National gazette. (Philadelphia [Pa.]), 1792-05-31 00:00:00

National Gazette.
By P. FRENEAU: Published MONDAYS and THURSDAYS, at THREE DOLLARS per annum.
VOL. I.
THURSDAY, May 31, 1792.
NUMB. 62.
For the NATIONAL GAZETTE.
An investigation of the Causes, which produce the Bilious and Remittent Fevers.
Addressed to the Medical Society of Delaware State.
THIS subject, as easy as it may appear, cannot, I conceive, be satisfactorily explained, but upon an extensive scale of reasoning, and a strict observance to a correspondent accuracy in the chain of investigation, which will, I presume, indisputably assist me to trace the causes to their origin, to establish firm premises, and enable me to deduce just conclusions.
Section 1. I shall endeavour to give a general analytical description of the component parts of that transparent elastic fluid, which immediately surrounds the terraqueous globe, and is called the atmosphere.
Sec. 2. I shall point out the changes the atmosphere undergoes at certain seasons of the year from the combined operations of certain specific causes; and in
Sec. 3. I shall endeavour to prove, upon the principles of inductive reasoning, that the effects resulting from the combined operation of the causes of the second section, are the causes, which produce those fevers specified above.
Sec. 1. I shall endeavour to give a general analytical description of the component parts of that transparent elastic fluid, which immediately surrounds the terraqueous globe, and is called the atmosphere.
The volume of air which encircles our globe is the secondary property in the order of nature, and which may justly be called the Secundum Mobile in the great machinery of this planetary system. It is by this that all animated nature exists; it is what we breathe, it is penetrable to all bodies; it is the medium through which light, heat, moisture, sound, &c. are conducted. "It was formerly supposed to be a homogeneous fluid, but from the ingenious investigations and experiments of philosophers" and chemists of the present age, it has been clearly shown to be a compound heterogeneous body, consisting of two kinds of airs essentially different from each other in their properties.
These airs may be obtained in separate states by chemical processes, and when obtained in those states, "they were supposed by the ancient chemists to be simple elementary bodies," but modern chemists have proved there is another component part highly essential and very different from the other properties of the atmosphere, denominated by M. Lavoisier , the Caloric principle: this principle, when combined with the other component parts of the atmosphere, keeps it in solution and reduces it to the aeriform state in which we breathe it.—I conceive the caloric principle to be wholly dependent on the Sun for its existence, and if there were a total subduction or abstraction of the Caloric from the other component parts of the atmosphere, it would be converted into a solid mass, produce a confusion in the revolutions of the planetary systems, and frustrate the very designs of nature.
This Caloric principle, for the most part, exists diffused with the other properties of the atmosphere in a quiescent or latent state, but may be rendered sensible both by natural and artificial processes.
"These component parts may be decomposed, separated from each other," and compounded with other bodies, and made to assume very different forms and properties from those which they possessed in their original state of combination.
The different airs that compose the atmosphere are dephlogisticated and mephitic air, which are always found to
exist in a combined state, in the proportion of 27 parts of dephlogisticated and 73 parts of mephitic or impure air, in an hundred parts of atmospheric air. The proportions here specified are however frequently varied by the combination of certain causes and circumstances producing different results. It is this dephlogisticated part of the air, called by M. Lavoisier and other French chemists, the oxygen gas , that supports animal life, combustion, &c. the mephitic or azotic gas , is that part which kills animals, extinguishes flame, and is remarkable for its levity; this, in respect to its specific gravity, is as one to twelve with the former.
The position I presume being granted, that the density of the atmospheric air, is in the direct ratio to the pressure of the super-incumbent volume, consequently, the quantity of the oxygenous principle in a given space, is mathematically squared by the above proportion; therefore the nearer we are to the surface of the earth, the more of this oxygenous part we breathe: This obviously illustrates, how wisely the creator has disposed all things for the convenience of animated nature. This analysis of the atmosphere by M. Lavoisier and others, if it be just, may perhaps help to resolve many phenomena in the arcanum of nature, open a wide avenue to the clear perception of truth, and enable us to travel with increasing pleasure the crooked paths of science.
Having given a general (and perhaps a true) description of the atmosphere and its component parts, I shall proceed to the investigation of the second head.
Sec. II. I shall point out the changes the atmosphere undergoes at certain seasons of the year, from the combined operation of certain specific causes.
The annual revolution of the earth round the Sun clearly resolves the causes of the various seasons on the different parts of the globe, and as this planet in the summer season is descending in its orbit, at the same time in conjunction with the inclination of the Sun, it produces what is called the summer Solstice.*—A little before this period the effects of a change in the state of the atmosphere is observed to take place, in consequence of an accumulation of the caloric principle or matter of fire, rarefying the air, which rarefaction occasions an extension of that part of the atmosphere which immediately encircles us, that is, the extremity of the atmosphere (if I may be allowed the expression) is at a greater distance from the surface of the earth, than when this matter of fire is withdrawn, or when it is converted into a latent or quiescent state by any other cause, therefore there is less respirable dephlogisticated air in a given space at the period of the partial zenith of the Sun with respect to the latitude of 40 N. than at its declination.—We find the rarefaction of the atmospheric air varies according to the degrees of latitude, together with other concomitant circumstances and situations favoring the change.
These diseases, mentioned above, generally make their appearance at this season of the year, when the air depends alone on the accumulation of the caloric principle or matter of fire for its change, independent of any other essential causes, but there are local situations and local circumstances, (as the season advances) that concur to produce a partial decomposition of the atmosphere, and which
* Mr. Martin in his treatise on natural philosophy observes, that at 2 of the clock, post meridiem, the atmosphere is warmer than at the meridiem in the summer season: this position being supported by actual experiment, will justify me in extending the idea a little further, that is, the fore part of the month of August is warmer than at the summer Solstice, in the same degree of latitude.
serve to encrease the virulence of these diseases.
This partial decomposition of the atmosphere may be explained under the heads of local situation and local circumstances.
1st. There are many situations in America and in other parts of the world that particularly favour this change; a few of those most favourable I shall name. These are the countries on the banks of the Delaware river from Trenton to Cape May; the Eastern Shore of Maryland, many parts of the state of Virginia, South-Carolina, and Georgia; great part of South America: besides these there are numberless situations in Asia and Africa that conspire to destroy the balance of the atmosphere.
2d. The circumstances attendant on these situations are the vast tracts of low marshy grounds partially cultivated, on which there are great quantities of stagnant water and vegetable rubbish. It is in the latter part of July and the first of August in this latitude (40 N.) that a large part of the low ground vegetables have their first growth and fall to the earth, but this progressive advancement of vegetable life is varied in proportion to the degree of latitude, and kind of soil, in which these local situations may be. It appears evident that the balance of the atmosphere must be materially affected in consequence of the finished growth of a great part of the vegetable kingdom: for M. Fourcroy observes that the "use of vegetables appears to be, from Mr. Ingenhouz's experiments, to absorb the phlogisticated air by their inferior surface and to emit dephlogisticated air from the superior, when they are exposed to the Sun. By this means the atmosphere is renewed," and restored to its natural equilibrium. Besides these causes mentioned above which destroy the equilibrium of the atmosphere, there are others equally conducive to that effect. These are those vegetables, which fall into the stagnant waters and undergo the different stages of fermentation. The circumstances necessary to promote the different processes of fermentation, are the three following—1st. A certain degree of moisture, 2d. more or less of heat, and 3d. the contact of air.
