Gazette of the United-States. (New-York [N.Y.]), 1790-01-05 00:00:00

Gazette of the United States.
PUBLISHED WEDNESDAYS AND SATURDAYS BY JOHN FENNO, No. 69, HIGH-STREET, BETWEEN SECOND AND THIRD STREETS, PHILADELPHIA.
[No. 72, of Vol. II.]
WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 5, 1791.
[Whole No. 176.]
VIENNA, Oct. 2.
WE learn from Wallachia, that the truce ratified by the Porte was publicly announced in the army at Bucharest on the 16th of September. Prince Potemkin is said to be expected in this city soon.
On the 19th of last month, the truce between the Prince of Saxe Cobourg and the Grand Vizier, was so far concluded, that both parties ceased all hostilities; but each keeps the territory and towns they are in possession of, till the signing of the definitive treaty of peace. The place is not yet fixed for the holding of the Congress.
BERLIN, Oct. 9.
A courier is just arrived from Count Lusi with the news of a convention of Armistice having been signed, on the 19th ultimo, by the Prince of Cobourg and the Grand Vizier, under his mediation and guarantee, as Prussian Plenipotentiary.
Last night died, after a lingering illness, his Highness Henry, eldest son of Prince Ferdinand of Prussia.
The day before yesterday, a courier arrived here from general Mollendorff from West Prussia. Since which we are informed that he has placed ten regiments in the suburbs of Langfuhr, near Dantzic, and that five other regiments have received orders to take their possessions in the other suburbs, viz. Scotland, Stolzenberg, and Oliva.
Yesterday the people employed to take care of the horses and waggons of the third army, who were already discharged, received orders to come back.
DANTZIC, Sept. 23.
Our deputies are arrived at Warsaw; and we learn from thence, that there are hopes of the treaty of commerce with Prussia being settled, as that the trade of Dantzic will not materially suffer by it. The three estates assembled on the 18th, at the council chamber, to debate on the present situation of affairs, when they resolved to wait the answer of the King of Poland to the request of the citizens, before any thing further is proceeded upon.
HAGUE, Oct. 15.
The marriage of the princess Frederique Louise Guillelmine d'Orange, and the Hereditary Prince of Brunswick, took place yesterday with much ceremony and magnificence.
The Comte de Mercy Argenteau, his Apostolic Majesty's Ambassador at the Court of France, arrived here yesterday, for the purpose of attending the Congress assembled at this place, on the subject of the Austrian Netherlands.
PARIS, October 17.
They write from Lille, an account, that M. Quincy, who some time past blew up the peasants with gunpowder in Franche Comte, was stopped and imprisoned.
The King's letters patent, on the decree for the suppression of the Parliament, was presented the day before yesterday, to the Chamber of Vacations, and inrolled in the register of the Court, bearing this ordinary clause—The act of inregistering will be repeated at the establishment of the Court. This clause on which they would attach ideas of protestation and custom, the Chamber of Vacations could not dispense with.
The Parliament have consented to write to the King to testify their submission to his orders.
This letter is not yet published.
LONDON, Oct. 20.
Under the expression, "for the dispatch of divers weighty and important affairs," in the proclamation for the meeting of Parliament, much may be speculated; but more may be affirmed; the state of foreign negotiation is become too serious for the Cabinet Council (consistent with that liberal coincidence of sentiment and concurrence which should ever subsist between the legislative and executive branches of a good government) to continue the progress of discussion to the extremity, without the open and approving resolutions of the nation.
Mons. Calonne set off on Saturday on his tour to foreign parts. He goes first to Italy.
"M. de Mirabeau's speech, relative to the family compact, is to be translated into Spanish.
"M. de Cabarrus's imprisonment proves fatal in its effects to his relations and friends daily. On the night of the 11th inst. the Countess de Galvez, Dowager of the Viceroy of Mexico, was
sent to Valladolid. M. Bathéas has been confined in the prison of Madrid. Two French servants belonging to M. Cabarrus, and two belonging to Madame de Galvez, have been conducted to the frontiers, and several others of M. Cabarrus's friends, have been removed to different places."
It is certainly the cordial wish of Great Britain to avoid war; but the weight she bears in the scale of nations, and her honor, more than all the rest of her importance, commands her not to bear with impunity the insults or the attacks of any power on earth. Those, therefore, who have roused her spirit, in this point, may expect her vengeance, or subject themselves to her power and arms, or to their own mean and abject submissions and compromises.
A truce of six months is said to have taken place between the Emperor and his Belgic subjects.
The patriotic army at Namur is in great want of horses: the officers are unable to procure them to carry either themselves or baggage; and the artillery, &c. cannot be moved from place to place, as their exigencies require, for want of them.
The Belgium forces are to be immediately augmented to 50,000 men, and the sovereign Congress has expressed its desire, that some effective stroke should be made before the approaching winter should render such an event impossible.
A man of polite manners, and a bigot to the gloomy tenets of Calvin, happened to fall into a religious dispute. "God Almighty (said the Calvinist) may, consistently with his justice, damn you eternally, even for the best works which you are capable of performing." "He is more of a gentleman, (replied the other) than to behave in such a manner."
M. de Rioms, the French Admiral, has formally resigned the command at Brest, declaring as his reason, his utter inability to keep the crews under discipline, or of rendering service to his country. M. d'Estaing is to be appointed in his room—an officer more likely to conciliate the sailors.
Last week the new iron bridge, constructed under the direction of Mr. Payne (the author of Common Sense) for the use of the Americans, was exhibited before a number of virtuosi, and gave infinite satisfaction. The bridge, consists of one arch of cast iron, ninety feet long, and weighs but thirteen tons. Mr. Payne's first proposal was to construct a bridge over the Delaware of 400 feet long, but his countrymen pausing on the impracticability of this measure, the above was undertaken as a specimen.
Proceedings of the General Assembly of the State of North Carolina.
HOUSE OF COMMONS,
Wednesday, November 24, 1790.
THE order of the day being called for and read, Resolved , that this house resolve itself into a committee of the whole house, to take under further consideration the propriety of giving instructions to Samuel Johnston and Benjamin Hawkins, Esquires, Senators of this State in the Congress of the United States.
