Gazette of the United-States. (New-York [N.Y.]), 1790-10-09 00:00:00

Gazette of the United States.
PUBLISHED WEDNESDAYS AND SATURDAYS BY JOHN FENNO, No. 41, BROAD-STREET, NEAR THE EXCHANGE, NEW-YORK.
[No. 52, of Vol. II.]
SATURDAY, OCTOBER 9, 1790.
[WHOLE No. 156.]
From the ENGLISH REVIEW FOR NOVEMBER, 1787.
[A Defence of the Constitutions of Government of the United States of America. By JOHN ADAMS, LL.D. and a Member of the Academy of Arts and Sciences at Boston.]
THE American revolution has produced many theories and speculations on government and politics. Legislators have started up in every part of Europe and America who wished to give laws to the new world, and to change the chaos of American anarchy into a regular and orderly system. It is much to be doubted, however, whether speculative politicians are fit to direct the affairs of men, or the lucubrations of the closet to form the model of public life. The most chimerical systems of legislation have been adopted and recommended by men of uncommon genius and extensive learning. The dreams and visions of Plato and Sir Thomas More, and even of Milton and Locke, are, in many parts, as wild and eccentric as the ravings of Bedlam. A philosopher may make successful experiments on air and electricity, may excel in algebraical calculations, may wander in the mazes of metaphysics, without being bewildered; nay, he may defend the principles of liberty and the rights of mankind with great abilities and much success; and, after all, when called upon to produce a plan of legislation, he may astonish the world with the aberrations of intellect and the vagaries of fancy. Mr. Locke, in 1663, was employed to compose a code of legislation for Carolina; with one stroke of his pen he committed the whole authority, legislative and executive, to the eight proprietors of the province. By this new oligarchical sovereignty he created at once three orders of nobility; barons with twelve thousand acres of land; caciques with twenty-four thousand; and landgraves with eighty thousand. Subjects were wanting to this ill-modelled government, the colony decayed, and the system of the philosopher perished in its absurdity.
Three writers in Europe, of abilities and reputation, M. Turgot, the Abbé de Mably, and Dr. Price, have turned their attention to the political constitutions of the United States of America, and have published to the world their speculations and their criticisms. Notwithstanding the pure intentions of the authors, the experience in public affairs acquired by one of them*, and the ample information concerning the nature of man and the science of government possessed by all, many sentiments occur in their works which it will be difficult to reconcile to reason, experience, the constitution of human nature, and the first principles of policy adopted by all enlightened nations, whether ancient or modern. M. Turgot in his letter to Dr. Price, acknowledges "that he is not satisfied with the constitutions that have hitherto been formed for the different States of America." He observes "that, by most of them, the customs of England have been imitated, without any particular motive. Instead of collecting all authority into one centre, that of the nation, they have established different bodies; a body of representatives, a council, and a governor; because there is in England a house of commons, a house of lords, and a king. They endeavor to balance these different powers, as if this equilibrium, which in England may be a necessary check to the enormous influence of royalty, could be of any use in republics founded upon the equality of all the citizens; and as if establishing different orders of men was not a source of divisions and disputes."
From the commencement of the revolution in America there has been a party in every State which entertained sentiments similar to those of M. Turgot. Two or three of them have established governments upon his principle; and proposals have been made in several States of America to depose the governor and senate as useless and expensive branches of the Constitution. As the opinion of M. Turgot contributed to excite these discords among the people, Mr. Adams held it a political and moral duty to examine his theory at great length; to call the experience of past ages to enlighten the present; and, from a wide and extended view of human affairs, to mark and ascertain those principles of legislation and government which give order, success, stability, and duration to political establishments and to civil society. The subject is certainly one of the most interesting that can engage the speculation
or prompt the decision of men. What combination of powers in society, or what form of government, is most likely to secure the establishment, and the impartial execution, of good and equal laws, so that the citizens may enjoy the benefit of them, and confide in their perpetuity, is an inquiry that equally concerns the philosopher and the citizen; for, whether the end of man, in this stage of existence, be enjoyment or improvement, or both, it can never be attained so well in a bad government as a good one.
The great and leading idea which runs through the ingenious and learned work of Mr. Adams is, that a mixture of the three powers, the regal, the aristocratical, and the democratical, properly balanced, composes the most perfect form of government, and secures the greatest degree of happiness to the greatest number of individuals.—This policy, indeed, appears to be the institution of nature. Vitruvius discovered the rudiments of architecture in the construction of a rustic cabin; and the historian or philosopher may trace the origin of the three powers in political society, in the rude governments of savage tribes. Every nation in North-America has a king, a senate, and an assembly of the people. The royal office is elective, but it is for life; the sacheims form the ordinary council, in which all the national affairs are deliberated and discussed; but, on great occasions, such as declaring war, the king and sacheims convoke a national assembly, and, after a solemn sacrifice, communicate their resolution to the people. Those who approve of the war, partake the sacrifice, throw the hatchet into the earth, after the example of the king, and join in the subsequent war-songs and dances, as a mark of their concurrence with the expedition. A similar form of policy prevailed among the ancient Greeks. "It is easy to observe from Homer," says Aristotle, "that the ancient governments of Greece were limited; the king proposed to the assembly of the people what beforehand had been concerted and resolved in the council of the chiefs." The political institutions of our German ancestors were formed on the same principle. "De minoribus rebus," says Tacitus, "principes consultant, de majoribus omnes; ita tamen ut ea quoque, quorum penes plebem arbitrium est, apud principes prætrahantur."
Among the ancients, the same Tacitus extols the form of government in which there is a chief or leader, a senate, and a popular assembly, tho' he doubts of its practicability and duration.—"Cunctas nationes, et urbes, populus aut priores, aut singuli, regunt. Delecta ex his et constituta reipublicæ forma, laudari facilius quam inveniri; vel si evenit, haud diuturna esse potest." Cicero is decided in giving the same preference: "Statuo esse optime constitutam rempublicam, quæ ex tribus generibus illis, regali, optimo et populari, modice confusa est." Polybius and Dionysius of Halicarnassus give their testimony to the same doctrine, and affirm that the most perfect form of government is that which consists of an equal mixture of monarchy, aristocracy, and democracy.
The observation of M. Turgot, that "the customs of England are imitated in most of the new constitutions in America, without any particular motive," is shewn by Mr. Adams to be without foundation. Supposing that the English customs were merely indifferent, the people by their birth, education, and habits, were familiarly attached to them; and this surely was a particular motive for their preservation, rather than endanger the public tranquility or unanimity by renouncing them. A division of power was adopted by the states, consisting of a body of representatives, a council, and a governor, not because the legislature in England consisted of three branches, a house of commons, a house of lords, and a king, but because their own assemblies had been so constituted from time immemorial; and besides their attachment from habit, the conclusions of reason led them to the conviction that it was founded in nature, and conducive to public good.