The intestine motion which is occasioned in all the stages of fermentation, is excited by the above conditions, and which totally changes the properties of those vegetables. In this elaborate process there is a considerable degree of heat generated, a different substance produced, the oxygenous principle of the atmosphere is absorbed, which is one of the essential component parts of the new produced substance: In the time of fermentation there is a decomposition taking place, and a considerable quantity of fixed air evolved; this air does not ascend like inflammable air in consequence of its great weight, consequently circulates over the fermenting body, and is very pernicious to animal life, extinguishes flame, &c.
An atmosphere impregnated with this species of air, may be discovered by the dullness of the burning of tapers, flambaus &c. it is observed that tapers do not burn with that liveliness in low marshy situations at certain seasons of the year, as they do in higher and dryer situations, † this is a fact directly in point, that the balance of the atmosphere is destroyed.
Over these extensive low grounds where the process of fermentation is continuing in its progressive advancement, the dephlogisticated principle of the atmosphere must be greatly diminished, and a large quantity of fixed air generated. These causes assigned, may
† It is observed that the lamps below Market street do not appear so luminous in the summer season as they do above Market street.
perhaps help to resolve the causes of the vast exhalation of moisture from the earth in the day, and the sudden fall of the dews on the withdrawing of the sun in all hot climates; also this may perhaps justify a conjecture, that the rainy seasons in the warm latitudes of the globe, depend for their existence upon the same causes, and it will be well to remark, that the great floods of rain commence in those months, when there is the greatest want of balance existing in the atmosphere.
An accumulation of the caloric principle or matter of fire, and a dense atmosphere are highly incompatible with each other, and cannot possibly both exist in the same place at the same time.
[The remainder in our next.]
Substance of Mr. GERRY's Speech on Mr. Bourne's motion (the 5th of May) for assuming the residue of the State Debts:
Mr. GERRY observed, that when this question was last under consideration, he had followed gentlemen who were opposed to it in their arguments through the extensive field of the constitutionality, policy and equity of the measure, and that he now should confine himself to the statement of some facts and a few observations thereon.
It appears, he said, by official reports, that the unassumed debts of the several states, are as follows:
   dollars.     Of New-Hampshire 42501   Massachusetts 1838540   Rhode-Island 34959   Connecticut 313766   New-York 23878   New-Jersey 7351   Virginia 225126   South-Carolina 1965756   Georgia 40000   Total 5166177  
It also appears, that the following flitious debts have been assumed, viz.
   Dols.     For Pennsylvania 1021898   Delaware 146694   Maryland 70774   North-Carolina 20453   Total 1262818  
From this statement it is manifest that whilst several of the states are exonerated of the debts contracted for the support of the war, and others have but a small proportion of them unassumed, the states of South Carolina and Massachusetts are pressed with a heavy debt of nearly two millions of dollars each.—This, he said, is a grievance that requires immediate redress, and should Congress rise without providing it, they would forfeit that confidence in their generosity, honor and justice, which had been ever entertained by the citizens of Massachusetts.—No gentleman, he said, could deny, that the exertions of that state in support of the independence of the United States, had equalled those of any other state in the union; the documents would prove that Massachusetts had not been exceeded by any of her sister states in the amount of her advances, or in the economy of her expenditures; and her exertions to sink the debt, which commenced with the debt itself, were finally so great as to have produced convulsions in the state.
The unassumed debt of that state, from the best information which he could obtain, was in the hands of the substantial yeomanry thereof, who, having never speculated in the funds, were original holders.—Most of these, either by art, or by accident, had been misinformed relative to the time for receiving subscriptions to the loan, and had thus been prevented from having a part of their debts assumed. It will be, therefore, peculiarly hard, whilst Congress are calling on this class of citizens, for their proportion of contributions to pay the

debts due to others, that no provision is made for the payment of their just demand; and the case is aggravated, when it is considered that their contributions are not confined to real, but are extended to fictitious debts, and that whilst they are unjustly required to pay interest on the latter, their just claims are rejected for interest on the former. It is still more grievous, when it is considered that whilst government refuse to reimburse the sums advanced by Massachusetts for the defence of her sister states, ten or fifteen years past, she is called on for large sums to defend their frontiers against savage incursions. What must be the feelings of the citizens of Massachusetts, when they are informed, that Pennsylvania, whose frontiers are now invaded, and who is receiving the interest of an imaginary debt of above a million of dollars, is calling on them for supplies to carry on the war, and at the same time refuses to discharge their advances for her defence, during the late war? Indeed, some of the members of this state have been always liberal on the great question of assumption, and have uniformly supported it, but others have opposed it, and the votes of the former have been rendered ineffectual by those of the latter. Under such circumstances, would not the members of South-Carolina and Massachusetts have been justified in refusing aids for support of the Indian war, and in defeating this measure, by joining in the opposition to it? Would they not have been warranted in thus compelling Pennsylvania to have defended herself by her own resources, and to have exhibited her claims for supporting this war, to be adjusted with those of other states for supporting the revolution? True it is, that in such an event many of the innocent citizens of the western frontiers would have fallen a sacrifice, and some of their own representatives would have been chargeable for the consequences; but so far were the members of South Carolina, Massachusetts, and other creditor States from adopting such policy, that they have advocated the measures for defending the western frontiers, and are now to be sent home in disgrace to their constituents, for having spent a great part of the session in pursuing rational measures to promote the welfare of those states, who have had no disposition to do justice to the creditor states. Could he have foreseen, he said, such an event he would not have taken his seat in the house this session; but he still hoped, as it was well known and ascertained beyond a doubt, that Massachusetts would have a claim against the United States far exceeding the sum proposed to be assumed for her, that the house would consider the subject in a candid manner; that the members would divest themselves of local considerations, and that they would adopt measures consistent with liberality and justice. Indeed, he said, it was for the interest even of the debtor states to assume the debts, because, when the accounts are liquidated, the debts due to the creditor states will not be due from the union, but from the debtor states, and if the union is to be taxed for those debts, the creditor states will be obliged to contribute to the reimbursement of advances, which they have made for the other states. This cannot be done consistently with justice, and will therefore be a source of great uneasiness and embarrassment to government; whereas, if the debts of the citizens of the states are now assumed, and the claims of the states are thus diminished, the cause of the embarrassment will in a great measure be prevented. He hoped therefore, the motion would be adopted, and that the residue of the state debts would be now assumed.
FOREIGN NEWS.
(By the Pigeon, and other late arrivals.)
LONDON, April 1-3.—The opinion of the nation seems never to have been so generally fixed upon the abolition of the African slave trade, as at the present period of time. The order of this day in parliament was that the House, in committee of the whole, take the African slave trade into consideration.—The principal speaker in favor of the abolition of the slave trade was Mr. Wilberforce: several spoke against it, among whom was Col. Tarleton. Towards the end of the debate, Mr. Dundas, (who in the main agreed in his ideas with
Mr. Wilberforce but differed as to the mode of abolition) made an amendment to the motion for abolition "that it is the opinion of the committee that the trade in slaves between the coast of Africa and the West-India islands should gradually be abolished." On taking the question there was out of 318, who voted, a majority of 68 in favor of the amendment—and on the question "that the motion thus amended do pass," out of the same number (318) that voted, there appeared a majority of 145.—In the course of the debate several shocking instances were produced by Mr. Wilberforce of cruelties and other excesses committed in the trade—on the recital of which the house was struck with inexpressible horror, and the names of the captains were vociferously demanded, who could thus act contrary to every dictate of honour, honesty, and justice. Those who spoke against the abolition justified it, for the most part, on the plea of necessity—"take away the slave trade (said they) and you involve in its ruin a respectable part of other branches of trade, and the manufactures of the kingdom."
