Gazette of the United-States. (New-York [N.Y.]), 1793-06-01 00:00:00

Gazette of the United States.
A NATIONAL PAPER, PUBLISHED WEDNESDAYS AND SATURDAYS BY JOHN FENNO, No. 34, NORTH FIFTH-STREET, PHILADELPHIA.
[No. 105 of Vol. IV.]
SATURDAY, JUNE 1, 1793.
[Whole No. 427.]
STATE OF RHODE-ISLAND and PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS.
In General Assembly, May Session, A. D. 1793. RESOLVED , That an Act passed by this Assembly at the Session in May, A. D. 1791, whereby Jabez Bowen, Esq. Commissioner of Loans, was requested not to loan any Notes of a certain description, issued by the General Treasurer of this State for Monies due to the Soldiers of the late Army, in consequence of their having been fraudulently obtained, and the said Commissioner was further requested to retain said Notes in his office until such future orders should be thereon made, as might consist with the principles of justice and equity, be, and the same is hereby repealed, so far as regards the detention of those Notes.
It is further resolved, That the General Treasurer advertise in all the newspapers in this State, and in the Gazette of the United States, a description of the Notes thus fraudulently obtained, with a caution to all persons not to purchase them.
List of Notes obtained from the Treasury Office by fraudulent Measures, to wit: When delivered. To whom payable. When payable. Amount of the Face.
  Sept. 25. Shapley Champlin, on demand, 41 1 5   Prince Cafe do. 11 18 2   Stephen Charles do. 30 9 10   John Brown do. 12 1 4   Cæsar Cady do. 51 2 10   John Okey do. 43 19 11   Oct. 14. John Reed do. 31 4 0   John Horsley do. 29 0 6   William King do. 22 19 5   16. Prince Sayles do. 38 11 10   Bristol Arnold do. 38 9 6   Cæsar Rose do. 36 12 8   Cudge Champlin do. 40 11 10   Jack Greene do. 40 8 6   18. Joseph Tanner do. 43 7 10   Cato Vernon do. 20 2 3   Daniel Sharpe do. 22 11 0   Prince Randall do. 38 11 7   Joshua Dick do. 29 19 0   William Negro do. 29 5 5   23. Joseph Hall do. 39 12 0   Benjamin Sprague do. 30 10 6   Peter Harris do. 38 14 2   28. Stephen Aldrich do. 22 14 0   William Mac Call do. 35 8 2   Prince Childs do. 27 12 4   Leicester Wheeler do. 19 2 0   Pat Hackmet do. 25 14 8   Abraham Smith do. 24 14 8   John Thomas do. 41 10 2   Jack Warden do. 31 0 4   John Bristol do. 33 18 11   Benjamin Reed do. 32 4 8   Cato Bannister do. 27 2 7   Nathaniel Wicks do. 20 8 5   Benoni Hathaway do. 36 17 5   Evans Evans do. 28 7 2   Joseph Merry do. 32 8 7   Pero Greene do. 28 16 9   Nov. 5. Benoni Hunt do. 40 5 0   Cato Brown do. 37 5 7   Africa Burk do. 27 12 9   London Slocum do. 23 8 11   Jack Minthorn do. 27 2 9   19. Tibbet T. Hopkins do. 41 13 8   27. Jacob Ned do. 40 0 10   Boston Wilbour do. 42 7 10   Tony Phillips do. 27 3 0   Ebenezer Rogers do. 6 2 3   Robert Gorham do. 41 0 10   24. Robert Howland do. 39 3 9   James Singleton do. 21 15 0   James Cross do. 35 4 6   Cato Stanly do. 21 0 10   John George do. 19 19 6   John Crandal do. 77 12 2   Prince Power do. 19 4 9   Benedict Asron do. 75 10 8   Cæsar Sheldon do. 12 18 7   Cæsar Wofel do. 17 27 9   Scipio De Wolfe do. 19 12 10   Bristol Luther do. 18 2 3   John Hussey do. 28 11 5   Dec. 2. Benjamin Sweet do. 6 0 2   Silas Mawary do. 28 15 4   John Willson do. 9 0 4   6. James Mac Sparrow do. 28 16 3   11. Cato Bourse do. 6 10 2   Prime Gardner do. 7 11 3   Joseph Wilkey do. 18 4 8   Cornelius Driskill do. 18 4 8   Pero Finch do. 69 7 6   Dublin Briggs do. 17 4 8   Bridget Stake do. 19 16 11   Edward Easterbrooks do. 10 4 1   Cuff Arnold do. 5 10 6   Prime Clarke do. 53 16 6   John Mc Donnal do. 12 4 7   13. George Robbins do. 21 0 11   John Morris O'Brien do. 25 19 2   Prime Brown do. 41 17 11   Solomon Mathews do. 33 6 6   Jack Sison do. 40 7 8   Newport Greene do. 35 13 7   Ebenezer Cæsar do. 11 6 8   John Elliott do. 21 0 3   Reuben Thorp do. 23 0 2   Thomas Randall do. 24 11 2   Thomas Durfee do. 23 11 6   Daniel Hummon do. 29 0 5   Richard Hopkins do. 45 3 0   Henry Hazard do. 25 3 3   Leah Cole do. 0 4 11   Allen Southworth do. 18 19 3   Richard Allen do. 74 18 10 
  Dec. 23. William Chadsey, on demand, 13 9 0   Ichabod Simmons do. 4 1 1   John Brown do. 11 19 4   John Gavit do. 10 16 4   William Ackman do. 42 18 9   Jack Coddington do. 7 10 4   Cæsar Gardner do. 8 12 7   Toby Coyes do. 71 27 10   John Willson do. 63 15 5   25. John Gavit do. 66 6 1   John Garrison do. 57 15 3 
IN OBEDIENCE to the above recited Act of the General Assembly, I do hereby caution all persons from receiving any of the above-mentioned Notes, without the most plenary proof being made that they were obtained from the office by genuine documents from the soldiers who performed the service, to whom the balances were found due, or from their legal representatives or attorneys.
HENRY SHERBURNE, General-Treasurer.
Newport, May 14. 1793.
THIS DAY IS PUBLISHED, By Mathew Carey,
No. 118, Market-Street. EMBELISHED WITH A MAP of the present
SEAT OF WAR, No. 1, OF A NEW SYSTEM OF MODERN GEOGRAPHY: OR, A GEOGRAPHICAL, HISTORICAL, AND COMMERCIAL GRAMMAR; And Present State of the Several KINGDOMS OF THE WORLD.
CONTAINING  The figures, motions, and distances of the planets, according to the Newtonian system and the latest observations.  A general view of the earth considered as a planet; with several useful geographical definitions and problems.  The grand divisions of the globe into land and water, continents and islands.  The situation and extent of empires, kingdoms, states, provinces, and colonies.  Their climates, air, soil, vegetable productions, metals, minerals, natural curiosities, seas, rivers, bays, capes, promontories, and lakes.  The birds and beasts peculiar to each country.  Observations on the changes that have been any where observed upon the face of nature since the most early periods of history.  The history and origin of nations; their forms of government, religion, laws, revenues, taxes, naval and military strength.  The genius, manners, customs, and habits of the people.  Their language, learning, arts, sciences, manufactures, and commerce.  The chief cities, structures, ruins, and artificial curiosities.  The longitude, latitude, bearings, and distances of principal places from Philadelphia.  TO WHICH ARE ADDED  A GEOGRAPHICAL INDEX, with the Names, and places alphabetically arranged.  A TABLE of the Coins of all Nations, and their Value in ENGLISH MONEY.  A CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE of remarkable Events, from the Creation to the present Time. 
By WILLIAM GUTHRIE, Esq. The ASTRONOMICAL Part by JAMES FERGUSON, F. R. S. To which have been added, The late Discoveries of Dr. HERSCHEL, and other eminent ASTRONOMERS.
