The New-York journal, and daily patriotic register (New-York [N.Y.]), 1787-12-27 00:00:00

The New-York Journal, and Weekly Register.
NUMB. 80, of VOL. xli.]
THURSDAY, December 27, 1787.
[Total NUMB. 2175.]
HERE TRUTH UNLICENSED REIGNS; AND DARES ACCOST—EVEN KINGS THEMSELVES, OR RULERS OF THE FREE! Thompson's Liberty
NEW-YORK: Printed and Published by THOMAS GREENLEAF, at the PRINTING-OFFICE, No. 25, WATER-STREET.
State of New-York, Court of Admiralty. Charles March, Timothy Penny, Abraham P. Mendes, John Thompson, Gad Wells, and others, Libellants. Sundry goods, Wares and Merchandize, saved out of a vessel having no person on board, by John Shannon and others, and claimed by Gibbon Bourke, John Donnand and the said John Shannon and others, and claimed in part by Daniel McCormick for Hyeem Cohen, and by William Cock for Richard Hall.
WHEREAS Charles March, Timothy Penny, Abraham P. Mendes, John Thompson, Matthew Fergo, John Howard, Gad Wells, Samuel Bells, and Peter Noyes, junior, as passengers, and Malcom Taylor, and Henry Harris, as mariners on board of the brigantine Port-Roseway, have filed a libel in the said court, setting forth that in and with the said brigantine, in a voyage from the island of Jamaica to New-London, in Connecticut, on or about the first day of August, in the year 1784, in the latitude of 23 degrees and 30 minutes north or thereabouts, they discovered, and went to a vessel with only her foremast standing, and having no living creature on board, and five feet water in her hold; and that they saved and took out of the said brigantine, sundry goods, wares, and merchandise, which were by them brought to the port of New-York, and there sold at public vendue, by order of Gibbon Bourke, and John Donnand, of the said city, merchants: And whereas it appears by return of sales of Anthony L. Bleeker, that the said merchandise so saved and brought to the port of New-York, consisted of the following articles, viz. Six hogheads of sugar, the marks & numbers whereof were defaced, one hoghead of sugar marked F. No. 102, one other hoghead of sugar marked WB. No. 185, one other hoghead of sugar, marked F. S. one hoghead of spirits, marked E. [enclosed by a diamond] No. 6, one other hoghead of spirits, marked B. E. No. 4, one other hoghead of spirits, marked B. R. No. 3, one other hoghead of spirits, marked WB. No. 7, one other hoghead of spirits, marked WB. No. 8, and one other hoghead of spirits, marked WB. No. 9, thirteen bales of cotton wool without mark or number, one bale of cotton wool, marked B. three other bales of cotton wool, marked H. C. fifteen other bales of cotton wool, the marks & numbers whereof were defaced; four whole bales, four half bales, four broken bales, and four bundles of cotton wool, the marks whereof, if any had been, could not be discovered, a quantity of logwood, and five hundred and fifty-one feet of mahogany. And whereas, by an advertisement formerly published in one of the news papers printed in New-York, the said goods and merchandise were said to have been saved and taken on board of the said brigantine Port-Roseway, on Thursday the 5th day of Aug. 1784. And whereas, Gibbon Bourke and John Donnand, on behalf of John Shannon, mallet, and Samuel Nesbitt, mate, Malcom Taylor, Martin George, John Harper, Swiney Wilton and Alexander McKenzie, mariners, and Richard Hall, owner of the said brigantine Port-Roseway, have filed a claim in the said court, praying a decree for their proportional shares of the net proceeds of the said goods: and whereas, Daniel McCormick, of the city of New-York, merchant, for and on behalf of Hyeem Cohen, of the island of Jamaica, hath filed a claim in the said court, to the monies which have arisen from the sales of the said cotton wool, or part thereof, after the payment of salvage: and whereas William Cock, of the city of New-York, Esq. for and in behalf of Richard Hall, of Shelburne, in Nova-Scotia, as sole owner of the said brigantine Port-Roseway, hath also filed a claim in the said court, praying an allowance for salvage out of the monies arisen by the sale of the said goods, wares and merchandise. And whereas it appears by the depositions of William McKenzie and Malcom Taylor, two of the persons on board the brigantine Port-Roseway, at the time the said goods and merchandise were so saved and taken on board; that the deserted vessel out of which the said goods were saved, were generally supposed by themselves and others then present, to have been a brigantine; and it further appears by the said depositions, and the deposition of Swiney Wilton, which depositions were severally taken in open court, that the said deserted vessel was a float vessel (perhaps about three hundred tons burthen) had a woman's head, with guard-irons round it, that she had black sides, and yellow mouldings, that she had either three or four ports on each side abaft her chains, that she had a double deck as far as her main-mast, and had deck-beams but no plank on them before her main-mast as part of her lower deck, that she had quarter-barges, but no quarter-galleries, and was plain behind, and that her quarter-deck was raised about three feet above her main-deck. Therefore, pursuant to an order of the said court, public monition and notice is hereby given to all persons interested, or claiming to be interested, in the said goods, wares and merchandise, so saved, or any part thereof, to put in a claim in the said court for the same, within one year and a day, from the day of the date of this monition and notice. Dated the eighth day of October, in the twelfth year of the Independence of the state of New-York, and the year of our Lord, 1787.
By order of the court of Admiralty, JONH GRAHAM, Marshal. 36 3m
FOR the Encouragement of the PAPER MANUFACTURES in America, the Printer hereof pays CASH, and the highest Price, for LINNEN, and COTTEN and LINNEN, RAGS
PUBLIC NOTICE is hereby given, according to an act of the Governor, Council, and General Assembly of the late colony of New-York, passed the 19th day of March, 1774, entitled, "An act for the more effectual registering of mortgages, and securing the purchasers of mortgaged estates;" that on the sixth day of June next ensuing, at ten o'clock in the forenoon, will be sold at the house of DAVID DAN, in Bedford, Westchester county, and state of New-York, to the highest bidder; all that certain Farm, Tract, pieces, or parcel of Land, lying and being in Bedford, and bounded as follows, to wit, beginning at the house of Benjamin Hayes, where he now lives, running westerly as it winds round Hayes's land, and northerly to the high way, thence westerly along the high way until it comes to Lewis M c Donald's land, thence southerly until it comes to David Dan's land, thence easterly and northerly along said Dan's land until it comes to the high way or Town's land by the burying ground, thence by the high way westerly until it comes to Benjamin Hayes's land, thence by Hayes's land as it winds to the place of beginning; also one other piece of Land, lying on the north side of the high way, beginning at the Court-house, thence westerly by the high way until it comes to Lewis M c Donald's land, thence northerly and westerly as it winds to Abraham Canfield's land, thence northerly and westerly by Abraham Canfield's land as it winds to the high way, thence northerly by the high way to Abraham Canfield's land, thence east by said land, until it comes to the land of the late Stephen Holmes, deceased, thence southerly and westerly until it comes to the parsonage lands, thence near the same course until it comes to James M c Donald's land, thence westerly and southerly winding round M c Donald's land to the place of beginning; containing in the whole eighty acres, more or less, with the appurtenances which said premises were by indenture bearing date the 10th day of May, one thousand seven hundred and eighty-six; mortgaged by Jonathan Platt, of Bedford, Westchester county and state of New-York, to Daniel Bowne, of New-York, for securing the payment of eight hundred pounds with lawful interest for the same.
The conditions will be made known on the day of sale, by the subscriber, 45 th. 6m. DANIEL BOWNE.
At a Court of Probates of the State of New-York, held at the Probate-Office, in the City of New-York, on the fifth Day of December, in the Year of our Lord one Thousand seven Hundred and Eighty-seven.
P R E S E N T, The Honorable PETER OGILVIE, Esquire, Judge of the said Court.
WHEREAS Daniel Ter Bofs, and John Lyser, administrators of Christian Genshimer, with his will annexed, late of Romabout precinct, Dutchess county and state of New-York, yeoman, deceased, have by their petition presented to the said judge, set forth, that the said Christian Genshimer was, at the time of his death, seized of a real estate within this state; that the petitioners have made a just and true account of the personal estate and debts of the said Christian Genshimer, as far as they had been able to discover the same; and that thereby it appeared, that the personal estate of the said Christian Genshimer was insufficient to pay his debts, and therefore requested the aid of the said judge in the premises, according to the directions of the act, entitled, "An act for the relief of creditors against heirs, devisees, executors, and administrators, and for proving wills respecting real estates;" and the said petitioners have delivered to the said judge the account in the said petition mentioned; hereupon it is ordered by the said judge, that all persons interested in the estate of the said Christian Genshimer, do appear before the judge of the said court of Probates, at the Probate-Office, in the city of New-York, on the twenty-eighth day of January next, to show cause, if any they have, why so much of the real estate whereof the said Christian Genshimer died seized should not be sold, as will be sufficient to pay his debts. 57 th 4w. PETER OGILVIE.
