Gazette of the United-States. (New-York [N.Y.]), 1790-11-13 00:00:00

Gazette of the United States.
PUBLISHED WEDNESDAYS AND SATURDAYS BY JOHN FENNO, No. 69, MARKET-STREET, BETWEEN SECOND AND THIRD STREETS, PHILADELPHIA.
[No. 57, of Vol. II.]
SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 13, 1790.
[Whole No. 161.]
Discourses on Davila.
No. XXIII.—CONTINUED.
Utrumque regem, sua multitudo contulit averat.
IN the beginning of the year 1561, the Queen-mother and the King of Navarre dismissed the States General, least the Guises should excite some fermentation there. The formation of a constitution and the settlement of religion, were never the real objects for which they had been called. It appears not that they were even asked to ratify the regency in the Queen-mother. So loose and uncertain was the sovereignty of that great nation, that a confused agreement of the chiefs of two factions, was thought sufficient for its government, without any forms or legal solemnities. The stability of the government, and the security of the lives, liberties and properties of the people was proportionate to such a system. The court was still agitated with divisions and dissensions.
The Guises, who had obtained but a small part of their pretensions; that is to say, much in appearance and little in reality; accustomed to rule, and very discontented with the government and with the Queen, who failed to perform the promises she had made to them, watched all opportunities to regain their first advantages. The Prince of Conde, more irritated than ever, kept in view his ancient projects, and burned with an implacable desire of vengeance. The Colignies were obstinate to protect the Hugonots. The two parties labored to gain the Constable, but he declared that he would remain neuter, and attach himself only to the King and the Queen. He was confirmed in this resolution by the conduct of the King of Navarre, who, satisfied with the present arrangement, lived in good intelligence with the regent, and thought of nothing but peace. The Admiral, his brothers, and the Prince of Conde, flattered themselves that the connection of blood would draw the Constable, ultimately to their party. The Guises, who knew his attachment to the Catholic faith, and his aversion to Calvinism, which he had cruelly persecuted under Henry II, despaired not to gain him, under the pretext of defending religion, and exterminating the Hugonots. The vivacity of the King of Navarre, in urging the Queen to accomplish the promises she had made him in favor of the Hugonots, contributed not a little to keep up this fermentation. This Princess, satisfied with having established a kind of equilibrium, which secured her power and that of her children, dreaded to intercept it, and avoided all occasions of displeasing the King of Navarre.
She made use of delays and pretences, in hopes that the King of Navarre would relax; but that Prince, excited and transported beyond the bounds of his character, by the continued instigations of his brother, and the Admiral, and by the urgent solicitations of the Queen his consort, became the more ardent in demanding what had been promised him. The Chancellor De L'Hopital, whether he judged a liberty of conscience necessary to the good of the state, or whether he had an inclination to Calvinism, favored, under hand, the solicitations of the King of Navarre. He restrained with all his authority, the severity of the other magistrates, and exhorted the Queen to be sparing of blood, to leave consciences in tranquillity, and to avoid every thing which might interrupt a peace, which had cost so much pains to establish. Several of those who composed the council, supported these instances of the King of Navarre, and protested that they ought to be weary of imbruing their hands in the blood of Frenchmen: and that it was time to put an end to punishments, the fear of which forced so many good subjects to abandon their houses, families and country. The Hugonots themselves, among whom were many persons of sense and merit, neglected no cares nor means proper to favor their cause: and sometimes by writing composed with art, and skilfully propagated; sometimes by petitions presented in proper seasons; and sometimes by persuasive discourses of their partizans, endeavored to impress the great in their favor, by pathetic paintings of the misfortunes with which they were oppressed. The Queen was, at length, obliged to give way to the sentiments and authority of so many persons. Perhaps she was convinced of the wisdom of relaxing a severity, which she was in no condition to maintain; and of abandoning laws, which they could no longer
execute with rigour. She consented therefore to an Edict, rendered by the council on the 28th of January. This Edict enjoined all magistrates to release all the prisoners arrested, on account of religion: to stop all prosecutions commenced for this cause; to hinder disputes upon matters of faith: forbidding individuals to give each other the odious appellations of Heretics or Papists: finally, to prevent unlawful assemblies, commotions, seditions, and maintain concord and peace in all their departments. Thus, with the design of putting an end to punishments and the effusion of blood, a motive dictated by religion and humanity, Calvinism was, if not permitted, at least tolerated, and indirectly authorised.
More lively contestations were expected concerning the promise which respected the Guises. The King of Navarre, recalling to the Queen the secret promises which she had made to him, pretended, that in his quality of lieutenant-general of the kingdom, they ought to deliver to him the keys of the palace which the Duke of Guise kept, as grand master of the King's house-hold.
The Queen, in truth, no longer doubted the attachment of the King of Navarre, and of the Constable; but she was not ignorant of the increasing coldness of the Guises, and delayed with all her artifice the moment of offending them. She wished, on one hand, to manage the Hugonots, protected by the Admiral and the Prince of Conde; and on the other, the Catholicks, united under the Duke of Guise and the Cardinal of Lorraine. These two factions, were like two powerful dikes, under the shelter of which she enjoyed a calm. By weakening the Catholicks, she was afraid of putting the Hugonots in a condition to give her the law. Sometimes by temporizing, therefore, and sometimes by granting other favors to the King of Navarre, she endeavored to divert him from this pretension. But the more she endeavored to make him lose sight of this object, the more the Prince pursued it with warmth.
Finally, the Queen, that she might not destroy the harmony she had taken so much pains to establish, commanded the captains of the guards, no longer to carry the keys of the palace to the grand master of the King's house-hold, but to the lieutenant-general of the kingdom, to whom this prerogative belonged of right. This proceeding irritated the Duke of Guise, but infinitely more the Cardinal of Lorraine, his brother, less because they considered it as an affront, from which the regulation of the council of regency would have screened them, than because they saw clearly, that with the consent of the Queen, the King of Navarre aspired to distress and destroy them. They knew very well that they were accused of listening to nothing but their interest and ambition, and seeing themselves no longer able to prevail in this private quarrel with the Princes of the blood, who disposed of all the forces, as well as of the royal authority, they dissembled their resentments, and complained of nothing but the liberty of conscience, which had been tacitly granted to the Hugonots, covering thus with the specious veil, and the pretext of religion, their passions and personal interests. Thus the discords of the great confounded themselves insensibly with the differences of religion, and the factions of the Princes, quitting the name of malcontents and Guisards, to assume the more imposing titles of Catholics and Hugonots, they exerted themselves with the greater fury, as they disguised it under the names of zeal and of piety.
(To be continued.)
THE UN-NATURAL SON.
