set in opposition to the positive. However this is not the case in fact. The President did give commission and instructions, and these are fully communicated to us. If he conceived we had no right to demand them, he would have told us so; if he had kept any part of them back, he would have informed us, and assigned his reasons or doing so. I presume that the President has acted the part of a candid honest man; the gentleman presumes the reverse. The suggestion that this house, which has the exclusive right of originating the appropriation of money, has no right to be informed of the application of it, is so novel and extraordinary, so inconsistent with propriety and good government, that it requires no reply.
Did the Secretary apply the money borrowed in Europe agreeably to the legal appropriations of the President? No he did not, though some of the gentlemen do not acknowledge this; yet the Secretary has clearly acknowledged it himself, and has filled his reports with laboured and ingenious apologies for so doing; he has suggested a variety of motives, and taken, infinite liberty to charm us with the mighty public advantages resulting from his doing so. He acknowledges having drawn to this country and applied in Europe to uses for which other monies were appropriated, 3 millions of dollars; out of this he has paid upwards of 400,000 dollars, of the French debt to St. Domingo. I did not complain of paying the interest due in Europe out of the money obtained there: The gentlemen apply the force of their arguments with great attention to support or apologize for this part of the Secretary's conduct, as if against this only the charge in the resolution lay. But we do not object to applying that money in Holland, which ought to have been brought here, if the money which according to the appropriation should have gone to Holland had been put to the use here for which the other was intended, a simple exchange of money for the purpose of convenience & economy is properly one of these cases to which ministerial discretion may solely be extended; but the question is, whether the money has been replaced. The amount of money has not been applied to the uses intended, consequently the appropriation has been disregarded. It is acknowledged that though there were upwards of 1,300,000 dollars of the domestic sinking fund, and upwards of 2,300,000 dollars drawn from Europe, besides the monies applied to the relief of St. Domingo, and yet when these enquiries began, there was not 1,000,000 dollars applied to the redemption of the public debt, and even yet the whole of the domestic appropriation has not been applied to the sinking fund, notwithstanding that the public debt now is and has for sometime been under par. We have it on record, that the Secretary never informed the commissioners of draughts he made on Europe, although the fund was exclusively to be at their disposal.
However I will not detain the committee with minute statements, they are not necessary; the Secretary has acknowledged that he drew more money from Europe than the law authorised him to do; that he was influenced to do so by motives not contemplated in the law, and had either applied it or drawn it from Europe with the design of applying it to uses not authorised, and that he has broken in upon the fund appropriated to the discharge

of the French debt. Indeed the delay of information, the receiving it piecemeal, the abundance of reasonings and apologies, when only simple and plain statements were required, renders a scrutiny of all his calculations a work of time and labor; therefore, I have contented myself with the facts that the Secretary acknowledges and vindicates on the questionable ground of policy. It remains to be enquired, had the Secretary a right to depart from the directions of the law in the execution of it: could he, without a violation of the law, divert the money from its appropriate use to purposes foreign to the intention of the legislature? He certainly could not. The application of appropriation is the most sacred and important trust the legislature can confer; if they may be made to bend to the will or projecting policy of a financier, there is an end of all security and confidence. When a legislature makes an appropriation of a general fund to a variety of uses, as has been done with respect to the impost, tonnage, excise, &c. there is necessarily a considerable degree of discretion left with the executive, as far as respects preference to one or other of the appropriate uses; but where the money is appropriated solely to a special purpose, as in the case of the loans, he who executes the laws has no degree of power over the appropriation. There is ample room indeed for discretion in many material circumstances respecting them; such as the terms of contract, the times of drawing, the agents employed, &c. But to assume or use a power of changing the appropriation, is assuming a power to repeal the law itself in its most essential authority; it is assuming that power of dispensing with the laws which produced the late revolution with Britain.
If the will of the minister may controul and give another direction to the will of the legislature, the sovereign legislative authority is transferred from the representatives of the people to the temporary minister.
If we admit that the ministerial agent is not responsible for his conduct, nor subject to censure, because he is appointed, and in this instance authorised by the President, we will introduce the long exploded doctrine of Charles I. of Britain, which brought ruin on the king and government. However, there is an essential difference, for in the case before us the authority and instructions given by the President were agreeable to the law, but the conduct of the minister was contrary to both.
If, as I have said, the application of money to its appropriated uses is the most sacred and important trust which the legislature can confer, if the person directed to apply the money applies it to what use he pleases; he may by that means command all the influence and all the force of the government. I conclude, that betraying that important trust partakes of the nature of treason.
The question before us is not whether the Secretary has applied to a good or a bad use; whether he, by departing from the legal appropriation supported public credit better, or made a more convenient accommodation to what he or his friends suppose to be the national interest; the constitution nor the laws have not constituted him the judge of the national interest, nor submitted it to his wisdom to prescribe the degree of public credit which the nation ought to possess. The public credit, and other national interests, ought to be no other than the legislature wills it to be; and ought only to be supported by the means and in the manner thereby prescribed. This is the voice of the constitution, the voice of the law, and the voice of reason. The President and both branches of the Legislature being the real as well as the legal representatives of the people it is reasonable that they should be the sole judges of their interest. When this House repeatedly called for information from the Secretary, they did not call for political essays, nor laboured apologies, they did not constitute him the judge or the instructor of the legislature; they cared nothing about his variety of motives, nor extensive and self-important plans,—these he might have reserved to embellish a system of finance, when he would be again called upon to report to the House; they only required an account of his stewardship. It was time enough to make apologies when he was blamed. Prefacing his statements with apologies, and being irritated at enquiries, and artfully evading so many calls for information, discovered a consciousness of blame.
However, I will admit that an executive officer, pressed by some urgent and unexpected necessity, may be induced to depart from the authorized path of duty, and have great merit in so doing. This may be the case with a general of an army or an admiral of a fleet; and, though more rarely, even with a financier. But in such emergency, the officer so acting will embrace the earliest opportunity to explain the matter and obtain a justification whilst the recent feelings, arising from the occasion, advocates his cause in the public mind.
Has the Secretary done so in the present instance? No, his conduct has been the very reverse. Notwithstanding repeated and explicit calls, both the last session and the present, the extent of these transactions was concealed. A bill passed this House authorising another loan of 800,000 dollars. A second bill was urged in an unprecedented manner, for a loan of 2,000,000 dollars, and though this was a favorite bill with the minister, the very enquiry after this information induced his friends to shrink from the business and desert the object about which they had discovered so much solicitude.
But when the disclosure is made, does there appear any urgent necessity to justify the measure? No, there was none except what existed in the unauthorised plans of the financier. He informs us, that he thought it necessary to have always 5 or 600,000 dollars at his command. I ask what law authorised him to think so; did the legislature think this necessary? No. Did he ever state the necessity to the legislature? No, he did not, and we know he has never been backward in recommending revenue systems or in contriving uses for revenue. Supposing a sudden necessity for money, arising from a disappointment of some remittance,—where was the boasted aid of the bank, which was to have administered aid in all sudden emergencies? Could not bills have been sold for cash when the necessity pressed, or could not a temporary loan have been procured from any of the banks? Certainly they could; loans were obtained at the bank when no necessity required such aid, and when the public money to a much greater amount was deposited with the bank. In short, no necessity of state purposes, authorised by the legislature, existed. If there was a necessity at all, it must have arisen from another quarter, most probably from the bank itself and its branches.
