The New Hampshire gazette (Portsmouth [N.H.]), 1802-01-19 00:00:00

THE New Hampshire Gazette.
"WHEN ANGRY NATIONS PART IN LEAGUES OF PEACE, LET PRIVATE FEUDS AND CIVIL DISCORDS CEASE."
PORTSMOUTH: (NEW-HAMPSHIRE)—PUBLISHED EVERY TUESDAY BY JOHN MELCHER, PRINTER TO THE STATE, AT HIS OFFICE CORNER OF MARKET STREET, WHERE SUBSCRIPTIONS FOR THIS PAPER, ADVERTISEMENTS, AND ARTICLES OF INTELLIGENCE ARE THANKFULLY RECEIVED.
No. 4, of Vol. XLVII.]
TUESDAY, JANUARY 19, 1802.
[One Dollar & half pr. Annum.]
From the NEW-YORK EVENING POST.
THE EXAMINATION.
NUMBER I.
THE Message of the President, by whatever motives it may have been dictated, is a performance which ought to alarm all who are anxious for the safety of our country, for the respectability and welfare of our nation. It makes, or aims at making, a most prodigious sacrifice of constitutional energy, of sound principle, and of public interest, to the popularity of one man.
The first thing in it which excites our surprise, is the very extraordinary position, that though Tripoli had declared war in form against the United States , and had enforced it by actual hostility, yet that there was not power, for want of the sanction of Congress, to capture and detain her cruisers with their crews.
When the newspapers informed us, that one of these cruisers, after being subdued in a bloody conflict, had been liberated and permitted quietly to return home, the imagination was perplexed to divine the reason. The conjecture naturally was, that pursuing a policy, too refined perhaps for barbarians, it was intended by that measure to give the enemy a strong impression of our magnanimity and humanity. No one dreams of a scruple as to the right to seize and detain the armed vessel of an open and avowed foe vanquished in battle. The enigma is now solved, and we are presented with one of the most singular paradoxes ever advanced by a man claiming the character of a statesman.
When analyzed, it amounts to nothing less than this, that between two nations there may exist a state of complete war on the one side—of peace on the other. War, of itself, gives to the parties a mutual right to kill in battle, and to capture the persons and property of each other. This is a rule of natural law; a necessary and inevitable consequence of the state of war. This state between two nations is completely produced by the act of one—it requires no concurrent act of the other. It is impossible to conceive the idea that one nation can be in full war with another, and this other not in the same state with respect to its adversary. The moment, therefore, that two nations are, in an absolute sense, at war, the public force of each may exercise every act of hostility, which the general laws of war authorize, against the persons and property of the other. As it respects this conclusion, the distinction between the offensive and defensive war makes no difference. That distinction is only material to discriminate the aggressing nation from that which defends itself against attack. The war is offensive on the part of the state which makes it; on the opposite side, it is defensive; but the rights of both, as to the measure of hostility, are equal.
It will be readily allowed that the Constitution of a particular country may limit the organ charged with the direction of the public force, in the use or application of that force, even in time of actual war; but nothing short of the strongest negative words, or the most express prohibitions, can be admitted to restrain that organ from so employing it, as to derive the fruits of actual victory, by making prisoners of the persons and detaining the property of a vanquished enemy. Our Constitution, happily, is not chargeable with so great an absurdity. The framers of it would have blushed at a provision, so repugnant to good sense, and so inconsistent with national safety. That instrument has only provided, affirmatively, that "The Congress shall have power to declare war;" the plain meaning of which is, that it is the peculiar and exclusive province of Congress, when the nation is at peace, to change that state into a state of war; whether from calculations of policy or from provocations or injuries received: in other words, it belongs to Congress only, to go to war. But when a foreign nation declares, or openly and avowedly makes war upon the United States, they are then, by the very fact, already at war, and any declaration on the part of Congress is nugatory; it is at least unnecessary. This inference is clear in principle, and has the sanction of established practice. It is clear in principle, because it is self-evident, that a declaration by one nation against another, produces at once a complete state of war between both; and that no declaration on the other side can at all vary their relative situation; and in practice it is well known, that nothing is more common, than when war is declared by one party, to prosecute mutual hostilities, without a declaration by the other.
The doctrine of the Message includes the strange absurdity, that, without a declaration of war by Congress, our public force may destroy the life, but may not restrain the liberty, or seize the property, of an enemy. This was exemplified in the very instance of the Tripolitan corsair. A number of her crew were slaughtered in the combat, and after she was subdued she was let free with the remainder. But it may perhaps be said, that she was the assailant, and that resistance was an act of mere defence, and self preservation. Let us then pursue the matter a step further. Our ships had blockaded the Tripolitan Admiral in the bay of Gibraltar; suppose, he had attempted to make his way out, without first firing upon them: if permitted to do it, the blockade was a farce; if hindered by force, this would have mounted to more than a mere act of defence; and if a combat had ensued, we should then have been in an unequivocal situation.
illustration of the unintelligible right, to take the life, but not to abridge the liberty, or capture the property, of an enemy.
Let us suppose an invasion of our territory, previous to a declaration of war by Congress. The principle avowed in the message would authorize our troops to kill those of the invader, if they should come within the reach of their bayonets, perhaps to drive them to the sea and drown them; but not to disable them from doing harm, or by the military power of making them prisoners, and sending them into confinement. Perhaps it may be replied, that the same end would be answered by disarming and leaving them to starve. The merit of such an argument would be complete by adding, that should they not be famished, before the arrival of their ships, with a fresh supply of arms, we might then, if able, disarm them a second time, and send them on board their fleet, to return safely home.
The inconvenience of the doctrine in practice, is not less palpable than its folly in theory. In every case it prevents a most unequal warfare. In the instance which has occurred, the vanquished Barbarian got off with the loss of his guns. Had he been victorious, the Americans, whose lives might have been spared, would have been doomed to wear out a miserable existence in slavery and chains. Substantial benefits would have rewarded his success; while on our side, life, liberty and property, were put in jeopardy for an empty triumph. This, however, was a partial inconvenience—cases may arise in which evils of a more serious and comprehensive nature would be the fruits of this visionary and fantastic principle.—Suppose that, in the recesses of Congress, a foreign maritime power should unexpectedly declare war against the United States, and send a fleet and army to seize Rhode-Island, in order from thence to annoy our trade and our sea port towns. 'Till the Congress should assemble and declare war, which would require time, our ships might, according to the hypothesis of the Message, be sent by the President to fight those of the enemy as often as they should be attacked, but not to capture and detain them: If beaten, both vessels and crews would be lost to the United States: If successful, they could only disarm those they had overcome, and must suffer them to return to the place of common rendezvous, there to equip anew, for the purpose of resuming their depredations on our towns and on our trade.