Accounts have been received from India (via St. Helena) stating that Lord Cornwallis had blocked up Tippoo Saib in Seringapatam, the beginning of December. No credit, however, is given to this account, any more than that brought by the ship Earl Cornwallis, that Tippoo's capital was taken.
The High Chancellor of the German empire has written to all the electoral courts of the several circles, informing them of the necessity of proceeding without loss of time to the election of a chief of the Germanic body—the month of July is mentioned as the latest period of the election of Emperor.
Notwithstanding the continental newspapers declare that the Austrian troops are now upon the march for the Low Countries, all our private letters contradict the assertion; not a single regiment is in fact in motion, and we can confidently declare that the German papers are paid by the emigrants to keep France in a ferment.
A rebellion (if it may be so called) has taken place in Hesse Cassel, in Germany, and the Prince of that place has been obliged to fly his territories to avoid the vengeance of the people. There is not one of the tyrants of Germany so justly abhorred by his subjects and even by his army as this prince. This was the wretch who sold his troops to Great Britain to carry despotism and slavery into America; and made a traffic in human blood, to fill his coffers, while he suffered the face of his country to become a dreary waste, thro' his inattention to agriculture—In his whole dominion manufactures are unknown, and the people are in the greatest misery. It would not be believed that tyranny could have been carried without punishment to such excesses as it has been in Cassel. In every family there has been a spy. No gentleman could give an additional dish at his table, without having it reported to the prince, and in some way or another the strong hand of power squeezed him of what was called his superabundance.
The injustice which he practised to these very troops, which he sold to the English, as a grazier fells sheep to the butcher, and which were used up in America, was so marked and inhuman, that it has fixed a rooted enmity in the hearts of his army, which only waits for a proper time to burst into open indignation.
Such was the alarm of this prince that he fled all the way to Hainau, [50 miles] without stopping for refreshment or rest.
A vessel, just arrived from India, brings the disagreeable account of an engagement between an English and a French frigate near Tellicherry road, in which the latter was taken after a warm engagement, with the loss of a number of men on both sides. The engagement was in consequence of an order from commodore Cornwallis to search every vessel in those parts under Imperial and French colours, it having been conjectured that several such were employed in supplying Tippoo Saib with arms and ammunition. The French frigate (called Le Resolu) had two merchantmen under her convoy, which made off while the two ships were engaging. The French frigate, after striking, was towed into a French port and abandoned. It is much feared this event will be attended with disagreeable consequences.
We can state with certainty, that the new king of Hungary has made a declaration importing, that the situation of things would not permit him to interfere in the affairs of France; that he could give no assistance to the French emigrants, nor even enter into the views of the German princes relative to their rights in Lorraine and Alsace. In consequence of this declaration, the troops who were upon the march have received orders to return.
The news of an insurrection at Hesse Cassel is confirmed. The Landgrave, wishing a regiment to be sent to Sangerhausen, a small town on the Rhine, where he has others, ordered it to appear on the parade. Being there drawn up, five soldiers came out of the ranks, and desired to speak to the captain. They obtained the permission, and in the name of their comrades demanded to
be paid as in time of war. The Prince of Hesse was informed of this immediately, and in answer ordered the five soldiers to run the gauntlet (passer aux verges) instantly. The regiment hearing this order, declared they would not suffer the execution of it. The noise spreading, all the garrison of Cassel ran to the parade, and the people followed in multitudes, threatening that the prince himself should undergo the punishment, if he dared to carry his orders into execution.
The Landgrave retired to his castle, and proceeded the following night to Hanau, near Frankfort, where he was when the letters came from thence.
Exchange has taken a very favorable turn in France, and has gained from 15 to 20 per cent. within a few days past, with every appearance of a continuation in the rise. —Some new appointments have taken place in the ministry, viz. M. Grenice, keeper of the Seal. M. Roland de la Platiere, minister of the home department; and M. Claviere, minister of Finance. —The sixteen hundred millions, in assignats (national notes) voted by the assembly were to be issued by the first of April.
By the last accounts from India, Tippoo Saib had come out of Seringapatam, and had entrenched himself strongly about ten miles from it. Lord Cornwallis and the grand army were advancing towards him and it is probable their meeting has been decisive; his Lordship having determined on an immediate attack.
The last letters from Coblenz announce, that the emigrants are assembling there in greater numbers than ever, all those from Worms and its neighbourhood, and also from the Netherlands, repairing thither as to a place of a general rendezvous. —Within fifteen days they are expected to amount to 14,000 infantry and 6000 cavalry. The Princes had concluded a treaty with the Prince of Hohenloe, for all the troops he can furnish. This treaty is worded between Sovereign and Sovereign, the French Princes negotiating in the name of the King of France detained in captivity.
On the 17th of March, died at Worms, the Chevalier de Blois, who was much employed by the emigrant Princes, without obtaining any recompence for his services. Incensed at their neglect, he declared on his death bed, that they were the authors of the massacres at Avignon, Arles, Nismes, and St. Domingo, and of the mutinies in the regiments; that supported by the Italian and Spanish clergy, they had money enough to desolate the earth; that having been ill used by the Prince de Conde, and his confidant M. de Grenole, he repeated heartily of the many journeys he had made to France, and the evils of which he had been the instrument; and that his last breath would be to beg pardon of God and his country.
An account was received on Wednesday evening that the insurgents in the city of Arles had surrendered, and marched out to receive the troops sent out against them.
Advices from the East-Indies say, that General Chalmers, after a noble defence, in which he displayed the greatest bravery, joined to an exertion of equal abilities, has at length been obliged to surrender Coimbatore to the forces of Tippoo Saib.
The following is the answer given by Prince Kaunitz (first minister to Leopold 2d.) to the requisition of the King of France, That the late Emperor should recognize the sovereignty of the French nation, the freedom of the King, and the legality of his acceptance of the constitution. (This requisition was to have been presented to the Emperor on the very day he died.) "The King of Hungary, having fully adopted the political system of the late Emperor, he will explain himself with the frankness that becomes a great power. The King of France complains of the assembling of troops in Germany. No assembling of troops there is known, that ought to be considered as an indication of hostility. Troops are assembled in much greater numbers in France. The King of Hungary and the Princes of Germany may perhaps think it proper to assemble still greater numbers to maintain the internal peace of their several states, disturbed by the examples of the troubles in France, and the criminal machinations of the Jacobin party; but these Princes will never consent to tie up their own hands in this respect, which no power has a right to require of them.
