Gazette of the United-States. (New-York [N.Y.]), 1793-05-25 00:00:00

Gazette of the United States.
A NATIONAL PAPER, PUBLISHED WEDNESDAYS AND SATURDAYS BY JOHN FENNO, No. 34, NORTH FIFTH-STREET, PHILADELPHIA.
[No. 103 of Vol. IV.]
SATURDAY, MAY 25, 1793.
[Whole No. 425.]
FROM THE COLUMBIAN CENTINEL.
OMNIUM PRIMUM RATIS TUERI PUB- LICAM FIDEM. Liv.
MR. RUSSELL,
IT has been enquired by citizens anxious for the welfare of the country, and aware of the distress to which it must inevitably be reduced by a European war, whether we have not already pledged our faith so far as to preclude us from any present consideration of convenience or inconvenience, and whether we are not by our own voluntary engagement bound to take the part of the present government in France, especially in case the West-India islands should be attacked by Great-Britain.
By the eleventh article of the Treaty of Alliance with France, the United States "guaranty to his Most Christian Majesty, the possession of the crown of France in America." But the course of human events has either totally absolved us, or at least suspended the obligation of this clause, and it cannot be made even a plausible pretext for involving us in the present war. My reasons for this opinion are,
1. That the guaranty is to his most Christian Majesty, of the possession of the crown of France. I ask, who is at this time his most Christian Majesty? A part of the French nation, and all the other powers of Europe will answer, he is the son or the brother of the late Louis the XVIth. The National Convention, and the present Republic of France will say there is no such man. The office and all its powers have been extinguished in the blood of the person with whom your contract was made. If the article binds us to either of the parties, the question, which of the two is entitled to claim the performance, is now a question to be settled by the event of a civil War, and neither party can call upon us to decide it for them.
2. That supposing the revolutions of France, are now completed, and a Republic firmly established, it may be doubtful, whether they have not by their change of government, dissolved this clause of the Treaty: I know it is a general principle of the laws of nations, that the rights and obligations of Treaties survive the internal revolutions of government, and therefore that the Republic of France may be entitled to the benefits of engagements contracted with the former monarch. But to this rule there are many exceptions; the first Constituent Assembly were so fully of this opinion that they thought the nation absolved from all such Treaties previously made, as might be injurious to their interest, and the present government have extended the principle much further, when as a justification for opening the Scheldt, contrary to the positive and express stipulation of many Treaties, they have formally denied the obligation of any compact, which was contrary to the natural Rights of Men. Upon speculative principles it may be very questionable how far the sovereign control of a French Republic, over islands at three thousand miles distance from them is consistent with such natural rights, and it would be difficult to mark the distinction which should prohibit every act of jurisdiction exercised by one nation over a river flowing through the territories of another, and at the same time allow a supreme authority over colonies placed by the hand of nature at so wide a distance from the metropolis. The possession of the crown of France, as guaranteed by our Treaty to his most Christian Majesty, appear to me to have formed a part of that Constitution of government which then existed in France; they were a part of the monarchy, and under the new government they can no longer be considered as possessions, in the same sense in which they were understood when the United States bound themselves to the guaranty.
3. Should both these grounds for the opinion I am supporting be considered as erroneous, and the clause in question be held as binding us to the French Republic, in the same manner as it formerly did to the King, it remains to enquire what was intended by the guaranty and what are the duties which it has prescribed to us?—During the administration of the royal government, had the authority of the sovereign been guided by the maxims of speculative freedom or of practical tyranny; had he provoked a rebellion in the islands, by oppressing the planters or by liberating their slaves; the guaranty in the treaty would not have bound us to assist him with our blood and treasures, in enforcing an absurd and unnatural Government against the perpetual resistances which it would necessarily provoke. Had the late King of France, like other Kings of whom we read in history, veiling his insatiable ambition, under some specious pretence of glory, of dignity or of safety, declared a wanton and unjustifiable war against any or all of the commercial nations in Europe, and had his possessions in America been conquered by his enemies in the course of such a war, he never could have called upon the United States by virtue of this guaranty, to repair the injuries of his folly, and to sacrifice themselves in support of
his pernicious projects. It is unnecessary to fatigue the public with the pedantry of quotations from the writers upon natural and political Law, but it may be laid down as an universal principle, that no stipulation contained in a treaty, can ever oblige one nation to adopt or support the folly or injustice of another.—In applying this principle, it becomes necessary to observe, that the administration of the French government over their colonies, since the first revolution of 1789 has been such as to keep almost all their islands in a constant state of rebellion and civil War; by the former of these calamities the slaves have been united against their masters; by the latter the masters have been divided against each other. From the chaotic mass of human passions, a collection of all the most violent and inflammable elements has been selected and combined together; the torch of the furies has been applied to the composition; and the miserable islanders have been the victims of the fatal explosion.
To such a state of desperation have these devoted colonies been reduced, that a formal deputation as we are informed by the public papers have solicited for them the protection of the British government; and we are now told that this protection has been promised; that the King of Great-Britain, has agreed to take possession of these colonies and to hold them in trust for his Most Christian Majesty, the power to whom the letter of our guaranty has promised the assistance of the United States. An arbitrary and oppressive system of administration compelled us to renounce the authority of Great-Britain, and France assisted us to maintain our honorable warfare. A similar evil, has driven some of the French colonies to a similar remedy; one of them has even attempted a Declaration of Independence, and all the others would doubtless have done the same, were they not profoundly sensible that the time is not yet come, for the Lion to lie down with the Lamb, and that the justice of their cause would avail them but little against the powerful injustice of their oppressors. But surely there would be something, singularly absurd and iniquitous, to see the United States support the French in a plan of oppressive administration over their colonies, as a reward, for rescuing them from the oppression of Great-Britain. It would be such a total subversion of all moral and political consistency, such a covenant between virtue and vice, such a coalition of liberal freedom with despotic tyranny, as can scarcely be imagined without a confusion of ideas, or expressed without an absurdity of language.
4. The last ground upon which I consider this guaranty as dissolved or at least suspended, is, that by the act of the French government, it has been rendered impracticable. They have declared war against all the naval powers of Europe. What the event of that war will be, it is not given to man to foretel; but we cannot take a part with the French Republic, without uniting all the rest of Europe against us; which upon every rational calculation of probability, would be dooming ourselves to inevitable ruin and destruction. We are therefore commanded by a law, which supercedes all others, by that uncontrovertible law of nature, which is paramount to all human legislation, or compact, to remain at peace, and to content ourselves with wishing that laureled victory may sit upon the sword of justice, and that smooth success may always be strewed before the feet of virtuous Freedom.
MARCELLUS.
EXTRACTS.
Written in 1790.—Translated from the French.