THE FIRST AMERICAN EDITION, CORRECTED, IMPROVED, AND GREATLY ENLARGED.
The publisher of this work, thankful for the patronage with which he has been honored, submits the present number to the inspection of his fellow-citizens, and lays before them
The terms of publication:  This geography shall be published in forty-eight weekly numbers, each containing twenty-four pages of letter press.  In the course of publication will be delivered the following maps:  The world.  Europe.  Sweden, Denmark, Norway, and Finland.  Russia.  Scotland.  England and Wales.  Ireland.  France.  Seven United Provinces.  Austrian and French Netherlands.  Germany.  Switzerland.  Poland.  Spain and Portugal.  Italy.  Turkey in Europe.  Asia.  China.  Hindustan.  Africa.  North America.  British America.  West-Indies.  South America.  Planisphere of the earth.  Country-roads round the north pole.  Discoveries made by Captains Cooke and Clerke.  New-Hampshire.  Massachusetts.  Connecticut.  Rhode-Island.  Vermont.  New-York.  New-Jersey.  Pennsylvania and Delaware.  Maryland.  Virginia.  North-Carolina.  South-Carolina.  Georgia.  The Sphere.  The Copernican system.    N. B. All the maps marked with stars are 
in this edition, exclusive of those in the London edition.
That no disappointment may arise from subscribers expecting what the publisher neither promises nor is able to perform, he gives this early and explicit notice, that of some of the States it will be impossible for him to give maps fully accurate, no late surveys having been made; and it is hardly necessary to observe, that it falls not within his plan to go to the expense of surveys. But in every instance; he will avail himself of the best materials extant: And such corrections and additions, as his utmost exertions can procure, shall be made.
III. The geography of the United States is undertaken by gentlemen of literary abilities, who have engaged to give a more full and satisfactory account of it than any ever published. It will extend to 250 or 300 pages, although in the British edition, and even in that of 1792, it makes only about 90.
IV. Should the work exceed forty-eight numbers, the surplus will be delivered gratis to the subscribers.
V. The price of each number will be a quarter dollar, to be paid on delivery.
VI. Such subscribers as do not choose to receive the work in numbers, are to pay three dollars at the time of subscribing.
The printer, anxious to render this work as perfect as the nature of it will allow, most earnestly requests, that such gentlemen, throughout the United States, as have it in their power, will furnish him with documents for correcting the past errors in the geography of America, and for furnishing a more complete system of geography than has yet appeared.
The title page, list of subscriber's names, with the account of the Newtonian system, &c. &c. will be given in the 47th and 48th numbers.
N. B. The subscribers, and the public in general are requested to consider the following very material circumstance—The London quarto edition is sold here, for fifteen dollars, although it contains only 25 maps and plates, and of the Geography of the United States, as has been observed above, only about 30 pages—whereas, Carey's edition will contain 42 maps and plates, and have two hundred pages of letter press more. And it need not be observed, that the seventeen maps to be added, are of more importance to Americans by far, than the 25 London ones. The observation will apply, with equal force to the letter press additions.
The maps will be published in such order of succession as they are engraved, and directions will be printed for the proper manner of placing them by the bookbinder.
May 18
GENERAL POST-OFFICE, Philadelphia, May 27, 1793.
500 Dollars Reward.
WHEREAS a certain THOMAS SLOSS GANTT, has lately made his escape from Baltimore County Gaol, to which he was committed, under a charge of having robbed the Eastern Mail, on the 28th day of January last: Notice is hereby given, that a reward of five hundred dollars will be paid at this Office, to any person or persons who shall apprehend the said Thomas Sloss Gantt, and deliver him into the custody of the keeper of the said Gaol, or into the custody of either of the Marshals within the United States, so that the said Thomas Sloss Gantt may be effectually secured, and forth coming to answer the above mentioned charge.
TIMOTHY PICKERING.
Post-Master General.
The following is a description of the above-named THOMAS SLOSS GANTT: He is about six feet high, stout and well made, has light coloured hair, tied behind, fair complexion and has a down look when spoken to.
Albany Glass-House.
The Proprietors of the Glass-Manufactory, under the Firm of
M C CLALLEN, M C GREGOR and Co.
BEG leave to inform the public, that they have now brought their WINDOW-GLASS to such perfection, as will be found, on comparison, to be equal, in quality, to the best London Crown Glass.
Having fixed their prices at a lower rate than imported Glass, they are induced to believe, that importations of this article will be discontinued, in proportion as their works are extended. They propose to enlarge the scale of this business, and as the success of it will depend, on the patriotic support of the public, they beg leave to solicit their friendly patronage in the pursuit of a branch which will interest every lover of AMERICAN MANUFACTURES.
All orders for WINDOW-GLASS, of any size, will be received at the Store of RHODES and MACGREGOR, No. 234, Queen-street, New-York, and at the Glass Warehouse, No. 48, Market-street, Albany, which will be punctually attended to.
WANTED, six smart active LADS, not exceeding 16 years of age, to be indentured as Apprentices, and regularly instructed in the various branches of Glass-Making.
Also, three Window-Glass Makers, to whom great encouragement will be given.
May 1, 1793. ep12w
T I C K E T S In the FEDERAL CITY LOTTERY, May be had at SAMUEL COOPER's Ferry.
FRANCE.
NATIONAL CONVENTION.
Monday, April 1.
THE minister of the marine gave the account of the measures which had been taken for the defence of the coasts of the insurgent departments—There were at that moment cruising on the coasts of the departments of Vendee, and the Lower Loire, eight frigates from 36 to 50 guns with eight smaller vessels.
The commissioners from Lisle, in a letter dated the 27th of March, gave an account that the city of Bruges had driven out its garrison, and put an embargo on the magazines. They required the generals to send to Bruges a considerable force.
Marat denounced the three hundred deputies who had joined to form a committee of public safety as conspirators, who were entirely under the influence of Brissot, Goudet, and Vernio.
La Source replied, that Marat was an impostor.
Cambaceroes, in the name of the committee of public safety, read a letter of Dumourier to the National Convention of the 12th, and another of the 28th of March, addressed to Bournonville, in which he gave an account of the retreat of the body of the army under the command of generals Neuilly and Ferrand, who, by the deletion of a great number of volunteers, were obliged to evacuate the city of Mons, during the night of the capitulation of general Maraffe, military commander of Anvers, who by that method, though not the most honorable, yet indispensably necessary, saved a body of 10,000 men. He added, that colonels St. Clair and Thouvenot were attacked without means of defence—that our military convoys were detained at Bruges—that he has sent forces in order to liberate those convoys; that he has given orders to garrison St. Omer, Cambrai, and all the places on the line from Dunkirk to Divet. In these letters Dumourier describes the army as in a state of the greatest disorder, and not having provisions for more than ten days: He says that the pretended successors of men from the departments of the North consist only of old men and children, who, so far from being useful, serve only to increase the confusion and consume the provisions. He declares, that if order and discipline be not restored—that if fifty authorities, each more absurd than the other, continue to direct all political and military operations, France is lost; he declares, that he, with a small number of brave men, would bury themselves under the ruins of their country. He affirms, that it is impossible for him to stop the progress of the enemy who, without amusing themselves with sieges, may, with an army of 20,000 cavalry, lay waste and reduce to ashes all that part of the country which is in the neighbourhood of Paris. Dumourier concludes this melancholy state of the representation of affairs with bestowing eulogiums on the clemency and moderation of the Austrians which were entitled to the more praise, as from the example of cruelty and outrage which the French had exhibited, a very different conduct on their part might have been expected. I says he, have always affirmed, and I repeat, that a republic can only be founded on virtue, and that freedom can be maintained only by order and wisdom.