Who could restrain the laugh of derision at positions so preposterous, were it not for the reflection that in the first magistrate of our country, they cast a blemish on our national character? What will the world think of the fold, when such is the shepherd?
LUCIUS CRASSUS.
National Official Documents.
REPORT,
From the SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY, in obedience to the directions of the act supplementary to the act entitled "An Act to establish the Treasury Department."
[CONCLUDED FROM OUR LAST.]
Sales of Public Lands.
THE only data on which to calculate the annual revenue, which may probably be derived for the ensuing eight years, from those sales, are the quantity of land at the disposal of government, compared with the probable annual demands; and the actual sales, which have taken place since the several land offices have been opened.
The precise quantity cannot be ascertained all the surveys not being yet completed, and the western boundary line of the Virginia reservation, from the head spring of the Little Miami, northward, being neither surveyed, nor even the principle on which its course must depend, determined by the terms of cession, accepted by Congress.
The estimate (N) may, however, be considered so far correct as to render it certain, that the quantity of public lands north west of the Ohio, within the Indian boundary line, and not yet disposed of, amounts to very near nine millions of acres.—A general map of those lands, including the Virginia reservation, and the grants to the Ohio company, and to JOHN C. SYMMES, which has been compiled from the survey of the Indian boundary line, and from the draughts returned to the Treasury Department, will be transmitted to Congress; and will more clearly explain their relative situation than could be done by any written description.
The statement (O) shows the actual sales which have taken place in the several land offices, to the 31st day of October last. By this it appears that 398,646 acres have been sold, for 834,887 dollars; of which sum 248,461 dollars have been paid, and 586,426 remain due; being payable under the law in instalments, bearing interest from the date of sales, and which will become due in the years 1802—1805, in the proportions exhibited in the statement.
The quantity of land sold either at the public sales of the three land offices, or at Marietta, Chillicothe and Cincinnati, or at private sale at Steubenville, where the land office was first opened, cannot afford any just data, on which to predicate an estimate of the probable annual sales, as the may be supposed to have been greater when the lands were first offered for sale than at subsequent periods.
Rejecting therefore the result of the whole of the public sales, and that of the
first two months private sales at Steubenville; it appears that there have been sold at private sale 122,673 acres at Steubenville during a period of 14 months, ending the 31st day of October last; 64,205 acres at Chillicothe during a period of 5 months, ending on the same day; 42,656 acres at Cincinnati during a period of 6 months, ending on the same day; and 1,241 acres at Marietta during a period of 16 months, ending on the same day; which gives in the whole 231,531 acres, sold since the opening of all the land offices. The reservations in the grants to the Ohio Company, and to J. C. SYMMES, and in the townships formerly sold at New-York; the surplus of the tract appropriated for military bounties, after the same shall have been satisfied; and a tract of near one million of acres, lying north of Symmes's patent, and contained between the Great Miami and the Virginia Reservation, are not embraced in this general result. The reservations and the military tract are not yet disposable by any existing law; and the tract lying between the Great Miami and the Virginia lands, has been only partially offered for sale, under the act of Congress giving a right of preemption to certain purchasers under J. C. SYMMES. The result of the operation of this act has not yet been ascertained; it is, however, known that under it a number of tracts have been sold, and some payments already made. The remainder of the tract will afterwards, according to law, be surveyed and offered for sale on the terms as other lands.
Taking in consideration the probable sales in those several tracts, the total amount of annual sales might fairly be estimated at 400,000 acres, if the periods during which the land offices have been opened had been sufficiently long to form a safe basis for calculation. To estimate them at 250,000 acres a year, for the ensuing eight years, is equally justifiable by the actual sales, by the known usual demand, and by the quality and superior safety of title of the public lands.
The nominal price of those lands is two dollars per acre; but on account of the provisions which relate to interest and discount, they may be obtained, within a small fraction at the rate of one dollar and 84 cents, if the whole purchase money is paid at the time of sale, and may bring in the Treasury from seven to seven and a half cents per acre, if the purchaser shall avail himself of the terms of credit given by law.
If the proceeds of the whole sales shall be estimated only at the rate of 1 dollar and 84 cents per acre, it will allow 24 per cent for losses, on account of non-payments on the three last instalments; and after the year 1805 give, on an annual sale of 250,000 acres, an annual income of 460,000 dollars; but, as on account of the credit given by law, the whole of this sum will not, till after the year 1805, be annually receivable in payment of lands sold after the 1st January next; whilst on the other hand the sums due for lands, sold before the end of this year will become payable during the four next ensuing years, it will be found that, making the same deduction of 24 per cent for losses on the sums already due, the whole sum receivable for lands already sold, or to be sold, during the eight years 1802—1809, will for those eight years, on an average, amount annually to 400,000 dollars.
Some legislative provisions seem necessary to ascertain the western boundary of the Virginia lands, to define in what manner the seven first ranges of townships shall be subdivided into sections without interfering with the claims of former purchasers; and perhaps, in relation to the lands claimed by purchasers under J. C. Symmes. But the most important object, in order to secure, and improve this valuable branch of revenue, is to provide against the progress of intrusions on the public lands; and especially to devise some efficient and prompt mode of giving quiet possession to every person purchasing under the law.
Postage, Dividends on Bank Shares, Incidental.
The annual proceeds of the duties on postage may not be estimated at less than 50,000 dollars. The dividends on bank shares, at the rate of 8 per cent dividend, amount to 70,040 dollars; but as the shares themselves may eventually be wanted, as a resource to meet certain contingent demands against the United States, those dividends, although constituting a part of the revenue, unless it shall be found necessary to sell the stock, and the incidental or temporary revenues shall be omitted in this estimate of the permanent revenues.
These, therefore, are estimated in the whole, at 10,600,000 dollars, viz. Duties on merchandise and tonnage, 9,500,000 Internal duties, stamps excepted, 650,000 Proceeds of the sales of public lands 400,000 Duties on postage, 50,000
The other temporary resources of the United States, are—
1st. The proceeds of stamp duties for the 14 months from the 1st January, 1802, to the 4th of March, 1803, which under the existing law limit their continuance, 260,000 dollars
2d. The balance due on the direct tax—The amount paid in the treasury to the first instalment, so far as the same can be ascertained, was 1,245,000 dollars, leaving an outstanding sum of 755,000 dollars; but as this last sum is chargeable with all the ex-
pences of collection, estimated, at the rate of 7 per cent at 140,000 dollars, the real balance is only about 615,000 dollars; and as delays and perhaps an eventual loss may be expected on the last part of the collection, it would not be safe to estimate the amount, which will probably be paid in the Treasury, at more than 450,000 dollars.
3d. The proceeds of sales of public vessels—Fifteen vessels have been sold under the act of last session of Congress for 75,767 dollars and 73 cents; of which sum, 50,412 dollars and 83 cents had been paid, on the 30th of September last, leaving an outstanding balance of 25,354 dollars and ninety cents.