A key to this suggestion may be discovered from a comparison of the times of drawing and the situation of the bank at such times.
[Here Mr. Findley was called to order, upon the ground of his arguments not being confined to the resolution before the committee. He alledged his arguments applied strictly to the charges of violating the law contained in the resolution; but as a further opportunity of applying the arguments arising from necessity and discretion would be given, when a subsequent resolution was brought before the committee, he would pass it now with a very few remarks.]
He said the exercise of the power assumed by the Secretary was inconsistent with that public confidence upon which alone the government was founded; that it was inconsistent with public safety and a government of laws; that the Secretary seemed to take the whole government upon his shoulders, and to consider all the great interests thereof to be committed to his providence. His reports spoke the language of a Frederick of Prussia, or some other despotic tyrant, who had all the power vested in himself; not the language of a dependent Secretary, under a free and well-ordered government.
Mr. Lawrance contended that the interest of the monies borrowed was not paid out of the principal of the loan, as set forth in the charge of the resolution before the committee. If gentlemen would attend to the history of the transaction, they would find this strictly true. This interest was paid out of the monies borrowed for the reduction of the public debt, and not out of those intended to pay the French, and the funds appropriated for the payment of that interest were here, to replace the former and be applied as those were appropriated. He referred to the President's speeches at the commencement of the two last sessions, to show that the loan was obtained under the joint authority of both acts; and adverted to the act of Congress, in consequence of a doubt suggested by the Secretary, explaining that the monies first obtained might be considered as borrowed under the act authorising the 2,000,000 loan. Having shown the first charge in the resolution to be unfounded, he turned to the second.
The Secretary is accused of drawing mo-
ney to this country without instructions. In this transaction, he said, the President must be considered as principal and the Secretary the agent, or the Secretary must be looked upon as the principal. If the President is the principal, and he be authorized to obtain the loans, as soon as the money is obtained, it naturally falls under the direction of the financier; but if it be contended that the President was to have applied the monies as well as to borrow them, then we have nothing to do with the agent; that agent is accountable to his principal, and as this principal is not called to an account by the legislature for any improper exercise of discretion, he must be considered as having acted strictly within the law. If the Secretary is considered as the principal (and by a strict attention to the law, he believed, it would be found so, for the President is by it authorised to borrow, and it is not expressed who shall apply the money) then it was not one of the duties of the Secretary to procure the instructions of the President, being the principal, and consequently having the direction of the money borrowed, he is made the judge of the time of drawing, but to fulfil the intentions of the law. Was the money, he asked, to have remained in the hands of the banker in Europe? Since it was borrowed for the purchase of the public debt, the sooner it was drawn over the better, and the Secretary, having the direction of those monies, could do it without consulting the President.
He proceeded to show, however, that the Secretary had by no means acted entirely without regard to the President's instructions. His letter to Mr. Short, which had been read, expressly says, that he is waiting for instructions from the President, and the only instructions brought forward clearly showed that he did not act without them. On this occasion it was not necessary, he conceived, that all the private communications between those two officers should be brought forward; indeed, many of the instructions might have been verbal, and of a private nature. Another proof lies before the committee to show that the Secretary did not act independent of instructions. A report of the Secretary mentions—that some matters relative to the loans were under the consideration of the President of the United States. This document, he remarked, the gentlemen were in possession of when they framed the resolutions; and it, in his opinion, left very little ground indeed to suppose that the Secretary had acted without instructions.
That officer, he contended, had strictly obeyed the appropriation law; he had not drawn one dollar that the act did not warrant. On the authority of one act, the Secretary drew two millions (by the bye he wished to remark, that the Secretary is not the officer who actually draws, who sells the bills, or who receives the money; this falls within the province of the treasurer, the Secretary does not touch a penny of those monies) to apply to the reduction of the public debt. The other act, he said, gave the President power to draw every dollar of the loan it established, if he thought fit, if those who were to receive the money wished to be paid here. Will the remittance which afforded so reasonable a relief to St. Domingo, be found fault with? If this mode of paying was within the authority vested in the President, surely the power of drawing must have accompanied it. He concluded by observing, that he had stated his ideas on the subject in a hasty manner, under the impression of want of time to go more fully into the discussion.
[To be continued.]
UNITED STATES.
IN SENATE, JANUARY 29, 1793.
The Committee to whom was referred the Motions before the Senate, relative to the MEASURES & WEIGHTS of the United States,—report,
1st. THAT the standard for the measures and weights of the United States be an uniform cylindrical rod of iron, of such length as in the latitude of forty-five degrees in the level of the ocean, and in an apartment of uniform temperature, shall perform its vibrations in one second of mean time; that the diameter of such rod shall not be more than the hundred and twentieth part of its length, nor the arc of its vibrations more than four degrees, and that the said standard rod shall be divided into four hundred and eighty-nine equal parts.
2d. That the unit of measures of length shall be a foot, which shall be equal in length to one hundred parts of the aforesaid standard rod.
That sixty-six feet shall be a chain, and eighty chains a mile.
3d. That measures of surface be made by squares of the measures of length; but in the case of land the unit shall be an acre, which shall contain forty-three thousand five hundred and sixty square feet.
4th. That the unit of the measures of capacity shall be a bushel, which shall contain one cubic foot and a quarter of a cubic foot.
5th. That the unit of weights shall be a pound, which shall be equal in weight to sixteen thousand cubic cents of a foot of rain water, measured and weighed in an apartment of uniform temperature.
6th. That the units of the measures & weights of the United States shall be divided into cents or hundredth parts, and where necessary into mills or thousandth parts; and in the case of weights the mill shall be divided into seven grains.
EXPLANATION of the REPORT of the Committee of the Senate, to whom the Subject of WEIGHTS and MEASURES was referred.
THE report of the committee is founded on the principle that a rod which vibrates seconds in the latitude of forty-five degrees, is fifty-eight
inches and sixty-eight hundredths of an inch in length; by dividing a rod of that length into four hundred and eighty-nine equal parts, one hundred of those parts will be equal to twelve of the above mentioned inches, or the foot now in use. In this way a rod may be made a standard, and if the measures in use be lost or become uncertain, it may be always restored to in any part of the United States, by making due allowances according to the difference of latitude.
The committee propose to make certain measures and weights now in use, the units of the measures and weights of the United States, that the adoption of the system may be the more easy to the community, as no difference will take place in the contents of the units. It is also proposed that the units should be divided into cents or hundredth parts; this division would make the arithmetic necessary for the common purposes of life easy to every capacity, as the four simple rules would be sufficient, without the compound methods; and as the divisions of the units of the measures and weights would be the same with those of the unit of the money of account, the same species of arithmetical calculation would take place, and the computation of either would soon be easy and familiar. By the division of the units into cents, the denominations of the measures and weights would be less in number, and those familiar to our ideas, and the memory would be no longer encumbered with the perplexing multiples and divisions of the present measures and weights.