"With respect to the engagements and concerns between the court of Vienna and the most respectable powers of Europe, that court will continue to maintain them till the French nation, adopting a milder course, shall repel the insinuations of a sanguinary faction that excites tumults and acts of violence against the liberty of the king and the faith of treaties; but should the designs and the arts of that faction prevail, the king of Hungary flatters himself, that the sound and principled part of the nation will consider as a consoling prospect of support the existence of a concert, the views of which are worthy of its confidence, and the most important crisis that has ever affected the common interests of Europe." —This answer was treated with a degree of contempt by the assembly, particularly
that part respecting the Jacobins, and the appeal to the sound part of the nation—meaning the aristocrats.
Accounts from India say, that General Chalmers surrendered the fortress of Coimbatore to the forces of Tippoo Saib, on the faith of articles of capitulation, by which he was to be allowed to march with his garrison to Polligatcherry; but contrary to the rules of war, and in open violation of public, pledged faith, after having been in confinement some days, and suffering many insults, he and his garrison were sent prisoners to Seringapatam: Such is the reliance to be placed on treaties with a savage!
Notwithstanding all the surmises and reports of the emperor of Germany having been poisoned, it is now universally believed by all (except those who believe that kings and emperors cannot die like common men) that his whole disease proceeded from a dysentery too suddenly stopped last year—Upon opening his body, the two lobes of the lungs were found to be covered with a thick phlegm: in the right lobe was a quart of water, Vienna measure, and a spoon full in the left lobe. The heart was flaccid; the reins dry; the stomach and the brain in as good condition as in the soundest body.
From the state in which it appeared, the vomiting by which the emperor was suffocated could not have been occasioned by the stomach. From all the circumstances, it is imagined, that his death was occasioned by an inflammation of the lungs and the viscera of the lower belly. It is still incomprehensible how his physicians could have mistaken the symptoms of approaching death for recovery. Their assurances on the morning of the 1st. inst. that their patient was out of danger, inspired the imperial family with a degree of confidence, which rendered the fatal reverse still more affliction.
Various letters from Paris all agree that since the appointment of the new ministers, every thing in that capital is restored to tranquility and good order: and it was expected the disorders in the southern parts of the kingdom would soon be at an end.
The recruitment of the army (say Parisian accounts) has amounted already to 110,000 effective men, instead of 51,000. Patriotism is not a mere idea in France; & though many good citizens seem to dread war as not very distant, notwithstanding the death of Leopold, yet a comparative view of the formidable force of France with that of her supposed enemies, is sufficient to destroy their fears.—To remedy in some respect the enormous expenses which have been totally caused by the conduct of the emigrants, the national assembly have decreed, that an indemnity shall be made from the general mass of their property for the disbursements hitherto made by the nation in warlike preparations. The emigrants still continue flocking home in hundreds; the Fauxbourg St. Dennis, and St. Martin, are alive from dusk in the evening, as these gentry chuse to arrive in the dark. Their equipages are then washed, the arms neatly varnished and painted out, and thus equipped, they make their morning entries, like honest citizens into the capital, unescutcheoned, and unemblazoned.
Too much has it become the fashion in modern times, and particularly in our own day, from a momentary flash of patriotism (most frequently the cover for selfish purposes) to compare a popular speaker, or leader of a party, to some one of the renowned sages of antiquity, the durability of whose fame is due only to the disinterestedness of their public lives. This idea applies, not unaptly, to the celebrated Brutus, lately placed by the empress of Russia between those of Demosthenes and Cicero.—Nothing is more dangerous than to praise too soon—Time stamps the value of great characters with an unerring hand, and never fails to do justice to the deserving—The virtues, however, that gained immortality for the ancients, we are sorry to say, are not so much in vogue at present as could be wished; and, on this subject we will take the liberty to repeat a few lines:
The Grecian orator of old With scorn rejected Philip's laws, Indignant spurn'd at foreign gold, And triumph'd in his country's cause.
A foe to every wild extreme, 'Mid civil storms the Roman sage Repress'd ambition's lawless scheme, And check'd the madd'ning people's rage.
Domestic peace, external fame, With patriot zeal their labours sought; And Rome's or Athens' sacred name Inspir'd and govern'd every thought.
Who then, in this presumptuous hour Aspires to share th' Athenian's praise? The tool confess'd of foreign power, The Æschines of modern days.
What chosen name, to Tully's join'd, Is now announc'd to distant climes?— Behold to lasting fame consign'd The Cataline of later times!

STATE PAPER.
Convention signed at Vienna the 18th of February, between his excellency the Count Coiredo, commissioned for the purpose by his imperial majesty and the Baron de Bischoffswerder, Mi after Plenipotentiary of his Majesty the king of Prussia.
1. It is agreed that there shall subsist between his Majesty the Emperor, and his Majesty the king of Prussia, a firm and lasting concert, as well in behalf of themselves as of their respective allies, for the purpose of taking suitable measures at all times, when occasion may require, to support the honor and dignity of crowns, against any attempts made by wicked persons in rebellion, whether they be their own subjects, or those of their friends, or allies, or of any Prince or potentate whatever, in whose person the sovereign dignity may be exposed to insult.
2. The two high contracting parties guarantee to each other in their respective estates, as well as to their different allies, the possession of all the rights, prerogatives and powers which they enjoy in the said estates, or which by ancient laws and usages are found to belong thereto, against any change or innovation whatsoever.
3. Their said majesties promise for themselves and their allies, not to take part in any rebellion or revolt which may break out in any neighbouring States, but on the contrary, to use their utmost endeavours to suppress it, for which purpose they will not receive any subject of other states into their territories without the knowledge and approbation of the sovereign of those states; they will apprehend and deliver them up when required, and prevent as much as in them lies, arms and ammunition from being exported out of their dominions, or from being sold in them to strangers.
4. The two high contracting parties agree to use their utmost endeavours to restore to the crown of France the ancient rights and prerogatives which justly belong thereto, and for this purpose they will employ, as soon as the season will permit, the following force:—His imperial majesty and his allies engage to bring into the field 120,000 effective men, and his Prussian majesty and his allies engage to furnish 60,000 effective men, their contingents in the army of the empire not included. These troops to act as hereafter shall be agreed upon between the parties, and to be paid by their respective sovereigns, his Imperial Majesty referring to himself the liberty of concerting with his allies concerning the different quota to be furnished by each, as well as his Prussian Majesty to concert with his for the same purpose. If contrary to all reasonable expectation, this force should prove insufficient, their Imperial and Prussian Majesties will further agree together on such augmentation of troops as may be thought necessary.
5 A Congress shall be established, to which their Imperial and Prussian Majesties, as well as their respective Allies, will send Ministers for the purpose of enquiring into the nature and extent of those prerogatives belonging by ancient right to the Crown of France, and which it is found necessary to restore, for the sake of re-establishing the dignity of that Crown. If any information should be communicated to the Congress by which the high contracting parties, or any of their allies, shall appear to have suffered injury or encroachment, with respect to their just authority in the domains in the present possession, the discussion of the Congress shall be held final and conclusive by all parties, and they will use the same force mentioned in the preceding article, or a lesser or greater one as occasion may require, but always in the same proportion, for the purpose of restoring to the injured party (if milder measures fail) his due authority, as well for maintaining, in all cases whatever, the sovereign dignity from violation, insult, and encroachment.
A FARM FOR SALE.
