Gazette of the United-States. (New-York [N.Y.]), 1793-04-20 00:00:00

Gazette of the United States.
A NATIONAL PAPER, PUBLISHED WEDNESDAYS AND SATURDAYS BY JOHN FENNO, No. 34, NORTH FIFTH STREET, PHILADELPHIA.
[No. 93 of Vol. IV.]
SATURDAY, APRIL 20, 1793.
[Whole No. 415.]
LAW OF THE UNION.
SECOND CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES, AT THE SECOND SESSION, Begun and held at the City of Philadelphia, in the State of Pennsylvania, on Monday the fifth of November, one thousand seven hundred and ninety-two.
AN ACT to promote the progress of useful Arts, and to repeal the act heretofore made for that purpose.
BE it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America, in Congress assembled, That when any person or persons, being a citizen or citizens of the United States, shall alledge that he or they have invented any new and useful art, machine, manufacture or composition of matter, or any new and useful improvement on any art, machine, manufacture or composition of matter, not known or used before the application, and shall present a petition to the Secretary of State, signifying a desire of obtaining an exclusive property in the same, and praying that a patent may be granted therefor, it shall and may be lawful for the said Secretary of State, to cause letters patent to be made out in the name of the United States, bearing date by the President of the United States, reciting the allegations and suggestions of the said petition, and giving a short description of the said invention or discovery, and thereupon granting to such petitioner, or petitioners, his, her, or their heirs, administrators or assigns, for a term not exceeding fourteen years, the full and exclusive right and liberty of making, constructing, using, and vending to others to be used, the said invention or discovery, which letters patent shall be delivered to the Attorney-General of the United States, to be examined; who, within fifteen days after such delivery, if he finds the same conformable to this act, shall certify accordingly, at the foot thereof, and return the same to the Secretary of State, who shall present the letters patent thus certified, to be signed, and shall cause the seal of the United States to be thereunto affixed: and the same shall be good and available to the grantee or grantees, by force of this act, and shall be recorded in a book, to be kept for that purpose, in the office of the Secretary of State, and delivered to the patentee or his order.
Provided always, and be it further enacted, That any person, who shall have discovered an improvement in the principle of any machine, or in the process of any composition of matter, which shall have been patented, and shall have obtained a patent for such improvement, he shall not be at liberty to make, use or vend the original discovery, nor shall the first inventor be at liberty to use the improvement: And it is hereby enacted and declared, that simply changing the form or the proportions of any machine, or composition of matter, in any degree, shall not be deemed a discovery.
And be it further enacted, That every inventor, before he can receive a patent, shall swear or affirm, that he does verily believe, that he is the true inventor or discoverer of the art, machine, or improvement, for which he solicits a patent, which oath or affirmation may be made before any person, authorized to administer oaths, and shall deliver a written description of his invention, and of the manner of using, or process of compounding the same, in such full, clear and exact terms, as to distinguish the same from all other things before known, and to enable any person skilled in the art or science, of which it is a branch, or with which it is most nearly connected, to make, compound, and use the same. And in the case of any machine, he shall fully explain the principle, and the several modes, in which he has contemplated the application of that principle or character, by which it may be distinguished from other inventions; and he shall accompany the whole with drawings and written references, where the nature of the case admits of drawings, or with specimens of the ingredients, and of the composition of matter, sufficient in quantity for the purpose of experiment, where the invention is of a composition of matter; which description, signed by himself and attested by two witnesses, shall be filed in the office of the Secretary of State, and certified copies thereof
of shall be competent evidence, in all courts, where any matter or thing, touching such patent-right, shall come in question. And such inventor shall, moreover, deliver a model of his machine, provided, the Secretary shall deem such model to be necessary.
And be it further enacted, That it shall be lawful for every inventor, his executor or Administrator to assign the title and interest of the said invention, at any time, and the assignee having recorded the said assignment, in the office of the Secretary of State, shall thereafter stand in the place of the original inventor, both as to right and responsibility and to the assignees of assigns, to any degree.
And be it further enacted, That if any person shall make, devise and use, or sell the thing so invented, the exclusive right of which shall, as aforesaid, have been secured to any person by patent, without the consent of the patentee, his executors, administrators or assigns, first obtained in writing, every person, so offending, shall forfeit and pay to the patentee, a sum, that shall be at least equal to three times the price, for which the patentee has usually sold or licensed or other persons, the use of the said invention; which may be recovered in an action on the case founded on this act, in the circuit court of the United States, or any other court having competent jurisdiction.
Provided always, and be it further enacted, That the defendant in such action shall be permitted to plead the general issue, and give this act and any special matter, of which notice in writing may have been given to the plaintiff or his attorney, thirty days before trial, in evidence, tending to prove, that the specification, filed by the plaintiff, does not contain the whole truth relative to his discovery, or that it contains more than is necessary to produce the described effect, which concealment or addition shall fully appear to have been made, for the purpose of deceiving the public, or that the thing, thus secured by patent, was not originally discovered by the patentee, but had been in use, or had been described in some public work, anterior to the supposed discovery of the patentee or that he had surreptitiously obtained a patent for the discovery of another person: in either of which cases, judgment shall be rendered for the defendant, with costs, and the patent shall be declared void.
And be it further enacted, That where any State, before its adoption of the present form of government, shall have granted an exclusive right to any invention, the party claiming that right, shall not be capable of obtaining an exclusive right under this act, but on relinquishing his right under such particular State, and of such relinquishment, his obtaining an exclusive right under this act shall be sufficient evidence.
And be it further enacted, That the persons, whose applications for patents, were, at the time of passing this act, depending before the Secretary of State, Secretary at War, and Attorney-General, according to the act, passed the second session of the first Congress, intituled, "An act to promote the progress of useful arts," on complying with the conditions of this act, and paying the fees herein required, may pursue their respective claims to a patent under the same.
And be it further enacted, That in case of interfering applications, the same shall be submitted to the arbitration of three persons, one of whom shall be chosen by each of the applicants, and the third person shall be appointed by the Secretary of State; and the decision or award of such arbitrators, delivered to the Secretary of State, in writing and subscribed by them, or any two of them, shall be final, as far as respects the granting of the patent: And if either of the applicants shall refuse or fail to choose an arbitrator, the patent shall issue to the opposite party. And where there shall be more than two interfering applications, and the parties applying shall not all unite in appointing three arbitrators, it shall be in the power of the Secretary of State to appoint three arbitrators for the purpose.
And be it further enacted, That upon oath or affirmation being made, before the judge of the district court, where the patentee, his executors, administrators or assigns reside, that any patent, which shall be issued in pursuance of this act, was obtained surreptitiously, or upon false suggestion, and motion made to the said court, within three years after issuing the said patent, but not afterwards, it shall and may be lawful for the judge of the said district court, if the matter alleged shall appear to him to be sufficient, to grant a rule, that the patentee, or his executor, administrator or assign shall show cause, why process should not issue against him to repeal such patent. And if sufficient cause shall not be shown to the contrary, the rule shall be made absolute, and thereupon the said judge shall order process to be issued against such patentee, or his executors, administrators or assigns, with costs of suit. And in case, no sufficient cause shall be shown to the contrary, or if it shall appear, that the patentee was not the true inventor or discoverer, judgment shall be rendered by such court for the
repeal of such patent; and if the party, at whose complaint, the process issued, shall have judgment given against him, he shall pay all such costs, as the defendant shall be put to, in defending the suit, to be taxed by the court, and recovered in due course of law.