The house resolved itself into a committee of the whole accordingly.
Mr. Polk in the chair.
After some time spent in committee, the speaker resumed the chair, and the chairman reported the following resolutions:
Whereas, when the General Assembly of the State of North-Carolina, in its session of 1789, did nominate and appoint Samuel Johnston and Benjamin Hawkins, Esquires, to represent the said State in the Senate of the United States, every expectation that had confidence in their integrity, opinion of their abilities, or certainty of their industry in discharging the trust reposed with them, was entertained.
With regret do we add, that our constituents and ourselves too sensibly experience the evils arising from a want of that exertion in them, which, if duly made, could not have failed of being highly beneficial to this State, and might have rendered a government, adopted under many doubts, and with some difficulty, better adapted to the dispositions of freemen.
Resolved , that the Senators representing this State in the Congress of the United States, be,
and they are hereby directed to use their constant and unremitted exertions until they effect having the doors of the Senate of the United States kept open, that the public may have access to hear the debates of the said Senate, when in its legislative or judicial capacity.
Resolved , that when in Congress, they be directed to correspond regularly and constantly with the legislative; but during the recess thereof with the executive.
Resolved , that they have such of the journals as are not of a secret nature, printed, and transmit the same to the executive, at least once a month during the session of Congress.
Resolved , that the Senators of this State use their utmost endeavors to effect economy in the expenditures of the public monies, and to decrease the monstrous salaries given to the public officers and others, who, however much they be deserving of the public gratitude, or liberality for past or present services, ought only to be compensated agreeable to republican economy—not enriched with the bounty of regal splendour.
Resolved , that they strenuously oppose every excise and direct taxation-law, should any be attempted in Congress.
The committee of the whole house further report, that they have appointed a sub-committee, in order to take under their consideration any further instructions to be forwarded to the Senators of this State in the Congress of the United States, and beg leave to recommend to the house, that the said sub-committee be empowered to report to the house by their chairman, the several resolutions they shall think the most proper to recommend, and further that they be discharged.
The sub-committee, Messrs. McDowell, Taylor, Jones, Mebane, Irvin, Cabarrus, Leigh, and Hay.
All which is submitted.
W. POLK, Chairman.
Resolved , that this house do concur with the foregoing report of the committee of the whole house.
N. B. The foregoing were negatived by the Senate.
EDENTON, December 17.
Extract of a letter from Fayetteville, dated the 6th December.
"You will observe in the proceedings of the House of Commons of the 24th of Nov. some very curious and extraordinary resolves, severely censuring our Senators in Congress. It seems they have not regularly corresponded with our Executive; and this alone, as far as I am able to learn, is the cause of the acrimony and malevolence shewn them.—Our friend Dr. J. Leigh, of Tarborough, who, though a young member, seems to take the lead in business, and I think has given a striking proof of what his country may expect from him in a political capacity,—opposed them with that manly and independent spirit, that I know not which most to admire, the talents of his mind or the virtues of his heart—they, however, were carried in the lower house, but rejected in the Senate.—They seem in general to be violent against Congress, on account of the assumption, and refuse to give up the checks in the treasury to the Loan-Officer. They propose also to empower the Treasurer to subscribe the whole amount of the debt allowed for this State by Congress, and to employ the certificates now in the treasury, which have already been liquidated and punched, for that purpose—it is said there is nearly a sufficiency. The deficiency they expect to make up, by employing the money now on hand in purchases in the market, under the direction of the Governor and Council."
NEW-LONDON, December 24.
By a gentleman just arrived from Cape-Francois, we are informed, that the insurrection of the mulattoes and free negroes in the neighborhood of that place, which threatened very serious consequences, is almost wholly quelled, the insurgents being collected in very small parties, and many of their leaders taken, whom it is supposed will be condemned to suffer death in its most cruel forms.
PORTSMOUTH, Dec. 19.
Married in this town, the Honorable LE SIEUR JEAN TOSCAN, Vice-Consul of France, to Miss ELIZABETH PARROT.

Extract from the NEW-YORK MAGAZINE—for November, 1790.
THOUGH wealth may obtain respect, and though talents may gain admiration, yet it is the life of integrity and virtue which will alone secure to us the esteem of the world. This will command respect and regard, though fortune should rob us of her gifts, and though fashion should deny us the display of our talents. Of the importance that a virtuous character is towards giving us public confidence, each day's observation may assure us. How many do we meet within life, on whom nature hath bestowed the most distinguished talents, yet who remain undistinguished by public honors, merely because their countrymen have not a confidence in their virtue and integrity? while, on the other hand, how frequently do we see men of moderate abilities called to public employment, from the respect and veneration which is borne to the virtues of their private character? But as example is of more efficacy than precept, behold in the character of one whom you boast of as your fellow-citizen, and who now directs the finances of your country, a proof of the principle that I wish to establish, and let his success serve as a stimulus to your virtue and to your ambition.
Though even now at an age, at which most characters begin their political career, yet he hath for years, received the most flattering marks of public distinction, and now holds one of the most important offices in any government. In his appointment to that office the wishes of the public had anticipated the judicious nomination of our first magistrate, whose discernment in estimating characters is not the least valuable of his political talents.
Though his abilities, no doubt, first procured him public distinction, yet to the uniformity of his political conduct, and to his inflexible and undeviating integrity, he unquestionably owes that unbounded confidence which he now enjoys, which is so honorable to himself, and so serviceable to his country.
S A L E M, December 21.
The contention in Martinique appears to have no reference to the late French revolution, as both parties acknowledge the present government in France. From the revolution, however, the colonies derived the privilege of constituting Assemblies to legislate for them. The equal laws made by the Colonial Assembly of Martinique no longer left any exclusive commercial privileges to the town of St. Pierre; and the free people of color felt the enjoyment of the rights of men. This equality excited the jealousy of the inhabitants of St. Pierre, and produced an enmity towards the rest of the colony, which continually increased, till the massacre of the Mulattoes on the 3d of June last. The justice of government was now obliged to interpose; and from hence have arisen the parties, of the government, planters, free mulattoes, &c. on one side—and the inhabitants of St. Pierre, on the other.
A L B A N Y, Dec. 23.
