Independent journal, or, The general advertiser (New-York [N.Y.]), 1787-12-15 00:00:00

INDEPENDENT JOURNAL
O R, T H E
GENERAL ADVERTISER.
NEW-YORK: PUBLISHED EVERY WEDNESDAY AND SATURDAY, BY J. M'LEAN, AND CO. AT THEIR PRINTING-OFFICE, No. 41, HANOVER-SQUARE.
Turk's-Island SALT, Sole Leather and Muscovado Sugar, IN BARRELS.
A Quantity of each, now landing at Peck-Slip . Attendance for the SALE of which, will be given by
Murray, Mumford, and Bowen, WHO HAVE ALSO FOR SALE, At No. 20, Peck-Slip ,
A QUANTITY of best Peterborough clean HEMP, BOHEA TEA, MOLASSES, BURR FLOUR, YORK RUM, SHEET CORK, CAYENNE COCOA, DRY COD FISH, RUSSIA and RAVENS DUCK, HOLLAND POWDER, 100 Boxes SPERMACETI CANDLES, COD SOUNDS and TONGUES, in Barrels, A large ANCHOR, weighing 30 cwt. to be sold Cheap.
WANTED,
One hundred and fifty Barrels HERRINGS' forty Barrels PEARL ASHES, thirty Barrels WHALE OIL, twelve thousand SUGAR HOGS HEAD STAVES, fifty-five inches long; twelve thousand LONG HOOPS to be shaved.
New-York, December 8, 1787. 20 t.f.
Manchester Goods,
Imported in the Montgomery, Capt. Banyan, and for Sale on very reasonable Terms, by
Daniel Tucker, and Co.
No. 202, Water-Street, for Cash or Country produce only, viz.
3-4, 4-4, and 3-4 Cotton Checks, Striped Ticks, Dyed Pillows, Black Velveteens, Olive, ditto, Checked Handkerchiefs, — Mallabars, An elegant assortment of Shawls, Copperplate-Furniture Cottons, Black Silk Handkerchiefs, Cotton Thicksets, Mens' and Womens' Beaver Gloves, Romall Handkerchiefs, Fancy Printed, ditto, A dozen Cases of HATS, low priced and well assorted, &c. &c.
New-York, November 30, 1787. 18
Geo. and Robert Lewis, and Co.
No. 233, QUEEN-STREET,
IN addition to the Goods received by the Betsey and Wilson, are now opening for SALE, by the Montgomery, Captain Banyan, viz.
3-4, 7-8 and 4-4 Irish Linens, Dowlas and Sheetings, 4-4, 5-4 and 6-4 fashionable Shawls, Printed Linens and Cottons, 7-8 and 9-8 fancy and Chintz Callicoes, Furniture ditto, A general assortment of Cotton and Linen Handkerchiefs, Lenau, Lawn and Black Silk ditto, Bandannoe and Romall ditto, 7-8 and 11-8 plain, corded, striped and checked Lawns, Rich fashionable Waistcoat Shapes, Striped and gold barred Tallinet Waistcoating Florentines and Sattins, An assortment of Hosiery, Table Cloths, Clousing Diapers, &c. &c. &c.
Which they are determined to dispose of at their usual low prices, for Cash, Notes at a short date, and Shipping Produce.
New-York, November 19, 1787. 15
TO BE SOLD, By George Douglass,
No. 14, FLY-MARKET, ONE hundred Barrels Philadelphia superfine FLOUR, 150 ditto ditto common ditto, 50 half Barrels ditto ditto, 3000 lb. Cayenne and Hispaniola COTTON, 8 cwt. HOPS, 100 Barrels SHIP BREAD, PORK in Barrels, BAR IRON, Old JAMAICA SPIRITS in Hogheads, Quebec ESSENCE of SPRUCE, 100 Boxes CASTILE SOAP. New-York, December 4, 1787. 19
JUST IMPORTED, In the Ship Mercury, Captain Grant, Teneriffe Wines,
OF a very superior Quality, which will be disposed of by the Quantity or single Pipe, by JOHN C. SHAW, at his Store opposite Van Zandt's Wharf.
David Galbreath, & Co.
No. 224, Queen-Street, opposite the Fly-Market, have imported in the Ship Montgomery, Capt. Banyan, from London,
An elegant variety of Muslin, Chintz, and Cotton Shawls, Chintz and Cotton Furnitures, with lines, tassels and fringes suitable, Chintzes and Callicoes, Plain white Gauzes of different kinds, assorted in small packets, Large black Gauze and fringed Silk Handkerchiefs, Printed Cotton, and Silk and Cotton Handkerchiefs, Blue Barnagore and checked Cotton Romals, Shalloons and Sattinetts, Lastings and Sattinet Lastings, Tammies, Durants and Taborets, Plain and striped Wildbores, Half-cell claret Camblets, A small assorted parcel of common and fashionable Buckles and Buttons, They have also remaining on hand.
Green and crimson Baizes, 6-4 grey Coating, Rugs and Coverlids, 4-4 and 7-8 Irish Linens, 4-4 and 7-8 Cotton Checks, Scotch Oznabrigs, an assortment of Hosiery, &c. &c. which they will sell on the most reasonable Terms for Cash, Pot and Pearl Ashes, &c. 14
LOT MERKEL,
No. 33, HANOVER-SQUARE, nearly opposite the BANK.
Manufactures and has for SALE A Complete and General ASSORTMENT
Muffs and Tippets, of
MARTIN and Martin Throat, Swan's Down and real Ermine, Russia and Siberia Squirrel, American Ground Squirrel, Russia Hare and red Fox, Real black Jennet, best sorts, Mock Sable and Mock Ermine.
LIKEWISE,
A large and general Assortment of FUR TRIMMINGS and EDGINGS, for Ladies Cloaks, Coats and Habits, Ladies CLOAK LININGS, Gentlemen's GREAT COATS LINED with FUR, FUR GLOVES, &c. &c.
The above Articles he is now selling on the most reasonable Terms for CASH ONLY.
N. B. ORDERS from the Country executed in the best manner.
New-York, October 7, 1787. 3
Francis Panton,
No. 38, WALL-STREET.
Has imported in the Montgomery, Captain Banyan, and to be sold on the lowest Terms for Cash.
An elegant assortment of Tea and Coffee Urns; Inlaid Tea Trays, with Waiters to suit; Tea Caddies; a variety of Patent Lamps; Backgammon Tables; Wood and Ivory Chess Men; folding and framed Chess Boards; Ladies' and Gentlemen's Dressing Boxes; Morocco Pouches for Travelling; Razors, and elastic Diamond-Powder Razor Straps; Table Knives, in Mahogany and Shagreen Cases; Mathematical and Teeth Instruments; Travelling Compasses; Instruments for Marking Linen; Bubbles for Proving Spirits; Spectacles, white and green, with double joints; Goglers; Reading Glasses; Cock Gaffs, and Elastic Gaffs; Ladies' Tortoiseshell and Ivory Notting Shuttles; Tambour Needles, with Handles; Ladies' Paste Buckles; Gentlemen's Silver, Plated and Mourning Buckles; Paste, Silver and Plated Knee ditto; Gold and Gilt Bracelets and Wrist Buckles; Gold and Gilt Earrings; Figures and Blank Gold Cornelian Seals; Plated and Japanned Candlesticks; a variety of Snuffers; Plated Gerandoes and Cruets; Fowling Pieces; Pistols; Small Swords; Fencing Files; Sword Knots; Silk and Morocco Sword Belts; Shot Pouches; Powder Magazines and Flasks; Fowling Nets; Gun Screws and Scrapers; Double Battle Gun-Powder; Racket and Drum Battledores; Shuttlecocks; a variety of Silver and other Tooth-Pick Cases; Plain Silver Coral; an elegant assortment of the newest fashioned Ladies' and Gentlemen's Gilt, Steel and Silk Watch Chains and Strings; Patent Spurs; Silver, Plated and Steel ditto; Folding Pocket Lanterns, with Cases; Fishing Rods, and best Kerby Hooks; Chair and Horse Whips; Canes and Silk Springs; Boot Garters of different Sorts; Ladies' and Gentlemen's Morocco Pocket-Books; Thread Cases; Silk Purse; Silk, Cotton and Worsted Stockings; Knit Under Waistcoats without a Seam; Silk, Buckskin, Woodstock, Beaver, Worsted and Thread Gloves; Double and Single Cotton Night Caps; Delesco's Opiate; Hemmet's Essence and Dentifrice; Orange, Flower and Rose Water; Arquebusade and Lavender Water; Silks, Velvet and Leather Stockings; Clothes, Hat, Shoe and Tooth Brushes; with a variety of other Goods too tedious to mention. New-York, November 27, 1787. 17
J. & F. ATKINSON,
HAVE received by the ships Hibernia and Adamant, from London, and now opening for Sale at No. 10, Hanover-Square.
