Gazette of the United-States. (New-York [N.Y.]), 1791-10-05 00:00:00

Gazette of the United States.
PUBLISHED WEDNESDAYS AND SATURDAYS BY JOHN FENNO, No. 69, HIGH STREET, BETWEEN SECOND AND THIRD STREETS, PHILADELPHIA.
[No. 46, of Vol. III.]
WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 5, 1791.
[Whole No. 254.]
FROM THE COLUMBIAN CENTINEL.
PUBLIC HAPPINESS.
No. I.
A public happiness includes the general welfare of the people, our observations will respect equally national and individual prosperity. We will first consider the facts and circumstances, which now exist favorable to happiness in the United States of America. The territory is as great as the wishes of man, it is diversified with all the variety of soils and climates necessary for every production; it is accommodated with the finest rivers and harbors, in the known world, with every other circumstance conducive to agriculture and commerce—its seas and rivers are stored with the greatest variety and plenty of fish, and its forests with deer, and other useful animals, which supply the new settlers with provisions—in short, this quarter of the world is unequalled on the globe for its natural advantages.
The next circumstance to be considered, is the government. As no people can long prosper without a good government, this is of high importance; and in this particular the United States, are as happy as they are in their natural situation; their government is established on the basis of public welfare, and its principles the result of reason and the experience of all ages. It has also this superlative excellency, a principle of improvement in it, by which the people may, at any time, when a majority judge it necessary, make amendments. By this admirable principle, all tumults and revolutions, which have convulsed and ruined other nations, may be forever prevented; for whenever a majority wish for alterations, they can effect them by a vote. If the minority unreasonably clamour, they will throw their words to the wind, and if they use force, they will be treated as rebels against liberty. Therefore the government of this country may justly be considered as the most perfect freedom, and the most permanent, that ever existed. Neither the kingly, or republican governments, of ancient or modern times, will bear a comparison with the United States of America, either for excellency or duration. Nothing less than a total perversion of human minds, can ever produce anarchy or tyranny in this land.
We will next consider the flourishing state of the country since the establishment of their excellent government, and the improvement the people are making of their natural advantages. One of the most striking features, which arrests the attention of all reflecting minds, is the rapid population. By the late enumeration, it appears, that the United States have about four millions of people! Such a growth, was never before seen under the sun. Their progress in arts and sciences, in agriculture, manufactures and commerce, have more than equalled the rapidity of population. From their past improvements, we may conclusively reason, as to their future advances, and build with all human certainty on events yet to come.
A TRAVELLER.
No. II.
PUBLIC credit being essential to the welfare of the people, they can never hope for permanent prosperity until funds are provided and sacredly employed to pay their debts. Therefore, Congress with great wisdom funded the public debts, and provided for the payment of the interest, and gradual extinction of the principal. The revenue system was formed, and is executed with such discernment that public credit has risen in the United States in a degree unparalleled in the world; and the general prosperity of the people has also increased beyond calculation. Nothing is now wanting to complete and perpetuate the general welfare, but a steady pursuit of the means which have been so eminently successful. As a sinking fund is part of the system, and has already begun its operation, and as the money produced by the sale of lands is solely appropriated to this purpose, with the proceeds of the Post-Office, together with the surplus of the money raised by all imposts and excises, after paying the necessary expenses of government, it is reasonable to expect the public debts will be rapidly reduced until their final extinction. Although the funding and revenue system has not been two years in operation, the revenue already exceeds the expenses of government, and in addition to the interest of the debt, large sums of the principal have been paid. And as the revenue will increase with a rapidity equal to the growth of the country, the sinking fund must enlarge from two causes, whose operations will perpetually augment each other; the reduction of expenses as the debt lessens, and the growing revenue. The period may not be far distant when the government may be employed to appropriate the revenue to such public purposes as will most advance and insure the greatest interest and happiness of the people. As one capital mean to accelerate a day so desirable and glorious, and to increase the general interest at the present and intervening time, let us consider the tendency of that important institution formed the last session of Congress, establishing the BANK of the United States. But as this is so highly interesting, and opens so wide a field for contemplation, we will refer it to another paper.
A TRAVELLER.
PROCLAMATION.
Published in Martinique, on the 7th of July, by the King's Commissioners, sent to enforce the law of the 8th of last December, relative to the situation of that Colony.
IMPRESSED with the importance of our mission, and eager to ensure its success, we have hitherto taken, for the rule of our conduct, a principle which as strongly prevails in our hearts, as it is laid down in our instructions—that our ministry is a ministry of peace, not of rigour.
In effect, we are the organs of the mother country, and the depositaries of her will; which she has charged us to carry into execution, among Frenchmen, her sons, and our brethren. We had therefore reason to think, that it would have been sufficient for us to speak in the name of the nation, the law and the king; and that instant obedience would be paid, and order and legal subordination restored.
And must we relinquish such flattering hopes? Shall the benevolent views of the nation and the king be disappointed? After having tried every measure, that patience, moderation, and the love of peace, could suggest, must we now be obliged to have recourse to coercive means, in order to ensure respect to the law?