A letter from a young gentleman of this city, now at Manchester, Vermont, dated the 20th instant, mentions the sudden death of two young women of that town, (Patty Savage, aged 18, and Lois Godrich, 16) who having agreed, on Wednesday evening the 15th, to sleep in a newly plastered bed-room—on account of the dampness of the walls the servant was directed to place a pot of charcoal in it; and on the morning following! melancholy to relate! the latter was found dead, and the former possessed only some of the remaining symptoms of life—she however lived three or four hours.
ELIZABETH TOWN, Dec. 29.
Extract of a letter from Willborough, (on Lake Champlain) to the printer hereof, dated Dec. 10.
“The crops of every kind of grain on the borders of Lake Champlain, have been very great, this year, winter and summer wheat especially; a farmer in Willborough had, from one single root of wheat, one hundred and forty-eight ears, most of them of a large growth; one of the reapers cut the grain before the number of ears were noticed, so that the number of grains could not be counted; but the field in which it grew, contains 28 acres, on which was sown 31 bushels, and it yielded upwards of 800.”
N E W - Y O R K, January, 3.
The latest accounts from Martinique state the affairs of that Island to be still in the greatest confusion; the planters, and the inhabitants of the town of St. Pierre being still in arms against each other, and as often as opportunity offers committing the greatest enormities. However, a seventy four gun ship and a frigate having lately arrived from France to the aid of the country, the town of St. Pierre is entirely blocked up both by land and sea, and being cut off from supplies on every side, it was thought, when the last accounts came away, it must soon be brought to submission. The disputes in this island are said to have no reference to the late French revolution, as both parties acknowledge the present government; but merely arise from the general Assembly having taken away certain exclusive commercial privileges from the town of St. Pierre.
CONGRESS.
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES.
T U E S D A Y, Dec. 28.
(Continued from our last.)
MR. LAWRANCE. The people have great dependance on the Western Territory as a fund to extinguish their debt; it therefore becomes the duty of the government to obtain the best price they can for it. The question is, whether we shall fix a price, or adopt the plan proposed by the gentleman from Massachusetts. He was in favor of the latter, and said he doubted not it would be easy to make a discrimination in the relative qualities of the lands. This difference in price may render it worth while for the commissioners to have the land of a particular district explored. He replied to the objection from the want of integrity in the surveyors. Admitting the full force of the objection, it was probable that the United States would gain by it; at any rate they would not lose; and it was more probable that, to avoid suspicion, if the surveyors should be interested in the tracts surveyed, they would give more than 30 cents. With respect to foreigners, after they arrive in the country, they then will be on the same footing with our own citizens. He adverted to the mode which had been adopted by New-York—they had sold lands in every way, at a certain price, at auction, and are now selling them at the discretion of commissioners, at a rate not below a certain sum.
Mr. Stone objected to the mode of leaving the price unfixed, as it would involve a complex system, subjecting the purchasers to great inconvenience, perplexity and uncertainty. He reproached the system adopted by New-York, and asked the gentleman (Mr. Lawrance) whether New-York had not been subjected to great loss and vexation in consequence of the plan they had pursued? He wished the system of New-York should be fully understood, in order that the United States may avoid it. He concluded by saying that he was in favor of fixing a price, and supposed that the Western Territory, sold at 30 cents per acre, would sink the whole of the national debt.
Mr. Lawrance replied to Mr. Stone: He said that when the state of New-York sold their lands at a fixed price, there had been complaints on account of the best tracts being taken up. When they had sold them at auction, the value of the lands had been generally realized in proportion to the quality. With respect to the last mode adopted, the result was not yet known.
Mr. White said, if the gentleman had proposed the amendment to the clause which respects large purchases, he should not have objected to it. He however objected to it in the present case; and, in order to shew that a fixed price was most eligible for small quantities, he instanced the practice of Lord Fairfax, who had been a great proprietor in Virginia—and also the practice of the first proprietors of Pennsylvania: These sold their lands, good and bad, at one price—their experience for such a length of time, near a century, he thought sufficient to shew that mode to be most eligible. He would not object to affixing that condition to special contracts.
Mr. Sedgwick obviated the objection in the first instance, by saying that the officers will be able to determine with very considerable precision, what will be for the interest of the United States. He said experience had proved that there were no insuperable difficulties in the case.
Mr. Moore observed, that the actual value of the best lands in that territory was about 30 cents per acre: When all of that description is sold, the next will bring the same price; from whence he inferred, that there could be no difficulty or loss attending fixing the price. He stated some difficulties which would result from adopting the mode proposed.
Mr. Sherman observed, that the committee was now only settling principles. The principal objection to the idea of leaving the price discretionary, appeared to arise from the difficulty of carrying it into execution.—He endeavored to obviate the difficulties. He said there was undoubtedly a great difference in the value of the lands: He had been informed by a surveyor that some of those lands are worth a guinea per acre. He doubted not that such information may be obtained by the surveyors as that a very great saving may be made to the United States.
Mr. Bloodworth said he was in sentiment with the gentleman last speaking from Virginia. His experience in the state of North Carolina was entirely in favor of fixing a price.
Mr. Sedgwick's motion being put, was lost. Mr. Scot then moved that the clause which makes a discrimination in the securities to be paid for the land, should be struck out. His idea
was that all the securities should be received at their face for the land: He said this he considered as the only apology which the United States could make to their creditors, for not paying them 6 per cent. on the whole of their demand.
Mr. Fitzsimons objected to the motion: He said it would be reducing the price of the land to one half the sum already agreed to.
Mr. Lawrance preferred to Mr. Scot's motion striking out all that relates to public securities, and making gold and silver only a tender for the land.
Mr. Sedgwick was in favor of the article as in the report: He enlarged on the importance of sinking the public securities, and making provision for extinguishing the deferred stock in a particular manner.
Mr. Scot's motion was negatived.
Mr. Lawrance then proposed that public securities should be struck out. The gold and silver said he, received for the land, may be appropriated to sinking the debt, agreeable to the provision already made for appropriating the surplus revenue.