Middling & low-priced Broad-Cloths, Coatings and Friezes, Plains and Forest Cloths, Duffs and Blankets, Flannels and Baizes, A general assortment of printed Cottons, Calicoes and Chintzes, Furniture Cottons, 3-4, 7-8 and yard wide Irish Linens, 5-4 Irish Sheetings, Wildbores, Camblets and Cambleteens, Calimancoes, Durants, Tammies, Shalloons, Figured Stuffes, Crapes, Sattinet and Lastings, Corduroys and Velvets, Men's & Youth's worsted Hose, Women's black ditto, Women's silk & worsted Gloves and Mitts, Plain & figured Lawns, Lawn Handkerchiefs and Aprons, Linen & Cotton Handkerchiefs, Black and coloured Silk ditto, Persians, Modes & Sattins, Sewing Silks & Twist, Men's and Boy's Felt, Castor and Beaver Hats, Metal and fashionable Buttons, Writing Paper, Gunpowder, &c. They have also for SALE.
A Quantity of High Proof Old Jamaica SPIRITS.
New-York, October 9, 1787. 3
Millenary & Plain Sewing,
TAKEN in, and executed with Neatness, Care and Expedition, at No. 14, Nassau-Street, between Crown-Street and Maiden-Lane New-York, August 25, 1787. 60
MURRAY and SANSOM,
HAVE for SALE, at their Store, No. 184, QUEEN-STREET, a neat and general Assortment of GOODS, amongst which are the following Articles, viz.
Broad and Forest Cloths, Coatings, Friezes, Yorkshire Plains, Striped Blankets, Casimers, Camblets, Tammies, Durants, Shalloons, Everlastings, Sattinetts, Calimancoes, Moereens, Fustians, Jeans, Jeanets, Corduroys, Velvets, Worsted Plush, Cotton Stripes, Cotton Checks, Bed Ticks, Men's brown and black Hats, Quality and Shoe Binding, Callicoes, Chintzes, Men's and Women's Gloves, Cotton and Worsted fashionable Waistcoat Patterns, Men's and Women's Thread, Cotton and Worsted Hose; Women's Silk, Morocco and Calimanco Shoes and Slippers; black, brown and white Ostrich Feathers, Chip Hats, Women's Fans, Ribbons, Gauzes Modes, Sattins, Lustring, Persians, Taffeties, Silk and Linen Handkerchiefs, Saddlery, Stationary, Tin in Boxes, London and Bristol Pewter, Brass Cocks, Tea Kettles, Brass Kettles, Frying Pans, Shovels, Spades, Sad Irons, Nails, Crowley and Bristol Steel, Cross-cut Saws, Gilt and Hair Trunks, a large assortment of Shoe and Knee Buckles, a variety of Hard Ware and Cutlery, Queen's Ware in crates, Empty Bottles, Window Glass, flat and hollow Bristol Earthen Ware, long and short Pipes, Grindstones, White Lead ground in Oil, Gunpowder, Chocolate, Snuff in Bladders, Connecticut Pork and Beef, Jamaica Spirits, Fyal Wine, Molasses, Souchong Tea, Dutch Pantiles, A variety of IRON CASTINGS, Such as Pots, Kettles, Tea Kettles, Chimney Backs, Stoves, &c. M. S. & Co. Wool Cards, &c. 17
LIKEWISE,
A Quantity of MEDICINES, Consisting of Peruvian Bark, Oil of Almonds, Assafetida, Cantharides, Gum Myrrh, Camphire, Nux Vomica, Spanish Juice, and Jallap. New-York, November 27, 1787. 17
Gouverneur, Kemble & Co.
HAVE imported, and now for SALE, at their Store, No. 26, Front-Street, either for Cash, short Credit, or in barter for Country Produce, on the most reasonable Terms, viz.
Muscovado Sugar, in Linseed Oil in casks, hogheads and barrels, An assortment of Cordage and Cables. Windward Island Rum, and Jamaica Spirits, Holland Duck, Old French Brandy, in Russia ditto, pipes & quarter casks, Raven's ditto, Old Cherry Wine ditto, Russia Sheetings, Teneriffe Wine ditto, Russia Drilling, Holland Geneva, in Oznabrugs: pipes and Cases, of Ticklenburgs, high proof, Writing Paper, Black Pepper, in bales, Dutch Copper Tea from 100 to 400 wt. Kettles, A quantity of Spanish London Porter, in hampers and casks. Lisbon Salt, New-York, November 1, 1787. 10
WM. LAIGHT, and Co.
HAVE FOR SALE, At No. 200, QUEEN-STREET,
BEST Holland GUNPOWDER, SHOT of different sizes, MUSQUET BALLS, T. Crowley's STEEL, NAILS of all kinds, Flat and Square SWEEDS IRON, of every dimension, Refined and Bloomery NAIL RODS, London WHITE LEAD, dry and in oil, Refined SALT-PETRE, TICKLENBURGS, OZNABRIGS, and DOWLAS, in bales, Very neat and light POTS, KETTLES, PYE-PANS, &c. per the ton, HYSON TEA, of the first quality, imported in the Sloop Experiment, from Canton, by the chest, American manufactured SHOVELS and SPADES, AXES, &c. at a very low Price, TIN WARE, assorted, in casks, &c. &c. &c. New-York, November 3, 1787. 10

FEDERALIST. No. XXII.
To the People of the State of New-York.
IN addition to the defects already enumerated in the existing Federal System, there are others of not less importance, which concur in rendering it altogether unfit for the administration of the affairs of the Union.
The want of a power to regulate commerce is by all parties allowed to be of the number. The utility of such a power has been anticipated under the first head of our inquiries; and for this reason as well as from the universal conviction entertained upon the subject, little need be added in this place. It is indeed evident, on the most superficial view, that there is no object, either as it respects the interests of trade or finance that more strongly demands a Federal superintendence. The want of it has already operated as a bar to the formation of beneficial treaties with foreign powers; and has given occasion to dissatisfaction between the States. No nation acquainted with the nature of our political association would be unwise enough to enter into stipulations with the United States, by which they conceded privileges of any importance to them while they were apprised that the engagements on the part of the Union, might at any moment be violated by its members; and while they found from experience that they might enjoy every advantage they desired in our markets, without granting us any return, but such as their momentary convenience might suggest. It is not therefore to be wondered at, that Mr. Jenkinson in ushering into the House of Commons a bill for regulating the temporary intercourse between the two countries, should preface its introduction by a declaration that similar provisions in former bills had been found to answer every purpose to the commerce of Great Britain, and that it would be prudent to persist in the plan until it should appear whether the American Government was likely or not to acquire greater consistency.*
Several States have endeavoured by separate prohibitions, restrictions and exclusions, to influence the conduct of that kingdom in this particular; but the want of concert, arising from the want of a general authority, and from clashing, and dissimilar views in the States, has hitherto frustrated every experiment of the kind; and will continue to do so as long as the same obstacles to an uniformity of measures continue to exist.
The interfering and unneighbourly regulations of some States, contrary to the true spirit of the Union, have in different instances given just cause of umbrage and complaint to others; and it is to be feared that examples of this nature, if not restrained by a national controul, would be multiplied and extended till they became not less serious sources of animosity and discord, than injurious impediments to the intercourse between the different parts of the confederacy. "The commerce of the German empire, † is in continual tramme from the multiplicity of the duties which the several Princes and States exact upon the merchandise passing through their territories; by means of which the fine streams and navigable rivers with which Germany is so happily watered, are rendered almost useless." Though the genius of the people of this country might never permit this description to be strictly applicable to us, yet we may reasonably expect, from the gradual conflicts of State regulations, that the citizens of each, would at length come to be considered and treated by the others in no better light than that of foreigners and aliens.