The object of that law is, the general pacification of the Windward Isles, and principally Martinique. But how far is that object from being accomplished! It seems to be misunderstood! We will see on all sides the dreadful and lasting consequences of an intestine war. On every side, the spirit of discord and hatred seems ready to renew the disturbances which have desolated this unfortunate island.
Yet it is Frenchmen who inhabit it!—children, who, deaf to their mother's voice, thus sacrifice her favors and their own interests, to their private passions and resentment!—brothers, whom it is necessary to restrain from cutting each other's throats!
A simple error is but of short duration. When the intention is pure, the mind is easily brought back to reason. When the common cause is at stake, all private pretensions are forgotten, all animosities are appeased. But it is evident, that there do exist men sufficiently wicked, sufficiently mad, to persist in their private resentment, to ferment that of others, to endeavor to perpetuate disorder, and to rekindle the flames of war in this colony.
A proof of this wicked disposition appears in those threats dictated by party spirit, against individuals of the opposite party—in those acts of violence committed in several places, against their persons and their property—in that universal terror, which has spread through the island, and produces daily emigrations.
If the legal authority has proved insufficient to prevent such excesses, which almost all originated in mysterious darkness, it becomes only the more necessary to check their progress, and to inflict a signal punishment on those who shall be discovered to be the authors.
In consequence—having received information of the late insurrection at Saint Pierre, on the 24th, and being convinced by this mortifying example, that less serious indeed, but not less criminal, had preceded, and that private quarrels, and the most trifling acts of violence committed by two individuals, are sufficient to cause a general ferment in that city—we renew the prohibitions already expressed in our proclamation of the 9th of last April, forbidding all persons, of what rank soever, to offer any insult, or commit any act, whereby peace and good order may be violated, on pain of being prosecuted and punished, according to the rigour of the law.
We likewise forbid all persons, under what pretext soever, to carry out, to Arms, or to appear in armed bodies in the streets, on pain of death, in conformity to the ordinances.
We declare, that we will use every forcible means in our power to seize whoever shall contravene this proclamation, and to put into immediate execution the sentence pronounced on the authors, abettors and accomplices of such insurrections. And from the necessity of coercing, by striking examples, those who have, for so long a time, forgotten and despised the laws, we have enjoined the public officers to make all necessary researches, that information may be given, without delay, respecting the unlawful proceedings which have lately spread the alarm in the city of St. Pierre; and to act conformably to our former requisition, relative to the disturbers of the public tranquility.
We direct and order all the tribunals, and all those whom it may concern, to publish this proclamation in their respective districts, and to aid and assist in carrying it into execution, so far as each is concerned.
(Signed)
LA COSTE, MAGNYTOT, MONDENOIX, LINGER.
St. Pierre, July 5, 1791.
Address presented Lord Dorchester, by the inhabitants of Quebec, on his intended departure for England; signed by 120 of the most respectable citizens of that place, dated August 17, 1791.
TO HIS EXCELLENCY THE RIGHT HONORABLE GUY LORD DORCHESTER, GOVERNOR GENERAL OF THE PROVINCE OF QUEBEC, &c.
May it please your Excellency,
WE, citizens of Quebec, beg leave to approach your Lordship with sentiments of dutiful affection for your person, and of lively gratitude for the experience we have repeatedly had of your Excellency's mild, benevolent and wise administration, and of the encouragement and protection given to the agriculture and commerce of this country.
To suppress our regret at your Lordship's approaching departure, would be doing violence to our feelings; yet we indulge the pleasing hope that your absence will be but temporary, and we anticipate the happy prospect of your speedy return to your governments and command.
Sensible of your Lordship's zeal for the interests of this province, we hope with confidence, that whatever arrangements are necessary to bring to perfection the new establishment of a free constitution of government preparing for us, they will be objects of your Excellency's peculiar care and attention during your residence in England.
In taking leave of your Lordship, we wish to express the high respect and esteem we entertain for Lady Dorchester's distinguished and exemplary character.
Sincerely wishing your Lordship and amiable family a safe and prosperous voyage and return,
We have the honor to be, may it please your Excellency, your Lordship's most obedient servants, &c.
DOCTOR PRIESTLY.
The personal abuse and destruction of property which this gentleman, and the other Dissenters, have lately experienced at Birmingham, appear to be, and certainly are great evils; But, like all other apparent evils, they will, in the course of events, most assuredly produce some greater good—"Persecution has always been the means of promoting the persecuted Religion.—The blood of the Martyrs was the seed of the church."
LONDON, August 1.
THE Duke of York, after his marriage, is expected to reside a good deal at Berlin. The Princess Frederica is so much a favourite with her father, that it is not thought he will readily consent to her residence in England.
The following are extracts of several letters from Birmingham.
"Many manuscripts of Dr. Priestley's writing lie scattered near his late house. Report says that a bond of annuity from Earl Shelburn, now Marquis of Lansdown, for 300l. a year to the Doctor was found—but this I cannot aver as fact.