* Some editions read "pertrahantur," which loses the idea of Tacitus altogether. † Annal. lib. iv.
‡ Cicero. Fragm. de Republica. (To be continued.)
LONDON.
ACCOUNT of the late Mr. JOHN LEDYARD, a CELEBRATED TRAVELLER.
MR. LEDYARD was an American by birth, and seemed from his youth to have felt an invincible desire to make himself acquainted with
unknown or imperfectly discovered regions of the globe. For several years he had lived with the Indians of America, had studied their manners and had practised in their school the means of obtaining their protection, and of recommending himself to the favour of savages. In the humble situation of corporal of marines, to which he submitted rather than relinquish his pursuit, he had made with Captain Cook the voyage round the world, and feeling on his return an anxious desire of penetrating from the North-western coast, which Cook had partly explored, to the eastern coast with which he himself was perfectly familiar, he determined to traverse the vast continent from the Pacific to the Atlantic Ocean. His first plan for the purpose was that of embarking in a vessel which was prepared to sail on a voyage of commercial adventure to Nootka Sound; on the western coast of America; and in this view he expended in sea stores the greatest part of the money which his chief benefactor Sir Joseph Banks, (whose generous conduct the writer of this narrative has often heard him acknowledge) had liberally supplied. But the scheme being frustrated by the rapacity of a custom house officer, who had seized and detained the vessel for reasons which on legal enquiry, proved to be frivolous, he determined to travel overland to Kamtschatka, from whence the passage to the western coast of America is extremely short. With not more than ten guineas in his purse, which was all that he had left, he crossed the British Channel to Ostend, and by that of Denmark and the Sound proceed to the capital of Sweden; from whence as it was winter, he attempted to traverse the Gulph of Bothnia on the ice, in order to reach Kamtschatka by the shortest way; but finding when he came to the middle of the sea that the water was not frozen, he returned to Stockholm, and taking his course northward, walked into the Arctic circle, and passing round the head of the Gulph, descended on its eastern side to Petersburg.
There he was soon noticed as an extraordinary man. Without stockings or shoes, and too much poverty to provide himself with either, he received and accepted an invitation to dine with the Portuguese Ambassador. To this invitation it was probably owing that he was able to obtain the sum of twenty guineas for a bill on Sir Joseph Banks, which he confessed he had no authority to draw, but which, in consideration of the business that he had undertaken, and of the progress that he made, Sir Joseph, he believed, would not be unwilling to pay. To the Ambassador's interest it might also be owing that he obtained permission to accompany a detachment of stores which the Empress had ordered to be sent to Yakutz, for the use of Mr. Billings, an Englishman at that time in her service.
Thus accommodated he travelled eastward through Siberia 6000 miles to Yakutz, where he was kindly received by Mr. Billings, whom he remembered on board Capt. Cook's ship in the situation of Astronomer's servant, but to whom the Empress had now entrusted the scheme of northern discovery.
From Yakutz he proceeded to Oczackow, on the coast of the Kamtschatka sea; from whence he meant to have passed over to that peninsula, and to have embarked on the eastern side in one of the Russian vessels, that trade to the western shores of America; but finding that the navigation was completely obstructed by the ice, he returned again to Yakutz, in order to wait the conclusion of the winter.
Such was his situation, when, in consequence of suspicions not hitherto explained, or resentments for which no reason is assigned, he was seized in the Empress's name, by two Russian soldiers, who placed him in a sledge, and conveying him in the depth of winter through the desarts of the northern Tartary, left him at last on the frontiers of the Polish dominions. As they parted, they told him that if he returned to Russia he would certainly be hanged; but if he chose to go back to England, they wished him a pleasant journey.
In the midst of poverty, covered with rags, invested with the usual accompaniment of such clothing, worn with continual hardship, exhausted by disease, without friends, without credit, unknown, and full of misery, he found his way to Konigsburg. There, in the hour of his utmost distress, he resolved once more to have recourse to his old benefactor; and he luckily
New York reader

found a person who was willing to take his draft for five guineas on the President of the Royal Society.
With this assistance he arrived in England, and immediately waited on Sir Joseph Banks, who told him, knowing his temper, that he believed he could recommend him to an adventure almost as perilous as the one from which he had returned; and then communicated to him the wishes of the association for discovering the inland countries of Africa.
Mr. Ledyard replied, that he had always determined to traverse the continent of Africa, as soon as he had explored the interior parts of North America; and as Sir Joseph had offered him a letter of introduction, he came direct to the writer of these memoirs. Before I had learnt from the note the name and business of my visitor, I was struck with the manliness of his person, the breadth of his chest, the openness of his countenance, and the inquietude of his eye. I opened the map of Africa before him, and tracing a line from Cairo to Sennar, and from thence westward in the latitude and supposed direction of the Niger, I told him that was the route by which I was anxious that Africa might, if possible, be explored. He said he should think himself singularly fortunate to be entrusted with the adventure. I asked him when he would set out? — To-morrow morning was his answer.
On this grand Adventure Mr. Ledyard left London on June 30th, 1788, and reached Cairo, in Egypt, on the 19th of August, from whence he transmitted such accounts to his employers as plainly showed he was a traveller of observation and reflection, endowed with a soul for discovery, and formed for achievements of hardihood and peril. He had promised his next communication for Sennar, about 600 miles south of Cairo; but death put an end to the hopes that were entertained of his projected journey.
We shall conclude this short sketch with Mr. Ledyard's character of the female sex: "I have always remarked that women, in all countries, are civil, obliging, tender and humane; that they are ever inclined to be gay and cheerful, timorous and modest; and that they do not hesitate, like men, to perform a generous action. Not haughty, arrogant, nor supercilious, they are full of courtesy, and fond of society; more liable in general to err than man, but generally more virtuous, and performing more good actions than he. To a woman, either civilized or savage, I never addressed myself in the language of decorum and friendship, without receiving a decent and friendly answer—with men it has been otherwise."
"In wandering over the barren plains, of inhospitable Denmark, through honest Sweden, and frozen Lapland, rude and churlish Finland, unprincipled Russia, and the wide spreading regions of the wandering Tartar:—If hungry, dry, cold, wet, or sick, the women have ever been friendly to me and uniformly so; and to add to this virtue (so worthy of the appellation of benevolence) these actions have been performed in so free and so kind a manner, that if I was dry, I drank the sweetest draught—and if hungry, I eat the coarsest morsel with a double relish."
