Gazette of the United-States. (New-York [N.Y.]), 1793-06-15 00:00:00

Gazette of the United States.
A NATIONAL PAPER, PUBLISHED WEDNESDAYS AND SATURDAYS BY JOHN FENNO, No. 34, NORTH FIFTH STREET, PHILADELPHIA.
[No. 109 of Vol. IV.]
SATURDAY, JUNE 15, 1793.
[Whole No. 431.]
For the GAZETTE of the UNITED STATES.
THOUGHTS ON THE STATE OF AMERICAN INDIANS. (Continued from No. 107 of this Gazette.)
No. IX.
IN the progress of society, the arts naturally follow agriculture. The cultivation of arts and manufactures requires the joint labor and skill of many individuals. As they add nothing to the productive power of the society, they depend upon the surplus produce of the cultivators of the soil for their support. The number of husbandmen must become considerable before distinct professions and a division of labor are necessary. In the early stages of society, every family manufactures its own necessaries. As society improves and numbers increase, a division of employment takes place—one who is expert in erecting huts, exchanges labor with the farmer, and erects him a habitation while the farmer supplies him with food—another excels in making clothes; he of course becomes the general workman for the society. Such we may imagine to have been the origin of every profession—the habit of attention acquired by constant exercise in their respective employments, give them a dexterity and acuteness which kept pace with the improvement of the society. The arts most necessary to society, and which are first cultivated, are such as relate to the preparation and use of food—the materials of cloathing—the production and use of metals, and the construction of proper habitations. A brief detail of these is necessary for the illustration of the subject. The instruments necessary to facilitate labor and render the earth proper for tillage, are numerous and ingenious, and beyond the attainment of savages. The cultivation of grain also requires long experience and much observation to bring it to perfection—the art of reducing grain to flour, and this again to bread, is slowly acquired; and the latter must have cost the experience of ages. Some nations at present are not acquainted with the art of fermenting their paste. Fermentaceous liquors also require much experience, and many rude essays must have been made to render them in any degree palatable. Gardening; and the cultivation and improvement of plants and trees, are in like manner of difficult discovery, and remote from the observation of savages.
These arts arise immediately from the cultivation of the soil, and are necessary in a greater or less degree to the infancy of civil society.
As soon as men proceed beyond the savage state, they seek for something different from the skins of beasts for defence or ornament. Every step in the art of cloathing is difficult to a savage—the raising of the flax and wool—the means of converting these into thread and yarn, and the innumerable gradations in the process of manufacturing these into cloth, require long attention and much ingenuity.
The use of metals also is of great service in the early stages of society, and greatly accelerates the progress of refinement; the methods of procuring them are however difficult, and in a measure unknown to men in the first period of society. The discovery of the ore—the means of extracting, refining and forging it—the art of erecting furnaces—of procuring fuel, and of contriving machinery for the abridgement of labor—the art of tempering the metal—the fabrication of instruments, and indeed the whole process of the work, requires much time, much reflection, and much experience, to bring them to any degree of perfection.
The art of constructing habitations for use or elegance, is a primary object of attention in the earliest period of society. At first, like all other arts, it must have been extremely rude. The felling of the timber, the contriving and adjusting the proportions, the tools proper for these purposes, and the whole that relates to masonry, to painting and ornament, are difficult and imperfect, while the arts of civilized life are unknown.
All these arts are necessary to the full establishment of civil society—they are however of difficult invention and slow progress, when left wholly to the rude efforts of uninstructed genius.
Inexperience, ages elapsed before they arrived at any considerable perfection. These arts we have it in our power to communicate to the savages; and by being early introduced among them, would contribute greatly to their advancement towards polished manners.
These are the means which appear to me most proper to be employed to bring the Indians to the knowledge and enjoyment of the blessings of civilization.
Let a plan be contrived that will embrace the whole of these objects—To instruct them in religion—to regulate the institution of marriage—to introduce the notion of private property, of a fixed residence and agriculture—to furnish them with the instruments of art, and to instruct them in such as are most necessary to the infancy of society.
Let suitable persons be chosen and sent among the Indians, furnished with materials for the projected improvements. Let a connection be formed between them and the United States, and let it be made their interest to maintain peace with us, and cultivate our friendship.
That these objects are desirable, I believe none will deny. That they may be accomplished, we have sufficient encouragement to warrant an experiment—that the expense should deter us from attempting it, cannot be admitted—the money already expended on the war* in which we are engaged with them, would well nigh suffice to carry every arrangement I have suggested into effect. It would surely redound more to the honor and interest of the United States to civilize, than to exterminate them. The attempt is further recommended by the consideration that this is the only way to secure a permanent peace with them.
These observations are intended to excite some attention to a subject hitherto not much explored—to remove some mistakes concerning it, and to lead to more benevolent sentiments towards the Indians. They are dictated by no party, founded on no favorite hypothesis, but on general principles of human nature, and such as have served as the basis of states in former times, and are with deference submitted to the public, by their humble servant, LYCURGUS.
* I wish not to be understood by this, to say any thing respecting the justice or policy of the war in which we are now engaged with the Indians.
FROM THE (NEW-YORK) DIARY.
IT is a circumstance highly gratifying to every class of well disposed orderly citizens, to see that the high executive authority of the Union, is so well seconded, in his endeavors to maintain the dignity and peace of this happy country, by the Chief Magistrate of the State of New-York. This reflection arose from information received yesterday from a friend, that certain persons here, unmindful of their duty as peaceable citizens, and regardless of the consequences which might result to the community at large, from their rash conduct, had equiped for sea an armed vessel, and procured a commission from the French Minister, to cruise against, and capture the property of any of those nations who are at war with France, THOUGH AT PEACE WITH AMERICA. My informant further assured me, that as soon as Governor Clinton had sufficiently ascertained the fact, that so daring a violation of national faith was about to be perpetrated, through the madness and avarice of a few individuals, with a vigilance becoming his station, and a decision which has frequently marked his character, he ordered the ship to be arrested, and caused those persons who had entered on this unwarrantable enterprise, to be confined. This prudent and spirited conduct of our Governor, I conceive, entitles him to the thanks of the people of America, and in a particular manner, demands the respectful acknowledgments of the citizens of New-York. Many respectable persons in Philadelphia, sensible of the delicate situation of this country, relative considered with the powers at war, have expressed to the President of the United States, their approbation of that Proclamation, on which the present act of our Governor is founded. I submit therefore with all deference to the citizens of New-York, whether an address to his Excellency Governor Clinton, expressive of our resolution to aid him if necessary, by every means in our power, to preserve the reputation of the city, and to maintain inviolate the neutrality proclaimed, and to declare our entire approbation of the manner, by which he has been pleased to put a stop to an act, at once so unadvised, audacious and illegal. A CITIZEN.
From the BALTIMORE DAILY REPOSITORY.
MESSRS PRINTERS,
I WISH through the medium of your useful paper, to communicate to the public the following humane and heroic action of a young man of my acquaintance. It reflects much honor on the young man; and is highly interesting to every generous heart, particularly to the members of the Humane Society.