"Some pamphlets of an inflammatory nature, and a private printing press being found in the house of Mr. Russell, were the cause of its being burned. Indignation, and not plunder, appears to be the governing principle, of the populace. Long live the King, and God protect our Constitution, is constantly exclaimed: And when a house is pulled down—the cry is, so perish all the enemies of Great-Britain.
"The house of Mr. Hobson, a Presbyterian Parson, and the dwellings of Messieurs Budd, Hawkes, Harwood, and a farm house in the neighbourhood of Mosely, were also demolished. These persons were marked as principal applauders of the French Revolution.
"Mr. Taylor's fine house is never to be rebuilt—he says it shall remain in its present state as a monument of the majesty of the people!!
Aug. 3. The Courts of Vienna and Madrid are earnestly pursuing some concealed object of political moment. Couriers are continually passing with amazing expedition. This, however, touches us not.
The letters of the King and Queen of France to Vienna, can contain nothing confidential, for they are all avowedly examined by M la Fayette and his satellites. They are therefore fabricated for their inspection.
The return of the King of Sweden from his political journey, indicates a suspension of the hostile projects against France, which rumor has so confidently attributed to the continental powers. For the Swedish Monarch has generally been considered as the probable general of the confederates.
The spirit of revolt, the embers of which are still discernable in the Netherlands, will be a powerful restraint on the interposition of the Emperor in the projected counter-revolution in France. The National Assembly would without doubt stimulate, probably with success, the discontented Flemings to insurrection, and would give them effectual support.
Reports are now circulating in the city of news received from Madras, that Bangalore was in possession of the British troops, and Lord Cornwallis in full march to Seringapatam on the 10th of March. These, we presume, are anticipations of the news expected to be received, for they are not of a nature to be kept back from the public.
INTELLIGENCE FROM INDIA.
BOMBAY GAZETTE.
Dec. 15. Eight Bengal cargoes of Rice have already been landed, and disposed of from eight and a quarter, to eight rupees six annas per bag; but retailed at nine and nine and a quarter per bag, and is still very scarce.
CALCUTTA GAZETTE.
January 12. Mr. Wroughton formerly collector of the district of Morning Sing, has proceeded for Europe on board the Trautmadorff, under Imperial colours; on a representation from the Sheriff, the Pilot received orders not to carry the ship out unless Mr. Wroughton was delivered up, but the Captain, we understand, refused to do so, and sent to Chandernagore for a French Pilot, so that it is probable Mr. Wroughton will still escape.
Feb. 3. The letters from Madras of the 15th and 16th ult. mention, that a large body of the enemy's horse was supposed to have formed a lodgement in the neighbourhood of the Mount, about ten or twelve miles distant from Madras; and that in consequence the people from the surrounding villages were flocking into the Black Town, and the families were moving from their houses on Choultrie plain into the Fort—Colonel Wangenheim's regiment of Hessians, had been ordered into the Fort from the Black Town.
The army on the 14th, were in the vicinity of Triumally, and were proceeding further to the

northward, for the purpose of rendering their junction with his Lordship more easy and certain.
There are now nearly complete on the stocks at Mangalore, two ships of war—the one pierced for 64 guns—and the other for 36, they have been constructed under the direction of European shipwrights, retained in the service of Tipoo, and are spoken of as being perfect in model as well as workmanship—the taking or destroying of these ships, would be an object of no small import, and merits regard.
During the riots in Birmingham, the Methodists and followers of the late Countess of Huntington, were unmolested, on their declaring for Church and King.
The Hotel belonging to Dudley, where the Revolutionists dined, had only the windows broken—it was not pulled down, because it belonged to a Churchman.
The colliers who came to join and assist the rioters in Birmingham, were drove out of town; the mob declaring they did not want the assistance of any rabble, whose object might only be to plunder.
The Empress's Answer to the Ministers of the allied powers by Count d'Osterman.
Whenever the courts of Berlin and London and other powers, made known to the Empress their desires of seeing the war, which unhappily broke out between Russia and the Porte, speedily finished, her Majesty always shewed such inclination as fully demonstrated a perfect concurrence in the wishes of such powers, of which, in all the cabinets, are to be found the most incontrovertible proofs.
The memorial delivered on the 26th of May (new stile) by the ministers of the two first named powers, only mentions, in general terms, the procuring safety for the Ottoman Porte in the next peace, and of commencing a negotiation on that subject. Her Majesty can penetrate its object and aim the less, as she flatters herself in having offered all that peaceableness, generosity, and condescension, suggested to her for the general conveniences (perhaps circumstances would be a better word) consistent with her dignity, the justice of her cause, and her care for the safety and tranquility of her empire.