PHILIP THICKNESSE, Esq. late Governor of Landguard Fort, and author of the celebrated travels through France and Spain, and other sentimental works of merit, has the misfortune to have a natural son (in other respects very un-natural) who affects to slight and be ashamed of his father. This son, who, in the maternal right, has assumed the name and title of GEORGE TOUCHET, Baron Audley, and enjoys a very considerable estate in England, has, upon all occasions, manifested the greatest contempt of his father, and frequently passes him in the street, mounted in his carriage, without paying the least compliment or attention to the old gentleman on foot. The last time Mr. Thicknesse returned from Spain, being, as usual, quite out of cash, and in great necessity, he applied to the son for relief, which was peremptorily and brutishly refused. In this emergency he instantly hired a little stall in one
of the most public streets of London, and put up a sign over the door with a boot and shoe painted thereon, and the following words in large gilt letters: BOOTS AND SHOES MENDED HERE BY PHILIP THICKNESSE, FATHER TO LORD AUDLEY. It had not hung there twelve hours before a billet was sent, inclosing a bank note for a hundred guineas, requesting, that in consideration thereof, the sign might be instantly taken down and burnt. A sense of shame will operate upon the feelings of a bad man when he is become entirely callous to those of nature.
From WEBSTER'S DISSERTATIONS on the ENGLISH LANGUAGE.
Of MODERN CORRUPTIONS in the ENGLISH PRONUNCIATION.
(CONTINUED.)
THIS however is but a small part of the inconsistency. In two other particulars the absurdity is still more glaring.
1. The modern refiners of our language distinguish two sounds of u long; that of yu and oo ; and use both without any regard to Latin or Saxon derivation. The distinction they make is founded on a certain principle; and yet I question whether one of a thousand of them ever attended to it. After most of the consonants, they give u the diphthongal sound of eu ; as in blue, cube, due, mute ; but after r they almost invariably pronounce it oo ; as rule, truth, rue, rude, fruit . Why this distinction? If they contend for the Saxon sound of u , why do they not prefer that found in true, rue, truth , which are of Saxon original; and uniformly give u its Roman sound, which is acknowledged on all hands to have been oo , in all words of Latin original, as rule, mute, cube ? The fact is, they mistake the principle on which the distinction is made; and which is merely accidental, or arises from the case of speaking.
In order to frame many of the consonants, the organs are placed in such a position, that in passing from it to the aperture necessary to articulate the following vowel or diphthong, we insensibly fall into the sound of ee . This in particular is the case with those consonants which are formed near the seat of e ; viz. h and g . The closing of the organs forms these mutes; and a very small opening forms the vowel e . In passing from that close compression occasioned by h and g , to the aperture necessary to form any vowel, the organs are necessarily placed in a situation to pronounce ee . From this single circumstance, have originated the most barbarous dialects or singularities in speaking English, which offend the ear, either in Great-Britain or America.
This is the origin of the New-England keow, keoward ; and of the English keude, ackuse, heind and geude .
There is just the same propriety in one practice as the other, and both are equally harmonious.
For similar reasons, the labials, m and p , are followed by e : In New-England, we hear it in meow, pewer , and in Great-Britain, in meute, peure . With this difference however, that in New-England, this pronunciation is generally confined to the more illiterate part of the people, and in Great-Britain it prevails among those of the first rank. But after r we never hear the sound of e : It has been before observed, that the most awkward countryman in New-England pronounces round, ground, brown , as correctly as men of the first education; and our fashionable speakers pronounce u after r like oo . The reason is the same in both cases: In pronouncing r the mouth is necessarily opened (or rather the glottis) to a position for articulating a broad full sound. So that the vulgar singularities in this respect, and the polite refinements of speaking, both proceed from the same cause; both proceed from an accidental or careless narrow way of articulating certain combinations of letters; both are corruptions of pure English; equally disagreeable and indefensible. Both may be easily corrected by taking more pains to open the teeth, and form full bold sounds.
2. But another inconsistency in the modern practice, is the introducing an e * before the second sound of u as in tun ; or rather changing the preceding consonant; for in nature, rapture , and hundreds of other words, t is changed into tsh ; and yet no person pretends that u , in these words, has a diphthongal sound. On the other hand, Sheridan and his copier Scott, have in these and similar words marked u for its short found, which is universally acknowledged to be simple. I believe no person ever pretended, that this sound of u contains the sound of e or y ; why then should we be directed to pronounce nature, natyer ? Or what is equally absurd, natshur ? On what principle is the t changed into a compound consonant? If there is any thing in this sound of u to warrant this change, does it not extend to all words where this sound occurs? Why do not our standard writers direct us to say tshun for tun , and tshumble for tumble ? I can conceive no reason which will warrant the pronunciation in one case, that will not apply with equal force in the other. And I challenge the advocates of the practice, to produce a reason for pronouncing natshur, raptshur, captshur which will not extend to authorize, not only tshun, tshurn , for tun, turn , but also fatshalt for fatal , and immortshat for immortal . Nay, the latter pronunciation is actually heard among some very respectable imitators of fashion; and is frequent among the illiterate, in those states where the tshu's are more fashionable. How can it be otherwise? People are led by imitation; and when those in high life embrace a singularity, the multitude, who are unacquainted with its principles or extent, will attempt to imitate the novelty, and probably carry it much farther than was ever intended.
When a man of little education hears a respectable gentleman change t into tsh in nature , he will naturally be led to change the same letter, not only in that word, but wherever it occurs. This is already done in a multitude of instances, and the practice if continued and extended, might eventually change t , in all cases, into tsh . (To be continued.)
* Lowth condemns such a phrase as, "the introducing an e " and says it should be, "the introducing of an e ." This is but one instance of a great number, in which he has rejected good English. In this situation, introducing is a participial noun; it may take an article before it, like any other noun, and yet govern an objective, like any transitive verb. This is the idiom of the language: but in most cases, the writer may use or omit of , at pleasure.
+ I must except that reason, which is always an invincible argument with weak people, viz. "It is the practice of some great men." This common argument, which is unanswerable, will also prove the propriety of imitating all the polite and detestable vices of the great, which are now unknown to the little vulgar of this country.

THE POWER OF BEAUTY.
They cry'd, no wonder such celestial charms, For nine long years have set the world in arms; What winning graces! what majestic mien! She moves a goddess, and she looks a queen.
POPE'S HOMER.
MADAM Dacier, who was perhaps the most learned and sensible woman that France ever produced, has observed, that the above stands upon record, the greatest compliment ever paid to beauty; and that so long as Homer shall be read, it will remain a distinguished monument of the gallantry of heathenish times and grey hairs. Madam Dacier is perfectly right, if every thing he duly considered; for Priam , who was the king of Troy, was, at the time I am speaking of, a very old man, had most of his sons killed in that ever memorable siege, and repeatedly ran the risk of losing his own life, and all the Trojan chiefs and counsellors likewise, who were equally old with himself, had, like him, lost many of their sons and relations in the war; and like him too suffered under all the dangers and distresses of a nine years siege, were, after all, the very men to pay the above great compliment to Helen ; who was an alien, had been the sole cause of the war, and without any other stipulation than that of giving her up, would have put an end at once to the war and all its calamities. Rather, however, than agree to such a condition, and part forever with so much beauty, these gallant old men determined, feeble as they were, and harassed as they had been not to give her up, though that might be, as in the end it actually proved to be, the destruction of Troy and of themselves! how justly then may we say here, what Dryden has so happily applied elsewhere. None but the brave deserve the fair.