[It may not be unacceptable to those who feel the pride of enterprise, to know, that Mr. John Ledyard was an American, born at Groton, in Connecticut; his grand father was a native of Bristol, in England, his father, Mr. John Ledyard died when his children were young, who were John, Thomas, George and Fanny—our bold traveller was the eldest, who was taken by his grandfather, John Ledyard, Esq. to Hartford, and received a Latin and English school education—his patron died, and left him at 18 years old, afloat to follow the bent of his own inclination. Possessed of a vigorous imagination, and a heart susceptible of benevolent impressions, he embraced the study of religion, that breathes good will to man, to give full scope to those affections. I, who was acquainted with his mind's-eye, am clear that no wayward thought hostile to the peace of any individual, ever found a welcome there—his whole life evinces it, as it may be truly said, to have been spent to benefit mankind, from which, he could not be diverted by hunger, cold or peril. To have the advantage of books and instruction, he went to Dartmouth College; and here it was, he learned the manners of the Aborigines, and those means of recommending himself to their favor, which rendered him so serviceable to Capt. Cook in his voyages of discovery. He quitted this Academy after finding that his means would not enable him to go through the usual course of Academic studies; he left Dartmouth without a shilling in his pocket, and from that moment, seemed to have devoted himself to those objects, in which his life has been spent. Not having money for the journey to Hartford, by land, he built a canoe 50 feet long, by 3 feet breadth—after raising a booth of willow bushes over her stern, and receiving some dried venison and a few bear skins on board, which made up all his sea stores. He embarked for Hartford, where he arrived safe, to the astonishment of those who reflected upon the fatigue and hazard of navigating in an open boat, a rapid river, upwards of 140 miles, with which he was totally unacquainted.]
After a short stay at Hartford, he worked his passage to New-York, and shipped before the mast for London, in 1771, when quitting that employer, he entered a corporal of Marines to Capt. Cook, for the voyage, to the N. W. coast of America; he was present at the tragical death of Capt. Cook, at Owhyhee, by which accident Mr. Ledyard often said, he lost his best friend. After an absence of ten years, and supposed dead, by his friends, he returned in 1781, to America in a British frigate, which being ordered into Huntington harbor, Long-Island, to refit. Mr. Ledyard embraced this opportunity to join his friends, and crossed the sound in a boat. During this visit, he published the principal facts of Capt. Cook's voyage, before that splendid relation of it came out in England, though many occurrences were omitted for want of his journal, which he was obliged to give up to the board of admiralty—he likewise offered his services to several mercantile companies to conduct a commercial voyage to the N. W. coast of America; but failing of success, he embarked in 1782, for Europe, since which time, to his death, at grand Cairo in Egypt, the London accounts of him are corroborated by letters to his friends.
He was bold as a lion, and gentle as he was bold. The most formidable discouragements seemed but to add fresh vigour to his mind, and fit him for harder enterprise.]
[The following beautiful LINES were written by Mr. CUMBERLAND, on the Marriage of Miss Sackville to Mr. Herbert.]
YE solemn pedagogues, who teach A language by eight parts of speech, Can any of you all impart A rule to conjugate the heart? Grammarians did you ever try To construe and expound the eye? And from the Syntax of the face Decline its gender and its case? What said the nuptial tear that fell From fair Eliza, can you tell? And yet it spoke upon her cheek As eloquent as tear could speak.— "Here, at God's altar as I stand, To plight my vows, and yield my hand, With faltering tongue whilst I proclaim The cession of my virgin name; Whilst in my ear is read at large The Rubrick's stern unsoften'd charge, Spare me (the silent pleader cries,) Ah spare me, ye surrounding eyes! Usher'd amidst a blaze of light, Whilst here I pass in public light, Or kneeling by a father's side, Renounce the daughter for the bride; Ye sisters, to my soul so dear, Say, can I check the rising tear? When at this awful hour I cast My memory back on time that's past, Ungrateful were I to forbear This tribute to a father's care; For all he suffer'd, all he taught, Is there not due some tender thought? And may not one fond tear be given To a dear faint that rests in heaven? And you to whom I now betroth, In sight of heaven, my nuptial oath; Who to nobility of birth True honor join, and native worth, If my according bosom draws One sigh, misconstrue not the cause; Trust me, though weeping, I rejoice, And, blushing, glory in my choice."
FROM THE MASSACHUSETTS MAGAZINE.
FOR SEPTEMBER, 1790.
A TALE,
In imitation of PETER PINDAR.
SOME people have a taste that's something strange, And think it must be pleas'd at any rate, Nature in others, they suppose may change, Its whims in them, on no such reas'nings wait.
II.
Of this plain principle, the following story, For illustration's sake, I'll lay before ye.
III.
A YANKEE and a FRENCHMAN once at table met, Midst roots and vegetables in chequer'd state, A platter furnish'd with fat pork appear'd, And eke a monstrous jug, for what the Frenchman never heard
IV.
The Yankee took the jug, sans ceremonie, And having drawn the gluey corn-cob cork, He pour'd and trail'd the 'lasses o'er the pork, And then sat down to eat. The Frenchman stretch'd his wond'ring eyes and rose, Lugg'd out his box of best rappee, He did not want it for his nose, But pepper'd well the meat. While with sarcastic shrug, he gave this huff, "You love de 'lasses far, me love de snuff."
MORAL.
De gustibus, non est disputandum.
THE TABLET.
No. CXLVI.
"The strongest tint, in the complexion of the human character, may be sometimes formed by a circumstance, or event apparently casual."
HOW much of the difference of character, we behold in men, is to be attributed to accident, and how much to original cast of disposition, is a question that cannot, in any given instance, be accurately solved. A combination of circumstances, merely adventitious, operate in forming the propensities which characterize every individual. Perhaps the mind of every person is predisposed to cherish certain impressions more readily than others, and when an accident occurs that coincides with the natural bent of temper, it heightens its strength and permanency. On the other hand, events purely accidental may produce a change in our original bias, and raise associations that turn the current of our affections from the point to which they were aiming. It is observed of Dean Swift that he had so irritable a temper, as gave to the slightest disappointment a most excruciating sting. In a letter to Lord Bolingbroke he expresses himself in the following terms. 'I remember when I was a boy, I felt a great filth at the end of my line, which I drew up almost on the ground, but it dropt in, and the disappointment vexes me to this very day, and I believe it was the type of all my future disappointments.' Had the Dean succeeded in taking the fish, and had he met with several lucky incidents soon after, it probably had changed his propensity to gloom and peevishness, by exciting such feelings of good humor and serenity as would gradually have acquired the force of habit, and
given quite a different complexion to his character. An elegant writer speaking of that affair, makes the following remarks, after mentioning the disappointment relative to the fish.