On the evening of Sunday, 6 negroes, viz. 3 men, 1 boy, and 2 women, were in a canoe on the river Sassafras; suddenly the canoe sunk. Only one of the poor unhappy negroes could swim so as to save his life. The other five must inevitably have been drowned, but for the noble exertions of Mr. Samuel Council, who, with several others was providentially on board a vessel, which lay in the river, in sight of the canoe when she sunk. This young man was the only one of the whole company, who through humanity and feeling for the unfortunate blacks, braved all danger to relieve them. He at the dreadful light slipped off his coat, jumped overboard with the rest of his clothes and shoes on, swam to their assist-
ance, and saved 4 out of 5, viz. 2 men and 2 women. The boy was drowned; he never emerged, and could not be found. Mr. Council nearly lost his life in this undertaking. He laid the 2 men on the canoe which was keel uppermost. Whilst employed in effecting this, the 2 women who were almost drowned, seized him by the shirt, and dragged him under water. But he found means to disengage himself, then catching them again, he held them up with one hand, and with the other seized the canoe; remaining in that position till two other canoes came to his assistance, and carried him with his trophies, safe on shore. The authenticity of this may be depended on. A Constant Reader.
UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA.
IT has hitherto been the practice of this Seminary, as it was all along the practice both of the Old College and of the Old University, to examine the several rolls, once a week;—and on every such occasion, to levy fines, except where corporal punishment was to be inflicted, on such of the Students, as, during the preceding week, had been either late in their attendance, or absent altogether, at any particular session.
But, this practice, however good the design with which it was instituted, was found to be attended with some inconveniences. The collection of so many petty fines was both troublesome and degrading to the Professors. Neither, after all, could the imposition of these fines be expected to produce the desired effect: for, if considerable, they operated rather as a tax upon the parents, than as punishment on the boys; and, if inconsiderable, were but too apt to be disregarded.—And, as to corporal punishment, the infliction of it so frequently, and in so public a manner, could not but tend to wear out that ingenuous sense of shame and regard to character, which it is one great end of education to cherish and promote.
At a meeting, therefore, of the faculty, held April 18, 1793, it was unanimously resolved,
“That all fines and corporal punishments for attending late, or being absent altogether, at any particular session, shall be abolished:
And, secondly, that, on the first Wednesday of every month, there shall be held a meeting of the several professors and tutors, for the purpose of examining the general roll, and comparing their several particular rolls; when, an accurate statement of the attendance and behavior of each student during the preceding month, shall be made out, and presented to his parents or guardians.”
The faculty consider, that by thus extending, as it were, the authority of parents and guardians, there will be the less need for the exertion of other authority; and that the apprehension of this monthly notice will be found to have at least as much influence on the minds of their pupils, as the apprehension of the weekly fines and punishments were found to have formerly.
Published for the information of the parents and guardians of the students and scholars at the University:
By order of the Faculty; WILLIAMS ROGERS, Secy. Philadelphia, June 11, 1793.
Foreign Intelligence.
STOCKHOLM, March 29.
BARON ARMFELDT , the Swedish Ambassador in Italy, has resigned all his military appointments.
The departure of Count Stackelberg, the Russian Ambassador, will speedily take place: and this Nobleman will speedily be succeeded by Count Romanzow, hitherto Minister of the Empress at Frankfort.
Besides the regiments which lately received orders to march, that of Jonkoeping, consisting of 1100 men, has received orders to hold itself in readiness.
This circumstance, to which may be added the continual passing of couriers between this city, Copenhagen and Petersburg, gives us reason to conjecture, that some grand projects are planned.
The armament at Carlscrone is shortly to be increased.
His Majesty was accepted as a Free Mason, on the 22d inst. in the Grand Lodge of this city: the Duke Regent presided as Grand Master.
The Duke Regent, to give a token of his esteem to Sir Sidney Smith, an Englishman, who served as Col. in our fleet during the last war, has determined to send as a present to Sir
Sidney, a masterly portrait of Charles XII. painted by Professor Kraft.
DANTZIC, April 2.
In consequence of the preliminary capitulation agreed on between our Magistrates and Lieutenant General Von Baumer, the Prussian troops took possession of the gates and advanced works of this fortress on the 27th of March.
During this surrender, a part of the garrison of Danzic revolted. Supported by the mob, they took possession of the inner ramparts, and discharged their cannon and small arms at the Prussian troops.
The insurrection was quelled in a few hours, with the loss of 14 men killed on both sides.
The apprehension of the ring-leaders, and other salutary regulations, have effected a complete restoration of tranquility.
We have nothing to fear even from the surrender of the city itself, which is to follow in a few days, because the guns have been removed from the outer ramparts, and the Polish garrison is completely disarmed.
The Royal commission is daily expected from Berlin, for the purpose of making fresh civil and commercial regulations.
PARTS, April 8.
The posture of affairs on our frontiers is hourly becoming more and more encouraging. Dumourier is nearly abandoned, and the different corps of the northern army are rapidly organizing into an invincible phalanx. The traitor in his flight had a narrow escape from the fire of several battalions; his horse was killed under him, and one of his aid de-camps fell by his side.—All the heavy artillery is returned safe to Valenciennes, and all the provision, stores and ammunition to Douay. The fortified towns on the frontier are in the best possible state of defence against the attacks of any force whatever, and in a very short time, from the exertions that are making, will be proof to the most obstinate siege, and provided with every necessary for a great length of time; while the enemy are in an exhausted country, and must bring every breakfast they make some hundreds of miles. Thus, it is to be hoped, the check that treason has effected on us, will only serve in the end to disgrace the traitors who perpetrated it; and it will be no small advantage to the republican cause, if this event cures the French of their extravagant idolatry for individuals, and that silly propensity to enthusiastic admiration of their leaders, upon every transient gale of success. Ignorant or ill disposed people do our cause immense harm, constantly spreading alarms and apprehensions on the state of our affairs, which have a fatal effect at a distance. Recruiting is going on rapidly, and discipline enforcing. Our enemies well know that France can never fall but by an ill-directed application of its strength. On the 6th instant, after evacuating Malines, an immense value of property arrived safe into Douay, to say, 90 pieces of cannon, 7,500 muskets of the first quality, 2,000 pieces of small cannon with firelocks, 3,000 lbs. wt. of copper, a vast quantity of artillery implements, and lastly a mortar that was burnt in the bombardment of Lisle, which the new commissioners on the frontiers have ordered back to that place, in the name of the representatives of the nation, which in their opinion will be a most acceptable present to the people of Lisle, whose firmness and courage once saved the republic, and will save it again.

LONDON, April 19.
The Count D'Artois is arrived at Peterburgh, where the Empress has lodged him in her palace, given him a household guard, &c.
The city of Liege has paid the contribution of 600,000 florins, of which sum the Prince of Saxe Cobourg has sent 76,000 dollars to the Duke of Brunswick.
The Fernigs, two female warriors, and Aids-de-Camp to Dumourier, have followed the fortunes of that General.
The Count de Merci is every day expected in London on a secret embassy from the Emperor—The sending this gentleman at the present crisis, while there is an Imperial Minister at our Court, occasions a good deal of conjecture among politicians, as to the object of his mission.