Cambaceroes, after having read these letters of Dumourier, gave an account of the proceedings of the commissioners of the executive power. Arrived at Valenciennes, they learned that general Dumourier was at Tournay. They repaired thither, and found him with Madame Sillery, with Pamela, Egalite, and Valence.—He was surrounded with deputations from the district of Cambrai. The
[See last page.]

Foreign Intelligence.
LONDON, April 8.
Counter-Revolution in France.
WE are happy in being able to state, that the important intelligence which we communicated to the public on Saturday, is confirmed by numerous dispatches since received.
The accounts of the different defeats experienced by the French army, which reached Paris almost daily, produced the most general consternation among all ranks of people. Among the members of the Convention in particular, the alarm was very great. Different members denounced Gen. Dumourier as a base traitor, who, preferring gold to the love of his country, had received bribes from their enemies: as an ambitious villain who, under the mask of patriotism, had used every artifice to attach the army to himself, to seduce the soldiers of the Republic from the duty they owed to their country; and to destroy those in battle, whom he could not corrupt by his flatteries.
Different letters from Gen. Dumourier, and conversations which he had held with the Commissioners in Belgium, in which he plainly told them the present form of government could not be maintained, were produced in support of these charges, in which it was alleged he offered the grossest insult to the Convention, the Representatives and defenders of the sovereignty of the People, by taking upon him the office of Legislator; dictating to them the conduct they should follow; censuring the laws which they had passed, in the name of the sovereign people, particularly the Decree of the 15th December, and subsequent laws respecting the organization of government in those countries, which had been freed from the yoke of tyrants, and restored to their Rights as Men; and stigmatizing the members of the Convention who had been sent by them, and acted by their authority in Belgium, as thieves and robbers—thereby impressing the people among whom they were, with sentiments respecting the views and motives of the Convention very foreign to those by which they were actuated.
The disasters which had befallen the French army, the causes which operated to give the enemy the advantage, and the dismissal of the Sans Culottes, whom they stiled Patriots, whom Dumourier could not corrupt, and had therefore disbanded, were all urged as proofs of his guilt.
Dumourier, in the mean time, had arranged matters with some of his officers, and carried his army back into France, where he soon received intimation from his friends of the plots laid to ruin him. A decree ordering him to appear at the bar, was carried against him in the Convention, and Beurnonville, with five of its members, accompanied by a secretary, were ordered to bring him a prisoner to Paris.
Of this he was informed before the Commissioners reached his army, and took measures accordingly.
It was the opinion of his friends, that, even independently of the intelligence he had received, the Convention, as a body, had shown an imbecility and weakness, on almost every occasion, that proved them altogether unqualified to legislate for France, which they had brought to the brink of destruction. It was agreed that means should be followed, to impress the army with proper sentiments respecting the conduct of the Convention, in numerous instances, and particularly towards their General, who had shared every danger with them, whose valour they had all witnessed, and whose good conduct alone had preserved them from entire destruction, and enabled them to make a good retreat from a country which had received them as friends and brothers, but which had become their enemy by the unjust exactions levied by order of the Convention, and the constraints put upon their freedom, after the honor of the French Nation had been pledged that they should be left at free liberty to chuse their own form of government.
The army, by the readiness with which they agreed to support their General, showed, that before it was proposed, they were, almost to a man, inclined to put an end to the tyranny of the Convention. Want of individual confidence alone had prevented them from proclaiming their sentiments to each other before.
We have not room to give a long detail of the subsequent business. Suffice it for the present to state, that the general voice was for restoring, with a few modifications, the Constitution decreed by the first or Constituent Assembly, viz. a limited Monarchy. It is even believed, that some of the Commissioners themselves approved of the measure.
When the Commissioners, on the first of April, reached the Army, they were put under arrest, and sent next day with an escort to the Austrian army, as prisoners of war, and hostages for the safety of the Royal Family.
In the letter which Dumourier sent with them to General Clairfayt, he calls the Dauphin the young King, and offers some of the frontier towns as a security that he would perform the promise he had made, to overthrow the Convention, and restore a Monarchical Government. The Commissioners are now safely lodged in the Citadel of Antwerp.
The French army has mounted the White Cockade, and dispatches from the Duke of York, and Sir James Murray, confirm the intelligence that Dumourier has set out for Paris.
A suspension of hostilities between the Austrian and French armies has taken place.
United States.
ALBANY, May 20.
The spirited and enterprising Mahlon Taylor, Esq. of Troy, has formed a CANAL from the North-river to his new saw-mill, rising of a quarter of a mile in length, with two locks. This undertaking he commenced, prosecuted and completed, contrary to the advice of his friends, who joined in the public opinion, that the project was visionary, would cost a very large sum of money, and never answer the purpose intended. But mark the sequel—the canal is completed, with much less expense than calculated, and in half the time allotted—the most sanguine expectations of the projector and proprietor are realized—and it is beheld with admiration.—300 saw logs are, with the greatest ease, conveyed from the river to the mill in a day, by two hands—and we are assured by Mr. Taylor that, for the expense it has cost him, he would not be without it one season.
It gives us the most singular pleasure to observe, the great number of sprightly robust young men, who daily arrive in this city, and immediately file off to join the different canal companies, which have already commenced business, with every appearance that the most promising success will attend this noble undertaking.
Extract of a letter from the President of the Northern Inland Lock-Navigation, on Saturday last, Esq. dated at Half-moon, on Saturday last.
The carpenters and labourers are already in good and comfortable barracks—behave well, and I believe will soon become expert in the work assigned them. Difficulties are daily vanishing, and I am very sure that the estimate in the report of the last year's committee, for completing the canal from Stillwater to Waterford, will be amply sufficient for the purpose; and that the work will progress with celerity, if the number of men we relied upon arrive. We have now about 130 here, and I am just advised, that two companies will arrive to day; and when people see that the men are regularly paid, comfortably lodged, well supplied and well treated, I doubt not but very considerable numbers will from time to time reinforce us."
WINDHAM, (Con.) May 18.
Mr. John Fuller, of Wilmington, has this present season, begun, and completed the setting out of 1200 rock or sugar maples on his farm, at the distance of 15 feet from tree to tree, all in handsome order, and on a moist side-hill. Should this laudable example be followed by the farmers in general throughout this State, no doubt we may in a short time, be able to bid defiance to the West-India planters to extort either money or provisions from us for their sugars.
Mr. Fuller, for the small sum of 30s. has an insurance of all the above mentioned trees; and those that may happen to die, are to be replaced from time to time, till there shall be 1200 living trees standing and growing on his farm.
STOCKBRIDGE, May 21.
In whatever society the citizens of all descriptions are secured against punishment so long as they remain innocent—where ample redress is provided for every injury—where no man, however distinguished by rank or fortune, can oppress his neighbor, or violate the laws with impunity, and where the government keeps good faith with all its citizens; the political institutions of that country have arrived at the point of perfection. Think of this Americans! Be grateful for your lot, and transmit to posterity the glorious inheritance you have purchased for them!
While war, tyranny, oppression, or anarchy, are desolating or afflicting every civilized country excepting America; we by the beneficence of a gracious Providence, are in the possession of peace, plenty, good government, and all the freedom which can be enjoyed consistent with that protection and security which are the most beneficial purposes of political association. Every generous mind, that wishes these blessings may be perpetuated; that liberty may be defended by government, and government supported on principles of liberty, will cheerfully contribute to the means of education. It is a truth which ought to be deeply impressed on every American mind, that rational freedom can securely rest on no foundation, but virtue and intelligence.
PROVIDENCE, May 18.
Thomas Moore, Esquire, his Britannic Majesty's Consul for this State, with his lady and daughter, arrived here on Monday evening last, and on Tuesday proceeded to Newport.