The power of raising armies, by the most obvious construction of the articles of the confederation, is merely a power of making requisitions upon the States for quotas of men. This practice, in the course of the late war, was found replete with obstructions to a vigorous and to an economical system of defence. It gave birth to a competition between the States, which created a kind of auction for men. In order to furnish the quotas required of them, they outbid each other, till bounties grew to an enormous and insupportable size. The hope of a still further increase afforded an inducement to those who were disposed to serve to procrastinate their enlistment; and disinclined them to engaging for any considerable periods. Hence slow and scanty levies of men in the most critical emergencies of our affairs—short enlistments at an unparalleled expence—continual fluctuations in the troops, ruinous to their discipline, and subjecting the public safety frequently to the perilous crisis of a disbanded army—hence also those oppressive expedients for raising men which were upon several occasions practised, and which nothing but the enthusiasm of liberty would have induced the people to endure.
This method of raising troops is not more unfriendly to economy and vigor, than it is to an equal distribution of the burthen. The States near the seat of war, influenced by motives of self preservation made efforts to furnish their quotas, which even exceeded their abilities, while those at a distance from danger were for the most part as remiss as the others were diligent in their exertions. The immediate pressure of this inequality was not in this case, as in that of the contributions of money, alleviated by the hope of a final liquidation. The States which did not pay their proportions of money, might at least be charged with their deficiencies; but no account could be formed of the deficiencies in the supplies of men. We shall not, however, see much reason to regret the want of this hope, when we consider how little prospect there is, that the most delinquent States will ever be able to make compensation for their pecuniary failures. The system of quotas and requisitions, whether it be applied to men or money, is in every view a system of imbecility in the union, and of inequality and injustice among the members.
The right of equal suffrage among the States is another exceptionable part of the confederation. Every idea of proportion, and every rule of fair representation conspire to condemn a principle, which gives to Rhode Island an equal weight in the scale of power with Massachusetts, or Connecticut or New-York; and to Delaware, an equal voice in the national deliberations with Pennsylvania or Virginia, or North-Carolina. Its operation contradicts that fundamental maxim of republican government, which requires that the sense of the majority should prevail. So, why may reply, that sovereigns are equal, and that a majority of the votes of the States will be a majority of confederated America. But this kind of logical legerdemain will never counteract the plain suggestions of justice and common sense. It may happen that this majority of States is a small minority
* This as nearly as I can recollect was the sense of this speech in introducing the last bill. † Encyclopedic article empire.
of the people of America; and two thirds of the people of America, could not long be persuaded, upon the credit of artificial distinctions and syllogistic subtleties, to submit their interests to the management and disposal of one third. The larger States would after a while revolt from the idea of receiving the law from the smaller. To acquiesce in such a privation of their due importance in the political scale, would be not merely to be insensible to the love of power, but even to sacrifice the desire of equality. It is neither rational to expect the first, nor just to require the last—the smaller States considering how pecuniarily their safety and welfare depend on union, ought readily to renounce a pretension; which, if not relinquished would prove fatal to its duration.
It may be objected to this, that seven but nine States, or two thirds of the whole number must consent to the most important resolutions; and it may be thence inferred, that nine States would always comprehend a majority of the inhabitants of the Union. But this does not obviate the impropriety of an equal vote between States of the most unequal dimensions and population; nor is the inference accurate in point of fact; for we can enumerate nine States which contain less than a majority of the people; and it is constitutionally possible, that these nine may give the vote. Besides there are matters of considerable moment determinable by a bare majority; and there are others, concerning which doubts have been entertained, which if interpreted in favor of the deficiency of a vote of seven States, would extend its operation to interests of the first magnitude. In addition to this, it is to be observed, that there is a probability of an increase in the number of States, and no provision for a proportional augmentation of the ratio of votes.
But this is not all; what at first sight may seem a remedy, is in reality a poison. To give a minority a negative upon the majority (which is always the case where more than a majority is requisite to a decision) is in its tendency to subject the sense of the greater number to that of the lesser number. Congress from the non attendance of a few States have been frequently in the situation of a Polish Diet, where a single vote has been sufficient to put a stop to all their movements. A sixtieth part of the Union, which is about the proportion of Delaware and Rhode Island, has several times been able to oppose an intire bar to its operations. This is one of those refinements which in practice has an effect, the reverse of what is expected from it in theory. The necessity of unanimity in public bodies, or of something approaching towards it, has been founded upon a supposition that it would contribute to security. But its real operation is to embarrass the administration, to destroy the energy of government, and to substitute the pleasure, caprice or artifices of an insignificant, turbulent or corrupt junta, to the regular deliberations and decisions of a respectable majority. In those emergencies of a nation, in which the goodness or badness, the weakness or strength of its government, is of the greatest importance, there is commonly a necessity for action. The public business must in some way or other go forward. If a pertinacious minority can controul the opinion of a majority respecting the best mode of conducting it; the majority in order that something may be done, must conform to the views of the minority; and thus the sense of the smaller number will over rule that of the greater and give a tone to the national proceedings. Hence tedious delays—continual negotiation and intrigue—contemptible compromises of the public good. And yet in such a system, it is even happy when such compromises can take place: For upon some occasions, things will not admit of accommodation; and then the measures of government must be injuriously suspended or fatally defeated. It is often, by the impracticability of obtaining the concurrence of the necessary number of votes, kept in a state of inaction. Its situation must always favour of weakness—sometimes border upon anarchy.
It is not difficult to discover that a principle of this kind gives greater scope to foreign corruption as well as to domestic faction, than that which permits the sense of the majority to decide; though the contrary of this has been presumed. The mistake has proceeded from not attending with due care to the mischiefs that may be occasioned by obstructing the progress of government at certain critical seasons. When the concurrence of a large number is required by the constitution to the doing of any national act, we are apt to rest satisfied that all is safe, because nothing improper will be likely to be done; but we forget how much good may be prevented, and how much ill may be produced, by the power of hindering the doing what may be necessary, and of keeping affairs in the same unfavourable posture in which they may happen to stand at particular periods.
Suppose for instance we were engaged in a war, in conjunction with one foreign nation against another. Suppose the necessity of our situation demanded peace, and the interest or ambition of our ally led him to seek the prosecution of the war, with views that might justify us in making separate terms. In such a state of things, this ally of ours would evidently find it much easier by his bribes and intrigues to tie up the hands of government from making peace, where two thirds of all the votes were requisite to that object, than where a simple majority would suffice. In the first case he would have to corrupt a smaller number; in the last a greater number. Upon the same principle it would be much easier for a foreign power with which we were at war, to perplex our councils and embarrass our exertions. And in a commercial view we may be subjected to similar inconveniences. A nation, with which we might have a treaty of commerce, could with much greater facility prevent our forming a connection with her competitor in trade; though such a connection should be ever so beneficial to ourselves.
Evils of this description ought not to be regarded as imaginary. One of the weak sides of republics, among their numerous advantages, is that they afford too early an inlet to foreign corruption. An hereditary monarch, though often disposed to sacrifice his subjects to his ambition, has so great a personal interest in the government, and in the external glory of the nation, that it is not easy for a foreign power to give him an equivalent for what he would sacrifice by treachery to the State. The world has accordingly been witness to few examples of this species of royal prostitution, though there have been abundant specimens of every other kind.
In republics, persons elevated from the mass of the community, by the suffrages of their fellow citizens, to stations of great pre-eminence and power, may find compensations for betraying their trust, which to any but minds animated and guided by superior virtue, may appear to exceed the proportion of interest they have in the common stock, and to over-balance the obligations of duty. Hence it is that history furnishes us with so many mortifying examples of the prevalence of foreign corruption in republican governments. How much this contributed to the ruin of the ancient commonwealths has been already delineated. It is well known that the deputies of the United Provinces have, in various instances been purchased by the emmissaries of the neighbouring kingdoms. The Earl of Chesterfield (if my memory serves me right) in a letter to his Court, intimates that his success in an important negotiation, must depend on his obtaining a Major's commission for one of those deputies. And in Sweden, the parties were alternately bought by France and England, in so barefaced and notorious a manner that it excited universal disgust in the nation; and was a principal cause that the most limited monarch in Europe, in a single day, without tumult, riot, or opposition, became one of the most absolute and uncontrouled.
† New Hampshire, Rhode Island, New-Jersey, Delaware, Georgia, South Carolina and Maryland, are a majority of the whole number of the States, but they do not contain one third of the people. ‡ Add New-York and Connecticut, to the foregoing seven, and they will still be less than a majority.