For, after having been unlawfully challenged and attacked, as is well known to all the world, and which have been particularly acknowledged and confessed formerly by the courts of London and Berlin; after a heavy expensive war during four years, though on the part of Russia it has been attended with uninterrupted advantages, and which have put her in possession of several provinces and strong places, under the Turkish dominion; the Empress, conformable to the laws adopted and acknowledged by all nations, ought to have a due right of keeping the whole of these conquests, or at least a part, as a just, but yet too small an indemnification for so many disasters, and incalculable losses, of which the heavy burden has been supported all the time by her dominion.
However, her Majesty being inspired with moderation and disinterestedness, has not hesitated to make a sacrifice of all the advantages which the progress of her arms seemed to promise her, by making no conditions for herself, excepting only to secure the stability of a peace which she wishes to conclude, by fixing a new frontier, and which frontier far from exposing the defensive safety of the Porte, on the contrary insures it, as it removes all causes of difference and contentions, which an immediate neighborhood is too much liable to do, and which has become a source and occasion of dissensions and bloody wars.
A river, like that of the Neister, offers a frontier as natural, as fit to prevent, in the progress of time, all the above-mentioned inconveniences, without having any particular influence (which can easily be demonstrated) on the power of both parties interested; her Majesty thinks it necessary to insist upon this demarcation of frontier, the more so, as she thereby makes it agree to prospects which the Courts of Berlin and London seem to have at heart for the safety of the Ottoman Porte, and for the preservation of the lasting and universal tranquility of Europe, which the Empress has also ever made a subject of her continued and most animated care.
Guided by these motives, evidently the basis of equity and justice, her Majesty has ordered her ministers to declare to the Courts of Berlin and London, that she still continues in the same peaceable and moderate sentiments which she has ever shown; and that she will avail herself with the greatest pleasure of every impartial and amicable step which the courts shall think proper, for the continuation of the salutary works of peace, provided her dignity and the welfare of her subjects be provided for in such a manner as a just cause and reason prescribes and requires.
(Signed) COUNT D'OSTERMAN. 6th June 1791.
V I E N N A, July 13.
It is whispered, that the Emperor, on the occasion of his approaching Coronation at Prague,
will have an interview with the King of Prussia; and that about that time the Elector of Saxony will definitively determine on the succession to the Crown of Poland, as he waits the decisions of our Court and that of Russia on this subject.
F R A N K F O R T, July 20.
The pregnancy of the Electress of Saxony has been announced at Court. This event will probably alter the proposed plans, and induce the Elector to accept the eventual succession to the throne of Poland.
P A R I S, July 29.
Already the free corporation of Paris are turning their eyes to the objects of commerce and magnificence. They have published proposals for the erection of two bridges across the Seine, the one opposite to the Champ de Confederation, the other to connect the Fauxbourgs of St. Antoine and St. Marveil, which is the quarter of Paris now the most crowded with carriages, as these are the greatest inlets for provisions and wine. Several companies have offered to erect these bridges, on condition of being allowed a toll; but as jobs are not encouraged, they have not yielded to any of these proposals, but make a general offer to all artists willing to engage in the undertaking.
A subscription has been opened here to erect a statue of the late Dr. Franklin, in order to preserve to distant ages the memory of a man, who, by inducing France to support the standard of Liberty in America, taught her the way to erect it in the heart of her own dominions.
Q U E B E C, August 18.
Last Thursday evening arrived here his majesty's ships, Ulysses and Resistance in seven weeks from Gibraltar, having on board the seventh or royal regiment of fusileers, under the command of the colonel his royal highness prince Edward.
On Saturday at the castle of St. Lewis, his royal highness received the respectful compliments of the officers of the garrison, civil and military, the clergy, merchants, citizens, &c.
In the afternoon the ladies of Quebec were also introduced to his royal highness.
On Tuesday the seventh regiment disembarked on the beach or landing place, in the Lower town, where, after having formed, his royal highness, in compliment to the garrison, made them perform the usual evolutions of a salute, the drums beating and music playing God save the King. They then marched up to the parade before the castle, where being drawn up in the presence of a great concourse of spectators they were viewed by his excellency lord Dorchester and his honor general Clarke, his royal highness commanded in person, in a manner that shewed the prince not less than the soldier. From thence the regiment filed up Port Louis street, deposited the colors at his highness's house, and marched to the block-house at Cape Diamond.
Saturday last arrived here (accompanied by sir John Johnston) colonel Brant, with about 40 chiefs, &c. deputed from the confederated western nations of Indians, to represent to government their situation with regard to the United States of America, in the war now carrying on betwixt them.
Sunday they were admitted to a public conference at the castle, in which they complained of encroachments on their territories, prayed for the interposition of the British government to accommodate their differences with the States, &c. After having explained the objects of their mission, they were referred to next day (Monday) to receive his lordship's reply. In which, he promised on his arrival in Great Britain, faithfully to represent their situation to his majesty, and said he would be happy to contribute all in his power to effect the restoration of peace on solid and advantageous terms.
We are happy to have it in our power to congratulate the public on the very promising and forward state of the crop all over the province.
P O R T L A N D, (Mass.) Sept. 19.