"This little incident, perhaps, gave the first wrong exercise to a mind, predisposed to such impressions; and by operating so long and so forcibly, might possibly lay the foundation of the Dean's subsequent peevishness, pallion, misanthropy and final insanity."
The same author mentions many instances of the lasting associations that are produced by accidental circumstances, and which may have a very forcible impression in directing the efforts of the understanding and the feelings of the heart, differently from the course they had taken, previous to such accidents. Among other instances the following is a pertinent one. "Dr. Conyers Middleton, one of the most learned, various and elegant writers of the present age, is said to have been much more addicted, in the early part of life, to music, than to science. But he was roused from his favorite amusement, and stimulated to the closest application to study, by a sarcasm of his rival and enemy, the celebrated Dr. Bently who stigmatized him with the name of fiddler. And indignation made him eager to convince the Doctor and the world, that he could write as well as fiddle; a conviction, of which his opponent had, afterwards, the most painful experience."
The death of a friend, and other heavy afflictions sometimes give a gloomy cast to the mind, and lead it into a train of melancholy reflections; which, if not counteracted by incidents that promote cheerfulness, may become habitual. It is of the highest importance that people guard themselves against that association of ideas which particular events may create. By indulging a train of feelings that are excited accidentally, they diffuse themselves through the whole life and character. One man is thus rendered passionate and peevish; another gloomy and discontented, and a third capricious and inconstant. Had either of them carefully watched over the impressions when they were first raised, they could easily have escaped the habits which became so durable and pernicious.
Latest European Intelligence.
LONDON, August 23.
YESTERDAY afternoon the signal for all Captains was displayed on board the Queen Charlotte, Lord Howe's flag ship which was instantly obeyed.
This morning his Lordship threw out the signal for sailing—Preparations were immediately made by every ship in the fleet. By ten o'clock, A. M. many of them were unmoored; and at three P. M. the whole fleet was clear of the bay.
Never were orders obeyed with greater alacrity, or with more universal good will; for no sooner were the directions given to man the capterns, than the exulting shouts of the sailors bespoke a ready concurrence; and never before, perhaps had the boatswains less to do in the weighing of an anchor.
An officer, from a vessel arrived in the offing, went yesterday on board the Queen Charlotte, with intelligence that they had seen the Spanish fleet a few days before, in the bay of Biscay, and that it consisted of upwards of thirty sail of the line, besides frigates, &c. &c.
We know not whether this circumstance hastened the motions which immediately followed, but it had not taken place an hour before the signal was made for all the captains.
Six o'clock, P. M.—The whole fleet have now doubled the start; the wind has veered considerable to the Northward, and they are now standing down channel with a fine breeze.
Each Captain has sealed orders, and from their course, when they passed Bury-head, they seemed bound westward. It is believed their destination is to cruise between Brest and Cadiz.
Our fleet having sailed from Torbay, the conjectures respecting their destination are various. Among other reports it has been currently said, that administration were apprehensive of a junction of the French and Spanish fleets, and ordered out our fleet to prevent it. Some letters received in town this morning assert, that the Spanish fleet is already in Brest water.
The following information was brought by the French mail of yesterday, and is part of a letter from Genoa.
"From the day the new created Emperor of Morocco ascended the throne, he manifested the most violent despotism, though it was said he assured all the different powers of his intention to keep up that harmony which his father established. Yet notwithstanding such profession, this monster, from some misunderstanding or false report, took umbrage at the Spanish Consul, and to be revenged, had him put into a large cask, and ordered that he should be rolled about the streets of Sallee in this manner until he expired."
PARIS, August 1.
LIBERTY OF THE PRESS.
The decree of yesterday, relative to the prosecution of the two defamers of the Legislative body, had too precipitately passed without observation upon its generality, as inclusive of every offence of that nature.
M. Rabaud de St. Etienne rose with much warmth, to deprecate the evils of a decree so fatal to all liberty of sentiment.—"Let us not, "I "conjure ye, plunge the Nation into the perils of "Constructive Libels:—I insist upon the immediate reversal of the decree, or if, notwithstanding its manifold mischiefs, it must subsist, the "Assembly should moderate the measure by the "establishment of a Trial by Jury, as the only "mode of preserving the people from iniquitous "decision, and freedom from a fatal wound."

M. Brilliard Savarin stating forcibly the troubles at Lyons, as originating from a Libellous Pamphlet, the Assembly unhappily negatived the excellent motion of M. St. Etienne, by passing to the order of the day—thus demolishing at once their ground of pre-eminence among the nations, and sealing up by impending prosecutions, the sources of free discussion, and detecting investigation; and establishing in one short hour, what the labours of servility upon the bench of another country have been exerted near a century to effect, and have at last fatally accomplished.
THE FAMILY COMPACT.
Extracted from the Debates of the National Assembly of France on Monday last.
THE President read a letter from M. Montmorin to the following purport :
“ The King commanded me last May to lay before the Assembly the reasons which made it necessary to order an equipment of 14 sail of the line, which measure the Assembly approved. I must now lay before them the reasons which seem to make it necessary to encrease this armament which is in perfect readiness.—It is prudent that we should have an equal force with Great Britain, who is hastening her's with all possible activity. The King of Spain has claimed the execution of the Treaty with Great Britain, and his Ambassador here claims that of the Family Compact. The King therefore has thought proper to bring this demand of the Spanish Ambassador before the Assembly for its deliberation.
“ The Assembly will have two points to deliberate upon. 1st, The augmentation of the armaments necessary to be made : and 2d. The answer given to the Court of Madrid.”
Besides the above letters from M. Montmorin, another from the Count Fernanda Nunez, the Spanish Ambassador at Paris, to M. de Montmorin, was likewise read. It is dated the 7th of June, and after mentioning the negotiation going on with England, concludes thus :
“ The speedy and exact execution of the Treaty, signed at Paris 15th August 1761, under the title of the Family Compact, becomes now an indispensable preliminary, in order to be able to treat with success, and it is on account of the absolute necessity of having recourse to the assistance of France, that the King, my Master, orders me to DEMAND expressly what France, in its present situation, can do for the aid of Spain ?
“ According to the mutual engagements, his Catholic Majesty desires that the armaments, and other measures suitable to fulfil these sacred engagements, be immediately put in execution.
“ He charges me to add, that the present state of this unexpected affair requires an immediate determination ; and that the measures which the Court of France shall take to furnish assistance, shall be so active, so clear, and so positive, as not to leave the smallest ground for suspicion or distrust ; otherwise, his Most Christian Majesty ought not to be surprised if Spain shall seek other Friends and other Allies, amongst all the other Powers of Europe, without excepting any one, upon whom it may depend in time of need.