A circumstance, which crowns the defects of the confederation, remains yet to be mentioned—the want of a judiciary power. Laws are a dead letter without courts to expound and define their true meaning and operation. The treaties of the United States to have any force at all, must be considered as part of the law of the land. Their true import as far as respects individuals, must, like all other laws, be ascertained by judicial determinations. To produce uniformity in these determinations, they ought to be submitted in the last resort, to one SUPREME TRIBUNAL. And this tribunal ought to be instituted under the same authority which forms the treaties themselves. These ingredients are both indispensable. If there is in each State, a court of final jurisdiction, there may be as many different final determinations on the same point, as there are courts. There are endless diversities in the opinions of men. We often see not only different courts, but the Judges of the same court differing from each other. To avoid the confusion which would unavoidably result from the contradictory decisions of a number of independent judicatories, all nations have found it necessary to establish one court paramount to the rest—possessing a general superintendence, and authorized to settle and declare in the last resort, an uniform rule of civil justice.
This is the more necessary where the frame of the government is so compounded, that the laws of the whole are in danger of being contravened by the laws of the parts. In this case if the particular tribunals are invested with a right of ultimate jurisdiction, besides the contradictions to be expected from difference of opinion, there will be much to fear from the bias of local views and prejudices, and from the interference of local requisitions. As often as such an interference was to happen, there would be reason to apprehend, that the provisions of the particular laws might be preferred to those of the general laws; for nothing is more natural to man in office, than to look with peculiar deference towards that authority to which they owe their official existence. The treaties of the United States, under the present Constitution, are liable to the interactions of thirteen different legislatures, and as many different courts of final jurisdiction, acting under the authority of those legislatures. The faith, the reputation, the peace of the whole union, are thus continually at the mercy of the prejudices, the passions, and the interests of every member of which it is composed. Is it possible that foreign nations can either respect or confide in such a government? Is it possible that the people of America will longer consent to trust their honor, their happiness, their safety, on so precarious a foundation?
In this review of the Confederation, I have confined myself to the exhibition of its most material defects; passing over those imperfections in its details, by which even a considerable part of the power intended to be conferred upon it has been in a great measure rendered abortive. It must be by this time evident to all men of reflection, who can divest themselves of the prepossessions of preconceived opinions, that it is a system so radically vicious and unsound, as to admit not of amendment but by an entire change in its leading features and characters.
The organization of Congress, is itself utterly improper for the exercise of those powers which are necessary to be deposited in the Union. A single Assembly may be a proper receptacle of those slender, or rather fettered authorities, which have been heretofore delegated to the federal head; but it would be in consistent with all the principles of good government, to intrust it with those additional powers which even the moderate and more rational adversaries of the proposed constitution admit ought to reside in the United States. If that plan should not be adopted; and if the necessity of union should be able to withstand the ambitious aims of those men, who may indulge magnificent schemes of personal aggrandizement from its dissolution; the probability would be, that we should run into the project of conferring supplementary powers upon Congress as they are now constituted; and either the machine, from the intrinsic feebleness of its structure, will moulder into pieces in spite of our ill-judged efforts to prop it; or by successive augmentations of its force and energy, as necessity might prompt, we shall finally accumulate in a single body, all the most important prerogatives of sovereignty; and thus entail upon our posterity, one of the most execrable forms of government that human infatuation ever contrived. Thus we should create in reality that very tyranny, which the adversaries of the new Constitution either are, or affect to be solicitous to avert.
It has not a little contributed to the infirmities of the existing federal system, that it never had a ratification by the PEOPLE. Relying on no better foundation than the consent of the several Legislatures, it has been exposed to frequent and intricate questions concerning the validity of its powers; and has in some instances given birth to the enormous doctrine of a right of legislative repeal. Owing its ratification to the law of a State, it has been contended, that the same authority might repeal the law by which it was ratified. However gross a heresy it may be to maintain that a party to a compact has a right to revoke that compact, the doctrine itself has had respectable advocates. The possibility of a question of this nature, proves the necessity of laying the foundations of our national Government deeper than in the mere sanction of delegated authority. The fabric of American Empire ought to rest on the solid basis of THE CONSENT OF THE PEOPLE. The streams of national power ought to flow immediately from that pure original fountain of all legitimate authority.
PUBLIUS.
PHILADELPHIA, Dec. 12.
MR. OSWALD,
I send you an extract of a letter I have received from Mr. Jay, which I beg you will insert in your paper.
JOHN VAUGHAN.
Philadelphia, 7th Dec. 1787.
New-York, 18 Dec. 1787.
"I THANK you for your obliging letter of the 24th ult. enclosing a paragraph, respecting me in Mr. Oswald's paper of the same date.—You have my authority to deny the charge of sentiments it imputes to me, and to declare, that in my opinion, it is advisable for the people of America to adopt the constitution proposed by the late Convention. If you should think it expedient to publish this letter, I have no objections to its being done.
JOHN JAY."
DEBATES IN THE CONVENTION.
On Saturday last a very warm altercation passed in the Convention, of which we submit to our readers the following impartial statement.
Mr. M c Kean, rising in consequence of the repeated call of the opposition for answer to their arguments, observed, that the observation and objections were so often reiterated, that most of them had already been replied to, and in his opinion, all the objections which had been made to the proposed plan, might have been delivered in the space of two hours; so he concluded, that the excess of time had been consumed in trifling and unnecessary debate. In reply to these observations Mr. Smilie remarked, that the honorable gentleman had treated the opposition with contempt; and with a magisterial air , had condemned their arguments. He was about to proceed in his animadversion upon the conduct of the majority, who presumed thus, be added, upon their numbers, when several members started up, but at length, Mr. Chambers claimed the attention of the president. He began a speech of some length with terming Mr. Smilie's language indecent , because, he said, it alluded to Mr. M c Kean as a judge. He then proceeded with great heat to reprobate the behaviour of the three gentlemen, who managed the arguments against the proposed system, and declared that they had abused the indulgence which the other side of the house had granted to them in consenting to hear all their reasons. He next animadverted upon the characters of those who composed the opposition and loudly asked, where had they been found in the day of danger? Thence drawing a contrast between them and the representatives of Pennsylvania in the late Federal Convention, who were, he remarked, men of as great talents and patriotism, as good generals and statesmen, as any that had appeared in the business of the revolution. From this ground he took an opportunity of saying something about those Englishmen who had arrived in this country since the peace, and who had presumed to judge for themselves respecting the politics of Pennsylvania. He referred to Mr. Findley's having no more than two votes as a delegate to the Federal Convention, in order to shew the insignificance of his character, and the wisdom of Pennsylvania, which would not admit of his being elected on that occasion. He then adverted to the character of Mr. M c Kean, which he asserted was superior to all attacks, and concluded with declaring that every thing which had been offered by the opposition was, in his judgement, trifling and unnecessary. When Mr. Chambers had finished Mr. Smilie appealed to the candor of the Convention, whether he had used a single word which could be deemed indecent , and which was not fairly justified by the conduct to which he had alluded. He feelingly exclaimed that he was pleading for the interest of his country, and that no character should influence, and no violence over-awe his proceedings. For, he not only claimed the free exercise of speech, as a right, but he would exercise it as a duty. Mr. Findley followed, promising that he should take very little notice of the speech delivered by Mr. Chambers, as, indeed, he had never found occasion to take much notice of any thing that dropt from that quarter. He would observe however, that the characteristic of the conduct of the honorable member in public bodies was to discourse without reason, and to talk without argument. Here a considerable cry of order arose, and Mr. Findley said he would only add, that he always wished to avoid an investigation of characters, but at least, he would take care never to engage on that subject, but with a competent judge. During some disturbance in the house, Mr. Chambers retorted that he had a perfect contempt both for Mr. Findley's arguments and person, and Mr. Findley closed the altercation with declaring that he saw no reason for dispute, since he and Mr. Chambers were in that respect so perfectly agreed. Mr. M c Pheron stated to the chair the impropriety of such proceedings, and observed that the member from Fayette had not satisfactorily shown in what manner the member from the city (Mr. M c Kean,) had spoken indecent language, to justify the retort that had been made.—Mr. Findley then remarked that when a member undertook personally to dictate to the Convention he was an object of personal animadversion, for it was only by motion and resolve of the whole body, that their proceedings were to be governed.
Mr. Smilie said, he had in his opinion satisfactorily shown the ground upon which he had spoken, for he had referred to the recollection of the convention, that Mr. M c Kean treated the arguments of the opposition as trifling and contemptible, and this with a magisterial air , which was all the retort he had made. To this Mr. Findley rejoined that he did not rise to argue upon the question, but to claim what was just and right, he therefore referred it to the president to determine, whether he or his co-adjutors had trans-

gressed any of the established rules of the convention? Upon this the President said, it was true that no positive rule had been transgressed, but he could not avoid considering Mr. Smilie's language highly improper. On this there was a unanimous cry of adjourn, which at last, put a stop to the altercation.