A writer in the Liverpool paper of July 21st, calls earnestly on the inhabitants of that place to erect a number of new Churches, for the accommodation of the poor. He says that of the established Church there are at least thirty-five thousand poor persons—of whom upwards of thirty thousand are altogether unprovided with places of public worship. "We see thousands of the lower sort," adds he, "in defiance of all law and decency, profaning the Sabbath, and loitering in the field, lanes, and public houses."
If those of the established Church in Birmingham, are in the same miserable situation with their brethren in Liverpool, we may readily account for their late horrid proceedings.—How should men fear a God whom they had never been taught to worship?—or obey his laws, of which they had never even heard?
People of America! can you read this, without looking up to heaven with an eye of thankfulness for the inestimable privileges you enjoy.—In Europe, the Ministers of justice punish crimes:—In America, the teachers of Morality and Religion prevent them.
C O N C O R D, (N. H.) Sept. 14.
On Thursday the 23d of August, Mr. William Kimball, of Bradford, in Massachusetts, as he was standing with his back towards a Mr. Fry, who had been to work with him, the latter innocently (though rashly) caught hold of the former, unawares, and with a sudden exertion, tossed him over his head, by which unlucky circumstance Mr. Kimball's neck joint was dislocated. He was immediately carried to a surgeon, but no relief could be had until the Saturday following, when Dr. Kitteridge came and set the joint; but it had lain too long out of its place—the sense of feeling, from his neck to his feet, immediately left him, on the joint's being put into its place; and he died the next Saturday. His mental faculties continued, and he could speak distinctly, until a few minutes before he expired. This misfortune may serve as a monitor to those who frequently and imprudently divert themselves in a manner that endangers life.
G O S H E N, (N. Y.) Sept. 20.
It is pleasing, says a correspondent, to observe the progress of the St. TAMMANY SOCIETY, of New York; not long since, they opened a Museum for the reception of Natural Curiosities, &c. which has thriven in an astonishing manner, and become extremely entertaining;—They have since issued proposals for the establishment of a Literary Magazine , which, from their assiduity and perseverance we may expect will be highly valuable: add to these, they have established a Library containing, at this early period of it, no less than 300 volumes, consisting of the works of the most eminent ancient and modern writers, to which additions of the best publications are constantly making. This Society is a body corporate, consisting of upwards of 300 members, and rapidly increasing. Admission at present as a member, is 5l. which after the first of October next, will be raised to 15 dollars.—Their harmonious proceedings, excellent regulations, and praiseworthy motives, appear to merit the well-wishes of all who are acquainted with their operations, and bid fair to be of infinite advantage, in a particular manner, to the citizens of that metropolis.
On Thursday last, a ship of about two hundred tons burthen was, and this day a brig of nearly the same burthen will be, launched at Newburgh.—This beautiful situation, seems but to want encouragement to become a populous and thriving commercial town, partaking of easy access both by land and water, and blest with an excellent and extensive country in its rear.
P O R T S M O U T H [N. H.] Sept. 22.
Last Friday the Convention which met at Concord for the purpose of revising the Constitution of this State, adjourned to meet at the same place the second Wednesday of February next. The following is a summary account of the alterations agreed upon, which are referred to a committee of ten to report at the adjournment, viz.
G O V E R N O R.
The stile of the President to be altered to Governor . The paragraph relative to the President's presiding in the Senate, &c. to be expunged—Yeas 65. Nays 14. The Governor to nominate, and by and with the advice of the Council, to appoint officers.
S E N A T E.
The State to be divided into thirteen districts, each district to choose a Senator—a plurality of votes to make a choice. The Senate to choose their President—Yeas 57. Nays 41. When trying impeachments the Senate may adjourn. Legislature to alter the mode of collecting votes.
C O U N S E L L O R S.
One to be chosen in each county by the people—plurality of votes to make a choice. Qualification, 500l. estate—and not to have a seat in the legislature.
W A G E S and T R A V E L.
Of the Members of both Houses to be paid out of the Treasury. No Member of Congress, or person holding an office under the United States, to hold the office of Governor, or sit in the legislature.
O A T H of A L L E G I A N C E.
The oath of allegiance to be altered to the following form: "I solemnly swear, that I will bear faith and true allegiance to the State of Newhampshire, and will support the Constitution thereof."
I N F E R I O R C O U R T.
The Inferior Court to be abolished—Yeas 55—Nays 31.
S E S S I O N S.
Not to be abolished—Yeas 37—Nays 59.
S U P R E M E C O U R T.
To be one Supreme Court, to have original jurisdiction of all causes above 4l.—Justices to have cognizance of causes of 4l. and under, except where title of land is concerned.
C O U R T S of E Q U I T Y.
To be established, or law courts invested with the power—not incompatible with the bill of rights—Jurisdiction to be limited by express laws—Yeas 72—Nays 26.
No member of the legislature to take FEES, or to be an advocate in any cause.
Journal of the Acts, Resolves and Votes for raising money to be printed, in lieu of the former mode of printing the journals.
The following are the motions which did not prevail. To alter the mean encreasing number in the choice of representatives from 300 to a smaller number.—Yeas 22—Nays 73.