BALTIMORE, May 23.
Sunday evening last arrived here the schooner Sans Culotte, (a French privateer) commanded by J. B. A. Frey, who left Charleston the 25th of April, and on the 29th took the schooner Eunice, of New-Providence bound to Philadelphia. On the 5th of May chased a Bermudian sloop on shore, on Curratuck beach. On the 6th took the brig Fanny, of London, from Jamaica, and sent her to Philadelphia; the same day, in the afternoon, took the schooner John, of New Providence, Capt. Richardson. On the 13th took the sloop Spry, Capt. Brown, from Norfolk, bound to New-Providence; and on the 22d, in the morning, spied 4 English vessels, the Joseph, Fanny, Hero, and a barque, about 20 leagues off our Capes, and about 11, A. M. came up with them, when an engagement ensued, the Sans Culotte being in the midst, during which the Joseph (being to windward) hove her main-top-sail to the mast, and got all her guns to bear upon the Sans Culotte, with an intention
to discharge and run her down. After an engagement of five glasses, the Joseph of Appledore, from Norfolk bound to Cadiz, loaded with wheat, struck, which they brought with them into this port. The Captain of the Joseph, during the engagement, lost both of his hands, and a ball went through the thick part of his right thigh. The mate also was wounded in the hand. During the engagement a squall came on, which obliged the Sans Culotte to leave the Fanny, Hero, and the barque, to take care of her prize; and on finding the Captain dangerously wounded, actuated by principles of humanity, gave him every assistance in their power. The Sans Culotte had but 20 men, including officers, on board, when she took the Joseph, three of whom were wounded.
On Saturday last arrived here the Martha and Mary, Captain Tobias Stanbury, from St. Eustatia, by whom we learn, that at Martinique, a party of planters had armed their negroes, and were determined to oppose Gen. Rochambeau, who was in possession of all the forts and the town of Pierre; Rochambeau was to march against the planters after Capt. Stanbury left St. Eustatia. Guadalupe was strongly fortified, and General Colot was well equipped, and determined to make vigorous resistance against the enemies of the French Republic, should they attack it.
The duties on American vessels were lowered 1 per cent. import, and 1 per cent. export—and every encouragement given American vessels to bring produce.
For the GAZETTE of the UNITED STATES.
ON FOREIGN LOANS.
SOME over-refining persons censure the government for borrowing money in foreign countries. They admit that there is a large saving by getting it at a very low interest—but they dislike the sending money out of the country to pay the principal and interest. If the rate of interest is high in this country, it should be noticed that we have the capital borrowed abroad to be employed at a better rate in trade or manufactures than the interest it bears.
But the test of the objection to foreign loans will be, to suppose the loans made in this country. Restrain the government by law to borrowing in America—what is the consequence? First, you throw the government into the bands of the money-holders, and as the law removes all rivals, they will have the plucking of the treasury entirely to themselves. Had such a scheme been proposed, we should have heard an uncommon peal about speculators, and jobs, and favoritism. But in the next point, the mischief of confining government to domestic loans would injure the merchants, manufacturers and farmers. For this violent drawing of the monied capital to the treasury to lend it to government, would drain the channels which it filled before. Instead of buying land, improving farms, dyking and draining marshes, making canals and roads, engaging in manufactures and trading enterprises, the means of giving success to these will be engrossed by the government loans. It is not denied that this country, compared with England and Holland, is deficient in monied capital—If the government will not give better terms than a man can make by his own management of his capital, he will refuse to lend—and if the government should comply with the terms, it is plain that he will give up other less profitable employment of his money to lend it. Foreign loans are therefore forced upon almost every government—otherwise the people would suffer a loss in the rate of interest—greater taxes to pay the increased interest—and a disturbance in the value of money, which ought to be the standard to measure all other articles by—a sinking of the price of land, and a suspension of enterprise and employment, which would on fair computation make a considerable loan negotiated in our own country, twice as burdensome, and in fact twice as great a drain on the wealth of the people as an Amsterdam or Antwerp loan. However it may be seen proper to attack the wisdom and purity of the conduct of government, the public will not be at a loss to decide that its interests have been faithfully provided for in the case alluded to. B.
Philadelphia, June 1.
A Paris paper, entitled, "Le Moniteur Universel," of the second of April, contains the proceedings of the conferences of the civil commissioners with Gen. Dumourier, as stated in substance in the last page of this paper. These commissioners were Citizens Proly, Peccy, and Dubuisson . It does not appear that they were specially deputed, but had been some time previous to the interview, with the army. Generals Valence, Montjoye, and Egalite , were present; and it appears from the detail, that while Proly was particularly engaged with Dumourier, the two others entered into conversation with Valence and Montjoye . These spoke with great vehemence against the revolutionary tribunal; they said that the Convention had no right to compel them to obey laws to which they had not consented.
Last Tuesday arrived at New-York the ship Hunter , Capt. Olmstead, in 5 months from Canton. It is said that 200 tons of this ship's cargo is of sugar, the rest of teas, nankeens, &c. Capt. Potter, arrived at New-York the 28th ult. from St. Kitts, informs, that he spoke an English 74, and a privateer brig, who informed him, that Martinico was taken by the British.
Josiah O. Hoffman, John D. Lacey, William Wilcocks, James Watson, Richard Farnam, Joshua Post, and Robert Boyd, are elected Representatives in the State Legislature for the city and county of New-York.
Captain Paul, master of the American vessel, the Amiable , on a late occasion, showed the kindest attention to the crew of a French ship, on the point of perishing, and preserved from destruction a number of citizens, of which the French Republic stands in need more than ever, since her enemies have increased upon her from every quarter.
This generous action was long unknown to the representatives of the nation, who are nevertheless at all times attentive to the reward of virtue; the Convention has therefore passed a decree, charging Citizen Genet, minister of the French republic to the United States, to return thanks, in the name of the French nation to Captain Paul and his crew, for the generous attention shown to their French citizens. The satisfaction they must feel in having saved the lives of these unfortunate men, in the hour of extremity of distress, cannot be otherwise than highly increased, when they come to be acquainted with the sentiments of the French nation on the subject.
Citizen Genet, being ignorant of the place of Captain Paul's residence, takes this method, of a public newspaper, to request information of the same, that it may be in his power to discharge the agreeable duty assigned him by a decree of the National Convention. [Capt. Paul is arrived in this port since our receiving the above.] Nat. Gaz.
Late accounts from Europe speak confidently of peace.
Extract of a letter from Maryland. "The general sentiment excited here by the events in Europe, I believe to be in favor of neutrality as qualified by treaty. The love of the French cause, and the wish for their success in the establishment of their republic, which are sincere, do by no means blind the public eye to the charms and the profits immediate and remote of neutrality."
"This sort of loving is pretty much the sort which actuates friendships in general, and ends in good wishes, when to act would hazard ease and safety."
"Should party names however excite dissensions, a fever may be raised which might not favor of neutrality in its effects. It is therefore of consequence to stir as wide of old animosities in modern dress as possible."
Extract of a letter from a gentleman at Baltimore, dated the 26th inst. to a gentleman in this city.
"I arrived here after a passage of 14 days from St. Eustatia. Tobago was taken by the English when their fleet arrived; it was expected they would attack Martinico and Guadalupe, and I believe those Islands are now in their possession. There may now be less disorder and bloodshed—for, during the four months I spent there, I was witness to very cruel scenes. I am glad to be far from them; no other person could obtain a congee to leave the islands at that critical moment."
Extract of a letter from Boston, dated May 21, 1793.