To be sold cheap for cash, a Farm situated on the Banks, and on the north side of the river Raritan in the state of New-Jersey; eight miles from the city of New-Brunswick, and one from the town of Bound Brook, containing 191 acres, and 40 acres about a mile distant appertained to it for woodland; on this farm has lately been erected a neat and convenient house 28 by 34 feet neatly finished, built on a cellar the dimensions of the House, with a kitchen forming a wing 24 by 18 feet completed; 50 acres of it being meadow renders this place truly valuable; the healthy airy and pleasant situation makes it an agreeable seat for a gentleman: the meadow and fertility of the soil, an object for the farmer, & its being surrounded by the most wealthy and opulent farmers in the state, a very eligible stand for a store. The ride to and from Brunswick on either side of the river, is delightful: for the price apply to the editor of the National Gazette. 6w 1w.
** For sale at this Office, Sermons by the Rev'd Dr. William Linn, of N. York. Price 5/7 1-2.
PHILADELPHIA.
MAY 31, 1792.
According to accounts from the western country (viz. North-Carolina) the hostile Indians seem more disposed, than at any former period, towards peace. A treaty is to be held at Nashville with the Shawanese and Chickasaw tribes of Indians on the first of June.
Died, on Thursday the 17th inst. at Newtown, Sussex county, N. Jersey, in the 38th year of his age, Major RICHARD LLOYD, of the late American army, and member of the Cincinnati of said state.
Extract of a letter from Germantown, May 29— "An Excise officer in this place, some short time since, put over his door a sign, notifying that, there was THE OFFICE OF INSPECTION. A number of citizens took the liberty however, next day, to pull down the Inspector's sign.—Three or four days afterwards, the four quarters of a carrion were hung up in the place of the board that contained the notification".
Extract of a letter from Cape Francois, of the 9th of May. "Altho' we have nothing to fear, this place being fortified in such a manner that there is not the least probability of an attack, the whole country is infested with bad intentioned people, and the Negroes on destroying what is left. Lately they attacked, to the number of 8000, a post near Fort Dauphin, where they were faced by a body of 38 regular troops, a body of 200 mulattoes, and some volunteers who after an obstinate battle, made them retreat with great loss. On the field of battle were found some white men and three guns."
"We hear lately from France the agreeable news, that the Vice-Count of Mailly is embarked with 10,000 troops, and sailed the 25th of March: so that we may expect them every day; we are indeed in great want of them, and in hopes that at their arrival peace will be restored here. It is only to be pitied that this assistance comes some months too late, as much valuable property might have been saved."
"Business dull, flour 6 to 6 1-2 dollars."
The people of the United States are in possession of a government of their own choice; and had its principles been attended to, every man would have reaped and enjoyed the fruits of his labour, without molestation. Were this the case, it would be disgraceful indeed to rail against government. But it becomes every friend to his country, boldly to come forward, and express his sentiments whenever he sees the constitution infringed; and that laws have been passed, that will tend to the injury of the great mass of the people, to promote the interest of the few; or that taxes have been imposed, whose operation will be partial, and will bear hard on the poorer class of people. It is not only a few "authors of newspaper calumnies" that condemn the funding system and the excise law, but a majority of the people of the union, who feel as great a desire for the prosperity, dignity and freedom of the United States, as the warmest advocates of those measures. The freedom of America, so long as the constitution is strictly attended to, rests secure: Liberty was the reward of our sacrifices during a long and bloody war: The establishment of a free government completed the revolution, by the voice of the people, who are bound to support it, and the promotion of whose interest ought to be its sole view; but when this is not the case, it is inconsistent with the character of Americans to be silent: All opposition to the will of the rulers is not yet annihilated; but every man is free to declare his opinion on any occasion whatever; and it is to be hoped, will do it notwithstanding he may be accused by some interested persons of using every insidious attempt to blast the prospects of his country. [Daily Adv.]
From a view of the present condition of royalty in Europe (says a correspondent) who would be a king?—Certain it is, that for a few years past more attacks have been made upon persons of royal description than for a whole century before. Age, idiocy, and female imbecility have alike felt a preternatural impulse to destroy them. Rusty case-knives, air-guns, bludgeons, and brick-bats, are constantly employed against them with so much inveteracy, that the poor crown-holders have almost as pitiful a life of it as cocks were wont to lead on Shrove Tuesday—Super-added to all this is the deplorable misfortune of royal insanity, which is become almost as common as the hydrophobia.
A writer in the South-Carolina STATE GAZETTE of the 3d. inst. speaking of the free animadversions published in some of the Philadelphia newspapers on the proceedings of Congress during the late session, takes occasion to vociferate in the following manner: "Congress's wisdom, as a legislative body, is attacked, ferociously attacked!—as fiercely as the most inimical
tribes of Indians would attack them, if the seat of government was fixed on the frontier!—Will such an attack be left unpunished? Will no method be adopted to prevent such attacks for the future?—If so, you civilized Americans and savage Indians may go—go, and herd it together!!!"
A Virginia paper of the 24th inst. has the following strange paragraph.—"On the night of the 12th of April, seven horses were taken by the Indians from the vicinity of Tilton's Station, below the mouth of Short Creek; and on the 16th ultimo attacked some men and boys that were going to mill, and killed one man, and took one prisoner."
This news, on my word, is the worst we have heard.
New allies are join'd with the Indians, 'tis fear'd—
"Seven Horses, assembled in battle array, "Attack'd men and boys in the open high way: "One wretch they took prisoner, another they kill'd, And drove all the rest, like poltroons, from the field."
Among many other instances that might readily be produced to prove that a spirit of genuine republicanism is silently pervading all Europe, that of the successor to Leopold the 2d. is not unworthy of attention. Immediately after his investment with regal powers, he ordered the public censor of the press, to be particularly careful that no panegyrics should be published on his character: it being his opinion, that time alone ought to decide whether he should be praised or reprobated.—The ceremony of his coronation was also to be conducted, free from that splendid, noisy pomposity which had always been considered before as inseparable from such occasions.
[From PAINE'S RIGHTS OF MAN.] OFFICIAL COMPENSATION.
AS to the offices of which any civil government may be composed, it matters but little by what names they are described. In the routine of business, whether a man be styled a president, a king, an emperor, a senator, or any thing else, it is impossible that any service he can perform, can merit from a nation more than ten thousand pounds a year; and as no man should be paid beyond his services, so every man of a proper heart will not accept more. Public money ought to be touched with the most scrupulous conscientiousness of honor. It is not the produce of riches only, but of the hard earnings of labour and poverty. It is drawn even from the bitterness of want and misery. Not a beggar passes or perishes in the streets, whose mite is not in that mass.—Were it possible that the Congress of America could be so lost to their duty, and to the interests of their constituents, as to offer General Washington, as President of America, a million a year, he would not, and he could not accept it. His sense of honor is of another kind. It has cost England almost seventy millions sterling to maintain a family imported from abroad, of very inferior capacity to thousands in the nation; and scarcely a year has passed that has not produced some new mercenary application. Even the physicians' bills have been sent to the public to be paid! No wonder that jails are crowded, and taxes, and poor rates increased. Under such systems, nothing is to be looked for but what has already happened: and as to reformation, whenever it comes, it must be from the nation, and not from the government.
On TAXATION.