“ The ties of consanguinity and personal friendship, which unite our Sovereigns, and the reciprocal interest which exist between the two Nations, will be always as much attended to in these new arrangements as circumstances will permit.”
Mr. Fitzherbert's letter to the Count de Florida Blanca at Madrid was then read. It expresses a desire of peace, explains the ground of complaint on account of the detention of two English ships in Nootka Bay, and observes that Great Britain has made no reprisals. He demands,
 1st. A restitution of the ships.  2d. An indemnification of the damages sustained, and  3dly. Satisfaction for the injury done to the English Flag. 
The Spanish Ambassador's answer, begins by shewing the uncertainty of the injury done to the English ships ;—that they had been detained in places belonging to Spain by virtue of treaties. His Catholic Majesty had nevertheless submitted to make good the injury sustained should it appear that there has been any, and that the English Captains had not been the aggressors.
These papers were referred to the Committee for managing foreign affairs.
BOSTON, September 30.
Extract of a letter from St. John's (N. B.) Sep. 14.
On Thursday last the Assizes and Court of Oyer, Terminer, and General Goal delivery, for the city and county of St. John, was opened by Mr. Justice Allen, and Mr. Justice Upham. At the assizes were only two actions of importance, the one was brought to recover £.500 being the penalty of an arbitration bond for non-compliance with the award, in which John Harvey was Plaintiff, and Benedict Arnold, Esq. Defendant ; the trial lasted 7 hours, when the Jury brought in a verdict for the Plaintiff with £.275 damages.—Counsel for the Plaintiff Mr. Hardy,—for the defendant the Attorney General, and Mr. Chipman.
The other was the much talked of case for Defamation, wherein the same Benedict Arnold, Esq. was Plaintiff, and Monson Hayt, Defendant—damages laid at £.5000. The trial lasted from a little after nine on Saturday morning, to two o'clock on Sunday morning, when the Jury withdrew, and yesterday morning brought in a verdict for the Plaintiff with 20s. damages.—Counsel for the Plaintiff the Attorney General and Mr. Chipman ; for the Defendant, Mr. Hardy, Mr. Campbell, and Mr. Ludlow.
NEW-YORK, OCTOBER 9.
The master of a vessel who arrived at Philadelphia, in 36 days from Corunna, reports, that a terrible fire broke out in Madrid, which had consumed a very considerable part of that city. The Spanish fleet was cruising off Cape Finisterre when the Captain left Spain.
At the storming of Czettin by the Russians, 2000 Turks were killed.—Spain according to accounts from that kingdom has no idea of paying the British bill of costs in equipping their fleet ; why should they ? The British would laugh at such a demand on the part of Spain ; the case is vice versa without doubt.
According to the convention laid to be signed between Austria and Prussia, the former is to abandon all its conquests from the Turks, and to renounce its alliance with Russia ; hard terms indeed ! FREDERIC is to receive for this successful interposition 10,000,000 piastres from the porte.
The electors of Emperor for the German Empire began to assemble at Frankfort the 20 July.
The Spanish and English fleets being at sea, something important may be daily expected from the Eastern hemisphere ; important to the parties immediately engaged—how much so to the United States time may unfold.
The idea thrown out by Dr. Price of an alliance between France and England, was taken up in the national assembly—and M. C. de LAMETH suggested the propriety of addressing the people of England through the Revolution Society ; this was objected to by several members as being neither judicious nor patriotic—as England is not governed by a club, but by a parliament.
The English papers state that the French have at Brest 25 sail of the line ready for sea.
The Frenchman who attempted to assassinate Count Florida Blanca was executed at Madrid on the 18 August.
The English papers give an account of a drenching enterprize at Brightelmstone, in which Lord Barrymore and a royal Duke sustained the most conspicuous parts. A large sum of money being deposited by the parties : he that could wade the furthest into the water with his cloaths on was to take the whole. Barrymore beat the Duke.—Such are the noble and royal pastimes of Britain's rising hopes !
An indiscriminate publication, in American papers, of English articles of news and politics, is supposed to be generally reprobated ; but fact and experience prove that this is not the case : For the English papers contain an infinity of conjectures, suppositions, and totally baseless fabrications, and very few facts ; yet it is apparent that the printers of those American gazettes, who dish up the largest quantity of the heterogeneous mass, find the occasion in it—There is one reflection which is excited on the occasion, not of the most pleasing kind, and that is, that this taste indicates either that we feel too much interested in the concerns of that country, or that we have imbibed too strong a disposition to be pleased with frivolity.
Very few English newspapers are independent, and very little that is conveyed through the medium of party is pure, true, or honorable ; a free paper is generally understood there to be, one that is full of abuse of the powers that be, or of those who think for themselves, or of the party in whose cause it undertakes : You may read such publications till your eyes fail, and never be a whit the wiser ; many such are the sources from whence the American fount of European news and politics is supplied : In respect to the French revolution, what a gloomy aspect is thrown upon it by the latest English accounts. While that nation appears to be excelling in the progress of their Constitution ; while the people are as one man uniting and rejoicing in the benign influence of a free government, and swearing in the most solemn manner to support their rights and privileges, we are told that M. Fayette is their King, General, and Supreme Legistator, that he is the implacable enemy of M. D'Orleans, and will bring him to the block, or confiscate his large possessions, that discontent distracts the empire, that the King of Sardinia is on the point of invading the kingdom, and that the refugees, with the Prince de Condé at their head, has assembled an army to second his efforts, that the permitting the Austrians to march thro' part of France, is admitting an enemy into their country, who will effect a counter-revolution, that the King's sickness is mere finesse to facilitate an elopement from the kingdom, and in short, that the prospects of the revolutionists are dark, gloomy and dreadful ; but there is one circumstance, that is really not easy to be accounted for, and that is, while many British characters are nobly engaged in fighting the cause of freedom in the low countries, as volunteers and officers of distinction in the Belgic service, their countrymen, the Editors of the British newspapers are perpetually venting their spleen against the patriots, in a series of four, ill-natured paragraphs ; it is very rare that a commendatory sentence escapes their pens—What advantage can Americans derive from such opinionated self-sufficient egotists ?
An elegant writer in the Poughkeepsie Journal of 2d inst. whose productions we conjecture, have before contributed to the entertainment of our readers, concludes some very judicious remarks on the French Revolution in the following words : “ In the latter part of the 17th century, when the remains of French liberty were extinguished under the despotic monarchy of Louis 14th, the condition of the kingdom was however vastly mended, and its reputation carried to the highest pitch by the acts of peace, and the achievements of war ; but his intolerant spirit banished a vast body of his industrious subjects, and his inordinate ambition kindled wars ruinous to his own people, and dangerous to the liberties of Europe. In our day they have completely recovered their civil and religious rights, and by a grand association have sworn to maintain them. How distantly the comparative merit of those ages is marked between the inhuman government of Catherine and her sons, the magnificence of Louis XIV, and the freedom of the National Assembly ? It remains only to be wished that their zeal may be so tempered by moderation, and their reasoning so corrected by experimental wisdom, as to lead them to fix a constitution so adjusted in all its parts, as to stand firm and perpetual by the energy of its own principles.”