FAR from saying to a people that nature has made all men equal, they ought to learn on the contrary, that she has made them very unequal; that one is born strong and another weak; that one is born healthy and another infirm; that all are not equally adroit and vigilant, and thus the master piece of well regulated society is to render equal by laws, those whom nature has made so unequal as to their means. By natural equality, we understand an equality as to rights, and not an equality in fact; since it is true that men are born with unequal means, and pass their lives in conditions very unequal, whatever liberty the country to which they belong may possess. A Shoemaker of ancient Rome was not the equal of Scipio, although he had naturally as much right as Scipio to be elected to offices in the Republic; they were both equal as to their rights, but unequal as to their means. It would be better, perhaps, to adopt the expression of civil equality, since all the citizens are protected by equal laws. There is not, and there never will be any other equality among men.
ALL wise Legislators have added to the obligation of laws the ties of religion. They thought that they could not take too many precautions to establish among men subordination—that tutelary angel of the world.—But the philosophers of the present day, build their republics like Plato upon a stern theory.
They have in their imaginations an ideal world, which they wish to substitute for that which really exists.
TRUE courage has always consisted in boldly speaking against arbitrary power, whether of the Prince or of the People. It is when every body is awed to silence in the presence of a Despot—it is in the midst of slavery that a man ought to elevate his voice in favor of Liberty; but when a furious multitude all pursuing this same liberty, and marking their footsteps with blood rises, it is then necessary to soften the voice, and to speak distinctly in favor of government, without which there is no liberty. In one word, courage at such a time consists in maintaining moderately our opinions, as it before consisted in boldly expressing them. The arbitrary power of an individual is despotism—that of many is anarchy. Nothing is more frequent than to find men of honor, who pride themselves in opposing the arbitrary authority of an individual: But before the power of a multitude every thing yields in a moment, and we obey without blushing. In short, it requires the most sublime courage not to flatter the passions of the people.
IF there existed on earth a race of beings superior to man, they would sometimes be astonished at our instinct—but would laugh at our reason—Above all, in the great events of this world, our best efforts betraying so much imbecility, and our projects accompanied with so little foresight, would excite their pity. Human vanity must confess that there exists a kind of fatality which seems to amuse itself in giving the lie to our prudence, and at its pleasure baffles the councils of wisdom. It is to the shortness of our views, we must attribute this. If we could find out causes before we were alarmed by their effects, we could predict events with some certainty—but always compelled to ascend from effects to causes, man passes his life in reasoning on the past, complaining of the present, and trembling for the future.
BY a Constitution we understand a combination of the three powers, Legislative, Executive, and Judicial . A constitution is good when the three powers are combined for the prosperity of the people, and the glory of the government: A constitution is bad, when these powers are confounded or are united in the same hands for the misfortune of the subject, or the debasement of the Prince, or the Magistrates. Every nation which is not savage, is a body politic, and artificial—the constitution gives it existence, the laws give it action.
FROM THE COLUMBIAN CENTINEL.
MR. RUSSELL,
IT is with much pleasure I have observed in a perusal of Paris papers, as late as the 16th March, that a great degree of peace and order appeared to exist in that populous capital. I observed, in a paper of the 9th, that six Theatres were advertised as open on that evening for public exhibitions; and I think the following diary of the business done in the Commune of Paris, no bad index of the tranquillity of the city, viz.
CIVIL STATE.
 March 2d. Divorces 6. Marriages 25. Births 63. Deaths 36.  3d. Divorces 5. Marriages 12. Births 91. Deaths 43.  4th. Divorces 10. Marriages 29. Births 62. Deaths 69.  5th. Divorces 6. Marriages 38. Births 56. Deaths 39, &c. 
In this detail the civil state of the city is daily kept, and in my opinion, it is a very strong evidence that a great degree of order must reign in a place, where the administrators of the Police can keep so regular and particular an account of the civil circumstances which transpire in it.—Yours,
A FRIEND TO THE FRENCH.
May 1793.
Foreign Intelligence.
CONSTANTINOPLE, Feb. 11.
ACCORDING to the latest advices from the Archipelago, several vessels, under Russian colours, loaded with grain, have been taken by a French frigate.
Semionville's arrival is still retarded, and it is now believed that the Porte will follow the example of other powers, and refuse to acknowledge him.
Egypt is desolated by a cruel famine. At Cairo, the streets are filled with the dead bodies of the poor wretches who have fallen a prey to its ravages—The Plague has again appeared on a sudden at Smyrna.
SWITZERLAND, Feb. 21.
The sovereign council of Berne resolved, after a long sitting of the 21st inst. to accede to the proposals made by the directory of Zurich, of recommending an official correspondence with M. Barthelemy, Minister of the French republic.
The cantons of Basil, Schaffhouse, Appenzell, and the towns of St. Gall, Biel, and Muhlhausen, also declared their adherence to the judgment of the Directory of Zurich.
The other states of the Helvetic Corps only waived the determination of Berne to follow its example.
STOCKHOLM, March 5.
The day before yesterday the young king, accompanied by the Duke Regent, set off for Upsal. Another voyage is already talked of in the approaching spring, towards the Finland frontiers, when an interview may have place between the Empress of Russia, our young Monarch and his illustrious Uncle.
WARSAW, (Poland) March 6.
The Russian ambassador has at length persuaded his majesty to make the voyage to Grodno. His excellency goes on before about the 9th, and his majesty is expected to follow towards the end of the approaching week.
HAGUE, March 23.
On the 21st inst. great part of the noble town-hall of Maestricht fell in. This is the consequence of the bombardment, which, it seems, was designed rather to destroy the city than to take it.
Thirty-nine pieces of cannon, taken from the French in the action of the 18th, were brought into Maestricht on the 24th. It is supposed that they must have lost in the different engagements from the 18th to the 22d, more than 60 pieces of cannon, and that they had 14 or 15 thousand men killed or wounded. The loss on the side of the Austrians is estimated at 6000.
OSTEND, March 31.
The whole province of Brittany, except Nantes, is now in arms. The Paris papers state the number of revolted at 40,000, but other accounts by private letters make them amount to 90,000 men. It is supposed that the reason of their stopping the mails by the way of Calais is, to prevent its being known in England, lest assistance should be sent to the revolted. They are in possession of all the country round Brest and Rochelle.
LEYDEN, April 1.
Head quarters of the Prussian army at Laubach, on the Hanseerue, March 24.
"We are encamped here at the distance of 2 leagues from Simeria, which is occupied by our troops."
"In a little time we shall advance against Cruetznach."
"Our van-guard, under the command of Col. Seculi, having fallen in with the enemy on the road, repulsed them the first day, on the second he was repulsed in turn, but on the 3d he beat the French, and drove them as far as Bingen. The loss on either side was trifling. As our corps was not sufficiently numerous, it retired to Stromberg. We should have been already masters of Bingen, had not a spy a native of Cruetznach, informed the enemy of our march. He has been arrested, and will soon suffer punishment."