In the measures of length, it is proposed that the foot, chain and mile should remain the same as those now in use. The division of the foot into cents, will be convenient for workmen, as Gunter's carpenter's rule, which is generally used, is divided into cents, as well as into inches; so that the relative proportion between them may be easily ascertained. The chain is the instrument generally used in measuring distances, and is found from experience to be the most convenient length for actual mensuration; it is four of the present rods or poles, twenty-two yards, or sixty-six feet; and ten chains make one of the present furlongs.
In the measure of land, the acre is proposed to be the same as the present acre, and in measuring of land the chain is also used; it is already divided into hundredth parts, called links; chains and links multiplied by chains and links, give acres and decimals of an acre, which has occasioned the division of an acre into cents, to prevail already in some of the states, in preference to rods and perches.
In measures of capacity, the bushel is proposed to be a cubic foot and a quarter, or two thousand one hundred and sixty cubic inches, which is about a mean of the several bushels now in use; some of the states having bushels containing near fifteen cubic inches more, and others near as much less,—it is the quantity proposed by the Secretary of State in his report on measures and weights; his idea is also adopted of abolishing the distinction between wet and dry measures, of disregarding the Ale and Wine gallons, and of having only one measure of capacity. By dividing the bushel into cents, an easy reference may be made from the cents to the different measures of capacity now in use: Fifty cents will be equal to the half bushel, and twenty-five cents to the peck.
In weights, the pound is proposed to be the same as the Avoirdupois pound, and the grain the same as the Troy grain; by dividing the pound into cents, the cents into tenths or mills, and the mill into seven grains, a series is formed which connects with exactness the pound Avoirdupois with the grain Troy. In weighing large quantities the Avoirdupois series is used; in weighing valuable articles, as gold, silver or diamonds, or small quantities as medicines, the Troy series is used; the two series may therefore be connected so as to make but one species of weights necessary, without any inconvenience: The weights for gold and silver, the steel yards, and the common iron weights, may continue to be used, and be adapted to the new series.
[The above subject is referred to the next session.]
LONDON, January 4.
The following is an exact Translation from a Speech, made in the National Convention at Paris (on the 14th of December, in a debate on the subject of establishing Public Schools for the Education of Youth) by Citizen Dupont, a member of considerable weight.—And as the Doctrines contained in it were received with unanimous applause, except from two or three of the clergy, it may fairly be considered as an exposition of the creed of that enlightened Assembly.—Translated from Le Moniteur, of Sunday, the 16th of December, 1792.
WHAT! Thrones are overturned! Sceptres broken! Kings expire! and yet the Altars of God remain! (here there is a murmur from some members; and the Abbe Echbon demands, that the person speaking may be called to order.) Tyrants, in outrage to nature, continue to burn an impious incense on those altars! (Some murmurs arise, but they are lost in the applauses from the majority of the Assembly.) The thrones that have been reversed, have left these altars naked, unsupported, and tottering. A single breath of enlightened reason will now be sufficient to make them disappear. And if humanity is under obligations to the French nation for the first of those benefits, the fall of Kings, can it be doubted, but that the French People now Sovereign, will be wise enough, in like manner, to overthrow those altars and those idols, to which those Kings have hitherto made them subject? Nature and Reason, these ought to be the Gods of men! These are my Gods! (Here the Abbe Audrein cried out, "There's no bearing this;" and rushed out of the Assembly. A great laugh!) Admire Nature—cultivate Reason.—And you, Legislators, if you desire that the French people should be happy—make haste to propagate these principles, and to teach them in your primary schools, instead of those fanatical principles which have hitherto been taught. The tyranny of kings was confined to make their people miserable in this life; but those other tyrants, the Priests, extend their dominions into another; of which they have no other idea than of eternal punishments; a

doctrines which some men have hitherto had, the good nature to believe. But the moment of the catastrophe is come—all these prejudices must fall at the same time. We must destroy them, or they will destroy us. —For myself! I honestly avow to the Convention—I am an Atheist! (Here there is some noise and tumult—but a great number of members cried out 'what is that to us? you are an honest man.') But I defy a single individual, amongst the twenty-four millions of Frenchmen, to make against me any well grounded reproach. I doubt whether the Christians, or the Catholics, of which the last speaker, and those of his opinion, have been talking to us, can make the same challenge. (Great applause.) There is another consideration—Paris has great losses. It has been deprived of the commerce of luxury; of that factitious splendor which was found at Courts, and invited strangers hither. Well! We must repair these losses. Let me then represent to you the times, that are fast approaching, when our Philosophers, whose names are celebrated throughout Europe, Pétion, Syeyes, Condorcet, and others—surrounded in our Pantheon, as the Greek Philosophers were at Athens, with a crowd of disciples coming from all parts of Europe, walking like the Peripatetics, and reaching this Man, the system of the Universe, and developing the progress of all human knowledge; that perfectioning in the Social system, and shewing in our degree of the 17th of June, 1789, the seed of the insurrection of the 14th of July, and the 10th of August, and of all those insurrections which are spreading with such rapidity throughout Europe—so that these young strangers, on their return to their respective countries, may spread the same lights and may operate, for the happiness of mankind, similar revolutions throughout the whole. (Numberless applause arose, almost throughout the whole assembly—and in the galleries.)
* Printed "Deſt" in the American Daily Advertiser of Friday last, but corrected in the paper of Monday following.
For the GAZETTE of the UNITED STATES. MR. FENNO, THE enclosed little impromptu on reading the several motions made against Mr. Hamilton, will express the sentiments of many of your readers, and by that redeem from censure, the rudicity of the verse. I am no politician, but I feel that I am a patriot, and glory in that sensation; and I am very sorry to find that there are those among us, that cannot be satisfied with the most perfect form of government upon earth, and the most suited to the genius of the people—Why should we not be grateful to the wise Arbiter of nations, and enjoy the blessings he bestows; can an innovation be either honorable or profitable? I think not—for we are the most blest of any nation on the globe. As the accusations brought against Mr. Hamilton do not appear to be founded in facts, my plain judgment leads me to draw this conclusion—that they must arise from a spirit too prevalent in human nature, to perplex and embarrass the effect of those talents we cannot emulate—or that some of desperate fortunes, whose to make confusion, that in the battle they may seat themselves in the chair; and I have the pleasure to find all my neighbours are of the same sentiments. Yours, &c. New-Jersey, March 12, 1793.
HAVE you not seen in saffron dress, the Sun Burſt thro' the crystal portals of the day; While fogs, and blights, fast from his presence run— And millions breathe but in his genial ray: When soon an angry cloud o'erſpreads the sky, And darkness tinges ev'ry blooming ſcene— The promis'd blessings of the morning fly, And thunder hoarſe murmurs o'er the plain. But Phœbus quite unmov'd ſerenely glides Behind the vapour of night's eb'n throne, Hurls it in air, and ſhews that he preſides, With ſplendor equal to protect his own. So have I ſeen in our new hemiſphere, A ſtar reſplendent riſe—whose potent ray Pierc'd thro' the drear opaque that hover'd near, And gave exiſtence to our infant day. So have I ſeen a man of honor ſhine, And with nice rectitude begin his race; Stringing each nerve with energy divine, To ſave his country from the foul diſgrace Of blaſted credit, and the ſhades of wealth— Of broken faith, and infamy ſupreme; Reſtoring ſtrength, and confidence, and health, To bankrupt funds, that were an empty name. When vile intrigue, with all her little art, And her dire neſt of hornets, ſoon prepar'd To vex the honeſt veteran to the heart— And by ſurprize to throw him off his guard. But fair Integrity repulſ'd the foe, And ſoon diſſolv'd the ſpells they had begun; While well-earn'd fame with truths celeſtial glow, Reflects new luſtre on our HAMILTON.