NOTICE is hereby given to all persons indebted to Jacob Hagerman, of the city of New-York, an insolvent debtor, that unless they make immediate payment to the subscribers, their accounts will be put in the hands of an attorney; and all his creditors are desired to bring in their accounts properly attested. A dividend is intended to be made on the first Monday in March next, provided the creditors accounts are sent in to JOHN MURRAY, or WALTER BUCHANAN, } Assignees. New-York. Dec. 13, 1787. 63 10w. th.
NOTICE is hereby given to all persons indebted to THOMAS WHITE, of the city of New-York, an insolvent debtor, that unless they make immediate payment to the subscriber, assignee of the estate of the aforesaid Thomas White, their accounts will be put in the hands of an attorney; and all persons having claims against the said Thomas White, previous to his discharge, under the act of insolvency, are required immediately to present their accounts, properly attested, to Thomas White, or to JOHN LOVETT, Assignee. New-York, October 16, 1787. 37—t. th. 3m
To be Sold at this PRINTING-OFFICE, B L A N K S of all Sorts.
WHEREAS Nicholas Bayard, Esq. of the city of New-York, by his certain indenture of lease, under his hand and seal, duly executed, bearing date the sixteenth day of September, in the ninth year of the independence of the United States of America, and in the year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and eighty-four, for the consideration therein mentioned, did demise and to farm let unto John Casing, all those three LOTS of GROUND, No. 279, 280, and 281, situate in the outward, at the corner of Moll Street, and Bayard-street, to have and to hold the said three Lots unto the said John Casing, for and during and until the end and term of twenty-one years from thence next ensuing: and whereas the said John Casing had erected on said three Lots of Ground a dwelling house; and whereas the said John Casing, on the twenty-eighth day of February, in the year one thousand seven hundred and eighty-five, by indenture of mortgage, did convey unto John Egberts, of the city of New-York, house, carpenter, all the before mentioned Lots, No. 279, 280, and 281, with the buildings thereon erected to hold for and during the residue and remainder of the said term of twenty-one years then to come and, unexpired, to secure the payment of fifty pounds, with the lawful interest: NOTICE is hereby given, that in pursuance of an act of the governor, council, and general assembly of the late colony of New-York, passed the nineteenth day of March, one thousand seven hundred and eighty-four, entitled, "An act for the more effectual registering of mortgages, and for securing the purchasers of mortgaged estates;"—the residue and remainder of the term of years yet to come, and unexpired, of, and in the said three Lots of Ground, with the buildings thereon erected, will be SOLD at PUBLIC VENDUE, to the highest bidder, on the premises, on the twenty-fifth day of February next.—The sale to begin at twelve o'clock. The condition of sale will be made known at the time of the vendue, and a deed executed to the purchaser or purchasers, subject to the proviso, in the said act, in favor of other mortgages, judgments at law, and decrees in equity, prior to the said sale.
JOHN EGBERTS. New-York, August 23, 1787. t. th. 6m. By Order of the Honorable RICHARD MORRIS, Esq. Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Judicature of the State of New-York:
NOTICE is hereby given to Moses Franks, and to all others whom it may concern, that on application and due proof made to the said Chief Justice, pursuant to an act of the legislature of the state of New-York, entitled, "An act for relief against absconding and absent debtors," passed the fourth day of April, 1786, he hath issued his warrants to the sheriff of the city and county of New-York, and the sheriff of the county of Suffolk, commanding them to attach, take, seize, and safely keep all the estate, as well real as personal, of the said Moses Franks, an absent debtor, of what kind or nature soever, and every or any part or parcel thereof in whatever part of their bailiwick the same can be found, with all evidences, books of accounts, vouchers, and papers relating thereto. And that unless he the said Moses Franks shall appear by himself, or attorney, and discharge his debts within twelve months after the publication of this notice, all his estate, real and personal, will be sold for the payment and satisfaction of his creditors. Dated at the city of New-York, this twenty-sixth day of February, in the year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and eighty-seven. 41 mth. 15w
State of New-York, ff. WHEREAS all the real estate of which John Thompson, late of Goshen precinct, in the county of Orange, yeoman, deceased, died seized, has been sold by an order of Peter Ogilvie, Esq. Judge of the court of Probates of this state, for the payment of his debts; all persons who have any demands against the estate of the said John Thompson, are hereby notified and desired to produce the same to the said judge, at the said court of Probates, at the Probate-Office in the city of New-York, on the twenty-fifth day of March next, when and where a final settlement and distribution of the said estate will be made. Given under my hand, at the Probate Office, in the city of New-York, the twelfth day of December, in the year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and eighty-seven. 63 th. 6w. PETER OGILVIE.
NOTICE is hereby given to all persons indebted to JAMES MYER, jun. of the city of New-York, an insolvent debtor, that unless they make immediate payment to the subscriber, assignee of the aforesaid James Myer, jun. their accounts will be put in the hands of an attorney; and all persons having claims against the said James Myer, jun. previous to his discharge, under the act of insolvency, are required immediately to present their accounts, properly attested, to the subscriber. JOHN LOVETT, Assignee. New-York, October 16, 1787. 37—t. th. m
NOTICE is hereby given to all persons indebted to PETER BERRIAN, of the city of New-York, an insolvent debtor, that unless they make immediate payment to the subscriber, assignee of the estate of the aforesaid Peter Berrian, their accounts will be put into the hands of an attorney; and all persons having claims against the said Peter Berrian, previous to his discharge, under the act of insolvency, are required immediately to present their accounts, properly attested, to PETER BERRIAN, or to JOHN LOVETT, Assignee. New-York, October 16, 1787. 37—t. th. 3m
By his EXCELLENCY, GEORGE CLINTON, Esquire, Governor of the state of New-York, general and commander in chief of all the militia, and admiral of the navy thereof.
A Proclamation.
WHEREAS, pursuant to a law of this state the legislature are to meet at Poughkeepsie, in Dutchess County, on the first Tuesday in January next; I have therefore thought fit, by these presents, to proclaim the same, that all persons concerned may be apprized thereof, and govern themselves accordingly.
Given under my hand, and the privy seal, at the city of New-York, this third day of December, in the twelfth year of the independence of the said state, 1787.
GEORGE CLINTON.
Full imported in the Jane, Captain Martin, from Glasgow, by
Samuel Campbell,
No. 44, Hanover-square, Corner of the Old-Slip,
A large Affortment of
BOOKS,
Among which are, THE present state of Nova-Scotia, with an account of Canada; Whitaker's vindication of Mary, Queen of Scots; 3 vol. Mills Grenville, a new novel, 3 vol. Maria, or the Generous Rosalie; Alexander's history of women; Bollobroke's Miscellanies; Blair's Lectures, 3 vol. Sully's Memoirs, 5 vol. Cullen's Practice, 4 vol. New-Edinburgh Dispensatory; Smith's Cookery; Maria's Young Gentlemen and Ladies Philosophy, 3 vol. A variety of the best Classics now in use.
S. CAMPBELL has this day published, GULLIVER REVIVED, CONTAINING singular travels, campaigns, voyages and adventures, in Russia, Iceland, Turkey, Egypt, Gibraltar, up the Mediterranean, and on the Atlantic ocean: Also an account of a voyage into the moon, with many extraordinary particulars relative to the cooking animal in that planet, which are here called the human species, by Baron Munchausen; the 4th edition, considerably enlarged.
DR. SPEDALIAR'S PRACTICAL OBSERVATIONS on the VENEREAL DISEASE; describing the various symptoms, and method of cure in every different state. The third edition, corrected. Price only five shillings sewed.
N. B. The great demand for this treatise, the account of it giving by the Reviewers, and the large extracts made from it by Dr. Duncan, in his medical commentaries, with the recommendation of several eminent Doctors of this city, has induced the editor to present the public with an American edition of the work, printed correctly from the last London edit. and reduced to less than two thirds of the price.
With a great variety of STATIONARY, in particular, pocket-books, ink-holders, paper, blank books, quills, wax, wafers, &c.
N. B. SAMUEL CAMPBELL returns his sincere thanks to his customers, and those who have purchased Books or Stationary at his store, and hopes, by his assiduity and attention in keeping an universal assortment of books, and the reasonable prices he sells at, will insure a further continuance of their favors. The European, Political, Edinburgh, and Scotch MAGAZINES.
Garret Rapalje,
BEGS leave to inform his friends, and the public in general; that he hath opened a commission store, at his former dwelling house No. 2, on the east side of the Fly-Market, where he receives, and disposes of all sorts of merchandise, upon commission. He has very convenient cellars, and a excellent store room for wet or dry goods, and the utmost attention shall be paid to the interest of those who may be pleased to favour him with their business.