The State to be divided into 60 districts each district to choose one representative.—Yeas 22—Nays 73.
To lessen the number of representatives.—Yeas 32—Nays 70.
To strike out "PROTESTANT RELIGION" in the qualification of representatives.—Yeas 33—Nays 51.
To erase the 6th article in the bill of rights in order to substitute another.—Yeas 14—Nays 88.
To alter one member's having the yeas and nays entered upon the journals; and requiring the motion to be seconded. Yeas 19—Nays 62.
The respectability of the committee to whom the foregoing resolutions are referred, to be moulded into form, must greatly raise the expectations of the public. Their profound knowledge of law and politics, must render them completely competent to the business assigned them.—We may therefore expect a very perfect system, after our constitution is corrected by such able hands.

NEW-YORK, October 1.
The Honorable Council of Appointment have appointed MARCUS WILLETT, Esquire, Sheriff of the City and County of New-York.
We learn that the THEATRE in John-street will be opened by the Old American Company, on Wednesday next, after having undergone a thorough repair, and rendered commodious and elegant.
WINCHESTER, September 24.
On Tuesday last the President of the United States, with his Lady, arrived, in good health, at Mount-Vernon.
OF SLEEP.—BY JOHN WESTLEY.
HEALTHY men require a little above six hours sleep; healthy women a little above seven in four and twenty. If any one desires to know exactly what quantity of sleep his own constitution requires, he may very easily make the experiment which I made about sixty years ago. I then waked every night about twelve or one, and lay awake for some time. I readily concluded, that this arose from being longer in bed than nature required. To be satisfied, I procured an alarum, which waked me the next morning at seven (near an hour earlier than I rose the day before) yet I lay awake again at night. The second morning I rose at six; but notwithstanding this, I lay awake the second night. The third morning I rose at five; but, nevertheless, I lay awake the third night. The fourth morning I rose at four, as, by the grace of God, I have done ever since. And I lay awake no more. And I do not now lie awake, taking the year round, a quarter of an hour together in a month. By the same experiment, rising earlier and earlier every morning, may one find how much sleep he really wants.
Philadelphia, October 5.
Friday the 30th September, the time limited by law for receiving Subscriptions to the Loan of the United States, expired. On that day, we are informed that Subscriptions for a Million Dollars were received, and the public offices were kept open till 12 o'clock at night.
The plan for funding the Continental Debt appears to have received a very general approbation—of the twenty-seven millions estimated in the report of the Secretary of the Treasury, upwards of twenty millions are already subscribed.
By the Schooner Hardy, Capt. Green, which sailed from Cape-Francois the 12th ult. and arrived here on Saturday last, we have received intelligence, that the mulattoes and free blacks have got fire-arms, &c. out of the King's store at the Cape, and done more execution against the black insurgents than the white inhabitants had been able to effect: above 3000 of the insurgents have been killed.
The embargo was taken off American vessels at the time of Capt. Green's sailing; but it was thought there would probably be another embargo laid in case the disturbances were not quieted.
The insurgents having beat off a sloop of war which was going round to seize some cannon at Port-au-Paix, several American sailors went on board the sloop, and fought bravely under the command of Captain Lillybridge.—It is said that the shot which was fired from the sloop of war, were picked up by the blacks and fired back again.
A letter from a respectable house in Cape-Francois to his correspondent in Philadelphia, expressly says, that 180 plantations have been destroyed.
Amongst all the hardships under which the whites now labour, it is a great consolation that they are not in want of provisions, and that there is sufficient for six months.
In addition to the above we learn, that great numbers of the women and children of the blacks had surrendered themselves at the Cape, where attempts had been made to set fire to the town, but were happily frustrated. Several of the blacks taken prisoners, previous to their execution declared that they were instigated to those attempts by some white men, who were concealed among the insurgents, and advised them to those measures as the best way to recover their liberty, &c. The blacks are armed with guns, pistols, swords, knives, and other instruments of destruction, and were collected in large bodies within three or four miles of Cape Francois, and were very desperate; but it was impossible to ascertain their numbers, which consisted only of such as were capable of offence, their women, children and old men not being permitted to stay near their camps.
LE LOGOGRAPHE, JOURNAL NATIONALE, a Paris Paper, contains a complete account of the debates of the National Assembly, taken in the mode described in a number of this paper some time ago. The following note follows the title of this publication.
"The debates of the National Assembly are literally taken for and preserved in this Journal, by the members of the Logographical Society; who, upon a report made to the National Assembly of the manner they have invented of writing as fast as words can be uttered, have obtained, by a decree of the same day, a place immediately opposite the tribune, whereby they perpetuate with perfect accuracy every word that falls from the Orator."
This paper, tho' printed daily, is sometimes swelled out to the size of eight folio pages each.
The plan for establishing manufactures upon an extensive scale, which has been lately submitted to the public consideration, meets with such general approbation, that the subscriptions already amount to much more than one half the sum proposed to be raised.