EXTRACT. "THAT I am by birth, or family better than any others of my fellow creatures, is an absurdity—but if nature has beſtowed on me favors that ſhe has withheld from others, or given to others talents that ſhe has denied to me, ſurely in the firſt caſe, I poſſeſs a ſuperiority over them, but in the laſt caſe, they over me. This diſtinction is grounded in nature, for in fact nature has created it; and whenever ſhe beſtows ſuperior talents on individuals, and directs them to their proper object, thoſe individuals, thus favored, will in ſpite of art, become ſuperior to others, and not only command but deſerve greater reſpect. To contend then for equality in an unlimited ſenſe, is to ſtruggle againſt nature and to deny the juſtice of Providence—A perſon might almoſt as well attempt to eſtabliſh a
ſyſtem of univerſal ſcepticiſm; for until we loſe all confidence in the teſtimony of our ſenſes, we cannot believe the doctrine. If it be really true that perfect equality does, or can exiſt, then rewards and puniſhments muſt ceaſe, and to talk of ſuperior merit is to uſe words without meaning, for perfect equality does not admit of the ſmalleſt diſtinction."
For the GAZETTE of the UNITED STATES.
RIGHTS OF MAN; OR, THE TAX ON THE THEATRE. THE Rights of Man, Are all the plan, Of this our new-made nation; For an example— We ſhew a ſample, In our State-Legislation. State caſh to ſob— Behold a jobb, For folks whom I ſhan't name, Sir; The money gone, The Houſe not done— Sure Tom is not to blame, Sir. The walls are rais'd, Tho' ſtill unglaz'd, The roof lets in the rain; For thouſands more, They cry encore, Or th' builders work in vain. In this faſh caſh, The caſh to raiſe, And "Rights of Man" to right, Sir, Our rulers ſage, Say, Tax the Stage, Five thouſand Cents a night, Sir.
Philadelphia, March 13.
WAR DEPARTMENT.
The following PROMOTIONS & APPOINTMENTS have been made in the Legion of the United States, during the ſecond ſeſſion of the ſecond Congreſs.
GENERAL STAFF. Appointments. Thomas Pofey, of Virginia, Brigadier-General, vice Rufus Putnam, reſigned. Michael Rudolph, Adjutant and Inſpector—vice Winthrop Sargent, declined. CAVALRY. Robert M c Campbell, Capt. vice Stake, reſign'd. William Aylett Lee, do. vice Rogers, do. Solomon Van Renſelaer, Lieut. vice Davidon, do. James Taylor, do. vice Campbell, promoted. Leonard Covington, do. vice Lee, do. Appointments. George H. Dunn, Cornet, vice Renſelaer, do. Abraham Jones, do. vice Taylor, do. Daniel Torrey, do. vice Covington, do. FIRST SUB-LEGION. John F. Hamtramck, Lieut. Col. Commandant. Thomas Doyle, Major, vice Call, deceaſed. Thomas Hughes, do. vice Alſton, reſigned. Cornelius R. Sedam, Capt. vice Montfort, killed. John Jeffers, do. vice Denny, reſigned. Abner Prior, do. vice M c Pherson, do. Afa Harthorne, do. vice Doyle, promoted. Roſs Bird, Lieutenant, vice Sedam, do. Haſtings Marks, do. vice Jeffers, do. Wm. H. Harrison, do. vice Prior, do. Robert Hunter, do. vice Harthorne, do. Lewis Bond, do. vice Melcher, do. John Whiſtler, do. SECOND SUB-LEGION. David Strong, Lieut. Col. Commandant. Thomas Hunt, Major vice Hamtramck, prom. John Mills, do. vice Strong, do. John H. Buell, do. Cornelius Lyman, Captain, vice Platt, cashiered. Richard S. Howe, do. vice Hughes, prom. Richard H. Greateon, do. vice Hunt, do. Ruſſel Biſſell, do. vice Mills, do. Joſeph Dickinson, do. vice Buell, do. Edward Miller, do. vice Caſs, do. Edward D. Turner, Lieut. vice Sobier, deceaſed. Theodore Sedgwick, do. vice Lyman, prom. John Sullivan, do. vice Howe, do. Andrew Marſhalk, do. vice Greateon, do. William Marts, do. vice Biſſell, do. John Lowrey, do. vice Dickinson, do. Andrew M c Clary, do. vice Miller, do. THIRD SUB-LEGION. Jonathan Caſs, Major, vice Clark, promoted. Aaron Gregg, Lieut. vice Cummins, do. John Polhemus, do. vice Cochran, reſigned. John Steele, do. vice Gough, declined. FOURTH SUB-LEGION. John Clark, Lieutenant-Colonel Commandant. Benjamin Price, Captain, vice Wells, deceaſed. Henry De Butts, do. vice Stephenſon, reſigned. William Diven, Lieut. vice Price, promoted. Peter Grayſon, do. vice De Butts, do. SURGEONS' MATES. Appointments. John Hamill, Pennſylvania. Charles Watrous, Connecticut. Samuel Boyd, Pennſylvania. Elihu Lyman, Georgia.
The Preſident of the United States, by virtue of the powers veſted in him by law, has eſtabliſhed the following Organization of the Troops of the United States. The commissioned Officers hereinafter deſignated, together with the non-commiſſioned Officers, Muſicians and Privates, authorized by law, amounting to 5,120, are to be denominated. The Legion of the United States, which is to be divided into 4 Sub-Legions. The Legionary Staff. 1 Major General, or Legionary General— 2 Aids de Camp, 2 Brigadiers General, 2 Aids de Camp, 1 Adjutant and Inſpector, 1 Major Commandant of cavalry, 1 Major Commandant of artillery, 1 Quarter Maſter, 1 Deputy Quarter Maſter, 1 Surgeon, 1 Chaplain.
The Sub-Legions. Each Sub-Legion to conſiſt of the Officers hereinafter named, and 1280 non-commiſſioned Officers, Muſicians and Privates,—to wit, Field. 1 Lieutenant Colonel Commandant. Staff. 1 Sub-Legionary Major and Inſpector, 1 Quarter Maſter, 1 Surgeon. One Troop of Dragoons, conſiſting of 1 Captain, 1 Lieutenant, 1 Cornet, 6 Serjeants, 6 Corporals, 1 Farrier, 1 Saddler, 1 Trumpeter, 65 Dragoons. One Company of Artillery, to conſiſt of 1 Captain, 2 Lieutenants, 4 Serjeants, 4 Corporals, 2 Muſic, 52 Privates, including ten artiſicers. Two Battalions of Infantry, and 1 Battalion of Riflemen, each conſiſting of 1 Major, 1 Adjutant, 1 Quarter Maſter, 1 Surgeon's Mate, 1 Serjeant Major, 1 Quarter Maſter Serjeant, 1 Senior Muſician.—And Four Companies, each to conſiſt of 1 Captain, 1 Lieutenant, 1 Enſign, 6 Serjeants, 6 Corporals, 2 Muſic, 81 Privates. N. B. The Rifle Companies, one Bugler and eighty-two privates. One troop Dragoons 85 One company Artillery 60 Four companies Rifle—95 each 380 Eight do. Infantry do. 760 Aggregate 1280 4 The Legion of the United States 5120 Non-commiſſioned, Muſicians and Privates.