In the course of an argument, to prove the disolution of the trial by jury, if the proposed system was adopted, and the consequent sacrifice of the liberties of the people, Mr. Findley observed, that when the trial by jury, which was known in Sweden so late as the middle of the last century, fell into disuse, the commons of that nation lost their freedom, and a tyrannical aristocracy prevailed. Mr. Wilson and Mr. M c Kean interrupted Mr. Findley, and called warmly for his authority to prove that the trial by jury existed in Sweden, Mr. Wilson declaring that he had never met with such an idea in the course of his reading; and Mr. M c Kean asserting that the trial by jury was never known in any other country than England, and the governments descended from that kingdom. Mr. Findley answered that he did not, at that moment, recollect his authority, but having formerly read histories of Sweden, he had received and retained the opinion which he now advanced, and would on a future occasion, perhaps, refer immediately to the book. Accordingly, on Monday, afternoon, he produced the Modern Universal History, and the 3d. volume of Blackstone's Commentaries, which incontrovertibly established his position. Having read his authorities, he concluded in the following manner "I am not accustomed, Mr. President, to have my word disputed in public bodies, upon the statement of a fact; but in this convention it has already occurred more than once. It is now evident, however, that I was contradicted on this subject improperly and unjustly, by the learned Chief Justice and Counsellor from the city. That the account given in the Universal History should escape the recollection or observation of the best informed men, is not extraordinary, but this I will observe, that if my son had been at the study of the law for six months, and was not acquainted with the passage in Blackstone, I should be justified in whipping him. But the contradiction coming from the quarter known to this convention, I am at a loss whether to ascribe it to the want of veracity, or the ignorance of the learned members." Yesterday morning Mr. Wilson again adverted to the subject in the following manner. "I will, Mr. President take some notice of a circumstance, which, for want of something more important, has made considerable noise.—I mean what respects the assertion, of the member from Westmoreland that trials by jury were known in Sweden, I confess, Sir, when I heard that assertion it struck me as new, and contrary to my idea of the fact, and, therefore, in as decent terms as I could, I asked for the honorable member's authority. The book in which it is found convinces me I must before have read it, but I do not pretend to remember every thing I read. This remark is made more for the sake of my colleague, who supported my opinion, than for my own.—But I will add, Sir, that those whose stock of knowledge is limited to a few items, may easily remember and refer to them; but many things may be overlooked and forgotten in a magazine of literature.—It may therefore, with propriety be said, by my honorable colleague, as it was formerly said by Sir John Maynard to a petulant student, who reproached him with an ignorance of a trifling point. "Young man, I have forgotten more law than ever you learned."
On Monday afternoon Mr. M c Kean entered into an elaborate investigation of the leading objections made to the proposed constitution, and having ably defended it in all its parts, he concluded emphatically that having served a routine in government, in the legislative, executive and judicial departments, he saw nothing in the system under consideration which his judgment could determine to be the object of terror or apprehension; but he anticipated from its adoption what had been his constant wish—permanency in the government and stability in the laws.—As soon as Mr. M c Kean had closed his speech, a loud and general tribute of applause was expressed by the citizens in the gallery; which gave occasion to the following Philippic from Mr. Smilie. "Mr. President, I confess that hitherto I have persuaded myself that the opposition had the best of the argument on the present important question; but I have found myself mistaken, for the gentlemen on the other side have, indeed, an argument which surpasses and supercedes all others,—a party in the gallery prepared to clap and huzza in affirmation of their speeches. But, Sir, let it be remembered that this is not the voice of the people of Pennsylvania; for, were I convinced of that, I should consider it as a conclusive approbation of the proposed system, and would give a ready acquiescence. No, Sir, this is not the voice of the people of Pennsylvania; and were this convention assembled at another place, the found would be of a different nature, for the sentiments of the citizens are different indeed. Even there, however, it would pain me were I to see the majority of this body, treated with such gross insult and disrespect by my friends, as the minority now experience from their's. In short, Mr. President, this is not the mode which will prevail on the citizens of Pennsylvania to adopt the proposed plan, let the decision here be what it may; and I will add that such conduct, nay were the gallery filled with bayonets, such appearance of violence would not intimidate me, or those who act with me, in the conscientious discharge of a public duty." When Mr. Smilie had finished, Mr. M c Kean remarked that the worthy gentleman seemed mighty angry, merely because some body was pleased.
Mr. M c Kean said, in the course of his speech
on Monday, that the apprehensions of the opposition respecting the new plan, amounted to this, that if the sky falls, we shall catch larks: if the rivers run dry, we shall catch eels; and he compared their arguments to a sound, but then it was a mere sound, like the working of small beer.
A number of memorials were on Monday last presented to the Convention from the inhabitant of the county of Philadelphia, stating the advantages that county enjoys, and requesting it might be offered as the seat of federal Government, in which the exclusive jurisdiction of Congress may be exercised.
New-York, Dec. 15.
Extract of a letter from Major Elham, to the honorable Major General Moultrie, dated Augusta, (State of Georgia) Nov. 11.
Sir, "The Savages are daily committing new marks of cruelties on the inhabitants of this state, (shocking to humanity) the other day they tortured a prisoner as long as they could contrive to give pain to human nature, and then left the unfortunate victim with a stake drove through his bowels.
"Every possible preparation to bring the Creeks to justice is made; and one have of the militia immediately ordered into the field: Recruiting officers industriously engage in raising four regiments, consisting of 750 men each; and I am informed with great success. I have engaged (authorised by my fellow citizens for that purpose) for Franklin, to act in concert with 1500 Franks, with the movements of the State of Georgia, and to be commanded by a general of their own, to the west of the mountains.
"A commissioner is to be sent to the Spanish governors, to request of that government not to assist our common enemy with any arms or ammunition. &c."
Extract of a Letter from a Member of the Hon. House of Delegates, now sitting at Annapolis; to his Friend in Baltimore, dated the 1st Instant.
"Men are generally pleased with others, who are under the same impression, and take the same side on momentous questions, as themselves—so that you may be sure I was highly gratified today, by the petition from Baltimore, and the number of respectable signers; from whence, I have a confirmation of previous reports of the unanimity of your town on the Federal Constitution.—The house of Delegates did not consider it within their duty to endeavour to give any matter rested on our decision, there would have been, I believe, but very few against it. Doctor M c Henry acquitted himself to admiration;—he has shown himself the Federalist, the politician and the gentleman, as well as the citizen of this State.—He compared and measured many parts objected to, with each other—other parts of the same instrument, and with other propositions, as a graduated scale, and ascertained their differences as with dividers. I do no man injury, nor shall I give offence, I believe, in saying, his knowledge of this subject is the most comprehensive, his ideas the most distinct, and his explanations the shortest, clearest, and most satisfactory of any gentleman's I have met with.—I am really charmed with him.—The people of Baltimore with the Constitution to be adopted; how far the members to Convention may be left at liberty by the people, I do not know; but I am clear that with men at liberty, and disposed to judge, Doctor M c Henry would have greater power than any man I know; for this reason, and as a mark of his townsmen's full approbation of his conduct in his business, I wish him to be returned to the Convention.—You will pardon me, my dear Sir, for this freedom—If all Baltimore could have been spectators of the scene, I am sure they would have needed no hint to lead their choice.—It really is more in his power than any other person's, to promote this good cause and the wishes of Baltimore; and thence, I am confident, he would be your choice."
ARRIVALS since our last.
Brig Loyal Ann, M c Cay, Kingston, Jamaica. Schooner N. York Packet, Barnard, Boston.
Monthly Committee of the Chamber of Commerce. Messrs. WILLIAM MALCOM, THOMAS PEARSALL, EFFINGHAM EMEREE. THOMAS B. STOUGHTON. New-York, December, 1787.
ASSIZE of BREAD.
Established in Common Council, December 5, 1787. A Loaf of inspected superfine Wheat Flour, to weigh Two Pounds Five Ounces, for Six-Pence. A Loaf of Rye Flour, to weigh One Pound Twelve Ounces, for Three-Pence.
To LET, on reasonable Terms, TWO large, genteel unfurnished ROOMS, with a good Kitchen and other Conveniencies, in HANOVER-SQUARE.—Enquire of the Printer.