"This day 4 Prussian regiments passed the Rhine at St. Goar, to join us. We are informed also, that several Austrian regiments of the army of Prince de Hohenlohe have quitted Treves under the command

of Gen. Kalkreuth, to form a junction with our troops. When they arrive, we shall form together a body of 40000 men, commanded by that General, who will proceed to Mentz in order to lay siege to it."
BARCELONA, (Spain) March 1.
The superintendent of the cannon foundry of this city has been arrested. He is accused of having kept up a correspondence with the French, and it is said that papers have been found in his custody, which will tend to convict him. Several Catalonians have also been arrested. They are suspected of having had the perfidious design of setting fire to the powder magazine.
Twenty-three French merchant ships have been carried into one of the ports situated at the distance of two leagues from this city. The convoy consisted of twenty-seven, but four of them escaped.
We are informed from Alicante, that our fleet is to be joined by that of England at that port. Large magazines of provisions, particularly of biscuit, are forming there.
BOIS LE-DUC, March 28.
This afternoon we received the unexpected and pleasing intelligence, by a courier from the Austrian General Milyus to the Duke of Brunswick, that the city of Antwerp had surrendered by capitulation on the 26th inst. between six and seven o'clock in the evening; and that the French commandant, Gen. Marasse, was to march out, according to the capitulation, with his whole garrison with military honors to the frontiers of France.
The Duke of Brunswick in consequence thereof, has ordered his troops who were cantoned on the territory of the Republic, to advance towards Hoogstraaten. The one part will commence their march to-morrow, and the rest will follow the next day.
LONDON, April 2.
General Clairfayt is promoted to the rank of Field Marshal, and the Archduke Charles invested with the Grand Cross of Maria Theresa, for their military exploits.
Admiral Macbride has made a most seaman-like disposition of his numerous fleet of cruisers; they stretch across the whole channel, and nothing can escape them. They have taken a number of vessels, neutral bottoms, laden with grain and stores, the cargoes of which, we suppose, will be bought by government, and in the mean time these captures, they conceive, must greatly distress the enemy.
APRIL 4.
The Polish Resident at Dantzic has protested against the submission of that city to the King of Prussia. The Empress of Russia has, however, consented to the measure.
It is reported that Simon, the Mayor of Brussels, while the French were there, and five other citizens, were hanged within half an hour after the Austrians entered the city. Executions which would so ill accord with the promise of a general amnesty by the Emperor, we cannot believe to have taken place.
According to letters from Italy we are informed, that a corps of 5000 French, under the command of General Bruent, attacked, on the 14th, a detachment of 1000 men, composed of Austrians and Piedmontese troops, commanded by Major Strafsaldo, near Sospillo; the action was bloody; our troops lost 260 soldiers; Major Strafsaldo was wounded; two captains and two lieutenants were made prisoners by the enemy.
This defeat is to be attributed to the Piedmontese, who having fled at the commencement of the battle, drew the Austrians after them. The loss would have been greater, if the mountaineers had not assisted us.
Private advices are said to have arrived from Dunkirk, that a dispute has broken out there between the inhabitants of Boulogne and those of Montreuil, the latter have declared themselves against the recruiting service, and have even opposed the constituted authorities, who endeavored to enforce the decree relative to this article: these have been necessitated to call to their assistance the national guard of Boulogne;—which as soon as it
arrived near Montreuil found the guard of that town collected, and advancing in good order, with a detachment of the regiment of Launzun, to dispute its entry into the town. The people of Boulogne, finding they might be opposed, resolved to leave the people of Montreuil at full liberty to act, with respect to the execution of their decrees.
On the 17th ult. a violent insurrection broke out at Strasburgh, the inhabitants refusing almost to a man to have themselves enrolled in the militia; the assignats had also a share in this commotion. Metz in Lorraine has also been pretty nearly in the same state, and from the first of the above causes.
The stoppage of the French mail has been attended with such inconvenience to the merchants, that they are about to petition government to establish a packet, during this suspension, between Falmouth and Corrunna.
The annals of ancient or modern times have seldom presented scenes of greater misery, or exhibited prospects of more lasting calamity, than those which the present era affords. Amidst the desolation which reigns around him, the benevolent enquirer can scarcely select one spot on which his eye can dwell with complacency, or specify one action he can honor with approbation. As a politician, he shrinks at one moment from the approach of anarchy, and trembles at another for the establishment of despotism; the prosperity of the former produces much apprehension, and the successes of the latter inspire no consolation; while we are condemning the iniquitous contributions levied upon Antwerp by Dumourier, we are reminded of the rapacious exactions of Cobourg at Aix la-Chapelle.—When we examine the character of the different nations of Europe, among some of them we hear lofty declamations on religion and morality from their pulpits and senates, though infidelity lurks in the heart, and profligacy directs the life; and behold a people shunning the abyss, yet playfully wantoning on its brink; while among others principles of atheism are professed, homilies inculcating it are taught, and sentiments and actions operating in dreadful unison, create universal confusion.
The following is a translation of the order of his Catholic Majesty for the expulsion of Frenchmen from Spain, addressed to the Governor of the council of Castile:
SIR, "Hostilities ought to be regarded as already commenced with the French; and considering them as aggressors, according to the advice given by Ladislas Habor, commandant general, per interim, of Catalonia; under this supposition his majesty, without waiting for the conclusion which his extraordinary council will address to him, wills, that proceedings be immediately taken to expel from this kingdom, beginning at Madrid, all Frenchmen, not housekeepers—and that notice be given to each of them, without loss of time, to depart from the place of their residence in 8 days time, under the penalties established in like cases.
"The day shall hereafter be fixed for their departure out of Spain, and measures will be taken to prevent their concealing themselves, or avoiding the most direct road. I inform your excellency of the orders of his majesty, in order that the council may cause this royal resolution to be executed with the zeal and activity expected."
(Signed) DUKE DE LA ALCUDIA.
APRIL 6.
The opinion of an eminent council has lately been taken on the following question: "Are the landed estates of Bankers liable to the payment of their notes, and their other debts on simple contract?" His answer was, "Bankers, as well as other traders, are subject to the Bankrupt Laws; and if, on failure of the payment of their debts, a Commission of Bankruptcy be taken out against them, the landed estates of all the partners (subject to any
settlement or mortgage that may have been made thereof) as well as the whole of their personal property, are liable to the payment of their notes, and other debts contracted in the course of their trade."
Of the dispositions made by Lord Mansfield of his immense property, it has only transpired, that he has bequeathed to the two Miss Murrays, the sisters of Lord Stormont, who have long formed a part of the family at Caen Wood, the sum of 10,000. each, and an annuity of one thousand pound per year. Of the former sum 2000. were to be paid immediately after his decease. To his own man, — Doucy, his Lordship has left an annuity of 250. a year. The other servants of his household have a liberal provision. The remainder of his fortune devolves to Lord Viscount Stormont, the present Earl of Mansfield.