4th. The excess of specie in the Treasury beyond the sum which it is prudent to keep there, may be estimated at about one million of dollars.
5th. The shares of the bank of the United States, owned by the United States, are at 33, 1-3 per cent advance, worth 1,184,000 dollars.
Those several items, exclusively of several balances due by individuals, and a part of which will eventually be received in the Treasury, constitute a sum exceeding three millions of dollars, and may, for the present, be considered as resources sufficient to meet the demands against the United States, which may be eventually payable on account of the sixth article of the treaty with Great Britain, and of the article of the Convention with France.
The permanent expenditures of the United States relate, either to the current expenses of government, domestic or foreign, civil and military, or to the payment of the interest and principal of the public debt.
The estimates of appropriations for the ensuing year, amounting to 3,448,147 dollars and 18 cents, include all the expenses of government, other than those in relation to the public debt, with the exception of those incident to the intercourse with the Barbary powers, estimated after the ensuing year, by the Secretary of State, at 70,000 dollars; of those which may be incurred for the purchase of arms, estimated by the Secretary of War, at 55,000 dollars; and of a part of the Indian annuities, amounting to 11,000 dollars; These items having been omitted in the estimates of the ensuing year, because the balances of unexpended appropriations have been considered as sufficient for those objects by the secretaries of state and war, respectively. On the other hand, a sum of about seventy thousand dollars, in relation to the census and quarantine laws, which is included in those estimates is a temporary expense.
The particular sums which, under existing laws, seem necessary to defray each particular authorized expense, being detailed in the annual estimates, will not be repeated here: it appears sufficient to recapitulate the gross amount of the general heads of Expenditure, viz.
  For all domestic expenses of a civil nature including the civil department, and all the miscellaneous items of the light houses and mint establishments, of the surveying department, of pensions, claims, and contingencies,  780,000    For all the expenses of intercourse with foreign nations, including those of the diplomatic department, those incident to the prosecution of claims, and to the protection of seamen in foreign countries, and those in relation to the Barbary powers,  200,000    For the military establishment, including all the expenses in relation to the army, to arsenals and magazines, to the fabrication and purchase of arms and military stores, to fortifications, and to the Indian department,  1,420,000    For the navy department, including all the expenses in relation to the ships kept in commission, or laid up in ordinary, to the building of new ships, and to dock yards,  1,100,000     3,500,000  
Making altogether three millions and five hundred thousand dollars, which sum, deducted from the estimated revenue of ten millions and six hundred thousand dollars, leaves a sum of seven millions and one hundred thousand dollars, annually applicable to the payment of interest and redemption of the principal of the public debt.
It must be further observed, that the sums assigned to each head of expenditure, being deducted from the estimates of appropriations necessary for the ensuing year; and these having been calculated before the establishment of peace in Europe was known, they are predicated, for every item which relate to supplies on the then existing prices. A considerable reduction will take place in every item, which depends on the price of provisions, freight, transportation and even wages. Although the saving thence arising, cannot yet be correctly ascertained, it may not be estimated at less than 200,000 dollars annually. It is therefore believed that after defraying every expense necessary to support every civil, military, or naval establishment, to the extent now authorized by law; the annual surplus, applicable to the debt, may be confidently estimated at seven millions and three hundred thousand dollars.
The statement [P] exhibits the amount of the unredeemed principal of the public debt as it will be on the 1st of January next, and
of the annual interest and charges payable thereon, including the annual reimbursement on the six per cent and deferred stock. By the printed statements of receipts and expenditures for the year 1800, transmitted to Congress the first week of the present session; it appears that the unredeemed principal of the public debt (exclusively of the sums passed to the credit of the commissioners of the sinking fund, which are only a nominal debt due by the United States to themselves; and after deducting the reimbursement of the principal of the six per cent stock, operated by the annual payment of 3 per cent, on the nominal amount of that stock) amounted, on the 1st of January, 1801, to 80,161,207 dollars and 60 cents.
By the statement [P] it appears that the unredeemed principal will, on the 1st of January, 1802, amount to 77,881,890 dollars and 29 cents; the difference of 2,279,317 dollars and 31 cents being the amount of principal paid during the year 1801.
During the same year 1801, more than eight hundred thousand dollars shall have been remitted to Holland, in part of the interest and instalments on the Dutch debt, falling due next year; which sum is not included in the amount of principal, thus stated to have been paid during the present year. The sums which on the 1st January, 1801, had been remitted to Holland, in part of the interest and instalments due in the course of this year, and which were not deducted from the amount of public debt on the 1st of January 1801, did not exceed five hundred thousand dollars. The amount of debt actually paid, or for the payment of which provision shall have been made during the present year, will not therefore be less than two millions five hundred thousand dollars. And it is believed, though it cannot at present be precisely ascertained, that the balance of specie in the Treasury, which, on the 1st of January 1801, was 2,557,395 dollars and 38 cents, will not be diminished on the 1st of January, 1802.
The Treasury accounts being settled to the 30th day of September last, the amount of public debt paid during the half year, commencing on the 1st of April, and ending on the 30th September 1801, as well as the comparative view of the Treasury at the commencement, and end of that period may be precisely stated.
The payments in part of the principal of the debt, made during these six months, exclusively of certain parts of the unfunded debt, which have been reimbursed have been,
  1st. To the commissioners of the sinking fund, and to be by them applied, on the 1st of January next, to the reimbursement of the six per cent stock, Dolls.  129,043 82    2d. To the bank of the United States, on account of the principal of fundy temporary loans, formerly obtained from that institution.  500,000    3d. For remittances to Holland, on account of the Dutch debt, 782,665 dollars and 79 cents; from which deducting 245,980 dollars and 50 cents, being the interest and commissions for one half of the year 1801, on that debt; leaves paid on account of the principal.  536,685 29    4th. Evidences of public debt paid for lands,  21,822 66     1,187,016 78  
Amounting altogether to one million, one hundred and eighty seven thousand and sixteen dollars and seventy-eight cents.
The balance of specie in the Treasury amounted, on the 1st of April, 1801, to 1,794,044 dollars and 85 cents, and on the 1st of October, 1801, to 2,946,098 dollars and 73 cents, making a difference in favor of the Treasury of 1,152,054 dollars and 88 cents; which last sum added to the above stated payments on account of the principal of the debt, makes an actual difference in favor of the United States of 2,339,010 dollars and 66 cents, during those six months.
The principal of the public debt unredeemed on the 1st of January, 1802, is, in the statement [P] arranged under four heads, viz.