Mr. Jackson objected to the motion; he observed that the lands in the Western Territory had always been considered as a fund for sinking great part of the public debt of the union; he wished not to lose sight of this object—many persons have securities in their possession, who may be disposed to apply them to the purchase of lands; those persons may not find it convenient to turn their paper into gold and silver, and I see no necessity, said he, for this round about process—a more simple method is to be preferred. As the gentleman last speaking had thought proper to allude to the act passed the last session, making provision for the reduction of the public debt, he beg'd leave to offer a few remarks on that subject: It is true said he, we appropriated a surplus revenue of one million of dollars, to be applied to purchasing the public debt in the market, while at a reduced price; but what is the result? By the report of the commissioners it appears that only 200,000 dollars of the debt have been bought; the securities have risen, and one description of them is nearly up to par; why the whole sum has not been applied to make purchases when the price was low, I am not able to say—but the benefit to the public derived from the measure is so trifling, that it suggests a sufficient reason to my mind for not agreeing to appropriate any more money in that way.
Mr. Lawrance, in answer to Mr. Jackson, observed that it is true the sum of one million of surplus revenue was appropriated as a sinking fund the last session; but it was well known that that sum was not then in the treasury, nor was the whole expected to be realized till towards the close of the year; this would account for the whole amount's not being appropriated. With respect to the proceedings of the commissioners, he was not so fully informed as to give the committee full information on the subject; but doubted not that their transactions would be found to be perfectly conformable to the spirit and meaning of the law under which they acted.
The motion for striking out public securities was lost.
M O N D A Y, Jan. 3.
The bill for the relief of Shubael Swaine was read the second time, and ordered to be engrossed for a third reading.
Mr. Hathorne presented the petition of William Reynolds, a soldier of the late army, wounded at the attack on Fort Montgomery, praying to be placed on the pension list.
Mr. Fitzsimons presented the petition of Joseph Huck.—The above petitions were referred to the Secretary of War.
A message was received from the President of the United States, by Mr. Secretary Lear, with the copy of an act of the legislature of New-Jersey, ceding to the United States the lot of ground at Sandy Hook, on which the light-house is erected.
The House then took in consideration the report of the committee of the whole house, on the report of the Secretary of the Treasury relative to the establishment of land-offices, for the sale of lands in the Western Territory.—The Speaker read the report. The first resolution provides for the establishment of a general land-office, at the seat of government. The second, for two subordinate land-offices in the Western Territory—One to the South—the other to the North West of the Ohio. The third, that all sales above acres shall be negotiated at the general land-office. Fourth, Indian titles to be extinguished previous to any sale. These resolutions were adopted by the house, without a division. The fifth resolution provides that convenient locations shall be set off for actual settlers.—This resolution on motion of Mr. Scot was struck out. He proposed a substitute, which after some debate was disagreed to. The sixth resolution provides, that the seven ranges already laid out shall be surveyed and sold. This was adopted. The seventh, that any quantities within natural boundaries, or lines, or both,

may be sold. This was agreed to with an addition proposed by Mr. Burke, that for every chain surveyed and sold on the bank of a navigable river, the purchaser shall be obliged to take chains back. The eighth resolution states, that the price of the land shall be 30 cents per acre, to be paid in gold or silver, or in the public securities, estimating the 6 per cents at par with specie—and those of an inferior value, at a proportionate rate.
Mr. Boudinot proposed that this resolution should be altered, so that all the securities should be received in payment for the land, as at par.—He stated sundry objections to the discrimination between the several denominations of the securities, and urged the justice of making all an equal tender for the land. By this means the United States will do some justice, said he, to the public creditors, in respect to the deferred part of the debt; besides it will conduce more rapidly to sinking the public debt, and expedite the selling of large quantities of the land. He moved an amendment to this purport—this was seconded by Mr. Steele, and supported by Mr. Lee.
Mr. Livermore was in favor of selling the land for deferred stock and 3 per cents only.
Mr. Fitzsimons, Mr. Sedgwick, Mr. Smith, S. C. and Mr. Seney, were opposed to Mr. Boudinot's motion. They considered it as interfering with the funding system—it would open the doors to speculation, and in its effects would be giving a donkey to persons to whom the United States are under no special obligations whatever.
Mr. Boudinot's proposition so far obtained, as to alter the resolution, to read that gold and silver or public securities, [without discrimination] should be received in payment for the land.
A motion to strike out 30 cents was negatived. Adjourned.
T U E S D A Y, Jan. 4.
A petition from sundry inhabitants of Washington County, in the state of New-York, respecting a certain J. Younglove, who, by an act passed the last session of Congress, is placed on the pension list, without any just pretensions to the benefit of that provision, was presented by Mr. Sylvester, read, and referred to a select committee.
Mr. Ames presented the petition of Andrew Colten, and Lydia his wife, who had been the widow of a Capt. White, of the Continental army, killed at the siege of York Town, praying for commutation or half-pay on account of her late husband.
Mr. Parker presented the memorial of Joseph Anderson.
Mr. Vining presented the memorial of Ebenezer Smith, a late surgeon in the American army.—The above memorials and petition were referred to the Secretary of War.
The house this day finished the consideration of the report of the committee of the whole, on the subject of the land-office.
The eighth resolution, as amended yesterday, occasioned the principal part of the debate.—A motion offered by Mr. Sedgwick for striking out "gold and silver and public securities," after some opposition, obtained—and the resolution now stands simply thus, the price of the land shall be 30 cents per acre.
The remaining resolutions were agreed to, with very few amendments—and a committee consisting of Mr. Scot, Mr. White and Mr. Bloodworth was appointed to bring in a bill pursuant to the report.
Mr. Wadsworth of the committee appointed for the purpose, reported the new militia bill, which was read the first time.
A letter was communicated from the Treasurer of the United States, accompanying his accounts—which were laid on the table. Adjourned.
B O S T O N, Dec. 27.
At the second trial for the choice of Federal Representative in Worcester District, the Hon. Artemas Ward, Esq. was chosen. In Plymouth, &c. District, the Hon. Shearjashub Bourne, Esq. Bristol, &c. District, and the District of Maine, No choice. The inhabitants are to meet again the 25th Jan. for the choice of a Representative.
NEWBURYPORT, Dec. 22.
From a Martinico paper of the 29th of Oct. brought by Capt. Titcomb, of this town, the following is extracted.