It appears probable that the Count de Merci's embassy to this Court, is on one or other of these motives; or probably on both:—
To arrange the plan of operations of the army under the command of his Royal Highness the Duke of York: and whether it is to act separately, or under the orders of the Prince de Cobourg; or 2dly, what is still more likely, to negotiate with our ministry, whether in case the French Netherlands are reduced by the Austrian forces, the Emperor shall be allowed to retain possession of these after the war.
The conquest of the French Netherlands will ensure that of the Province of Picardy.
When the Duke of York failed for Holland, his orders were to remain at a small distance from the place of landing, to observe the motions of the Dutch. If they did not shew strong symptoms of vigour and resolution, it was not judged expedient to risk the sacrifice of the Guards to the defence of an ally, who were suspected of inactivity in their own cause. On a sagacious enquiry, the Duke found that Dort had scarcely 200 men to defend it. He concluded, that if Williamstadt surrendered, the former could not prevent, in its weak state of defence, the enemy from marching to Rotterdam. Using, therefore, a discretion in which, perhaps, the fate of Holland depended, he marched to garrison Dort; a measure which inspired the gallant defenders of Williamstadt, and had an electrical effect on the councils and conduct of the Dutch.
On the 6th of April the members of the Sovereign Council of Brabant were reinstated with great ceremony in all their functions.
On this occasion, the Count de Metternich Winnebourg, Minister Plenipotentiary from his Imperial Majesty, addressed them in a long and a very popular discourse, in which he promised "to revive the happy reign of Maria Theresa; but he at the same time recommended that they would abjure the spirit of party, and make a liberal and instantaneous provision by way of indemnity for such Citizens as had evinced their attachment to the Constitution."
After this, his Excellency shewed himself at the balcony to the people, by whom he was received amidst the most joyous acclamations.
Of English now at Paris, are Mr. Merry the poet, Miss H. M. Williams, Mr. Stone, Tom Paine, &c. &c.
Dampierre, the French General, resided some time in England, and was known as the devoted enamourer of the Dowager Lady R—d—n. He was the first Frenchman who made a voyage in a balloon, at Lyons, some years since.
It is said, that when the deputies of the convention were sent to M. de Gaston, the leader of the insurgents of Brittany, demanding of him, whether he had taken arms for or against the republic, he replied, "If I had conducted myself like those who have sent you hither, I should have had you hanged up instantly, without any form of trial; but I will not thus disgrace an honorable cause; we have only taken arms to purge France of the villains who despoil her, and we will not lay them down till these shall be de-
stroyed. Depart instantly, and inform the tyrants of Paris, that the heads of the municipal officers and administrators, which are in our hands, shall answer for the safety of those persons attached to our cause, whom the convention have put in letters."
Were a foreigner to enter any of our places of public amusement, he would consider us as the most prolific nation on earth. There is not a female of eleven to a tabby of sixty, who does not appear in the different stages of pregnancy; but how would it surprise a stranger to be told, that this strange appearance of future population proceeds totally from— the Staymaker.
FRANCE.
NATIONAL CONVENTION.
In the sitting of the 11th inst. the following address was presented, in the name of the section des Halles:
"Citizens! we are come to speak truth to you; we trust you will not make it necessary for us to speak to you again. Hitherto our petitions lie buried in those committees, where the guilty fit for the purpose of deceiving you with artful reports; when an honest man wishes to claim your attention, his voice is drowned.
"We come this day to present you with a petition from the 48 sections, which is expressive of the wishes of all France. Hear us then for the last time. The nation is wearied; it is tired with beholding perfidious representatives; it wishes that the traitors should be given up to the sword of the law. Had you punished Dumourier when he permitted the Prussian despot to escape in the plains of Champagne: Had you not protected the faction which seconded the projects of that traitor, you would not this day hear the people of Belgium and Liege accusing the French with barbarity. Roland has been guilty of a thousand faults; yet he lives to concoct new crimes. Look which way we will, traitors present themselves to our view. Our armies are commanded by Generals and Officers named by Bourdonville. The tribunes judge none guilty, but set them at liberty. Twenty times you have promised us a precise law against stock-jobbing, yet no law for that purpose is yet enacted. Are you then the protector of monopolists; or do you hope that the people by the knowledge of their grievances will demand of you a master? No! the people will perish if it must be so, under their miseries, but they will not perish without first seeing the destruction of all intriguers.
"You have sent into the departments the most patriotic commissioners, by which means we now perceive a corrupt majority deciding the fate of France. Unfortunate country! You wished to call forth those who could defend you, and have named those who live but to injure you!
"We demand, 1st, A decree of accusation against Roland. 2d, That the administration of the post-office be renewed. 3d, That all guilty deputies be decreed in a state of accusation, &c. Men of the Mountain! It is to you we address ourselves; save the republic. If you imagine you have not force enough to accomplish the task, we trust you will have courage to tell us so, and we will undertake the care of our Saviour."—[Applauses from the Mountain followed the reading of this address.]
Danton demanded that honorable mention should be made of it. A tumult ensued. The President put on his hat; and Danton addressing himself to the Valley, said, "You are all villains!"—[Applauses from the Mountain and the Tribune.]
Petion said that the address from the section des Halles tended to dissolve the Convention, and to confide the safety of the republic to a party, who breathed nothing but robbery and murder. Behold, cried he, how they inflame the people! [Tis you who inflame them, exclaimed many voices.] Petion concluded by demanding, that the President and Secretary of the section
des Halles be sent to the bar; that they should declare the names of those who had signed the address, and in case they avow the signatures, that they be sent to the revolutionary tribunal.
Danton—"It is incontestibly true that you have no right to expect more wisdom from the people than you yourselves shew. May not the people experience a patriotic delirium? Is not this tribunal itself, become an amphitheatre for gladiators? Have I not been beset and threatened? Consider the nature of the passions which should agitate a great people, during a revolution; Consider yourselves, and pronounce. This is the species of argument I address to Petion, and which I have often before offered to the Convention. If you deliberate on the address of the section des Halles, deliberate likewise on that of Marseilles. Recollect that the law should be the same, whether to protect or to punish. Instead of amusing yourselves in the rectifying of political errors, labor for the constitution and the happiness of the people.
"I demand the previous question."
After a violent debate, Petion's motion was adopted.
Cambon from the Committee of safety, proposed that Monge should be removed from his place, as the Minister of Marine, and that Dalbarret should be appointed to succeed him. Decreed unanimously.
The Assembly decreed, 1st, That, to the number of counter-revolutionary attempts, the provocations to the re-establishment of royalty should be added.
2d, That the Executive power do forthwith give the necessary orders, conformable to the law of the 7th of the present month, that the criminal tribunal of the department of the north, should send, without delay, to Valenciennes, and to the other places in the jurisdiction to which they belong, to be there judged definitively, all arrangements against those who sought the re-establishment of royalty, or were guilty of counter-revolutionary commotions, and to pronounce against them the punishments decided by the law of the 10th of March last, and in the forms prescribed by the law!
3d, The criminal tribunals of all the departments of the Republic are equally charged to proceed in the same manner.
APRIL 12.