"We are so absorbed in politics here, that one can scarcely snatch an instant to light the torch at the altar of friendship.—Our old restless demagogues, who wish to keep the world forever in boiling water, but who do no much wish by the way to be in danger of scalding, are continually humming the old tune as if the freest people upon earth were in conspiracy against their own liberty.—Themen pretend to be friends to peace and neutrality, but are clamorous for measures which would plunge us in war.—But all steady men oppose them. For my part, I respect the principles of the French revolution—they are rooted in the good of mankind, and will, properly cultivated bring forth much fruit but the conduct of their present rulers is disgracefully erroneous—they have in my opinion swerved from all and every of their fundamental maxims, as expressed in their old, as even the new bill of rights.—But whatever the issue may be, as respects their present system the sober sense of France must be gainers. Our demonstrators are in favor of plunging us in a war on account of France, of course they are opposed to Britain.—Here I disagree with them also.—It is my opinion that in a few years Great-Britain will be the firm friend and ally of the United States. They have already experienced our valour, and they respect us as a nation.—We are united by language, by policy, by habits, by religion and consanguinity—and a union thus original cemented must, notwithstanding it may be broken, like the parts of the adder, contact and re-unite.—It is said that when friends fall out, it serves to strengthen friendship—may be applied as well to political as to natural friends, and when the heat of the hour controversy is abated and over, and the prejudice of ignorant or narrow minds is done away, we shall, each one, see its interest the alliance.—I have predicted—but thou must be the interpreter."
"As to the opinion now propagated, no good purpose I fear, that the liberties of this country are involved in the issue of European quarrels, it appears to me monstrous and absurd—there is nothing plainer than that it is and must be for the interest of the powers of the eastern hemisphere, whether free or despotic, to cultivate a good understanding with the United States of America."
KINGSTON (Jamaica) April 3.
The five French passengers that arrive the schooner Esperance , on Monday evening surrendered themselves on board the flag and report themselves to be Monsieur Be Capt. general and commander in chief of national guard at Port-au-Prince, two of aides de camp, a Capt. in the national guard and an inhabitant of the town. On their arrival in Kingston they expressed a wish immediately conducted to his honour Lieut. Governor, having some important particulars to communicate, and yesterday morning set off for Spanish town.

On Tuesday the 27th ult. Citizen Bompard, commander of the l'Embuscade, gave a dinner to the Governor of Pennsylvania, the Minister of the French Republic, and some other citizens, on board the Frigate. After dinner several songs suited to the occasion, were sung with great effect, and the following toasts drank:
 1. The American and French Republic—May they forever be united! (a salute of 21 guns.)  2. The President of the United States.  3. The Rights of Man—may they become universal law.  4. The Republican Fair.  5. The Frigate l'Embuscade—(a volunteer by the Governor of Pennsylvania.) 
As the American citizens were preparing to leave the frigate, citizen Dupont, the boatswain, addressed them in the name of his messmates, in a speech replete with patriotic sentiments, expressed with feeling. The Governor made an apposite reply.
The company having taken their leave of citizen Bompard, the Minister repaired on board the ship Amiable, Capt. Paul, and returned him thanks in the name of the representatives of the French nation, for his generous exertions in saving the crew of the French ship La belle Creole.
Capt. Paul received the Minister with cordiality, and citizen Gener, as he left the vessel, was saluted with several hearty cheers from the crew of the Amiable, and the American citizens who were assembled in great numbers on the wharf.
Third street, 30th May, 1793.
HIS Britannic Majesty's Consul-General for the middle and southern States of America, anxious to manifest his regard for the public peace of this city, and his respect for the Laws and Constitution of the United States, recommends, most earnestly, to the British Seamen in the port of Philadelphia, and to all others, his Majesty's subjects, to conduct themselves with the greatest moderation and good order.
Such conduct will best entitle them to the protection of the laws. If injuries should be received, by any of the subjects of the Crown, they are to seek redress through the medium pointed out by the Constitution of the United States: in endeavouring to obtain that redress, the Consul-General shall ever consider it as an indispensable duty, on his part, to afford the utmost assistance and protection.
The remarks in the following short extract, are recommended to the consideration of the System-mongers of the present day.
IT is justly observed by Lord BACON, that "instead of endeavoring to erect new constitutions, the wisdom of nations may be found to consist in communicating the utmost degree of perfection to those under which they have hitherto existed." This is in exact conformity to the doctrine of gradation in all progressive improvement, and which seems, indeed, to be the economy of nature and divine providence. As there are various seeds profusely scattered over the external face of nature, so there are various sources of political societies—and as the husbandman only pretends to cultivate, not to create the seed of vegetables, so, in like manner, it is for the interest of human societies, that statesmen, instead of forming at once the very stamina or essence of new governments, by a process sudden and violent, should make the most of the old in the mean time, and assimilate them, according to the general economy of nature, by slow degrees, to the most approved forms that even metaphysics can devise.
Capt. Rich, of the brig Jare, in 23 days from Kingston, informs, that when he left that port, about thirty French prizes were brought in there, some of them very rich.
The Militia of New-Jersey, agreeable to late returns, amount to 29,077, between the ages of 18 and 45. The companies in uniform, included in this number, are 14 of artillery, 21 of horse, 11 of grenadiers, and 26 of infantry.
A late writer on the subject of Kings, in order to show the pernicious consequences resulting from the Jewish predilection in their favor, quotes the celebrated description of Kings given in scripture by the Prophet Samuel—On which, a writer in the Delaware Gazette makes the following remarks:
The passage relates entirely to the Jews preferring a kingly government to theocracy; that is, to their chusing rather to be governed by despotic monarchs, than by men of God's own immediate appointment, and under the guidance of his unerring wisdom. This foolish and ungrateful stupidity of the Jewish nation, well deserved the variety of oppression with which the Lord threatened them by his servant Samuel. But how do these threats apply to other kingly governments? to the British, for instance, or to the French government, as established by the constituent assembly? should the people of France insist upon a constitutional King, as the only measure calculated to put a period to their calamities, would the denunciations of the Prophet be applicable to that nation, unless it first be proved and granted, that the National Convention are acting under the immediate direction of heaven, and that the spirit of Samuel animates the breath of a Marat, a Roberspierre, and other leaders of that body?
The following sentiments are extracted from the observations of the same writer.
"From whatever political source human misery proceeds, that source must be hateful to every honest mind, whether it takes its rise from the foot of the throne, or the tribune of popular assembly governments, men must be judged by their fruits. Those of our American Constitution are abundant and delicious. They stand in no need of royal sunshine to mature them. When the benefits of the French Republic shall be equally conspicuous, it will then be time enough, amidst the blaze of human happiness, to forget, if possible, the dark and dismal scenes of its history, which at present, must afflict every person of feeling."
"The love of the species is implanted in the mind by nature: in this case, instinct is assisted by a sense of duty to seek the happiness of it; and our enquiries, at length discover, that nothing can produce this happiness, but public liberty: Then to procure this, being the means of gratifying the noblest of its innate passions, we see what it is that has drawn heroic minds, through all ages, from Moses to Washington, to declare themselves such unwearied advocates for the common rights of Mankind. The love of the human species, therefore, being the only solid foundation of public liberty and political equality, should be cultivated by every means and inducement that human wisdom can devise. Instead of shedding the cold mildews of insensibility over the finest feelings of the heart, let it be the study of American Patriots to preserve them vigorous and lively, while we feel for human wretchedness, she shall never occasion it: By sighing over the crimes of other nations, we shall venerate more devoutly the reign of laws in our own. Universal liberty in every State should beget universal benevolence, or it fails in a duty essential to so glorious a parent. May America, guided by moderation and wisdom, like the mighty eagle, unmoved amidst the storms of contending nations, renew incessantly her immortal youth, and purge her opening light at the unobstructed beams of our benign meridian Sun, even while the ill affected birds of night, would with their envious hootings, prognosticate an approach of darkness and decay."
COMMUNICATIONS.