  1st. Six per cent and deferred stocks. The nominal amount of this debt is 41,879,525 dollars 23 cents, and the eight per cent annuity, applicable to its interest and reimbursement of principal, amounts to 3,350,362 dollars and one cent. As by the effect of this annuity 5,027,740 dollars and 57 cents of the principal shall have been reimbursed on the 1st of January, 1802, the unredeemed principal of that debt will on that day be only,  dols. 36,851,784 66  
The interest, at the rate of 6 per cent, on which sum is
2,211,107 3
The part of the 8 per cent annuity at present applicable to the redemption of the principal is, therefore, 1,189,254 dollars, and three cents, and encreasing each year, at compound interest, shall, without any further provision, have discharged the whole of the six per cent in the year 1818, and the whole of the deferred debt in the year 1824.
2d. Three per cent stock amounts to
dolls. 19,079,705 63
And the interest on the same to
572,891 16

No provision has been made for its redemption, occasional payments for lands excepted.
3d. All other domestic debts created under the present government of the union, in order either to discharge other debts, or to meet certain extraordinary expenses. These include the five and a half, four and a half navy six, 1796 six, and eight per cent stocks, and the temporary loans obtained from the bank, and amount together to dollars, 12,035,400
The interest on all these constitutes an item of 828,350 50
4th. The foreign debt due in Holland, and at Antwerp, amounts, including premiums and gratifications, to dollars, 9,915,000 The interest on which, commissions and charges included, is, for the year 1802, 476,931
This last debt being payable in instalments, at certain fixed dates, and it being necessary to purchase remittances in America, near six months before the payments are made in Holland; the statement [R] has been added, to shew the payments, both on account of principal and interest, which become annually due in Holland, until the final redemption of the debt in 1809; and the sums which it will be necessary every year to provide in America in order to meet those payments. The greater part of this debt becomes due in the course of the five next ensuing years; and the annual payments, on account of principal and interest for that period exceed, on an average, two millions of dollars. The inconvenience and difficulty of procuring remittances to that amount, and the real injury arising from such heavy disbursements abroad, render an extension of the terms of payment, by partial re-loans, a desirable object; and measures have been taken to ascertain its practicability.—All that seems wanted is, that the gross amount of payments which are to take place during the eight next years, should be more equally apportioned amongst those years; and any greater surplus of revenue which might be freed by that operation, would be applicable to the redemption of those species of the domestic debt which it may be thought most eligible to reimburse.
Whether this operation shall be effected or not, no difficulty is apprehended from want of resources, to discharge every instalment as it shall become due; the sum payable in 1803, in which year the largest payments must be made in Holland, amounting, including both those, and all other actually due, on the account of the interest and reimbursement of the domestic debt, to only 7,100,000 dollars, or to 200,000 dollars less than the annuity of 7,300,000 dollars, which has been estimated as the surplus of revenue applicable to that object.
If that surplus does exist, and if it will be sufficient to meet all the engagements of the United States as they become due, the only remaining objects of enquiry seem to be; what impression will, during the next eight years to which these estimates refer, be made on the public debt, by the annual application of that surplus? In what time would the same annuity discharge the whole of the public debt?
The statement [S] exhibits the effect produced at the end of the year 1809, on the debt, by the annual application of that sum (7,300,000 dollars) to the payment of both principal and interest, and shews that at the end of those eight years it shall have paid the whole of the Dutch debt; of the temporary loans due to the bank: of the navy six per cent and of the five and a half per cent stocks; 5,525,300 dollars, and 38 cents of the eight per cent stock; 150,387 dollars and 26 cents, of the four and a half per cent stock; and 11,399,263 dollars and 6 cents of the principal of the six per cent and deferred stocks, amounting altogether to thirty-two millions and two hundred eighty-nine thousand, one hundred and fifty dollars and seventy cents.
The public debt would, therefore, on the 1st January 1810, be reduced to 45,592,739 dollars and 59 cents, viz. 954,899 dollars and 62 cents of the eight per cent stock; 25,612 dollars and 74 cents of the four and a half per cent stock (both of which would be discharged during the four first months of the year 1810;) 80,000 dollars of the 1796 six per cent stock; 25,452,521 dollars and 60 cents of the six per cent and deferred stocks, and the 19,079,705 dollars and 63 cents, three per cent stock.
It is true that this statement is predicated on the supposition that the whole of the remittances to Holland may be purchased at par, which is not probable: but on the other hand it is calculated on the principle of a yearly, instead of a quarter yearly payable annuity; or, as if all the payments made in one year, on account of the principal of the debt, took place only at the end of the year, instead of being made,
as will be the case, in the course of the year, and stopping the interest from the end of the quarter in which they may be made. The supposed extra cost of bills on Holland is at least partly covered by that difference, and cannot materially affect the general result.
It may in the same manner be shewn that the same annual sum of 7,300,000 dollars, applied to the payment of the principal and interest of the public debt, would, on the supposition that the whole of the six per cent and deferred stocks may be redeemed at par, and that the whole of the three per cent stock should be reimbursed at its nominal value, discharge the whole of the public debt in seven years and a half after the year 1809, or within the year 1817.
The only part of the preceding estimates which is liable to any material error, is what relates to the probable annual revenue derived from the impost, and from the sales of land. Should these prove to have been correct, it will result that the present revenues of the union are sufficient to defray all the expenses, civil and military, of government, to the extent authorized by existing laws; to meet all the engagements of the United States, and to discharge, within eight years, thirty-two millions of dollars of the principal, and, within fifteen years and a half, the whole of the public debt: that any increase of expense will, probably, either render an increase of taxes necessary, or retard the ultimate payment of the debt; and that any reduction in the present rate of expenditure, may permit a reduction of the present taxes, or be the means of accelerating the redemption of the public debt. All which is most respectfully submitted.
ALBERT GALLATIN, Secretary of the Treasury. Treasury Department, 18th Dec. 1801.
War-Department, 23d Dec. 1801.
SIR, IN obedience to the resolution of the House of Representatives of the 22d instant, I have the honor of transmitting herewith, a statement of the present military establishment of the United States (marked A) and an estimate of all the posts and stations for which garrisons will be expedient, and of the number of men requisite, in my opinion, for each garrison, (marked B) and request you to lay the same before the House.
I have the honor of being, With respectful consideration, SIR, Your very obedient servant, H. DEARBORN. The honorable the SPEAKER of the HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES.
[A.]
Military Establishment. Brigadier General 1, Quarter Master Gen. 1, Pay Master Gen. 1, Inspector of the Army 1, Inspector of Artillery 1, Division Quarter Master 1, Brigade Inspectors 2, Inspector of Fortifications 1, Brigade Quarter Masters 2, Aid-de-Camp 1, Judge Advocate 1, Lt. Cols. Commandants 6, Majors 16, Captains 74, First Lieutenants 106, Second Lt. 42, Paymasters 6, Quarter Masters 6, Adjutants 6, Surgeons 6, Surgeon's Mates 12, Cadets 106, Sergeant Majors 16, Q. Master Sergeants 16, Senior Musicians 10, Sergeants 296, Corporals 296, Drummers 50, Fifers 50, Trumpeters 2, Artificers 262, Privates 4040—Aggregate 5438.