And be it further enacted, That every inventor, before he presents his petition to the Secretary of State, signifying his desire of obtaining a patent, shall pay into the Treasury thirty dollars, for which he shall take duplicate receipts; one of which receipts he shall deliver to the Secretary of State, when he presents his petition: and the money, thus paid, shall be in full for the sundry services, to be performed in the office of the Secretary of State, consequent on such petition, and shall pass to the account of clerk-hire in that office. Provided nevertheless, That for every copy, which may be required at the said office, of any paper respecting any patent, that has been granted, the person, obtaining such copy, shall pay, at the rate of twenty cents, for every copy-sheet of one hundred words, and for every copy of a drawing, the party obtaining the same, shall pay two dollars: of which payments, an account shall be rendered, annually, to the Treasury of the United States, and they shall also pass to the account of clerk-hire in the office of the Secretary of State.
And be it further enacted, That the act, passed the tenth day of April, in the year one thousand seven hundred and ninety, intituled, "An act to promote the progress of useful arts," be, and the same is hereby repealed. Provided always, That nothing, contained in this act, shall be construed to invalidate any patent, that may have been granted under the authority of the said act; and all patentees under the said act, their executors, administrators and assigns, shall be considered within the purview of this act, in respect to the violation of their rights: provided, such violations shall be committed, after the passing of this act.
JONATHAN TRUMBULL, Speaker of the House of Representatives. JOHN ADAMS, Vice-President of the United States, and President of the Senate. APPROVED, FEBRUARY 21. 1793. GEO. WASHINGTON, President of the United States.
[The following has been postponed some time for want of room.] For the GAZETTE of the UNITED STATES. New-Jersey, March, 1793.
MR. FENNO, I HAVE just received and read your paper of Wednesday, and am very happy to find that so large a majority of the late Congress, have pronounced the official conduct of the Secretary of the Treasury, to be clear of blame. Feeling it to be not only a privilege, but an important duty, for citizens to communicate to each other their sentiments on public men and measures, I shall take the liberty of stating to you some reflections on what has recently taken place at the seat of government.
It is to be hoped that there is a good intention with many, in the strictures which have been made on the Secretary's conduct, and in the opposition to those measures which are said to be indebted to him chiefly for their existence. Whatever may be the fumes of unfounded principles and corrupt morals in some who are engaged in this opposition—in others, I am for myself satisfied there is the purest virtue; and tho' I tremble at their political principles as endangering the happiness of my country, yet I revere the motives by which they are prompted to oppose. Indeed I have been grieved that bad design has been indiscriminately attributed to all who have condemned those federal measures, which, to such as think like myself on these subjects, appear essential to the dignity, honor and prosperity of our land. The aspersions too, with which those have been treated, who may justly be suspected of political hypocrisy—of usurping, and alas! of having the name of patriots, while they know not the elevated temper and delicious sensations of patriotism, was no small imprudence. These characters have, by this means, been too highly irritated; their evil dispositions, but the more inflamed, and, like air once fixed now rendered vigorous by heat, have burnt with violence, and have found vent in the most unjustifiable condemnation of the proceedings of Congress, and in groundless aspersions of the most valuable servants of the public. While it is right, yea an incumbent duty which we owe to ourselves and our dear posterity, to stem the torrent of ant federal opposition, let us do it with the dignity, coolness and candour, which belong to truth and ensure success. In taking up my pen, I would fain excite no one painful sensation in the breast of any citizen of the United States. Unless it were absolutely necessary, I would not even call up that indignation we all feel against hypocritical professions of the amor patriæ, and the deadly projects of party and personal profit. If it could be done, I would cool the minds of all—I would cleanse the foul hearts of those who are not for the happiness of others, and of thousands yet unborn—I would infuse into all Americans a tender love to one another, as brethren of one family—I would
bring them to embrace with unfeigned sincerity—and I would thus cement our union, and perpetuate our glory and our bliss. Though these things are out of reason to expect, yet it is pleasing to imagine them to the mind. But who can help lamenting, that man is himself his greatest enemy, and ever most stands in the way of his own good. Turning, but with reluctance, from what one would wish, to what may be reasonably looked for, I shall make some remarks in order to correct the violence of opposition, and to guard my countrymen against unwarily joining in it.
Who can examine the official character of the Secretary of the Treasury, observe his indefatigable industry in the service of his country, the order, accuracy and perfection in which he performs the weighty business of his department, without cordial approbation? Can any one discern the least backwardness or delay in exposing to the view of the public all his financial proceedings, even the most minute? Has there not been the utmost promptitude of obedience to the requisitions of Congress, directed to this point? Tho' by the Constitution, "a regular statement and account of the receipts and expenditures of all public money, shall be published, from time to time;" yet it is not the duty of Congress first to give direction for the drawing up and publishing of this statement and account? This article is found in the midst of the powers given to, and the restrictions laid on Congress. It is, therefore, in fact, a part of the general duty sketched out to Congress in the Constitution. In reducing this and other constitutional principles to practice, the Secretary is only as the instrument in the workman's hand. As the workman must will and move, before the instrument can execute any thing, so, if this article is to be complied with in all its spirit, and in its furthest extent, to Congress it belongs to will the compliance. Then, and not till then, is the Secretary to be blamed, when he is deficient in complying with Congressional injunctions. This, I believe, he never has been. In every instance within my knowledge, he has done all which Congress has enjoined. Here then let me ask, was it kind to impute, not in a private conversation, but on the floor of Congress, that is, in the hearing of all America and of all Europe—was it kind to impute a partial statement of receipts and expenditures, when no more had been required by Congress, to an infamous design of defrauding the public? Was it not impudent at the least, upon so flight, and as we have now seen, upon no foundation, to proclaim to all the world that corruption was already preying upon the vitals of our country? Are not forwardness and rashness the lowest charges which we must bring against such as have spread an alarm in the land, from misconceptions of the Secretary's reports, from a superficial understanding of the subjects of which they treat, and, tho' laudable, from an actual ignorance of, or as scandalous an inattention to, the nature of the laws? Well might the Secretary say, "I forbear to attempt to trace the source of a mistake so extraordinary." Indeed, in my opinion, he has "shown, and that in a conspicuous manner, fallacies enough, in the statement, from which the inference of an unaccounted for balance was drawn, to evince that it is one tissue of error."
I do not say there was malice, and a deliberate wicked design in the mover of the late investigations: this is very far from me, and I heartily disapprove of such insinuations without full proof. Our being thwarted in what we suppose necessary to the public good, should not make us call our opposers scoundrels. This is very wrong. Yet I must confess, some things force us to hard thoughts; and the proposal to defer the consideration of certain resolutions to the next Congress, so shocked me, as almost made my struggling good hopes of some ant federal patriots, give up the ghost.
On the whole, I am free in observing that there was evident ignorance and rashness in the accusations so publicly made against the Secretary of the Treasury; and I was most heartily rejoiced to see the result—in his coming forth from the furnace, as gold, more valuable and more bright in the public estimation.
I was rejoiced, because Congress have solemnly averred to the whole Union, that the apprehended corruption is not to be found. Would it not be a grievous calamity, an awful presage of the ruin of our country, if so soon, the pure region we live in had produced monsters to devour the land, to erect the destructive banners of aristocracy, and gather around them all that host of citizens who now rely on the justice and honour of government? When no such monsters are found, when existence is given to them only by the excessive jealousy of a too highly-temperamented patriotism in some, and by baseness in others—every friend to his country must heartily rejoice.
I rejoice moreover to see so large a portion of the members of Congress espousing federal principles, and discountenancing that extreme jealousy, and those disorganizing extravagant democratic principles, which, if not checked, would prove the ruin of this or any other nation.
(To be concluded in our next.)
* And when the Secretary seemed disposed spontaneously to act up to the spirit of the aforementioned article of the Constitution—when he did more towards it, in his reports to the House, than Congress had demanded—how egregiously uncautious and cruel to him, how affronting and injurious to every virtuous member of our Republic, is the insidious use which FRANKLIN [a late writer] has made of the Secretary's upright and voluntary disclosure.