Phrynne , the Venus-formed, judge-bewitching Phrynne , is another, and if possible, stronger instance of the all-powerful influence of beauty; and proves a position as curious as it is important, that what is spoken to the ear, however eloquent, is not near so effectually beautiful, as what is shewn to the eye. This lady was remarkable for having a face exquisitely beautiful, and a person of the most exact and perfect symmetry, insomuch, that all the statues of Venus were then made after her much admired, but, universally allowed, matchless model. In consequence, however, of repeated riots having been raised, and some lives lost, at her apartments, an action was brought against her by order of the court of Athens, and the great Demosthenes that thunderbolt of eloquence, retained against her. Hyperides , who was the second orator of his time, and Phrynne's particular favourite, immediately on hearing of the prosecution, undertook, with a generosity as prompt as it was noble, to plead her cause, unfeigned, and even unsolicited: And when the trial came on, he endeavored, by every argument that such transcendent beauty could inspire, to bring his fair client off. Finding, however, at length, that notwithstanding all he could say, Demosthenes , by an impassioned impetuosity of declamatory eloquence, alike irresistible with the world-overwhelming torrent at the general deluge, bore down all before him, and that the court, in consequence thereof, and of the facts being fully proved, was just going to give judgment against her; Hyperides , effectually to soften the judges without saying one word more, turned round to his fair friend, and uncovering her neck, displayed, at once, one of the finest bosoms that eyes ever beheld! Struck with such amazing such bewitching beauty, the hoary and hitherto inflexible judges, who had determined but the moment before, to act up* to the sanguinary spirit of their laws, shew themselves the rigid dispensers of severe justice, and agreeable thereto, pass upon her the last dreadful sentence, found, in an instant, all their firmest resolves shook to the ground. Won over by such irresistible and all conquering charms, they as with one voice, rose, declaring, that the ruffian hands of no executioner should ever touch, much less destroy such inimitable, such ineffable beauty and loveliness, immediately acquitted her, amidst the air-rending acclamations of the surrounding multitude, frantic for the moment, with repeated bursts of the most immoderate joy.
So love was crowned, but beauty (not Music) won the cause.
* The laws of Athens were so shockingly sanguinary as to draw this severe farcasm from one person, that they were written more with blood than with ink; another person, alluding to the tramer of many of them, whose names is Draco , and which is the Latin for a dragon, observed that they were the laws rather of a dragon than of a man; and a third, understanding they punished with death every crime, even the smallest, declared, that they were fitter for the regions of Pandemonium, than a country inhabited by human beings.
(From a London Magazine.)
REMARKS ON FAMILY GOVERNMENT.
THAT great Philosopher, The Marquis of Becaria , has said, with great truth, that good government is begun in the cradle; that it is in vain to make laws to punish vice, unless the rising generation, is trained up in the love of virtue. The great defect in family government, general-
ly arises from a want of harmony between the governors. Where the father and mother do not exhibit before their children a respect and esteem for each other, their precepts will be vain, and their reproofs ineffectual. If their children observe that they do not reverence and respect each other, they will hold the parental advice in contempt. If, therefore, parents disapprove of each other's conduct, in any instance, they never ought to mention it before their children, or in the hearing of their servants. I have heard it said by a very serious man, that he had rather do that which could not be approved of, three times before others, than once before his children.
The family uneasiness which injures the education of children, might be avoided by a little prudence and caution. It is much to be wondered at, that parents do not use more prudence in this respect, for the promotion of their own comfort and happiness, if they do not feel a necessity for it, on the principles of good family government. There certainly is no mode of life, in which happiness can be so well insured, as in the nuptial state.
My friend PHILANTHROPOS , lived long in a single state: He was no enemy to matrimony: He met, while young, a series of misfortunes, which gave him a proper sense of himself—of the world—and the enjoyments of life: He knew how to place a proper estimate upon every thing—but thought his circumstances would not admit of the expence of a family: His heart was open and generous: He never turned aside from distress—and when he had nothing else to bestow, he gave a tear: He was assiduous in business—honest in his dealings—and constant in his studies. Then why should not the world esteem him?
PHILANTHROPOS had lived beyond the age of forty, when he became acquainted with SERIMA , who had lived but a few years short of the age of my friend. She had seen uncommon afflictions in her day: Friends, false or unskilful had misled her path of life, and her heart had been wounded by the arrows which were thrown for her defence. These trials naturally tended to soften a heart too perceptible of woe, and to turn her attention from the most exact and beautiful form of features, to the cultivation of her mind. Upon a short acquaintance, their hearts, taught by adversity, and elevated by pure sentiment, beat in unison, and became united before they were aware of their situation: They were soon married.
It is a great mistake in those who suppose that the pleasures of the married state depend upon youth. Many years after PHILANTHROPOS and SERIMA were married, he rested under the shade of his cherry-tree, and wrote the following Sonnet , which shews his affection and happiness.
SONNET.
THE ROSE LATELY DISCOVERED.
"AS Damon strolld along the mead, He spy'd a charming flower; The summer's green was in its fade, And gone the vernal shower. "Sweet child of nature, lovely rose, Exclaim'd the ravisht swain; Blest be the turf on which it grows, How blest its native plain! "Why did I not in prime of May, Observe with friendly eye, Thy charms unfolding to the day, Thy rising beauties spy? "Close by thy side this faithful arm, Had watch'd thy youthful bloom; No scorching heat or beating storm, Had on thy beauties come. "But now alas! the weary sun, His blazing car has driv'n; 'Till half his yearly toil is done, And now descends the Heavens. "Yet still thy fragrance fills the vale, It reigns unrivall'd there; From thee, the winds their health exhale, From thee their sweetness bear. "No cloud malignant on thy head, Its noisome drops shall spill; Or noxious vapours on thee shed Their damps, thy bloom to chill. "As summer's heat forsakes the year, And winter's frost comes on; Thy fate I'll watch with anxious care, And live for thee alone."
The example and precepts of Philanthropos and Serima , ingraft prudence and discretion on every action of their children, and domestics: As their offspring rise into life, they are admired and beloved by their neighbors; and from thence arises inexpressible happiness to their parents.
AMINTOR. (From the Independent Chronicle.)
DOMINICA, September 10.