Wants a Place,
A YOUNG MAN as Clerk in a Counting-House, or to attend a Store; he is well acquainted with Wet and Dry Goods, and will engage on very reasonable Terms. Enquire of the Printer. 22
Mr. BROMFIELD,
WHO came from England, to this country, in 1771 or 1772, is desired immediately to apply, either in Person or by his Friend to JAMES RIVINGTON; when he will be informed of further particulars.
For Londonderry, The SHIP JENN Y, JOHN SMITH, Master,
Will sail about the 16th of December.—For Freight or Passage apply to Captain John Smith, No. 76, Cherry-Street, or on board the Ship, laying at Malcom's Wharf. New-York, November 30, 1787. 18
WANTED, A Complete Book-Keeper, None other need apply. Enquire of the Printer. 20
WILLIAM TAYLOR, Has for Sale, at his Store, No. 4, Crane-Wharf, CURRANTS, GINGER, SPERMACETI CANDLES, PICKLED SALMON in Tierces, Barrels and half Barrels, HERRING and MACKAREL in Barrels, COD, SCALE, and DUMB FISH, in Quintals. New-York, December 12, 1787. 21
LOST, A Newfoundland DOG, ABOUT two months old, of a black and brown colour, and his Tail curled over his back.—Whoever will bring him to Mr. Dunlap's, No. 13, Queen-Street, shall receive TWENTY SHILLINGS Reward. New-York, December 12, 1787. 21
FLAX-SEED STORED, CLEANED, PURCHASED and SOLD, at HERITTELL and WOODWARD'S FLAX-SEED STORE, Lately occupied by Mr. JACOB SARLY, last by Mr. NASH, between Van Landi's and Murray's Wharves.
FAYAL WINES, Of a very superior Quality, JUST imported from FAYAL, in the Sloop CRIPPLE, GILES HOLLISTER, Master, and for Sale on reasonable Terms, by LE ROY and BAYARD, No. 194, Water-Street. Who have likewise fill on Hand, LINTSEED OIL, in Casks, Dutch; OSNABURGH, FLEMISH SHEETINGS; CARDWIRE; PEPPER in bales. 82
TO BE HAD AT Lot Merkel's Store, No. 33, HANOVER-SQUARE, nearly opposite the BANK, Tobacco for Smoaking. KITEFOOT, of the very first quality, Ditto of an inferior ditto, Large Roll Tobacco, fit for Manufacturers, Segars, Genuine Maccauba Snuff, Ditto Rappée, of different qualities, Gentlemen's Gloves, Buckskin and Beaver, of the first quality. At the above STORE, the Highest Price is given for SHIPPING FURS. New-York, May 23, 1787. 65
By order of the Hon. Richard Morris, Esq. Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the State of New York.
NOTICE is hereby given to SAMUEL MARSH, surviving partner of Samuel Marsh, and Giles Hudson, late of the city of London, merchants, an absent debtor, and all others whom it may concern; that on application, and due proof made to him the said Chief Justice, pursuant to the directions of the Law of the State of New-York, entitled "An act for relief against absconding and absent debtors," passed the 4th of April, 1786: He hath directed all the estate, real and personal, within the State of New-York, of the said Samuel Marsh, to be seized; and that unless the said Samuel Marsh doth discharge his debts within one year after this public notice of such seizure, all his estate, real and personal, will be sold for the payment and satisfaction of his creditors. New York, June 22, 1787. 95
NOTICE is hereby given to all persons indebted to JACOB HAGGERMAN, of the City of New-York, an insolvent Debtor, that unless they make immediate Payment to the Subscribers, their Accounts will be put in the hands of an Attorney.—And all his Creditors are desired to bring in their Accounts, properly attested, to JOHN MURRAY, or } Assignees. WALTER BUCHANAN, } 205w
The QUEEN of FRANCE's favorite SNUFF.
MADE in Dublin, by Lundy Foot, and generally called HIGH TOAST, or IRISH BLACKGUARD, originally made in John's Lane. Ladies and Gentlemen of the French Court, have lately adopted Mr. Foot's Snuff, out of compliment to their Royal Mistress.—Sold in canisters of Five and Ten Shillings each, by JAMES RIVINGTON.
OF WHOM MAY BE HAD, HARDHAM'S RAPPEE SNUFFS: NUMBER 5, his Rappée, and Number 37, his universally admired Flavour.
COCK GAFFS. Of most excellent Steel, to be had of JAMES RIVINGTON. Who this Day has published, Price, ONE SHILLING, Directions for breeding Game Cocks, WITH methods of treating them from the time they are hatched till fit to fight.—Instructions forchoosing a Cock and Hens to breed from,—place to breed at,—and remarks worthy observation previous to fighting a Match—Also Articles for a Cock-Match; Key to a Match Bet; Laws, Rules and Orders in Cocking, abided by at the Cockpit Royal in Westminster; with Calculations for Betting. The whole being the result of many years experience.
Christmas Pieces, FOR Scholars, on the approaching Recess, may be had Wholesale and Retail of JAMES RIVINGTON. 19
FOR SALE, By JAMES DEAS, No. 216, QUEEN-STREET. A QUANTITY of Fat Fall MACKAREL, SALMON, in barrels and half barrels; SCALE FISH, SHAD, and seven barrels pickled BASS. New-York, November 30, 1787. 18
SUGAR-BAKERS may be supplied with any Quantity of BLUE SUGAR-LOAF PAPER, by leaving their Orders with BENJAMIN S. JUDAH, No. 12, Queen-Street. 14
Christopher Lewis Lente, At his Store, No. 39, Hanover-Square, HAS for SALE, a very large assortment of Groceries, Confectionaries, Wines & other bottled Liquors, &c. which were all purchased for ready Money, and will dispose of them on very reasonable Terms.—He is determined not to sell any thing out of his Store but for Cash being paid on delivery of the Goods, having considerable Sums of outstanding debts, which puts it out of his power to give Credit any longer.—All Orders from the Country will be punctually attended to, but no goods will be sent unless the Cash or Produce is at the same time sent.
FOR SALE, At the READY-MONEY STORE, No. 39, Hanover-Square, CHAMPAIGNE, Burgundy, Madeira, Claret, Port, Hock, Constantia, Cyprus, Syracuse, Stomatical, Lisbon, Fyall, and Teneriffe Wines, in casks and bottles, Arrack and Coniac Brandy, Geneva in casks and half ankers, A great variety of rich German, French and Italian Liqueurs, &c. London bottled Porter in casks & small packages—Fine Hysan, Souchong, Green and Bohea Tea, Coffee, Chocolate and Sugar-Candy, Double and Single Lump Sugar, Muscovado, ditto.—With a large and general assortment of GROCERIES, too tedious to enumerate. Considerable abatement will be made to those who purchase by the Quantity.
By Order of the Hon. Richard Morris, Esq. Chief Justice of the State of New-York.
NOTICE is hereby given to all the Creditors of CHRISTIAN VALKENBURGH, an Insolvent Debtor, to appear before the said Chief Justice at his Chambers situate in Nassau-Street, in the North Ward of the City of New-York, by Monday the twenty fourth day of December next to show cause (if any they have) why an assignment of the said Debtor's Estate should not be made for the benefit of all his creditors, and he be discharged according to the form of the Act, entitled, "An Act for the relief of Insolvent Debtors," passed the 13th day of April 1786.—Dated this 26th day of November, 1787. 17 CHRISTIAN VALKENBURGH.
Wanted to Hire,
A Middle-aged BLACK WOMAN, of good Character, who understands Cooking and House-Work. One of this description may hear of a desirable Place by applying to the Printer. New-York, Dec. 7, 1787. 20

On S C A N D A L. BELIEVE not each aspering tongue, As most weak persons do! But still believe the story wrong, Which ought not to be true.
MR. HARDIE, Teacher of Languages, RETURNS his most grateful acknowledgements to his good Friends, for their generous patronage, since he opened a Publick School.
