Gazette of the United-States. (New-York [N.Y.]), 1791-03-19 00:00:00

Gazette of the United States.
PUBLISHED WEDNESDAYS AND SATURDAYS BY JOHN FENNO, No. 69, HIGH-STREET, BETWEEN SECOND AND THIRD STREETS, PHILADELPHIA.
[No. 93, of Vol. II.]
SATURDAY, MARCH 19, 1791.
[Whole No. 197.]
NEW REVENUE LAW.
CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES:
AT THE THIRD SESSION, Begun and held at the City of Philadelphia, on Monday the sixth of December, one thousand seven hundred and ninety.
AN ACT repealing, after the last day of June next, the duties heretofore laid upon Distilled Spirits imported from abroad, and laying others in their stead; and also upon Spirits Distilled within the United States, and for appropriating the same.
(CONTINUED.)
AND be it further enacted, That the chief officer of inspection within whose survey any of the said spirits shall be landed, shall give to the proprietor, importer or consignee thereof, or his or her agent, a certificate to remain with him or her, of the whole quantity of the said spirits which shall have been so landed; which certificate, besides the said quantity, shall specify the name of such proprietor, importer or consignee, and of the vessel from on board which the said spirits shall have been landed, and of the marks of each cask, vessel or case containing the same. And the said officer shall deliver to the said proprietor, importer or consignee, or to his or her agent, a like certificate for each cask, vessel or case; which shall accompany the same where soever it shall be sent, as evidence of its being lawfully imported. And the officer granting the said certificates, shall make regular and exact entries in the book to be by him kept as aforesaid, of all spirits for which the same shall be granted, as particularly as therein described. And the said proprietor, importer or consignee, or his or her agent, upon the sale and delivery of any of the said spirits, shall deliver to the purchaser or purchasers thereof, the certificate or certificates which ought to accompany the same; on pain of forfeiting the sum of fifty dollars, for each cask, vessel or case, with which such certificate shall not be delivered.
And be it further enacted, That upon all spirits which after the said last day of June next, shall be distilled within the United States, wholly or in part from molasses, sugar, or other foreign materials, there shall be paid for their use the duties following; that is to say—For every gallon of those spirits more than ten per cent. below proof, according to Dica's hydrometer, eleven cents. For every gallon of those spirits under five and not more than ten per cent. below proof, according to the same hydrometer, twelve cents. For every gallon of those spirits of proof and not more than five per cent. below proof, according to the same hydrometer, thirteen cents. For every gallon of those spirits above proof, and not exceeding twenty per cent. according to the same hydrometer, fifteen cents. For every gallon of those spirits more than twenty and not more than forty per cent. above proof, according to the same hydrometer, twenty cents. For every gallon of those spirits more than forty per cent. above proof, according to the same hydrometer, thirty cents.
And be it further enacted, That upon all spirits which after the said last day of June next, shall be distilled within the United States, from any article of the growth or produce of the United States, in any city, town or village, there shall be paid for their use the duties following; that is to say—For every gallon of those spirits more than ten per cent. below proof, according to Dica's hydrometer, nine cents. For every gallon of those spirits under five and not more than ten per cent. below proof, according to the same hydrometer, ten cents. For every gallon of those spirits of proof, and not more than five per cent. below proof, according to the same hydrometer, eleven cents. For every gallon of those spirits above proof but not exceeding twenty per cent. according to the same hydrometer, thirteen cents. For every gallon of those spirits, more than twenty and not more than forty per cent. above proof, according to the same hydrometer, seventeen cents. For every gallon of those spirits more than forty per cent. above proof, according to the same hydrometer, twenty-five cents.
And be it further enacted, That the said duties on spirits distilled within the United States, shall be collected under the management of the supervisors of the revenue.
And be it further enacted, That the said duties on spirits distilled within the United States, shall be paid or secured previous to the removal thereof from the distilleries at which they are respectively made. And it shall be at the option of the proprietor or proprietors of each distillery, or of his, her or their agent having the superintendence thereof, either to pay the said duties previous to such removal, with an abatement at the rate of two cents for every ten gallons, or to secure the payment of the same, by giving bond quarter-yearly, with one or more sureties, to the satisfaction of the chief officer of inspection within whose survey such distillery shall be, and in such sum as the said officer shall direct, with condition for the payment of the duties upon all such of the said spirits as shall be removed from such distillery, within three months next ensuing the date of the bond, at the expiration of nine months from the said date.
And be it further enacted, That the supervisor of each district shall appoint proper officers to have the charge and survey of the distilleries within the same, assigning to each, one or more distilleries as he may think proper, who shall attend such distillery at all reasonable times, for the execution of the duties by this act enjoined on him.