The garrison of Fort Bourbon and Fort Royal, in order to preserve the King's Picture, which was placed in one of the halls of government, from insult, and from being taken away by force, removed it yesterday to Fort Bourbon, with all the honors due to that august Portrait.
The carrying off the white colour of the regiment completely authorised this praiseworthy step of the two garrisons.
Philadelphia, Jan. 5.
Yesterday a bill providing for the admission of the district of Kentucky into the Union, was read a first and second time in the Senate of the United States.
The committee of the Senate to which was referred the report of the Secretary of the Treasury, on the subject of a National Bank, reported a bill on Monday last, which was read the first time, and 150 copies ordered to be printed for members of the legislature.
Extract of a genuine letter from Paris, to a gentleman in London, dated the 11th Oct.
"M. Alert de Riom, the French Admiral who was appointed to the command of the fleet fitting out at Brest, has resigned, in consequence of the present dreadful state of the French Marine, which has spread itself throughout the whole fleet; nothing but a continual scene of riot and mutiny. They have discovered that much money, and other inducements, have been practised upon the inferior officers of their navy. This evidently has been the work of the aristocrats; and to prevent discovery, they have had the artifice and modesty to place the cause to the account of Mr. Pitt, and which is really believed by a great number in Paris; but such is the unsettled state of this country, that the people know not who to trust, believe, or depend upon.—D'Estaing, who in the affair of Versailles, proved himself such a staunch aristocrat and barely escaped with his life, it is generally believed will succeed Riom, and have the command of the fleet. This situation, so desirable to himself and his party, he certainly will get, by a stale trick, lately played off upon the people—He has contrived that some letters, wherein he proves himself a strong democrat, should fall into the hands of the public; these letters have been published, and dispersed about, and the people are weak enough to believe them genuine.
"There was a dreadful riot at Brest last Tuesday night, and many lives lost. The captain of the Leopard, lately arrived from the West-Indies, has been sent for to appear before the National Assembly."
By an express which arrived on Saturday at the Post-Office, from Lewistown, near the Capes of Delaware, the following was received.
Copy of a letter received by the Lord Mayor of London, from the Duke of Leeds.
I have the honor to acquaint your Lordship, that the messenger Drellin, arrived here this morning, with dispatches from Mr. Fitzherbert, ambassador at the court of Madrid, dated Sunday 24th October, containing an account, that a Convention for terminating the differences which had arisen with that court, had been agreed upon, between his Excellency, on the part of his Majesty, and the Count de Florida Blanca, on the part of the Catholic King; and that the convention was to be signed, and exchanged by those Ministers, the 27th of the same month.
(Signed,)
London, 4th Nov.
LEEDS.
The city and county of New-York, agreeable to the Census taken pursuant to act of Congress, is found to contain of inhabitants, thirty thousand and twenty two—In 1786, the number was twenty-three thousand six hundred and fourteen—Increase, six thousand four hundred and eight.
APPOINTMENTS.
The President of the United States, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, has been pleased to appoint, ABRAHAM OGDEN to be Attorney for the United States, in the District of New-Jersey, in place of Richard Stockton, who has resigned.
Hon. George Thatcher, Esq. would have been re-elected Member of the House of Representatives of the United States, for the District of Maine, had all the votes been returned in season.
EXTRACT.
"There is a kind of affection for our nation or cotemporaries which in fact is nothing but self-love: We extol it above all others from a secret pride, which appropriates to ourselves a share of those liberal encomiums. The love of our country is free from this weakness. This affection, which in other words may be called a zeal for the public good, renders us sharp-sighted, both with respect to their faults and their virtues. It prompts us to expose those, in order to correct them, because they exist only by not being known."
A number of citizens having met at the German School house in Cherry-Street, in order to take into consideration the distressed state of the poor, at the present inclement season of the year; but the company not being so large (on account of several unforeseen circumstances) as was expected, it was agreed to meet again at the same place, on Wednesday evening at six o'clock, at which time and place, the attendance of the charitable and well disposed citizens of all religious denominations is earnestly requested.
At the above meeting the following gentlemen were appointed to bring in a plan to carry into effect the benevolent intention of their fellow-citizens, viz. Charles Biddle, Benjamin Rush, Christopher Kucher, Ashbel Green, and William Savery.—Published by order of the meeting,
ROBERT ANNAN Chairman.
"Teach me to feel another's woe."
There is in human nature a propensity to shrink from misery, whether in relation to ourselves or others: With respect to ourselves, the reason is obvious; but in both cases the effect is produced by the same cause—the love of ease. Hence may be deduced the difference between a person who performs a benevolent action from principle, and one, who, propelled by involuntary sensibility, relieves the distressed to relieve his own feelings—From the former we may expect a systematic exercise of benevolence—the latter is charitable by accident.
I saw Benevolus coming from the house of penury and affliction—his countenance was irradiated with the beams of complacency—He had charmed the heart of despondency—he had fed the hungry—he had clothed the naked—re-animated hope, and inspired a firm confidence in that being 'who hears the young ravens when they cry'—
In many a lone, and dreary cell, The sons of want and virtue dwell; There, when bleak blows the wintry gale, And food, and clothes, and fuel fail, The feeling heart will oft repair, And cheer the bosom of despair; For they to life's best purpose live, Who know how blessed tis to give.
Died at Albany, on the 26th ult. the Rev. ELARDUS WESTERLO, D. D. Rector of the Reformed protestant Dutch Church of that city.
Subscribers for Mrs. Warren's Poems, are requested to call on the Editor for their books.
PRICE CURRENT.—PUBLIC SECURITIES.
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The Post-Masters in the several States, to whom the packets of this paper are addressed, are respectfully informed, that owing to the great number of dispatches from the public offices, which have been recently sent from the Post-Office in this city—newspapers have been necessarily precluded—as it has not been possible to crowd them into the mail-portanteaus. This is the only reason of their failure, as the Editor has had the papers constantly left in season at the office.
GAZETTE OF THE UNITED STATES.
THE Editor requests those of his Subscribers whose arrearages amount to six and twelve months subscription, to make payment as soon as possible. He trusts it will prove a sufficient apology for this application, when he assures them that his receipts for the year 1790, do not amount to more than one half of the actual expence of the publication during that period.