He has loan-office certificates to sell; and two negro wenchies, which can be well recommended. New-York, October 10, 1787. 26—t. th.

It is an important question, whether the general government of the United States should be so framed, as to absorb and swallow up the state governments? or whether, on the contrary, the former ought not to be confined to certain defined national objects, while the latter should retain all the powers which concern the internal police of the states?
I have, in my former papers, offered a variety of arguments to prove, that a simple free government could not be exercised over this whole continent, and that therefore we must either give up our liberties and submit to an arbitrary one, or frame a constitution on the plan of confederation. Further reasons might be urged to prove this point—but it seems unnecessary, because the principal advocates of the new constitution admit of the position. The question therefore between us, this being admitted, is, whether or not this system is so framed as either directly to annihilate the state governments, or that in its operation it will certainly effect it. If this is answered in the affirmative, then the system ought not to be adopted, without such amendments as will avoid this consequence. If on the contrary it can be shewn, that the state governments are secured in their rights to manage the internal police of the respective states, we must confine ourselves in our enquiries to the organization of the government and the guards and provisions it contains to prevent a misuse or abuse of power. To determine this question, it is requisite, that we fully investigate the nature, and the extent of the powers intended to be granted by this constitution to the rulers.
In my last number I called your attention to this subject, and proved, as I think, uncontroversibly, that the powers given the legislature under the 8th section of the 1st article, had no other limitation than the discretion of the Congress. It was shewn, that even if the most favorable construction was given to this paragraph, that the advocates for the new constitution could wish, it will convey a power to lay and collect taxes, imposts, duties, and excises, according to the discretion of the legislature, and to make all laws which they shall judge proper and necessary to carry this power into execution. This I shewed would totally destroy all the power of the state governments. To confirm this, it is worth while to trace the operation of the government in some particular instances.
The general government is to be vested with authority to levy and collect taxes, duties, and excises; the separate states have also power to impose taxes, duties, and excises, except that they cannot lay duties on exports and imports without the consent of Congress. Here then the two governments have concurrent jurisdiction; both may lay impositions of this kind. But then the general government have superadded to this power, authority to make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying the foregoing power into execution. Suppose then that both governments should lay taxes, duties, and excises, and it should fall so heavy on the people that they would be unable, or be so burdensome that they would refuse to pay them both—would it not be necessary that the general legislature should suspend the collection of the state tax? It certainly would. For, if the people could not, or would not pay both, they must be discharged from the tax to the state, or the tax to the general government could not be collected.—The conclusion therefore is inevitable, that the respective state governments will not have the power to raise one shilling in any way, but by the permission of the Congress. I presume no one will pretend, that the states can exercise legislative authority, or administer justice among their citizens for any length of time, without being able to raise a sufficiency to pay those who administer their governments.
If this be true, and if the states can raise money only by permission of the general government, it follows that the state governments will be dependent on the will of the general government for their existence.
What will render this power in Congress effectual and sure in its operation is, that the government will have complete judicial and executive authority to carry all their laws into effect, which will be paramount to the judicial and executive authority of the individual states: in vain therefore will be all interference of the legislatures, courts, or magistrates of any of the states on the subject; for they will be subordinate to the general government, and engaged by oath to support it, and will be constitutionally bound to submit to their decisions.
The general legislature will be empowered to lay any tax they chuse, to annex any penalties they please to the breach of their revenue laws; and to appoint as many officers as they may think proper to collect the taxes. They will have authority to farm the revenues and to vest the farmer general, with his subalterns, with plenary powers to collect them, in any way which to them may appear eligible. And the courts of law, which they will be authorized to institute, will have cognizance of every case arising under the revenue laws, the conduct of all the officers employed in collecting them; and the officers of these courts will execute their judgments. There is no way, therefore, of avoiding the destruction of the state governments, whenever the Congress pleases to do it, unless the people rise up, and, with a strong hand, resist and prevent the execution of constitutional laws. The fear of this, will, it is presumed, restrain the general government, for some time, within proper bounds; but it will not be many years before they will have a revenue, and force, at their command, which will place them above any apprehensions on that score.
How far the power to lay and collect duties and excises, may operate to dissolve the state governments, and oppress the people, it is impossible to say. It would assist us much in forming a just opinion on this head, to consider the various objects to which this kind of taxes extend, in European nations, and the infinity of laws they have passed respecting them. Perhaps, if leisure will permit, this may be shewn in some future paper.
It was observed in my last number, that the power to lay and collect duties and excises, would
invest the Congress with authority to impose a duty and excise on every necessary and convenient of life. As the principal object of the government, in laying a duty or excise, will be, to raise money, it is obvious, that they will fix on such articles as are of the most general use and consumption; because, unless great quantities of the article, on which the duty is laid, is used, the revenue cannot be considerable. We may therefore presume, that the articles which will be the object of this species of taxes will be either the real necessaries of life; or if not these, such as from custom and habit are esteemed so. I will single out a few of the productions of our own country, which may, and probably will, be of the number.
Cider is an article that most probably will be one of those on which an excise will be laid, because it is one, which this country produces in great abundance, which is in very general use, is consumed in great quantities, and which may be laid too not to be a real necessary of life. An excise on this would raise a large sum of money in the United States. How would the power, to lay and collect an excise on cider, and to pass all laws proper and necessary to carry it into execution, operate in its exercise? It might be necessary, in order to collect the excise on cider, to grant to one man, in each county, an exclusive right of building and keeping cider-mills, and oblige him to give bonds and security for payment of the excise; or, if this was not done, it might be necessary to license the mills, which are to make this liquor, and to take from them security, to account for the excise; or, if otherwise, a great number of officers must be employed, to take account of the cider made, and to collect the duties on it.
Porter, ale, and all kinds of malt-liquors, are articles that would probably be subject also to an excise. It would be necessary, in order to collect such an excise, to regulate the manufacture of these, that the quantity made might be ascertained, or otherwise security could not be had for the payment of the excise. Every brewery must then be licensed, and officers appointed, to take account of its product, and to secure the payment of the duty, or excise, before it is sold. Many other articles might be named, which would be objects of this species of taxation, but I refrain from enumerating them. It will probably be said, by those who advocate this system, that the observations already made on this head, are calculated only to inflame the minds of the people, with the apprehension of dangers merely imaginary. That there is not the least reason to apprehend, the general legislature will exercise their power in this manner. To this I would only say, that these kinds of taxes exist in Great Britain, and are severely felt. The excise on cider and perry, was imposed in that nation a few years ago, and it is in the memory of every one, who read the history of the transaction, what great tumults it occasioned.
This power, exercised without limitation, will introduce itself into every corner of the city, and country—It will wait upon the ladies at their toilet, and will not leave them in any of their domestic concerns; it will accompany them to the ball, the play, and the assembly; it will go with them when they visit, and will, on all occasions, sit beside them in their carriages, nor will it desert them even at church; it will enter the house of every gentleman, watch over his cellar, wait upon his cook in the kitchen, follow the servants into the parlour, preside over the table, and note down all he eats or drinks; it will attend him to his bed-chamber, and watch him while he sleeps; it will take cognizance of the professional man in his office, or his study; it will watch the merchant in the counting-house, or in his store; it will follow the mechanic to his shop, and in his work, and will haunt him in his family, and in his bed; it will be a constant companion of the industrious farmer in all his labour, it will be with him in the house, and in the field, observe the toil of his hands, and the sweat of his brow; it will penetrate into the most obscure cottage; and finally, it will light upon the head of every person in the United States. To all these different classes of people, and in all these circumstances, in which it will attend them, the language in which it will address them, will be GIVE! GIVE!
A power that has such latitude, which reaches every person in the community in every conceivable circumstance, and lays hold of every species of property they possess, and which has no bounds set to it, but the discretion of those who exercise it. I say, such a power must necessarily, from its very nature, swallow up all the power of the state governments.
I shall add but one other observation on this head, which is this—It appears to me a solecism, for two men, or bodies of men, to have unlimited power respecting the same object. It contradicts the scripture maxim, which saith, "no man can serve two masters," the one power or the other must prevail, or else they will destroy each other, and neither of them effect their purpose. It may be compared to two mechanic powers, acting upon the same body in opposite directions, the consequence would be, if the powers were equal, the body would remain in a state of rest, or if the force of the one was superior to that of the other, the stronger would prevail, and overcome the resistance of the weaker.
