Fowle's New-Hampshire gazette and general advertiser ([Portsmouth, N.H.]), 1787-05-05 00:00:00

NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTE,  A N D  GENERAL ADVERTISER.
"WHEN ANGRY NATIONS PART IN LEAGUES OF PEACE, LET PRIVATE FEUDS AND CIVIL DISCORDS CEASE."
PORTSMOUTH: Printed and published by JOHN MELCHER, in Market-Street, where Subscriptions, (at SIX SHILLINGS and EIGHT PENCE pr. Ann.) Advertisements, &c. for this Paper are taken in, the favours of correspondents carefully attended to, and the Printing Business carried on at a reasonable rate.—Also—Advertisements, Subscriptions, &c. taken in by T. ODIORNE, Esq. Exeter.
An INQUIRY into the Effects of the Public Punishments upon Criminals, and upon Society: Read in the Society for promoting political Inquiries, convened at the House of his Excellency BENJAMIN FRANKLIN, Esq. in Philadelphia, March 9, 1787.
"Accustomed to look up to those nations from whom we have derived our origin, for our laws, our opinions, and our manners; we have retained, with undistinguishing reverence, their errors, with their improvements; have blended, with our public institutions, the policy of dissimilar countries; and have grafted, on an infant commonwealth, the manners of ancient and corrupted monarchies." Preface to Laws of the Society for Political Inquiries.
THE design of punishment is said to be, 1st, to reform the person who suffers it,—2dly, to prevent the perpetration of crimes, by exciting terror in the minds of spectators; and,—3dly, to remove those persons from society, who have manifested, by their tempers and crimes, that they are unfit to live in it.
From the first institution of governments, in every age and country (with only a few exceptions) legislators have thought that punishments should be public, in order to produce the two first of these intentions. It will require some fortitude to combat opinions that have been sanctified by such long and general prejudice, and supported by universal practice. But truth in government, as well as in philosophy, is of progressive growth. As in philosophy, we often arrive at truth by rejecting the evidence of our senses; so in government, we often arrive at it after divorcing our first thoughts. Reason, though deposed and oppressed, is the only just sovereign of the human mind. Discoveries, it is true, have been made by accident; but they have derived their credit and usefulness only from their according with the decisions of reason.
In medicine, above every other branch of philosophy, we perceive many instances of the want of relation between the apparent cause and effect. Who, by reasoning a priori, would suppose, that the hot regimen was not preferable to the cold, in the treatment of the small-pox? But experience teaches us, that this is not the case. Cause and effect appear to be related in philosophy, like the objects of chymistry. Similar bodies often repel each other, while bodies that are dissimilar in figure, weight and quality, often unite together with impetuosity. With our present imperfect degrees of knowledge of the properties of bodies, we can discover these chymical relations only by experiment. The same may be said of the connection between cause and effect, in many parts of government. This connection often accords with reason, while it is repugnant to our senses—and when this is not the case, from our inability to perceive it, it forces our consent from the testimony of experience and observation.
It has been remarked, that the profession of arms owes its present rank, as a science, to its having been rescued, since the arrival of letters, from the hands of mere soldiers,
and cultivated by men acquainted with other branches of literature. The reason of this is plain. Truth is an unit. It is the same thing in war—philosophy—medicine—morals—religion and government; and in proportion as we arrive at it in one science, we shall discover it in others.
After this apology, for dissenting from the established opinions and practice, upon the subject of public punishments, I shall take the liberty of declaring, that the great ends proposed, are not to be obtained by them; and that, on the contrary, all public punishments tend to make bad men worse, and to increase crimes, by their influence upon society.
I. The reformation of a criminal can never be effected by a public punishment, for the following reasons:
1st. As it is always connected with infamy, it destroys in him the sense of shame, which is one of the strongest out-ports of virtue.
2dly. It is generally of such short duration, as to produce none of those changes in body or mind, which are absolutely necessary to reform obstinate habits of vice.
3dly. Experience proves, that public punishments have increased propensities to crimes. A man who has lost his character at a whipping-post, has nothing valuable left to lose in society. Pain has begotten insensibility to the whip; and shame to infamy. Added to his old habits of vice, he probably feels a spirit of revenge against the whole community, whose laws have inflicted his punishment upon him; and hence he is stimulated, to add to the number and enormity of his outrages upon society. The long duration of the punishment, when public, by increasing its infamy, serves only to increase the evils that have been mentioned. The criminals, who were sentenced to work in the presence of the city of London, upon the Thames, during the late war, were prepared, by it, for the perpetration of every crime, as soon as they were set at liberty from their confinement. I proceed.