On the proposition of Cambon, from the committee of public safety, the Convention decreed, "That provocations to the re-establishment of Royalty is another counter-revolutionary crime; and those found guilty of it shall suffer death. 2. That the same punishment shall be inflicted on every individual who shall vary the price of merchandize because sold for assignats. 3. The exportation of gold or silver from the territory of France, besides the punishment now ordered by law, shall be further punished by a fine of not less than 2000 livres. 4. Every person who shall refuse to take assignats in payment, shall be forced to it, and be subject to a fine to the amount of double the sum refused.
La Haye read a letter by which it appeared, that on the 22d of March, Egalite passed through Sez under the name of Fecamp, who is one of his stewards. He asked the landlord, at whose house he put up, whether Egalite was beloved in that Canton, and whether the people would like to see him King. From thence Egalite went to Alencon, and a few days after there was a violent insurrection at that place.
The Convention decreed, that four Commissioners should be named, by nominal appeal, to go to Sez, and find out the track of Egalite's journey; to take depositions, and bring the guilty before the Revolutionary Tribunal.
On the other hand it was announced, that the rebels were masters of the island of St. Gilles and Noirmoutier; were in great force on the road leading to Nantes; and that a detachment of National infantry, destined to protect a convoy of provisions, had halted in a town,
in order to plunder it, when they were taken by the rebels, and made prisoners with their convoy.
In the sitting of the 13th, a letter was read in the National Convention from Gen. Custine; in which he complains very bitterly of the contradictory orders he has received, and of the want of discipline in the French armies. He tells the Convention that nothing can save the Republic, but to place the whole executive power in the hands of one man; that if the Convention will entrust him with that power, he will undertake to save the Republic; if it will not, he desires to have his successor appointed. Differing from Dumourier, he observes, that should a King be proclaimed, he will instantly emigrate from the country.
DUBLIN, April 10.
The progress of philosophy, liberality, and union, was last night evinced here in a manner which must affect every patriotic mind with the most pleasing emotions.—On account of the Catholic bill having received the royal assent, very splendid and general illuminations took place in almost every house occupied by a Protestant over the city.
Notwithstanding the happiness this spectacle, as well as the cause of it, must have afforded the Catholics, they with a dignified modesty, which does them the highest honor, exhibited no public mark of rejoicing whatever.
Some contemptible hacks, taking advantage of the occasion, wished to deprive the Protestants of the honour which this act reflects upon them, by ascribing it to another motive, viz. That of joy on account of the vile story of Dumourier's tergiversation—but this must appear evidently absurd as a set of Right Hon. Gentlemen, high in the confidence of administration; enemies to Catholic emancipation (particularly one near the Castle) had their houses gloomy as Erebus.
April 20. Of all the forms of government, the Aristocratical is most to be dreaded. In a despotic monarchy, the dangers and inconvenience may be always seen and avoided; but the other is a masked battery, which in a moment overturns the liberty of the subject—unprepared and unresisting. It can be maintained only by subordination, perjury, spies, informers, secret imprisonments, secret executions, rack and tortures; besides, once in two or three centuries, the first might possibly produce an Augustus or a Titus, but whoever heard of a virtuous Aristocracy?
Died at Cottage, near Longford, after a short illness, Miss Charlotte Brooke, daughter of Counsellor Brooke,* a young lady, the brilliancy of whose genius could only be equalled by the purity of her piety. In her, Ireland has lost an ornament, and the widow and the fatherless a friend. Her "Reliques of Irish Poetry" are well known to all lovers of elegant literature, and her "School for christians" will ever hold a distinguished rank among those books which are best calculated to promote the truth of the Gospel. In the edition of her father's works, which she published in 1792, she has raised a monument to his genius, and to her filial affection. At passage, Mrs. Judith Parker, aged 100 years.
* Author of the Fool of Quality, &c. &c.
GRENADA, May 2.
Monday the ship Calipso, of 40 guns, belonging to commodore Malvo's squadron, arrived here on private business, the nature of which has not transpired. She sailed again on Tuesday night.
The la Firme, of 74 guns, now commanded by Mons. Malvo, passed by this day, running close in shore, accompanied by the schooner mounting 16 guns, which was here a few days since.
ST. JOHN'S (Antigua) May 21. Major General the Honorable Thomas Bruce, at present in Barbados, is, we are told, appointed commander in chief of his Majesty's troops, in the Leeward Islands, in the room of major Gen. Guyier, who, it is said, intends for England, the beginning of July, where he will receive those marks of honor and attention, which his late valiant conquest of Tobago entitle him to.—We are also informed that Col. Myers, is appointed Quarter-Master-General.

United States.
AUGUSTA, May 11.
On Friday the 10th inst. Mr. Peter Gere-deaux, one of the party which went out under the command of Col. Stewart, from Liberty County, in pursuit of a party of Indians who had taken away nine negroes from Mr. Smith, was killed by these Indians, over the Alata-maha; four of Col. Stewart's party, among whom was the unfortunate young gentleman above-mentioned, having left the main body in order to return, were fired on, when Mr. Gere-deaux fell and was scalped—Col. Stewart returned on hearing the report of the gun, but could not discover the savages.
Last Sunday morning, the Post-rider was thrown from off his horse, about 50 miles below Augusta. The horse ran about 5 miles through the woods, and although tracked from the road to the place where he stopped, the mail which was dropped could not be found; however diligent search was made that and the next day—It is to be apprehended some dishonest person must have taken up and concealed it, from the hope of reward.
CHARLESTON, June 3.
The Grand Inquest for the district of Charleston, for the May session, 1793, present a grievance and oppression, the practice of magistrates receiving fees from persons prosecuting offences and injuries, on behalf of the state; as it may tend to a prevention of redress, and the due administration of justice, unless those who are injured (many of whom can ill afford it) can have redress free of expense: and recommended that this presentment be laid before the legislature and published.
JOHN MITCHELL, Foreman.
BOSTON, June 8.
Yesterday the Circuit Court of the United States opened in this town: When the Hon. Judge Wilson delivered to the Grand Jury, a Charge, replete with the purest principles of our Government, and highly indicative of his legal reputation. After the Charge, the Rev. Dr. Thacher addressed the throne of Grace, in prayer.
ALEXANDRIA, June 8.
Messrs. Printers,
HAVING obtained a copy of the circular letter from the department of the Treasury, respecting the ships of war and privateers of France, I send it to you for publication—By giving it a place in your paper, you will probably prevent much misconception and misrepresentation. I must confess that I feel no small degree of indignation to see many people wantonly censuring the conduct of the Executive in this instance, being at the same time entirely unacquainted with every circumstance that gave rise to it, and of every principle upon which it is justifiable. They are eternally insisting upon a strict neutrality, and appear to possess no definite conceptions of the true meaning of the term. Would it be an observance of the principle of neutrality, with respect to France, to disregard a treaty at the very first occasion which could possibly demand an observance of it? If France had never been engaged in war, the 17th and 22d articles would have been useless. But as the period has arrived, which calls for the execution of the engagements stipulated in those articles, would it not amount to an unequivocal declaration of war with France, to reject the validity of them.
I think it would be proper to publish the two articles in question—After which I shall be much surprised to see one man of solid understanding disapproving of a rigid adherence to them on the part of America. A.B.
(CIRCULAR.)
Treasury Department, May 30, 1793.