There are persons among us who pretend to be friends to the neutrality of the United States in the present war among the powers of Europe, while at the same time they vent the most unqualified abuse against the supreme executive of the Union, and the great body of the mercantile interest, for adopting, pursuing, and approving of measures calculated to ensure the great object of peace, and securing to the country the immense advantages arising from our peculiarly fortunate situation.
Certain declaimers profess to be great friends to the agricultural interest of the United States, while they take the most effectual measures to depress it—attempts to involve our domestic concerns in confusion, by embarrassing the operations of the government—and to entangle us in a war which would reduce our produce to less than one half its present value—are the only evidences of patriotism exhibited by these persons.
The revilers of the present government of the United States, profess to venerate the Congress of '76—and yet they are constantly counteracting the principles on which the people at that period, assumed the rank of an independent nation.
Some writers, while they assume the appellation of the Friends of Liberty, at the same time consider the security of the invaluable blessing under laws enacted by the people, as a state of servitude—hence the constant reference to the times of anarchy and confusion, and the frequent eulogiums on them, as the most flourishing periods in the history of our country!
Banks are engines of tyranny and corruption, say our pure immaculate holders forth against Congress. The same set very consistently patronize the establishment of more banks under the charter of the state legislatures. The mischief lies altogether in their being established by Congress. Thus it is that monied corporations are dreadful evils—Therefore, say they, let us have more of them.
No opinion can be more unfounded than that manufactures are injurious to agriculture.—It has been attempted, without much success however, to raise a jealousy against Congress, because the impost laws encourage
our own workmen by charging a duty on foreign fabrics—That duty is in effect a bounty.—The proposition that Congress should further encourage the introduction of new branches of manufactures, and the extension of those already established, by giving small sums by way of bounties, has been made a formidable scarecrow. The yeomanry of the United States have been addressed in the most vehement style, and with every insidious art of misrepresentation to make them afraid of their interests being sacrificed to the manufacturers—Facts however bear down this childish sophistry—The lands, and houses, and implements of husbandry are not taxed—and it appears to be the desire of the government to abstain from such taxes, until some great occasion shall compel their being laid—Examples are better than long winded arguments to illustrate the direct advantage derived to the farmers from the encouragement of manufactures—Beer and Porter cannot be imported from foreign countries without paying high duties—Consequently, home made malt liquors are used in an increased proportion. To prove the advantage to the yeomanry in this instance, take a fact—many of the like kind can be produced—A cargo of Barley has been sold in this port for 9f. currency a bushel. Quere—Would it be for the interest of the growers of barley to abolish the duty on imported malt liquors?
The writers of government have complained of being deemed its enemies—while they suspect it of all evil designs, and charge all manner of corruption and profligacy on the administration, they ought to be its enemies.—Unless they admit that they are not foes to vice—Yet after having drawn, as they pretend to the life, the most horrible pictures of government, they tell us they are the true and only friends of the constitution. Thus it is said that a Russian bridegroom gives his wife a good d—ubbing to shew his ardent love and tenderness. These good friends of the constitution say to government, as the school boys often say to each other in joke—do not be afraid, we will stand by you till every bone in your skin is broke, but one, and that we will break ourselves.
The last accounts from London, say that the Treaty of Commerce with Russia is renewed. One of the Liverpool banks it is said stopped payment for two millions of money.
Gen. ALEXANDER MCGILLIVRAY died lately at Pensacola—It is said he is succeeded by Galphin.
The "General Advertiser" of Wednesday, gives a very disagreeable account of the conduct of the Spanish government, in banishing Frenchmen from that kingdom, with circumstances of great rigor and cruelty—21 French passengers arrived here in the ship Enterprize last Tuesday, from Cadiz. The "American Daily Advertiser" of Thursday, says, "it is conjectured that those Frenchmen who were obliged to take sanctuary on board the Enterprize, had omitted complying with some formalities, or had not satisfied the officers of government."
Mr Herschel is now said, by the aid of his powerful glasses, to have reduced to a certainty, the opinion that the moon is inhabited. He has discovered land and water, and is enabled to distinguish between the green and barren mountainous spots on the former, which, as with us, are subdivided by the sea. Within these few days he has distinguished a large edifice, apparently of greater magnitude than St. Paul's; and he is confident of shortly being able to give an account of the inhabitants.
London paper.
A correspondent, in a Providence paper, begs leave, with all due submission, to enquire, whether the French National Convention have a right to empower their Officers to sit and commission privateers in our ports; also, whether they have likewise power to establish Courts for the trial of property.—We have a Supreme Court—we have Circuit Courts—we have district Courts—we have State Superior Courts—and Courts of Common Pleas—besides, Justices Courts innumerable—If all these are insufficient, in the name of goodness, let Congress or our State Legislatures, establish more—but I can't conceive, that it is necessary or proper for the National Convention of France, or any of their officers, to undertake the business.
From the New York Daily Advertiser of 29th ult.
Yesterday afternoon arrived the ship Hazard, of Wiscasset, in 43 days from Liverpool; she brings no news of any consequence, farther than we had from London of the 11th of April.—Privateers are still fitting out in the different ports of England, although it is generally believed that peace is near at hand, as the present French National Convention, in all probability, cannot long govern, they having entirely lost the confidence of the people, and famine and the sword surround them in every direction.—Dumourier and his army have declared in favor of a regal government, and are undoubtedly on their march to Paris.
RUMOUR.
THE news about France, Leads us a comical dance; Rumour, that excentric hag, Caps up and down, zig zag; Now the French are all in a bog, Now the Mynheers are all in a fog; Now Dumourier is cutting up the Prussians, Now Catherine uncensens her Russians; Now Cobourg is hewing down whole ranks, Now Frederick is crossing the Rhine's banks; Now Custine cuts ten thousand to pieces, Nor leaves a single man to tell the news; Ev'n Frederick is caught without his shoes, And Brunswick's Duke all proclamations cease. And now another tune the beldam chimed, Dumourier turns tail; Seductive arts prevail— And Freedom drops a tear at mighty crimes.
Extract of a letter from Brest, dated April 6, 1793, via Cape-Francois.
Citizen Friend,
"I lay hold of the opportunity of the frigate la Concorde sailing for the Cape, to inform you of what happens in France. You have seen the war in the Colonies; we are almost in the same crisis. The same monsters which fomented the war in St. Domingo, have fomented it in France. The country has revolted against us; and the country people act like the negroes, only they are less reasonable. The refractory priests have inspired them with such a degree of fanaticism, that they believe they shall go to heaven immediately in case they should be killed. The country here has been subdued; but a number of these unfortunate people were killed before they could be brought to reason, and we have likewise lost a number of brave patriots.
"The evil is much greater at Nantes: The city is besieged by more than 40,000 country people, having emigrated noblemen and refractory priests at their head. They are constantly fighting. The Patriots of Nantes have made great havoc amongst these unhappy people, but this does not deter them; we likewise have lost a great number of good patriots. All the mails are intercepted. In short, we are at war with all nations, and civil war rages in our own bosom, which is worse than all the combined powers; besides we are surrounded with traitors: But let it be as it will, I hope we shall conquer them all, and that Liberty will triumph.
"A number of municipalities and districts have been massacred—and many of the citizens' houses and castles of the patriots have been pillaged and burnt, particularly in the department of Vendee in Poitou. We have a cruel war, but we will sustain it. I am at present at Brest, in order to send troops to Martinique.
"A fleet is to cruise on the coasts of Poitou in order to prevent a descent.
"Normontiers, Bourgneuf, Machecoul, St. Nazaire, Croisic, Guérande, Montoir, &c. have been taken by the emigrants. The citizens of Nantes have retaken St. Nazaire and Croisic; in the last named place upwards of 200 emigrants were killed at one discharge.