Wanting to complete this establishment, 1 Inspector of Fortifications, 2 Brigade Quarter Masters, 1 Lt. Colonel, 1 Major, 5 Captains, 17 First Lieutenants, 11 Second Lieutenants, 5 Surgeon's Mates, 94 Cadets, 4 Sergeant Majors, 5 Quarter Master Sergeants, 5 Senior Musicians, 62 Sergeants, 74 Corporals, 3 Fifers, 1 Trumpeter, 124 Artificers, 975 Privates—Aggregate 1384.
Signed, T. H. CUSHING, Maj. & Inspect'r.
[B.]
Estimate of all the Posts and Stations where Garrisons will be expedient, and of the number of Men requisite for each Garrison.
   Names of Posts. Where Situated. No. of Comp. of Artillery. No. of Comp. of Infantry.     Michilimackinac, N.W. Territory, 1 1   Detroit, Ditto, 1 4   Niagara, New-York, 1 1   Fort Wayne, N.W. Territory, 0 1   Pittsburgh & Cincinnati, Pennsylvania & N.W. Territory 1 1   St. Vincennes, Indiana Territory, 1 1   Fort Massac, Near the mouth of the Ohio, 1 1   S.W. Point, &c. Tennessee, 1 2   Chickasaw Bluffs, On the Mississippi, 1 1   Fort Adams, On do. near the Spanish boundary 1 4   Fort, On the Mobile river, near the Spanish boundary 1 1   Fort Greene, Fort Wilkinson & say Cumberland Island, Georgia, 1 3  
   Posts. Where Situated. No. Comp.     Fort Moultrie, &c. and Fort Johnston, South-Carolina and North-Carolina, 2   Fort Norfolk, &c. and Fort M'Henry, Virginia and Maryland, 2   Fort Mifflin & the Arsenal, Near Philadelphia, Penn. 2   Fort Jay and West Point, New-York, 2   Fort Walcutt & Fort Trumbull, Rhode-Island & Connecticut, 2   Fort Independence, and the Magazine at Springfield, Massachusetts, 2   Fort Constitution & Fort, New-Hampshire & District Maine 1  
Total, Twenty Companies of Artillery, and Twenty Companies of Infantry, each Company to consist of Seventy-six Men, exclusive of Commissioned Officers and Cadets.
H. DEARBORN. War Department, 23d Dec. 1801.
National Legislature.
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES.
MONDAY, DEC. 28.
P. SLOAN'S PETITION.
A REPORT was received from the Secretary of State, to whom was referred the petition of Philip Sloan, some time a prisoner at Algiers. The report concluded with proposing, that the sum of 2800 dollars should be paid him in full of all his claims.
Referred to the committee of the whole, made the order of the day for Wednesday, and ordered to be printed for the use of the members.
TUESDAY, DEC. 29.
LIBRARY.
Mr. Randolph moved, that the select committee, to whom were referred the resolutions from the Senate on the subject of a Congressional library, should have leave to report by bill, which was granted. Mr. R. then presented the report of the select committee, which was referred to the committee of the whole, and made the order for to-day.
A BRIDGE.
Mr. Stratton presented a petition and memorial from a number of the inhabitants of Alexandria county, in the Territory of Columbia, similar to the one presented a few days ago, by Mr. Sprigg, and signed by a number of the inhabitants of the county of Washington.
The memorial stated, that great public benefit would result from having a bridge erected across the Potomac, at the mouth of Washington, from the Southern and Western termination of Maryland avenue, to Alexander's island, which would shorten the road from the capitol to Alexandria, so as to make the distance less by nearly one half. It was referred to the committee who were appointed to consider what alterations are necessary in the laws for the government of this territory.
TEMPORARY LAWS.
Mr. Davenport from the committee of revivis, and unfinished business, made a report in part of sundry laws that would expire on the 3d of March, 1802.
LIBRARY.
The House then went into committee of the whole on the subject of a Congressional Library, Mr. Rutledge in the chair.
The bill was in substance the same as the resolutions sent from the Senate some days ago, except that part which respected the regulations for the library, which the bill proposes to leave to the President of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives.
When the 4th Section of the bill was read by the Chairman, Mr. Sprigg offered an amendment.
This Section designates the persons who are to have the use of the Library, viz.—the President and Vice-President, the members of the Senate and of the House of Representatives of the United States for the time being, the heads of Departments during the sitting of Congress, and the Judges of the Supreme Court of the United States when in session.
Mr. Sprigg proposed to add the Judges of the District Court for the District of Columbia, when in session at the City of Washington.
The question on the amendment was negatived.
The blank in the bill respecting the Librarian's compensation was filled with two dollars a day, for the time his attendance should be necessary.
When the section was read relative to a farther appropriation for enlarging the Library.
Mr. Randolph moved to strike out that section—He observed, there were more than 2,800 of the 5,000 dollars, already appropriated, yet unexpended. He believed that would be sufficient for the present; future legislatures could, and he trusted would always be disposed to grant such further sums as should be necessary.
Mr. Elmer was also in favour of striking out the section; which was agreed to.
The committee rose and reported.
the bill as amended, and the amendments were agreed to by the House.
The bill was ordered to have a third reading to-morrow.
MILITARY ESTABLISHMENT.
Mr. Randolph laid on the table the following resolution:
Resolved, That it is expedient to reduce the military establishment of the United States.
He observed that it appeared from the report of the Secretary at War that a considerable reduction might be made; but he would not call up the resolution for some days, as the House appeared thin.
WEDNESDAY, DEC. 30.
LIBRARY.
The House resumed the Library Bill. Mr. Randolph moved to strike out the clause for allowing the attorney-general, the heads of the departments, and the judges of the supreme court during their sessions to use the books. He wished rather to see whether the Library would be sufficient to accommodate the members of Congress, before an extension to access was permitted. Mr. Griswold also advocated the motion.
A reconsideration of the section being granted, the clause was stricken out.
ARMY.
Mr. Randolph withdrew his motion for the reduction of the army, in order to move its reference when in committee of the whole on the state of the union; to whom were referred the documents from the war department on that subject.
The House resolved itself into a committee thereupon, when a motion was again made and agreed to as well as in the House without debate.
INTERNAL TAXES.
Mr. Davis moved two resolutions for a committee to be appointed to enquire into the expediency or inexpediency of repealing the acts imposing duties on refined sugar, on licences for retailing spirituous liquors, on sales at auction and on pleasure carriages.—After some observations as to the proper reference, a motion of Mr. Bayard prevailed, to refer them to the committee of ways and means.
THURSDAY, DEC. 31.
A petition of Constant Freeman, a Canadian refugee, and from several inhabitants of the state of New-Jersey respecting post roads, were presented and referred.