Sir,
IT being the opinion of the executive, that there is no general law of the land, prohibiting the entry and sale of goods captured by foreign powers at war—and consequently that such entry and sale are lawful; except in cases where a prohibition is to be found in the treaties of the United States—
It becomes the duty of this Department to make known to you, that the entry of vessels captured and brought into our ports by the ships of war and privateers of France, and of their cargoes, is to be received in the same manner, under the same regulations, and upon the same conditions, as THAT of vessels and their cargoes which are not prizes—One of these conditions is, of course, the payment or securing the payment of the duties imposed by law on goods, wares and merchandise imported, and on the tonnage of ships and vessels.
But the same privilege will not extend to any of the other belligerent powers, being contrary to the 17th and 22d articles of our Treaty with France. I am, &c.
Art. 17. It shall be lawful for the ships of war of either party, and privateers, freely to carry whithersoever they please, the ships and goods taken from their enemies, without being obliged to pay any duty to the officers of the admiralty or any other judges: nor shall such prizes be arrested or seized when they come to and enter the ports of either party; nor shall the searchers or other officers of those places search the same, or make examination concerning the lawfulness of such prizes, but they may hoist sail at any time, and depart and carry their prizes to the places expressed in their commissions, which the commanders of such ships of war shall be obliged to shew; on the contrary, no shelter or refuge shall be given in their ports to such as shall have made prize of the subjects, people or property of either of the parties; but if such shall come in, being forced by stress of
weather, or the danger of the sea, all proper means shall be vigorously used, that they go out and retire from thence as soon as possible."
"Art. 22. It shall not be lawful for any foreign privateers, not belonging to subjects of the most Christian King, nor citizens of the said United States, who have commissions from any other prince or state in enmity with either nation, to fit their ships in the ports of either the one or the other of the aforesaid parties, to sell what they have taken, or in any other manner whatsoever to exchange their ships, merchandise, or any other lading; neither shall they be allowed even to purchase victuals, except such as shall be necessary for their going to the next port of that prince or state from which they may have commissions."
NORFOLK, June 5.
At a meeting of the standing committee of the REPUBLICAN SOCIETY of Norfolk and Portsmouth, on the 3d of June, 1793.
RESOLVED, That it is the opinion of this Committee, that the DECLARATION, comprising an exposition of the sentiments and principles upon which this Society has been formed, be published in the Norfolk Papers.
DECLARATION.
"WE, the undersigned citizens, declare as our unalterable opinion, that the blessings of a just, mild, and equitable government can only be perpetuated by that pure spirit of Republican vigilance to which (under favor of the Supreme Governor of the Universe) we owe our present political ease, tranquility and happiness."
"That the inattention which many of our fellow-citizens discover towards the dearest rights, privileges and immunities of freemen, is to us matter of serious concern and regret."
"That the excellence of a mild representative government (affording an example of the happiness of equal liberty) will excite jealousies in the minds, and be painful in the sight of tyrants and their abettors: it does therefore behoove men, who are experiencing the blessings of freedom, to be ever on the watch to guard against the machinations of those enemies to mankind."
"That the imaginary security into which we have been lulled, by our remote situation from the combined despotis of Europe, and other considerations, may have the most fatal tendency; if not to destroy our independence as a nation, at least to sap the foundation of that glorious fabric upon which our liberties rest—our free and excellent constitution."
"That it becomes Republicans at all times to speak their sentiments freely and without reserve; but more particularly at this alarming period when we behold the Tyrants of the world combined, and every engine of despotism employed in making a grand effort to crush the infant spirit of freedom, recognized by our brethren of France; whose virtuous exertions (in a cause so lately our own) we cannot as men, and as Republicans, behold with indifference, or contemplate without a mixture of sympathy and admiration."
"That it is a truth, not less notorious than it is to be lamented, that in the bosom of our country we have men whose principles and sentiments are opposed to all free governments, and that such are just objects of suspicion."
"That strongly impressed with these sentiments, we have conceived it to be our interest, but more particularly our duty, to form this Association, for the purpose of strengthening the bands of Union, and of cherishing republican sentiments, manners, morals and affections."
NEW-YORK, June 11.
Yesterday arrived the ship Ann and Catharine, Capt. Pearce, in 39 days from Newry. She brings no newspapers—the Captain having given them all to the Captain of a British vessel, whom he spoke with at sea, bound to London, from which port she had been 18 months.—Capt. Pearce states that he passed through a fleet of 30 sail, of English vessels, in the Irish channel, with 12 regiments on board, who were destined to make an attack on Brittany, to favor the aristocratic party in France.
Philadelphia, June 15.
L'EMBUSCADE.
Extract of a letter from an officer of the frigate, to a gentleman in this city, dated New-York, June 11, 1793.
"MY FRIEND,
"I embrace this opportunity to inform you, that we left the Capes of Delaware on the 7th inst. bound on a cruise, and on the 8th took the brig Catharine, from Jamaica bound to Philadelphia."
"We had no sooner manned our prize, than we saw a large ship to leeward, and gave chase, but soon discovering that she was a large two decker, put about; and night coming on, lost sight of her."
"On the 10th, as we were standing in for the land, at two o'clock in the morning, saw two lights, which we immediately gave chase to, and when within gun shot, found them to be two large ships at anchor in 10 fathoms, with each a light on her poop—and as we kept silent, and they did not appear to see or hear us, we continued close in shore, and at 5 o'clock we saw another large ship about 2 leagues to leeward—the gave chase to us. We judged her to be a forty gun ship, and knowing there were five men of war on the coast, and two within ten leagues of us, did not think it prudent to engage her. At 11 o'clock we anchored before the city of New-York."
Extract of a letter from New-York, June 11.
"The Embuscade arrived here yesterday and saluted the city with 15 guns, which was returned from the battery. She was chased in by two English ships of 40 and 50 guns, who, I hear, are determined to cruise off the coast till she goes out again."
"Several scuffles have taken place in this city between the English and French sailors."
A gentleman who left New-York on Monday morning last, gives us the following account of a recent transaction in that city:—A small vessel had been within a few weeks fitted out in the port of New-York, laid to be intended on a trip to Charleston, and not till within a few hours of her sailing did she assume the appearance of a privateer. On Saturday evening, between the hours of nine and ten, she took in her guns and ammunition. The mayor being informed of the circumstance, communicated it to the Governor, when they both, with laudable zeal, and accompanied by some officers of the peace, pursued the vessel, which had set sail, overtook her and brought her back. Our informant saw her under a guard, as he crossed the North-River.
M. BLANCHARD will repeat his experiment with the Parachute, for the last time, on Monday next, at 8 o'clock in the evening, at his Rotunda in Chestnut-street. Tickets, at half a dollar, may be had at Mr. Oellers' Hotel.
The daily papers announce the completion of the Subscriptions to the Bank of Pennsylvania—The citizens having taken all the shares allotted to them, amounting to 2000.
The Legislature of New-Jersey has adjourned to meet again at Trenton in October next.
At the Theatre in Charleston, S. C. the sum of 3061. 13s. 3d. was received for the benefit of the Orphan-House in that city.
The Corporations of the cities of Trenton and Burlington, and the Convention of the Protestant Episcopal Church of New-Jersey, have presented Addresses to his Excellency Richard Howell, Esquire, on his election as Governor of that State.