II. To shew, that public punishments, so far from preventing crimes by the terror they excite in the minds of the spectators, are directly calculated to produce them.
All men, when they suffer, discover either fortitude, insensibility, or distress. Let us inquire into the effects of each of these upon the minds of spectators.
1st. Fortitude is a virtue, that seizes so forcibly upon our esteem, that wherever we see it, it never fails to weaken, or to obliterate, our detestation of the crimes with which it is connected in criminals. "I call upon you (said Major Andre, at the place of his execution, to his attendants) to bear witness, gentlemen, that I die like a brave man." The effect of this speech upon the American army is well known. The spy was lost in the hero; and indignation, every where, gave way to admiration and praise. But this is not all—the admiration which fortitude, under suffering, excites, has in some instances excited envy. In Denmark, uncommon pains are taken to prepare criminals for death, by the conver-
sation and instructions of the clergy. After this they are conducted to the place of execution, with uncommon pomp and solemnity. The criminals, under these circumstances, suffer death with meekness—piety—and sometimes with dignity. The effects of this, I have been well informed, have been, in several instances, to induce deluded people to feign or confess crimes, which they had never committed, on purpose to secure to themselves a conspicuous death and a certain entrance into future happiness. There is something, in the presence of a number of spectators, which is calculated to excite and strengthen fortitude in a sufferer. "It is not so difficult a thing (said Lewis the XIV. to his courtiers, who stood around his death-bed) to die, as I expected." No wonder, says Voltaire, who relates this anecdote, "for all men die with fortitude, who die in company." The bravery of soldiers is derived, in a great degree, from the operation of this principle in the human mind.
2dly. If criminals discover insensibility under their punishments, the effect of it must be still more fatal upon society. It removes, instead of exciting terror. In some instances, I conceive it may excite a desire in the minds of some persons whom debt or secret guilt have made miserable, to seek an end of their distresses in the same enviable apathy to evil.—Should this insensibility be connected with cheerfulness (which is sometimes the case) it must produce still more unfriendly effects upon society. But terrible must be the consequences of this insensibility and cheerfulness, if they should lead criminals to retaliate upon the inhuman curiosity of spectators, by profane or indecent insults or conversation.
3dly. The effects of distress in criminals, though less obvious, are not less injurious to society, than fortitude or insensibility. By an immutable law of our nature, distress of all kinds, when seen, produces sympathy, and a disposition to relieve it. This sympathy in generous minds, is not lessened by the distress being the offspring of crimes; on the contrary, even the crimes themselves are often palliated by the reflection, that they were the unfortunate consequences of extreme poverty—of seducing company—or of the want of a virtuous education, from the loss or negligence of parents in early life. Now, as the distress which the criminals suffer is the effect of a law of the state, which cannot be resisted, the sympathy of the spectator is rendered abortive, and returns empty to the bosom in which it was awakened. Let us briefly examine the consequences of this abortive sympathy in society. It will not be necessary here to dwell upon all the advantages of this principle in human nature. It will be sufficient to observe, that it is the vicegerent of the divine benovolence in our world. It is intended to bind up all the wounds which sin and death have made among mankind. It has founded hospitals—erected charity-schools, and connected the extremes of happiness and misery together, in every part of the globe.—Above all, sensibility is the sentinel of the moral faculty. It decides upon the quality

of actions before they reach that divine principle of the soul. It is of itself, to use, the words of an elegant female poet,*
"A hasty moral—a sudden sense of right."
If such are the advantages of sensibility, what must be the consequences to society, of extirpating or weakening it in the human breast? But public punishments are calculated to produce this effect. To prove this, I must borrow an analogy from the animal economy.—The sensibility of the human body is said to be active and passive . The first is connected with motion and sensation; the second only with sensation. The first is increased, the second is diminished, by the repetition of impressions. The same phenomena take place in the human mind. Sensibility here is both active and passive . Passive sensibility is lessened, while that which is active is increased by habit. The passive sensibility of a physician, to the distress of his patients, is always diminished, but his active sensibility is always increased by time; hence we find young physicians feel most—but old physicians, with less feeling, discover most sympathy with their patients.