The Library bill was read a third time and passed.
Mr. J. C. Smith made report from the committee of claims on the several petitions of Leonard Jarvis; the securities of John and Jacob Gilbert, and of William Elles; which were unfavourable to the petitioners: the house concurred.
Dr. Mitchel, after observing that it was proper to lay up and retain timber for naval purposes, it might be expedient to apply the product of the sales of public vessels and naval stores which had been made, to that object; proposed the following:
Resolved, That enquiry ought to be made whether any, and what further provision is necessary relative to dock yards and naval stores.
A motion for the house to go into committee, prevailed; when the following motion was made and passed, with which the house concurred, viz:
Resolved, as the opinion of this committee, that so much of the message of the President of the U. S. as relates to naval preparations and the establishment of sites for naval purposes, ought to be referred to a select committee. Five members were appointed.—
A message was received from the Senate, containing some resolutions respecting lieut. Sterret and the officers and crew of the Schooner Enterprise, approving their gallantry, and making presents as a token of national gratitude.
On motion, the message was referred to a committee of the whole for Monday next.
INTERNAL REVENUE.
Mr. Bayard moved a resolution "that the committee of ways and means be instructed to enquire into the expediency of repealing the laws paying duties on stills and domestic distilled spirits; on refined sugar; on licences to retailers; on sales at auction and on pleasure carriages.—It was afterwards moved and admitted to insert on stamp vellum, parchment and paper, and postage of newspapers."
MONDAY, JAN. 4.
A report from the Secretary of the Navy, accompanying one from the Commissioners of the navy pension and half-pay funds, was received.
A letter was received from Samuel Dexter, late Secretary of War, stating that he had been sued in his personal character for the house which he had rented for the war office, which had been consumed.
JUDICIARY.
The House went into committee on the following resolutions moved by Mr. Randolph, viz.
1. Resolved, That it is expedient to enquire whether any and what alterations should be made in the Judicial establishment.
2. Resolved, That provision ought to be made for the impartial selection of juries.
3. Resolved, That it is expedient to enquire whether any and what reductions can be made in the civil expenses of the government.
These resolutions were agreed to in the committee, and in the House, after a short conversation, without a division. The two first were committed to a committee of seven, and the last to a committee of five members.
APPORTIONMENT BILL.
The House went into committee of the whole on this bill. A motion of Mr. Bayard's, to strike out the ratio of "33,000," and insert "30,000," occasioned a debate, which continued through the day.
TUESDAY, JAN. 5.
After the reference of some local business, the House again went into committee, on the
APPORTIONMENT BILL.
After a considerable debate, the question to strike out "33,000" was negatived—Ayes 42—Noes 48.
An amendment was agreed to, giving Maryland nine, instead of eight Representatives, in consequence of the supplementary return received from that state.
The committee reported the bill as amended; the House concurred, and the bill was ordered for a third reading to-morrow.
ALMANACK,
FOR THE YEAR OF OUR LORD, 1802.
   Sunday. Monday. Tuesday. Wednesday. Thursday. Friday. Saturday.     January. 0 1 2 3 4 5 6   3 4 5 6 7 8 9   10 11 12 13 14 15 16   17 18 19 20 21 22 23   24 25 26 27 28 29 30   31 0 1 2 3 4 5   February. 0 1 2 3 4 5 6   7 8 9 10 11 12 13   14 15 16 17 18 19 20   21 22 23 24 25 26 27   28 0 1 2 3 4 5   March. 0 1 2 3 4 5 6   7 8 9 10 11 12 13   14 15 16 17 18 19 20   21 22 23 24 25 26 27   28 29 30 31 0 1 2   April. 0 1 2 3 4 5 6   7 8 9 10 11 12 13   14 15 16 17 18 19 20   21 22 23 24 25 26 27   28 29 30 31 0 1 2   May. 0 1 2 3 4 5 6   7 8 9 10 11 12 13   14 15 16 17 18 19 20   21 22 23 24 25 26 27   28 29 30 31 0 1 2   June. 0 1 2 3 4 5 6   7 8 9 10 11 12 13   14 15 16 17 18 19 20   21 22 23 24 25 26 27   28 29 30 31 0 1 2   July. 0 1 2 3 4 5 6   7 8 9 10 11 12 13   14 15 16 17 18 19 20   21 22 23 24 25 26 27   28 29 30 31 0 1 2   August. 0 1 2 3 4 5 6   7 8 9 10 11 12 13   14 15 16 17 18 19 20   21 22 23 24 25 26 27   28 29 30 31 0 1 2   September

Domestic News.
BALTIMORE, Jan. 5.
ANOTHER
INSURRECTION AT GUADALOUPE.
Arrived yesterday, Schooner Exchange, Capt. Vibert, from Guadalupe. Left it on the 11th, at which time Point-Petre and the whole of the Island, was in confusion, another insurrection having taken place there, which, had it not been fortunately discovered at the moment, would have involved the total destruction of every white and mulatto in the island.
The rebels in the present insurrection, were the country blacks against the whites and mulattoes. The former, having lent a helping hand in the revolution which had been just effected, expected a total emancipation from their masters; but not finding that event confirmed, or even contemplated in the Proclamation of the yellow general, Pelage, they had determined to achieve their own liberty, through the blood of Pelage and his party. For this purpose, 11,000 were to have been organized on the night succeeding that on which the plot was discovered—to have burnt the towns and to have murdered every man, woman and child of Pelage's party! At that very moment only when it could possibly have been defeated, was the plot discovered by a black woman, who was the kept mistress of a white man, when four of the ring-leaders were apprehended.
Notwithstanding the bloody project had been discovered, and for the present warded off, yet every thing was apprehended from the vengeance and ferocity of the blacks, and all was in the utmost confusion. In such haste was the island deserted by those who could get off, that the Exchange came away on the 11th with only 2 hands on board. An English and a French frigate were at that time off the island, cautioning vessels not to go in. Accounts had also been received, that Gen. McDonald, with 18,000 men had failed for the windward, and General Rochambeau, with 40,000, for the leeward islands.
The Legislature have passed an Act for altering the Judiciary System of the State. True Wisdom, in times of party contention, would be cautious what it did. At such periods few things appear in their proper light. Men who are for removing every impediment to temporal party views are unfit for rulers. They are fit for nothing but to ruin a country.
WASHINGTON, Jan. 5.
The House of Representatives have this evening, after a long and warm debate, passed the Bill fixing the apportionment of representation at 33,000, which will make the house after the next election consist of 141 members.
PHILADELPHIA, Jan. 4.
The Mammoth Cheese was yesterday presented to the President of United States. It was conveyed from a house in Pennsylvania Avenue, on a dray, drawn by two horses.
We are told, it was presented by the Rev. Mr. Leland, who was accompanied by two clergymen, and many other persons.