Upwards of two hundred thousand copies of this Gazette have been published and circulated since the 15 April, 1789, the time when it commenced. From the very general approbation it has received, and the extensive and ample subscription which has offered, the editor has flattered himself with the possibility of its being supported; but at the present moment a most perplexing uncertainty rests on that event—owing to the difficulties attending the present mode of its circulation, and collecting subscriptions, from situations remote from the place of publication.
January 5, 1791.
SUNDAY SCHOOLS.
A meeting of the subscribers to the plan for establishing Sunday Schools in this city, will be held at the Academy of Mr. Joseph Sharpless, in Second Street, between Market and Arch Streets, on Tuesday next, at six o'clock in the evening, for the purpose of choosing officers. Jan. 5, 1791. Signed by order, M. CAREY, Sec. P. T.
THE BEE,
OR, UNIVERSAL LITERARY INTELLIGENCER,
By DR. ANDERSON, of EDINBURGH,
Is to be published this month.
Among a great variety of queries proposed to correspondents by the Doctor, in the prospectus of that work, the following occur, viz.—
WHAT is the state of the country in regard to the liberty of the press? To what restraints are the people subjected in this respect? What have been the pretexts adopted for curtailing this liberty, where it could not be directly attacked? Have these encroachments been made under the apparent view of augmenting the public revenue, or of serving the cause of religion, or of preventing immorality, or of promoting good order and public tranquillity, by protecting the innocent from calumny, or what else? Is the post-office called in as an engine to effect this purpose? Have particular taxes also been imposed with this view? What are they?
How is the post-office regulated? Is it conducted under the influence of mercantile, of financial, or of political notions? Are letters never in danger of being stopped at the post-office, or searched there, unless by the highest authority in times of eminent public danger? Are any persons or bodies of men exempted from the charge of postage? Who are they? and what are the privileges they enjoy, and how limited? Are any general regulations adopted for facilitating literary communications either altogether free of expence, or at a moderate charge? What are they? Are these publicly known and invariable; or do they depend in any case on private favour, so as to be either granted or withheld at pleasure? Particulars respecting this department are earnestly requested.

(CONTINUED FROM OUR LAST.)
TREASURY DEPARTMENT, December 13, 1790.
In obedience to the order of the HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES of the 9th Day of August last, requiring the SECRETARY of the TREASURY to prepare and report, on this Day, such further Provision as may, in his opinion, be necessary for establishing the PUBLIC CREDIT — the said Secretary further
RESPECTFULLY REPORTS,
Secondly. Greater facility to the government in obtaining pecuniary aids, especially in sudden emergencies. This is another and an undisputed advantage of public banks: One, which as already remarked, has been realized in signal instances, among ourselves. The reason is obvious: The capitals of a great number of individuals are, by this operation, collected to a point, and placed under one direction. The mass, formed by this union, is in a certain sense magnified by the credit attached to it. And while this mass is always ready, and can at once be put in motion, in aid of the government, the interest of the bank to afford that aid, independent of regard to the public safety and welfare, is a sure pledge for its disposition to go as far in its compliances, as can in prudence be desired. There is in the nature of things, as will be more particularly noticed in another place, an intimate connection of interest between the government and the bank of a nation.
Thirdly. The facilitating of the payment of taxes. This advantage is produced in two ways. Those who are in a situation to have access to the bank, can have the assistance of loans to answer with punctuality the public calls upon them. This accommodation has been sensibly felt in the payment of the duties heretofore laid, by those who reside where establishments of this nature exist. This, however, though an extensive, is not an universal benefit. The other way in which the effect here contemplated is produced, and in which the benefit is general, is the increasing of the quantity of circulating medium, and the quickening of circulation. The manner in which the first happens has already been traced. The last may require some illustration. When payments are to be made between different places, having an intercourse of business with each other, if there happen to be no private bills at market, and there are no bank notes which have a currency in both, the consequence is that coin must be remitted. This is attended with trouble, delay, expence and risk. If on the contrary there are bank notes current in both places, the transmission of these by the post, or any other speedy or convenient conveyance, answers the purpose; and these again, in the alternations of demand, are frequently returned very soon after to the place from whence they were at first sent; whence the transportation and re-transportation of the metals are obviated, and a more convenient and more expeditious medium of payment is substituted. Nor is this all: The metals, instead of being suspended from their usual functions, during this process of vibration from place to place, continue in activity, and administer still to the ordinary circulation; which of course is prevented from suffering either diminution or stagnation. These circumstances are additional causes of what, in a practical sense, or to the purposes of business, may be called greater plenty of money. And it is evident, that whatever enhances the quantity of circulating money adds to the ease with which every industrious member of the community may acquire that portion of it, of which he stands in need; and enables him the better to pay his taxes, as well as to supply his other wants. Even where the circulation of the bank paper is not general, it must still have the same effect, though in a less degree. For whatever furnishes additional supplies to the channels of circulation, in one quarter, naturally contributes to keep the streams fuller elsewhere. This last view of the subject serves both to illustrate the position, that banks tend to facilitate the payment of taxes; and to exemplify their utility to business of every kind, in which money is an agent.
It would be to intrude too much on the patience of the house, to prolong the details of the advantages of banks; especially as all those, which might still be particularized, are readily to be inferred as consequences from those which have been enumerated. Their disadvantages, real or supposed, are now to be reviewed. The most serious of the charges which have been brought against them, are—
 That they serve to increase usury.  That they tend to prevent other kinds of lending.  That they furnish temptations to over-trading.  That they afford aid to ignorant adventurers, who disturb the natural and beneficial course of trade.  That they give to bankrupt and fraudulent traders a fictitious credit, which enables them to maintain false appearances, and to extend their impositions: And lastly,  That they have a tendency to banish gold and silver from the country. 