"The patriots were surprised through the want of attention of the administrative bodies, or as I rather think, betrayed. They have now began to drive off these villains, for so they may be justly called. The Guillotine is constantly a going—a great many heads are cut off every day. This is horrid. The war will be terrible this summer,— Farewell.
"I have nothing good to tell you; of the bad we have enough, but nevertheless I hope we shall conquer. I wish you more tranquility than we have.
"Just now peace is made with Hamburgh, and orders have been given to restore the vessels taken from them. Sweden, Denmark and the United States are at peace with us; this is all."
Married, at Goshen, by the Rev. Nathan Ker, JONATHAN BURNAL, Esq. of New York, to Miss FRANCES WICKHAM, daughter of William Wickham, Esq. of Orange county.
SHIP NEWS.
ARRIVED at the PORT of PHILADELPHIA. Ship Betley, Read ng, Port-au-Prince Brig Polly, M c Lean, Montego Bay, Molly, Mercer, Oporto Ann, Glover, Tobago Schooner Elizabeth, Phillips, Port-au-Prince Lydia, Dennis, Wilmington, N.C. Fair Lady, Goffin, Jeremie, Hisp. Sloop Polly, Franklin, Virginia
PRICE OF STOCKS.
6 per Cents, 17/9 3 per Cents, 9/4 Deferred, 10/ Full shares Bank U. S. 6 to 8 per cent. adv.
ADVERTISEMENT.
Number 104, of this GAZETTE, complets a year since the commencement of the 4th volume—As the Editor proposes to enlarge the publication at the time of the next meeting of Congress, the present volume will be continued till that period, and the papers published in the interim, numbered and paged accordingly.

interview was violent. Dumourier expressed himself in terms of invective against the Jacobins. "They will ruin France," said he: "But I will save it, though they should call me a Cæsar, a Cromwell, a Monk." The commissioners carried the conversation no further. They departed, and returned next day, determined to dissemble, in order the better to discover the extent of his views. Encouraged by their overtures, Dumourier no longer kept any bounds. He said that the convention were a herd of ruffians, whom he, all, equally, held in abhorrence. That all the volunteers were politicians; but all their efforts would be in vain. "As for the rest, added he, "there still remains a party—the Jacobins have only to cover with their bodies the survivors of the royal family, and to dismiss the convention. If the queen and her children are threatened, I will march to Paris; it is my fixed intention; and the convention will not exist three weeks longer."—The commissioners asked him by what means he would replace the convention? His answer was, that means are already formed. Q. Do not you wish to have the constitution?—A. It is a foolish constitution: I expected better from Condorcet; the former, with all its imperfections, was preferable.—Q. Do you wish to have a king?—A. We must have one.—Q. And from what quarter would you take him?—A. Of what consequence is it whether it be a James, a Louis, or a Philip? It is a new outrage of the Jacobins to call me of the Orleans party.—said Prol, How would you contrive to cause your new constitution and your king to be accepted? A. I have along with me all the Presidents of districts; besides, I am busied to restore peace to France; I have already entered into a negotiation with the prince of Cobourg for an exchange of prisoners; and for the purpose of withdrawing from Holland those eighteen battalions who are on the point of being cut off.—Q. But your negotiations with Cobourg, and the peace which you wish to procure to France, will not have the effect to metamorphose republicans into royalists? A. No matter. Must I again tell you? I will be at Paris in three weeks! and I will then be able to prevent them from going on with their projects of liberty and a republic. Since the battle of Jemappes, I have wept over my success in so bad a cause. France must have a king.—Q. Do you think we ought to abandon the French territory to the enemy?—Q. How would you install your king?—A. My army, if I choose, shall be an army of Mamelukes. With twelve thousand men I will take Paris, or compel it to surrender by famine.—Q. But may not you, perhaps be stopt in your projects? A. I despise the convention; it will soon be reduced to the Bailiwick of Paris. Besides, my horse will soon carry me among the Austrians. They esteem me; and I shall be received by them. Dubuisson then proposed to communicate to him a plan of counter-revolution.—A. It is not practicable. Mine is better. I mean to invade Belgium, of which I will make the conquest for myself and of which I will render myself chief, under the protection of the House of Austria!—Here terminated the interview of the commissioners. They quitted Tournay on the same evening on their return to Paris.
It was decreed that a commission should be formed to examine the conduct of the Belgic commissioners.
April 2.
A letter was read from the administrators of Maine and Loire, stating, that there was every reason to hope that the insurgents would soon be dispersed, and that those of them who had been taken had been tried by martial law, and immediately executed. To this letter was added a copy of the examination of one of the insurgents, named Cartino, from which it appeared that the insurgents assumed the title of the Christian Army, and that their signal for rallying was Vive le Roi, la Reine, l' Aristocrat! It was stated also, that they had declared for a king—that they at first amounted only to fifty, that they had afterwards increased to 12,000, and that they had twenty-five pieces of cannon. Referred to the committee of general defence.
The mayor and procureur of the commune of Saint Arnould gave an account of the dismal situation of that district for want of provisions. Referred to the committee of commerce.
Debates respecting General Dumourier.
In the sitting of March 30th, after the convention had decreed that general Dumourier should be brought to the bar. Marat moved, That the minister at war should remain at Paris, where he would be more useful than on the frontiers inspecting the army of the north.
Camus said, that the minister had yesterday made two objections to the committee—1st, The necessity of his presence at the war-office; 2nd, The bad state of his health. The committee replied, that his health would allow him to take a journey of seven or eight days to save his country from danger; and that his assistant would attend to the business of the war-office.
In the sitting of April 1st, a member announced, that several committees had sat all night to extract the different plans of constitution sent by the departments.
Marat said, it would be time enough to think of the constitution, when Dumourier and the other self chosen statesmen should be known and punished.
Biroteau moved, that without regard to the national representation, and the inviolability of members, every member suspected of conspiracy against the public safety, should be put under arrest. This was adopted unanimously.
Cambacérès, after reading general Dumourier's letters, and giving an account of the conversation which had passed between him and the commissioners at Tournay, concluded the report made by him, in the name of the committee of public safety, by observing, that there was a grand conspiracy, of which Dumourier was the principal agent, and that several persons attached to the house of Philip d'Orleans, commonly called Egalite, were vehemently suspected of being concerned in it. He announced as a measure of safety, that all those supposed to be connected with Orleans, or to wish for royalty, ought to be apprehended. Philip Egalite himself and Sillery would have been apprehended but from respect to the national representation, of which they were members. Being brought before the committee, they both answered, that they would consider it as their duty to submit to whatever precautions the public liberty might require, and invoked the most scrupulous examination of their conduct.
Several members wished to speak on the conduct of Dumourier, but it was observed, that it would be better to wait till his arrival. Danton, however, entered into some explanations of his own conduct, and expressed his indignation at the treachery of Dumourier.
Lafourche said, that Danton abandoned Dumourier only because he saw his perfidy unmasked. The principality journeys of Danton; his refusal to appear in the committee; his efforts to raise the people in a body; and the immense sums which he had spent without producing any account, proved clearly that he was in concert with Dumourier. He moved, that Sillery and Egalite should be put under arrest; that a commission should be formed to examine the conduct of the commissioners in Belgium; that the minute addressed by Dubuisson, Patryrac, and Paoli, should be printed and sent to the army; and that an address should be prepared, to explain to the French people the misfortunes of their country.
Boiteau denounced Fabre d'Eglantine as having proposed the re-establishment of royalty.
Demas moved, that these denunciations, which at the present moment might ruin the public liberty, should be referred to the commission proposed by Lafourche.—Decreed.