Last Sunday arrived here, a small vessel from Martinique, with upwards of fifty refugees on board, some of whom are said to be of the most respectable characters and connections in that island. Their flight has been occasioned by another change in the order of things there. This is said to be the fifth revolution in the government of that island in the course of a few months.
The Governor Mons. Damas , was confined to the limits of Fort-Royal when the vessel came
away; and it is since reported, that he has escaped to Grenada, from whence he is preparing for his immediate departure for France; as is also a government brig now in this harbor. All the government vessels in that island were ordered to depart immediately, on the inhabitants getting possession of the forts. This new change has fortunately been effected without that scene of bloodshed and massacre which that island has so often experienced since the commencement of the French revolution.
NEW BERN, Oct. 21.
Letters from Guadalupe mention, that intelligence had been received from Martinique which mentioned the soldiers having joined the inhabitants; that they had taken possession of Fort-Royal; that the general had absconded; that 400 men were in pursuit of him; and that the present disturbances there exceeded any thing they had experienced before.
NEW-YORK, November 9.
Extract of a letter from a capital planter in South-Carolina, to a gentleman in New-York.
We planted 62 acres: The season in which a part of it was planted, proved unfavorable, whereby we lost about 27 by the grass, which completely destroyed it; the remaining 35 were very good. We prepared for market by the 20th of Jan. 12000 wt. and there was as much remaining, to be prepared to make the whole quantity about 32000 wt. such at least was the opinion of our manager—and he has hitherto been within the mark in all his accounts of our crops. From this state you will see how vastly valuable the article of hemp may be made to this country—for after it is sown, you lock up your field until it is time to pull it, and if sown early, it does not interfere with your crop at all. We, as you may suppose, intend to continue it."
When the late Mr. Holt (printer) first set up a newspaper in this city, one of his earliest subscribers happened to be a person from the vicinity of Albany, who was rich, but well known to be of a narrow penurious disposition. At the end of the first year the printer sent him the account of the yearly subscription, requesting that it might be discharged by the first opportunity. No answer however came; and things ran on in the same manner for the term of eighteen years, at the conclusion of which time, Mr. Holt , as may be well supposed, being out of all patience with his customer, had the whole amount made out and sent to him, adding at the foot thereof, that if it was not paid, he would discontinue sending any more newspapers. The subscriber having read over the account when presented, exclaimed with a disdainful sneer, What an ungrateful man have I to do with! I was one of the very first that encouraged his paper by subscribing, and this is the return he makes me!
BENNINGTON, (Vermont) Oct. 25.
His Excellency Governor ROBINSON's speech on quitting the supreme magistracy.
Gentlemen of the Council and House of Representatives,
AT the last annual election of the officers of this government, there was no choice made by the freemen of the Supreme Magistrate of the State; it was therefore the duty of the Council and House of Representatives, by their joint ballot, to elect some person to that office; it was the pleasure of the two houses to honor me with the appointment, of which I cheerfully accepted, and am conscious to myself that I have faithfully discharged my duty in the execution of that trust.
It appears from the present election, that the freemen have given their suffrages in favor of his Excellency Governor CHITTENDEN, I heartily acquiesce in the choice, and shall, with the greatest satisfaction, retire to private life, where I expect to enjoy that peace which naturally results from a consciousness of having done my duty.
The freemen have an undoubted right, when they see it for the benefit of the community, to call forth their citizens from behind the curtain of private life, and make them their rulers, and for the same reason to dismiss them at pleasure and elect others in their place, this privilege is essential to all free, and to republican governments. As a citizen I trust I shall ever feel for the interest of the State: the confidence the freemen have repeatedly placed in me ever since the first formation of government, lays me under additional obligation to promote their true interest.
Fellow-citizens of the legislature I wish you the benediction of heaven in the prosecution of the important business of the present session; that all your consultations may terminate for the glory of God and the interest of the citizens of this State, and that both those in public and private life may so conduct, in the several spheres in which God in his providence shall call them to act, as that, when death shall close the scene of life, we may each of us have the satisfaction of a good conscience and meet the approbation of our JUDGE.
Answer of the House of Representatives to Governor ROBINSON's speech.
ALTHOUGH the suffrages of the freemen of Vermont have replaced his Excellency Governor CHITTENDEN in the chair of government, for the year ensuing, yet their representatives in general assembly are happy in having an opportunity of expressing their entire satisfaction with your late administration; and beg you to accept their warmest thanks for the services you have rendered them.
In republics like ours, every citizen has an equal right to be elected into the first office of government: Upon this principle, we flatter ourselves you will feel no regret in retiring from office, and mixing with your fellow citizens, till they shall again call you up to public view.
In your retirement, we wish you the full enjoyment of all the happiness and tranquility which result from domestic life, and a consciousness of having discharged every duty both as a private citizen and a chief magistrate with faithfulness and integrity.
I have the honor to be with great respect, your excellency's most obedient humble servant, (by order of house)
GIDEON OLIN, Speaker.

Philadelphia, Nov. 13.
The following RESOLUTION has passed the House of Representatives of the State of Virginia, now in session. RESOLVED, That so much of the act, entitled an act, making provision for the debt of the United States, as limits the right of the United States in their redemption of the public debt, is dangerous to the rights, and subversive of the interest of the people, and demands the marked disapprobation of the General Assembly.
A letter from Hispaniola mentions, "There are arrived here, from the Ohio country, by the way of the Mississippi, near one thousand barrels of flour, made in that country. What avenues of commerce, will you, Americans, not explore!"
On Monday, the 18 Nov. the District Court of the United States for Rhode-Island District, was opened in Providence, before the Hon. Judge Marchant; there being no business, the Court was adjourned sine die.
The Hon. Theodore Foster is re-elected a Senator of the United States, by the Legislature of Rhode-Island.
Jonathan J. Hazard and John S. Dexter, Esq's. are appointed Commissioners by the Legislature of Rhode-Island, to settle the accounts of that State with the United States.
Tuesday last arrived in town from Bolton, SAMUEL ALLYNE OTIS, Esq. Secretary of the Senate of the United States.
Yesterday afternoon the VICE PRESIDENT of the United States arrived in this city, from New York. Also, the Hon. WILLIAM SMITH, member of the House of Representatives of the United States, from South Carolina.
The establishment of the federal government compleated the revolution of America:—Before this event, it was problematical whether our emancipation from the sovereignty of Britain, would prove a curse or a blessing; but now we behold the accomplishment of the wishes of all good men, the enlightened patriots and sages of the world, in the erection of a popular and energetic government on the basis of liberty.
Had our dear bought freedom been left to the feeble protection of that rope of sand the old confederation, or depended on the State governments, whose rivalries jealousies and sovereignities would have proved a perpetual source of animosity, and probably ended in civil wars and a dissolution of the union; liberty would have hovered over the separate States for a time, but like Noah's dove, finding no rest for the sole of her foot, she would finally have deserted the States forever.