There is great reason to believe, that on a close and candid survey, it will be discovered, that these charges are either without foundation, or that, as far as the evils they suggest have been found to exist, they have proceeded from other, or partial, or temporary causes, are not inherent in the nature and permanent tendency of such institutions, or are more than counterbalanced by opposite advantages. This survey shall be had in the order in which the charges have been stated. The first of them is,
That banks serve to increase usury. It is a truth, which ought not to be denied, that the method of conducting business, which is essential to bank operations, has, among us in particular instances, given occasion to usurious transactions. The punctuality in payments, which they necessarily exact, has sometimes obliged those who have adventured beyond both their capital and credit, to procure money, at any price, and consequently to resort to usurers for aid.
But experience and practice gradually bring a cure to this evil. A general habit of punctuality among traders, is the natural consequence of the necessity of observing it with the bank; a circumstance which itself more than compensates for any occasional ill which may have sprung from that necessity, in the particular under consideration. As far therefore as traders depend upon each other for pecuniary supplies, they can calculate their expectations with greater certainty; and are in proportionably less danger of disappointments, which might compel them to have recourse to so pernicious an expedient as that of borrowing at usury; the mischiefs of which, after a few examples, naturally inspire great care in all but men of desperate circumstances, to avoid the possibility of being subjected to them. One, and not the least of the evils incident to the use of that expedient, if the fact be known, or even strongly suspected, is loss of credit with the bank itself.
The directors of a bank too, tho' in order to extend its business and its popularity, in the infancy of an institution, they may be tempted to go further in accommodations, than the strict rules of prudence will warrant, grow more circumspect of course, as its affairs become better established, and as the evils of too great facility are experimentally demonstrated. They become more attentive to the situation and conduct of those with whom they deal; they observe more narrowly their operations and pursuits; they economize the credit they give to those of suspicious solidity: they refuse it to those whose career is more manifestly hazardous. In a word, in the course of practice, from the very nature of things, the interest will make it the policy of a bank, to succour the wary and industrious; to discredit the rash and unthrifty; to discountenance both usurious lenders and usurious borrowers.
There is a leading view, in which the tendency of banks will be seen to be, to abridge rather than to promote usury. This re-
lates to their property of increasing the quantity and quickening the circulation of money. If it be evident, that usury will prevail or diminish, according to the proportion which the demand for borrowing bears to the quantity of money at market to be lent; whatever has the property just mentioned, whether it be in the shape of paper or coin, by contributing to render the supply more equal to the demand, must tend to counteract the progress of usury.
But bank lending, it is pretended, is an impediment to other kinds of lending; which, by confining the resource of borrowing to a particular class, leaves the rest of the community more destitute, and therefore more exposed to the extortions of usurers. As the profits of bank stock exceed the legal rate of interest, the possessors of money, it is argued, prefer investing it in that article to lending it at this rate; to which there are the additional motives of a more prompt command of the capital, and of more frequent and exact returns, without trouble or perplexity in the collection. This constitutes the second charge which has been enumerated.
The fact on which this charge rests is not to be admitted without several qualifications; particularly in reference to the state of things in this country. First—The great bulk of the stock of a bank will consist of the funds of men in trade, among ourselves, and monied foreigners; the former of whom could not spare their capitals out of their reach, to be invested in loans for long periods, on mortgages, or personal security; and the latter of whom would not be willing to be subjected to the casualties, delays and embarrassments of such a disposition of their money in a distant country. Secondly—There will always be a considerable proportion of those who are properly the money-lenders of a country, who from that spirit of caution which usually characterises this description of men, will incline rather to vest their funds in mortgages on real estate, than in the stock of a bank, which they are apt to consider as a more precarious security.
These considerations serve in a material degree to narrow the foundation of the objection, as to the point of fact. But there is a more satisfactory answer to it. The effect supposed, as far as it has existence, is temporary. The reverse of it takes place in the general and permanent operation of the thing.
(To be continued.)
PROPOSALS, By JOHN TRUMBULL, FOR PUBLISHING BY SUBSCRIPTION, TWO PRINTS,
From original Pictures painted by himself; One representing the DEATH of General WARREN, at the Battle of Bunker's-Hill. The other, the DEATH of General MONTGOMERY, in the Attack of Quebec.
IN the battle of Bunker's-Hill, the following Portraits are introduced—
  American.  British.    Major General WARREN,  Gen. Sir WILLIAM HOWE,    PUTNAM.  Sir HENRY CLINTON,     Lieut. Col. JOHN SMALL,     Major PITCAIRN, and     Lieut. PITCAIRN.    In the Attack of Quebec, are seen—     General MONTGOMERY,  Colonel THOMPSON,    Major MACPHERSON, and  Capt. CHEESMAN.  
CONDITIONS OF SUBSCRIPTION.
The prints will be engraved by two of the most eminent artists in Europe. The size will be 30 inches by 20. The price to subscribers, Three Guineas for each print; one half to be paid at the time of subscribing, the remainder on the delivery of the prints, which will be as soon as the work (which is already considerably advanced) can possibly be completed.
SUBSCRIPTIONS are received in this city by Joseph Anthony, jun. Goldsmith and Jeweller, No. 76, Market-Street.
These prints are the first of a series, in which it is proposed to represent the most important events of the American Revolution.
No period of the history of man, is more interesting than that in which we have lived. The memory of scenes in which were laid the foundations of that free government, which secures our national and individual happiness, must ever remain dear to us, and to posterity; and if national pride be in any case justifiable, Americans have a right to glory in having given to the world an example, whose influence is rapidly spreading the love of freedom through other nations, and every where ameliorating the condition of men.
To assist in preserving the memory of the illustrious events which have marked this period of our country's glory, as well as of the men who have been the most important actors in them, is the object of this undertaking. History will do justice to an era so important; but to be read, the language in which it is written must be understood—the language of painting is universal, and intelligible in all nations, and every age.
As several years of his time, and a very considerable expence, are necessary to accomplish this undertaking, it would be an imprudent sacrifice to the mere hope of reputation to go more deeply into it, without a probability of ultimate success:—That he may judge of the degree of this probability, Mr. Trumbull, by the advice of his friends, proposes this subscription, and flatters himself with a hope of meeting that patronage from his countrymen, which will justify his pursuing the object with ardor; and without which it is impossible that so expensive a work should be continued.