PRICE CURRENT.—PUBLIC SECURITIES.
FINAL SETTLEMENTS 12 1/2 a 12 3/4.
INDENTS 7 1/2. a 7 3/4.
STATE SECURITIES 8/.
ARRIVALS SINCE OUR LAST.—NEW-YORK.
 Brig Mary, Burnham, Liverpool, 40 days.  Thomas, Port-au-Prince, 22  Schooner Dove, Akin, Richmond, 4  Deborah, Shelburne,  Sloop Charles, White, Norfolk, 4. 
The commissioners of New York and Vermont have amicably adjusted the important business of their mission ; the result is, that Vermont is dismembered from the state of New-York, and the New-Hampshire grants, so called, are acknowledged to be valid. Thus the way is open for the admission of Vermont into the Federal Union.
One Farmer on the Eastern shore of Maryland has sold from the produce of his own farm the last crop, twelve thousand bushels of Wheat ; and had one thousand bushels left for the use of his own family.
A number of gentlemen in Virginia have agreed to make Congress a compliment of four hundred acres of good land in the vicinity of Georgetown, to be laid out in lots for the use of the federal buildings.
We are informed that the Census of Philadelphia is completed, and that that city is found to contain FIFTY THREE THOUSAND INHABITANTS.
A Charity Sermon is to be preached in the old Presbyterian Church to-morrow evening, for the benefit of the newly erected School in Nassau Street ; the principal dependence under providence for the support of this important institution, being on the beneficence of such as are charitably disposed.
A correspondent observes, that independent of the objection to the precariousness of a casual support for such necessary and highly important institutions as Seminaries of Learning, it may justly be queried, Whether the children of a Free Republic ought to depend on charity for that education, which is absolutely requisite to render them good members of society, and spirited assertors of the rights of man. It may safely be asserted that the principles of Republicanism are not fully understood, where a community does not make such provision for the education of all, as that all may enjoy an equal chance to acquire competent attainments, and a right to participate of the blessings of knowledge, which ought to be as free as air. But where no other provision is made, charity pleads with irresistible energy with the benevolent.
“ Envy will merit as its shade pursue.”
It has been surmised that some person in the United States has it in contemplation to publish an American System of Geography : This has been assigned as the cause of several libelous attacks on the highly useful and well executed performance of Mr. Morse—a work that has met with very general approbation from a discerning public, as is evinced by the rapid sale of a very large impression : A second edition is contemplated, when no doubt its real inaccuracies will be corrected : A work of this kind is peculiarly liable to imperfections : In British publications of a similar kind, we find from the first to the twentieth edition, every one is published with revisions, corrections, enlargements and improvements.
A correspondent would suggest the propriety of two or three month's notice being given by the Treasurer of the United States, to the holders of Public Securities, in which time they should send in their proposals of sale—at a given period, purchases to a certain amount to be made ; this would give an equal chance to the government and to the creditors in all parts of the union.
Extract of a letter from Philadelphia, dated Oct. 4.
“ Captain Fitzpatrick arrived here yesterday from Amsterdam, and had on board 80,000 dollars in specie—40,000 to a house in this city, the remainder for a merchant in New-York. The presumption is, that the whole is to be invested in the debt of the United States.”
Every 100 dollars continental debt, with three years interest due thereon, will produce an interest of 5 1/2 per cent. Is it not astonishing that prudent and intelligent people will sell such debt at 12 1/2 in the pound, when there is a moral certainty of the interest being paid regularly every quarter year ? The debt of England bearing such an interest, is worth at least 140 per cent. or twenty-eight shillings in the pound.
The debt of England is at least 300 million pounds sterling.
The debt of the United States including state debts not 20 million pounds sterling.”
On Wednesday being the day of Commencement, at Princeton College, (New-Jersey), the Latin salutatory oration was delivered by William Johnson, of S. Carolina ; the English salutatory by John Taylor, and the valedictory by Ezekiel Pickens, both of that State.
Oration were also delivered by Daniel Bell of Pennsylvania, by Armstead Churchill of Virginia ; and by George Shafford Woodhull of Monmouth—the subjects of disputation were—1st. Whether formality be advantageous to any character—2d. Whether sensual pleasures, when indulged to a criminal degree can ever compensate the pains they create—3d. Whether the present mode of education, so remote apparently from the ordinary business of the world, be a proper discipline to train up young persons for its active employments—4th. Whether profane swearing be consistent with the character of a polite man more than a religious man—the disputes were carried on by William A. Harvey of Bermuda, John Ruan of Santa Cruz. William Hanna of Alexandria, Israel Harris of Deerfield. William Mathews of South Carolina, and by Messrs. Bell, Churchill, William Johnson and Woodhull—The degree of Bachelor of arts was conferred on the above named young gentlemen and on three others who were necessarily absent—Thomas Young of South Carolina, John Purdie of Virginia, and Robert Johnson of Salem. The degree of Master of Arts was conferred on ten gentlemen alumni of this College and on Mr. Gillet of Dartmouth College.
The degree of Doctor of Laws, was conferred on the following gentlemen—David Hume, Esq. Professor of Scotch Law, in the University of Edinburgh, nephew of the Historian of that name ; John Robinson, A. M. Professor of natural Philosophy in the University, and general Secretary of the Royal Society of Edinburgh ; the honorable James Kinsey, Esq. Chief justice of the state of New Jersey ; and on Monsieur Neckar and Monsieur de la Fayette.—The honorable Oliver Elsworth, Doctor of Laws of Yale College, was admitted ad Eundem .

DISCOURSES ON DAVILA.
No. XXI.—CONCLUDED.
My foul aches, To know, when two authorities are up, Neither supreme, how soon confusion May enter 'twixt the gap of both, and take The one by the other. SHAKESPEAR.