As there is no civil happiness, or security for person or property, without government, so there is no other safeguard for liberty, but in the protection of just and equal laws:
An idea however had taken place in the minds of many of the citizens of the United States previous to the adoption of the new government, and is still retained by some persons, that because a sense of common danger, and the force of good habits, contracted by a long submission to rule and order, before the revolution, had had the effect of laws in an extraordinary manner during the war—that therefore the good sense and enlightened understanding of the citizens of America, would forever preclude the necessity of a firm and energetic government:
Experience however, soon taught us the contrary; and that, "like causes, will invariably produce like effects"—perhaps in no future exigencies of this country, will its rights and privileges be in greater jeopardy, than they were just before the adoption of the new constitution.
Notwithstanding all that has been said of the superior light and information which the inhabitants of the United States possess, it is a fact, that so far as we have been placed in circumstances similar to those of other nations, the predominant passions of human nature have had, in a degree, a similar operation. It is undoubtedly true, that we really enjoy greater advantages than any of the nations of the world which have preceded us: we have, it is equally true, improved these advantages to the best purposes; but in no instance, equal to that of establishing a general government over the Union. This government is predicated on the principle of the immortal existence of the human passions. To refine, check and regulate these passions, ought to be the scope, design and ultimate end of all human laws, as it certainly is of the divine.
Every government is liable to internal shocks and commotions—free governments more so perhaps than others; this by no means shews the inutility of government, any more than the pernicious quality of light can be argued from its being offensive to weak eyes—but it fully evinces one important truth, which is, that government, in order to being fully competent to every exigence of the public, should possess powers paramount to the influence of every individual, or particular body of men, who may conceive their interest is connected with subverting the social compact, or throwing the community into confusion.
The United States, so long as they may thus be denominated with propriety (and we trust their union will be co-eval with time) have the most pleasing prospects before them; every event which unfolds itself on the great theatre of the old world, however unpropitious to the nations immediately concerned, is interesting, and affords some useful lesson to the people of America—places the revolution of this country in a
more important light, and our truly eligible circumstances in a more conspicuous situation.
The recent transactions in France may serve to shew the importance of that political information which is so generally diffused in the United States—this led us to collect as to a center the wisdom of America, which produced a constitution at once, that is the admiration of the world. In France they have yet much to do after near two years deliberation—prejudices to be amused, obviated, and by degrees, to destroy—and light and information to diffuse among the great body of the people; they appear to get their constitution by paragraphs and sections, and when completed, it is a moot point whether the people will be pleased with it or not.
In the United States, a greater proportion of the governed—from judgment and sentiment are attached to the new constitution, than perhaps ever approved of the existing government in any country whatever. This is not attended to by some persons, who when they get a small circle to encore their ant federal sentiments, conceive they have the whole world about them.
The ancient Romans were a warlike people—and without doubt derived much of that eclat which historians have so liberally bestowed upon their character, from a series of brilliant incidents which accumulated through a long period of warlike enterprizes—those incidents taken individually in connection with the lapse of time in which they occurred, would make but a solitary appearance in the history of a modern nation.—The Romans derived their power and wealth from their conquests; war was their delight—and plunder the replenisher of their treasury. How much the reverse of this is the true policy of the United States! It is to cultivate peace among themselves, and with all the world. Peace, virtue, freedom and government will accelerate our progress in arts, manufactures and commerce, in a ratio which eludes all calculation or comparison; these will furnish the most solid materials of national happiness, and will carry the American States to higher degrees of honor, power and respectability, and with greater rapidity too, than the sword ever carried the Roman Empire.
Peace o'er the States, thy sacred influence shed, May thy blest power strike ev'ry faction dead; Here fix thy seat—make every heart thy throne! For happiness, O peace, is all thy own.
It appears by some recent strictures in the papers, that certain colleges of the United States, have grievously offended by presuming to confer honorary degrees on foreigners of distinction in the literary world, particularly on some of our illustrious allies; Presidents and principals of colleges and universities in the United States, be on your guard—let your D. D's. and your L. L. D's. remain dormant, or the lash of satire will fall upon you—for while you may only intend to distinguish by such literary additions the friends of humanity, and the patrons and exemplars of science, and thus reflect honor on your own judgment, an aristocracy may spring up, to monopolize all the benefits and blessings of learning.—Alas! alas! what will this world come to—when under the mask of literary honors, that imp aristocracy is creeping in upon us? science retire to thy cloistered residence! and presume no more to obtrude thyself upon the notice and respect of the world; for thy honors and rewards will eventually overturn the liberties of mankind!
All the variety of soil and climate which is found on the face of the globe is comprised in the territories of the United States; nature has done every thing on her part to render the United States more fully competent to supporting an independent empire, than any other country whatever; we enjoy among ourselves every resource of revenue, convenience, pleasure and profit; our country is filled with men whose habits, manners and constitutions are adapted to the particular regions they inhabit—our wants are mutual—and our language being the same, an intercourse is thereby facilitated, extensive beyond example, and advantageous to the highest degree; an intercourse that is daily encreasing, and adding strength to the bond of union which connects every part of the Empire—and notwithstanding the power of prejudice, and the weakness or wickedness of the partisans of discord, this important truth is daily made more apparent, that the interests of the several States are compatible and inseparable.
   PRICE CURRENT.—PUBLIC SECURITIES.   FUNDED DEBT.     6 pr. Cents 14 3/4 pr. £. or 70 pr. cent.   3 pr. Cents 7 3/8 do. or 36 1/2 do.   Deferred 6 pr. Cents 5 9/16 do. 30 do.   UNFUNDED DEBT.   Final Sett. and other Certificates 12 1/2 do. 61 1/4 do.   Indents 7 3/8 do. 36 1/2 do.   State debts 8 3/4 do. 41 1/4 do.  
   LATEST ARRIVALS AT THIS PORT.     Brig Katy Hall, Charleston.   Schooner Hawk Holland, Newbury-Port.   Alice Greenman, Providence.   Sloop Nancy Gardner, N. Carolina.   Nancy Thompson, New-York.   Lively Hale, Rhode-Island.   Pocahontas Curles, Maryland.  
Postscript.
BY THE MAIL ARRIVED YESTERDAY.
PORTSMOUTH, [New-Hamp.] Oct. 30.
THURSDAY last arrived in this port, the ship CHARLOTTE, Capt. MENDUM, in 36 days from Biddeford. By the Charlotte, we have received papers to the fourteenth of September, from which we have selected the following:
CONSTANTINOPLE, July 8.
The ratification of the treaty concluded between our court and Prussia being not yet arrived, several murmurs are prevalent; and notwithstanding the assurances of M. de Cnobbledyff of the favorable intentions of his master, the Kadilefquier of Romelia, who signed the treaty, has been deposed, and the governor of Natolia appointed his successor.