Foreign Intelligence.
PARIS, February 11.
AS the opening of the campaign approaches, our attention is turned from our internal animosities to the external enemy. The most vigorous efforts to recruit the army are making both by the ministers and by individuals.
The committee of legislation proposed this morning, that those persons in custody for being engaged in insurrections on account of the dearth of provisions, should be released. After some debate, the Convention decreed a general amnesty for all offences of this description previous to the execution of the late King, murder and burning houses only excepted. Merlin obtained an extension of the amnesty to all offences committed in opposition to claims of feudal rights.
The Convention is now debating the plan of the Military Committee for recruiting and nationalizing the army—that is, putting an end to all distinction between troops of the line and volunteers. Both Pache and Roland are talked of for the Mayoralty. The former is said to have obtained a majority of the votes in several sections.
The citizens of Marseilles have made a contribution in specie of a million of livres for the support of the war.
We are flattered with hopes that none of Latouche's squadron foundered in the Mediterranean; that most of the ships and transports have joined Truguet; and that the object of the expedition, the conquest of Sardinia, will soon be achieved.
We have a report that Dubuc and Clairfontaine, agents from Martinico and Guadalupe, have concluded an agreement with the British ministry, for putting those islands under the protection of Great-Britain, in trust for Louis XVII. and that Bouille is to be furnished with transports, and a convoy to carry 8000 emigrants to St. Domingo, where he is to assume the title of Governor General of the French West India Colonies.
COPENHAGEN, Jan. 3.
By a royal edict of the 7th of November, 1792, the trade with the Danish settlements upon the coast of Guinea, is declared to be free to all nations whatsoever, without exception, trading in foreign built ships, and without any restraint respecting the articles of importation or exportation, including negroes: it being understood, however, that these shall not be exported till the end of the year 1802, conformable to the decree of the 16th of March, 1792: And it is ordered, that, for the maintenance of the forts, there shall in the mean time, be paid for every male or female negro, exported from the said settlements, and destined for the Danish and other colonies, the sum of ten crowns currency of Denmark. The half of this duty shall, however, be remitted on each female negro imported into the Danish West India islands, upon the production of the certificate of such female negro having been exported from the Danish settlement on the coast of Guinea, and of the duty on exportation having been duly paid.
AMSTERDAM, Feb. 13.
It is easy for an occasional resident to discover the prevailing anxiety of all ranks of people in this capital. An enemy is at the gates of the Republic, who, without any provocation from the government or from individuals, without any ground of jealousy or apprehension, and contrary to what that enemy has declared, and preached, and sworn, is now menacing its very vitals; and, under the pretext of peace and good-will to men, bringing thousands of unprincipled vagabonds to spread desolation among an honest, industrious people, and attempt the overthrow of that Constitution for which whole generations were born, and lived, and fought, and died in war, and which they now enjoy with every possible security and comfort.
Those who were generally called Patriots in the Seven Provinces, are not desirous of seeing an enemy that knows of no distinctions. The views of those Patriots, are to narrow the bottom of Aristocracy, and of Magistracy, by confining places and power to their own families. The influence of the Prince of Orange spreads those places, and that power among a greater number: the French would make it wider still, and leave the Patriots no more of either than would be granted to those who are now employed in the Rasp house. The frontier towns are but inadequately garrisoned. Maastricht is the most exposed, and it is the best defended. I am told the Hague garrison is to march to-morrow for Breda, and that the army begins to increase by the success of the recruiting service.
Letters are just received here to inform a number of the principal houses, that the Duke Frederick of Brunswick is arrived at Venloo, and has taken possession of that garrison with 6000 Prussians. This news gives great satisfaction, as Venloo was defenceless, and is only a few miles from Maastricht, commanding the same river. The same intelligence adds, that M. de Clairfait is informed of this advance of the Prussians, and will immediately settle with the Prince Frederick some early plan of attack.
The natural defence of Holland is at the same time applied to. Great tracts of the lands of the generality are under water; and it is said that precautions are taken on the rivers and the different straits in Zealand.
On the other hand, it is well known, that the Dutch, who have been expatriated since the year 1787, are assembled at Antwerp, where they are formed into a legion, called the Dutch Legion, composed, however, of whatever they can get into it, as well as of the native discontented. These men who brought their country to the edge of ruin, and beyond the edge of disgrace, by their disputes, and mode of settling those disputes with the Emperor Joseph in 1784; these men are now panting to introduce a most ravenous and unsatiable enemy into the heart of their mother country; these are all acting under the nod of Dumourier, and forget that he has thousands of armed Frenchmen, to whom he can also dictate, and who will not be satisfied with the mere sight of the riches of Holland.
LONDON, Feb. 18.
The militia in Ireland are to be 16,000, viz. a regiment of 500 for each county. The Majors, as well as adjutants, are to be constantly in pay.
Six 38 gun frigates, to be built in the river, were contracted for on Thursday last by the Commissioners of the Navy.
The military establishment for 1793 will be the greatest ever raised in Ireland by a vote of Parliament, since the landing of Henry II. upwards of 20,000 regulars, and a militia which will amount to 16,000; making in all an army of 36,000 men.
The post-office packets pass, as usual, from Dover to Calais; and other passage boats will soon.
The Prussian army are suffering dreadfully by the want of forage. The country, for fifty miles, on this side of Coblenz, is nearly covered with their dead horses.
The late unfortunate Louis XVI. was the first King that humanely interposed, and released his subjects from abject slavery. In the year 1788, he totally abolished the punishment of torture, which was in practice there from the earliest ages. He also allotted Council to all criminals, being the first indulgence ever granted them; and ordained, that no sentence of death be passed on any person, except found guilty by two thirds of his judges, although a majority of one judge was to acquit. Besides these acts of clemency, to shew his disinterestedness, and to destroy all temptation of perverting justice, he decreed that no forfeiture, in case the accused was found guilty, should take place, but from the day of sentence, and not from the day on which the crime
was committed. Ill fated Monarch! whose first and principal care was the restoring the freedom, encreasing the wealth, and easing the burthens of his subjects, and who in return, in the course of four years, was not only reviled, persecuted, and imprisoned, but at last brought to an untimely death—A lamentable instance of the instability of all human greatness! and an example to teach us with what contempt and disregard we should behold all the poms and vanities of this uncertain life.
Feb. 21. Mons. Pelitier, in his late picture of Paris, says, England is the only power that has effectually attacked France. Armies will have little force, unless they are preceded by measures capable of weakening the monster which is to be vanquished, and England alone has described the true place in which it was vulnerable. War must be declared against the assignats: those assignats with which the patriots have hitherto bought corn, iron, gold, and the secrets of their enemies, & with which they would buy their enemies themselves; if from one extremity of Europe to the other, they were totally proscribed, if all communication was intercepted from Archangel to Malta, the Republic would have neither a sack of corn, nor a horse, nor an ox, nor a cannon ball, and certainly before the expiration of six months, the three millions of armed Republicans, buried in an ocean of paper and murmurs, would fall at the feet of the coalesced powers, and give up their arms for a morsel of bread.
LIVERPOOL, Feb. 16.
A curious effigy of Paine the libeller, was prepared at Wigan, on Monday last, and lodged in the prison under a guard of two armed men. On Tuesday morning he was brought out in a cart, attended by a mock clerical, and taken to Scholes, where the best post he merited was ready to receive him. He was tucked up for about two hours, after which he was taken down and thrown into a fire, prepared for the purpose. The procession was attended by Capt. Stanley, and his new raised company of volunteers—who joined the populace in shewing their contempt for a character so highly worthy the derestation the people of this kingdom have so generally shewn him.