Last week died in Corke, Doctor Leslie, an eminent banker. This gentleman had amassed a fortune of near one hundred thousand pounds, and with the fairest character. He was far advanced in years, and when he commenced practice as a surgeon, he actually received half-crown fees for bleeding. His skill in his profession, was not surpassed by his financial abilities, which led to so much opulence.
In the course of a very few days, our preparations for war have assumed a new tone, and become as active as they were evidently remiss, when our allies, the Dutch, were in the most imminent danger.
Of the situation of French affairs at present, in point of fact, this country appears perfectly ignorant; the rumours of the day, the offspring of political prophecy, are as follows:—That Dumourier assuming the double character of General and Politician, had abandoned all his conquests, and with his army had repaired to Paris, for the purpose of making an effectual stand against the party of Egalite, his Prime Minister Robertspiere, and his virtuous Aid-du-Camp, Marat, to whom is attributed the recent defeat of Dumourier's projects in the Netherlands; and, horrible to the reflection of civilized society, it is related, that the purpose of the party at present out of power in France can only be attained by a general massacre of their guilty opponents.
A Treaty of Alliance is about to be concluded between this court and that of Vienna. Lord Elgin is gone thither for that purpose.
The trade of this country has been so well protected by the number of cruisers in the channel, that the war has in respect to captures, been felt in a very inconsiderable degree by the Merchants and Underwriters.
Yesterday arrived the Flanders and Dutch Mails; the former of which brought us the Brussels Gazettes, with the restored Black Eagle, down to the date of the 28th ult.
By these the intelligence is confirmed to us, that the enemy have entirely evacuated the Belgic territories.
Dumourier was at Brussels so late as the 23d ult.—at midnight he left it, till which time the French Patroles remained at their posts, and tolerable good order preserved; but so soon as they were gone, and no authority existing as a check, the populace proceeded to pillage every place where any valuables were deposited; these tumultuous proceedings were not stopt till the next day, when the Austrian advanced guard arrived.
On the following day arrived the Arch Duke, accompanied by the Prince of Saxe Cobourg, and other General Officers.
This Prince arrived with a column of the army, and was received at the gate of the city, about half after one, by the Magistrates and other officers, who accompanied his Royal Highness to the Collegiate Church of St. Gudule, to render thanks to God for the success of the arms of his august brother. After the Te Deum had been sung, and after having examined the ravages the French had made in the Church, his Royal Highness went
to the court, where an apartment had been prepared for him;—the furniture and the moveables here had either been pillaged or sold by the French. In the evening all the fronts of the houses were illuminated; and his Royal Highness taking a carriage shewed himself in almost every quarter of the city, amidst such a number of people, that they frequently obstructed his passage, and filled the air with acclamations.
The sacred vessels, chandeliers, and other things of silver taken by the Executive Council from the Churches and neighboring Abbeys, were restored on the 23d ult. by order of Gen. Dumourier. On the next day the Burgeses, after having pulled down the pretended tree of liberty, with the cap at the summit of it, drew it by a cord through the streets adjacent to the Grand Palace, where, making a great fire, they committed it to the flames, crying, "To the Devil with la Carcagnole and the Jacobins; Francis II. forever."
The bank of England, it is said, have determined to issue 5l. notes, and to have dependant offices in different parts of the kingdom.
Extract of a letter from Constantinople, Feb. 12.
"The Turkish Ambassador to Russia has commenced his journey with great pomp, attended by a retinue of upwards of 300 persons. His name is Mehemet Reis Effendi. He takes with him a great number of rich presents, consisting of jewels and pearls."
"The Divan has given orders to repair and fortify all the works of the Turkish strong holds. Several armed vessels have been sent to the different harbors of the Black Sea."
"Baron Brentano, who came here to enter into the Turkish service, has not been successful in his offer, and will soon embark for England."
Two of her majesty's nieces are about to be married immediately. We should have been happy to have said that it had been two of her daughters.
The two eldest daughters of the reigning Duke of Mecklenburg Stre-litz are very shortly to be married to two of the King of Prussia's sons.
AMERICA.
NASSAU, (N. P.) April 5.
A Letter from the Caiacos, received since our last, mentions a report of a French armed vessel from Europe, having captured a Dutch ship, and carried her into Cape Nicholas Mole. It is also said that a frigate and two cutters have lately sailed on a cruise from Cape-Francois.
PROVIDENCE, May 16.
Monday evening last arrived the India ship General Washington, Capt. Donnison, owned by Messrs. Brown and Francis, of this town, after a passage of five months from China, laden with the productions of the eastern world.—
Captain Donnison touched at St. Eustatius, on his passage home, and confirms the account of the taking of Tobago by the British fleet; it was reported at Statia, that the English admiral had declared the port of Tobago free for Americans for one year.—Capt. Bailly, in a sloop owned at New-York, by Messrs. J. P. Mumford and Co. was seized by the French at Tobago, a few days before the island was captured.
OXFORD, (Maryland) May 11.
On the 10th inst. arrived in Choptank the British Schooner Union, John Tucker, master, prize to the sloop Cuttete, B. Endergey Trenchy, commander. The Union was captured on the coast of North-Carolina on her passage from the island of New-Providence to Philadelphia—from her being brought in here by Capt. John Hooper, of Dorchester county, manned by the citizens of America, together with English and Dutch, and from the want of proper documents, the said Schooner was on yesterday made seizure of by the collector of this port.
NEW-YORK, May 21.
Captain Green of the Schooner Harmony, in ten days from Halifax, informs us that a large homeward bound French West-Indian, laden with cotton, indigo, coffee and sugar, and said to be worth 25,000. had been captured by the Alligator frigate, Capt. Albeck, and carried into that port; and several other vessels likewise prizes to the same frigate, were daily expected.

FROM THE MASSACHUSETTS MERCURY.
CHARACTER OF MARTHA.
BEHOLD! She comes! the Graces round her throng, Sylvania's idol, and the pride of song!
See, in her train, a seraph-council moves! Soft, dove-eyed FRIENDSHIP smiles, when TASTE approves;
While souls, created of a viler mould, In craps alone can move, and charm in gold;
Thy soft attractions, to no sphere confin'd, Contemn the boundaries of the narrow mind;
Sweet, as the pure, ambrosial breath of even, Thy converse wings the soul to rapture's heaven;
Genius may wither, beauty cease to bloom, And FANCY build her SISTER FASHION's tomb;
FROM THE VIRGINIA HERALD.
THE present situation of the United States in respect to the nations of Europe, having been anticipated in a prophetic speech of a respectable member of the Convention of this State...
"What is the situation of America? She is remote from Europe, and ought not to engage in their politics or wars."
"The American vessels, if they can do it with advantage, may carry on the commerce of the contending nations. It is a source of wealth, which we ought not to deny to our citizens."
Every one knows that the power contended for, was reposed in the general government. Every one knows that the situation of this country, predicted in the argument, and the war anticipated by the speaker, have occurred; and every one ought to know, that it is the true interest of the United States, to observe a strict neutrality.