If such be the constitution of our minds, then the effects of distress upon them will be, not only to destroy passive , but, to eradicate active sensibility from them. The principle of sympathy, after being opposed by the law of the state, which forbids it to relieve the distress it commiserates, will cease to act altogether; and, from this defect of action, and the habit arising from it, will soon lose its place in the human breast. Misery of every kind will then be contemplated without emotion or sympathy.—The widow and the orphan—the naked—the sick, and the prisoner, will have no avenue to our services or our charity—and what is worse than all, when the sentinel of our moral faculty is removed, there is nothing to guard the mind from the inroads of every positive vice.
I pass over the influence of this sympathy in its first operation upon the government of the state. While we pity, we secretly condemn the law which inflicts the punishment—hence arises a want of respect for laws in general, and a more feeble union of the great ties of government.
I have only to add, upon this part of my subject, that the pernicious effects of sympathy, where it does not terminate in action, are happily provided against by the Jewish law. Hence we read of a prohibition against it, where persons suffer for certain crimes. To spectators, the voice of Heaven, under such circumstances, is, "thine eye shall not pity him." (To be continued)
* Miss MOORE.
L O N D O N,
Jan. 10. By letters from Paris we learn, that the English language is cultivated there, and in all the other cities and towns in France, with a degree of avidity unknown at any former period. This is owing to the intercourse subsisting between France and America, and to the expectation that a very extensive correspondence will shortly be established between France and England.
A short time since in Ireland, an Irish gentleman waited on the Duke of Rutland by eight o'clock in the morning, and his grace knowing that he must have rode twenty miles, politely asked him to stay and breakfast.—"Arrah, an please your grace," replies the Hibernian, "whenever I want to get up early, I generally breakfast over night, which saves a deal of time in travelling." His grace laughed at the bull, and invited the gentleman to dinner, which he readily accepted, and entertained the company with several other particulars equally curious with the former.
That there is sometimes honor among thieves, is proved by the following circumstance, which happened last week:—A lady walking across some fields in the neighbourhood of Ilkington, observed two very suspicious fellows who seemed watching an opportunity of robbing her, as they took the same
road with herself, and, at a very little distance from her; her alarm was increased by observing a fellow, with a similar appearance, in a path-way at a distance; but as the safe did not admit of hesitation, she beckoned him to stop, and addressed him with an air of confidence, "Sir, you look like a gentleman, I do not like the appearance of those fellows behind us; I think they intend to rob me, will you protect me?" "Madam," replied the man, "I will; take my arm, and I will attend you until you are out of danger. You will see when I wave my handkerchief the two men who have alarmed you will steer off . They are my companions, and we intended to rob you; but when confidence is reposed in me, I am not scoundrel enough to betray it." He attended until she came in sight of her house, when she offered him a guinea as a reward for his protection; but he refused it, adding, "he hoped he had more honor left than to sink his character to the level of a Lawyer's. Let the black robed gentry take fees, I am above it. "
Jan. 19. The following extract of an authentic letter from Loughorn, dated the 13th of last month, will clear up the doubts which have arisen respecting the engagement between the Maltese fleet and the Algerine squadron.—"On the 4th of December last the vessels of the two powers fell in with each other about ten leagues off Messina, and a furious and bloody engagement ensued, which lasted till night. The Admiral's ship blew up in the thickest of the action, and not one of the crew escaped."
"The Maltese have lost two ships, one of which was sunk, and the other burnt, as also three xebecs and one galley. The Algerines have lost, besides their admiral, two xebecs, two barks, one polacre and one row-galley. The Maltese fought with the greatest bravery, and the pirates like desperadoes."
"The loss of the Algerines in this engagement, is said to amount to 1800 men; that of the Maltese must also have been very considerable, because the crews of their ships of war are very numerous."
"The Maltese fleet having returned in a most shattered condition, it is at present very doubtful on which side the victory was obtained. The most general opinion, however, is that it terminated in a kind of drawn battle." FEBRUARY 8.
The minister of foreign affairs at Constantinople has lost his wife, children, and all his servants by the plague.
On the 2d inst. died, at Horton, near Leek, Staffordshire, Mary Brooks, who in August last arrived at the age of 119 years. She lived single 50, was then married; lived a married life 50 years, and has been nineteen years and some months a widow.
The Navy Board are on the point of taking up 2000 tons of shipping, for the purpose of sending out a complete supply of stores to his Majesty's garrisons, &c. in Canada, Nova-Scotia, Newfoundland, and the other British settlements in North America; it being the intention of government to put them into the most respectable state of defence, and to preserve them on a footing of the completest national utility.