But it is said, by some of the advocates of this system, "That the idea that Congress can levy taxes at pleasure, is false, and the suggestion wholly unsupported: that the preamble to the constitution is declaratory of the purposes of the union, and the assumption of any power not necessary to establish justice, &c. to provide for the common defence, &c. will be unconstitutional. Besides, in the very clause which gives the power of levying duties and taxes, the purposes to which the money shall be appropriated, are specified, viz. to pay the debts, and provide for the common defence and general welfare." * I would ask those, who reason thus, to define what ideas are included under the terms, to provide for the common defence and general welfare? Are these terms definite, and will they be understood in the same manner, and to apply to the same cases by every one? No one will pretend they will. It will then be matter of opinion, what tends to the general welfare; and the Congress will be the only judges in the matter. To provide for the ge-
* Vide an examination into the leading principles of the federal constitution, printed in Philadelphia, Page 34.
neral welfare, is an abstract proposition, which mankind differ in the explanation of, as much as they do on any political or moral proposition that can be proposed; the most opposite measures may be pursued by different parties, and both may profess, that they have in view the general welfare; and both sides may be honest in their professions, or both may have sinister views. Those who advocate this new constitution declare, they are influenced by a regard to the general welfare; those who oppose it, declare they are moved by the same principle; and I have no doubt but a number on both sides are honest in their professions; and yet nothing is more certain than this, that to adopt this constitution, and not to adopt it, cannot both of them be promotive of the general welfare.
It is as absurd to say, that the power of Congress is limited by these general expressions, "to provide for the common safety, and general welfare," as it would be to say, that it would be limited, had the constitution said they should have power to lay taxes, &c. at will and pleasure. Where this authority given, it might be said, that under it the legislature could not do injustice, or pursue any measures, but such as were calculated to promote the public good, and happiness. For every man, rulers as well as others, are bound by the immutable laws of God and reason, always to will what is right. It is certainly right and fit, that the governors of every people should provide for the common defence and general welfare; every government, therefore, in the world, even the greatest despot, is limited in the exercise of his power. But however just this reasoning may be, it would be found, in practice, a most pitiful restriction. The government would always say, their measures were designed and calculated to promote the public good; and there being no judge between them and the people, the rulers themselves must, and would always, judge for themselves.
There are others of the favourers of this system, who admit, that the power of the Congress under it, with respect to revenue, will exist without limitation, and contend, that so it ought to be.
It is said, "The power to raise armies, to build and equip fleets, and to provide for their support, ought to exist without limitation, because it is impossible to foresee, or to define, the extent and variety of national exigencies, or the correspondent extent and variety of the means which may be necessary to satisfy them."
This, it is said, "is one of those truths which, to correct and unprejudiced minds, carries its own evidence along with it. It rests upon axioms as simple as they are universal: the means ought to be proportioned to the end; the person, from whose agency the attainment of any end is expected, ought to possess the means by which it is to be attained."
This same writer insinuates, that the opponents to the plan promulgated by the convention, manifests a want of candor, in objecting to the extent of the powers proposed to be vested in this government; because he asserts, with an air of confidence, that the powers ought to be unlimited as to the object to which they extend; and that this position, if not self-evident, is at least clearly demonstrated by the foregoing mode of reasoning. But with submission to this author's better judgment, I humbly conceive his reasoning will appear, upon examination, more specious than solid. The means, says the gentleman, ought to be proportioned to the end; admit the proposition to be true it is then necessary to enquire, what is the end of the government of the United States, in order to draw any just conclusions from it. Is this end simply to preserve the general government, and to provide for the common defence and general welfare of the union only? certainly not: for beside this, the state governments are to be supported, and provision made for the managing such of their internal concerns as are allotted to them. It is admitted, "that the circumstances of our country are such, as to demand a compound, instead of a simple, a confederate, instead of a sole government;" that the objects of each ought to be pointed out, and that each ought to possess ample authority to execute the powers committed to them. The government then, being complex in its nature, the end it has in view is so also; and it is as necessary, that the state governments should possess the means to attain the ends expected from them, as for the general government. Neither the general government, nor the state governments, ought to be vested with all the powers proper to be exercised for promoting the ends of government. The powers are divided between them—certain ends are to be attained by the one, and other certain ends by the other; and these, taken together, include all the ends of good government. This being the case, the conclusion follows, that each should be furnished with the means, to attain the ends, to which they are designed.
To apply this reasoning to the case of revenue; the general government is charged with the care of providing for the payment of the debts of the United States; supporting the general government, and providing for the defence of the union. To obtain these ends, they should be furnished with means. But does it thence follow, that they should command all the revenues of the United States? Most certainly it does not. For if so, it will follow, that no means will be left to attain other ends, as necessary to the happiness of the country, as those committed to their care. The individual states have debts to discharge; their legislatures and executives are to be supported, and provision is to be made for the administration of justice in the respective states. For these objects the general government has no authority to provide; nor is it proper it should. It is clear then, that the states should have the command of such revenues, as to answer the ends they have to obtain. To say, "that the circumstances that endanger the safety of nations are infinite," and from hence to infer, that all the sources of revenue in the states should be yielded to the general government, is not conclusive reasoning: for the Congress are authorized only to control in general concerns, and not regulate local and internal ones; and these are as essentially requisite to be provided for as those. The peace and happiness of a community is as intimately connected with the prudent direction of their domestic affairs, and the due administration of justice among themselves, as with a competent provision for their defence against foreign invaders, and indeed more so.
Upon the whole, I conceive, that there cannot be a clearer position than this, that the state go-
† Vide the Federalist, No. 23.
vernments ought to have an uncontrollable power to raise a revenue, adequate to the exigencies of their governments; and, I presume, no such power is left them by this constitution.
AS the press has teemed with productions respecting the new constitution, it is to be presumed, that most of you have already formed an opinion, as to its general principles; it is, therefore not my intention to trouble you with any remarks on those parts, which have been discussed; but, to call your attention to a point, which has been entirely unnoticed, and which appears to be sufficiently interesting and important to demand the most serious consideration.
It is necessary to premise, that the proposed constitution, if adopted, must be considered, as an original compact, deriving its sanction from the concurrence of the people, totally abolishing the existing federal system, and establishing a government, different in style, construction, and principles:—And as there is no provision made, for continuing in force the acts and ordinances of the present confederation; they, of course, will be abrogated.
The convention that formed our state constitution acted upon this principle, when they ordained, that the common and statute laws of England, together with the acts of the colonial legislature, and the resolutions of the convention, should continue to be the law of the state; but even if this should be an erroneous position, yet by the dissolution of the present system and its different offices, it is obvious that the acts and ordinances made under it, will become inapplicable and inefficient. Now, as it is declared by the new constitution, that no ex post facto laws shall be passed, will not all responsibility in those, who have been entrusted with the management of our monied concerns, be destroyed by this absolute and unqualified prohibition? Will not all laws, enacted by the general legislature, to oblige delinquents to account for the public treasure in their hands, come under the description of ex post facto laws, and as repugnant to the constitution, be nugatory and void?
The 1st paragraph of the 6th article, directs, that all debts contracted, and engagements entered into, before the adoption of this constitution, shall be as valid against the United States, under this constitution as under the confederation.—It was highly proper to give this security to our national creditors; the provision however, evinces it to have been the sense of the framers of the new constitution, that the acts and ordinances, by which the federal debts were contracted, and engagements entered into, would become void by the establishment of this new government—for, upon this principle only, it could have been deemed necessary. There is something very remarkable in the language of this clause—it provides, that all debts contracted, and engagements entered into, before the adoption of the constitution, should be valid against the United States.—But there is nothing which ordains, that debts due to the United States, or contracts in their favor, shall be valid—although such a provision, it is evident, was equally essential and necessary.
That the secret committees of Congress, who, for a long time, possessed the uncontrollable command of the key of the continental treasury—drew from thence immense sums of money—and that large sums, have also, from time to time, been issued by resolutions of Congress, to the different officers of the various staff departments, are uncontrollable facts, and that a great proportion of those monies, to the amount of some millions of dollars, remains to this day unaccounted for, cannot be denied, and if it should, I presume a recurrence to the treasury, and other public offices, will establish it beyond the possibility of dispute.