NEUTRALITY.
From the AMERICAN DAILY ADVERTISER.
PROBABLE CONSEQUENCES Of the United States taking part in the present War between France & Great-Britain.
I. A SUDDEN and great diminution of the exports and imports of the United States. II. The reduction of the price of wheat from 3/4 to 2/6 per bushel. III. An increase of the price of all imports...
Philadelphia, May 25.
Extract of a letter from London, April 5. "Within these last three weeks the Austrians have had the advantage in four actions; the French sought gallantly under Dumourier, but were obliged to quit their ground, altho' much superior in number, and are quitting almost every place they had gained possession of."
By accounts from Ireland, per the Ann and Mary, it appears that the government have put a stop to the emigration of redemptioners from the north of Ireland. None, therefore, but persons of property, who may be able to advance the passage money for themselves and families, can attempt coming to the United States...
Napper Tandy, who was charged with being accessory to some insurrections at Dundalk, was ordered to take his trial. This, however, he declined, not expecting much fair play from the laws now dictated by the executive; and, in consequence, he has made a retreat to France...
The Governor of the Bahama Islands has issued a proclamation, permitting the importation of provisions in foreign bottoms into those islands for six months, from the 11th of April, 1793.
The Commissioners appointed to receive Subscriptions to the Bank of Pennsylvania, have given notice, that the Subscription will be opened on Monday the 3d day of June next, at the Lodge, in Lodge-Alley.
The Humane Society of Boston have voted, that five guineas be presented to the Rev. Mr. Shaw and Mr. Elisha Doane, to be by them distributed among those persons who so humanely exerted themselves in the preservation of the lives of the officers and seamen of the ship Gertrude Maria, Capt. Klien, from Denmark, wrecked on Cohasset, the 13th Feb. last...
His Excellency Arthur Fenner, Esq. is re-elected Governor, and the Hon. Samuel J. Potter, Esq. deputy Governor for the State of Rhode-Island.
PORTSMOUTH, (N.H.) May 15. Capt. Samuel Briard arrived here last evening from Tobago, which he left the 21st April, and informs, that the islands of St. Christopher, Grenada, and Antigua were opened for the importation of lumber and provisions in American vessels...
In consequence of the opening of the ports of the British Islands, two vessels have sailed from Portsmouth, for St. Kitt's with produce and lumber.
The Extraordinary-Commission of Guadalupe, the 21st March last, decreed, "That the ports of Belle-Ierre and Pointe-à-Pitre will be freely opened to the vessels of the United States of America."
That said vessels will have liberty to export in return for their cargoes all kinds of colonial produce, paying however the local duties, and those called Domaine d'occident."
The Assembly of St. Lucia, has decreed—"That reckoning from the 17th March, all the ports of the island shall be opened to all neutral vessels."
A merchant of this city, has received letters dated the 4th of April, by a ship arrived at Alexandria from Gibraltar; from one of these letters, the following extract is copied: "Since the commencement of hostilities against France, our small squadron stationed here, have captured 16 French ships—eight of them with valuable cargoes of sugar, coffee, cotton and indigo, from the islands, some with wines and brandy for the northern ports, and others with assorted cargoes from Marseilles, bound to the West-Indies."
"We soon expect here a considerable squadron of British, Dutch, and Russian ships of war; these are to be joined by about 20 ships of the line from Spain, that are ready at Cartagena, which will make a very formidable fleet—what their intentions are, time will discover, some great enterprize must be in agitation. The French have failed in their expedition against the Island of Sardinia, and met with considerable loss; their squadron has retired to Toulon, where we imagine they will remain during the war."
The following particulars, from the General Advertiser, are collected from passengers on board the brig Sally, from Cape-Francois: Dumourier really went over to the Austrians some time in the beginning of April. He tampered first with the old commissioners to Belgium; informed them that he now found Frenchmen unmanageable under a republic, and that they required all the rigour of monarchical energy to keep them in a proper degree of subordination. He next communicated his change of sentiment to the Convention by letter, (who probably received the information from the commissioners as soon at least) and explicitly declared to them that France must have a King.
The passengers in the Sally, do not appear acquainted with the circumstance of commissioners being dispatched by the Convention to apprehend him; but mention, that Beurnonville was sent off to take the command of the army. Dumourier, they say, before he quitted his post, made known his sentiments to his army, particularly to a body of about 12,000 most attached to him. These latter hesitated a moment whether they should join him, but at last determined to remain firm. His adjutant, some passengers affirm, others mention, that a great number of officers accompanied him in his disgraceful flight—but not one private.
The following is a copy of the presentments made by the Grand Jury, at the last district court held in Richmond, Virginia. WE of the grand jury do present as a grievance the great extent of the prison bounds, as established by the district court. We of the grand jury conceive it our duty to notice the grievances under which this county at present labours.
1st. By presecuring the defective state of our laws, which render replevin bonds ineffectual for the recovery of debts, even under the ultimate decrees of our supreme court. 2d. We present the unfortunate situation of this district, the courts of which are limited by law to 24 days in a year; a period though perhaps sufficient in many other parts of the state, entirely inadequate here, where the public business entitled to preference, occupies the far greater part of the time, inasmuch that many appeals lie now undetermined from the institution of this court, besides an augmentation of the docket every term.
We hope that a vigorous interposition of the executive might soon alleviate those evils, and surely never was there a stronger call for their exertions, when it is considered that by the best information not less than ten thousand replevin bonds do now or will exist before the usual time of meeting of the Assembly, by which, so many of the most valuable citizens are deprived of their property, and the sole object of all government, the speedy and impartial administration of justice is utterly defeated. Whilst we view with pleasure the rising opulence and growing prosperity of some of our sister states, founded on the exact distribution of justice and the conformity of their constitutions to that of the general union, we cannot but lament, that this state, from contrary causes, is in danger of losing that pre-eminence, to which our population, productions, and local advantages naturally entitle us.
Nothing is more obvious than that the prosperity of every country will be precisely proportioned to the confidence and credit it acquires amongst other nations; whilst these subsist entire, money can never be wanting for agriculture, manufactures and commerce, the only sources of wealth; and reason, as well as the example of nations, shew that the speedy and equal distribution of justice is the only way to acquire them.
The New-York Daily Advertiser of the 29th inst. says—Affairs in St. Domingo, particularly in Cape-Francois, still wear an alarming aspect. By a vessel which arrived here yesterday, we learn, that the forces there have had several skirmishes with the blacks;—that the blacks have been successful in two skirmishes, and had killed (April 29th) upwards of 50 whites, and that the commander of the French troops, to prevent falling into the hands of the negroes, had blown out his own brains with a pistol.
At Cape Nicola Mole, we are informed, they are sitting out several privateers to cruise on the American coast.
The following gentlemen are chosen representatives to Congress from the state of Massachusetts—viz. Samuel Holten, Dwight Foster, William Lyman, and Peleg Wadsworth, Esq's.