Extract of a letter to a gentleman in Baltimore, dated Batavia, Aug. 30th, 1801.
About 14 days ago we had the great misfortune to lose our worthy father, the great philanthropist, the General GOVERNOR VAN OVERSTRAETER. He has been succeeded by the former director, Gen. SIEBERG, and in his room the counsellor WIESE.
The Island Ternate, has been taken by the British, after an obstinate resistance from the Dutch.
Ternate is one of the northernmost islands of the Moluccas; it was considered as the key of it, but of itself is of no use, as it produces nothing.
CHESTER COUNTY ELECTION.
An Election was held in this county on Tuesday the 22d inst. for a Member of the State Legislature to fill the vacancy occasioned by the death of Abiah Taylor, Esq.—General returns as follows:
Republican—Isaac Anderson, Esq. 1178—Federalist—Francis Gardner, Esq. 1136.
Majority for the Republican 42!!
At length after a painful and arduous struggle or siege, of four years, we have at length rent the temple of Aristocracy in twain, in this devoted county, which in fact has been the nursery of torvism and federalism, for a series of years back—the denomination of people called FRIENDS turned out and voted for Mr. Gardner, the Federal candidate. Aurora.
Dec. 6.
MR. PICKERING.
In noticing the calumnies propagated by the Democrats, against the character of Colonel Pickering, the Baltimore "Anti-Democrat," concludes with the following:—
"The truth is, and when the committee appointed for that purpose shall report, it will appear, that there are no grounds for a suspicion that Mr. Pickering ever speculated on public money, that he ever misapplied any, defrauded the public of any, or was ever or is now a delinquent. On the contrary, the accounts of Mr. Pickering are all settled, except a few thousand dollars, which are known to have been duly appropriated at the time, but for which vouchers are not yet arrived. Nor ought we to be surprised at this, when it is known, that Mr. Jefferson now stands charged with many thousands of dollars (we believe upwards of 30) charges made when he was secretary of state. Probably Mr. Jefferson's accounts not being settled, may be attributed to the same cause as the small sums of Mr. Pickering's yet unsettled: Certainly we have no disposition to believe that Mr. Jefferson has defrauded the public, or is in fact delinquent."
"Mr. PICKERING was ever, as to pecuniary matters, a man of prudence tho' not of parsimony. When he left the office of secretary of state, he had saved not quite one hundred dollars of his salary. It were not improper here to mention, that, in one instance, in a profitable purchase of bills on London, he made (as the word is used in traffic) upwards of 14,000 dolls. This however was not put in his own purse, but in the public treasury, a sum we believe almost equal to the amount of his whole salary while in office."
Jan. 6.
The Legislature of Delaware, has under consideration the validity of the late election of Governor in that State.
NEW-YORK, Jan. 7.
DISCRIMINATING DUTIES.
We have already made some remarks on the proposition for repealing the act imposing an extra duty on foreign shipping, transporting merchandise to our country. The subject is of vast magnitude, and altho we dare not question the patriotism of our merchants, we are not a little surprised at the apathy with which the proposition has been received.
This measure involves in its consideration the very existence of our maritime power and character, and men ought to be well assured that it will not eventually destroy our navigation, before they give it their assent. We pretend not to have a very correct or extensive knowledge of mercantile concerns; but it is proper decently to comment on every measure of legislation, and every proposition that can affect our national business or strength.
The United States have no foreign possessions—all their trade is with the possessions of other nations. In this respect our situation differs materially from that of the great commercial nations of Europe. The British and French governments can, by their own acts, shut us from their possessions, or lay such restrictions on our trade, as to deprive us of the best portion of it. Before our treaty with Great-Britain and the late war in Europe, the Americans were compelled to purchase British shipping, and form connections with British houses, in the name of which the ships were navigated, and also to procure three fourths British seamen, in order to carry on a direct trade to the British islands. By the first returns of the amount of shipping owned in the United States, at the commencement of the present Constitution, a large part of our business was found to be carried on in British bottoms. The discriminating duty on foreign ships, in one or two years, reduced the quantity to a mere trifle.
BOSTON, Jan. 14.
Mr. Gallatin, in his late Report to Congress, observes—that there is yet due on the Direct Tax, the sum of 755,000 dollars; of which he calculates there will eventually be a loss of 165,000 dollars, besides the expence of collection. With all due deference to the abilities and foresight of our Genevan Secretary, we would enquire, how this loss, which he speaks of, is eventually to happen? We have always understood, that this tax was levied on the property, and not on the tenants; and therefore perfectly secure to the Government. Perhaps Mr. Gallatin may think that an act of remission will be passed, for what is unpaid, seeing that the money is not wanted; and that it would be unpleasant, and perhaps inconvenient for the southern, (particularly Virginia) delinquents to pay it; or, if this should not be the case, that he mistrusts the honesty of the Collectors.—In New England, the tax has been generally, if not wholly, collected, without delay, or the loss of a cent to Government.
Mr. Dawson, member of Congress from Virginia, and Doct. Campbell, came passengers in the Atlantic, arrived at New York, from Bristol. Mr. Dawson has many dispatches for Government, and sets out immediately for the City of Washington.
Admitting, however, that "measures for exterminating the human race," were debated, what less has Mr. Jefferson done with the Mediterranean expedition? What less are the present Congress doing:—against a foe too, whom we have not a hundredth part the cause to apprehend much violence from.—"If the demagogues of party could once be bro't to sooth the minds of the people instead of inflaming them—and the editors of newspapers to investigate the propriety of measures, instead of abusing, blackguarding and defaming the author: of them, then would this unfociable spirit of many, be banished from our country and councils, and candid examination take place of ignorance and defamation."
[Daily Adv.]
LETTERS FROM FRANCE
Received at New-York, mention, that Benexeth, a Counsellor of State, is to accompany the expedition of St. Domingo, where he is to reside as the Vice Consul (in other words Viceroy) of Bonaparte. Gen. Clark is to command the expedition; which is to comprise between twenty and thirty thousand men; and is to have under him Generals Rochambeau, Boudet and Desforneaux. They say, that Madam Bonaparte (who is a Creole by birth, and resided many years in the West-Indies) has written an address to the colonists, assuring them of the good intentions of her husband. They order these matters gingerly in France.
THE FINANCIAL REPORT.
MR. GALLATIN'S Report affords a very clear view of our debt and of our resources to pay it off. We admit it is merit to exhibit facts without affecting the praise of innovation or novelty. It will ever afford pleasure to the Federalists to find cause for approbation in the measures of the new rulers. The Report made by Mr. Gallatin shews how abundantly able the nation is to pay its debt honestly, and how little pretext a Rhode-Island politician could have for cheating it out. The Report reflects no little honor on the wisdom and integrity of the federal administrations. It shews, and from the pen of an adversary, how very false and groundless are the million charges on Secretary HAMILTON, that he wished to keep the debt as a blessing. It shews, that all that could be contrived by his ingenious mind, has been enacted by Congress to bind fast the public faith invariably to apply the surplus revenue to the extinguishment of the debt. Let the deluded Democrats, who have for years believed these slanders of the Federalists, retract their now confuted errors. Candor requires it, that is something; Mr. GALLATIN requires it, that is every thing.