The grand Jury of the Circuit Court of the United States for the Southern District, held at Savannah, April term, 1793—have presented as grievances, 1st. The non-compliance of the Creeks with the articles of the treaty made with them at New-York—2dly. That no partial assumption of that State's debts has taken place, as an equivalent to place her on a footing with her sister States, in the general assumption—3dly. The numerous Banks of the United States; as they may in time create an undue influence, repugnant to republican principles—4th. The decision of the Supreme Court in a question relative to the liability of the State of Georgia to answer an action commenced against her by an individual of another state.
All the ports of the French West-Indies are open to American vessels.
At a meeting of the inhabitants of the district of German-Town, Roxbury and Bristol the 6th inst. sundry resolutions were passed, expressive of their disapprobation of acts of incorporation, establishing private companies for cutting canals, and making Turnpikes at the expence of private property. A committee was appointed to draft a petition to the Legislature praying a repeal of such parts of said acts as are unconstitutional, &c.
The plan for making the road through German-Town to Chestnut Hill, a Turnpike Road, was negatived by this meeting.
The brig Betsey, Capt. Byrd, from St. Marks, and last from Savannah, in 9 days, brings further accounts of the incursions of the Indians into the state of Georgia, and that the militia were all on severe duty. General Jackson with his usual spirit and patriotism, had marched out with a strong party to repel the savages.
By passengers arrived here from Cape-Francois, in the brig Hiram, we learn that on the 24th of last month and two days following, a violent earthquake was experienced in that town which had done considerable damage to the houses. The fountain in the Place d'Armes, a solid fabric was by its violence thrown down and destroyed. When the brig failed, the 25th, the weather portended further mischief.
The Wilmington, Jeffries, is arrived at Wilmington from Belfast, with upwards of 400 passengers.
Extract of a letter from a gentleman in Richmond, to his friend in Philadelphia, dated June 7.
"The Federal Judges have, this day, delivered their opinion upon the great question of British debts, which was unanimous for the payment. Griffin and Iredell were for substituting the payments of paper-money into the treasury:—Jay was of a contrary opinion, and the latter gave one of the most able decisions I ever heard delivered—and, to distinguished persons, I conceive satisfactory and conclusive."
Extract of a letter from a gentleman at Trinidad, to his friend in this city, dated May 18.
"As to political news here, Tobago was taken by the English some weeks ago, as no doubt you will have heard before this reaches you.—The American vessels are permitted to an entry for twelve months from the capture, and are only allowed to carry off rum for a remittance, perhaps molasses, yet most estates distill it.—St. Lucie, from report, is likewise captured, and I suppose the same regulations."
"Martinique is likewise attacked—as yet no account of capture. The French parties in that island are carried to an extravagant length: burning and destroying each other's property, and giving a bounty of two Joes to Negroes, to bring in their master's heads. Eleven ships of English men of war are anchored at some of the out-bays, and it will be a happy circumstance for them, in their present situation, to be captured. The 74 gun ship and frigate under French colours, that lay for a considerable time in this harbor, set out with an intention of joining the English fleet, as report says: That orders from England arrived by the Packet, that the commanders and other officers were to be received into the British service, at the same rates and regulations as the English ships of the same size, are at present: yet the commanders and others, from a spirit of revenge, which at present, in their unhappy disputes, are without bounds; and I suppose, with the hope of establishing the white flag at Martinique for the heirs of their unfortunate monarch, attacked the island of themselves, and report says, got cut to pieces: at least, a great number of lives are
lost, and set that terrible devastation on foot, of destroying property, and giving a bounty to Negroes, to destroy their masters and family.—Such is the present situation of the French in the windward West-India islands! How they are at St. Domingo, &c. you are better informed than we are."
Mr. William D. Peck, of Kittera, (N. H.) Mr. Oliver Everett, of Dorchester, (Mass.) Rev. James Freeman, of Boston; and the Hon. Fisher Ames, Esq. are elected members of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, in Massachusetts.
COMMUNICATIONS.
Calculating the probability of success to the Republic of France as connected with their paper money—the chance in their favor is nearly as fifty to one compared with the situation of the United States of America, when old Conti was at more than 100 for one.
Some recent Decrees of the National Convention of France bear a strong resemblance to the tender laws which took place in several of the States in this Union—particularly that which says that no addition to the specie price shall be demanded if the article is paid for in assignats—another which forces assignats into circulation.
Time and experience afford the only cure for many prejudices and errors, which oppose the progress of works of general utility—it is not to be wondered at that novel enterprises should excite suspicions in the minds of many persons in this young country, when it is well known that some of the most beneficial projects ever conceived by human ingenuity have been put in jeopardy by the misconceptions of uninformed persons in Europe.
Many instances in point might be mentioned.—The celebrated Arkwright's cotton mill was preserved from destruction by civil and military interposition. Experience however has wrought an astonishing alteration in the minds of the most sceptical—and the people have realized that private emolument may be combined with public and general benefit.
How many serious lessons are delivered by the tongue of experience, and enforced by the pen of inspiration.
"Put not your trust in Man, nor in the son of Man,"—appears of late to have extorted credit even from Infidels.
It is become a crime to doubt the infallibility of party—but it is a very great weakness to be strenuous in anticipating the mortifications of time and experience.
Finis coronat opus. Is the Bank, the Funding System, the Excise and Revenue of the Union to be annulled? O by no means, say the writers and holders forth against the administration of the government.—That would be very bad—What is done must not be undone. What end is to be obtained by the furious war waged against these measures of the national legislature? Not to repeal them, say the wranglers. Is it then merely to vent bad passions—to indulge rage and malice that this fruitless clamour is raised? Or is the pretence that they mean to respect what is done and established, a mere trick to lull the friends of order and public faith into a supine neglect? Are so many million calumnies invented and circulated and such unremitting industry exerted to get the power of the government into their hands in order to spare the obnoxious systems when they shall have them at mercy. Those who are weak enough to believe this deserve to take the consequences.
AN EPIGRAM.
Of Generals don't tell, me, of York, and such boys; Nor of Howe—though I mean not their laurels to taint; The General I'm sure that will make the most noise, If the war should go on—is GENERAL COMPLAINT.
(London paper.)
SHIP NEWS.
ARRIVED AT THE PORT OF PHILADELPHIA. Ship Diana, Kean, Cape-Francois Snow Alexander, Le Mair, New-Orleans True Love, Maxwell, Charleston Brig Fidelity, Hercourt, New Orleans Harmony, Dunphy, Port-au-Prince Perseverance, Stokes, Norfolk Betsey, Bird, Savannah Sloop Maria, Ratoon, Amboy Dolphin, Kenry, Virginia Thomas & Sally, Mitchell, do. Ranger, Willbur, N. York Gov. Bagie, Darrel, St. Martins Schr Mary, Croker, Boston Delaware, Davis, N. Carolina
PRICE OF STOCKS.
 per Cents, 17 3/4  3 per Cents, 9 1/8  Deferred, 10 1/2  Full shares Bank U. S. 7 per cent. adv. 
NOTICE.