A letter from Cadiz, dated December 29, says, "The 23 d and 24 th inst. we experienced such a storm, or rather hurricane here, as has not been seen a long time; the seas broke in over almost half Cadiz, and in the streets it may be said to rain salt water, from the spray. Since this we have received the most melancholy accounts of the number of vessels cast away. The Captain of the Bay has had advices of upwards of 80 vessels and barks being lost from hence to Cape Tresulgar, among which I am sorry to inform you, by papers drove on shore, that the Bilboa Packet, James Waye, jun. master, from Gallipoli to Burges, with oil, is totally lost, and all on board perished. Nothing can be more distressing than to see the number of dead bodies and pieces of wrecks continually washing on shore. I assure you I never saw such a terrible and awful sight; the sea ran mountains high, threatening
Cadiz to be swallowed up every moment, which will certainly be the case, sooner or later. I was on the cathedral, which is not twenty yards from the sea, and it was with difficulty I could stand, the spray continually passing over me. We have had no news as yet from the coast of San Lucar, which, as it is worse than that of Cape Tresulgar, we expect to be very bad. There are missing out of this port, and Port St. Mary, 18 fishing boats, with upwards of 300 people on board, all supposed to have perished."
A letter from an English gentleman at Toulon has the following article: "They are very busy here in fitting out stout frigates to cruise against the pirates in the Mediterranean; they think that ships of this size are better for that service than those of the line. The pirates are become so daring that they cruise within sight of this harbour; if they are chased, by plying their oars they are almost sure of getting clear. However, two frigates, which were out at sea, suddenly bore down upon one of their gallies, which was lying off the harbour, took her, and brought her in here; and as the dey of Algiers sends all his prisoners into slavery, the French in this instance followed his example, having sent these men to the gallies, where they are to remain, unless the dey will exchange some French he has in slavery. The galley had on board a valuable cargo, of which they had plundered some ships. Provisions are very scarce here, and very bad, and the poor are in a wretched condition in all parts of France through which I have passed."
D U B L I N,
Jan. 5. There is no doubt but a bill will be brought in, in the course of the next session of Parliament, to tax the estates of absentees; and we are informed it is intended to be assessed at the rate of ten per cent. This measure if carried into effect, will produce annually near 200,000l. a produce which, if properly applied, would in the course of a very few years entirely pay off our national debt.
We are informed that no less a sum than 100,000l. was remitted in specie, in the course of last month, to England, by the agent of the Fitzwilliam, (formerly the Rockingham) estate. Surely it is scarcely possible for any country to exist, from which there is drained annually near two millions of money to supply the wants of rapacious and absentee landlords.
Extract of a letter from Lisbon, Jan. 12.
"The Court has refused troubling itself further in the affair of a commercial treaty with the American States; and the Americans have refused to receive the wines of Portugal at the same low duties as those of France, without which, the Court will not remove the present prohibition against the importation of tobacco, and some other articles, from America. Thus stands the matter at present."
P H I L A D E L P H I A, April 13.
By a London paper received at Kingston, Jamaica, we are informed, that "five Americans, who have been convicted of smuggling tobacco into Lisbon, and of conveying out of the kingdom of Portugal its coin, gold and silver, are condemned, after several appeals, to perpetual imprisonment and labour in the Brazils."
N E W H A V E N, April 19.
Extract of a letter from a distinguished personage in France to his friend in this city, dated Paris, December 24, 1786.
"The commotions which have taken place in America, as far as they are yet known to me, offer nothing threatening. They are a proof that the people have liberty enough, and I could not wish them less than they have. If the happiness of the mass of the people can be secured at the expense of a little tempest now and then, or even of a little blood, it will be a precious purchase. Malo liberatem periculam quam quietam servitutem. Let common sense and common honesty have fair play, and they will soon set things to rights."

European Advices,
Selected from the latest London Papers.
L O N D O N,
Feb. 20. Yesterday an express arrived from Paris, with an account, that on Tuesday morning, February the 6th, died, between the hours of three and four, Monsieur de VERGENNES, Minister for foreign affairs, in the 67th year of his age, and after having been in different public offices above 30 years. In this period he nearly effected a total change in the political state of France. Till within a very few hours of his death he retained his gaiety and good humour.