At their request he wished to introduce the practice of hearing his Latin Scholars occasionally read Latin in English; but finding it difficult to attend to a variety of branches at the same time, and wishing to do all in his power to promote the progress of the young Gentlemen committed to his care, he has taken, as an assistant, Mr. Martin, a Gentleman educated at the University of Glasgow, who, together with himself, will industriously instruct their Scholars in the following branches, viz. Writing, Arithmetic, Geography, Navigation, and the Greek, Latin, and English Languages grammatically. Particular attention will be also paid to train up the young Gentlemen to a just and graceful mode of Elocution; and some time will be daily spent in teaching Orthography.—Apply at the School, next door to the Methodist Church in John-Street. New-York, November 27, 1787. 17
GEORGE POLLOCK, HAS received by the Hudson, from Dublin, and the Ann and Susannah, from Liverpool, a general and complete Assortment of \frac{1}{2} , \frac{3}{4} , and \frac{1}{2} low-priced IRISH LINEN, which he will sell on very moderate Terms, at his Store, No. 28, Water-Street. POT-ASHES and FLAX-SEED received in payment.
Christian Edwards, RESPECTFULLY informs the Public, that in order to carry on the Business of BARBER and HAIR-DRESSER in all its Branches. She has entered into Partnership with DAVID GREY, at No. 39, Golden-Hill-Street; a person regularly bred, and well qualified for the purpose. She takes this opportunity of requesting the return, if convenient, of the customers of her deceased Husband, and recommending her endeavours to support her young Family to patronage of the humane Public. N. B. They make and sell at the lowest prices, Ladies Cushions, Breads, Curls, Powder, Potamias, &c. New-York, November 30, 1787. 18
THOMAS THOMAS, TINMAN, COPPERSMITH, and BRASS FOUNDER, No. 206, QUEEN-STREET, opposite Burling-Slip.
BEGS leave to return his sincere Thanks to his Friends and the Public in general, and informs them, that he has entered very extensively into the manufacturing part of the above Branches of Business, superior to any imported and equally as Cheap. He has on hand a very large and extensive Assortment of all kinds of Tin, Copper, Brass, and Pewter Ware, which he intends selling on very low Terms for Cash. Copper and Brass Utensils mended and tinned with pure Grain Tin. The highest Price given for old Copper, Brass and Pewter.
PURSUANT to an act of the Legislature of the State of New-York, entitled, "An act for relief against absconding and absent debtors," passed the 4th of April, 1786; notice is hereby given, that we Robert Bowne, John Murray, and John Murray, jun. have been duly appointed trustees for all the creditors of Ebenezer Gearay, the elder, of Lebanon in the State of Connecticut, Ebenezer Gearay, the younger, now or late of Basinghall-Street in London, in the Kingdom of Great Britain, Henry Champion of Norwich, in the State of Connecticut aforesaid, Eneas Gearay, late of the city of New-York, merchants, and partners in trade, absent debtors; and we do, pursuant to the directions of the said act, hereby require all persons who are indebted to the said Ebenezer Gearay, the elder, Ebenezer Gearay, the younger, Henry Champion, and Eneas Gearay, by the tenth day of November next ensuing the date hereof, to pay all such sum or sums of money, or other debt, duty or thing which they owe to the said absent debtors; and deliver all effects of such absent debtors, which he, she or they may have in his, her or their hands, power or custody, unto us the said trustees; and all the creditors of the said Ebenezer Gearay, the elder, Ebenezer Gearay, the younger, Henry Champion, and Eneas Gearay, by the first day of May next, to deliver to us the said trustees, or any one or more of us, their respective accounts and demands against the said absent debtors. Given under our hands the 13th day of October, 1787. ROBERT BOWNE, JOHN MURRAY, } Trustees. JOHN MURRAY, jun. }
By order of JOHN SLOSS HOBART, Esq. one of the Justices of the Supreme Court of Judicature, for the State of New-York:
PUBLIC NOTICE is hereby given, that on the application of JOHN OOTHOUT , of the City of New-York, Merchant, a Creditor of JOHN DUMONT , late of the same City, Merchant, a Debtor residing without this State, he hath, in pursuance of the Act, entitled, "An Act for relief against absconding and absent Debtors," passed the 4th of April, 1786, directed all the Estate, real and personal, of the said John Dumont, within this State, to be seized; and that unless the said John Dumont does his debts within one year from the date hereof, all his Estate, real and personal, so seized, will be sold for the payment and satisfaction of his Creditors. Given at New-York, this nineteenth day of April, 1787. 54
NOTICE is hereby given, according to the form of an Act of the Legislature of the late Colony of New-York, entitled, "An Act for the more effectual Registry of Mortgages, and for securing the Purchasers of Mortgaged Estates;" passed the nineteenth day of March, in the year of our Lord, one thousand seven hundred and seventy four—that on the sixth day of March next ensuing the date hereof, at twelve o'clock in the forenoon of the same day, will be SOLD at PUBLIC AUCTION , upon the Premises—
The Fee-Simple of all that certain Messuage or Dwelling-House, and Lot of Ground, situate and being in the North Ward of the City of New-York, on the northerly side of a certain Street called and known by the name of Little Queen Street, bounded southerly in front on said Street; easterly, on the house and ground now or late of Thomas Marlow; westerly, in the rear on the ground now or late of John Livingston, and others; and westerly, on the New Dutch Church Yard. The said Dwelling-House, and Lot of Ground, containing in breadth in front and rear, twenty-three feet and an half, and in length on each side ninety-six feet; together with the Houses, Edifices, and Buildings thereon erected and being, and all Gardens, Yards, Wells, Backsides, Ways, Paths, Passages, Easements, Profits, Commodities, Advantages, Emoluments, Hereditaments and Appurtenances to the said Dwelling-House and Lot of Ground, belonging or in any wise appertaining; which Sale will be made in virtue of a Mortgage of the said premises, by indentures of lease and release, bearing date the twenty-first and twenty-second days of October, in the year of our Lord, one thousand seven hundred and eighty-five, (with a power to sell therein contained) from William Bryant, of the City of New-York, Doctor of Physic, to Alexander Leslie, late of the City of New-York aforesaid, Peruke Maker, assigned to the Subscribers, who will thereupon execute deeds of conveyance to the Purchaser, pursuant to the power in the said Mortgage and the Act aforesaid.
WILLIAM DAVIS, JAMES SIRACHAN, JAMES MACKENZIE. By their Attorney, CHARLES SMITH. 91 6m.
By order of the Hon. Richard Morris, Esq. Chief Justice of the State of New-York.
NOTICE is hereby given to David Greame, George Jackson, Arthur Forrest, Richard Willis, the Rev. Thomas Dampier, John Elwes, and Richard Willis aforesaid, in trust for Mary the wife of William Croffes, John Elwes in his own right, Patrick Crawford and Gilbert Meason, executors of James Crawford, deceased, John Hutchinson Mure, Robert Mure, and Richard Atkinson, joint partners; John Duval, William Robertson, Neal Ward, Mary Sleach, Lucy Sleach, William Berry, Peter Hasenclever and Charles Croffes, late partners with Andrew Seaton (who is become bankrupt) under the stile or firm of HASENCLEVER, SEATON and CROFFES ; also the said Andrew Seaton, the said William Robertson, Miles Nightengale, and the said Richard Willis, as Assignees of the estate and effects of the said Andrew Seaton, under the said commission of bankruptcy, and the said Peter Hasenclever in his own right, now or late associated in a company generally known by the name, firm and description of the AMERICAN IRON COMPANY , or the RINGWOOD COMPANY , absent Debtors, and to all others whom it doth or may concern; that upon application and due proof made to the said Chief Justice, pursuant to a statute of the Legislature of the State of New-York, entitled, "An Act for relief against absconding and absent Debtors," passed the 4th of April, 1786, he the said Chief Justice hath issued his warrant to the Sheriff of the County of Westchester, commanding him to attach, seize, take and safely keep, all the estate as well real as personal of the said American Iron Company, or Ringwood Company, composed of the said several persons as aforesaid, absent Debtors, of what kind or nature soever, and every or any part or parcel thereof in whatever part of his bailiwick they can be found with all evidences, books of accounts, vouchers, and papers relating thereto; And that unless they, the said several persons, composing the said American Iron Company, or Ringwood Company as aforesaid, shall return and discharge their debts within twelve months after the publication of this notice, all their estate, real and personal, will be sold for the payment and satisfaction of their Creditors.—Dated at the City of New-York, the tenth day of September, in the year of our Lord 1787. 95 3m.
Craigie, Wainwright, and Co. DRUGGISTS,
No. 37, Wall-Street, corner of Hanover-Square, HAVE imported in the last Ships from Europe, a general Assortment of DRUGS, MEDICINE, and SURGEON'S INSTRUMENTS , which they will dispose of on very reasonable Terms, for Cash, Bees-Wax, Snake-Root, Pot or Pearl Ashes.