The people of America are impoverished by a long and ruinous war, borne down with taxes; and it requires their utmost exertions to pay their foreign and domestic debts. In this situation, my fellow citizens, would it be prudent, would it be justifiable, like a neighbouring state, to commence a jubilee, kindle up bonfires, set your bells ringing, and execute a general release to the public debtors—debtors who have sported away your substance in the hour of your distress, and who now wantonly riot on the spoils of your bleeding country?—it certainly would not. You ought therefore seriously to consider, before you give your fiat to an instrument, which will inevitably annihilate the debts due to the United States. I am sensible, ex post facto laws are generally deemed dangerous and iniquitous—and, in this point of view, their prohibition has been held out, by the advocates of the new constitution, as a lure for its adoption. History, and daily experience however, evince their necessity in some cases, particularly for the purpose of bringing to justice, concerned in the management of public monies, to justice. It is well worthy of observation, my friends and fellow citizens, that by the new constitution, our most inalienable rights, the trial by jury, and the freedom of the press; nay, even the liberty of conscience, are committed to the mercy of the general government, without a single stipulation for their security, and you are told by its advocates, that these important privileges are safely deposited. That the dangers apprehended from their abuse are imaginary and idle—and that from the nature of the government, a bill of rights would have been superfluous and ridiculous. How then are we to reconcile this restriction of power, in the representatives of the people, as to ex post facto laws, with the assertion that all power may be safely entrusted to them. Is it not a solecism in politics, through fear of the abuse of a power, which is in some instances absolutely necessary, totally to prohibit a government from the exercise of it—and yet commit our most important rights (which can never be necessary to promote the public good) into their hand, without the least limitation; you have been informed, in a speech made in favour of the new constitution, by one of its framers, and who (if credit can be given to common sense) took a principle lead in the business, that "it is the nature of man to pursue his own interest in preference to the public good,"—and as it is well known, that there were gentlemen in the convention of great weight and influence, who have, in divers characters, been most largely concerned in the monied transactions of the United States, and whose accounts remain unsettled is, it uncharitable to conclude, that they were influenced by the above sentiment of their friend and colleague, and consequently

Reasons to establish a principle which would effectually preclude a settlement of their accounts; and is not rendered the more probable, by the consideration, that their agents and connections throughout the States, are the warmest advocates, for its precipitate adoption even before the people could have time to understand its principles and reflect upon the resulting consequences.
It is, however, immaterial to the public, whether the clause against ex post facto laws, proceeded from corruption or inattention; its effects will be the same.
A REPUBLICAN.
THE ADDRESS AND REASONS OF DISSENT OF THE MINORITY OF THE CONVENTION OF THE STATE OF PENNSYLVANIA, TO THEIR CONSTITUENTS.
It was not until after the termination of the late glorious contest, which made the people of the United States an independent nation, that any defect was discovered in the present confederation. It was formed by some of the ablest patriots in America. It carried us successfully through the war; and the virtue and patriotism of the people, with their disposition to promote the common cause, supplied the want of power in Congress.
The requisition of Congress for the five per cent. impost was made before the peace, so early as the first of February, 1781, but was prevented taking effect by the refusal of one state; yet it is probable every state in the union would have agreed to this measure, at that period, had it not been for the extravagant terms in which it was demanded. The requisition was new moulded in the year 1783, and accompanied with an additional demand of certain supplementary funds for 25 years. Peace had now taken place, and the United States found themselves laboring under a considerable foreign and domestic debt, incurred during the war. The requisition of 1783, was commensurate with the interest of the debt as it was then calculated; but it has been more accurately ascertained since that time. The domestic debt has been found to fall several millions of dollars short of the calculation, and it has lately been considerably diminished by large sales of the western lands. The states have been called on by Congress annually for supplies, until the general system of finance, proposed in 1783, should take place.
It was at this time that the want of an efficient federal government was first complained of, and that the powers vested in Congress were found to be inadequate to the procuring of the benefits that should result from the union. The impost was granted by most of the states, but many refused the supplementary funds; the annual requisitions were set at nought by some of the states, while others complied with them by legislative acts, but were tardy in their payments, and Congress found themselves incapable of complying with their engagements, and supporting the federal government. It was found, that our national character was sinking in the opinion of foreign nations. The Congress could make treaties of commerce, but could not enforce the observance of them. We were suffering from the restrictions of foreign nations, who had shackled our commerce, while we were unable to retaliate: and all now agreed that it would be advantageous to the union to enlarge the powers of Congress; that they should be enabled in the amplest manner to regulate commerce, and to lay and collect duties on the imports throughout the United States. With this view a convention was first proposed by Virginia, and finally recommended by Congress for the different states to appoint deputies to meet in convention, "for the purpose of revising and amending the present articles of confederation so as to make them adequate to the exigencies of the union." This recommendation the legislatures of twelve states complied with so hastily as not to consult their constituents on the subject; and though the different legislatures had no authority from their constituents for the purpose, they probably apprehended the necessity would justify the measure; and none of them extended their ideas, at that time, further than "revising and amending the present articles of confederation." Pennsylvania, by the act appointing deputies, expressly confined their powers to this object; and though it is probable that some of the members of the assembly of this state, had at that time in contemplation to annihilate the present confederation, as well as the constitution of Pennsylvania, yet the plan was not sufficiently matured to communicate it to the public.
The majority of the legislature of this commonwealth, were at that time under the influence of the members from the city of Philadelphia. They agreed that the deputies sent by them to convention should have no compensation for their services, which determination was calculated to prevent the election of any member who resided at a distance from the city. It was in vain for the minority to attempt electing delegates to the convention who understood the circumstances and the feelings of the people, and had a common interest with them. They found a disposition in the leaders of the majority of the house to choose themselves and some of their dependents. The minority attempted to prevent this by agreeing to vote for some of the leading members, who they knew had influence enough to be appointed at any rate, in hopes of carrying with them some respectable citizens of Philadelphia, in whose principles and integrity they could have more confidence; but even in this they were disappointed, except in one member: the eighth member was added at a subsequent session of the assembly. [To be continued.]
American Occurrences.
BOSTON, December 20.
LAST Saturday morning, between the hours of 8 and 9 o'clock, a fire was discovered upon the roof of the lieutenant governor's house; the shingles being very dry it is apprehended that it must have been occasioned by some sparks from a chimney a little to the westward, which had been on fire the same morning. By the immediate attention of the citizens, the fire was speedily and happily extinguished.
Saturday evening last, between 7 and 8 o'clock, four armed foot-pads, made an attack on Mr. Caleb Coolidge, as he was on his way from Cambridge to this town. The circumstances of this piece of
villainy are nearly as follows: Mr. Coolidge having come from Providence that day, quitted the stage at Roxbury, where he took a horse to carry him to Cambridge, he having business there, which occasioned his departure from the direct road to Boston. Soon after he left Cambridge, he quitted the horse, and dismissed the boy who came thus far with him to carry the horse back. Thinking himself out of danger, he came along down the road, singly, and on foot, without any interruption, until within about a mile and an half of Charles-river-bridge, where he was stopped by a man whom Mr. Coolidge took to be an Irishman. The fellow bid Mr. Coolidge stand, which he did; and on being ordered to deliver his money, he hesitated a moment, and the fellow persisting in his demands, Mr. Coolidge, with a stout stick, struck him over the head, which laid the miscreant to the ground. Immediately, as Mr. Coolidge was going away, three other scoundrels, whom he did not suspect were so near, came up and forced from him his watch, pocket-book, and cash, to the amount of 2531. with which they made off.
Thursday afternoon, as Mr. William Gardner was turning a cart, loaded with gravel, down the avenue leading to Mr. C. White's stable, the wheels falling suddenly into a gutter, projected the shafts forward, one of which struck the said Gardner in his side so forcibly, as to put a period to his existence in a few moments. A striking instance of the uncertainty of human life.
Last evening about eight o'clock, the Goal in this town was discovered to be on fire, but by the usual activity of the inhabitants it was soon extinguished, without any material damage. It was probably set on fire by some of the prisoners, in order to make their escape.
New-York, December 27.
OUR country friends, and patrons, will, doubtless, expect some NEWS, as well as POLITICALS, in this day's Journal: what there is in circulation, though it must be acknowledged to occupy but a small proportion of the paper, is here inferred. What, would any one with FALSEHOODS to be communicated, that TRUTH might abound! The genuine spirit of a printing-press forbids it: therefore, as the PAROLE of the day is NEW CONSTITUTION, the counterfeign STATE CONVENTIONS, and the RAGE of the season, is, Hallow, damme, Jack, what are you, boy, FEDERAL or ANTI-FEDERAL?—Constitution must be the burthen of the song, until some dread news attract the public attention.
As for state conventions, every state in the union has appointed one, except SOUTH-CAROLINA, NEW-YORK, and RHODE-ISLAND; we have, however, no very authentic accounts of North-Carolina having agreed to one; the grand jury of Edenton, in that state, has PRESENTED the new constitution as a great and important acquisition; and a respectable number of the county of Chowan are very taken with it.
It is cried with vehemence, "printers are partial,"—they either print on one side or the other, &c. &c. Ob! They doubtless print what is sent them—for a printer, as a printer, has no choice so long as parties are not decided; he admits every good essay; and if it should happen to appear partial, pray, leige, our readers, whoever are so nicely distinguishing, do not stigmatize the printers, but take one paper of each sort.