March 7. Monday two Dutch mails, and one from France, were received at the post-office; by the former we have the following not unimportant intelligence, in a letter dated Paris, Feb. 19: A ship lately arrived from the Isle of France had brought information, that the son of the Emperor of Cochin China was there, on his return from Pondicherry, and on the eve of embarking for Europe. This report is since confirmed, by that Prince's arrival at Port l'Orient. He is accompanied by the Bishop of the Missionaries, and a few Mandarines. The occasion of his journey is thus related: The Emperor having been driven from his capital by an usurper, had retrenched himself in a narrow island, where, defended by a few faithful subjects, he had put his enemy at defiance, and rendered all his attacks abortive.
His son was dispatched to Pondicherry to implore assistance; but the French commander having refused to interfere, without direct instructions from his court, the young Prince resolved to go and solicit them in person. All, it is said, he requires, is the loan of three frigates, 1200 men, and 100 artillerymen; with this trifling help he thinks he will be able to reinstate his unfortunate parent. In return for the courtesy, he is empowered in his father's name to enter into a treaty with France, and grant to its subjects, within his own dominions, all they can wish for the improvements of their trade. Nevertheless, the general opinion is, that the Prince will fail in his application, because, from the immense distance, it is more than probable the usurper will have sufficient time to strengthen his party beyond the power of such a handful of men to overturn it, and the least check would be fatal to the French forces, who might fail in the means of repairing even their first loss.
They write from Paris, that the following motion has been made by Monsieur Robert De St. Vincent, Member of the Paris Parliament, and referred to the first President to be laid before the King, viz. That an address be drawn up and presented to his Majesty, requesting that the Protestants be made partakers of all immunities and privileges granted to the other subjects in the kingdom.
The motion was heartily seconded, and passed without a single dissenting voice.
The Union, Sempile, from Boston to Dublin, was lost the 9th Feb. in the Sound of Mull: A part of the cargo and ship's materials will be saved.
Feb. 24. A letter from Cadiz, received by a merchant in the city, has the following article: "We have at length concluded a treaty with the Dey of Algiers, that such of the American ships that are loaded with wheat and flour only, for any of our ports, shall pass unmolested by his armed vessels, excepting only in searching whether they are bound to any port in Portugal; and that if any one is taken before it is known by the officers of his cruisers, it shall be restored; but the Dey would not agree that they should have the liberty of returning home without being molested, so that I am afraid this treaty will be of little use to us, who are in great want of those articles; however, our Governor has orders from Court, that if the Americans will venture to bring wheat and flour, they shall in return have a convoy to see them out of the reach of the pirates."
The head of the Algerine Captain, who took an English ship off St. Vincent, was elevated on a pole, after it was severed from
his body. Here it stood three days, and then was suffered to be buried. The English Captain generously made intercession for the Algerine; but the Dey would not listen to it as the Englishman had shewn his passport, and proved he was bound to England.
March 6. A letter from Leghorn says, that since the Dey of Algiers took off the head of a Capt. of one of his galleys for taking an English ship, the Algerine Captains are more careful of what ships they stop, by which means two American vessels arrived safe in that port under English colours, having passed the corsairs without being noticed by them.
Whitehall, Feb. 24. The King has been pleased to appoint George Miller, Esq. to be his Majesty's Consul in the States of North and South Carolina, and Georgia, and Deputy Commissary for Commercial Affairs to the United States of America.
So acceptable to the Court of Versailles is the late treaty of commerce, concluded on the 11th ult. with the Czarina, that his Most Christian Majesty has ordered gold boxes, with his portrait set round with diamonds, to be presented to the four Russian Plenpos, who signed the said Treaty with the Compte de Segur, the French Ambassador. Each of those boxes is to contain in bills, on the Caisse d'Escompte, to the value of 120,000 livres, [about 5,000, l.]
March 14. The following is an accurate statement of the Navy, made on the 23d ult. viz. 157 ships of the line, 19 fifties, 149 frigates, and 119 sloops of war. The number of seamen including marines, borne on the books of the ships in Commission, was stated at 27,390 men.
N E W - Y O R K, April 28. List of Ships lying at Wampoo, at Captain Dean's departure.
American Ships.—Ship Empress of China, Capt. Greene, New York; ship Canton, Truxton, Philadelphia; ship Hope, M c Gee, New York; ship Grand Turk, West Salem.
Twenty-four ships belonging to the English East-India Company.—One from Switzerland.—Two from Denmark.—One from France.—Five belonging to the Dutch.—Two Spanish, from Manila.—Twenty-four belonging to the different ports of the country, Bombay, Bengal, &c. under English colours.