Frequent councils are held, composed of the great officers of state; and the party who favor a general peace grow stronger and stronger.
The Plague rather increases in this city and neighbourhood, but is entirely ceased at Smyrna.
MADRID, (SPAIN) August 20.
Our letters from Tangiers mention with horror the cruelties exercised by the new Emperor of Morocco upon his subjects.
BERLIN, Aug. 31.
We can scarcely credit the report of preliminaries of peace having been signed between Sweden and Russia. If they have, it is certainly without the knowledge of our court. It is no longer than last week our Minister Count Blumenthal drew for a million of dollars on our Treasury, which was paid into one of the principal banking-houses here, with orders to remit the sum as soon as possible to Sweden.
LONDON, Sept. 11.
The letters received yesterday from persons of the best information and authority in Paris give us the strongest reason to believe that a civil insurrection is at no great distance. The executive government has lost its energy—the legislative power is ineffectual, from the party disputes that prevail among the members of it—and the rabble seem only to watch a favorable moment, to attempt the lives of several of the most distinguished public characters.
Some letters indeed were received yesterday, dated after the dispatch of the mail, which assert that a riot had begun, and that the National guards had been repulsed, but we have not learnt the particulars of the affair, in such a manner as to be able to report them correctly. But the fermentation was general.
The cry of the mob is, "cut off the heads of the Ministers in general." It is expected that they will all resign.
The public mind is much divided on the grand plan of paying off the debt with paper money. This floating stock amounts to 2 milliards, or 90 millions sterling.
It is extremely probable that M. Neckar is no longer Minister of Finances in France. In their deranged state, it will be an arduous task to reduce them to order. We doubt not there will be many candidates for the office, but to find one of experience and abilities fit to succeed M. Neckar, is, perhaps beyond the reach of the anticipatory wisdom of the National Assembly.
The press still continues with unabated activity: two additional tenders have been employed in that service on the River Thames, since Tuesday last.
Sept. 14. A Placart, or Royal proclamation, has been issued by the Minister of the home department in Spain, bearing date at Buen Reriro, Monday the 9th of August, which forbids under pain of forfeiting double value, the exportation of wheat, barley, flour of wheat, barley flour, or meal of barley, before the first day of December next, when his Majesty and Council will be ready to prescribe the terms on which any exports of those articles will be permitted for the remainder of the year.
The Government of Madras has taken the country of the Carnatic again into their own hands; by this, they have resumed the immediate collection of the revenues of the country, which for some years past have been invested in the hands of the Nabob of Arcot.
The torch of discord again threatens the southern provinces of France. At a federation of the National Guards of Languedoc at Jalles, the Deputies of the Vivarais proposed to march, against the Protestants of Nismes, to revenge the cause of their catholic brethren, and at the same time to take possession of Avignon, where there are 80 pieces of cannon, and a fortified place. It is supposed that the emissaries of the aristocratic party are endeavoring to avail themselves of the fanaticism of the inhabitants of the South of France; and it is feared that in a month or two Nismes may be the victim of their manœuvres.
The Northern powers, including Russia, Sweden and Denmark, it is said, formed an alliance—which, with respect to England, Spain, and France, is to be considered as a revivication of the armed neutrality.
The intention of this measure is to preserve an un molested commerce for their naval stores to the Southern States of Europe: and prevent America deriving any benefit from this source.
A Counter Revolution in France is daily looked for by the Aristocratic party, who now begin to demonstrate their confidence, by levelling the most marked contempt and derision against the National Assembly. Our advices further add that the Prince de Conde has at this time not less than 20,000 men in daily pay, whom he can muster in the course of twelve hours.
The Lieutenant Sandel, who commanded the Swedish fire-ship, which occasioned the loss in the Swedish fleet, in the action of the 3d of July, has been tried by a council of war, and condemned to die.
A similar sentence has been likewise pronounced against general de Kaullars, accused of having failed in his duty last year, in retreating precipitately from the enemy; and against Vice-Admiral Liljehorn, detained on account of negligence or disobedience in the naval engagement of last summer; but the King has not confirmed these two sentences; he has been content to dismiss them from the service, reserving to them their pay, however, which it is thought the first will not accept.
We are taught to believe, that the next messenger from the court of Madrid will determine the important question of peace or war; and on that depends in a great measure the precise time of assembling the new parliament.
The affair of Nancy is now known to have proceeded from the many seditious writings, and other means set on foot by the malcontents of the revolution. More than 400 lives were lost in it.
A revolution in France seems to be an event almost inevitable. The minds of the people are again in a state of fermentation, and ripe for any desperate enterprize. That things will revert into the old channel, is impossible; that they should remain as they are, is impossible. Let us hope that from these convulsions a form of government may arise, mild, firm, effective, and permanent.
PLYMOUTH, September 12.
On Monday evening last arrived at Plymouth Sound, Le Experience, French King's brig of 12 guns, Capt. Vannau, from Cherbourg, on a cruise of eleven days, having on board a very large party of young French Noblemen, on a Nautical tour, who were not permitted to anchor, but ordered to sea again.
PORTSMOUTH, October 30.
By letters from London, of September 19, received in this town, we are informed, that the British FLEET had arrived into port—but the impressing of seamen still continued, and every warlike preparation was going on with unabated activity, at that time.

NEW-YORK, November 9.
A meeting is proposed, says a late Virginia paper, at the Eagle-Tavern, in the city of Rich- per, on the first day of January next, to be composed only of persons who are, or may here- after be engaged or interested in any suits insti- tuted by British creditors, or their agents, in the federal courts against citizens of that state.—As the sole object of this proposition is to provide for a fair and legal investigation of the several claims that may be exhibited, in order to an equi- table issue, it is warmly recommended as essen- tial to the welfare of a COMMON CAUSE, that those who cannot attend personally, may do so by deputation.
BOSTON, Oct. 28. DUTCH QUILLS.
A correspondent observes, with much satisfaction, the encrease of American manufactures: He finds that the clarifying Quills, [commonly called Dutch Quills, when to clarified] is now carried on in this metropolis; and if it was encouraged by the general use of them in our schools and counting-houses, it would prevent send- ing considerable sums of money to foreign parts for that article.
Your correspondent would further remark, that he finds, by repeated trials, that the quills manufactured here, are as well clear- ed from oleaginous substance, contained in them when new from the wing, as those from Europe.
He would just hint to the manufacturer, that his quills would appear to greater advantage, if he would sort them before he puts them in bundles; and that he would clarify only three quills in a wing, viz. the second, third and fourth; for all besides are not fit for use.
MASSACHUSETTS STATE LOTTERY.