THE STOCKHOLDERS in the SOCIETY for ESTABLISHING USEFUL MANUFACTURES, are requested to take notice, that the fourth and last payment is due, and must be made on or before the 13th day of July next, either to the Cashier of the United States Bank Office of Discount and Deposit at New-York—the Cashier of the Bank of New-York—the Cashier of the Bank of the United States in Philadelphia—or John Bayard, Esq. in the city of New-Brunswick, in the state of New-Jersey.—And that the shares of all persons neglecting to make such payment, and the monies by them previously paid, will then be forfeited for the common benefit of the said society.
That the subscriber is duly authorized to make the requisite indorsements upon the certificates of shares, and that books of transfer are opened at his office in Front-street.
NICHOLAS LOW. New-York, June 12, 1793. (epigr.3)

FROM THE COLUMBIAN CENTINEL
NATURAL HISTORY.
MR. RUSSELL,
MANY literary as well as political advantages have accrued to the United States, and to those of New-England more particularly, since the adoption of our present happy form of government. The various philosophical institutions, founded within a few years in this Commonwealth, have laid a broad foundation for improvement in science and arts. Among others, that of Natural History begins to flourish with us. The recently established Agricultural Society bids fair to amplify and spread this useful and delightful study. Botany, that beautiful hand maid of Physics, so much neglected by the ancients, has been successfully addressed by the Europeans, and from present appearances, will be as profitably pursued by their descendants, the Americans. We know that our vegetable kingdom is ample and interesting, and believe that the treasures hid in the earth are invaluable; but for want of persons skilled in Mineralogy, these recesses of curiosity, wealth and pleasure, have not been entered, and we remain dependent on foreign countries for riches that are actually under our feet. The celebrated Dr. Lettsome, of London, impressed with a sense of the advantages which would accrue to this country from searching the earth for ores, and other fossils, has generously lent a noble collection of minerals to our University, to serve as standard specimens. This collection will form the richest cabinet of minerals in the United States. It contains a great variety of specimens of iron ores found in England, Sweden, Denmark, Germany, and other places. As a great variety of copper ores, from different parts of the world. The same may be said of the specimens of lead and tin. To these are added the specimens of semi-metals, and others variously mixed and compounded. There is besides a fine collection of salts, and saline earths, from Transylvania, which would be considered very complete, in any cabinet in Europe. There are, moreover, a great number of spar, curious crystallizations and petrefactions, amounting in the whole to above 500 specimens.
This noble donation may be more extensively useful, than some would perhaps at first imagine. The importance of agriculture cannot be denied; but agriculture could not exist without mineralogy; for although it may be true, that every thing for the support of life is continued with unceasing circulation from the upper layer of earth, it is nevertheless as true, that from the bowels of it, labour draws all her tools, agriculture the chief of her support, commerce her riches, and the fine arts their materials.
The philosophers of Europe, expect much from us, in the department of Natural History, from a belief, that no country is so happily situated and circumstanced as America, for the promotion of that useful branch of science. One of the most celebrated philosophers in England, a character as eminently distinguished in the line of Natural History, as famous in that enterprising which fat bounds to navigation, and whose name with that of Cooke's will be remembered by future ages with grateful admiration, writes thus to one of our Cambridge Professors—"Nothing can give greater pleasure, to your fellow-labourers here, who cultivate the vineyard of science, than the assistant endeavors of their fellow-workmen in America. We were brethren before the commencement of the unnatural war, which made a separation between us—and I hope the men of science in both countries will be the first to renew the claims of consanguinity which have been for a while suspended; and regardless which might take the lead in promoting useful knowledge, join their hands heartily in aiding each other's progress. I hope you will be wise enough to adhere to the government, under which your community flourishes. May peace continue with you forever; and may harmony between you and us, be unbroken, whatever calamities Providence has in store for us."
NEW-YORK, June 7.
CITIZEN HAUTERIVE, Consul from the Republic of France, at New-York, having presented to the Governor of said State, an executor, under the seal of the United States, and signature of the President. The same is now published at the request of the said Consul, for the information of all whom it may concern.
New-York, June 6, 1793.
GEORGE WASHINGTON, PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA.
To all whom it may concern,
THE CITIZEN HAUTERIVE, having produced to me his commission as Consul from the Republic of France at New-York, I do hereby recognize him as such, and declare him free to exercise and enjoy such functions, powers, and privileges, as are allowed to Consuls of the French Republic by the laws, treaties, and conventions in that case made and provided.
In testimony whereof, I have caused these letters to be made patent, and the (L.S.) Seal of the United States to be hereunto affixed.
Given under my hand, the twenty-ninth day of May, in the year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and ninety-three, and of the Independence of the United States of America, the Seventh.
G. WASHINGTON.
By the President.
TH: JEFFERSON.
TO THE PUBLIC.
THE EDITOR proposes to continue the publication of the GAZETTE OF THE UNITED STATES, for instant circulation, after the first of December next, on the following terms, viz.
It shall be published on WEDNESDAYS and SATURDAYS, on paper of the Medium size—which is larger than the present.
The price, Three Dollars per annum, exclusive of postage.
Subscriptions to be received by the respective Post-Masters throughout the Union, or such other persons as may see proper to collect them.
The papers to be forwarded by post twice a week. No packets to contain less than six papers—and no subscriptions to be received for a less term than six months.—Payments to be constantly six months in advance.—Twenty per cent. deduction from the price of the GAZETTE, will be allowed to those who collect and forward the subscription money, free of expense, in full of all charges for their trouble in the business.
The publication will contain as usual, a variety of original essays—foreign and domestic intelligence, and a summary of the proceedings of the Legislature of the Union, &c. &c.—Attention will be paid to dispatching the papers with punctuality, and Subscribers may depend on receiving them as regularly, as the post arrives.
June 8.
FOR SALE, 1360 Acres of excellent FARMING or TOBACCO LANDS,
LYING in the county of Amherst, in the State of Virginia, on one of the principal branches of James River, within six miles of the latter, from whence it is navigable for boats of ten or twelve tons burthen.
Besides the advantages of these lands, for the farmer or cultivator of tobacco, they are supposed, from a small though successful experiment made by the late Col. Chiswell, to contain an abundance of metals, which, if not of a precious (as has been even supposed) are certainly of a very valuable kind. The better however to ascertain this fact, and place the purchaser on a safe footing, in so hazardous a business, as all those subterraneous researches, without the utmost certainty of an abundance of the desired ore, are supposed to be, every reasonable and necessary assistance or indulgence will be rendered those inclined to make the experiment, as well as every other necessary information given by the printer of this Gazette in Philadelphia, or JOHN NICHOLAS.
Charlotteville, Virginia.
Albany Glass-House.
The Proprietors of the Glass-Manufactory, under the Firm of
M'CLALLEN, M'GREGOR and Co.
BEG leave to inform the public, that they have now brought their WINDOW-GLASS to such perfection, as will be found, on comparison, to be equal, in quality, to the best London Crown Glass.
Having fixed their prices at a lower rate than imported Glass, they are induced to believe, that importations of this article will be discontinued, in proportion as their works are extended.—They propose to enlarge the scale of this business, and as the success of it will depend on the patriotic support of the public, they beg leave to solicit their friendly patronage in the pursuit of a branch which will interest every lover of AMERICAN MANUFACTURES.