The subjects proposed to be represented, in addition to the two foregoing, of Bunker's-Hill and Quebec , are—
 * THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE,  * BATTLE AT TRENTON,  * BATTLE OF PRINCETOWN,  SURRENDER of General BURGOYNE,  TREATY with FRANCE,  BATTLE of EUTAW SPRINGS,  * SURRENDER of YORK-TOWN,  TREATY of PEACE,  EVACUATION of NEW-YORK,  RESIGNATION of General WASHINGTON,  THE ARCH at TRENTON,  INAUGURATION of the PRESIDENT of the UNITED STATES. 
Each picture will contain portraits of the principal characters who were present at the scene represented. Those marked with stars, are considerably advanced; and the prints from the whole will be executed of the same size, and by the most eminent engravers.
December 14.
JOHN FRANCIS, Late of NEW-YORK, respectfully informs the public, that he has opened a
Commodious Boarding House, No. 53, FOURTH-STREET, one door from Race-Street, WHERE Gentlemen may be accommodated with GENTEEL BOARDING AND LODGING, By the Week, Month, or Year, and on the most moderate terms. Phila. Nov. 20, 1790.—[2aw.3m.]
Wanted, a good Cook, Either Man or Woman.—Enquire at No. 209, Second-Street, opposite the New-Market.
EBENEZER HAZARD and JONAS ADDOMS have entered into partnership, and opened an OFFICE, at No. 173, in Market-Street, a few doors above Fourth-Street, where, under the Firm of
HAZARD and ADDOMS, They purchase and sell all kinds of CERTIFICATES—PAPER MONEY, and BANK STOCK.
N. B. Transfers made at the Public Offices, and Business in general transacted on Commission. December 29.
To the Merchants, Traders, Foreigners, and the Public in general. GENTLEMEN,
AGREEABLY to the plan which the Subscriber submitted to the public consideration, and under the most flattering assurance of public patronage, he takes the liberty of announcing, that
THE MERCHANTS,
and EXCHANGE COFFEE HOUSE,
is now opened at the corner of Market and Water-Streets, for the accommodation of the Merchants, Traders, and other Citizens of Philadelphia.
The Subscriber deems it unnecessary to repeat the declarations of his sincere intention to prosecute his undertaking with the most respectful assiduity: but he cannot forbear making a public acknowledgment of his gratitude, for the encouragement he has already experienced; nor suppress his invariable wish, that those gentlemen who may honor his Coffee-House with their presence, will communicate such articles of intelligence received from their correspondents as they shall think proper, and in preference, will upon every occasion, point out the defects of his plan, or favor him with hints for improving its execution.
The Subscriber will prepare entertainments, either at noon, or in the evening, for select parties, upon the shortest notice, and on the most reasonable terms. He can accommodate two or three Gentlemen with lodgings; and proposes at two o'clock on each day, when the public business of the Coffee-Room is over, to provide a cheap, but good and plentiful ordinary, for such guests as shall please to honor him with their company.
I am, Gentlemen, Your most obedient and humble Servant, VINCENT M. PELOSI.
PURSUANT to a Resolve or act of Congress of the 10th day of May, 1780, relative to the destruction of Loan-Office Certificates by accident; notice is hereby given to all whom it may concern, that on the 26th of December 1788, the house occupied by WILLIAM HASSELTON, of the Delaware State, took fire and was consumed, in which was lodged a number of Loan-Office Certificates as pr. list below, all which were destroyed by the said fire: Therefore if any person, hath any objection why the said Certificates should not be renewed, agreeable to the resolves of Congress, they must make them before the expiration of three months, from the date hereof.
Invoice of Loan-Office Certificates destroyed in the house of Wm. Haseltons on the above date.
  1788. October 24, 4873 } of 500 dollars each. { favor of JAMES HASSELTON,   6356   one of 400 dollars, ELIZABETH HASSELTON, Administratrix of JAMES HASSELTON, deceased. Philadelphia, Nov. 26, 1790. [62 6t.12w.]
IMPERIAL, HYSON, SOUCHONG, and BOHEA TEAS; REFINED SUGARS, COFFEE, and SPICES, &c. Of the first Quality—by Retail, No. 17, Third-Street, between Chestnut and Market-Streets.
WHEREAS a certain WILLIAM TUFF, of Salem County, State of New-Jersey, has two nine pound notes of hand, given by Samuel Hollinshead, jun. and by certain information, it appears that my name as a security for the same is added to those notes, unknown to me. I hereby forbid any person or persons from taking any assignment of them from him; for I am determined not to answer those notes, or any assignment of them, as I know nothing of their dealings, nor will I answer for the same. REUBEN ROBINSON. Cumberland County, Nov. 30, 1790.
HENRY KUHL,
At No. 143, Second-Street, near Race-Street,
BY advice of his friends in New-York and Philadelphia, has opened an office for the purpose of buying and selling, on commission, the different species of Stock, and of liquidated and unliquidated paper in the market.
He will obtain such Certificates as are required by the funding law, for those who have unliquidated Securities; and transfer stock from and to the Treasury and the Offices of the Commissioners of Loans, on moderate terms.
Having for several years past been employed in the Treasury of the United States, he is well acquainted with its operations and forms; and flatters himself that on that score he has a decided advantage in transacting business here. He is fully impressed with the truth of the adage that "dispatch is the soul of business," and will always make the interest of his employers an object of the first importance.
Philadelphia, December 29th, 1790.
THE Subscribers for this paper, in the city of New-York, are respectfully informed, that the charge of the papers proving inconvenient to Mr. Wetmore, at the Post-Office, the Editor has engaged Mr. Samuel Campbell, Book-seller, Hanover-Square, to receive them and superintend their delivery—by whom Subscriptions and arrearages will be received.
PLEASE TO NOTICE.
FOR the accommodation of those who would wish to become Adventurers in the First Class of the MASSACHUSETTS SEMI-ANNUAL STATE LOTTERY, letters, post paid, directed to SAMUEL COOPER, at his Office, North side State-House, Boston, enclosing Philadelphia, New-York or Boston Bank-Bills, or other good Bills, will be particularly attended to, and Tickets forwarded immediately upon the receipt of such letters.
Boston, Dec. 22, 1790.
N. B. A List of Prizes will be deposited with the Printer hereof, immediately after the drawing is completed. 71 raw tf
The price of this paper is 3 dollars per annum.