THE Managers of the STATE LOTTERY, present the Public with the First Class of the Massachusetts Semi-annual State Lot- tery, which will commence drawing in the Representatives' Chamber, in Boston, on the Seventeenth of March next, or sooner, if the Tickets shall be disposed of.
SCHEME.
NOT TWO BLANKS TO A PRIZE.
25,000 Tickets, at Five Dollars each, are 25,000 Dollars, to be paid in the following Prizes, subject to a deduction of twelve and an half per cent. for the use of the Com- monwealth.
   Prizes. Dollars. is Dollars.    1 of 10000 are 6000  2 3000 6000  3 2000 6000  6 1000 6000  10 500 5000  30 200 6000  80 100 8000  90 50 4500  100 40 4000  120 30 3600  161 20 3220  200 10 2000  7585 8 60680  8988 Prizes. 123000  16612 Blanks.  
25000. TICKETS may be had of the several Managers, who will pay the Prizes on demand—of the TREASURER of the Common- wealth—of JAMES WHITE, at his Book-Store, Franklin's-Head, Court-Street, and at other places as usual. BENJAMIN AUSTIN, jun. } DAVID COBB, } SAMUEL COOPER, } Managers. GEORGE R. MINOT, } JOHN KNEELAND, } Boston, July 28, 1790.
PURSUANT to a Resolve or act of Congress of the 10th day of May, 1780, relative to the destruction of Loan-Office Cer- tificates by accident; notice is hereby given to all whom it may concern, that on the 2d day of January 1780, the house occupied by the subscriber in Market-Street, Philadelphia, took fire and was consumed, in which was lodged a number of Loan-Office certificates as pr. list below, all which were destroyed by the said fire: Therefore if any person, hath any objection why the said Certificates should not be renewed, agreeable to the resolves of Congress, they must make them before the expiration of three months, from the date hereof.
Invoice of Loan-Office Certificates destroyed in the house of John Holker on the 2d day of January 1780.
   1778. No. Dols.    March 13. 1636 1 Samuel Cooke, jun. New-York, 600  1673 1 ditto. do. 600  Dollars, 1200.  
In testimony whereof I have signed the present for pub- lication. New-York, July 26th, 1790. HOLKER.
TREASURY DEPARTMENT,
October 14, 1790.
NOTICE is hereby given, That Proposals will be received at the Office of the Secretary of the Treasury, to the 30th day of November next, inclusive, for the supply of all Rations which may be required for the use of the United States, from the first day of January to the thirty-first day of December 1791, both days in- clusive, at Springfield, in the State of Massachusetts, and the Post of West-Point, in the State of New-York.
The Rations to be supplied, are to consist of the following Arti- cles, viz. One pound of Bread or Flour, One pound of Beef, or 3/4 of a pound of Pork, Half a pint of Rum, Brandy, or Whisky, One quart of Salt, Two quarts of Vinegar, Two pounds of Soap, } pr. 100 rations. One pound of Candles, } Separate Proposals may be made for each place, specifying the lowest price pr. ration.—No credit is required.
Improvements and Additions to Mr. BOWEN'S Exhibition of Wax-Work,
Viz. HIS Excellency Benjamin Franklin, Esq.—A Philadelphia Beauty.—Peace, (an elegant figure) with her Olive Branch. Plenty, with wreaths of Flowers, basket of Fruit, &c. TICKETS, at one quarter dollar, may be had at Mr. JAMES BRYSON'S, No. 4, Third, below Market Street; where the exhibition is open from 10 o'clock in the Morning, until 9 every Evening. N. B. MINIATURE and PORTRAIT PAINTING done at the same place, on reasonable terms. Philadelphia, Oct. 30, 1790.
LABOUR.
Palma negata macrum, donata reducit opimum.—HOR. To sink in shame, or swell with pride, As the gay palm is granted or deny'd.—FRANCIS.
THE wit is condemned to pass his hours—those hours which return no more, in attempting that which he cannot affect, or in collecting materials which he af- terwards discovers to be unfit for use; but the mechan- ic and the husbandman know that the work which they perform will always bear the same proportion to the time in which they are employed, and the diligence which they exert.
Neither is reward of intellectual equally certain with that of corporal labor: The artificer, for the man- ufacture which he finishes in a day, receives a certain sum; but the wit frequently gains no advantage from a performance at which he has toiled many months, either because the town is not disposed to judge of his merit, or because he has not suited the popular taste.
It has been often observed, that not the value of a man's income, but the proportion which it bears to his expences, justly denominates him rich or poor; and that it is not so much the manner in which he lives, as the habit of life he has contracted, which renders him happy or wretched. For this reason, the labor of the mind even when it is adequately rewarded, does not procure means of happiness in the same proportion as that of the body: They that sing at the loom, or whistle after the plough, wish not for intellectual entertain- ment! If they have plenty of wholesome food, they do not repine at the inelegance of their table, nor are they less happy because they are not treated with ceremon- ious respect, and served with silent celerity. The scholar is always considered as becoming a gentleman by his education; and the wit as conferring honor up- on his company, however elevated by their rank or fortune; they are, therefore, frequently admitted to scenes of life very different from their own; they par- take of pleasure which they cannot hope to purchase; and many superfluities become necessary, by the grati- fication of wants, which in a lower class they would ne- ver have known.
VIENNA, July 10.
WEDNESDAY evening last arrived here the Prince de Hesse Hombourg, Capt. in the re- giment Stein, with the circumstantial relation of the affair of the 26th of June near Kalafat. Gen. Clairfayt, in order to drive the Turks from the Lesser Wallachia, had fallen upon them sword in hand, and after a very obstinate resistance, in which they displayed their wonted valor, they were completely routed, leaving 1500 men either killed on the field, or drowned in the Danube.— The loss on our side has been comparatively tri- vial.
LONDON, July 29.
The cause, above all others, which has render- ed the navy of Great Britain always superior to the French, and still more superior to the Span- iards is, that the profession of the sea has con- stantly, amongst us, been considered as a distinct one. The fleets of Spain are generally led by of- ficers possessing court interest—who from their education know something of naval as well as other tactics—but who in many instances never made a voyage in their lives, nor ever saw a fleet in line of battle.
DUBLIN, August 18.
Recruiting parties are as assiduous and alert as ever, notwithstanding the display of the olive branch which the English and Spanish declarati- ons have made.
Monday evening the brig Commerce, of Salem, in North America, arrived at Sheep-Bay, near Sligo, with an assorted cargo, consisting of otter, bear, racoon, deer, and many other skins, dressed in the hair, besides a large quantity of the choi- cest Canadian furs in packages and boxes, of three hundred weight each. This vessel is bound to Liverpool, on a voyage of speculation—but there can be no doubt of meeting a good market, as the articles of lading are in great demand, and must turn out very profitable to the adventurers, who are said to be so connected with the Indian tribes, as to be able to export a large quantity of the same species, excellent in their respective kinds, in the summer of every year.