The greatest harmony pervaded the whole fleet of the different nations and languages, all being willing and ready to assist one another on every occasion.
P H I L A D E L P H I A, April 25. Letters from Captain Truxton, received by Captain Dean from China, advise that several European Captains and Supercargoes have been carried off by a violent fever which is peculiar to that climate; few Americans have escaped it. The crews of all the ships from America have been sick, but have happily recovered, except one man, who died on board the Canton.
Capt. Truxton was nearly ready and intended to sail on the 15th of December. His ship was in complete order and his crew in good health and spirits; so that his arrival in this port may be shortly expected, as well as that of Captain Green, in the Empress of China, who was to have sailed about the same period. All the American vessels have met with a very favourable reception from the Chinese, and it is hoped their voyages will prove prosperous and successful.
B O S T O N, May 1. In the House of Commons of Ireland, on the 17th February, leave was given to the Chancellor of the Exchequer to bring in a bill for facilitating the trade and intercourse between that kingdom and the United States of America.
Extract of a letter from a gentleman in Canada to his friend in Boston, dated March 28.
"I am exceedingly sorry to hear of the confused state you are involved in at present in Massachusetts, and, for my part, much fear the consequences. I saw your hero, Shays, in Canada, with a number of his at-
tendants. Hope, for my part, he and they will meet the just rewards of their demerit. I think they are treated with suitable contempt in Canada. The poor fellow was obliged to leave his horse and sleigh in pawn for his tavern bill."
P O R T S M O U T H, May 5. A letter from Gibraltar, dated Jan. 17, says, "A French ship has just arrived from Algiers, the Captain of which brings advice, that two corsairs had come into the port, the day before his sailing, and had brought in a large American vessel from Boston, laden with naval stores a large quantity of tobacco, and some rum, bound to Cadiz. The officers and crew were immediately landed, and sent up the country, and the vessel was hauled close to the shore, for the purpose of unlading her immediately. The French Captain could only learn, that upon being hailed by the Algerines, and desired to show the necessary papers, the American refused, and bore away, but was soon come up with by the corsairs, and after a stout resistance, was taken, and brought in as above."
We hear from Southborough (commonwealth of Massachusetts) that the dwelling house of Mrs. — Stone, widow, was lately consumed by fire. It was occasioned by burning the chimnies: There was a crack in them, from whence the fire communicated to the garret. Persons who burn chimnies, ought carefully to watch every room in the house, during, and for some time after the operation.
GENERAL ORDERS.
AT the request of the field-officers of the 18th regiment, the review of that regiment which was to have taken place the fifteenth instant, will be postponed.
The Captain General returns his most cordial thanks to the officers and privates of the first and second regiments—the officers and privates of the horse, and of the artillery and alarm companies, who attended the reviews, for their soldierly conduct, on the parades, and their exertions in equipping themselves to appear in a manner which not only reflected honor on them, but did the highest credit to the state.—The Commander in Chief, deeply sensible of the importance of a well disciplined militia, most earnestly recommends to the officers of every rank to continue their exertions to perfect their men in every useful manœuvre, in which he wishes their chief care may be to instruct their men in the principals of forming and displaying columns, and of changing their front with celerity, without which no troops can be said to be properly disciplined.
Given at Durham, the 4th day of May, 1787. JOHN SULLIVAN, Captain General.
WHEREAS some evil minded person or persons, did, in the night following the first day of this instant, break the lock and open the door of, and otherwise damaged the pound in the town of Portsmouth, and did thereby liberate two horses belonging to Mr. Nathaniel Sheafe Griffith, that were legally impounded: This is therefore to offer a reward of eight dollars, to be paid by the selectmen, to any person or persons that will give such evidence against the perpetrators as will be sufficient to convict him or them, upon trial for the above-mentioned offence; and as it is contrary to law for any horse to go at large on the common highway, without being well fettered, those persons who suffer their horses in future to go at large on the high-ways, without fetters, must expect to be prosecuted for a breach of said laws.
Elizabeth Butler,
WOULD beg leave to inform the LADIES of PORTSMOUTH, that she having acquired a complete knowledge of MANTUA MAKING, in the genteel taste, from one of the first in that line of business in BOSTON, from whence she has lately returned; holds herself ready to attend the call of any LADY who may be so good as to employ her.—She also does any kind of MILLINARY.