Summary View of the General, Field, Commissioned and Staff Officers, of the Legion of the United States.
GENERAL STAFF. 1 Major General, or Legionary General, 2 Brigadiers General, 1 Adjutant, 1 Quarter Maſter, 1 Deputy Quarter Maſter, 1 Surgeon, 1 Chaplain. FIELD. 4 Lieutenant Colonels Commandant, 14 Majors. COMMISSIONED. 56 Captains, 60 Lieutenants, 48 Enſigns, 4 Cornets. MEDICAL STAFF. 4 Surgeons, 12 Surgeon's Mates, 6 Surgeons Mates, for garriſon duty and extra ſervice. N. B. The Aids de Camp are included in the number of Commissioned Officers.
COMMUNICATIONS.
Funding the public debt is a great crime, and thoſe who make a noiſe about it, of courſe would have us think they have a great deal of merit by their hatred of the ſyſtem. Surely they reckon their own ſcore of merits ſomewhat like bad accountants. Did the party in Congreſs the moſt oppoſed to the report of the Secretary of the Treasury on the public debt, oppoſe funding? They did not—at leaſt if they are to be believed. They would have funded at ſix per cent—they would have funded in favor of original creditors. Their newſpaper trumpeters have ever ſince held up the rights of the army and of the original holders, and the merits of thoſe who would have preferred their claims to all others. Yet theſe ſame blaſterſes condemn the funding ſyſtem—What abſurdity. They hate monied ſyſtems, and myſteries, and jobs. They are too pure to receive ſuch ſoul ideas as thoſe of faith and public credit into their inſpired minds—They would however have paid more money and admitted more claims than the majority in Congreſs agreed to—and how was this to be done? by funding at ſix per cent. Perhaps ſome tell-tale will ſay, this inconſiſtency is apparent and not real. We did not intend to fund nor pay a farthing—it was only a means of baffling and defeating the majority, and we came very near accompliſhing our plan. This defence will be allowed to explain the conduct of the oppoſers of the funding act—but facts as they appear without ſuch explanation, ſhew that the pretended haters of funding ſyſtems, and monied ſchemes, and myſteries, would have funded the debt—In doing ſo they would have made the debt bigger by giving new certificates to the officers and ſoldiers, and heavier by voting an higher rate of intereſt.—Let the people now diſcontented with the doings of Congreſs, therefore, attend to facts and be undeceived.—What is done they think bad—Their pretended friends would have made it worſe.
The party which diſtinguiſhes itſelf by an oppoſition to the government of the United States, is frequently calling the public attention to the patriots of '75—and modeſtly arrogates to itſelf a ſpecies of merit, which all the world is ready to acknowledge the aſſertors of their country's rights at that day were juſtly entitled to.—A few particulars may ſerve to ſhew the ſtriking contraſt between the ſons of anarchy, and thoſe diſtinguiſhed friends of freedom.—The latter wrote againſt, and oppoſed a government, over which the former had little or no controul—but the former abuſe and reſiſt a government which is the work of the people, whoſe baſis is their will, and which always, in all things and throughout all its branches, is amenable to that high tribunal. The whigs of '75, wrote againſt a magiſtracy arbitrarily placed over them; a magiſtracy which was in the gift of a man 3000 miles diſtant—and who, in moſt inſtances, gave his appointments to needy dependants, who devoured our ſubſiſtence;—but the ſomenters of diſcord of the preſent day, write againſt a firſt magiſtrate, elected by the people—A man whoſe perſonal talents and virtues we read in a whole life of illuſtrious and well remembered ſervices—A man whom we have juſt ſeen a ſecond time called to the moſt
ſublime office in the univerſe, (the firſt Maſiſtracy in a great nation of rational free men) by the unanimous, conſtitutional voice of his country.
The republicans of '75 fought for a government of their own choice—they have obtained their wiſhes, and are happy—But the enemies of our federal union depreciate their merits by ſaying, in effect, that having overturned one government, it never was their intention to ſet up another.
Thoſe who always hated and ſtill oppoſe the government, think it their duty, or at leaſt their privilege to ſtretch the truth, to make it deteſted and ſuſpected. No faith is to be kept with heretics, it ſeems—for the ſing-ſong eloquence has been, Congreſs are ſpeculators—the majority voted money into their own pockets—The intereſts of the people were ſacrificed, the many to the few—thoſe who muſt pay to thoſe who will receive. There was a corrupt underſtanding between Congreſs and the ſpeculators—a partiality—a favoritism. Too much was given to the ſpeculators—the ſpeculators—the ſpeculators—For that is the chorus of every duty. But their own words confound them. Always trying to unravel and to undo, they often change their means but never their object—Behold, on the buſineſs of the claim made on Congreſs by the officers of the late army, the party change their note—Millions were ſaved by the Funding ſyſtem to the public—which the public has no juſt right to hold. Let the officers and ſoldiers, the original holders, come in for that ſaving.—Will not thoſe who have been made uneaſy by the arts of a deſperate faction, flick a pin there—Surely our faction turn oftener than the Vicar of Bray, for he only turned with the times—but our turn-coats do not find the times turning faſt enough. However, they are doing their utmoſt to give them a twirl.
There is an opinion that private vices are public benefits. We have gamblers who preach up purity and ſelf denial in politics—we have men who privately intrigue and openly court the voters to put them into place, and who tell us how deadly a poiſon an office is to republican virtue. We have men who laugh at religion, at conſcience, at public faith, at the rights of public and private creditors—who would pull down prieſt-craft and government-craft, and all other craft except that which ſhall lie them into place. Accordingly more falſehoods have been printed againſt the government than there were plagues in Egypt. Now better men would boggle at the work of blackballing men and meaſures. The work and the inſtruments to carry it on are well adapted to each other.—How lucky for our country that inasmuch as we have this ugly jobb to do, we have men raiſed up juſt fit to do it.
M. GENEST, the new French Miniſter to the United States, is expected in the ſhip SWANWICK, from Havre-de-Grace.
Mr. GERRY is proposed, in a Boſton paper, as a Candidate for Governor of Maſſachuſetts.
SHIP NEWS.
ARRIVED at the PORT OF PHILADELPHIA. Ship Grange, Hutchinson, Liverpool Union, Blyth, Teneriffe Brig La Marie Angelique, Emmitt, Cette Schrs. Induſtry, Lewis, C. Francois Richmonnd, Lampſon, Virginia Cleopatra, Williams, Charleſton Sloop Hope, Framills, Port-au-Prince Suſan, Mitchel, N. Carolina Friendſhip, Roach, ditto
PRICE OF STOCKS.