The above circumstance will be a severe shock to the tender feelings of a brother editor in another country, whose powers of sensibility have been so frequently wounded on similar occasions. We mean the man, who ridicules the idea of sorrow for the death of the French king—yet almost breaks his heart with grief and indignation at the mere report of his dear Paine being hung in effigy.
For some time it has been the fashion with our Liverpool ladies, to wear poppy coloured or dark red ribbands. But let them consider that the female savages of France, at this time wear the same colour, and call it the blood of Louis. Then in abhorrence of French barbarity, let our English ladies throw off with contempt those colours which are worn to distinguish the enemies of royalty and the lovers of human blood.
In the Exeter flying post of Thursday last, an umbrella maker, of the name of Driver, concludes his advertisement by saying, "It will be useless for any person to apply to him for umbrellas, oil-cases, cloaks, &c. but such as are friends to our excellent king and glorious constitution; as he is determined not to be the means of sheltering those from the inclemency of the weather, whose pernicious principles would expose the happiest nation in the world to the hideous forms of anarchy, confusion, insurrection, devastation, ruin, and murder."
Paine's speech on the question of the French king's being put to death, is said to be the most humane of any in the convention; which shews that the most mischievous, treacherous, and bad man in England, appears to be the best man in France.
Domestic Articles.
ALEXANDRIA, (Vir.) April 10.
We have good authority to inform the public, that boats are daily passing on Potowmac from Cumberland, and the intermediate space, to the Great Falls and the mouth of Watt's Branch, with flour and other produce; there have already been 4000 barrels landed at the Great Falls, and 3000 barrels at least landed at Watt's branch, this season; that William's port, has become the place of deposit for great part of the Andietera and Connegocheague settlements, even into Pennsylvania; and that it is calculated from 15 to 20,000 barrels of flour, besides iron, tobacco, Wheat, &c. will be brought down the Potowmac, through its improved navigation, in the course of the present year. The locks at the little falls will be finished in all September. There is a fair prospect that the vigor with which the Potowmac company are pursuing the object of their incorporation, will reduce the land carriage from George's Creek to tide-water, to 300 yards, before the first of January. Four hundred men are engaged in the work, and it is expected they will be increased to 600.
Cumberland is rising with more rapidity perhaps than any inland town in America, and the cash price of wheat there, from 4s. to 4s. 3d. (dollars at 7s. 6d.) is filling its well-nigh neighbourhood with industrious inhabitants.
The public works carrying on, in the city of Washington, now employ 250 men; and preparations for private buildings in the city, and erecting mills and other improvements in its vicinity, employ as great a number.
FREDERICKSBURGH, April 11.
A correspondent informs us, that a Patent will shortly pass the President's seal to secure to several congressional districts in this state, the benefits arising from a late and most important discovery they have made, that talents are not essential in legislation: But as an extension of this privilege to the usual term might create jealousies in other districts, it is expected the exclusive right will not be guaranteed to the inventors for a longer time than two years; during which period we shall doubtless have an opportunity of judging of this wonderful invention.
NORFOLK, (Vir.) April 10.
On Saturday last arrived here the sloop Farmers, Capt. Drinkwater, in 12 days from St. Martin's, by whom we have received the following intelligence.
That a vessel had arrived express from France in 22 days, at Guadalupe, on the 20th of March, and on the next morning war was proclaimed by beat of drum against the King and Parliament of England, and the United States of Holland; all the English and Dutch vessels were ordered to quit the port within 24 hours after the declaration—that the principal Dutch merchants at St. Eustatius were removing to St. Thomas's—that as soon as the intelligence was known at St. Martin's, the Dutch vessels were taken from the French port, and carried round to the Old Bay—that no intelligence had been received of the arrival of Lord Hood in any part of the West Indies, nor was there any greater British force than usual—that it was reported that Dumourier had made a successful incursion into Holland, and the day was fixed upon to determine the fate of the Queen.
BALTIMORE, April 12.
From a Correspondent.
We learn that the citizens of the state of Delaware, are to be invited to an union with those of Pennsylvania and Maryland, for the purpose of removing the obstructions in the Susquehanna, and rendering that river navigable through its several branches to the tide-water of the bay of Chesapeake, and of communicating the Chesapeake by means

of a cross-cut canal with the river Delaware.
Should the citizens of the state of Delaware approve the means, the several legislatures are, we understand, to be applied to for their sanction—How far such a plan would conduce to the true interests of the commerce of Maryland, or on the contrary be injurious to them, we do not presume to judge, but leave the discussion of this subject to persons better acquainted with its merits. We however think it our duty, thus early to announce from very good authority, such a scheme being in agitation, in order that the public and those concerned may consider in time the object in all its various points of view, and throw such light thereon, as its importance and magnitude require.
WASHINGTON, April 10.
Yesterday was the day appointed by the Commissioners, for their decision on a Plan for the HOTEL, in conformity to the terms of the Lottery Scheme. Ten were presented, so varied in their beauties, as to astonish the collection of gentlemen who were present at the pleasing exhibition. After many observations, on the rapid progress in American Architecture, which it is presumed the several public prizes of Washington, have tended to promote; the Commissioners were only hurt at their not having the power to reward each artist according to merit—after due consideration, the drawing of Mr. James Hoban of Charleston, South-Carolina, was preferred. The Principal Building of the Hotel will have a front of 120 feet, and the largest Room will be 40 by 60 feet; the file of the whole, will far exceed any building at present known in America: the workmen are already at the foundation, on Square N. 432, central, between the President's house and the Capitol.
PROVIDENCE (R. I.) April 11.
The account of the war in Europe, variously agitates all classes of citizens—but there are two classes on whose conduct our prosperity in this eventful crisis much depends—It will be the duty as well as the interest of the Farmers, and all who have ground to cultivate, to fill it with a plenty of seed of all kinds of grain; for it is certain that a great demand, and of course large prices will be given for every article in that way the ensuing fall and winter;—while our Farmers will thus be doing their part, our Merchants we hope will avoid every thing which may tend to involve us in the vortex of European politics and war—this their duty as well as their interest dictate—and from the patriotism heretofore displayed by these classes of citizens, we have every reason to anticipate peace and prosperity.
NEW-YORK, April 15.
Yesterday arrived from Calcutta, after a passage of four months and 15 days, the ship America, Captain Bright.
By this arrival we have received accounts, that Tippoo Saib has so far complied with the requisitions of the treaty, as to pay two pagodas of the three which he was to pay to the English. Tippoo's two sons are still remaining at Calcutta.
It appears that the success of the English against Tippoo, was principally attributed to the bravery of some Americans (about 60 in number) who were officers in the army of Lord Cornwallis. These Americans were taken during the late war in America, sent over to London as prisoners, and from thence sent to the East-Indies as private soldiers; where, by their good conduct they were promoted.
It was supposed in India when the America came away, that Tippoo certainly would make another attempt on the English the first favorable opportunity. This restless ambitious man, appears far from being satisfied with the late treaty, and if the French were to think of an attack upon the English settlements in India, Tippoo would be a powerful friend to them, and might be fatal to the English.
A number of American vessels had sailed for Ostend, laden with sugar, when the America came away.
The America's cargo consists almost entirely of sugar.
Extract of a letter to a respectable mercantile house in this city, dated Falmouth, Feb. 15, via Philadelphia.
The English government have lately given 34s. per barrel for flour, and in proportion for wheat, to be landed in Great-Britain (but only by American bottoms) they continue to purchase thereat, and the French agents also. We are landing here some cargoes sold to our government, and others we are about to forward to France, by order of our correspondent; prices keep up in Spain and Portugal, so that we think the cargoes expected, will sell well, unless our government should cease to purchase. We sold a few days since, a cargo of 270 tons of flour, at 34s. per barrel, superfine, and 32s. fine, if the war continues we expect American vessels will get good freights. An embargo is laid on all English vessels.