And be it further enacted, That previous to the removal of the said spirits from any distillery, the officer within whose charge and survey the same may be, shall brand or otherwise mark each cask, containing the same, in durable characters, and with progressive numbers, and with the name of the acting owner or other manager of such distillery, and of the place where the same was situated, and with the quantity therein, to be ascertained by actual guaging, and with the proof thereof. And the duties thereupon having been first paid, or secured, as above provided, the said officer shall grant a certificate for each cask of the said spirits, to accompany the same where soever it shall be sent, purporting that the duty thereon hath been paid or secured, as the case may be, and describing each cask by its marks; and shall enter into a book for that purpose to be kept, all the spirits distilled at such distillery, and removed from the same; and the marks of each cask, and the persons for whose use, and the places to which removed, and the time of each removal, and the amount of the duties on the spirits so removed. And if any of the said spirits shall be removed from any such distillery, without having been branded or marked as aforesaid, or without such certificate as aforesaid, the same, together with the cask or casks containing, and the horses or cattle, with the carriages, their harness and tackling, and the vessel or boat with its tackle and apparel employed in removing
them, shall be forfeited, and may be seized by any officer of inspection. And the superintendent or manager of such distillery, shall also forfeit the full value of the spirits so removed, to be computed at the highest price of the like spirits in the market.
And be it further enacted, That no spirits shall be removed from any such distillery, at other times than between sun-rising and sun-setting, except by consent and in presence of the officer, having the charge and survey thereof, on pain of forfeiture of such spirits, or of the value thereof at the highest price in the market, to be recovered with costs of suit, from the acting owner or manager of such distillery.
And be it further enacted, That upon stills which after the last day of June next, shall be employed in distilling spirits from materials of the growth or production of the United States, in any other place than a city, town or village, there shall be paid for the use of the United States, the yearly duty of sixty cents for every gallon, English wine measure, of the capacity or content of each and every such still, including the head thereof.
And be it further enacted, That the evidence of the employment of the said stills, shall be, their being erected in stone, brick, or some other manner, whereby they shall be in a condition to be worked.
And be it further enacted, That the said duties on stills shall be collected under the management of the supervisor in each district, who shall appoint and assign proper officers for the surveys of the said stills, and the admeasurement thereof, and the collection of the duties thereupon; and the said duties shall be paid half-yearly, within the first fifteen days of January and July, upon demand of the proprietor or proprietors of each still, at his, her, or their dwelling, by the proper officer charged with the survey thereof: And in case of refusal or neglect to pay, the amount of the duties so refused or neglected to be paid, may either be recovered with costs of suit in an action of debt, in the name of the supervisor of the district, within which such refusal shall happen, for the use of the United States, or may be levied by distress and sale of goods of the person or persons, refusing or neglecting to pay, rendering the overplus (if any there be after payment of the said amount and the charges of distress and sale) to the said person or persons.
And be it further enacted, That if the proprietor of any such still, finding himself or herself aggrieved by the said rates, shall enter or cause to be entered in a book to be kept for that purpose, from day to day, when such still shall be employed, the quantity of spirits distilled therefrom, and the quantity from time to time sold, or otherwise disposed of, and to whom, and when, and shall produce the said book to the officer of inspection, within whose survey such still shall be, and shall make oath or affirmation that the same doth contain to the best of his or her knowledge and belief, true entries made at their respective dates, of all the spirits distilled within the time to which such entries shall relate, from such still, and of the disposition thereof; and shall also declare upon such oath or affirmation, the quantity of such spirits then remaining on hand, it shall be lawful in every such case, for the said officer to whom the said book shall be produced, and he is hereby required to estimate the duties upon such still, according to the quantity so stated to have been actually made therefrom, at the rate of nine cents per gallon, which, and no more, shall be paid for the same: Provided, That if the said entries shall be made by any person, other than the said proprietor, a like oath or affirmation shall be made by such person.
And the more effectually to prevent the evasion of the duties hereby imposed on spirits, distilled within the United States.