WHENEVER taxes are proposed, the country is amused by the plausible language of taxing luxuries. One thing is called a luxury at one time, and something else at another; but the real luxury does not consist in the article, but in the means of procuring it, and this is always kept out of sight.—I know not why any plant or herb of the field should be a greater luxury in one country than another, but an overgrown estate in either is a luxury at all times, and as such is the proper object of taxation. It is, therefore, right to take those kind tax-making gentlemen upon their own word, and argue on the principle themselves have laid down, that of taxing luxuries. If they, or their champion, Mr. Burke, who, I fear, is growing out of date like the man in armour, can prove that an estate of twenty, thirty, or forty thousand pounds a year is not a luxury, I will give up the argument. Admitting that any annual sum, say for instance, one thousand pounds is necessary or sufficient for the support of a family, consequently the second thousand is of the nature of a luxury, the third still more so, and by proceeding on, we shall at last arrive at a sum that may, not improperly, be called a prohibitable luxury. It would be impolitic to set bounds to property acquired by industry, and therefore it is right to place the prohibition beyond the probable acquisition to which industry can extend; but there ought to be a limit to property, or the accumulation of it by bequest. It should pass in some other line. The richest in every nation have poor relations, and those often very near in consanguinity.
CHRONOLOGY OF FACTS.
Chronology, although a science at present little studied, is, nevertheless, not without its uses. By Chronology we are taught how to affix a proper date to all historical events, without which knowledge history itself is lame and defective, and productive of little satisfaction to the student. For want of due and faithful application to this excellent science, it is, that European and Asiatic accounts of distant events do so widely disagree in point of date, as not to be reconciled by any ingenuity or learning of the present age.—To prevent American chronology from suffering in like manner, I have begun to keep a regular list of "American Chronological Occurrences," of which, gentle reader, be pleased to take the following specimen:
1775—1783. Liberty established in America by the blood and property of her patriots.
1783—1789. Patriots get for their services two shillings in the pound.
1789—1790. Speculators receive without services two pounds on the shilling.—About this time the prostitution of the press is attempted with some degree of success.
1790. The millions of dollars flowing into the hands of speculators produce a glare of wealth, which is misrepresented for general prosperity.
The people asleep, and speculators forging the chains of monarchy and aristocracy for them.
1791. The people still asleep. The reign of speculators.—A free gift of sixty per cent. added to the capitals of speculators, by means of the bank, and other governmental donceurs. Banks, bubbles, tontines, lotteries, monopolies, usury, forgery, lying, gambling, swindling, &c. &c. abound—Poverty in the country—luxury in the capitals—corruption and usurpation in the national councils.
1792. Bubbles burst.—The champions of public faith turn out swindlers—Members of Congress detected and exposed in their speculations and combinations.
The waste of luxury turning the stream of our wealth to foreign countries; and making us tributaries for four millions a year to the brokers of London and Amsterdam. The people begin to awake.—Speculators are alarmed—their reign totters.
1793.—March. [A NEW ERA.] The people thoroughly awake. The national councils purged of stock-jobbing, monarchy-jobbing, bank-jobbing, and aristocracy-jobbing.—Effectual measures taken to secure public credit by paying off the public debt, and to support the energy of the government by regaining the confidence of the people.
Industry, order, and virtue established. Republicanism flourishes, and is again in fashion.
The people rejoice in their freedom, and are determined to maintain it. May 28.
THIS DAY are published by ANDREW BROWN, And sold by the principal booksellers in the city of Philadelphia, THE LAWS OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, PASSED AT THE LAST SESSION OF CONGRESS: Collated with and corrected by the original rolls in the office of the Secretary of State. Price One Quarter of a Dollar.
The acts of this session, agreeably to the plan of this edition of the laws of the United States, will be considered as the first Part of the second Volume; so that the acts of each Congress (the duration of which is limited by the constitution to the term of two years) will be comprised in one volume.
To the acts of this session will be annexed the ratifications of the amendments to the Constitution; the confederation between the United States and the Delaware nation of Indians; the treaty between the United States and the Wyandot, Delaware, Ottawa, Chippewa, Patawatima, and Sac Nations; the treaty between the United States and the Cherokee Nation; and the armistice, declaring the cessation of hostilities between the United States and Great-Britain: These with those in the first volume of the laws, are all the existing treaties.
A copious index will accompany the second volume—when completed, at the end of the next session of Congress.
"As it is desirable that copies of the laws should be so multiplied throughout the States, and in such cheap forms, as that every citizen of the United States may be able to procure them," it has been thought advisable, in this edition, to omit the signatures of the President of the United States, the President of the Senate, and the Speaker of the House of Representatives. Their signatures would have increased the size of the volume, and consequently have rendered it more expensive, without adding to its usefulness or authenticity, inasmuch as the Secretary of State's certificate is to be prefixed to the volume.
This edition of the laws of the United States is also to be sold by Messrs. Thomas and Andrews, Boston; John Carter, Esq. Providence, Rhode Island; Messrs. Hudson and Goodwin Hartford, Mr. Thomas Greenleaf, New-York; Messrs. Goddard and Angell, Baltimore; Augustine Davis, Esq.; Richmond, and Mr. W. P. Young, Charleston, S. Carolina.
The Printers of News-papers in the United States, are requested to insert this advertisement.

THE VILLAGE MERCHANT.
(Continued from No. 60.)
THROUGH woods obscure and dull perplex- ing ways Slow and alone he urg'd the clumsy wheel; Now stopping short, to let his horses graze, Now treating them with straw and Indian meal: At length a lofty steeple caught his eye, "Higher (thought he) than ever kite did fly: But so it is, these churchmen are so proud They ever will be tip-toe with a cloud: Bound on a sky-blue cruise, they always rig The longest steeple and the largest wig."
Now safe arriv'd upon the pebbled way Where well-born feeds the rattling coaches trail, Where shops on shops are seen—and ladies gay Walk, with their curtains some, and some, their veil;
Where sons of art their various labours show, And one cries, fish! and one cries, muffins, ho! Amaz'd alike, the merchant and his pair Of scare-crow feeds, did nothing else but stare; So new was all the scene, that, smit with awe, They grinn'd, and gaz'd, and gap'd at all they saw, And often stopp'd, to ask at every door, "Sirs, can you tell us where's the cheapest store?"
"The cheapest store! (a fly retailer said) "Cheaper than cheap, guid faith , I have to sell; Here are some colour'd cloths that never fade: No other shop can serve you half so well. Wanting some money, now, to pay my rent, I'll sell them at a loss of one per cent.— Hum-bums are here,—and muslins—what you please— Bandanas, bastas, pull-cats ,—India teas Improv'd by age, and now grown very old, And given away—you may depend—not sold!"
Lur'd by the bait the wiley trader laid, He gave his feeds their mess of straw and meal, Then, gazing round the shop, thus, cautious, said, "Well, if you sell so cheap, I think we'll deal, But pray remember, 'tis for goods I come, For, as to pole-cats , we've enough at home: Full forty pounds I'm worth—and that in gold, (Enough to make a trading man look bold) Unrig your shelves, and let me take a peep; 'Tis odds I leave them bare—you sell so cheap."
The city-merchant stood, with lengthen'd jaws, And star'd awhile—then made this short reply— "You clear my shelves! (he said)—This shelf of gauze Is more than all your forty pounds can buy— On yonder board, whose but then seems so small That one man's pocket might contain it all, More valuable, than you, and all your race From Adam down, did purchase or possess."