All orders for WINDOW-GLASS, of any size, will be received at the Store of RHODES and M'GREGOR, No. 234, Queen-Street, New-York; and at the Glass Warehouse, No. 48, Market-Street, Albany, which will be punctually attended to.
WANTED, six smart active LADS, not exceeding 16 years of age, to be indentured as Apprentices, and regularly instructed in the various branches of Glass-Making.
Also, three Window-Glass Makers, to whom great encouragement will be given. May 1, 1793. ep12w
GENERAL POST-OFFICE, Philadelphia, May 27, 1793.
500 Dollars Reward.
WHEREAS a certain THOMAS SLOSS GANTT, has lately made his escape from Baltimore County Gaol, to which he was committed under a charge of having robbed the Eastern Mail, on the 28th day of January last: Notice is hereby given, that a reward of five hundred dollars will be paid at this Office, to any person or persons who shall apprehend the said Thomas Sloss Gantt, and deliver him into the custody of the keeper of the said Gaol, or into the custody of either of the Marshals within the United States, so that the said Thomas Sloss Gantt may be effectually secured, and forth coming to answer the above mentioned charge.
TIMOTHY PICKERING, Post-Master General.
The following is a description of the above-named THOMAS SLOSS GANTT: He is about six feet high, straight and well made, has light coloured hair, tied behind, fair complexion and has a down look when spoken to.
THE Post-Masters and other persons who may collect Subscriptions for the Gazette of the United States, on the terms proposed in the advertisement published in our last, are requested to forward their orders for the papers by the first of November next. Philadelphia, June 12.
STATE OF RHODE-ISLAND and PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS.
In General Assembly, May Session, A. D. 1793.
RESOLVED, That an Act passed by this Assembly at the Session in May, A. D. 1791, whereby Jabez Bowen, Esq. Commissioner of Loans, was requested not to loan any Notes of a certain description, issued by the General Treasurer of this State for Monies due to the Soldiers of the late Army, in consequence of their having been fraudulently obtained, and the said Commissioner was further requested to retain said Notes in his office until such future orders should be thereon made, as might consist with the principles of justice and equity, be, and the same is hereby repealed, so far as regards the detention of those Notes.
It is further resolved, That the General Treasurer advertise in all the newspapers in this State, and in the Gazette of the United States, a description of the Notes thus fraudulently obtained, with a caution to all persons not to purchase them.
List of Notes obtained from the Treasury Office by fraudulent Measures, to wit:
Table with 5 columns: When delivered, To whom payable, When payable, Amount of the Face. It lists various names and amounts of notes obtained fraudulently, categorized by date (Sept. 25, Oct. 14, Nov. 5, Dec. 2, Dec. 23).
IN OBEDIENCE to the above recited Act of the General Assembly, I do hereby caution all persons from receiving any of the above mentioned Notes, without the most plenary proof being made that they were obtained from the office by genuine documents from the soldiers
who performed the service, to whom the balances were found due, or from their legal representatives or attorneys.
HENRY SHERBURNE, General Treasurer.
Newport, May 14. 1793.
THE MEMBERS OF THE INSURANCE COMPANY OF NORTH AMERICA, Are desired to take Notice,
THAT the Constitution requires Payment of One Dollar on each Share, on the Second Monday (the 8th Day) of July next, on Penalty of Forfeiture of the Money already paid.
Such Stockholders as have not made their second Instalment, are informed, that Payment will be received at the Company's Office, No. 119, South Front-Street, either on or before the said Day, as they may find it most convenient.
EBENEZER HAZARD, Sec'y. June 8. 1793.
CIRCULAR LETTER, OF THE
HISTORICAL SOCIETY, Respectfully addressed to every Gentleman of Science in the Continent and Islands of America.
SIR, A SOCIETY has lately been instituted in this State, called the HISTORICAL SOCIETY; the professed design of which is, to collect, preserve and communicate, materials for a complete history of this country, and accounts of all valuable efforts of human ingenuity and industry, from the beginning of its settlement. In pursuance of this plan, they have already amassed a large quantity of books, pamphlets and manuscripts; and are still in search of more: A catalogue of which will be printed for the information of the public.
They have also encouraged the publication of a monthly pamphlet, in which is given the result of their enquiries, into the natural, political and ecclesiastical history of this country. It is requested that you would contribute to its value and importance, by attention to the articles annexed. The Society beg leave to depend on your obliging answer to these heads of inquiry, when leisure and opportunity will permit.
Your letters addressed, free of expense, to the subscriber, will be gratefully received, and duly noticed in the Society's publications; and you will have the satisfaction of contributing to the general flock of knowledge, with which they hope to entertain the public.
In the name, and by order of the Society, JEREMY BELKNAP, Corresponding Secretary, Boston, in Massachusetts, Nov. 1, 1792.
Articles on which the Society requests information.
1. The time when your town or city was incorporated; its Indian name; when the settlement began; whether it was interrupted, and by what means; to what Colony or County it was first annexed; and if there have been any alterations, what they are, and when made.
2. The exploits, labours and sufferings of the inhabitants in war; particular accounts of devastations, deaths, captivities and redemptions.
3. Divisions of your town or city in parishes and precincts, or the erection of new towns within the former limits.
4. Time of gathering churches of every denomination; names of the several Ministers; the times of their settlement, removal and death; and their age at the time of their death.
5. Biographical anecdotes of persons in your town, or within your knowledge, who have been remarkable for ingenuity, enterprise, literature, or any other valuable accomplishment; an account of their literary productions, and if possible, copies of them.
6. Topographical description of your town or county, and its vicinity; mountains, rivers, ponds, animals, vegetable production; remarkable falls, caverns, materials, stones, fossils, pigments, medicinal and poisonous substances, their uses and antidotes.
7. The former and present state of cultivation, and your thoughts on farther improvements, either in respect to agriculture, roads or canals.
8. Monuments and relics of the ancient Indians; number and present state of any remaining Indians among you.
9. Singular instances of longevity and fecundity from the first settlement to the present time.
10. Observations on the weather, diseases, and the influence of the climate, or of particular situations, employments and aliments, especially the effect of spirituous liquors on the human constitution.
11. Accurate bills of mortality, specifying ages and casualties, the proportion of births and deaths, and the increase or decrease of population.
12. Accounts of manufactures and fisheries, and thoughts on the farther improvement of them.
13. Modes of education, private or public; what encouragement is given to schools and colleges, and what is done to advance literature; whether you have a social library, what is the number of books, and of what value.
14. What remarkable events have befallen your state, county, town, or particular families or persons, at any time.
P.S. The Corresponding Members of this Society are requested to transmit to the Corresponding Secretary, any historical information of which they may be possessed, respecting any part of the American Continent and Islands, together with printed acts and journals of Assemblies and Conventions, whether civil or ecclesiastical. And the Society will gratefully receive from them and from all other persons whatever, any books, pamphlets, manuscripts, maps or plans which may be useful in forming an historical collection—and any natural or artificial productions which may enlarge the Museum.
The Library and Museum are deposited in an apartment of Faneuil Hall. Any person desirous of making a search among the books or manuscripts, many have access to them under such regulations, as may be known by applying to any one of the members.