Be it further enacted, That every person who shall be a maker or distiller of spirits, from molasses, sugar, or other foreign materials, or from materials the growth and production of the United States, shall write or paint, or cause to be written or painted, upon some conspicuous part out side and in front of each house or other building, or place made use of, or intended to be made use of by him or her for the distillation or keeping of spirituous liquors, and upon the door or usual entrance of each vault, cellar, or apartment within the same, in which any of the said liquors shall be at any time by him or her distilled, deposited or kept, or intended to be, the words "DISTILLED SPIRITS;" and every such distiller shall within three days before he or she shall begin to distill therein, make a particular entry in writing, at the nearest office of inspection, if within ten miles thereof, of every such house, building or place, and of each vault, cellar and apartment within the same, in which he or she shall intend to carry on the business of distilling, or to keep any spirits by him or her distilled. And if any such distiller shall omit to paint or write, or cause to be painted or written, the words aforesaid, in manner aforesaid, upon any such house or other building or place, or vault, or cellar or apartment thereof, or shall, in case the same be situate within the said distance of ten miles of any office of inspection, omit to make entry thereof as aforesaid, such distiller shall for every such omission or neglect, forfeit one hundred dollars, and all the spirits which he or she shall keep therein, or the value thereof, to be computed at the highest price of such spirits in the market, to be recovered by action, with costs of suit, in any court proper to try the same, in the name of the supervisor of the district, within which such omission or neglect shall be, for the use of the United States: Provided always, and be it further enacted, That the said entry to be made by persons who shall be distillers of spirits, on the first day of July next, shall be made on that day, or within three days thereafter, accompanied (except where the duties hereby imposed are charged on the still) with a true and particular account or inventory of the spirits, on that day and at the time, in every or any house, building or place by him or her entered; and of the casks, cases and vessels containing the same, with their marks and numbers, and the quantities and qualities of the spirits therein contained, on pain of forfeiting for neglect to make such entry, or to deliver such account, the sum of one hundred dollars, and all the spirits by him or her had or kept in any such house, building or place, to be recovered as aforesaid.
[To be continued.]
FOR SALE,
In the City of New-Brunswick,
A Commodious TWO STORY HOUSE, almost new, pleasantly situated on the banks of the Raritan, together with a large Lot in the rear, and a very good Wharf immediately in front of the House. Said House is thirty-four feet square has four rooms on each floor, with entries between the same, and a good stone cellar under the whole.
Any person inclining to purchase may have possession the first day of May next, and know the price and terms of payment which will be made easy by applying to LEWIS FORMAN, in said city, or the subscriber in Borden Town. J. VAN EMBURGH.
N. B. If not sold, to be rented from 1st day of May next.
CONGRESS.
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES.
SATURDAY, Feb. 5.
The BANK BILL under consideration.
[Conclusion of Mr. Boudinot's Speech.]
BUT even these loans, arising from this paper medium, with which the market was glutted were altogether insufficient; and by one change of circumstances every hope was precluded of being any ways successful in procuring money from that source—The circumstances of individuals too, in this country, are such, when compared with the wants of a nation, as render the source too vague and uncertain to rely upon, and it would be a most improvident execution of the powers granted for the express purpose of the common defence and general welfare. Private banks were almost as inadequate to the object, and for reasons already given, were neither to be depended on, for will or capital, as to the supply for the principal wants of government. They are generally established for commercial purposes, and on capitals not always sufficient for them. If they should be prevailed upon at any time to attempt to supply the demands of a nation at war, it must be from a general combination of their whole stocks, to the destruction of the original designs of their several institutions. This ought not to be expected, for as far as it goes to the depression of the mercantile interests, so far it is injurious to the government—besides a dependance upon such a combination would be impolitic, both from its slowness and uncertainty—The votes of a few individuals affected by local, selfish, or adverse politics, might endanger the whole people—Such a dependance ought not to be attributed to the wise framers of the constitution, neither does the language warrant it. But foreign loans have been mentioned as a proper source for this purpose. The imprudence of placing the common defence of a nation, on the will of those who have no interest in its welfare, is a good answer to this observation. Would it be prudent to trust a foreigner, perhaps a rival, if not an enemy, with your supply of what has emphatically been called the sinews of war? Would it not expose us to exorbitant demands, and often a refusal? Many adventitious circumstances—of a war—increasing demands from other quarters—scarcity of coin—and difficulty of communication, as well as the intrigues of Courts, all loudly oppose the measure, as contrary to the spirit and meaning of a provision for the common defence and general welfare. The only resort then, he conceived, was by a timely provision to secure institutions at home, from which loans might be obtained at all times, on moderate terms, and to such amount as the necessity of the state might require: But gentlemen say, that the constitution does not expressly warrant the establishment of such a corporation. If by expressly, express words are meant, it is agreed that there are no express words; and this is the case with most of the powers exercised by Congress; for if the doctrine of necessary implication is rejected, he did not see what the supreme legislature of the union could do in that character. If this power is not clearly given in the constitution by necessary implication, then is a necessary end proposed and directed, while the common and usual necessary means to attain that end are refused, or at least not granted.
Mr. Boudinot was firmly of opinion, that a national bank was the necessary means, without which the end could not be obtained. Theory proved it so in his opinion, and the experience of the union in a day of distress, had fully confirmed the theory. The struggles of the friends of freedom during the late contest, had nearly been rendered abortive for want of this aid.—That danger which was then so hardly avoided, became a solemn memento to this house, to provide against a similar case of necessity—This was the time to do it with advantage, being in such profound peace. He had not heard any argu-

ment by which it was proved that either individuals, private banks, or foreigners, could with safety and propriety be depended on as the efficient and necessary means for so important a purpose. Although money was at present plenty in Europe, and might be borrowed on easy terms, it might not be so to-morrow, in case a war should break out, and our necessities become pressing.—He again enumerated the harmless qualities with which it was proposed to vest the bank corporation, by the bill on the table, for the important purposes of the common defence and general welfare. Gentlemen had not yet pointed out any danger arising to the community, neither did he think it was possible that any could ever be mentioned equal to those of suffering the government to depend upon individuals or private banks for loans, in a day of distress.