To please is the great wish of a printer; but, to please he must not, this week, sit down and formally inform his readers, that, yesterday arrived a ship in 19 days from England, and met half way the favorite anticipations of the occidentals, by confirming the late reports of a WAR with England and France—for there is not a word of truth in it; neither has any vessel arrived from Europe since the last publication of the New-York Journal and Weekly Register.
A gentleman was expressing his wonder, why Rhode-Island did not take up the new constitution for consideration, to which a wag replied, "What the devil business have they with it, since only TWELVE guns were fired at Philadelphia upon its adoption by that state."
Yesterday cleared at the Custom House, the ship Jay, Randall, for Madeira and Canton; ship Princess Royal, Dawes, Madeira; ship Jenny, Smith, Londonderry; and sloop Resolution, Reading, for Dublin.
A correspondent requests Mr. Greenleaf will insert the following in his paper.—We hear from Boston, that Mr. Powers, the printer, has acted an independent part, and like a genuine friend to his country, has published pieces for and against the proposed constitution, notwithstanding the attempts in that place to destroy the freedom of the press by making it partial to the friends of the constitution. He has not attempted, as many of the other printers have, to prejudice customers against demonstrative arguments, proving the necessity of amendments before the constitution, if adopted, by stigmatizing them with being Anti-Federal, and by his patriotic conduct has lost several of his customers. It is hoped therefore, that all friends to liberty in this city, Philadelphia, and other places, who take the Boston papers, will give the preference to such printers as have spirit enough to be impartial, and a competent knowledge of the genuine meaning of this emphatical sentence, "FREEDOM OF THE PRESS."
A correspondent begs leave to state the amount of Dr. Franklin's speech in the Federal Convention—it is this—"I think the system is an imperfect one, and were I to consult my own judgment only, I would not recommend it—but there is a majority who differ from me, and as I am sensible that my own opinions are not infallible, I am determined that my conduct shall not be obstinate." If General Washington's reasons for signing this federal work, was the same, what becomes of the great argument founded upon the approbation of these illustrious patriots?
Extract of a letter from a gentleman in Trenton to his friend in Philadelphia, dated December 18th, 1787.
"I can with pleasure inform you, that this day the Convention of New-Jersey passed and ratified the constitution of the United States, unanimously. On the 4th instant, at Savannah, the following gentlemen were elected members of the convention for Chatham county. William Stephens, J. Habersham, and Thomas Gibbons."
Proceedings of the General Court of New-Hampshire.
In the House of Representatives, Dec. 11, 1787. VOTED, That the proceedings of the federal convention, transmitted to the general court by Congress, be submitted to a convention to be chosen by the people, for their consideration and decision.
Voted, That four hundred copies of the constitution, proposed by the federal convention, for the government of the United States, be forthwith printed, and sent to the several towns in this state, as soon as may be.
Voted, That Mr. N. Peabody, Mr. Pickering, Mr. Wingate, Mr. Badger, Mr. Gove, Mr. Emerson, Mr. Copland, Mr. Whitcomb, Mr. Simpson, and Mr. Baker, with such of the honourable Senate as they shall join, be a committee to consider what number the proposed convention shall consist of, the mode of election, and time and place of meeting, and report thereon.
December 12.
The committee, appointed to consider what number the proposed convention shall consist of, &c. reported, That the proposed convention consist of the same number of delegates as the several towns and places are now entitled to send as representatives to the general court, and to be chosen in the same manner, with this addition, that those towns which, by the present mode of representation, are not classed with any other town, nor entitled to send by themselves, may send one delegate from each town; that the qualifications of the delegates shall be the same as those required by the constitution for representatives, excepting what is called the exclusion bill shall not have any effect in the choice of delegates; that the convention meet at Exeter, on the second Wednesday of February next. Signed Ebenezer Thompson, for the committee. Which report, being read and considered, Voted, That it be received and accepted.
Voted, That the delegates to be chosen for the proposed convention, have the same allowance for their trouble, as the members of the present general court.
Voted, That Mr. Pickering, Mr. N. Peabody, and Mr. Simpson, with such of the honourable Senate as they shall join, be a committee to prepare a precept, or a resolve, to be sent to the several towns and districts in this state, for the choice of delegates to the state convention, to be held at Exeter, on the second Wednesday of February next, and lay the same before this house.
TO BE SOLD, At PUBLIC AUCTION, THIS DAY, At the Coffee-House Bridge, at XII o'Clock, 195 Sides Tanned Leather, Forfeited to the People of this State, and the Informants, And SOLD by Virtue of a Decree of the COURT OF ADMIRALTY. J. GRAHAM, Marshall.
State of New-York, ss. WHEREAS all the real estate of which James M'Cluer, late of Southold, in the county of Suffolk, trader, deceased, died seized, has been sold by an order of Peter Ogilvie, Esq. judge of the court of Probates of this state, for the payment of his debts; all persons who have any demands against the estate of the said James M'Cluer are hereby notified and desired to produce the same to the said judge of the said court of Probates, at the dwelling-house of Ezra L'HOMMEU, in Southold, in Suffolk county on Nassau Island, on the twenty-eighth day of March next, when and where a final settlement and distribution of the said estate will be made. Given under my hand, at the Probate Office in the city of New-York, the twenty-sixth day of December, in the year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and eighty-seven. 75 lb. 6w. PETER OGILVIE.
Ran away, from Cape Francois, A MULATTO MAN, Named JACQUES or JAMES, A CREOLE, from Martinico.
AN excellent kitchen and pastry COOK, 26 or 27 years of age, about 5 feet 9 inches high, middling thick, his legs are much warped, much pock-marked, a very large mouth, small eyes and funk, a large forehead and long necked; he has a kind of ring-worm on one of his arms, and has a difficulty in his speech, stammering a little—He left Cape Francois in the beginning of May last, and was supposed to have taken passage for this continent. Whoever secures said Mulatto Man, and gives intelligence, will be handsomely rewarded, and all reasonable charges paid. Enquire at No. 15, Queen-Street. 73—e.d.
Masters & Owners of Vessels
Are hereby informed, THAT they may be supplied with cables, large or small of any length, and cordage of all sizes, made of Petersburg hemp, first quality, at Ivers's Rope-walk, at the head of Mulberry-street, the first left hand turn above the Tea-Water Pump, on such favorable terms as to merit the attention of any gentleman that would wish to lay out his money to the best advantage. Cables spliced, with the addition of any length required, white rope of every sort for city or country use, hambo lines, deep sea lines, hand lead lines, log lines, houseline, and marine, &c. &c. by H. IVERS, Rope-maker.
N. B. The above articles, whether in large or small quantities, will be delivered to any part of the city without expence of cartage to the buyer. New-York, Dec. 7, 1787. 58 e.d.
MARSHALL'S Porter and Oyster-House, Is now opened at the corner of Cortlandt and Greenwich-Streets, opposite Powles-Hook Ferry-House, at the North-River—where every exertion will be put in force to render those who will favor him with their commands agreeable. New-York, Dec. 12, 1787. 63 e.d.
TO BE SOLD, A Valuable Plantation,
Situate on PENN'S NECK. Within four miles of PRINCETON; CONTAINING,
THREE hundred acres, with a sufficient quantity of meadow, lying on Millstone Creek; about 50 acres is excellent good timber land; the remainder, as good land for all kinds of grain as any about Princeton; all in good fence. There are on the premises, a very good large dwelling house, a large barn all covered with cedar; a waggon-house, with out houses, all in good order; large orchard that will produce 100 barrels of cider a year, with other fruit trees; a very fine well of water at the door; the situation is high, and has a fine prospect of Princeton College. This farm is rendered more delightful and convenient by the contiguous situation of a large branch of Millstone River.
Also, a Lot of excellent Wood Land, near the same, containing 58 acres; it lies convenient to divide into two farms, and will be sold separate, or the whole together, as may best suit the purchaser.
Also, the Stone Tavern and Lot of Land in Princeton, known by the sign of the thirteen stars, whereon is a large new built shed, &c. all in good order, with a fine well of water at the kitchen door: the house is well known to be very convenient, as it has been kept as a tavern for many years.
Also, a Lot of Land of twelve acres, near this town, which may all be made into meadow.
A good and indisputable title will be given for any of the above premises.—For terms apply to the subscriber, at the sign of the Collar in Princeton. JACOB G. BERGEN. Princeton, Dec. 5, 1787. 60 th.
At a Court of Probates of the State of New-York, held, at the Probate-Office in the City of New-York, on the nineteenth Day of December, in the Year of our Lord one Thousand Seven Hundred and Eighty-Seven.
P R E S E N T.
The Honorable PETER OGILVIE, Esq. Judge of the said Court.