Parnassian Spring.
DESCRIPTION of Dr. FRANKLIN.
[Vision of Columbus, Book VII.]
SEE on yon dark'ning height bold Franklin tread, Heaven's awful thunders rolling o'er his head; Convolving clouds the billowy skies deform, And forked flames emblaze the blackening storm. See the descending streams around him burn. Glance on his rod and at his guidance turn; He bids conflicting heavens their blasts expire, Curbs the fierce blaze and holds the imprison'd fire. No more, when folding storms the vault o'er spread, The livid glare shall strike thy race with dread; Nor towers, nor temples, shuddering with the sound, Sink in the flames and spread destruction round. His daring toils, the threatening blast that wait, Shall teach mankind to ward the blots of fate; The pointed steel o'er-top the ascending spire, And lead o'er trembling walls the harmless fire; In his glad fame while distant worlds rejoice, Far as the lightnings blaze or thunders raise their voice.
State of New-Hampshire,
N OTICE is hereby given to the non-resident proprietors and owners of land in the township of Antrim, who are delinquent in paying their taxes for the year 1786, that unless they pay the same to me the subscriber, on or before the 5th day of June next, that so much of their lands as will pay the same together with incidental charges, will be sold at public vendue at ten o'clock on said day, at my dwelling house in Antrim, unless prevented by previous payment.
   Acres State State State   facil. diffic. specie. specie. specie. specie.     David Putnam 100 0 8 4 1 2 1   Samuel Dodge 50 4 2 9 9   Maj. Curtice 100 8 4 1 6 1   Judge Lynds 100 8 4 1 6 1   Will'm Ramsey 70 5 10 1 2 1   William Moore 590 2 19 2 10 8 10   R. Moore's heirs 608 2 10 8 9 1 9   David Clark 13 1 1 2 2   Rich. Emerson 55 4 7 9 9   John Miltemore 125 10 5 3 9 3   William Dunlap 54 4 6 1 2 1   Abijah Hadley 50 4 2 9 9   Jos. Clark's heirs 100 8 4 1 6 1   Robert Moore 9 1   Mathew Clark 1 6 1   Daniel Miltemore, jr. 1 2 1  
THOMAS NICHOLS, Constable.
Antrim, April 30, 1787.
State of New-Hampshire,
N OTICE is hereby given to the non-resident owners of land in Raymond, who have not paid their taxes for the years 1782, 1783 and 1785, that so much of their lands will be sold at public vendue, on the first Tuesday in June next, at ten o'clock in the forenoon, at the house of Lt. Benjamin Bean, in said Raymond, as will pay said taxes and incidental charges unless prevented by previous payment.
State, County, 1782. dit. dit. 1783 N. Acres. s. d. d. s. d. s. d.
   not known 71 100 9 1 3 5 0 0 7   Jethro Tilton 72 75 8 9 2 4 4 0 8   Joshua Wingate 84 100 16 3 4 8 0 1 4   Philemon Blake 124 50 8 2 2   Reuben Sanborn 54 100 13 9 4 6 10 1 1   Jacob Basford 107 100 12 2 3 6 1 5  
DANIEL MOODY, Constable.
Thomas Gorden's list of taxes, for the 1785.
   N. Acres. s. d.     not known 71 100 2 3   Jethro Tilton 72 50 1 2   Joshua Wingate 84 100 3   Jonathan Sanborn 48 100 2 3   Philemon Blake 124 50 1 6   Thomas Dean 106 100 2 6   Reuben Sanborn 54 100 2 7   Jacob Basford 107 100 2 3   Samuel Prescot 96 100 2 3   not known 103 14 1 1  
THOMAS GORDEN, Constable.
Raymond, April 23, 1787.
FOR SALE, At Benjamin Dearborn's shop, in Market-Street, a variety of the most ELEGANT Hanging-Papers, of American Manufacture,
Warranted in all respects equal, and in some superior to those imported.
THE proprietor of this manufacture (an inhabitant of Boston) has done honor to himself and service to his country, in bringing this art to the greatest perfection,—and shall his countrymen fail of giving due encouragement? No!
For Sale at the same shop,
Demy, Crown and Fools Cap Printing-paper,—Press-paper,—Bonnet-paper,—Sheathing-paper,—Writing-Paper, all of American manufacture.
N. B. Any of the above articles nearly as cheap as at the manufactory. Portsmouth, April 20, 1787.
FOR SALE, Several Silver mounted SWORDS, among which is one very Elegant . Apply to Samuel Drown, Portsmouth.