But it was said that this bill gave the corporation a right to hold real property in a state, which Congress had no power to do. The terms of the bill are misapprehended—this is a right, which has already been shewn attaches to the citizens individually, or in their associated capacity; the bill therefore does no more than to vest a number with an artificial single capacity, under a fictitious name, and by that name to hold lands, make bye-laws, &c. &c.—all which they might have done before as citizens in a collective capacity.—So far from giving a new power, their original individual rights are limited for the public safety as to the amount of their stock and the duration of their existence.
Mr. Boudinot then proceeded to cite numerous instances of powers exercised by Congress during the last two years, deduced under the constitution by necessary implication, to shew the utter impossibility of carrying any one provision of that authority into execution for the benefit of the people, without this reasonable latitude of construction. He also adverted to some instances of the like conduct under the former confederation. It had been urged that the new Congress had no rights or powers but what had been vested in and given to them by the individual States, and therefore they could not accept a cession from Great-Britain by the treaty of peace of the lands extending to the lake of the woods, because not before included in any individual State. Every member was soon convinced of the absurdity of this argument, and by a necessary implication, established the power of the confederated legislature. During the war the commander in chief gave a passport to a British officer to transmit cloathing to the British prisoners at Lancaster. He accordingly conveyed a very large quantity of British goods into Pennsylvania for that purpose, which being directly against an express law of that State, they were seized and condemned by the proper Magistrate. On a complaint to the legislature of the State, they referred the same to their judicial officers, upon whose report (that Congress being vested with the power of declaring war, the right of giving safe passports to an enemy was necessarily implied, which therefore was duly exercised by their commander in chief, tho' no express power was given to him for that purpose) the legislature declared their law directing the condemnation of the goods void ab initio and the judgment of condemnation had no effect.
This was also the rule that governed this House with regard to the removability of officers by the President—and the authority given to a council to legislate for the western territory. In fine he concluded, that it was universally understood that whenever a general power was given, especially to a supreme legislature, every necessary means to carry it into execution were necessarily included.—This was the common sense of mankind, without which it would require a multitude of volumes to contain the original powers of an encreasing government, that must necessarily be changing its relative situation every year or two.
If power was given to raise an army, the making provision for all the necessary supplies and incident charges were included.—If a navy was to be formed, the manning and supplying the warlike stores are necessarily understood.—If a power is given to borrow money, a right to mortgage or pledge the public property to secure the re-payment, is understood to be vested in the borrower. Take up the present statute book, and every page will afford evidence of this doctrine.—Examine the law with regard to crimes and punishments; under the power of establishing courts, we have implied the power of punishing the stealing and falsifying the records, and ascertained the punishment of perjury, bribery, and extortion. Under the power of regulating trade we have accepted cessions of real estate, and built light-houses, piers, &c.—All this is under the doctrine of necessary implication for the public good; and in cases not so strong as the present, and on the exercise of which no gentlemen thought proper to start this objection.
This construction appears so natural and necessary, that the good sense of every gentleman on the floor, has hitherto led him to proceed on this principle ever since we began to legislate:
What principle of the constitution does it destroy? It gives nothing that can affect the rights of any state or citizen. Indeed it has been said, that it is exercising a high act of power: He thought it had been shewn to be rather of the inferior kind—but allow the position, and who so proper as the legislature of the whole union, to exercise such a power for the general welfare. It has also been said, that this power is a mere conveniency for the purpose of fiscal transactions, but not necessary to attain the ends proposed in the constitution. This is denied, and at best is mere matter of opinion, and must be left to the discretion of the legislature to determine.
Mr. Boudinot said, he should now conclude what he had to say, had not an honorable gentleman (Mr. Jackson) brought forward the observations of the author of the Federalist, 2 vol. pa. 72 73 and 74, to shew a different contemporaneous exposition of the constitution, and charged the author, who he alledged was said to be also the author of the present plan before the house, with a change of sentiment.—As this gentleman is not here to speak for himself, he ought to have the next best chance, by having what he then wrote, candidly attended to, especially as gentlemen allow him to be good authority.—Mr. Boudinot read only part of the 73d page referred to by Mr. Jackson, in these words: "Had the convention attempted a positive enumeration of the powers necessary and proper for carrying their other powers into effect, the attempt would have involved a compleat digest of laws on every subject to which the constitution relates: accommodated too not only to the existing state of things, but to all the possible changes which futurity may produce; for in every new application of a general power, the particular powers, which are the means of attaining the general power, must always necessarily vary with that object, and be often properly varied whilst the object remains the same." How these sentiments can be said to be a different contemporaneous exposition must be left to the house to determine. Mr. Boudinot then begged the indulgence of the house to hear the same gentleman when arguing expressly on that part of the constitution now under consideration; and then read pages 144, 5 and 6 of the 1st. vol. of the Federalist, which were too long to be inserted. He declared that in his opinion it was impracticable to put together language in the same length, that could more forcibly and pointedly elucidate and prove the construction contended for in support of the bill on the table. There remained yet but two objections, to which Mr. Boudinot would detain the house any longer.