Convinc'd, he turn'd him to another street Where humbler shop-men from the crowd retreat: Here, caught his eye coarse calicoes and crape, Pipes and tobacco, ticklenbergs, and tape, Pitchers and pots—of value not so high But he might buy,—and FORTY-POUNDS would buy.
[To be continued]
May 26.
AUTHENTIC.
SECOND CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES.
At the first Session, begun and held at the city of Philadelphia, in the State of Pennsylvania, on Monday the twenty-fourth of October, one thousand seven hundred and ninety-one.
An ACT for the relief of persons Imprisoned for Debt.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Repre- sentatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That persons imprisoned on executions issuing from any court of the United States for satisfaction of judgments in any civil actions shall be entitled to like privileges of the yards or limits of the respective goals as persons confined in such goals for debt on judgments ren- dered in the courts of the several states are en- titled to, and under the like regulations and re- strictions.
And be it further enacted, That any person im- prisoned as aforesaid, may have the oath or af- firmation herein after expressed administered to him by any judge of the United States, or of the general or supreme court of law of the state in which the debtor is imprisoned, the creditor his agent or attorney, if either live within one hundred miles of the place of imprisonment, or within the dis- trict in which the judgment was rendered, having had at least thirty days previous notice, by a citation served on him, issued by any such judge, to appear at the time therein mentioned, at the said goal, if he see fit, to show cause why the said oath or affirmation should not be so adminis- tered; at which time and place, if no sufficient cause in the opinion of the judge, be shown or doth from examination appear to the contrary, he may at the request of the debtor, proceed to administer to him the following oath or affirma- tion, as the case may be, viz. "You solemnly swear (or affirm) that you have not estate real or personal, nor is any to your knowledge holden in trust for you to the amount or value of twenty dollars, nor sufficient to pay the debt for which you are imprisoned." Which oath or affirmation being administered, the judge shall certify the same under his hand, to the prison keeper, and shall fix a reasonable allowance for the debtor's support, not exceeding one dollar per week; and if the creditor shall thereafter any week fail to furnish the debtor with such weekly support, by paying or advancing the money to him, or to the prison-keeper, for his use, the debtor shall be discharged from his imprisonment
on such judgment, and shall not be liable to be imprisoned again for the said debt; but the judgment shall remain good and sufficient in law, and may be satisfied out of any estate which may then or at any time afterwards belong to the debtor.
And be it further enacted, That if any person shall falsely take the oath or affirmation aforesaid, such person shall be deemed guilty of perjury, and suffer the pains and penalties in that case provided.
And be it further enacted, That this act shall continue and be in force, for the space of one year from the passing thereof, and from thence to the end of the next session of Congress, and no longer.
JONATHAN TRUMBULL, Speaker of the House of Representatives.
RICHARD HENRY LEE, President pro tempore of the Senate.
Approved, May fifth, 1792.
G. WASHINGTON, President of the United States.
THE TRAVELLING CAT.
"The following account (says a Maryland Correspondent) I received from a person of the strictest veracity, and tho' it appears somewhat extraordinary, it may be depended on as a fact." Late in the year 1791 a cat was taken on board a vessel in the river Potomack, and brought round through Chesapeake bay into the Patuxent, a cir- cuitous distance of more than fifty miles. Upon being landed she was conveyed to a house three or four miles distant from the last mentioned river in Calvert County, where she continued several weeks. While here, the cat incurred her own- er's displeasure by regaling herself with some choice provisions that had been set apart for his own use, in consequence of which she was sentenced to re- ceive a whipping, which was accordingly execu- ted. Not relishing this affront, she forsook the house, and returned to the place from which she had been originally taken, a distance of be- tween twenty and thirty miles in a direct line, in the prosecution of which jaunt the stomachful animal must have passed the Patuxent river, at least two miles wide, but then frozen over; it being in February when the fact occurred.
The manner in which the animal was convey- ed, and the distance of the place it left from that to which it returned, evinces the existence of a faculty in the brute creation, which, tho' rarely exercised by them, cannot be controverted or den- ied. I cannot persuade myself it can be wholly attributed to instinct. Man endowed with supe- rior faculties in other respects, must, in this, yield to the superiority of irrational animals, as similar facts have occurred with regard to other tribes of that part of nature's animated creation we take upon ourselves to call brutal .
Calvert County, Maryland, May 16—1792.
Just imported in the ship Molly , Captain Pitt , from Lisbon —
A few Pipes and Quarter Casks of LISBON WINE,
Far superior in quality to what is generally impor- ted; and a few Halves of the very best CORKS ,
To be Sold by
GEORGE MEADE,
Who has also for sale, Choice three and five years old Bill of Exchange Madeira Wine,
By the Pipe , or Quarter Cask ,
LONDON MARKET MADEIRA WINE five years old by the pipe , or quarter Cask , Choice old Sherry WINE by the quarter cask Mess BEEF of a superior quality and such as is fit for an East India Voyage —put up in this city.
Choice first quality BEEF do. Do Second do. BOSTON BEEF equal to any from that country.
Burlington Pork of the first quality, and one hundred and fourteen hds of FLAX SEED , &c. &c.
May 16 2a. w. 1m.
THIS DAY ARE PUBLISHED, [In Octavo—Price 2/9]
THE
LAWS of the UNITED STATES, Passed at the First Session of the Second Congress.
PUBLISHED BY AUTHORITY.
To which are added the Ratifications of the Amendments to the Constitution, by the several ratifying States; the Armistice between the Uni- ted States and Great-Britain; and the Treaty of Peace and Friendship with the Cherokees , which, with those in the other octavo volume completes all the existing treaties.
Philadelphia, printed by CHILDS & SWAIN , Printers of the Laws of the United States, and sold by them, at their office, No. 209, Market- Street; also by the principal Booksellers in the city.
** The Laws are sewed in blue paper, and are intended to be bound up with those of the next session, so as to make one volume, com- prising all the Laws passed by the Second Con- gress, when a complete Index will be added for both sessions.
The LAWS of the Three Sessions of the First Congress, With a complete Index, in one volume octavo, may be had as above.
Philadelphia, May 17th, 1792.
BOOKS, Printed and sold by MATHEW CAREY, No. 118, Market-Street, Philadelphia.
1. American Museum, from its commencement in January 1787, to December 1791, in ten vols. Price, neatly bound and lettered; sixteen dollars. This work, which is now conducted on an im- proved plan, containing the best pieces published for and against the proceedings of government, will be found to contain at least as great a variety of po- litical, agricultural, and miscellaneous essays, as any ever published in America. Perhaps in no one work are so many valuable documents respecting the his- tory of this country, collected together. His excel- lency the President of the United States, has de- clared of it, that "a more useful literary plan has never been undertaken in America, nor one more deserving of public encouragement." The Subscription is two dollars and a half per annum. Gentlemen in the country who wish to be supplied with this work, are requested to give commission to friends in the city to subscribe for and receive it.
2. Ladies' Pocket Library—containing:—Miss More's Essays ; Gregory's Legacy ; Lady Pen- nington's advice ; Marchioness of Lambert's ad- vice ; Swift's letter to a newly married lady ; Mrs. Chapone on command of temper ; More's fa- bles for the ladies —Price 6/6.