TO BE SOLD very cheap, A good second hand Chaife, for Cash, Lumber or West-India Goods. Inquire of the Printer hereof.
Twenty Dollars Reward.
B ROKE out of York Gaol, on Friday night, the 13th instant, one Benjamin Webber, who was confined for theft; he formerly belonged to Kittery, in the county of York, about five feet three inches high, pale complexion, short black hair, had on when he went away a short light blue jacket, and pair of leather breeches; whoever will apprehend the said Benjamin Webber, so that he may be secured and brought to justice, shall have TWENTY DOLLARS reward, and all necessary charges paid by me, JOHNSON MOULTON, Sheriff. York, April 14, 1787.
State of New-Hampshire.
T HE subscriber being appointed collector of taxes for the proprietors of the township of Piermont, in the county of Grafton, in said State, doth hereby give notice, that the assessors of said propriety have committed to him a list and warrant, dated the seventh of January, 1786, to collect a tax of three pounds ten shillings on each original right, in said township of common and undivided lands, and that if said taxes are not paid to me at my house in Rye, in the county of Rockingham, and State aforesaid, together with incidental charges by the twentieth day of June next, their lands will then be advertised for sale. SIMON JENNESS, Collector. Rye, March 17th, 1787.
INVALIDS, take notice.
A Considerable proportion of those disabled soldiers who have heretofore received pensions from the state of New Hampshire, having neglected to apply to the committee appointed for their inspection and arrangement, by an act of the Legislature, passed July 23, 1786, within the time limited by said act: they are hereby informed that the general assembly at their late session, were pleased to extend the time to the first day of July next; after which day the pensions of all those who shall not have applied to the committee, and received certificates of their disability will forever cease. Proper attendance will be given at the office of accounts in this town. JOSEPH GILMAN, for the Committee. Exeter, 5th March, 1787.
Flax-Seed for sowing.
FLAX SEED, free from dirt, wild seed, &c. to be sold by Edmund H. Quincy, at his Store nearly opposite the Post-Office. Portsmouth, April 13, 1787.
TO BE LET,
A commodious House, Garden and Barn, just above the Hay-market, for further particulars apply to the Printer hereof. April 13.
A LL persons indebted to Gavon Patterson, of Greenland, are hereby requested to make him immediate payment, as he intends to move from that part soon;—as he is under the necessity of calling upon every person that owes him, he hopes that none will neglect to comply with his request, as all those who should, may depend upon having their accounts put in suit. GAVON PATTERSON. Greenland, April 26, 1787.
A Bargain!
A handsome Fall-back Chaife to be sold very cheap, and payment made easy,—apply to William Sowerby, nearly opposite Mr. Joseph Bass's, in broad street, where he carries on the trimming and harness making business, those who favor him with their commands may depend on being dismissed with dispatch. Portsmouth, April 26th, 1787.
A Watch found.
F OUND on the 2d day of April inst. on the road leading from Nottingham to Deerfield, a SILVER WATCH , the person who lost the same may have it again proving his property and paying charges by applying to Rebecca Rollins of Nottingham, or the Printer hereof.
W E the subscribers being appointed and impowered by the hon. Joseph Simpson, Esq. judge of probate, &c. for the county of York, to receive and examine the claims of the several creditors to the estate of Capt. William Dearing, late of Kittery in said county, deceased, represented insolvent; and six months from the date hereof being allowed the creditors to bring in their claims and proving their debts;—we therefore give this public notice, that we will attend on said business on the third Monday of this, and the second Wednesday of the five succeeding months, from three to seven o'clock in the afternoon of said days, at the dwelling house of Mr. Richard Parsons, in Kittery, aforesaid. WILLIAM MOORE, } Commissioners. BENJA. PARKER, } Kittery, April 6, 1787.
A genteel HANGER for sale, Apply to the Printer hereof.
A fresh Assortment of GARDEN SEEDS, to be SOLD by JOSEPH BASS, At his Shop in Portsmouth. Among which are, Pease, Beans, Cabbage, Cauliflower, Lettice, Carrot, Celery, Endive, Cucumber, Melons, Radish, Marjoram, Thyme, Summer Savory, Sage, Parsley, Turnip, Spinage, Beet, Mustard, Onion, Parsnip, Pepper, Grass, &c.—Likewise the best of Clover and Herds Grass.