The gentleman from Georgia (Mr. Jackson) had charged the measure with establishing the commercial interests, to the great injury of the agricultural. If this was true, he never would agree to it, for he considered the agricultural interests of America, as its great and sure dependence. Mr. Boudinot confessed that so far from seeing these measures in this point of light, he could not bring his mind to comprehend how the commercial interests of a country could be promoted without greatly advancing the interests of agriculture.—Will the farmer have any temptation to labor, if the surplus of what he raises, beyond his domestic consumption, is to perish in his barn, for want of a market?—Can a market be obtained without the merchant?—If commerce flourishes the merchants increase, and of course the demand for the produce of the land; but if the mercantile interests fail, there is none to export the surplus produced by agriculture. If the farmer should undertake to export his own produce, he could not give his whole attention to his affairs; or if the merchant should attempt to raise the grain he wanted, he could not carry on his merchandize. The one interest depends on the other; a separation destroys both.
But the incapacity of the bank to extend its influence to the extremes of the union, has been argued, from the gentleman never having seen a note of the present Bank of North-America in Georgia; he therefore concludes, that bank has never been of any service to her agricultural interests. Mr. Boudinot said, that he drew very different conclusions from this fact—he supposed that by means of the bank, the traders with Georgia had been enabled to send her the precious metals, while the bank paper had answered their purposes nearer home, where they circulated with undoubted credit. He instanced a case, of a Philadelphia merchant, who was possessed of £100 in gold, and £100 in credit at the bank; the merchant wanted £100 worth of rice of a Georgia planter, and the like value in flour of a Pennsylvania farmer.—When he purchased the one of the Georgian, he could safely pay him the whole in gold, while he found the Pennsylvanian would as readily receive the bank paper for his flour: But had there been no bank, he could have purchased but £50 worth of each, and the Georgian and Pennsylvanian both have gone without a market for the residue. In short the whole union may be likened to the body and limbs; you cannot aid or comfort one, but the other must be likewise benefited.
He said it was however difficult, and impracticable, to shew that every measure adopted by the government, should have an effect perfectly equal over so extensive a government as that of the United States, it was sufficient if, upon the whole the measures of government taken all together produced the desired equality.
The last objection was, that by adopting this bill we exposed the measure to be considered and defeated by the judiciary of the United States, who might adjudge it to be contrary to the constitution and therefore void, and not lend their aid to carry it into execution. This, he alledged, gave him no uneasiness. He was so far from controverting this right in the judiciary, that it was his boast and his confidence. It led him, he said, to greater decision on all subjects of a constitutional nature, when he reflected that if from inattention, want of precision, or any other defect, he should do wrong, that there was a power in the government which could constitutionally prevent the operation of such wrong measure from affecting his constituents.—He was legislating for a nation and for thousands unborn, and it was the glory of the constitution that there was a remedy even for the failures of the supreme legislature itself.
Upon the whole then, he said, that on taking the power in question in every point of view and giving the constitution the fullest consideration, under the advantage of having the objections placed in the strongest point of light by the great abilities of the gentlemen in the opposition, he was clearly in favor of the bill; as to its expediency, there could be little doubt on the minds of any gentleman, and unless more conclusive arguments could be adduced to shew its unconstitutionality he should in the end vote for passing the bill.
[The foregoing speech of Mr. Boudinot, is copied from "The General Advertiser"—the others, which have appeared, and will be published in this paper, on the subject of the Bank, are originals.]
L O N D O N, Dec. 7.
Extract of a letter from Paris, Nov. 25.