The amount of Rice shipped from the port of Charleston, S. C. from the 1st January last, to the 11th inst. viz. 8850 tierces, and 80,850 barrels, averaging each 550 wt. neat.
COMMUNICATIONS.
It may be the good luck of an ignorant and stupid nation to obtain liberty—but it is only for a wise and sober people to preserve it; we have a faction who are at work night and day to four the public against the national government; by this means they hope to get it into their own hands. If our people were as gross and stupid as the arts used to deceive them imply that they are, it would be impossible to preserve liberty. All the fables that could be invented, good bad and indifferent have been told—every corner of the human heart has been ransacked to find there some spark of passion or prejudice that could be puffed into a flame against Congress. The leaders of parties—the ambitious men hold forth against power—they preach humility—they dread the shadow of authority. They fear the loss of our pure manners and principles, and foresee that government will corrupt; yet these self denying ordnance men, have been found in the act of corrupting the citizens by openly soliciting their votes.
Let ambition wrao its wolf's head in sheepskin, let the foulness and frothy maxims which inculcate purity and virtue from the gaming table be printed and reprinted as fast political truths; let lies be multiplied and the industry in circulating them quicken its pace; it is all in vain. The American nation owe their free government not to accident, but to their general light and knowledge. A people who could be cheated into anarchy by such gross arts as are practising for the purpose could neither have framed such a government as we enjoy—nor have sense enough to maintain it, if by accident they had obtained such an one.
Opposing government, embarrassing its measures, and sowing jealousy and suspicion against its officers is a trade, and a servile one too. Sometimes we must wade in the mire, and at others we must work in charcoal. For it is impossible to smut government and its officers without getting smutted. After serving the time out, a man sets up for a reformer. Nothing seems so proper to reward the bawler against the vices of a government as to put him into place.—It is plain our artificers of slander are making a noise only because they are impatient for their wages.—There are among the clamorers of the day not a few who we have reason to believe if they were in place would contrive to pay themselves.
We live and learn. It appears by some late scribblings, that he is an aristocrat who would have the laws govern. If we enquire of the advocates of genuine liberty and equality, we are happy to find the whole nation has imbued the spirit proper to give efficacy to their government; there are, however, not a few who make a great noise about their republican principles whose style of life seems to be raised with a jealous pride above equality. A nabob in a gilt coach drawn by four or six horses and a train of servants, talks with great effect against distinctions in society—while he hears of titles with terror, his slaves tremble at his nod.—Those declaim with a sincere inconsistency against the supposed anti-republicanism of the States, which are found most disposed to support the federal government. An equality orator should not look down upon the people with scorn, nor up to the laws with aversion and hatred.
Who would suppose, after reading the abusive reflections on the government of this country which distinguish some publications, that the people of the United States possess and exercise the rights of free suffrage in the most unlimited degree?
Those who revile the freely elected officers of the government, aim a dagger at the vitals of liberty. When the people have established a government and organized its administration—to make the public suffrage the signal for slander and defamation, is but a miserable compliment to republican principles, and the public judgment.
SHIP NEWS.
ARRIVED at the PORT OF PHILADELPHIA. Ship Hannibal, Conyngham, Canton Sch'r Ranger, Luce, Boston
PRICE OF STOCKS.
Table with 2 columns: Stock Type, Price. 6 per Cents, 17 3/4; 3 per Cents, 9 1/2; Deferred, 10 3/4; Full shares Bank U. S., 2 per cent. adv.
DEPARTMENT OF STATE, to wit:
OFFICIAL information having been received that the Municipal Officers of the city of Dunkirk have withdrawn the BUOY which marked the entrance into the road of that harbour, notice thereof is hereby given to all masters of vessels of the United States, mariners and others whom it may concern. Given under my hand this 24th day of May, 1793. TH. JEFFERSON.

OBSERVATIONS on the newly proposed CONSTITUTION OF FRANCE. (From an English publication)
THE constitution which has been framed by the committee appointed for that purpose, has been treated with disrespect, and appears to be sinking into oblivion. Like every other scheme which the French Legislators have presented to their country, it may please the isolated observer in his closet, but possesses no cementing bond to unite the discordant mails of human opinion, prejudice, and passion. In establishing an ideal equality, it gives a decided superiority to presumptuous vice over unassuming integrity; in providing for the poor, it tramples on the rights of the richer classes of society, and in endeavoring to check the excesses of arbitrary power, bursts the bands of subordination, and prevents the operation of legislative enactments. The organization of the executive council is injudicious, and the method of its appointment almost impracticable. It is perhaps one of the most difficult political problems to ascertain the mode of vesting a competent portion of efficient authority in a particular body, without infringing upon general freedom. In some countries it has been effected by creating various artificial ranks in the community, which inspire submission without injuring liberty, and command respect without requiring servility. As the constituent assembly in the first instance, and the national convention in imitation of their example, refused to adopt any project of this nature—it only remained for them, by impressing on the minds of their fellow citizens the clearest perceptions of moral beauty and deformity, to demonstrate the necessity of submitting to the laws, and to display the advantages resulting from obedience.
Instead, however, of pursuing this course, the unbridled licentiousness of character which pervades the majority of the convention, and the captious jealousy it has entertained of ministers, nominated by itself, must have disseminated among the people of France, the opinion that exemption from all restraint is happiness, and to punish those who dare to impose it, is virtue. Another fundamental error in this plan is the facility with which it may be altered: the formers of this constitutional code were probably unwilling to risk the perpetual felicity of their republic on the issue of an untried speculation, and have therefore delegated to its inhabitants the power of calling a national convention, in virtue of certain privileges denominated rights of censorship; and likewise imposed it upon the legislative body as an absolute duty, after 20 years to summon a convention to amend the constitution. According to these provisions, the intrinsic excellence of a government is to be estimated according to the ease with which it may be changed; nothing which is permanent can be useful; and the reason, philosophy, and rights, which at present illuminate the world, are the fleeting ephemera of the day—which fluttering for a moment before the meridian sun, but sink with the shades of evening into forgetfulness and annihilation.
City of Washington.
JANUARY 7th, 1793. A NUMBER of Lots in this City will be offered for sale at auction, by the Commissioners, on the 17th day of September next. One fourth part of the purchase money is to be paid down, the residue at three equal annual payments with yearly interest on the whole principal unpaid.
JOHN M. GANTT, Clerk to the Com'rs. Extract of an Act of the General Assembly of Maryland, concerning the Territory of Columbia, and the City of Washington. "Be it enacted, That any foreigner may by deed or will, hereafter to be made, take and hold lands within that part of the said Territory which lies within this State, in the same manner as if he was a citizen of this State; and the same lands may be conveyed by him, and transmitted to and be inherited by his heirs or relations, as if he and they were citizens of this State: Provided, That no foreigner shall, in virtue hereof, be entitled to any further or other privilege of a citizen."