THE Constable, whom the court affected to urge less, because he was in a place where he might be more easily compelled, had commenced his journey with more confidence in appearance, but in reality with more precaution. He had not abetted the discontented but with his counsels, which only tended to demand justice of the States, without plotting conspiracies, or exciting insurrections. A refusal to go to court might fortify the suspicions conceived against him: He therefore employed artifice and dissimulation, to delay his arrival and regulate his proceedings by the example of the Princes. Arrived at Paris, he pretended to be attacked with the gout, and returned to Chantilly to re-establish his health. He again attempted to proceed, but under the pretext that the change of air and the motion of the carriage incommoded him, which his advanced age rendered plausible enough, he travelled by little day's journeys, frequently by cross ways, at a distance from the great road, where he made long delays, to prolong the time, till the arrival of the Princes. His sons, in persuading him to hasten his march, represented to him, that neither the Queen-mother nor the Guises would ever dare to attempt any thing against a man, so respected as he was in the kingdom. The Constable, instructed by experience, answered them, that the ministry could govern the state at its pleasure, and without opposition, though they seemed to be preparing for themselves a formidable one, by calling the States General. That this conduct involved some mysterious intrigue, which he should be able to unveil, with a little patience. This judicious reflection abated the ardor of the young Lords, and the Constable continued to temporize.
Nevertheless the King of Navarre and the Prince of Condé had been received on the frontiers by the Marshal de Thermes, who, under the pretext of paying them the honors due to their rank, followed them with a large body of Cavalry, to make sure of the cities become suspected, by the deposition of La Sague. At the same time, he ordered possession to be taken by other troops, both of Cavalry and Infantry, of all the roads, which the Princes left behind them, lest, a change of their resolution should determine them to return. As soon as it was known at court, that the Princes had entered the kingdom, and were so well observed by De Thermes, they arrested, all on a sudden Jerome Grollot, Bailiff of Orleans, accused of intelligence with the Hugonots, to cause a revolt of that city in favor of the discontented Princes; and by order of the King, they sent to prison the Vidame of Chartres, who had been imprudent enough to remain in the Capital. They had not the same success in attempting to seize Dandelot. As prudent and subtle in providing against dangers, as ardent and daring in forming designs, he retired suddenly to the coasts of Brittany, resolved to embark for England in case of necessity. The Admiral, whose address and dissimulation, according to Davila, had hitherto conducted everything, without discovering or exposing himself, was among the first in the States General, with design there to labor in favor of his party. The King and the Queen had received him as usual, with benevolence. He employed himself in following with his eye, all the measures of the court, in order to give information of them, secretly, and with extreme precautions, to the Constable and the King of Navarre.
All these delays were exhausted, when the Princes of the blood arrived at Orleans, the 29th of October, without any person's going out to receive them, except a small number of their most intimate friends. They found not only the gates of the city guarded, but bodies of guards placed and batteries erected in the strongest posts, in the cross streets and public places: precautions which the court had not usually taken in times of war. They passed through the midst of this formidable apparatus, and came to the King's Lodge, where they kept a more exact guard, than at the headquarters of an army. Arrived at the gate, they would have entered on horse-back, according to the right attached to their rank: but they found only a wicket gate open, and were obliged to alight in the open street, and few persons appeared to receive or salute them. They were conducted to the King, whom they found sitting between the Duke of Guise and the Cardinal of Lorraine, surrounded by the Captains of his guards. He received the King of Navarre and the Prince of Condé, with a coldness very different from that affability which the Kings of France are accustomed to practice to all their subjects, but above all to the Princes of their blood. He conducted them soon to the Queen-mother, where the Guises did not follow them. Catharine of
Medicis, who wished always to appear neuter and disinterested, received them with ordinary demonstrations of friendship, but with an affected sorrow, and artificial tears. The King continued to treat them with the same coldness, and addressing himself to the Prince of Condé, he began to reproach him, that without having received from his Majesty, either displeasure or ill treatment, he had in contempt of all laws, divine and human, excited several times his subjects, inkindled a war in different parts of his kingdom, attempted to seize on his principal cities, and conspired against his life and that of his brothers. The Prince, without emotion, answered with firmness, that these accusations were so many calumnies forged by his enemies. We must proceed then, replied the King, by the ordinary ways of justice, to discover the truth. He went out of the apartment of the Queen, and commanded the Captains of his guards to arrest the Prince of Condé. The Queen-mother, forced to consent to this measure, but who had not forgotten that things might change, from one moment to another, exerted herself to console the King of Navarre. The Prince complained of none but the Cardinal of Bourbon his brother, who had deceived him; and suffered himself to be conducted to a neighbouring house, destined for his prison. They had walled up the windows: doubled the doors, and made it a kind of fortress defended by several pieces of artillery and a strong guard. The King of Navarre, astonished at the detention of his brother, breathed out his grief in complaints and reproaches to the Queen, who, casting all the blame on the Duke of Guise, as Lieutenant-General of the Kingdom, endeavored only to exculpate herself. To the King of Navarre, they gave for a lodging, an house, at a little distance from that which the King occupied, and guards to observe his motions; so that, excepting the liberty of seeing whom he pleased, he was in all other respects treated and confined like a prisoner. At the same they arrested Bouchart his secretary, with all his letters and papers; and Madeleine de Roye, mother-in-law of the Prince, with all her letters and papers, at her seat at Anisi. Although they held the gates of Orleans shut, and suffered no person to go out, the news of these transactions were announced to the Constable, who was still but a few leagues from Paris. He suspended his journey, resolved to pass no further, but to wait and observe the consequences of these events.
Thus the mystery suspected by the Constable was unriddled. The States General were summoned only as a net is laid, artfully to be sprung upon game. This game were the Constable and Princes, and their principal friends. They were a mere stalking-horse, behind which to shoot a wood-cock; and that wood-cock was the Prince of Condé. Although of the two authorities which were up, the Court and the States, neither was supreme; yet the one we see might be taken by the other. We shall soon see that confusion entered by the gap.
TREASURY DEPARTMENT, Sept. 20, 1790.
IT is hereby made known, that the following arrangement has been adopted towards carrying into execution the Act, making provision for the debt of the United States, viz.
Loan-Office Certificates, and those issued by the Commissioners for the adjustment of accounts in the several States, will be receivable only at the Treasury and by the respective Commissioners of Loans within the States in which they were respectively issued. The Certificates issued by the Register of the Treasury, by the Pay Master General and Commissioner of Army Accounts, by the Commissioners for the adjustment of the Accounts of the Quarter Master's, Commissary's, Hospital, Cloathing, and Marine Departments, Indents of Interest, and Bills of Old Emission, will be receivable indiscriminately at the Treasury and by the Commissioners of all the States. The situation of the Checks has dictated this arrangement for the greater security of the public against impositions by forged or counterfeit paper, and the details which have been adopted from the same consideration for the execution of the business are such, that it will give facility and dispatch, if applications from the Holders of Certificates of the Register of the Treasury and of the Paymaster General, and Commissioner of Army Accounts, and of the Commissioners of the five Departments above mentioned, are made in the first instance at the Treasury; and if applications from the Holders of Loan Office Certificates, and Certificates issued by the Commissioners for the adjustment of Accounts in the respective States, are made in like manner to the Commissioners of Loans within the States in which they were issued. Transfers can afterwards be made to any Office that the Proprietors of these Certificates may desire.