T WO celebrated Mechanics (Messrs. Perriers) obtained permission in 1777, to construct, at their own expence, some fire pumps, that were to raise and distribute the Seine water into all the streets of the capital. A considerable sum of money was wanting to form such an establishment, and Mess. Perrier's riches consisted, at that time, only in calculations; but convinced that their enterprise would prove extremely lucrative, they inspired some of the inhabitants of Paris with their confidence, and several of the citizens entered into a society with them, under the name of Perrier's water company. The fundamental base of this society was the creation of 1200 shares of 1200 livres £50 sterling each: the number of these shares soon encreased to 400, and it was at the time, unluckily for the public Treasury, that stock-jobbing was very active about this establishment. Pompous advertisements, and alluring proposals, were swarming in every coffee-house, and posted up at the Exchange, and at the corner of every public street. The cupidity of speculators was so enticed by such flattering advantages, that the shares rose, from their original price of 1200 to 4000 livres. This success, however, was likely to produce a total fall, for in order to support such marvellous promises, success must have been certain to the enterprise; the public, however absolutely refused to let the water into their houses. Every body appeared alarmed at the expence. The company then, in order to conciliate once more the favor of the public, joined to it a Fire-Office for insurance, but the inhabitants of the capital expressed as little desire to preserve themselves from fire, as they did to buy water—the stock-jobbers then changed their manœuvres.—They were bold and successful enough to add the credit of government to that of the company, and the money of the public Treasury to precarious and discredited shares. In vain did M. de Mirabeau (the Elder) publish a severe pamphlet against the enterprise, and stock-jobbing; upwards of twenty millions of livres for the four thousand shares, which originally were worth only four millions eight hundred thousand livres, and are at present of no real value.—Not content with this only, Mess. Perriers had influence enough to obtain from the late Parliament of Paris a sentence, concerted between them and the company's directors, by which the said Perriers, were declared creditors on Government for about two millions of livres. M. de Batz, in the name of the committee of Liquidations, reported the whole of this infamous transaction to the National Assembly on Monday last, and filled the house with astonishment and indignation. He concluded his report with these remarkable expressions:
"It is time the National Assembly should begin to impress the minds of individuals with a profound respect for the public weal, and for the painful fruits of the people's labor. A line of demarcation ought certainly to be traced between the errors of a vicious administration, and the

firmness of a severe regimen, without which the payment of the public debt and the re-establishment of the Finances would prove but imaginary."
"The National Assembly decreed "ipsi facto, the three following articles."
1st. The President shall be requested to denounce to his Majesty the Arrest concerted between Messrs. Perriers and the directors of the water company, in order that the interests of the nation, and of the public Treasury may not be the sufferers
"2d. The King shall be entreated to order, that all sums belonging to the said company shall be returned, without delay, to the public Treasury."
"3d. The National Assembly reserve to themselves the power to prosecute the authors, abettors, and adherents of all the manœuvres by which have been extracted from the public Treasury the sums mentioned in the report of the committee of liquidation."
DECEMBER 31.
On Thursday se'night, during the storm, the lightning was attracted by an iron-bar, which was fixed as a supporter to the chimney of the house of Sir James Marriott, judge of the admiralty, in Doctors-Commons; the chimney was thrown down, and broke through the roof into the attic story; which much alarmed the family as Sir James lay in a room immediately underneath; but fortunately no person was hurt.
JANUARY 3.
INTELLIGENCE FROM FRANCE.
By advices from Paris, of so late a date as the 27th ult. we have the following interesting intelligence:
M. de Rochambeau, who, on the alarm spread of the expected invasion of France, from the north, had been dispatched by the National Assembly to command the patriotic army, and watch the motions of the Imperialists, has issued the following instructions to the general officers serving under him.
"Let the most sacred respect be paid to all the decrees sanctioned by the King. As every military man owes absolute submission to the Law, and the King, do not allow the smallest aspersion to be thrown on their injunctions; re-establish discipline throughout the whole army; wait with respectful silence for the military constitution. Every officer who does not think it his duty to act in conformity to these instructions, is hereby at liberty to retire."
The officers of the garrison of Lisle, have at the playhouse, and other places of public resort, publicly avowed their contempt for the National Assembly, and have gone so far as to ridicule their operations; which seems to indicate, that M. de Rochambeau will have much employment on his hands, as the danger to the revolutionists of such a formidable fortress being in the interest of the nobility, &c. is very obvious.
What the Assembly may have to apprehend from the discordant and threatening commotions which prevail to the south of France, may be collected from the following articles of intelligence.
A letter from Arles, in Provence, brings the dreadful news of the murder of twenty two persons by the mob of that city, and what renders the crime still more heinous, the rabble were by no means provoked to it; whereas at Perpignan and Aix the aristocratic party went to extreme lengths, and, in a manner, invited the enraged multitude to lay violent hands on them.
The magistrates of Lyons are busy in examining the circumstances that attended the conspiracy lately discovered in that city; every day confirms its existence, and unveils the most atrocious intentions.
M. Voidel, in the name of the committee of enquiry, read, on the 23d. in the National Assembly, a letter from the Administrators of the department of the Var; by which it appears that some young men conspiring against the revolution have assembled at Nice; that they are buying horses and military furniture; and that cannon and other warlike stores arrive daily from Italy. The letter adds, that the views of the enemy seem directed against Antibes and Entravaux; and that some of their parties had advanced within sight of Antibes; but finding it well supplied with artillery, and defended by three hundred national guards, they had not dared to hazard an attack. Greater fears are entertained for Entravaux, where the enemies of the revolution have many partizans. It was decreed, that the King should be supplicated to send a sufficient garrison thither.