27th Feb. It is said that our government hope to buy under 34s. per barrel.
The National Convention have decreed that the prizes made by the cruisers belonging to the republic shall be equally divided between the French crew and the crew of the
vessel taken. If an armed vessel is captured, the admiralty shall purchase the prize and the amount be divided as above.
Thursday, last week the corner stone of the new Episcopal Church in this city, was laid at the ground appointed for that purpose, in Ann Street.
For the GAZETTE of the UNITED STATES.
WHY should the voice of afield be permitted again to elevate itself in this happy land, where liberty and peace have at length found an asylum—a country rich in the choicest gifts of Heaven to favor'd man! A happy clime and bounteous soil, where a philosophic spirit of tranquility should rather incite the social, the civilized, the scientific husbandman, to "beat the sword into a ploughshare, the spear into a pruning-hook, and learn the destructive art of war no more."
"Ah, thrice happy, if we knew our happy state!"
Though the capricious, the idle, the selfish, the disappointed and the ambitious, may attempt to conceal the real deformity of their characters beneath the mantle of patriotism, the disguise will sooner or later fall off, and their native distortions will be disclosed to the indignant view of their honest, candid, peaceable fellow-men.
Let all the well-meaning citizens of this free country drop the idle distinctions that different political creeds have formerly introduced; and as terms Whig and Tory seem to have been, for some years past, by mutual consent consigned to oblivion, let them rest in peace! Let us not resuscitate a semblance of ancient feuds under the newly adopted designations of Aristocrat and Democrat; but let all the liberal well-informed inhabitants of this favorite retreat of rational freedom, give to the world a new example of unanimity and perseverance in support of a well-ordered government, and thus show themselves worthy of enjoying virtuous Independence!
Let us assiduously cultivate the arts of peace, and diffuse those sublime ideas of universal philanthropy, which the contemplation of equal rights and equal laws naturally inspires.
When any one citizen has eminently distinguished himself by his exertions for the public prosperity and happiness, let each individual of the community express his approbation and gratitude at any time, in any way he pleases, provided it be not repugnant to the existing laws and inconsistent with the good order of society; and let not the annals of America be soiled with illiberal animadversions on such laudable conduct. But at the same time, let us studiously endeavor to prove, that in this enlightened country, LAWS govern, and not MEN. Let us inculcate the doctrine, that with respect to the operation of the laws, all men are perfectly equal; in other respects, inequalities will inevitably arise between man and man, which must exist in some form or other, so long as divine wisdom supports that system which Omnipotence first created.
Whatever is inconsistent with justice among men, is repugnant to the will of God, as implied in his attributes. Let no one then impiously attempt to level distinctions sanctioned by God and the common sense of mankind.
Let us endeavor to promote universal benevolence, and cherish the wish that all the inhabitants of this Globe may be taught to love each other as brethren, and that they may cordially unite in addressing to Heaven the same hymn of Love, Veneration and Gratitude!
Philadelphia, April 18, 1793. N. N.
For the GAZETTE of the UNITED STATES.
THOUGHTS ON THE STATE OF AMERICAN INDIANS.
(Continued from No. 91, of this Gazette.) No. IV.
ANOTHER cause of the consumption of the Indians is the multiplication of wars. The first settlers were more attentive to secure their establishment than to cultivate the affections of the natives—The latter soon perceived that the success of their new guests was incompatible with their interests, and destructive of their mode of life. Jealousy quickly kindled hostilities, and excited a spirit of animosity between the two nations—frequent encounters took place, in which the discipline and arms of the whites gave them a decided superiority, and wasted the strength and impaired the numbers of the savages.—Ignorant of the military art, and destitute of the means of conducting war, they easily became a prey to their more polished and skilful neighbors.—It is not necessary to enumerate the various engagements which have taken place, the history of almost every state furnishes more or less.—But the hostilities between their own tribes have been much more frequent, and probably much more destructive than their contests with the whites. The occasions of war among them are numerous and frequent—Encroachments on their hunting grounds—the obstruction of those paths through which custom and the tacit consent of the neighboring tribes have given them a right to pass—a thirst for revenge, the emulation of valor, and the intemperate ardor of young warriors, impatient to try their strength, are perpetual sources of discord among them. The manner of conducting hostilities, the conduct of the victors, and the national and hereditary feuds which these engender, are unfeeling sources of consumption. From their infancy, they are taught to consider the character of a warrior as their highest glory—and the habits of their education are all calculated to inspire them with courage, with skill, and an ambition for distinction in war. The highest praise of a warrior consists in destroying as many of the enemy with as little loss to his own party as possible. After victory, they dispatch such as they are unable to remove without difficulty—the remainder they conduct to their tribe, to be adopted into their families, or to satiate their unrelenting vengeance, by suffering every torture their ingenuity can invent or their cruelty inflict. In
case of pursuit, they dispatch their prisoners, to prevent their being released by their countrymen. Those of the captives who are pretty far advanced in life, and have been successful warriors, are always marked victims of their vengeance. They have no idea of sparing and exchanging prisoners. Their national antipathies are generally hereditary; fathers bequeath their animosity to their children, and these rivalships continue from age to age.
These contentions existed among the Indians indeed before the settlement of the country by the Europeans—but they have multiplied and animated them—they have furnished them with more deadly weapons of destruction, and whetted their natural appetite for blood, by the allurements of an intoxicating reward. By distracting their councils, by preventing any concert in their measures, and by nourishing the natural enmity of the tribes, they rendered them the instruments of each other's destruction.
The French and English also, whose intrigues and ambition have kept this country from its first settlement embroiled in war, availed themselves of the credulity of the natives, and made them the dupes of their artifice and a sacrifice to their aggrandizement. The unhappy influence of these wars on population, needs no illustration. They constitute perhaps the most powerful cause of the decay of the Indians.
The use of spirituous liquors, in like manner, has had a fatal efficacy of the like nature. All barbarous nations are found to be excessively fond of strong drink. Whether this arises from their constitution, the poverty of their food, or merely from the excessive use of it, I pretend not to determine—perhaps all these causes concur in producing this effect. In experience we find, that whenever they can procure it in any abundance, they scarcely ever fail to become the victims of their temerity. The restraints it removes—the passions which it inflames—the vices to which it prompts, and the disorders which it creates, have the most unhappy influence in weakening their strength and in diminishing their numbers. This cause, however, could have a partial influence only, as the use of spirits has never been general among them, and could only be procured from the whites.
The small-pox also deserves a place in an enumeration of the causes which have contributed to the consumption of the Indians—This has always carried destruction and dismay whenever it has been disseminated among them—few have survived this disorder. It is uncertain whether this is to be ascribed to their peculiar constitution or mode of life.—Their manner of treating it is known to be unskilful and dangerous. Nor has the success of inoculation been such as we should have expected. It is evident therefore that the diminution of the sources of subsistence, the practice of war, the use of spirituous liquors, and the small-pox, have contributed to lessen the number of Indians—and inasmuch as number favours the improvement of society, to retard the progress of civilization among them. In effect we find that the Indians do not increase—they do not indeed continue stationary—their marriages do not replace the parents; the greater part of their children die in infancy—some tribes are wholly extinct, others are considerably lessened, and the whole number of Indians is greatly diminished.
Philadelphia, April 20.
The French are now prosecuting an expedition against the King of Sardinia—they expect to conquer the island.
It is said that the people of Courland, a large Dutchy in the north of Europe have revolted and drove their Duke out of the territory—and immediately declared themselves free.