Jan. 19.
THIS DAY IS PUBLISHED, By Mathew Carey, No. 118, Market-Street, EMBELLISHED WITH A MAP of the present SEAT OF WAR, NO. 1, OF A NEW SYSTEM OF MODERN GEOGRAPHY: OR, A GEOGRAPHICAL, HISTORICAL, AND COMMERCIAL GRAMMAR; And Present State of the Several KINGDOMS OF THE WORLD. CONTAINING
I. The figures, motions, and distances of the planets, according to the Newtonian system and the latest observations. II. A general view of the earth considered as a planet; with several useful geographical definitions and problems. III. The grand divisions of the globe into land and water, continents and islands. IV. The situation and extent of empires, kingdoms, states, provinces, and colonies. V. Their climates, air, soil, vegetable productions, metals, minerals, natural curiosities, seas, rivers, bays, capes, promontories, and lakes. VI. The birds and beasts peculiar to each country. VII. Observations on the changes that have been any where observed upon the face of nature since the most early periods of history. VIII. The history and origin of nations; their forms of government, religion, laws, revenues, taxes, naval and military strength. IX. The genius, manners, customs, and habits of the people. X. Their language, learning, arts, sciences, manufactures, and commerce. XI. The chief cities, structures, ruins, and artificial curiosities. XII. The longitude, latitude, bearings, and distances of principal places from Philadelphia. TO WHICH ARE ADDED
I. A GEOGRAPHICAL INDEX, with the Names, and places alphabetically arranged. II. A TABLE of the Coins of all Nations, and their Value in ENGLISH MONEY. III. A CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE of remarkable Events, from the Creation to the present Time.
By WILLIAM GUTHRIE, Esq.
The ASTRONOMICAL Part by JAMES FERGUSON, F. R. S. To which have been added, The late Discoveries of Dr. HERSCHEL, and other eminent ASTRONOMERS.
THE FIRST AMERICAN EDITION, CORRECTED, IMPROVED, AND GREATLY ENLARGED.
The publisher of this work, thankful for the patronage with which he has been honored, submits the present number to the inspection of his fellow-citizens, and lays before them
The terms of publication: 1. This geography shall be published in forty-eight weekly numbers, each containing twenty-four pages of letter press. II. In the course of publication will be delivered the following maps:
1. The world. 2. Europe. 3. Sweden, Denmark, Norway, and Finland. 4. Russia. 5. Scotland. 6. England and Wales. 7. Ireland. 8. France. 9. Seven United Provinces. 10. Austrian and French Netherlands. 11. Germany. 12. Switzerland. 13. Poland. 14. Spain and Portugal. 15. Italy. 16. Turkey in Europe. 17. Asia. 18. China. 19. Hindostan. 20. Africa. 21. North-America. 22. British America. 23. West-Indies. 24. South America. 25. Planisphere of the earth. * 26. Countries round the north pole. * 27. Discoveries made by Captains Cooke and Clerke. * 28. New-Hampshire. * 29. Massachusetts. * 30. Connecticut. * 31. Rhode-Island. * 32. Vermont. * 33. New-York. * 34. New-Jersey. * 35. Pennsylvania and Delaware. * 36. Maryland. * 37. Virginia. * 38. North-Carolina. * 39. South-Carolina. * 40. Georgia. * 41. The Sphere. * 42. The Copernican system.
N. B. All the maps marked with stars are added to this edition, exclusive of those in the last London edition.
That no disappointment may arise from subscribers expecting what the publisher neither promises nor is able to perform, he gives this early and explicit notice, that of some of the States it will be impossible for him to give maps fully accurate, no late surveys having been made; and it is hardly necessary to observe, that it falls not within his plan to go to the expense of surveys. But in every instance; he will avail himself of the best materials extant: And such corrections and additions as his utmost exertions can procure, shall be made.
III. The geography of the United States is undertaken by gentlemen of literary abilities, who have engaged to give a more full and satisfactory account of it than any ever published. It will extend to 250 or 300 pages, although in the British edition, and even in that of 1792, it makes only about 30.
IV. Should the work exceed forty-eight numbers, the surplus will be delivered gratis to the subscribers.
V. The price of each number will be a quarter dollar, to be paid on delivery.
VI. Such subscribers as do not choose to receive the work in numbers, are to pay three dollars at the time of subscribing.
The printer, anxious to render this work as perfect as the nature of it will allow, most earnestly requests, that such gentlemen, throughout the United States, as have it in their power, will furnish him with documents for correcting the past errors in the geography of America, and for furnishing a more complete system of geography than has yet appeared.
The title page, list of subscriber's names, with the account of the Newtonian system, &c. &c. will be given in the 47th and 48th numbers.
N. B. The subscribers, and the public in general are requested to consider the following very material circumstance—The London quarto edition is sold here, for fifteen dollars, although
it contains only 25 maps and plates, and of the Geography of the United States, as has been observed above, only about 30 pages—whereas, Carey's edition will contain 42 maps and plates, and have two hundred pages of letter press more. And it need not be observed, that the seventeen maps to be added, are of more importance to Americans by far, than the 25 London ones. The observation will apply with equal force to the letter press additions.
The maps will be published in such order of succession as they are engraved, and directions will be printed for the proper manner of placing them by the bookbinder. May 18
Albany Glass-House.
The Proprietors of the Glass-Manufactory, under the Firm of M C LALLEN, M C GREGOR and Co. BEG leave to inform the public, that they have now brought their WINDOW-GLASS to such perfection, as will be found, on comparison, to be equal, in quality, to the best London Crown Glass.
Having fixed their prices at a lower rate than imported Glass, they are induced to believe, that importations of this article will be discontinued, in proportion as their works are extended.—They propose to enlarge the scale of this business, and as the success of it will depend on the patriotic support of the public, they beg leave to solicit their friendly patronage in the pursuit of a branch which will interest every lover of AMERICAN MANUFACTURES.
All orders for WINDOW-GLASS, of any size, will be received at the Store of RHODES and MACGREGOR, No. 234, Queen-Street, New-York, and at the Glass Warehouse, No. 48, Market-Street, Albany, which will be punctually attended to.
WANTED, six smart active LADS, not exceeding 16 years of age, to be inducted as Apprentices, and regularly instructed in the various branches of Glass-Making. Also, three Window-Glass Makers, to whom great encouragement will be given. May 1, 1793. ep12w
Post-Road TO THE GENEESEE COUNTRY.
THE public are hereby informed, that the Post-Road from Philadelphia to Reading, is continued to Sunbury and Northumberland; thence up the West Branch of the Susquehannah as far as Lioining; thence to the Painted Post (in New-York state, near the forks of the Tioga) thence to Bath (a town laid out on the Cohocton Branch of the Tioga) thence to Williamburg, at the forks of Genesee River.
Letters for this new route will be sent from the Philadelphia Post-Office every Wednesday morning, at eight o'clock, with the mail for Reading.