It is but a few years since the opinion was very common, that manufactures could not be established in this country on an extensive and profitable plan. The want of hands, and the temptations held out to the poor in the cheapness of our unsettled lands, it was supposed would for many years preclude the possibility of carrying on manufactures to advantage. It will however appear on a retrospective view of affairs, that the above were not the most formidable obstacles in the way of manufactures; not only new enterprizes were opposed by the wretched situation of the continental and state governments, but even those branches of mechanics and manufactures, with which we were fully acquainted, and to which long experience had proved our competency had declined; and had not an alteration taken place, our ship-carpenters, and the numerous trades and professions connected with the business of ship-building, would all have been obliged to emigrate from the United States; great numbers did actually go to the British settlements.
Good government, just laws, and a restoration of public credit, on these depended our salvation—on these depended every enterprize—and as soon as these were established, what has been the consequence? In some of the States several branches of manufacture are prosecuted with success, which it was once thought it would have been madness to have attempted—other branches are pursued in other States—and on trial, it is found that the quality of our fabrics is superior to European, while they can be afforded at as reduced prices as similar articles imported from abroad.—Experience will doubtless convince us, that we can extend our plan to a variety of articles; for, it will be found that in the coarser fabrics in particular, we pay more than they can be made and sold for in this country.
Translation of a letter from CAPE-FRANCOIS, dated September 11.
Since our last of the 22d ult. the face of things is quite changed here by an insurrection of the slaves, which broke out on the 23d, in this quarter, from Port Margot to Limonade, being an extent of twenty leagues. They set fire to all the houses, and butchered all the white people they found in them. Having rendered themselves masters of all the open country, they separated into bodies of three or four hundred each, pillaging themselves in different houses which serve them as places of refuge. The small number of troops we have to occupy several advantageous posts, which defend the city, does not allow us to do more than sally out against them from time to time, when they approach too near. If we had a greater number of regular troops, we might invest them in their lurking places. These savages are too numerous to be attacked; as they have obliged all the house-slaves, even against their will, to join them, and massacred such as attempted to make their escape. After having ravaged all the level, populous country, they made their way through many exterior settlements, and there the unfortunate few soon fell victims to their rage. They set fire to every thing on their way.
We have sent to the United States, to request the assistance of some troops to assist us in destroying these savages. But are we to expect them? We have sent also to Jamaica, and to the Spaniards. We wait with impatience for the return of our messengers, and earnestly hope they may bring us satisfactory answers. Our only security is this city, which is fortified and well guarded. At the commencement of these disturbances, our chief apprehensions were from our domestic slaves, who were in great numbers, and might perhaps be in league with the insurgents, to set fire to our houses. But our vigilance, by day and by night, has preserved us from their suspected designs. Several have however, been seized, and brought to justice. The others, who were not suspected, have nevertheless been put in a place of security. By means of this prudent precaution, we now enjoy greater tranquility.
At the first breaking out of these disturbances, a general embargo was laid upon all the vessels in the harbor, without distinction. For the present, our Assemblies, in concert with the Governor, have determined to permit as many of the American vessels to sail, as there should be new arrivals.
Friday last, both houses of the Legislature of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania adjourned sine die, having passed, during the session, 24 laws; among which are the following:
 An act affording relief to Dickenon Colleg.  An act to continue the act for transferring certain powers, formerly exercised by the Supreme Executive Council, also by the President or Vice-President thereof, to the Governor of this Commonwealth.  An act ratifying on behalf of Pennsylvania the first amendment proposed by Congress to the Constitution of the United States.  An act to repeal so much of every act or acts of Assembly of this State, as relates to the Collection of Excise duties.  An act to enable the Governor of this Commonwealth to incorporate a company for opening a canal and lock navigation, between the river Schuylkill and Susquehanna, by the waters of Tulpehocken, Quittapahilla and Swatara, in the counties of Berks and Dauphin.  An act to provide more effectually for the payment of the public debts and obligations.  An act to reimburse the Mayor, Aldermen, and Citizens of Philadelphia, and to the Commissioners of the County of Philadelphia, the expenses accrued in providing for the temporary accommodation of the President and Congress of the United States of North-America, in the City of Philadelphia, and to enable the Governor to make further provision for the accommodation of the said President.  An act to unite the University of the State of Pennsylvania, and College, Academy, and Charitable School of Philadelphia, in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania.  A supplement to the act, entitled, "An act to establish the judicial courts of this Commonwealth, in conformity to the alterations and amendments in the constitution." 
There are in every country pretenders to the public patronage who possess neither abilities or character to recommend them.
Such persons to the chagrin of honest men, often insinuate themselves into the favor of the
people by the aid of a brazen front, and a plausible knack in propagating falsehoods.
At the present day, superior light and information appear to direct the public mind; men are estimated by merit and abilities, not by mere professions—this being the case, the chance is against those whose whole stock of recommendatory qualifications consists in declaiming against a government whose administration has immediately realized the best wishes of the friends of our country, and opened the brightest prospects for posterity.