A letter, said to be from London, to an Editor of one of the Baltimore papers, says, that the English Government are in the greatest dread, lest the French should land 150,000 men on their coast—the writer adds, that were such a circumstance to take place, the French would in the course of three days find their numbers encreased to 600,000, as the Republican party is very numerous and determined.
Four English frigates, it is reported, are cruising off Hispaniola.
The time appointed by the Commissioners of the Federal Buildings, for making divisions and assignments of Lots in the City of Washington, is extended to the 17th day of June next.
By a gentleman from New-London, says the Norwich Packet, we learn, that on Tuesday last, Capt. Joseph Smith, arrived there, in 13 days from Guadalupe, who informs, that previous to his sailing, the islands of Guadalupe and Martinico were both given up to the English by the inhabitants—and the British flags were displayed on the forts of both islands. Capt. Smith brought a number of passengers.
Isaac Coles, Esq. is elected a Representative in Congress from the State of Virginia—and not Matthew Clay, Esq. as mentioned in a former Gazette.
The PRESIDENT of the UNITED STATES arrived in town last Wednesday.
SAYS A CORRESPONDENT, The revolution of France, while it appeared to have for its object the destruction of the ancient despotism and the securing of the equal rights of men under a free and a just government, was exulted in by every friend of mankind in America and in Europe. But when assassinations, murders, levellings, and depredations desolated the country, and the foul fiends of anarchy and confusion seized the reins of government, HORSE deplored her towering crest, and WISDOM shed a tear while reading another page of humanity so similar to all that time had before inscribed in the annals of man.
The Knoxville Gazette of the 23d March, contains accounts of various recent murders and depredations committed by the Indians, in the South Western Territory.—On the 16th Feb. they stole ten horses in Jefferson County. On the 9th March James and Thomas Nelsn (brothers)—on the 18th two young men by the name of Clements—and on the 22th a man by the name of Taylor were killed. Creeks, Cherokees, and Shawanees were the perpetrators of these murders.—A letter from Nashville says, the Creeks are as busy in killing as if they had been paid three thousand dollars for so doing, in the room of fifteen hundred to keep the peace they have made with the United States—and the Cherokees follow their worthy example.
Extract of a letter from Britain, dated Nov. 3, 1790.
"Liberty is the object of veneration by every upright mind—but nothing is such an enemy to that, as the licentiousness that weakness and folly have dignified with that sacred name of late—And we here, are at present in such a high tide of prosperity, as to engender an infinity of chimerical notions on that subject, which are highly dangerous. You are in the same train—though you have not yet advanced so far—but neither have your legislators provided such barriers to guard against its effects as we have, so that I think it is a moot-point to say which is in greatest danger of soonest suffering by it. I rather am inclined to think it is yourselves. You will perceive that I am no advocate for any party—and therefore I blame and approve, with perfect freedom, whatever I think right or wrong, without respect to persons."
Extract from Mr. Blanchard's Journal, of his 45th Aerial Tour.
I SHOULD have forgotten my earthly existence, had I not recollected some observations, which several learned gentlemen had requested me to make.—At 10h. 36. 37. 38m. I found that I was in a state of perfect equilibrium in the midst of a stagnant fluid; I made haste to avail myself of this happy circumstance, in order to execute the commissions I had been charged with.
EXPERIMENT I.
I began with emptying the six bottles which Doctor Casper Wistar, had put in my Car, containing divers liquors; they were then, all filled with that atmospheric air wherein I was floating, and were stopped up hermetically, as the accuracy of the experiment required.
EXPERIMENT II.
Doctor Rush had requested me to make an observation on the pulsation of the arteries, when I should be arrived at my greatest height. I found it impossible to make use of his quarter minute glass which he had provided for that purpose, but I supplied its place by an excellent second hand watch; and the result of my observations gave me 92 pulsations in the minute, (the average of four observations made at the place of my highest elevation) whereas, on the ground, I had experienced no more than 84 in the same time, average of 4 observations, difference 8 pulsations more at the height of 5312 English feet, where I then was.
EXPERIMENT III.
I had been requested by Doctor Plunket F. Glentworth to make experiments in the ethereal regions with a load-stone, which he had left me. On the ground it raised 512 oz. avoirdupois, but at the aforesaid height it would hardly bear 4 oz.
EXPERIMENT IV.
The lowest state of the mercury in the barometer after having brought its surface in its lower reservoir to its proper level, and corrected its dilatation, was 69 lines 9 16 French measure, or 74 lines 8 16 English measure, which according to Mariot, Boyle, Deluc, and Father Cote, gives an elevation of 925 toises 1 foot and 6 inches, (the toise is 6 feet) or 5431 feet 6 inches French measure, and at the usual reduction 968 fathom 4 feet, or 5312 English measure. This was the highest elevation of my balloon, without having thrown out any of my ballast, except the liquor contained in the six bottles given to me by Doctor Wistar. At this moment, 38 minutes after 10 o'clock, the thermometer of Reaumur 9d. Fahrenheit's 52d. 3 10."
COMMUNICATIONS.
While our complainers tell us what they do not like, will they be pleased to tell us explicitly what they would like. The best way to judge is by comparison. We make no doubt they are good hands to pull down—let us see their talents as builders. From what we have seen, we are afraid they handle the pick-ax better than the trowel. Any fool can put a fire-brand to a temple.
We have been told of the dangerous influence of titles. To those who maintain that sounds are substances we recommend to keep a strict watch lest the enemies of liberty should take advantage of some unguarded spot and entrench themselves. It is surprising that the title of reverend applied to the clergy should have remained unensured till lately. But the high founding titles of the Grand Lodges of the Free Masons, with their Right Worshipful Grand Masters and their Most Worshipful Grand Secretaries must be abolished or Liberty will not live to see another new-year's day.
ARRIVED at the PORT of PHILADELPHIA.
Ship William Penn, Josiah, London Brig Christiana, Brown, Aux Cayes Schooner Betsey, Keen, Cape Francois Sloop Richmond, Walker, Virginia
PRICE OF STOCKS.
6 per Cents, 17 1/2 3 per Cents, 10 3/4 Deferred, 10 7/8 Full shares Bank U. S. 9 to 10 per cent. prem.

FRENCH ANECDOTES.
THE ci-devant Duc d'Orleans, was ever the avowed enemy of the widowed queen; not from any real insult or injury he ever received from her, but because her vivacity and wit sometimes led her to ridicule his follies and vices. Some years since, when the duke began to build upon the gardens of the palais royal, the inhabitants of Paris, murmuring at his conduct in depriving them of their favorite walk, grew highly incensed against him. The lovely queen, who had heard of the discontent among the people, and who ever wished to contribute to their pleasure and happiness, said jocosely to Monsieur d'Orleans, "my cousin you will not have much trouble or expence in finding materials for your new buildings; for I find all the inhabitants of Paris are ready to throw stones at you." This innocent pleasantry was however one of the crimes never forgotten by the duke, and never mentioned but with a threat of vengeance.
The late unfortunate king of France was not only the tenderest of fathers, but the most constant of husbands; of which the following well known anecdote will bear witness: About ten years since, the wife of a Bourgeoisie in Paris, remarkable for her beauty, made a point of following the king to all public places, even his morning rides were attended by the ambitious Enamorata. The king being informed of her motive, one morning, while taking his exercise in the Bois de Bologne, near Paris, stopp'd his horse, and addressed the lady to the following purport:—"If you follow me from idle curiosity, madam, I think by this time that curiosity might be satisfied; if from a desire to draw my attention, I will save you the trouble; for while my wife is the first object of my affections, I have no occasion for a mistress." Such was the victim of an inhuman people, the first truly virtuous monarch that misguided France ever had to boast of!