CHARLESTON, October 28.
The federal court for South-Carolina district, under the authority of the United States, met at M'Crady's long room on Monday the 25th inst. Present the Hon. John Rutledge and James Ire- dell, Esqrs. associate justices of the supreme court and the Hon. Thomas Bee, Esq. judge of the dis- trict court: And after regulating proceedings, process and pleadings, in said court, adjourned to meet at Columbia on the twelfth day of May next.
NEW-BRUNSWICK, Nov. 9.
On the second inst. the District Court of New- Jersey, was held in this place, when on motion, Robert Boggs, Walter K. Cole and Joseph Scudder, Esq'rs, were admitted as attorneys of said court: No business appearing, the court was adjourned until the second Tuesday of Feb. next, then to be holden at Burlington.
NOTICE is hereby given, that proposals will be received at the Office of the Secretary of the Treasury, until the 30th day of December next inclusive, for the building of a LIGHTHOUSE, nearly of the dimensions proposed by the late Commissioners of Virginia and Maryland, upon the lot of land on Cape Henry, in the County of Princess Ann, and State of Virginia, lately ceded for that purpose to the United States. It is desired, that the proposals may leave the election, whether the building above the foundation shall be of brick or stone, and as the cost and charges of those ma- terials vary, it is expected, that a corresponding difference will be made in the terms offered.
The foundation of the Light-House is to be of stone, and sunk to the depth of thirteen feet below the water table, over the top of which the pavement is to be laid. The diameter thereof is to be twenty seven feet six inches, with a vacancy of about nine feet in the centre.
The diameter of the base is to be twenty six feet, at which place the thickness of the walls is to be six feet. The height from the bottom of the water table to the top of the stone work is to be fe- venty two feet, where the diameter is to be sixteen feet six inches, and the thickness of the walls three feet. The form is to be an octagon, having three windows in the east, and four in the west. If it be built of brick, it is to be faced with the glassy kind, if of stone, it is to be faced with hewn or hammer-dressed stone.
On the top of the stone work is to be a floor of joists, bedded therein, planked over and covered with copper, extending about two feet eight inches beyond the wall, thereby forming an evey, which is to be finished with a cornice, the whole having a descent from the centre sufficient to throw off the water.
The lantern is to be supported by eight posts of wrought Iron of three inches square and twenty feet in length, ten feet of which are to be wrought into the stone wall on the inner part at each corner. The diameter of it is to be ten feet, leaving a platform on the outside thereof of about six feet in width. All the work above this is to be of iron and copper. The lantern is to be ten feet high, having a semicircular roof of five feet more, with iron raft- ers covered with copper. The whole space between the posts sup- porting the lantern, is to be occupied by the sashes, which are to be made of iron, each sash is to have twenty-eight panes of glass, twelve by fourteen inches. One of the sashes on the south west side is to be hung with hinges for a door to go out upon the platform, from the outer part of which to the roof of the lantern is to be a frame of iron covered with a net work of strong brass wire, to preserve the glass from injuries by hail and flights of birds in the night.
The rafters of the lantern are to be well fastened to an iron hoop, over which is a copper funnel, through which the smoke may pass into a large copper ventilator in the form of a man's head, capable of containing one hundred gallons. This head is to be so placed as to be turned by a large vane on the spire above it, so that the hole for venting the smoke may always be to the leeward. Eight dormant ventilators of six inches diameter are to be fixed in the roof of the lantern.
A close stove is to be provided and fixed in the lantern, which is to be furnished with eight lamps, each capable of containing six quarts, hung in two tiers over each other transversely. There are to be six flights of stairs to ascend to the lantern, the entrance to which is to be by a door covered with copper. The building is to be furnished with two conductors, to secure it from the effects of lightning.
A frame house is to be built for the keeper, twenty feet square, two stories high, with a frame kitchen; the whole to be finished with lath and plaster.
A vault for the storage and safe keeping of the oil is to be built of stone at a convenient distance, twelve feet wide, and twenty in length. It is to be arched, and covered with earth or sand, over which a shed is to be built, and it is to be furnished with eight strong cedar cisterns with covers, each capable of containing two hundred gallons of oil. The entrance is to be secured by a strong door.
Good security for the faithful performance of the contract will be expected. Payments on account will be made at proper sta- ges of the work, and the balance will be paid on its completion: or, if a suitable difference should be made in the terms, cash will be advanced for the purchase of materials and provisions.
TREASURY DEPARTMENT,
Sept. 20, 1790.
IT is hereby made known, that the following arrangement has been adopted towards carrying into execution the Act, mak- ing provision for the debt of the United States, viz.
Loan-Office Certificates, and those issued by the Commission- ers for the adjustment of accounts in the several States, will be re- ceivable only at the Treasury and by the respective Commissioners of Loans within the States in which they were respectively issued. The Certificates issued by the Register of the Treasury, by the Pay Master General and Commissioner of Army Accounts, by the Commissioners for the adjustment of the Accounts of the Quarter- Master's, Commissary's, Hospital, Clothing, and Marine Depart- ments, Indents of Interest, and Bills of Old Emission, will be receivable indiscriminately at the Treasury and by the Com- missioners of all the States. The situation of the Checks has dicta- ted this arrangement for the greater security of the public against impositions by forged or counterfeit paper, and which the said data have been adopted from the same consideration for the execution of the business are such, that it will give facility and dispatch, if applications from the Holders of Certificates of the Register of the Treasury and of the Paymaster General, and Commissioner of Army Accounts, and of the Commissioners of the five Depart- ments above mentioned, are made in the first instance at the Treas- ury; and if applications from the Holders of Loan Office Certe- ficates, and Certificates issued by the Commissioners for the adjust- ment of Accounts in the respective States, are made in like man- ner to the Commissioners of Loans within the States in which they were issued. Transfers can afterwards be made to any Office that the Proprietors of these Certificates may desire.
At the INTELLIGENCE-OFFICE,
No. 208, in MARKET, above 6th STREET, South side,
WILL be negotiated all kinds of PAPER- MONEY and
Public Securities,
BUSINESS transacted in public offices in the city, and such Paper-Money and Certificates furnished, as will make payment at the Land Office equal to Gold and Silver.
MONEY borrowed or loaned, and BILLS, BONDS, and NOTES of HAND discounted.
HOUSES, Farms, Lands, and Lots, bought and sold, let or leased, and Houses, Rooms, Boarding and Lodg- ing procured for Strangers, or others.
BOOK-KEEPERS, Clerks, School-Masters, Waiters, Nurses, Seamstresses, Chamber and other Maids, and those of other professions, who come well recommended, may hear of employ; and Employers be supplied, by applying to
FRANCIS WHITE.
Dealer in Paper Money, and Public Securities.
The price of this paper is 3 dolls. pr. ann. and 50. single number.