The printers of the several States are requested to insert this.
ADVERTISEMENT.
PURSUANT to a Resolve or act of Congress of the 10th day of May, 1780, relative to the destruction of Loan-Office Certificates by accident; notice is hereby given to all whom it may concern, that on the 2d day of January 1780, the house occupied by the subscriber in Market-Street, Philadelphia, took fire and was consumed, in which was lodged a number of Loan-Office certificates as pr. list below, all which were destroyed by the said fire: Therefore if any person, hath any objection why the said Certificates should not be renewed, agreeable to the resolves of Congress, they must make them before the expiration of three months, from the date hereof.
Invoice of Loan-Office Certificates destroyed in the house of John Holker on the 2d day of January 1780.
   1778. No. Dols.     March 13. 1636 1 Samuel Cooke, jun. New-York, 600   1673 1 ditto. do. 600   Dollars, 1200.  
In testimony whereof I have signed the present for publication. New-York, July 26th, 1790. HOLKER.
TREASURY DEPARTMENT, Sept. 28, 1790.
NOTICE is hereby given, that proposals will be received at the Office of the Secretary of the Treasury, until the 31st day of December next inclusive, for the building of a LIGHT HOUSE, nearly of the dimensions proposed by the late Commissioners of Virginia and Maryland, upon the lot of land on Cape Henry, in the County of Princess Ann, and State of Virginia, lately ceded for that purpose to the United States. It is desired, that the proposals may leave the election, whether the building above the foundation shall be of brick or stone, and as the cost and charges of those materials vary, it is expected, that a corresponding difference will be made in the terms offered.
The foundation of the Light-House is to be of stone, and sunk to the depth of thirteen feet below the water table, over the top of which the pavement is to be laid. The diameter thereof is to be twenty seven feet six inches, with a vacancy of about nine feet in the centre.
The diameter of the base is to be twenty six feet, at which place the thickness of the walls is to be six feet. The height from the bottom of the water table to the top of the stone work is to be seventy two feet, where the diameter is to be six feet six inches, and the thickness of the walls three feet. The form is to be an octagon, having three windows in the east, and four in the west. If it be built of brick, it is to be faced with the glassy stone, if of stone, it is to be faced with hewn or hammer-dressed stone.
On the top of the stone work is to be a floor of joists, bedded therein, planked over and covered with copper, extending about two feet eight inches beyond the wall, thereby forming an eve, which is to be finished with a cornice, the whole having a descent from the centre sufficient to throw off the water.
The lanthorn is to be supported by eight posts of wrought Iron of three inches square and twenty feet in length, ten feet of which are to be wrought into the stone wall on the inner part at each corner. The diameter of it is to be ten feet, leaving a platform on the outside thereof of about six feet in width. All the work above this is to be of iron and copper. The lanthorn is to be ten feet high, having a semicircular roof of five feet more, with iron rafters covered with copper. The whole space between the posts supporting the lanthorn, is to be occupied by the fishes, which are to be made of iron, each fish is to have twenty-eight panes of glass, twelve by fourteen inches. One of the fishes on the south west side is to be hung with hinges for a door to go out upon the platform, from the outer part of which to the roof of the lanthorn is to be a frame of iron covered with a net work of strong brass wire, to preserve the glass from injuries by hail and flights of birds in the night.
The rafters of the lanthorn are to be well fastened to an iron hoop, over which is a copper funnel, through which the smoke may pass into a large copper ventilator in the form of a man's head, capable of containing one hundred gallons. This head is to be so placed as to be turned by a large vane on the spire above it, that the hole for venting the smoke may always be to the leeward. Eight dormant ventilators of six inches diameter are to be fixed in the roof of the lanthorn.
A close stove is to be provided and fixed in the lanthorn, which is to be furnished with eight lamps, each capable of containing six quarts, hung in two tiers over each other transversely. There are to be six flights of stairs to ascend to the lanthorn, the entrance to which is to be by a door covered with copper. The building is to be furnished with two conductors, to secure it from the effects of lightning.
A frame house is to be built for the keeper, twenty feet square, two stories high, with a frame kitchen; the whole to be finished with lath and plaster.
A vault for the storage and safe keeping of the oil is to be built of stone at a convenient distance, twelve feet wide, and twenty in length. It is to be arched, and covered with earth or sand, over which a shed is to be built, and it is to be furnished with eight strong cedar cisterns with covers, each capable of containing two hundred gallons of oil. The entrance is to be secured by a strong door.
Good security for the faithful performance of the contract will be expected. Payments on account will be made at proper stages of the work, and the balance will be paid on its completion: or, if a suitable difference should be made in the terms, cash will be advanced for the purchase of materials and provisions.
The Printers in the several States are requested to insert this.
WAR DEPARTMENT, Sept. 9, 1790.
INFORMATION is hereby given to all the military Invalids of the United States, that the sums to which they are annually entitled, and which will become due on the fourth day of March ensuing, will be paid on the said day, by the Commissioners of the Loans within the states respectively, under such regulations as the President of the United States may direct.
H. KNOX,
Secretary for the Department of War.
The Printers in the respective States are requested to publish the above in their newspapers, for the space of two Months.
TO BE LET,
On very low terms—and entered upon immediately, until the first of May next.
THAT elegant new TWO STORY BRICK HOUSE, in the Bowery-Lane, formerly occupied by ROBERT GILBERT LIVINGSTON, deceased; it has seven Fire Places with a good Cellar under the whole House—a convenient out-House in the rear, with a Coach-House, and Stables; for further particulars enquire of MANGLE MINTHORN (2 w. t. f.) Corporation Dock.
The Mail Diligence,
FOR PHILADELPHIA,
LEAVES the Ferry-Stairs, at New-York, Ten minutes after Eight o'clock every morning except Sunday. Stage Office, City Tavern, Broad-Way, New-York June 5, 1790.
ADVERTISEMENT.
THE Proposals for printing this paper stipulated, that it should be published at the seat of the federal government:—Pursuant to this engagement, "THE GAZETTE OF THE UNITED STATES" will, from the beginning of November next, be published at PHILADELPHIA.
The Subscribers, who may please to continue their patronage of the Publication, will be supplied from Philadelphia as soon as possible after it is out of the press, on the present terms.
To be let, from 1st November, THE HOUSE in which the Editor now lives:—A good situation for a Boarding-House—being formerly occupied in that business.
Dr. Price's Revolution Sermon may be had of the Editor.—Price 15/.