Just published, By THOMAS DOBSON, At the Stone House, No. 41, South Second-Street, A CASE, Decided in the SUPREME COURT of the UNITED STATES, in which is discussed the Question, WHETHER A STATE IS LIABLE TO BE SUED BY A PRIVATE CITIZEN OF ANOTHER STATE? Price Half a Dollar.
TO THOSE CONCERNED IN MILLS IN THE UNITED STATES. OLIVER EVANS, late of the state of Delaware, informs the public, that he has removed to Philadelphia, No 437, North Second-Street, where he will thankfully receive any applications for the use of his Patent Improvements on Mills, and the art of manufacturing Flour. He will furnish those who are not sufficiently acquainted with the principles of his improvements, with drawings and descriptions, that will enable them to erect all the different machines necessary to perform the operations of cleaning, grinding, bolting, and of bolting over the middlings or coarse meal, and grinding it over with the grain, so as to finish all together, thereby making the greatest quantity of superfine flour that the grain will produce at one operation. He has been at much expence in collecting the different and most approved constructions of mills and plans for bolting, and the quality, size, and manner of dressing the mill-stones, suitable to the power of the mill, and quality of the grain; and will assist in planning mills from the foundation, and make drawings thereof, if required. He has for sale, Bolting Cloths and Mill-Stones, of the first quality, at the lowest prices, which he will warrant. If the stones prove not good, they will be received again, and the cost of carriage paid. Those who apply for either stones or cloths, will please to mention the power of the mill, size of the bolting-reels, quality of the grain, and on what business it is to run. Orders by post, or otherwise, will be as punctually attended to as if the parties were present. Philadelphia, April 13. iawgw
TO BE SOLD, A noted covering Horse, OF THE HUNTING BREED. HE was imported from England in November, seventeen hundred and eighty-six, and is now ten years old; he is a bright bay, with a blaze, fifteen hands one inch high, is well formed, has a great deal of bone and strength, and his action equal to any horse. His colts are well approved of in the different parts of the State where he has stood, of which any person inclined to purchase can inform themselves.—Enquire of the Printer. February 18, 1793. 8c
JUST PUBLISHED, By Thomas Dobson, Bookseller, at the Stone-House, in Second Street, PHILADELPHIA, VOLUME VIII, OF ENCYCLOPÆDIA: OR, A DICTIONARY OF ARTS, SCIENCES, AND MISCELLANEOUS LITERATURE, On a Plan entirely new: BY WHICH THE DIFFERENT SCIENCES AND ARTS are digested into the Form of Distinct, TREATISES OR SYSTEMS: THIS VOLUME CONTAINS
AN Account of the Cap- of Good Hope, Grafting, Universal Grammar, Galleys, Greece, Greenland, Guam, Guinea, Gunnery, Happiness, Harmony, Bear, Hepatic-Air, Heraldry, Hindostan, Hippopotamus, History, New-Holland, Horse, Horsemanship, Hottentots, Hunting, Husbandry, Hydrometer, with a great variety of Biographical and Miscellaneous Articles. Embellished with sixteen Copperplates.
CONDITIONS. I. The work is printing on a superfine paper, and new types, (cast for the purpose) which will be occasionally renewed before they contract a worn appearance. II. The work is furnished in boards, in volumes or half-volumes, as subscribers chuse; the price of the whole volumes, five dollars each, of the half-volumes two dollars and two-thirds, of a dollar each. Ten dollars to be paid on subscribing, the volumes or half-volumes, finished to be paid for when delivered, the price of one volume to be paid in advance, and the price of each succeeding volume to be paid on delivering the volume preceding it. No part of the work will be delivered unless paid for. III. In the course of the publication will be delivered about five hundred copperplates elegantly engraved in Philadelphia; which by far exceed in number those given in any other scientific dictionary. At the close of the publication will be delivered an elegant frontispiece, the dedication, preface, and proper title pages for the different volumes. It is expected the work will be comprised in about eighteen volumes in quarto.
As several gentlemen who have honored this undertaking with early subscriptions, have only received a small part of the work, they are earnestly requested to complete their sets, as far as published, immediately, while the publisher still has it in his power to supply them with the parts which have not been furnished. As the subscription will very possibly be closed by the first of July next, the publisher cannot undertake to complete sets after that period; and those who wish to become possessors of this truly valuable and important work, will please apply before the expiration of that time, that they may not be disappointed. The very heavy expence necessarily incurred in carrying on this work, makes it indispensably requisite for the publisher to adhere more strictly than he has done to the original condition, of delivering the volumes only on being paid for them. April 6, 1793. eptm
DISTRICT OF PENNSYLVANIA, to wit. BE IT REMEMBERED, That on the thirteenth day of March, in the seventeenth year of the Independence of the United States of America, THOMAS DOBSON, of the said District, hath deposited in this Office, the Title of a Book, the Right whereof, he claims as Proprietor, in the words following, to wit.
"An Enquiry how far the Punishment of Death is necessary in Pennsylvania. With Notes and Illustrations. By William Bradford, Esq. To which is added, an Account of the Gaol and Penitentiary House of Philadelphia, and of the interior Management thereof. By Caleb Lownes, of Philadelphia.—If we enquire into the Causes of all human Corruptions, we shall find that they proceed from the Impunity of Crimes, and not from the Moderation of Punishments." Montesq.
In conformity to the Act of the Congress of the United States, intitled, "An Act for the Encouragement of Learning, by securing the Copies of Maps, Charts and Books, to the Authors and Proprietors of such Copies, during the Times therein mentioned." SAMUEL CALDWELL, Clerk of the District of Pennsylvania.
THE public are hereby informed, that the Post-Road from Philadelphia to Reading, is continued to Sunbury and Northumberland; thence up the West Branch of the Susquehannah as far as Lichomming; thence to the Painted Post (in New-York State, near the forks of the Tioga) thence to Bath (a town laid out on the Cohocton Branch of the Tioga) thence to Williamburg, at the forks of Genesee River. Letters for this new route will be sent from the Philadelphia Post-Office every Wednesday morning, at eight o'clock, with the mail for Reading. A weekly mail will also be carried from Bethlehem to Willkabarre, in the county of Luzerne. General Post-Office, April 6, 1793.
Morse's Geography, Revised, corrected, and greatly enlarged, with many additional Maps, well engraved.
In a few weeks will be published, By THOMAS and ANDREWS, Faust's Statue, No. 45. Newbury-Street, Boston, In Two Volumes, large Octavo.
A NEW Edition of the AMERICAN GEOGRAPHY: Being the largest and the best system of GEOGRAPHY ever published: Or a complete GEOGRAPHY of the WORLD, brought down to the present time. IN TWO PARTS. The General Contents are—
PART I.—Of Astronomy, as connected with, and introductory to the science of Geography: under this head will be given an account of the several astronomical systems of the World, and a particular description of the true one. A table of the diameters, periods, &c. of the several Planets in the solar system—an account of the Comets and fixed stars.
Of GEOGRAPHY—its use and progress—figure, magnitude and motion of the Earth—Doctrine of the Sphere—Geographical circles—Divisions of the Earth into zones and climates—methods of finding the latitude and longitude of places from celestial observations—Globes, and their use—with a number of the most useful and entertaining Geographical Problems and Theorems—Maps, and their use—sources of heat and cold—theory of the winds and tides—length of miles in different countries—natural divisions of the Earth—account of the Gregorian or new style, &c.
AMERICA—Its discovery by Columbus—general description of the Continent, in which is a lengthy discussion of the question, When, whence, and by whom, was America first peopled? With a long and entertaining account of the Indians, and the late discoveries on the north-west coast, &c.—NORTH AMERICA—chronological account of its discovery and settlements, its divisions—DANISH AMERICA, BRITISH AMERICA, UNITED STATES OF AMERICA—general description of them, including a history of the late war, and many other useful and entertaining matters. SOUTH AMERICA—its divisions, particular description of its several provinces and countries. WEST INDIA ISLANDS, &c.