6 per Cents, 18 3/4 3 per Cents, 10 1/8 Deferred, 11 1/4 Full ſhares Bank U. S. 13 per cent, prem in the Insurance Company 75
TO CORRESPONDENTS. IXYCURGUS, and other valuable correſpondents ſhall be attended to ſoon.
BANK OF THE UNITED STATES.
RESOLVED, THAT any perſon reſiding in Europe, who ſhall authorize the Preſident, Directors and Company of the Bank of the United States, to receive annuities, or intereſt ariſing from the public debt of the United States of America, ſhall from time to time have authority to draw on the ſaid Preſident, Directors and Company, to the amount of the monies by them received, which draſts ſhall be paid without deduction and free of expence—Or, The Preſident, Directors and Company, if requeſted, will remit the monies by them received to any part of Europe, free of expence and without deduction, in Bills of Exchange at their current value, and at the risk of the perſon to whom the ſame ſhall be remitted. By the Preſident and Directors, JOHN KEAN, Caſhier.
TO BE SOLD,
Anoted covering Horſe, OF THE HUNTING BREED.
HE was imported from England in November, ſeventeen hundred and eighty-ſix, and is now ten years old; he is a bright bay, with a blaze, fifteen hands one inch high, is well form'd, has a great deal of bone and ſtrength, and his action equal to any horſe. His colts are well approved of in the different parts of the State where he has ſtood, of which any perſon inclined to purchaſe can inform themſelves.—Enquire of the Printer. February 18, 1793.
The price of this Gazette is Three Dollars per annum—One half to be paid at the time of ſubſcribing.

ADVERTISEMENT.
Those persons who have received Subscription-Money for the Gazette, and those who are in arrears for the same, are most earnestly requested to make payment to the Editor as soon as possible.
An Ordinance for securing the punctual Payment of the Monies due on the Subscriptions to the Society for establishing Useful Manufactures.
WHEREAS doubts have heretofore arisen with regard to the power of the Society to annex any penalties to the non-payment of the instalments, agreeably to the terms of the subscriptions. And whereas the Legislature at their last session, passed a supplement to the original law of incorporation, removing the said doubts, and fully authorizing the Directors to pass any ordinance they may think proper, to compel the punctual payment of the said subscriptions.
Sec. 1. Be it ordained, therefore, by the Governor and Directors of the Society for establishing Useful Manufactures, That if any subscriber or his assigns, shall neglect to pay the second payment of his, her, or their respective subscriptions, together with the lawful interest arising thereon, either to the cashier of the United States Bank Office of Discount and Deposit, at New-York, the cashier of the Bank of New-York, the cashier of the Bank of the United States, in Philadelphia, of John Bayard, Esq. in the city of New-Brunswick, in the state of New-Jersey, on or before the thirteenth day of April next: That then and in that case, all and every share or shares of such person or persons so neglecting to make such payments as aforesaid, and the monies by them previously paid, shall be forfeited, and forever thereafter vested in the said Directors, and their successors, for the common benefit of the said Society.
Sec. 2. Be it further ordained by the authority aforesaid, That if any subscriber, or his assigns, shall neglect to pay the third payment of his, her or their respective subscriptions, together with the lawful interest arising thereon, on or before the thirteenth day of May next. That then and in that case all and every share or shares of such person or persons so neglecting to make such payments as aforesaid, and the monies by them previously paid, shall be forfeited, and forever thereafter vested in the said Directors, and their successors, for the common benefit of the said Society.
Sec. 3. Be it further ordained by the authority aforesaid, That if any subscriber, or his assigns, shall neglect to pay the fourth payment of his, her, or their respective subscriptions, on or before the thirteenth day of July next, that then and in that case, all and every share or shares of such person or persons, so neglecting to make such payments as aforesaid, and the monies by them previously paid, shall be forfeited, and forever thereafter vested in the said Directors, and their successors, for the common benefit of the said Society.
NICHOLAS LOW, Governor. Pased at New-Ark, 20th February, 1793. (Counterfeited) ELISHA BOUDINOT, Secretary pro tempore.
BE IT KNOWN, that the proportion of specie which may be paid on the respective payments of every original share, by such Stockholders as prefer paying a moiety of said shares in specie, in lieu of deferred debt, is as follows:
Dols. Cts. On the 13th of April, 1793, with interest from 13th July, 1792, 7 63 On the 13th of May, 1793, with interest from 13th January, 1793, 7 86 On the 13th of July, 1793, 8 09 Stockholders in the said Society are hereby notified, that I, the subscriber, am duly authorized to make the requisite indorsements upon the certificates of shares which they may respectively hold, and that books of transfer are opened at my office, in Front-Street, New-York.
NICHOLAS LOW. February 21, 1793. 1awt13M.
City of Washington.
JANUARY 7th, 1793. A NUMBER of Lots in this City will be offered for sale at auction, by the Commissioners, on the 17th day of September next. One fourth part of the purchase money is to be paid down, the residue at three equal annual payments with yearly interest on the whole principal unpaid.
JOHN M. GANTT, Clerk to the Com'rs. Extract of an Act of the General Assembly of Maryland, concerning the Territory of Columbia, and the City of Washington.
"Be it enacted, That any foreigner may by deed or will, hereafter to be made, take and hold lands within that part of the said Territory which lies within this State, in the same manner as if he was a citizen of this State; and the same lands may be conveyed by him, and transmitted to and be inherited by his heirs or relations, as if he and they were citizens of this State: Provided, That no foreigner shall, in virtue hereof, be entitled to any further or other privilege of a citizen."
Jan. 19. tf
FOR SALE,
By the Subscriber, at Walnut-Street Wharf, BILL OF EXCHANGE
Madeira Wine,
Fit for immediate use, in pipes & quarter casks,
TENERIFFE WINE, in pipes, SHERRY WINE, in quarter casks, WEST-INDIA RUM, 2, 3 and 4 proof, OLD BRANDY, OLD SPIRIT, COPPERAS, BRIMSTONE, ALLUM, Two Bales 10-4 BLANKETS, and A Bale of MUSLINS.
A new 13-4 Inch CABLE, 120 fathoms long. GEORGE MEADE. Philadelphia, Jan. 19, 1793. ephm
PLANS
OF THE City of Washington, Sold by the BOOKSELLERS, DOBSON, CAREY, YOUNG, & CRUKSHANK.
War Department,
JANUARY 28, 1793.
INFORMATION is hereby given to all the military Invalids of the United States, that the sums to which they are entitled for six months of their annual pension, from the 4th day of September 1792, and which will become due on the 5th day of March 1793, will be paid on the said day by the Commissioners of the Loans within the states respectively, under the usual regulations, viz.
Every application for payment must be accompanied by the following vouchers:
1st. The certificate given by the state, specifying that the person possessing the same is in fact an Invalid, and ascertaining the sum to which, as such, he is annually intitled.