On the 10th, at Geneva, the people were so certain of a counter-revolution being attempted, that fifty louis d'ors were laid to four, that the king would not be in Paris on the 13th, and in Savoy it was looked on as a physical certainty.
FRANCE.
VARIOUS circumstances give us reason to believe that a COUNTER-REVOLUTION has been in agitation, and even planned by the friends of despotism in that kingdom, assisted by such of the aristocratic party as were obliged to fly from the vengeance of their injured country,
and to seek an ignominious shelter in foreign courts. M. de Calonne's publication, On the present and future state of France , evidently announces the existence of such a scheme; and the author urges the necessity, and enforces the execution of it, in the strongest and most pressing manner. Count d'Artois, who, for some time past, has been a voluntary exile at the court of Turin, is looked up to as the head of this project; and great hopes have been entertained that the distresses of the people in France, the natural consequence of the changes which have taken place, would have irritated their minds against their new rulers, and disposed them to receive favorably any proposal made for re-establishing the ancient form of the constitution. A sense, however, of their former wretched condition, when under the despotic sway of petty tyrants, who abusing the confidence of a good monarch, opposed his subjects to gratify their private ambition, or to enable them to indulge in shameful pleasures; a thorough conviction of the scandalous abuses committed, for many years past, in every department of the State, and a remembrance of the cruelties exercised against those who ventured to complain, or to expose the flagrant villainies of unprincipled ministers; strike too forcibly on their minds not to make them tenacious of the liberty they have acquired, and which must be permanent, as long as they continue unanimous and firm in that federation which they have solemnly sworn to maintain. The miseries of the lower classes of the people in France, which have been painted in such gloomy colours by some, and exaggerated by others, seem to be in a great degree ideal, and are undoubtedly not half so bad as they have been represented. The ready circulation of the assignats , which is about to take place, will remedy the deficiency of specie, occasioned by the immense sums that have been carried from the country by aristocratic fugitives; commerce will consequently revive, and agriculture be promoted; while all ranks, enlivened by the pleasing prospect of peace, harmony and concord, being restored, will unite their utmost efforts to preserve these invaluable blessings. When we see the eagerness with which the church property ( biens nationaux ) is purchased, some of it being sold at more than double its valuation, we must be convinced that true patriotism is too deeply rooted in the bosoms of the French to be easily extinguished; and they consider no sacrifice too great, provided they can extricate their country from the deplorable situation into which it has been plunged for ages, and transmit freedom and happiness to their posterity. The temple of liberty in France is, therefore, likely to be established on a solid and lasting foundation, which neither court intrigues nor despotic fury, aided by disappointed ambition, can destroy. But the liberty, or rather licentiousness of THE BRABANTEERS has vanished, "like the baseless fabric of a vision," and scarcely "left a trace behind." Deluded by infatuated demagogues, who had neither abilities nor courage sufficient to carry on an enterprise which required constancy, perseverance, coolness and resolution; and instigated to rebellion by the inflammatory harangues of fanatical priests, ever ready to sow sedition, and who, to encourage their weak followers, walked before them with their religious insignia, as if musty relics could have performed miracles, they have shared the fate of the frog in the fable, which perished by endeavoring to swell her pigmy figure to the gigantic size of the ox.
FOR THE GAZETTE OF THE UNITED STATES.
SONNET II.
Sent to Mrs. _____, with a Song.
BLEST is the Poet if his songs can raise Some kindred genius that will catch the fire, With answering notes awake the trembling lyre, And give to far posterity his praise. Yet double pleasure fills his aged days, If chance, responsive to his fond desire, While from the lips of youth the notes aspire, In the warm breast the flame of virtue blaze. And still a greater pleasure, should he spy That while from Virtue's breast the music flows, Caught by the song, the voice, the speaking eye, In every heart the illustrious purpose glows. Even he, the Poet, nobler worth should warm By virtue, greatly rous'd, in _____'s form. ELLA.
Philadelphia, March 19.
Further European Intelligence may be collected from the following abstract.
THE late Emperor Joseph, made sundry innovations in the government of the Dutchy of Milan: Leopold has restored things to their former situation.
Tranquility having been restored to the States of Brabant, the Plenipotentiaries who ratified the Convention of Riechenbach, which had, for one principal object, the establishment of peace and good order in the Belgic Provinces, have agreed on certain articles, to regulate in the process of finally adjusting and settling all subjects of controversy heretofore existing: These articles pro-
vide for the restoration of public affairs nearly to their former situation, particularly those relating to the clergy—but no standing armies or taxes are to be raised in future except by the consent of the States.