The Western Territory of the United States is said to contain 220,000,000 of acres, inferior in fertility, salubrity and conveniency, to no country upon earth.—What a fund for the future exigencies of our country!—May the wisdom of our government keep it from the grasp of unprincipled land-jobbers.
What an asylum for the oppressed! divided upon agrarian principles, what multitudes may here find freedom and support. America "opens wide her arms to embrace millions, and waits to crown all the industrious and virtuous with plenty and happiness."
Then hither come—reason's first law obey Self preservation—spurn tyrannic sway— Here Freedom lights her pure celestial fire, Which, but with time and nature shall expire.
Several of the States are placed in most eligible circumstances as Governments, in consequence of the happy restoration of the credit of the Union. Having large amounts of the public securities in their treasuries, they are now in the receipt of an interest which is almost sufficient to supercede the necessity of the imposition of taxes for the support of their respective Governments. Sound wisdom, and a just regard to the solid advantage of the people, will however lead to a different appropriation of the produce of these funds.—The support of their economical, republican forms of Government, can never be considered as a burthen—and the requisite contributions for this purpose, will always be cheerfully paid.—The continental funds of the State then can always be applied to the purposes of improving the roads and inland navigation, and in encouraging the agriculture and manufactures of the country.
The policy that would suggest the expedient of the State's divesting itself of these funds, is like that of a young heir, who to furnish himself with present pocket-money, cuts off the thrifty young wood from his extensive acres.
On Wednesday the 28th ult. was celebrated the annual Commencement of Princeton College (New-Jersey). The exercises of the day being concluded, the degree of Bachelor of Arts was conferred on the following young gentlemen:—Joseph Caldwell, John Noble, Jesse Taylor, Maltby Gellton, Richard Harwood, Stephen Wayne, John R. Bleeker, David Barclay, Francis Markoe, Samuel Sharp Dickinson, Ebenezer Rhea, James C. Roosevelt, Allen B. Ducket, John McCrady, Stevens J. Lewis, Ebenezer Peirson, Jacob Burnet, Elias Vanartsdalen, Peter Wikoff; and on Mr. Frederick Stone, Robert H. Gale, Henry Holiday, all of Maryland, and also Messieurs James Campbell, Henry and Robert I. Callaway, of Virginia, members of this class, who were absent. Mr. David Bogart of Columbia College, Bachelor of Arts, was admitted ad eundem . Mr. Leman Law, of Yale College, Bachelor of Arts, was admitted ad eundem . The degree of Master of Arts was conferred on Mr. James Thomson, James Imlay, Nathaniel Howell, Tredwell Smith, John Murray, Ralph Hunt, alumni of this College. And on
The Rev. Gerardus Arnest Kreyffers, one of the ministers of the Low Dutch Church, New-York. The degree of Doctor in Divinity was conferred on the Rev. John Newton, of St. Mary's, Woolmoth, London; the Rev. Moses Mather, of Middlesex, Connecticut; and on the Rev. John Jamieson, of Forfar, in Scotland. The degree of Doctor of Laws was conferred on the Hon. Thomas Jefferson, Esq. Secretary of State, and on the Hon. Alexander Hamilton, Esq. Secretary of the Treasury.
From PELOSI'S MARINE LIST.
ARRIVALS at the PORT of PHILADELPHIA.
  Brig Hetty, Drinker, Bourdeaux.   Sloop Hannah, Grantham, St. Eustatius.   Schooner Hardy, Green, Cape-Francois.   Hannah, Adams, Newburyport. 
PRICE CURRENT.—PUBLIC SECURITIES.
   FUNDED DEBT.     6 pr. Cents 20/6 pr. £. 102 1/2 pr. cent.   3 pr. Cents 11/4 11/6 57 1/2 do.   Deferred 6 pr. Cents 12/2 12/3 61 1/4 do.   UNFUNDED DEBT.   Final Sett. and other Certificates 18/6 92 1/2   Indents 10/6 52 1/2 do.   Bank Subscriptions, 133 134 Dollars.  
NOTIFICATION.
THE arrearages of Subscriptions for this GAZETTE amount at this time to upwards of Two Thousand Dollars.—The EDITOR flatters himself that no apology can be tho' necessary for earnestly requesting a compliance with the terms of subscription, in a speedy discharge of the sums due.—Those gentlemen of whom the papers are immediately received, are authorized to receipt for any payments that may be offered.
New-Haven Wharf Lottery.
THE MANAGERS of NEW-HAVEN WHARF LOTTERY, have unexpectedly received information from abroad, of a considerable number of Tickets yet unsold. This renders it necessary for them (in order to answer the design of the Lottery) to adjourn the drawing to Monday the 17th of October next, at which time the drawing will positively re-commence, and continue without interruption until finished.
New-Haven, Sept. 28, 1791.
N. B. The numbers already drawn, both prizes and blanks, will be published immediately, in hand-bills, and in the Connecticut Journal, for the information of those who wish to purchase Tickets now undrawn.