2d. An affidavit agreeably to the following form:
A. B. came before me, one of the Justices of the county of in the state of and made oath that he is the same A. B. to whom the original certificate in his possession was given, of which the following is a copy (the certificate given by the state to be recited). That he served (regiment, corps or vessel) at the time he was disabled, and that he now resides in the and county of and has resided there for the last years, previous to which he resided in
In case an Invalid should apply for payment by an attorney, the said attorney, besides the certificate and oath before recited, must produce a special letter of attorney agreeable to the following form:
I, A. B. of county of state of do hereby constitute and appoint C. D. of my lawful attorney, to receive in my behalf of my pension for six months, as an Invalid of the United States, from the 4th day of September 1792, and ending the 4th day of March 1793.
Signed and Sealed in the Presence of
Acknowledged before me, Applications of executors and administrators must be accompanied with legal evidence of their respective offices, and also of the time the Invalid died, whose pension they may claim. By Command of the President of the United States, H. KNOX, Secretary at War.
By THOMAS JOHNSON, DAVID STUART, & DANIEL CARROLL, Esquires,
COMMISSIONERS appointed by Government to prepare the Public Buildings, &c. within the City of Washington, for the reception of Congress, and for their permanent residence after the year 1800.
A LOTTERY FOR THE IMPROVEMENT OF THE FEDERAL CITY.
59,000 Tickets at 2 dollars, are 350,000 dollars. LIST OF PRIZES, viz.
Table with 3 columns: Prize, Amount, Number. Includes Superb Hotel, 50,000; 1 Cash Prize, 25,000; 1 ditto, 20,000; 1 ditto, 15,000; 1 ditto, 10,000; 2 ditto, 10,000; 10 ditto, 10,000; 20 ditto, 10,000; 100 ditto, 10,000; 200 ditto, 10,000; 400 ditto, 10,000; 1,000 ditto, 20,000; 15,000 ditto, 150,000. Totals: 16,737 Prizes, 33,263 Blanks, Dollars 350,000.
By this scheme at least the amount of the tickets will return to the fortunate adventurers, and yet the federal City will gain its object thereby, in a magnificent building designed both for public and private convenience.
Although some expense must necessarily attend the conducting of the lottery, (which expense will be taken from the principal prize) the Commissioners having agreed to present in return a sufficient quantity of excellent free-stone, together with the best adapted lots for the hotel and for the out-houses, the value of the lottery entire may be fairly rated at something more than par: In this important instance it will be found, on examination, to exceed all the lotteries that have ever been offered to the Public in this or perhaps in any other country. The keys of the Hotel, when complete, will be delivered to the fortunate possessor of the ticket drawn against its number. All the other prizes will be paid, without deduction, in one month after the drawing, by the City Treasurer at Washington, or at such Bank or Banks as may be hereafter announced, for the convenience of the fortunate adventurers.
The drawing will commence on Monday the 9th of September next, at the City of Washington.
Tickets may be had of Col. Wm. Dickens, City Treasurer of Washington; Thayer & Bartlett, of Charleston, South-Carolina; Gideon Denison, Savannah; Messrs. James West & Co. Baltimore; Mr. Peter Gilman, Boston; and at such other places as will be hereafter published.
N. B. ONE HUNDRED DOLLARS will be given for the best Plan of an elegant and convenient HOTEL or INN, with hot and cold Baths, Stables, and other out houses, if presented on or before the 10th of April next; and a preference will be given to the Artist for a Contract, provided he be duly qualified to complete his plan. The ground on which the Hotel and out houses are to be erected, will be a corner lot of about 90 by 200 feet, with a back avenue to the stables, &c. Sections and estimates of the expense will be expected with the elevations, &c. complete; and 50,000 dollars must be regarded by the Architect as the utmost limit in the expense intended for this purpose. S. BLODGET, Agent for the affairs of the City. March 6, 1793.
ADVERTISEMENT.
NOTICE is hereby given, That the Commissioners appointed by the Board of Trustees of the University of North-Carolina, will attend at the town of Hillsborough, on the 18th, 19th and 20th days of April next, for the purpose of receiving proposals from such persons as may be disposed to undertake the Buildings of the University.
FREDERICK HARGETT, Chairman.
TO BE SOLD, OR LEASED
FOR SEVEN OR TEN YEARS, THE FOLLOWING
HOUSES.
ONE on Walnut-Street, near Fourth-Street, 23 feet front, has two parlours below, the front one 21 1/2 by 17 1/2 feet, the back parlour is 18 by 14 feet. The front room up stairs is 26 1/2 by 17 1/2 feet. There are five good chambers in this house, besides the garret is divided into three rooms, in two of them there are fire-places.
The other House is 27 feet upon Walnut-Street, and 52 feet upon 4th Street; there are two good parlours below, one of them 25 by 20 1-2 feet, the other 25 by 18 1-2 feet, and seven complete bed-chambers; besides the garret is divided into 4 rooms, 3 of which rooms have fire-places. The kitchens are good ones, and are under the houses; the largest house has also a house-keeper's room. It is intended there shall be a communication from both of these houses to a neighbouring ice-house, sufficiently large to supply 3 houses. Within 50 yards of these houses, there will be complete stables and coach houses, for both houses; they will be finished in the most complete manner, and the keys ready to be delivered early in the summer.
On paying half the money down (if sold) the other half may be paid by instalments, or the whole may remain for 5 years, paying interest and giving security on the premises.
For terms of sale or lease, apply to the Subscriber,
GEORGE MEADE.
Who has for SALE,
Sundry Ground Rents,
In this city, amounting to twenty-five pounds sixteen shillings and six-pence, per annum.
Also, a quantity of BAGS, that will contain two and a half and three and a half bushels. Philadelphia, Jan. 19, 1793. ephm
Insurance Company.
A general meeting (by adjournment) of the Insurance Company of North-America, on Wednesday the 16th instant,
It was Resolved,
THAT the Instalments which, according to the Constitution, will become due on the second Monday of July and January next, or either of them, may be paid by any Stockholder at an earlier period; and any Stockholder so paying such instalment, or instalments, shall receive a proportionate share of the Dividends thereafter to be made, calculating such share from the first day of the month succeeding such payments respectively. Extract from the Minutes, EBEN. HAZARD, Sec'y. Philadelphia, Jan. 23.
A New Post-Road.
HAVING been desired to establish a post-road from Reading, in the state of Pennsylvania, to Williamsburg, at the Great Forks of the Genesee river, Notice is hereby given, that proposals will be received at the General Post-Office, for carrying a weekly mail between Reading and Williamsburg aforesaid, by the following route. to wit: the Great Road now improving between Reading and the town of Northumberland; from the latter place to Loyalsock creek; thence to Lycoming creek; thence in the new road to the Painted Post, on Tioga river; and thence to Williamsburg.
The proposals will be received until the 15th of March next, inclusively; the carriage of the mail to commence within one month afterwards.
Necessary Post-Offices are to be established on the route, and such persons appointed Postmasters as the Contractor shall name, and the Postmaster-General approve.
Within three months after the carriage of this mail is commenced, the Contractor is to state to the Postmaster-General the days and hours of its arrival and departure at and from the principal Post-offices, which experience shall prove to be most convenient; and thereafter the mail is to be delivered at the respective Post-offices at the hours so fixed, unavoidable accidents excepted, on penalty of one dollar for each hour's delay; and for the non-performance of a trip, the Contractor to forfeit twenty dollars.