The King of Sweden, by his envoy, has stated to the Porte, the reasons, which induced him to make a separate peace with Russia—and after saying that "pressed by irresistible misfortunes he had been compelled" to this measure—he solemnly assures the Sublime Porte, that no one shall be more faithful than himself to his engagements; and that he will constantly maintain his alliance with that power.
The new government in France are carrying their system into effect in some such manner as HENRY the VIIIth of England carried on the reformation, only on a more extensive plan, having opened the doors of the convents, they are now opening those of their churches, and liberating the long confined masses of gold and silver, in the forms of Doves, Ladies, Angels, Sheep, &c. These transformed into coin, will perform greater miracles than legendary tales record! The bells are also to be melted down for the same purpose.
The Pope it is said, has given permission to the French Clergy to take the Civic Oath; but many of them did not wait for his Holiness' dispensation.
The Russians have recently gained several victories over the Turks; on the 14th Nov. they took the fortress of Istarzi, the general store house of the whole Turkish army; and the Turkish fleet stationed before Tulcza, consisting of 17 sail, were all captured and burnt.
An ambassador was expected at Paris from the Emperor Leopold, to demand, in form, the Queen of France: It was not thought the claim would be acceded to—and that the Emperor would construe the refusal into a just cause of war.
Great commotions are said to have broken out in Spain—the post-offices are watched with the greatest vigilance. In the province of Biscay the people have commenced their operations in favor of liberty, by hanging several of the King's Governors.
Notwithstanding all that has been said to the contrary, the Leyden Gazette , which is considered as the most authentic vehicle of European Intelligence, positively asserts, THAT NOT ONLY PARIS—BUT THE WHOLE FRENCH KINGDOM ENJOY TRANQUILITY. The Assignats freely circulate in trade—and on the 9th Dec. were 10 1/2 per cent. above par—In Nov. the receipts at the public treasury exceeded the expenses of government by three millions—and on the 4th Dec. there were in the public treasury, 29 millions, 684 thousand livres—12 millions of which were in specie.
Public Securities as in our last.
Just published, and to be sold by the EDITOR,
A TOUR IN HOLLAND.
In 1784.
By an AMERICAN.
SEVERAL Gentlemen of literary talents have perused the manuscript of this work—among others, the justly celebrated author of M C FINGAL; who, after reading it, made the following observations, in a letter to the author, viz. "I cannot return your Journal, without expressing my obligations to you for the pleasure I have received in its perusal, nor without hinting my wishes that you would consent to its publication. We have in English, no good account of the customs, manners, &c, of the United Provinces. Travellers have exhausted themselves in descriptions of France and Italy; but the tour to those countries only has been fashionable. Notwithstanding our connexion with Holland, the people of this country know little more of it than of Otaheite. This circumstance will render your Journal both novel and useful."
A CO-PARTNERSHIP having commenced between JOSEPH ANTHONY, and his Son, THOMAS P. ANTHONY, under the firm of
JOSEPH ANTHONY and Son,
They have for Sale, at their Stores, (lately improved by HEWES and ANTHONY,) North side Chestnut-Street Wharf,
  NEW-ENGLAND Rum, Hyson, TEAS, of the first quality,   Molasses, Souchong   Muscovado Sugars, & Bohea Boston Sail Duck,   Jamaica & Martinique Coffee, No. 1, 2, 3, 4, and 7, 6 by 8 Window Glass,   Pimento, 6 by 8 Window Glass, Boston Prime Beef,   Cassia, A quantity of choice Cargot Tobacco,   Old Batavia Arrack, N. England Tow Linen.   Spermaceti & Wax Candles, Philadel. March 18. [c.p.3w.]   Spermaceti, Right Whale,   and Tanner's Oil,   Best pick'd Mackerel, 
MACHINERY FOR SPINNING FLAX, HEMP AND COMBED WOOL.
THE Subscriber hereby gives public notice, that he has obtained a patent for a spinning wheel and table, a movement for wetting the thread by conical cloth coated thimbler, and another for the same purpose, by a cloth coated roller, a leather belt moved by rollers, for the purpose of the preparatory drawing of the fibers, and another leather belt moved in like manner, by rollers, for the purpose of drawing the roved flax, hemp and wool, being improvements upon the mill or machinery of Kendrew and Porthouse of the town of Darlington in Great Britain.
This machinery, with the original mechanism on which it is grafted, being of the utmost value to the United States, the subscriber hereby offers to make and erect a complete mill or mills, including both the original works, and his above improvements thereon, for any individual or company, on terms to be by them agreed on; and to conduct the Manufactory either for a share of the profits, or stipulated wages. GEORGE PARKINSON, Philad. No. 65, Chestnut-Street, March 17, 1791. [98 6f.]