The following are part of their Assortment: Genuine red Peruvian Bark, Peruvian Bark, Camphor, Calomel, Antimony, Cream of Tartar, Flower of Sulphur, Tartar Emetic, Ipeca-cuana, Jalap, Rhubarb, Glauber Salts, Opium, Spanish Flies, Manna, Aloes, Aqua Fortis, Borax, Gentian Root, Flowers of Lavender, Flowers of Camomile, Senna, &c.
SURGEON'S INSTRUMENTS. Pocket Instruments, Dissecting Knives, crooked Needles, Teeth Instruments, Lancets, Mortars and Pestles, Spatulas and Bolus Knives, Amputating Instruments, Lythotomical ditto, Cupping ditto, Lint, Tow, Sponge, Pill-Boxes, Phials, Gallipots, &c.
At the same place may be had, A great variety of Genuine PATENT MEDICINE Practitioners and Country Store-keepers may depend upon being well supplied at the above Store.
Medicine Chests for Shipping, Plantations, or Iron Works, with directions suited to the disorders of the country, are made up on the lowest Terms.
SALT-PETRE , very low by the Hundred, to be had at the above Store. New-York, October 11, 1787. 4
JUST IMPORTED, And now opening for Sale, by
Nicholas Brevoort, At his Store, No. 25, QUEEN-STREET,
FOUR-PENNY , 6d. 8d. 1od. 12d. 2od. and 24d. Nails; Brass Kettles; Sheet Copper; Sheet Iron; Frying Pans; Spades and Shovels; Iron Pots and Kettles; Anvils; Beck Irons; Vices; Sheet Lead; White Lead; Scythes and Sickles; Saws of all kinds; Locks and Hinges; Carpenters', Coopers' and Joiners' Tools; Sash Line; Desk Furniture; Taff and Staple Nails; Currier's Knives and Pleachers; Spike and Nail Gimblets; Brass Knob Latches; Brass and Iron Candlesticks; Shovels and Tongs; Copper and Iron Tea Kettles; Writing Paper; Jack Chains; Brass and Iron wire; Files of all sorts; Diaper Web; Shoe and Knee Chapes; Warming-Pans; Knives and Forks; Sad Irons; Coffee Mills; Kitchen and Chamber Bellows; Curb and Snaffle Bits; Men and Women's Stirrup Irons; Curry Combs; Scale Beams; Steelyards; Glue; and many other articles in the Hard-ware Line, too tedious to enumerate. New-York, July 10, 1787. 78
ISAAC HOOK, BREECHES MAKER and GLOVER, from LONDON,
BEGS Leave to inform all Gentlemen, and the Public in general, that he has now opened a Shop at No. 231, QUEEN-STREET, NEW-YORK, where he intends to carry on the BREECHES MAKING and GLOVE MANUFACTORY , in all its different Branches, both common and elastic, in a far superior manner to any yet manufactured in this Country.—All Gentlemen that please to favour him with their Orders, may depend upon being served on the shortest notice, and on the most reasonable Terms. 97
Leonard Rogers, BREECHES MAKER and GLOVER, Not from LONDON,
BEGS leave to inform all Gentlemen and the Public in general, that he still carries on the above Manufactory at No. 55, Broad-Way, New-York, where Gentlemen may be served with all kinds of Articles in that branch in a far superior manner to the above advertisement.
All Gentlemen that would wish to be served with Patent Breeches, may rely on their being made in the neatest manner, with punctuality, as he has now in his employ an excellent Artificer from London, who perfectly understands that Branch. All Gentlemen that please to favour him with their Orders, may depend upon being served on the shortest Notice, and on the most reasonable Terms. 16
JOHN DALTON, SURGEON and PRACTITIONER of PHYSIC
HAS removed from No. 67 to No. 65, Cherry-Street, and informs his Friends in particular, and the Public in general, that by long experience he has found out a method to eradicate a certain Complaint, without one grain of that pernicious Medicine unskillfully administered, called Mercury, and in so short a time as will surprise any who favours him with their commands. The greatest secrecy may be depended on.
BLANK Bonds, Bills of Exchange, Powers of Attorney, Indentures. Seamen's Articles, &c. to be had of the Printer.
MRS. BRYCE, Milliner and Mantua Maker, from Glasgow,
RESPECTFULLY informs her Friends in general, and the Ladies in particular, that having carried on an extensive business in Britain—she has now opened Store at No. 4, opposite the middle of the Olwego-Market where all Orders received in the various branches of Millinery and Mantua Making, will be executed with neatness and dispatch. And as it is her highest ambition to merit the approbation of her employers, so she hopes to receive (though a stranger) a part of that public favor and patronage, which so eminently distinguishes the citizens of this City.
N. B. All Orders from the Ladies in the Country, will be carefully attended to as above. New-York, November 2, 1787. 10
NOTICE is hereby given, that on Monday the 17th day of December next, at the house of WILLIAM SETON , No. 12 Hanover-Square, a Division will be made of the Money which shall have come to our hands as Assignees of the Estate of ISAAC GOUVERNEUR , jun. as Surviving Partner of the House of CURSON and GOUVERNEUR ;—All the Creditors of the said House of Curson and Gouverneur are requested to meet on Monday the tenth day of December next at the house of William Seton aforesaid to examine and ascertain the debts due to them respectively, according to the intent and meaning of the Act entitled "An Act for the relief of Insolvent Debtors" passed the 13th of April, 1786.
WILLIAM SETON, JOHN LAWRENCE, } Assignees.
At a Court of Chancery held at the Chancellor's Chambers, in the City of New-York, the ninth day of October, one thousand seven hundred and eighty-seven.
P R E S E N T, The Honorable ROBERT R. LIVINGSTON , Esquire, Chancellor.
In C H A N C E R Y , Lawrence Hewlett, James Willett, and Leonard Lawrence, Executors of the last Will and Testament of John Willett, deceased, Complainants.
v. s. John Van Lew, Defendant. FORASMUCH as it appears to this Honorable Court, that a Bill has been filed therein, by Lawrence Hewlett, James Willett, and Leonard Lawrence, Executors of the last Will and Testament of John Willett, deceased, Mortgagee, against the Defendant John Van Lew, Mortgagor, to obtain a decree for the sale of certain premises therein mentioned to have been mortgaged by the said Defendant, John Van Lew, to the said John Willett—Whereupon process of subpoena, to appear and answer, hath been duly issued and returned, and that the said Defendant, John Van Lew, hath not entered his appearance in this suit, as according to the rules of this Court the same ought to have been done, in case the said process had been duly served—and an affidavit having been made to the satisfaction of this Court, that the said Defendant, John Van Lew, has withdrawn himself out of this State, and cannot, upon due enquiry, be found within the same, so as to be served with the said process, which issued on the filing of the bill of complaint in this cause. Wherefore it is ordered, on motion of Mr. Bogert, of Counsel for the complainants, that the said John Van Lew appear to the said bill in three months from the date hereof; and in default thereof, that the complainants said bill be taken pro confesso , to the end that a decree may be made for a sale of the said mortgaged premises, or such part thereof as to this Court shall appear just and right. And it is further ordered, that a copy of this order be inserted in (at least) two of the Public Newspapers printed in the State of New-York, for the space of eight weeks successively.
Extract from the Minutes. W. COCK, Register.
By order of the Honourable Richard Morris, Esquire, Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Judicature of the State of New-York.
NOTICE is hereby given to Moses Franks, and to all others whom it may concern, that on application and due proof made to the said Chief Justice, pursuant to an Act of the Legislature of the State of New-York, entitled, "An Act for relief against absconding and absent Debtors," passed the fourth day of April, 1786, he hath issued his warrants to the Sheriff of the City and County of New-York, and the Sheriff of the County of Suffolk, commanding them to attach, take, seize, and safely keep all the Estate, as well real as personal of the said Moses Franks, an absent debtor, of what kind or nature soever, and every or any part or parcel thereof, in whatever part of their bailiwick the same can be found, with all evidences, books of accounts, vouchers, and papers relating thereto. And that unless he the said Moses Franks shall appear by himself, or Attorney, and discharge his debts within twelve months after the publication of this notice, all his Estate, real and personal, will be sold for the payment and satisfaction of his Creditors. Dated at the City of New-York, this twenty-sixth day of February, in the year of our Lord, one thousand seven hundred and eighty-seven. 39 w.t.f.
To be had of the Printer, Dr. ANDERSON'S GENUINE S C O T S P I L L S.