3. Smith's History of New-York, from its first settlement to the year 1732. To which is annexed, a description of the country, with a short account of the inhabitants, their religious and political state, and the constitution of the courts of justice—Price a dollar and a quarter.
4. Elements of Moral Science, by James Beat- tie, L.L.D. professor of moral philosophy and logic in the Marischal College, Aberdeen—Price three fourths of a dollar. Of this book the Critical Re- viewers (vol. 69. p. 628) say: "We have seen nothing on these subjects more plain, more perspic- uous, or more generally useful."
5. Beauties of Poetry, British and American, containing select productions of the most eminent Bri- tish and American poets. Price four fifths of a dol- lar.
6. Blair's Sermons, containing the whole of the three volumes of the British edition, in two. Price two dollars.
7. Necker's Treatise on the importance of religious opinions. Price four fifths of a dollar.
8. Examination of the observations of Lord Shef- field's on American Commerce. Price, on very fine paper, five eighths of a dollar.
9. The Constitutions of the several United States, with the federal Constitution, &c. Price five eighths of a dollar.
10. M'Fingal, an epic poem, a new edition in 12mo. Price three eighths of a dollar.
11. American Jett Book, in two parts, with two very neat engravings. Price bound, three fifths of a dollar.
12. Garden of the Soul, by Bishop Chalenor. Price, bound plain, half a dollar, in calf and let- tered, three quarters of a dollar, plain 1-2dol.
13. The Douay Translation of the vulgate Bi- ble, in quarto. Price, elegantly bound and lettered, 50/6—plain, six dollars.
Said Carey has for sale, a large assortment of books, European as well as American editions, which he will dispose of on the most reasonable terms. Country gentlemen, who favor him with commands, may depend upon being supplied in the most satis- factory manner. A liberal allowance to such as pur- chase quantities for public libraries, or to sell again.
PROPOSALS For Printing, by Subscription, THE PUBLIC REPORTS FROM THE EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENTS OF THE GOVERNMENT of the UNITED STATES TO CONGRESS, Commencing with the present Government, and end- ing with the close of the Session of May 1792.
THIS work is intended to be printed in one volume octavo, estimated to contain between five and six hundred pages, and will be delivered to subscribers in boards at One Dollar and a half.
A complete collection of the Reports into a convenient and portable volume has been sug- gested to the publishers by several Members of Congress and other gentlemen, and they are now determined to proceed on with the work, provi- ded a competent number of subscribers appear to patronize the undertaking.
Subscriptions are received by CHILDS and SWAIN , the publishers, No. 209, Market- street, Philadelphia, and by the principal Book- sellers in the United States. May 24.
CHESTER TOWN & BALTIMORE STAGES.
THE Eastern-Shore Stage, by way of Ches- tertown to Baltimore, starts regularly from James Thompson's, Indian Queen, Fourth-street, Philadelphia, every Monday, Wednesday and Friday, mornings, precisely at 7 o'clock, and on the same mornings at 4 o'clock, from Mr. Grant's in Baltimore. The cultivation of the country, and goodness of the roads, together with the attention that shall be paid by the pro- prietors, will, it is hoped, be a sufficient induce- ment for a preference being given to this route. JAMES THOMPSON, ROBERT HODGSON.
N. B. Light Wagons for hire by James Thompson, at the Indian Queen.
** A few Copies of the Report of a Com- mittee of Congress on the causes of the failure of the Western Expedition, under Major- General St. Clair, for sale at the Office No. 109, Market-Street.
TO THE PUBLIC.
The Subscriber has it in contemplation to decide his present business—and having on hand a considerable quantity of superfine second and third cloths, together with a variety of other arti- cles in his way, proposes to sell them at the following reduced prices—
 Best Superfine navy blue 34/.  Ditto, ditto. Scarlet 36/.  Common colours superfine 32/.  Elastic stripes 9/.  London buff and white cassimirs 15/.  Ditto, coloured do. 15/.  Yorkshire do. do. 13/.  Striped toilenets 14/.  Ratinate 3/.  Striped Nankens 3/.  A variety of waistcoat shapes proportionably low, do.  Fancy buttons and trimmings do.  London best silk hose, from 22/6 to 24/. 
The above goods have been mostly imported from one of the first Mercantile houses in London, and are of an equal quality to any imported into Ameri- ca; they will be sold per piece or smaller quantity as may best suit the purchasers; by the public's most humble servant, JOHN SHEPHERD .
No. 3 South Fourth-street.
Any person disposed to purchase the whole of the above stock, may also have, on reasonable terms his present dwelling house, together with the store, a more eligible situation for business in the tailor's line is not to be found in this city. The advantage of this business being so well esta- blished by the proprietor will be very great, and from well known facts, needs no comment.
A lease of six years may be had of the house. May 14, 2aw. ff.
FOR BRISTOL,
THE SHIP
Birmingham Packet,
LEESON SIMMONS, Master;
A remarkable fast sailer, her cargo is all ready; nevertheless to accommodate those who may be disposed to put freight on board, it will be taken in. She will sail in a few days. The owners are determined that the ship shall leave Bristol with the first fair ships.
For freight or passage apply to the Captain on board lying at Walnut street Wharf, or
GEORGE MEADE.
Those who have goods on board are earnestly requested to enter them, take out their permits and give the necessary directions to their porter to attend the ship. May 16. 2aw
Washington, in the Territory of Columbia.
A PREMIUM
OF 500 dollars, or a medal of that value, at the option of the party, will be given by the Commissioners of the Federal Buildings to the person who, before the fifteenth day of July next, shall produce to them the most approved plan, if adopted by them, for a President's house to be erected in this city. The site of the building, if the artist will attend to it, will of course influence the aspect and outline of his plan, and its destination will point out to him the number, size, and distribution of the apartments. It will be a recommendation of any plan, if the central part of it may be detached and erected for the present, with the appearance of a complete whole, and be capable of admitting the additional parts, in future, if they shall be wanting. Draw- ings will be expected of the ground plans, elevations of each front, and sections through the building in such directions as may be necessary to explain the internal structure; and an estimate of the cubic feet of brickwork, composing the whole mass of the walls. THE COMMISSIONERS. March 14.
Washington, in the Territory of Columbia.
A PREMIUM
OF a lot in this City to be designated by impartial judges and 500 dollars; or a medal of that value, at the option of the party, will be given by the Commissioners of the Federal Buildings, to the person, who, before the fifteenth day of July 1792, shall produce to them the most approved plan, if adopted by them, for a Capitol to be erected in this city, and 250 dollars, or a medal for the plan deemed next in merit to the one they shall adopt. The building to be of brick, and to contain the following apartments, to wit. A conference room } Sufficient to A room for the Re- } accommodate presentatives } 300 persons each. A lobby or antichamber to the latter. A Senate room of 1200 square feet area. An antichamber or lobby to the last. 12 rooms of 600 square feet area, each, for committee rooms and clerks offices, to be of half the elevation of the former. Draw- ings will be expected of the ground plans, elevations of each front, and sections through the building in such directions as may be necessary to explain the internal structure, and an estimate of the cubic feet of brickwork composing the whole mass of the walls. THE COMMISSIONERS. March 14.
These rooms to be of full elevation.
PRINTED BY CHILDS AND SWAIN , AT THEIR OFFICE, NO. 209, HIGH-STREET NEAR FIFTH-STREET, PHILADELPHIA.