Danton—"The patriots are oppressed by the aristocracy. It is meant to murder them, by making the people believe that they have been tampering in Dumourier's plot. [He was interrupted by a vehement agitation of the Convention, and afterwards proceeded] You reproach me, you who sit on the Mountain, with not exerting all the energy of character which nature hath bestowed upon me. You accuse me of weakness. Very well! I confess my error, and I proclaim before all France, that those, who through stupidity or weakness meant to withdraw the tyrant from the sword of the law, are the same men who indulge in the insolent practice of calumny. I am reproached with not repairing to the committee at the moment of my return from Belgium. How could I?—overpowered with fatigue,
after passing several nights without rest, was it not natural to yield to this first call? Scarce had I obtained a few hours of repose when I repaired to the Committee, and I call to witness all who were present, what were my first words—"Dumourier must be watched. Dumourier is a traitor. Dumourier has said, that the Convention consists of three hundred fools, led by four hundred ruffians."
"But Dumourier wishes for a king, and Danton is suspected of having been his partner in this audacious, this criminal idea. Danton, who, if I may say so, led the tyrant to the scaffold. But let us cease to impute to innocence a crime, of which those only who had the wickedness to keep terms with Louis can alone be reasonably suspected.—Those who endeavoured to exasperate Dumourier against the popular societies—Those who wished to punish the civism of Paris, by arming the departments against it—Those who at clandestine suppers concerted plans of conspiracy with him. I defy the traitor to produce a single line of mine that can compromise me with him. If he can, let my head pay the forfeit." He concluded with proposing to levy fifty thousand men for the protection of Paris; and that the Commission above decreed should take cognizance of all the deputies since the opening of the Convention, and of all publications against the unity of the Republic, &c.
Obselin, from the Committee of Surveillance, announced that a great number of deserters was flocking to Paris. He read a Declaration of the commandant of the light cavalry of Calvados, denouncing Dumourier and his Aid-de-Camp Baptiste, formerly his Valet-de-Chambre. The Convention passed a decree for apprehending at the barriers of Paris all military men who should not produce leave of absence.
Decreed that Baptiste be put under arrest.
SITTING OF THE JACOBINS.
Monday, March 25.
A violent debate arose on the question, whether the society ought not to send commissioners chosen from its own members, to accompany those of the Convention into the departments.
Desieux said that the finances of the society were in a very deranged state.
Marat treated this as a frivolous excuse, and said that the society ought to send into the departments trusty persons, who might secretly found the public opinion. This, added he, would be the only means to save your emissaries from the poignards of assassins.
Bentabolle communicated to the society the bad news received from Belgium; 800 millions of expenses, and 150,000 men conducted to slaughter. These are the fruits of all our conquests in the Netherlands!
Marat—"Dumourier pretends that the cause of all our misfortunes ought to be ascribed to the disorganizers who exist in his army; but there are no other disorganizers except the chiefs whom he himself has chosen."
An administrator of the department of Deux Sèvres, after mentioning the troubles by which the territories of the Republic are desolated, cried out, "Rise, your enemies are in the midst of you;—crush them, or they will crush you! The people can only save themselves. Let them, then, it is time! Remember the 10th of August. March! you have not a moment to lose!"
Hebert—"The counter-revolution is in the Convention. Your legislators are your tyrants; they are in concert with the generals and the executive power.—Let the people then rise. The Convention, instead of saving, mean to betray us."
[Several voices from the galleries here cried out, "No more quarter, let us rise and strike!"]
Another member—"Let us proceed to the Convention. Let the Mountain be in force, and let it say to the people, here are your friends, there are your tyrants."
This insurrection must be the last, for such shocks exhaust the machine; the blood of your enemies must run in large streams. At the same hour, on the same day, in all the towns, in all the villages, all the hamlets, and in all the cottages throughout the kingdom, the heads of conspirators must roll in the dust." [Applauded with much transport.]
Wednesday, March 27.
Marat—"The people of Paris should surround the Convention, and demand whether it will or can save the public cause; and ought to pursue measures according to the answer they may receive."
Robespierre—"The only means of saving ourselves are to declare war against our enemies, as they have declared war against us. Let us remember the 10th of August. Let us not go to ask the Convention whether it will save us. Yes, it will, but we must second it. I propose then, that all foreigners be banished, all the agents of the cabinets of Vienna and Berlin; all suspected persons. You will ask me how they are to be discovered? Let a revolutionary committee, composed of warm patriots, be established in each section. Banish from these sections all the ci-devant nobles, priests, &c."
Adopted.
Dufourni proposed, that to discover evil-minded persons, every landlord should be obliged to post upon his doors, the names of the persons who lodge in their houses, with the time of their residence and their occupations." Adopted.
Several members proposed different measures of general safety, but all agreed on the necessity of a new insurrection.
Bossel—"As the law is not executed the people must do justice to themselves."
Teraillon—"When we always speak and never act, it is no purpose. Let us begin by disarming the aristocrats, and we shall afterwards proceed farther. The committee of general defence is corrupted, and the executive council ought to be watched; in the mean time let us execute." [Here the galleries cried out—Bravo!]
A member—"Danton has been the apologist of Dumourier. Let him be called to this bar, to explain the reason of the praises given to that perfidious general; and if he refuse, let him be considered as a traitor, and treated as such."
Adopted with much applause.
Vinall's Arithmetic.
THE Second Edition of this work, with improvements, will speedily be put to press. The rapid sale of the first edition, greatly beyond the author's most sanguine expectations, encourages him to print a second edition. He intends to have it printed upon much better paper than the former, and with a new type.
Those Bookellers who wish to take a number of copies in sheets, are requested to apply to the author for particulars.
* 1000 Copies.
At a meeting of the SCHOOL COMMITTEE, February 5th, 1793.
The Committee, appointed to examine "The Preceptor's Assistant, or Student's Guide," being a systematical treatise of Arithmetic, by JOHN VINALL, teacher of the Mathematics & Writing, in Boston, reported, that they have attended that service, and are of opinion, that the work is executed with judgment, and is as well calculated for the use of schools, counting houses, and private families, as any of the same compass that has hitherto been offered to the public.
VOTED, That the above report be accepted, and that Mr. VINALL be furnished with a copy of it, whenever he shall desire it.
Copy of the Records. Attest, CHARLES BULFINCH, Sec'y.
The following character of the above work, is given in the Review of the Massachusetts Magazine, for Jan. 1793:
"This is a very useful work, and is no ill proof of the judgment and industry of the author. The rules are laid down with propriety, and the examples annexed are sufficient for their illustration. One part of the work deserves particular commendation. We mean that which the author files "Mercantile Arithmetic." It occupies a considerable portion of his book, but not more than its importance will justify. We would recommend to the young Arithmetician to pay a particular attention to this branch. He will find its principles well explained. And should he make himself master of them, he will always have reason to acknowledge his obligation to the judicious and laborious author. We cannot but congratulate the rising generation on account of the many useful productions which have lately appeared; and in which their improvement has been principally consulted. Among those productions we must place this treatise of Arithmetic. We should be wanting in justice to the author, should we not acknowledge that his work is in reality that which its title imports—The PRECEPTOR'S ASSISTANT, or STUDENT'S GUIDE."
I. C. A. A. A. S.
POST-ROAD TO THE GENESEE COUNTRY.
THE public are hereby informed, that the Post-Road from Philadelphia to Reading, is continued to Sunbury and Northumberland; thence up the West Branch of the Susquehannah as far as Litching; thence to the Painted Post (in New-York state, near the forks of the Tioga) thence to Bath (a town laid out on the Cohoes Branch of the Tioga) thence to Williamsburg, at the forks of Genesee River.
Letters for this new route will be sent from the Philadelphia Post-Office every Wednesday morning, at eight o'clock, with the mail for Reading.
A weekly mail will also be carried from Bethlehem to Wilkesbarre, in the county of Luzerne.
General Post-Office, April 6, 1793.