The term of the contract cannot exceed eight years. During its continuance the Contractor is to receive the rates of postage by law established, and to have the exclusive privilege of carrying letters and packets for hire, such excepted, as shall be sent by a special messenger, or which are or shall be by law declared free.
TIMOTHY PICKERING, P.M.G. General Post-Office, Jan. 22, 1793.
NEW TEAS.
IMPERIAL, HYSON & SOUCHONG Of the very first quality, and latest importation from Canton, via New-York, by retail, at
No. 19,
Third, between Chestnut and Market Streets. N. B. A few Boxes of the above HYSON for sale.
TICKETS
In the FEDERAL CITY LOTTERY, May be had at SAMUEL COOPER'S Ferry.
TO BE SOLD BY THE EDITOR,
A TABLE for receiving and paying Gold— graduated according to Law— Blank Manifests— And Blanks for the various Powers of Attorney necessary in transacting Business at the Treasury or Bank of the United States.
JUST PUBLISHED, By Thomas Dobson, BookSELLER, at the Stone-House, in Second Street, PHILADELPHIA, VOLUME VII, OF ENCYCLOPEDIA: OR, A DICTIONARY OF ARTS, SCIENCES, AND MISCELLANEOUS LITERATURE. On a Plan entirely new: BY WHICH THE DIFFERENT SCIENCES AND ARTS are digested into the Form of Distinct TREATISES or SYSTEMS: COMPREHENDING THE History, Theory, and Practice of each, according to the latest Discoveries and improvements: and full Explanations given of the various detached parts of Knowledge, whether relating to Natural and Artificial Objects, or to Matters Ecclesiastical, Civil, Military, Commercial, &c. Including Elucidations of the most important Topics relative to Religion, Morals, Manners, and the Oeconomy of Life: together with a Description of all the Countries, Cities, principal Mountains, Seas, Rivers, &c. throughout the World; a General History, Ancient and Modern, of the different Empires, Kingdoms, and States: and an account of the Lives of the most Eminent Persons in every Nation, from the earliest ages down to the present time. Compiled from the writings of the best authors, in several Languages; the most approved Dictionaries, as well as of General Science as of particular branches; the Transactions, Journals, and Memoirs of the learned Societies, both at home and abroad—the MS. lectures of eminent professors on different Sciences; and a variety of original Materials, furnished by an extensive Correspondence.
THE DIFFERENT SCIENCES AND ARTS are digested into the Form of Distinct TREATISES or SYSTEMS: COMPREHENDING THE History, Theory, and Practice of each, according to the latest Discoveries and improvements: and full Explanations given of the various detached parts of Knowledge, whether relating to Natural and Artificial Objects, or to Matters Ecclesiastical, Civil, Military, Commercial, &c. Including Elucidations of the most important Topics relative to Religion, Morals, Manners, and the Oeconomy of Life: together with a Description of all the Countries, Cities, principal Mountains, Seas, Rivers, &c. throughout the World; a General History, Ancient and Modern, of the different Empires, Kingdoms, and States: and an account of the Lives of the most Eminent Persons in every Nation, from the earliest ages down to the present time. Compiled from the writings of the best authors, in several Languages; the most approved Dictionaries, as well as of General Science as of particular branches; the Transactions, Journals, and Memoirs of the learned Societies, both at home and abroad—the MS. lectures of eminent professors on different Sciences; and a variety of original Materials, furnished by an extensive Correspondence.
The Seventh Volume contains a description of Mount Etna, Eudiometer, Exchange, Experimental Philosophy, System of Particles, Frugal System, Fire, fixed Air, Fluxions, Food, Fortification, Fossils, History of France, Gardening, Gas, Geneva, Geography, Geometry, Gilding, Glass, &c. with a variety of articles in natural history, biography and miscellanies. Illustrated with Thirty Eight elegant Copperplates.
CONDITIONS.
I. The work is printing on a superfine paper, and new types, (cast for the purpose) which will be occasionally renewed before they contract a worn appearance. II. The work is furnished in boards, in volumes or half-volumes, as subscribers chuse; the price of the whole volumes, five dollars each, of the half-volumes two dollars and two-thirds of a dollar each. Ten dollars to be paid on subscribing, the volumes or half-volumes finished to be paid for when delivered, the price of one volume to be paid in advance, and the price of each succeeding volume to be paid on delivering the volume preceding it. No part of the work will be delivered unless paid for. III. In the course of the publication will be delivered about five hundred copperplates elegantly engraved in Philadelphia; which by far exceed in number those given in any other scientific dictionary. At the close of the publication will be delivered an elegant frontispiece, the dedication, preface, and proper title pages for the different volumes. It is expected the work will be comprised in about eighteen volumes in quarto.
Those who wish to become possessors of this valuable work will please to be early in their applications, as the subscription is nearly closed. Jan. 23.
BANK OF THE UNITED STATES.
FEBRUARY 11, 1793.
WHEREAS foreigners holding Stock in the Bank of the United States may prefer receiving their Dividends in Europe, to receiving them in America.
RESOLVED, That any proprietor of the Capital Stock of the Bank of the United States residing in Europe, shall be entitled to receive either in London or in Amsterdam, the half yearly dividends which may be declared thereon—in London at the rate of one pound sterling for every four hundred and forty-five cents, or in Amsterdam at the rate of one guilder current money for every forty cents and four mils—the dividend declared in January of each year, to be paid in London or in Amsterdam on the second Monday of July following—and the dividend declared in July of each year, to be paid in London or in Amsterdam on the second Monday of January following.
PROVIDED, That every such Proprietor (previous to the declaring of any Dividend, so to be paid in London or in Amsterdam) shall give authentic notice to the President and Directors of the Bank at which of the said Cities he will receive the said Dividend.
By the President and Directors, JOHN KEAN, Cashier.
FIFTY DOLLARS REWARD.
RAN away on the 25th instant, a likely Negro Man called ISAAC, about twenty-three years old, five feet six or eight inches high, a well made fellow, fond of talking, has a large mouth, and shows his teeth very much when talking; had on when he went away, a brown linen shirt, a short white kersey over jacket with a very high collar and plain breasted, with buttons which appear to have been very gay; a pair of white kersey breeches, a pair of white knit yarn stockings, a pair of shoes with strings in them, and a coarse hat; all the above clothes are almost new. Said Negro was formerly the property of Mr. William Thomas, late of Kent County, near George-Town Cross Roads, deceased, and has for several years been employed in that neighbourhood, and principally by a Mr. Maxwell, and lately by Messrs. John and James Carmack, as a waggoneer, which business he is well acquainted with, and is what he prefers; and has been engaged in driving a waggon from said Cross Roads to Duck-Creek, &c. until August last. I expect he will make his way for the neighbourhoods of George-Town, Duck-Creek, Dover or Wilmington. The above reward will be paid if delivered to me in this place, or Thirty Dollars if secured in any goal, so that I get him again. He is an artful fellow, and when taken, will make his escape, unless particularly secured. EASTON, OWEN KENNARD. Talbot County, Maryland, Dec. 28, 1792.