This part of the work will be illustrated by maps of the countries described, from the correctest copies.
PART II.—Containing every thing essential which is contained in the best and latest quarto edition of Guthrie's and other British Geographies, with selections from celebrated navigators, travellers and respectable authors of other nations, &c. Of EUROPE in general—its grand divisions, particular geographical descriptions of its several Kingdoms and Republics, &c. Of ASIA—its situation, boundaries, general history, particular descriptions of its several divisions, &c. Of AFRICA—its general history, boundaries, grand divisions, &c. Also, new discoveries, Terra Incognita, Geographical Table, alphabetically arranged—Chronological Table of remarkable events, discoveries and inventions, list of men of learning and genius, with other useful miscellany.
This part will also be illustrated with maps of the countries described.
TO THE PUBLIC. THE Author is sensible that the first edition of his American Geography (which makes Part I. of the above work) was in many instances defective, in others erroneous, and in some offensive. It has been his endeavour, as it was his desire, in the present edition, to supply the deficiencies, correct the errors, and ameliorate the offensive parts of the last. To assist him in this business, he has received many valuable communications from the heads of departments in the general government, and from gentlemen of respectability in the several states. The description of foreign countries (which composes Part II. of the above work) has been carefully compiled from the most approved writers on Geography, and useful information introduced from the discoveries of the latest Navigators, Travellers, and respectable authors. Indeed, no pains nor expense have been spared to render this work the most complete, accurate, and useful of any ever offered to the public.
City of Washington.
JANUARY 7th, 1793. A NUMBER of Lots in this City will be offered for sale at auction, by the Commissioners, on the 17th day of September next. One fourth part of the purchase money is to be paid down, the residue at three equal annual payments with yearly interest on the whole principal unpaid.
JOHN M. GANTT, Clerk to the Com'rs. Extract of an Act of the General Assembly of Maryland, concerning the Territory of Columbia, and the City of Washington. "Be it enacted, That any foreigner may by deed or will, hereafter to be made, take and hold lands within that part of the said Territory which lies within this State, in the same manner as if he was a citizen of this State; and the same lands may be conveyed by him, and transmitted to and be inherited by his heirs or relations, as if he and they were citizens of this State: Provided, That no foreigner shall, in virtue hereof, be entitled to any further or other privilege of a citizen." Jan. 19. ef
TICKETS In the FEDERAL CITY LOTTERY, May be had at SAMUEL COOPER'S Ferry.
PLANS OF THE City of Washington, Sold by the BOOKSELLERS, DOBSON, CAREY, YOUNG, & CRUKSHANK. Wanted to complete files of this Gazette numbers 79 and 80—Six pence each will be paid by the Editor for a few of those numbers.
Vinall's Arithmetick.
THE Second Edition of this work, with improvements, will speedily be put to press. The rapid sale of the first edition, greatly beyond the author's most sanguine expectations, encourages him to print a second edition. He hopes that the former, and with a new type, will be found more correct than the latter. Those Booksellers who wish to take a number of copies in sheets, are requested to apply to the author for particulars. At a meeting of the SCHOOL COMMITTEE, February 5th, 1793.
The Committee, appointed to examine "The Preceptor's Assistant, or Student's Guide," being a systematical treatise of Arithmetick, by JOHN VINALL, teacher of the Mathematics & Writing, in Boston, reported, that they have attended that service, and are of opinion, that the work is executed with judgment, and is as well calculated for the use of schools, counting houses, and private families, as any of the same compass that has hitherto been offered to the public.
VOTED, That the above report be accepted, and that Mr. VINALL be furnished with a copy of it, whenever he shall desire it. Copy of the Records. Attest, CHARLES BULFINCH, Sec'y.
The following character of the above work, is given in the Review of the Massachusetts Magazine, for Jan. 1793: "This is a very useful work, and is no ill proof of the judgment and industry of the author. The rules are laid down with propriety, and the examples annexed are sufficient for their illustration. One part of the work deserves particular commendation. We mean that which the author titles "Mercantile Arithmetick." It occupies a considerable portion of his book, but not more than its importance will justify. We would recommend to the young Arithmetician to pay a particular attention to this branch. He will find its principles well explained. And should he make himself master of them, he will always have reason to acknowledge his obligation to the judicious and laborious author. We cannot but congratulate the rising generation on account of the many useful productions which have lately appeared; and in which their improvement has been principally consulted. Among these productions we must place this treatise of Arithmetick. We should be wanting in justice to the author, should we not acknowledge that his work is in reality that which its title imports—THE PRECEPTOR'S ASSISTANT, or STUDENT'S GUIDE." I. C. A. A. A. S. Boston, Feb. 13.
An Ordinance for securing the punctual Payment of the Monies due on the Subscriptions to the Society for establishing Useful Manufactures.
WHEREAS doubts have heretofore arisen with regard to the power of the Society to annex any penalties to the non-payment of the instalments, agreeably to the terms of the subscriptions. And whereas the Legislature at their last session, passed a supplement to the original law of incorporation, removing the said doubts, and fully authorizing the Directors to pass any ordinance they may think proper, to compel the punctual payment of the said subscriptions.
Sec. 1. Be it ordained, therefore, by the Governor and Directors of the Society for establishing Useful Manufactures, That if any subscriber or his assigns, shall neglect to pay the second payment of his, her, or their respective subscriptions, together with the lawful interest arising thereon, either to the cashier of the United States Bank Office of Discount and Deposit, at New-York, the cashier of the Bank of New-York, the cashier of the Bank of the United States, in Philadelphia, or John Bayard, Esq. in the city of New-Brunswick, in the state of New-Jersey, on or before the thirteenth day of April next: That then and in that case, all and every share or shares of such person or persons so neglecting to make such payments as aforesaid, and the monies by them previously paid, shall be forfeited, and forever thereafter vested in the said Directors, and their successors, for the common benefit of the said Society.
Sec. 2. And be it further ordained by the authority aforesaid, That if any subscriber, or his assigns, shall neglect to pay the third payment of his, her or their respective subscriptions, together with the lawful interest arising thereon, on or before the thirteenth day of May next: That then and in that case all and every share or shares of such person or persons so neglecting to make such payments as aforesaid, and the monies by them previously paid, shall be forfeited, and forever thereafter vested in the said Directors, and their successors, for the common benefit of the said Society.
Sec. 3. And be it further ordained by the authority aforesaid, That if any subscriber, or his assigns, shall neglect to pay the fourth payment of his, her, or their respective subscriptions, on or before the thirteenth day of July next, that then and in that case, all and every share or shares of such person or persons, so neglecting to make such payments as aforesaid, and the monies by them previously paid, shall be forfeited, and forever thereafter vested in the said Directors, and their successors, for the common benefit of the said Society. NICHOLAS LOW, Governor. Passed at New-Ark, 20th February, 1793. (Counterigned) ELISHA BOUDINOT, Secretary pro tempore.
BE IT KNOWN, that the proportion of specie which may be paid on the respective payments of every original share, by such Stockholders as prefer paying a moiety of said shares in specie, in lieu of deferred debt, is as follows: Dols. Cts. On the 13th of April, 1793, with interest from 13th July, 1792, 7 63 On the 13th of May, 1793, with interest from 13th January, 1793, 7 86 On the 13th of July, 1793, 8 09
Stockholders in the said Society are hereby notified, that I, the subscriber, am duly authorized to make the requisite indorsements upon the certificates of shares which they may respectively hold, and that books of transfer are opened at my office, in Front-Street, New-York. NICHOLAS LOW. February 21, 1793. iawgw