A weekly mail will also be carried from Bethlehem to Wilkessbarre, in the county of Luzerne.
General Post-Office, April 6, 1793.
Vinall's Arithmetic.
THE Second Edition of this work, with improvements, will speedily be put to press. The rapid sale of the first edition*, greatly beyond the author's most sanguine expectations, encourages him to print a second edition. He intends to have it printed upon much better paper than the former, and with a new type.
Those Bookellers who wish to take a number of copies in sheets, are requested to apply to the author for particulars.
* 1000 Copies. At a meeting of the SCHOOL COMMITTEE, February 5th, 1793.
The Committee, appointed to examine "The Preceptor's Assistant, or Student's Guide," being a systematical treatise of Arithmetic, by JOHN VINALL, teacher of the Mathematics & Writing, in Boston, reported, that they have attended that service, and are of opinion, that the work is executed with judgment, and is as well calculated for the use of schools, counting houses, and private families, as any of the same compass that has hitherto been offered to the public.
VOTED, That the above report be accepted, and that Mr. VINALL be furnished with a copy of it, whenever he shall desire it.
Copy of the Records. Attest, CHARLES BULFINCH, Sec'y.
The following character of the above work, is given in the Review of the Massachusetts Magazine, for Jan. 1793:
"This is a very useful work, and is no ill proof of the judgment and industry of the author. The rules are laid down with propriety, and the examples annexed are sufficient for their illustration. One part of the work deserves particular commendation. We mean that which the author styles "Mercantile Arithmetic." It occupies a considerable portion of his book, but not more than its importance will justify. We would recommend to the young Arithmetician to pay a particular attention to this branch. He will find its principles well explained. And should he make himself master of them, he will always have reason to acknowledge his obligation to the judicious and laborious author. We cannot but congratulate the rising generation on account of the many useful productions which have lately appeared; and in which their improvement has been principally consulted.—Among those productions we must place this treatise of Arithmetic. We should be wanting in justice to the author, should we not acknowledge that his work is in reality that which its title imports—The PRECEPTOR'S ASSISTANT, or STUDENT'S GUIDE."
I. C. A. A. A. S.
Just published, By THOMAS DOBSON, At the Stone House, No. 41, South Second-Street,
A C A S E,
Decided in the SUPREME COURT of the UNITED STATES, in which is discussed the Question, WHETHER A STATE IS LIABLE TO BE SUED BY A PRIVATE CITIZEN OF ANOTHER STATE?
Price Half a Dollar.
Stock Brokers Office,
No. 16, Wall-Street, New-York.
THE Subscriber intending to confine himself entirely to the PURCHASE & SALE of STOCKS on COMMISSION, begs leave to offer his services to his friends and others, in the line of a Stock Broker. Those who may please to favor him with their business, may depend upon having it transacted with the utmost fidelity and dispatch.
Orders from Philadelphia, Boston, or any other part of the United States, will be strictly attended to. (t. f.) LEONARD BLECKER,
TICKETS
In the FEDERAL CITY LOTTERY, May be had at SAMUEL COOPER'S Ferry.
P L A N S OF THE
City of Washington,
Sold by the BOOKSELLERS, DOBSON, CAREY, YOUNG, & CRUKSHANK!
Morse's Geography,
Revised, corrected, and greatly enlarged, with many additional Maps, well engraved.
In a few weeks will be published, By THOMAS and ANDREWS, Faut's Statue, No. 45, Newbury-Street, Boston, In Two Volumes, large Octavo.
A NEW Edition of the AMERICAN GEOGRAPHY: Being the largest and the best system of GEOGRAPHY ever published: Or a complete GEOGRAPHY of the WORLD, brought down to the present time. IN TWO PARTS.
The General Contents are—
PART I.—Of Astronomy, as connected with, and introductory to the science of Geography: under this head will be given an account of the several astronomical systems of the World, and a particular description of the true one. A table of the diameters, periods, &c. of the several Planets in the solar system—an account of the Comets and fixed stars.
OF GEOGRAPHY—its use and progress—figure, magnitude and motion of the Earth—Doctrine of the Sphere—Geographical circles—Divisions of the Earth into zones and climates—methods of finding the latitude and longitude of places from celestial observations—Globes, and their use—with a number of the most useful and entertaining Geographical Problems and Theorems—Maps, and their use—sources of heat and cold—theory of the winds and tides—length of miles in different countries—natural divisions of the Earth—account of the Gregorian or new style, &c.
AMERICA—Its discovery by Columbus—general description of the Continent, in which is a lengthy discussion of the question, When, whence, and by whom, was America first peopled? With a long and entertaining account of the Indians, and the late discoveries on the north-west coast, &c.—NORTH AMERICA—chronological account of its discovery and settlements, its divisions—DANISH AMERICA, BRITISH AMERICA, UNITED STATES OF AMERICA—general description of them, including a history of the late war, and many other useful and entertaining matters. SOUTH AMERICA—its divisions, particular description of its several provinces and countries. WEST INDIA ISLANDS, &c.
** This part of the work will be illustrated by maps of the countries described, from the correctest copies.
PART II.—Containing every thing essential which is contained in the best and latest quarto edition of Guthrie's and other British Geographies, with selections from celebrated navigators, travellers and respectable authors of other nations, &c.
OF EUROPE in general—its grand divisions, particular geographical descriptions of its several Kingdoms and Republics, &c. OF ASIA—its situation, boundaries, general history, particular descriptions of its several divisions, &c. OF AFRICA—its general history, boundaries, grand divisions, &c. Also, new discoveries, Terra Incognita, Geographical Table, alphabetically arranged—Chronological Table of remarkable events, discoveries and inventions, list of men of learning and genius, with other useful miscellany.
** This part will also be illustrated with maps of the countries described.
TO THE PUBLIC.
THE Author is sensible that the first edition of his American Geography (which makes Part I. of the above work) was in many instances defective, in others erroneous, and in some offensive. It has been his endeavour, as it was his desire, in the present edition, to supply the deficiencies, correct the errors, and meliorate the offensive parts of the last. To assist him in this business, he has received many valuable communications from the heads of departments in the general government, and from gentlemen of respectability in the several states. The description of foreign countries (which composes Part II. of the above work) has been carefully compiled from the most approved writers on Geography, and useful information introduced from the discoveries of the latest Navigators, Travellers, and respectable authors. Indeed, no pains nor expense have been spared to render this work the most complete, accurate, and useful of any ever offered to the public.
TO BE SOLD BY THE EDITOR,
A TABLE for receiving and paying Gold—graduated according to Law—Blank Manifests—And Blanks for the various Powers of Attorney necessary in transacting Business at the Treasury or Bank of the the United States.
*** The price of this Gazette is Three Dollars per annum—One half to be paid at the time of subscribing.
Wanted to complete files of this Gazette numbers 79 and 80—Six pence each will be paid by the Editor for a few of those numbers.