WHEREAS Richard Davis, and Isaac Alline, administrators of Stephen Dwight, with his will annexed, late of Newark, in the county of Essex, and state of New-Jersey, deceased, have by their petition, presented to the said judge, for forth, that the said Stephen Dwight was at the time of his death, seized of a real estate within this state, that the petitioners have made a just and true account of the personal estate and debts of the said Stephen Dwight, as far as they have been able to discover the same; and that thereby it appears, that the personal estate of the said Stephen Dwight was insufficient to pay his debts, and therefore requested the aid of the said judge in the premises, according to the directions of the act, entitled, "An act for the relief of creditors against heirs, devisees, executors, and administrators, and for proving wills respecting real estates;" and the said petitioners have delivered to the said judge the account in the said petition mentioned; thereupon it is ordered by the said judge, that all persons interested in the estate of the said Stephen Dwight do appear before the judge, of the said court of Probates, at the Probate-Office, in the city of New-York, on the eleventh day of February next, to show cause, if any they have, why so much of the real estate, whereof the said Stephen Dwight died seized, should not be sold, as will be sufficient to pay his debts. 70—lb. 4w. PETER OGILVIE.
JACOB REED, jun.
At his OFFICE, No. 20, Queen-Street, near the Fly-Market.
BUYS, SELLS, and EXCHANGES,
SECURITIES of the United States, and of this state, and furnishes on the most reasonable terms, such certificates as are receivable on the sales of public lands, and for the arrearages of quit-rents within this state.
Also, certificates that will pay for the lands largely sold, as well as those granted to certain companies, by the United States.
In fact, every transaction, both in the Continental and state FUNDS, negotiated with dispatch, and on the most easy terms.
MONEY EXCHANGES.
The paper money of this state at all times exchanged for specie, which is re-exchanged for paper money, at only half per cent. advance from the giving rate.
New-York, Dec. 13, 1787. 62—e.d.
NOTICE is hereby given by the petitioning creditors of DANIEL STRANG, of Rye, in the county of West-Chester, and state of New-York, late merchant, an insolvent debtor, to show cause to the said Chief Justice, at his chamber, situate in Nassau-Street, in the city of New-York, on Thursday, the third day of January next, at ten o'clock in the forenoon of the same day, why an assignment of the said debtor's estate should not be made, and the said debtor discharged, according to the form of an act of the legislature of the state, of New-York, entitled, "An act for the relief of insolvent debtors," passed the 13th day of April, 1786. DANIEL STRANG. Dated this 19th day of Dec. 1787. 65—e.d.
NOTICE is hereby given by the petitioning creditors of Isaac Vanduzer, an insolvent debtor, to all the creditors of said insolvent debtor, that they do appear before me Benjamin Blagge, Esq. one of the judges of the mayor's court of the city of New-York, at his office in Beekman's Street, on Monday, 31st inst. at ten o'clock in the morning, to show cause, if any they have, why an assignment of the estate of Isaac Vanduzer should not be made for the benefit of all his creditors, and the said Isaac Vanduzer be discharged, pursuant to the directions of an act of the legislature of the state of New-York, entitled, "An act for the relief of insolvent debtors," passed the 13th of April, 1786. I. A. C. VANDUZER. Dated this 19th day of December, 1787. 73—3t.

POET'S CORNER.
GO! tuneful bird, that glads the skies, To Daphny's window speed thy way, And there on trembling pinions rise, And there thy vocal art display: And if she deign thy notes to hear, And if she praise thy matin song, Tell her, the found that sooths her ear, To Damon's native plains belong. Tell her in livelier plumes array'd, The bird from India's groves may shine; But aught the lovely, partial maid, What are his notes compar'd with thine? Then bid her treat yon witless beau, And all his flaunting race with scorn, And lend an ear to Damon's woe, Who sings her praise, but sings forlorn.
Alfize of BREAD,
As Established December 5, 1787. A Loaf of inspected superfine Wheat Flour to weigh Two Pounds Five Ounces for Six-pence. A Loaf of Rye Flour to weigh One Pound Twelve Ounces for Three-pence.
HIGH WATER.
This Day, Dec. 27. 11h. 30m. Afternoon.
THOMAS SMITH, BOOT and SHOE MAKER, LEATHER CUTTER, AND CURRIER,
Queen-Street, No. 179, Corner of Beekman or Chapel Street,
BEGS leave to inform his friends, and the public in general, that he carries on the above branches in an extensive manner. He makes an falls the following articles, wholesale and retail, viz.
   f. s. d.     Gentlemen's best boots with the best English legs and bend-foles, bound with Morocco, 2 12 0   Gentlemen's best boots turned down tops, best English legs and bend-foles, 2 10 0   Gentlemen's best boots with the best York legs and bend-foles, bound with Morocco, 2 8 0   Ditto best plain, ditto, York legs and bend-foles, 2 4 0   Ditto, ditto, with York legs and foles, 2 0 0   Ditto water boots with bend-foles, 2 0 0   Gentlemen's best calf-skin shoes with bound tops, 0 11 0   Mens strong shoes, from 8/ to 0 9 0   Ladies best silk shoes, 1 0 0   Ditto ditto, stuff ditto satin or cali- mance, 0 10 0   Ditto ditto leather lined and bound, 0 9 0   Ditto do. do. common, 0 8 0   Boys, Girls, and childrens shoes of all kinds.  
As also, all kinds of leather, whether for shoe- makers, saddlers, or harness-makers use.—English boot-legs, bend-foles as usual.
He wishes to inform the public, that, as he is determined to sell on the most reasonable terms, no credit on any account will be given, except to those of his former customers.
And likewise, that no shoes will be sent to any one for trial, except they be very well known, as he has already suffered too much loss on that account.
Country Store-keepers, and others, will find it to their advantage to deal at the above store, as they can be supplied with upper leathers, foles, half foles, &c. by the dozen, on the most reasonable terms.
Black-ball of excellent quality for cleaning boots or shoes, wholesale and retail.
N. B. Rough leather taken in and curried on the most reasonable terms. 24—ed. 5w.
Furniture Ware-House.
INDIA Paper Hangings,
Striped Sattin Hair Cloth,
Plain ditto, ditto,
Figured ditto, ditto,
Wilton Carpets,
Elegant Looking Glasses,
Fringes, Tassels, Cord, and Laces.
Some of the above articles are just received, and are for SALE, by
William Mooney,
UPHOLSTERER,
At his Furniture Warehouse,
Nassau-street, where the Upholstery Business is carried on in the most extensive Manner.
A general Assortment of common
Paper Hangings.
** Paper Hangings put up in the best Manner, as usual.
New-York, November 15, 1787.
This Day PUBLISHED,
And to be SOLD at this PRINTING-OFFICE, [Price TEN PENCE.]
The Mother's Catechism.
THIS Catechism is designed for the First, and should be taught to infants as an Introduction to those Catechisms which are not so easily understood. It is uniofally recommend- ed by Divines.
Just published by M. CAREY, In Philadelphia, and now to be SOLD, By THOMAS ALLEN, Book-Seller, in Queen-street, New-York (By whom Subscriptions are received)
THE American Museum,
For NOVEMBER, 1787.
CONTAINING,
Strictures on the new Federal Constitution.
OBJECTIONS to the proposed plan of fe- deral government. By an officer of the late continental army.
2 Answers to the preceding objections.
3 Address to the inhabitants of New-Jersey.
4 The federalist.
Rural Concerns.
5 Address from the Philadelphia society for pro- moting agriculture.
6 Chinese method of curing ginseng.
7 Tartarian ditto.
8 Instructions for the culture and use of maize, or Indian corn, as fodder for cattle. By mons. St. John de Crevecoeur.
9 Description of a plant of great utility in the improvement of poor and exhausted lands.
10 A valuable, cheap, and easily-procured win- ter food for cattle.
11 On raising potatoes.
12 On cotton planting.
13 Advantages of preserving parsnips by drying. By the Rev. Jeremy Belknap.
14 Receipts for preserving turnips from insects. By Philip Schuyler, Esq.
15 On the method of rearing young cattle.
16 On bee-keeping.
17 Receipt to preserve butter perfectly sweet whole year.
18 Quare addressed to the lovers of cyder.
19 Letter from Mr. Decius Wadsworth to Col. Jeremiah Wadsworth, relative to the Hessian fly.
20 Letter on the same subject.
Medical Essays.
21 On the use of mercurial preparations in the scariaticus anginoso. By Dr. William Currie.
22 Observations on the cause and cure of the tetanus. By Dr. Ruff.
23 Letter from Dr. Thomas Bond to Dr. Fo- thersgill, on the use of bark in scrophulous cases.
24 Relation of a cure performed by electricity. Communicated to the medical society in London, by Dr. Caldwell and Evens.
25 Receipts for the cure of a dysentery.
Law information.
26 Statement of a cause decided in the court of common pleas, Charleston, March 5, 1785.
27 Statement of an important and interesting cause decided in the court of king's bench, Loudon, July 20, 1787.
28 Interesting decision of the court of common pleas, in Philadelphia, August 3, 1787.
29 Law report—Green and Pollard vs. Shaffer. Judgment pronounced, Oct. 7, 1787.
Humour.
30 On the use of butlers.
31 Sufannah Trappe's complaint of the badness of the police.
32 On pronouncing dictionaries.
33 Plan for a wax-work legislature.
34 address to Gen. Burgoyne.
35 The old bachelor, No. I.
State and other public Papers.
36 Letter from the Hon. Roger Sherman and the Hon. Oliver Elsworth, Esq's. to governor Huntington.
37 Letter from the Hon. Elbridge Gerry, one of the delegates from the state of Massachusetts in the late federal convention, containing his reasons for not signing the new constitution.
38 General Burgoyne's pompous proclamation.
39 Speech of governor Hancock, October 18, 1787.
40 Premiums offered by the board of managers of the Pennsylvania society for the encouragement of manufactures and the useful arts.
41 Resolutions of the assembly of Virginia rela- tive to a paper currency.
42 ——— of respectable inhabitants of Berke- ley county.
43 ——— of the inhabitants of Fredericksburg, Virginia.
44 ——— of the freeholders of Frederic county, Virginia.
45 ——— of the inhabitants of Petersburg, Virginia.
46 Memorial of the college of physicians of Phi- ladelphia.
Interesting Laws.
47 Act for the receipt of tobacco in payment of taxes.
48 Act for the establishing religious freedom in Virginia.
49 Act to prevent the further importation of slaves into Virginia.
50 Act to prevent the slave trade, and to en- courage the abolition of slavery in Rhode-Island.
Resolves of Congress.
Resolve relative to the devices and inscrip- tions of the federal copper coin.
——— relative to the Indian war in Geor- gia.
53 ——— relative to foreign consuls.
54 ——— relative to the Hon. John Adams Esq.
55 ——— relative to the chevalier John Paul Jones.
56 ——— relative to the territorial claim of N. Carolina and Georgia.
57 ——— relative to a complaint made the Dutch minister.
Miscellaneous.
58 An oration delivered at Petersburg, Virgi- nia, July 4, 1787, in commemoration of American Independence.
 59 Account of the late revolution in Sweden.  60 Obs. on the means of extinguishing a fire.  61 Address to the ladies of America.  62 On the use of tobacco and snuff.  63 Account of three volcanos in the moon By W. Herschell.  64 Observations on the numb fish, or torporific eel. By H. C. Flagg.  65 Extract of a letter from the Hon. Thomas Jefferson, to Dr. Stiles.  66 Observations on the leech worm.  67 Letter relative to the devices and inscriptions of American medals. By Col. Humphreys.  68 Extract from an act to punish blasphemers. 
Poetry.
 69 Epistle to his excellency General Washing- ton.  70 On the death of Col. John Laurens. By Philip Freneau.  71 Prospect of South-Carolina. By the late Dr. Ladd.  72 The man of sorrow. By William More Smith, Esq.  The subscription for the American Museum is 18s. per annum, for two volumes, of 624 pages. This Work is also SOLD by Messrs. James Berry and Rogers, Mr. Hodge, and Mr. Loudon. New-York, Dec. 17, 1787. 66—e.d.
THE UNITED STATES
In CONGRESS assembled, July 23, 1787.
RESOLVED, That all persons having unliquidated claims against the Unit- ed States, pertaining to the late commissaries, quar- termasters, clothiers, or marine department, shall exhibit particular abstracts of such claims to the proper commissioner, appointed to settle the ac- counts of those departments, within eight months from the date hereof; and all persons having other unliquidated claims against the United States, shall exhibit a particular abstract thereof to the compl troller of the treasury of the United States, with- in one year from the date hereof; and all accounts not exhibited as aforesaid, shall be precluded from settlement or allowances.
TO BE LET, By
Moses Gomez,
A VACANT LOT, for one or a term of years, in Haze-street; 45 feet in length, and 21 feet; six inches in front, and 19 feet in the rear.
A L S O,
A VACANT LOT, in Ferry-street, seventy- five feet wide, and one hundred feet long. It faces Cliff and Chapple-streets. The said Lot will be let, either whole or in two separate Lots, as best suits the applicant.
MOSES GOMEZ.
PRIZE-MONEY,
Of the Squadron under John Paul Jones, Esquire, NOTICE is hereby given to those officers and men of the Frigates Alliance and Bon homme Richard, who are entitled to a share in the prizes taken by the squadron under the com- mand of John Paul Jones, Esq. that a division has been made of the proceeds of such prizes as were old in France, and that the shares will be paid to he respective claimants, or their legal representa- tives, on their producing, at this office, sufficient proof that they are the persons, or are empowered by the persons actually entitled to the shares they respectively claim.
Benjamin Walker, Commissioner. Office of accounts, Marine department.
THE PROPRIETORS of the
STAGE S,
Which ply between
New-York & Philadelphia,
Respectfully inform the PUBLIC,
THAT, after this date, their stage will leave Paules-Hook at three o'clock in the afternoon, and proceed to Elizabeth-Town; and that in order to accommodate passengers, one stage will leave Elizabeth-Town at day-light; and another stage leaves Newark at eight o'clock, and both stages go as far towards Philadelphia as the weather and roads will permit, during the winter season. December 13th, 1787. 46
Just PUBLISHED, and to be SOLD, at
T. GREENLEAF's
PRINTING-OFFICE, No. 25, Water-street.
OBSERVATIONS, leading to a
fair Examination of the Government propo- sed by the late CONVENTION, and to several essential and necessary Alterations.
A new, complete, and correct Edition of
Baron Steuben's Regulations
FOR THE
Order and Discipline
OF THE
Troops of the United States.
Part of this Edition is render- ed conformable to the Military establishment of this State, [The only printed Edition with such Alter- ations.] and the remaining Part correct Copies of the late Editions; each decorated with a half sheet Copper Plate Engraving. Price Three Shillings.
STAGE.
THE subscriber informs the pub- lic, and his friends in particular, that he now runs the STAGE from this to RYE, which Mr HALL formerly ran. This stage starts from Mr C. BEEKMAN's, No. 49, Cortlandt-street, on Mondays, and Thursdays, at five o'clock in the morning, and returns on Wednesdays, and Satur- days, at six o'clock in the evening.—As the subscriber has furnished himself with a very con- venient new Waggon, and good Horses, for the pur- pose, he flatters himself, that he shall be able to give those Gentlemen and Ladies, who please to favor him with their custom, universal satisfaction. N. B. The subscriber likewise keeps a very genteel COACH, with a good pair of HORSES, To LETT; likewise, Horses and Chairs, and Sad- dle Horses. Any order, left with Mr. Beekman, or at his stable, in Cortlandt-street, will be immedia- tely attended to, by the public's most humble servant, OBADIAH WRIGHT. Good STABLING for HORSES. New-York, Nov. 27, 1787. 49—e.d.
Craigie, Wainwright, & Co.
DRUGGISTS,
No. 37, Wall-Street, Corner of Hanover-Square, Have imported in the last SHIPs from Europe, A General Assortment of
DRUGS, MEDICINE, and
SURGEON's INSTRUMENTS,
which they will dispose of on very reasonable terms, for Cash, Bees-Wax, Snake-Root, Pot or Pearl-Ashes.
The following are Part of their Assortment;
   Genuine red Peruvian Bark, Glauber Salts,   Peruvian Bark, Opium,   Campher, Spanish Flies,   Calomel, Manna,   Antimony, Aloes,   Cream of Tartar, Aqua Fortis,   Flower of Sulphur, Borax,   Tartar Emetic, Gentian Root,   Spirituosa, Flowers of Lavender,   Jalap, Rhubarb, Flowers of Camomile,   Senna, &c.  
Surgeon's Instruments.
   Pocket Instruments, Lythotomical ditto,   Dissecting Knives, Cupping ditto,   Crooked Needles, Lint,   Teeth Instruments, Tow,   Lancets, Sponge,   Mortars, and Pestles, Pill Boxes,   Spatulas and Bolus Phials,   Knives, & cments. Gallipots, &c.  
At the same place may be had, a great variety
Genuine PATENT MEDICINE,
Practitioners and Country Store-keepers may de- pend upon being well supplied at the above Store.
Medicine chests for shipping, plantations, of iron works, with directions suited to the disorders of the country, are made up on the lowest terms.
SALT-PETRE,
Very low, by the hundred, to be had at the above STORE. 37 e.d.
MR. HARDIE,
TEACHER OF LANGUAGES,