Jan. 18.
FROM EUROPE.
It was announced in the Centinel of Saturday, that Capt. Preble was spoken with at sea, in lat. 41, 30, long. 64, from Liverpool, which place he left Nov. 30, in company with the ships Holland, Tew, and Reunion, Redman, all bound to Boston. From the state of the wind and weather for the week past, it was expected they would have arrived before this; but we are sorry to say, nothing farther has transpired respecting them.
Mr. Low, the proprietor of the stage, from Gloucester, (Cape Ann) informs of the arrival there, on Friday morning, of the Schooner Charming Nancy, Capt. Stenwood, in 35 days from Lisbon, bringing London papers to the 23d November. From this quarter too we have nothing to communicate; as we cannot learn, that the papers have reached town; or that the letters, received by her, contain a syllable of news.
An arrival at New-York, furnishes London papers to Nov. 40; but they communicate little else than the elaborate discussions of the leading members of the Imperial Parliament of England, on the late peace. These papers, we understand, briefly inform of another political revolution having taken place in Switzerland; and another Constitution, from the pigeon-holes of Bishop Sneyd, adopted.
Sir Sydney Smith has arrived in England from Egypt;—Lord Whitworth goes Ambassador to France; Lord Nelson is to be employed in the West-Indies.
By an arrival at New-York, on Wednesday, from Havana, letters have been received, announcing that the port of Havana was shut on the 25th of Dec. against the admission of American vessels.
By an arrival at Baltimore from the West Indies, it appears, that a French fleet of 45 sail, with troops on board, had been spoken with near Guadalupe; at which place it was supposed they were bound.
PORTSMOUTH, JANUARY 19.
"What a different position do our national councils assume at this day to what they did at the last session: now at peace with the rest of the world, and busied with regulating their own concerns; then, deliberating on the propriety of going to war—Gracious God! the representatives of a free people debating on the expediency of entering into measures for exterminating the human race! without cause, without object, without end."
[Telegraph.]
[Reader, this is not so, and the writer of the paragraph, let him be who he may, knows it; he knows that Congress, at the last session, were not "deliberating on the propriety of going to war," but on the contrary, on the propriety of going out of a war which the rapacity, piracy, and exterminating measures of his almighty master. France had with the utmost reluctance, and after several fruitless embassies of conciliation on our part, forced us into—he knows that at the last session the peace establishment was commenced, and that all those measures of self-defence, nay of self-existence, were abandoned, which had been entered into, not "without cause, without object, without end."
of the Universal Creed, accompanied with an address adapted to the occasion, was presented by brother John Waite to brother Barnes, as the rule of his faith, practice and preaching. The Charge was given by brother Lathe, and the Right Hand of Fellowship by brother Richards, who concluded the solemnities with a blessing.
Marine Intelligence.
Bolton, Jan. 16.
Arrived, Ship Romulus, Capt. Freeman, 107 days from Isle of France, sugar, coffee, &c. Left Ship Lydia, Capt. Wayne, for Boston, to sail next day. The Merry Quaker, sailed 10 days before, for Boston. Left at Bourbon, Capt. Brown of Salem, Capt. Matthews of N. York.—Oct. 25, was boarded by 3 English ships, detained some time, and permitted to proceed.—Nov. 21, lat. 20, S. long. 27, 55, W. spoke a Portuguese ship from Lisbon, for the Brazils, who informed that they on the 18th Nov. spoke the brig Equator, Capt. Boardman, two months and 20 days from Portsmouth, N. H. had carried away his main-mast (and from the little English, Capt. F. could understand from them) he judged the Equator was bound to the Eastward of the Cape of Good Hope, but that they intended to touch at the Cape to repair.
Dec. 6, was spoke inside the B. & S. Isd. Franklin, from Portsmouth, 24 days out. During the last year, 1375 vessels arrived at New-York, from foreign ports.
Entered at the Custom-House. Ship Nancies, Moor, Madeira. Brig Friendship, Keen, Martinico.
CLEARED.
Schooner Perseverance, Fillel, Barbadoes. Brig Betsy, Grover, Grenada. Brig Rising Sun, Noble, Barbadoes. Brig Union, Treadwell, Jamaica.
Bill of Mortality.
—DIED—
At Deerfield, in a sudden and unexpected manner, JEREMIAH EASTMAN, Esq. in the 70th year of his age, much lamented by his friends and acquaintance—he having been a very useful member of society, both in public and private stations.
At Haverhill, Catharine Emerson, supposed to have been above 100 years of age.
At Wakefield, (in childhood) Mrs. Piper, the amiable and justly esteemed consort of the Rev. Asa Piper.
In Kilmarnock, (Scotland) October 18, twenty-nine persons were killed in the mending-house, in consequence of a crowding to get out, produced by an alarm that one of the galleries was falling, which arose from the breaking of a feat.
In this town, a child of Capt. Thomas B. Stevens.
NOTICE.
THE subscriber begs leave to return thanks to his friends and customers, for the many obligations he has received from them, and informs them that he still continues in his line of business—at the same time he would beg leave to acquaint the Public that the Portland, Portsmouth, Newbury, Salem and Boston Mail Stages run every day in the week, Sunday excepted, at 4 o'clock in the morning, from the Inn formerly kept by Mr. John Stevens, in Pitt-street, and which house is now kept by the subscriber. Gentlemen who wish to go the lower road, can be accommodated with seats, by applying to the subscriber, who keeps the Stage-Office, and is provided with careful drivers, and good accommodations for those who wish to travel. He also endeavors to keep a good supply of provisions and liquors, and every attention will be paid to those who may please to honor the Mail Stage Inn with their company, and the smallest favors very gratefully acknowledged by the Public's most humble servant,
James A. Geddes.
Portsmouth, Jan. 15, 1802.
To be sold at Auction on FRIDAY 29th January inst. on the premises, a
Valuable lot of Land, with a DWELLING HOUSE thereon, in good-repair, in Liberty Square, (so called) now occupied by Mr. David Loud, the land is 54 feet on the street, carrying that width back 56 feet—also,
A Water Privilege,
opposite, of the same width, and running to the Channel. The terms of payment to be made known at the place of sale, which will be at twelve o'clock.
ALEXANDER EWEN, Auctioneer. Portsmouth, January 19, 1802.
ALL persons indebted to, or that have demands against the estate of THOMAS TUTTLE, late of Lee, deceased, are requested to exhibit the same for settlement to the subscriber, administratrix to said estate.
COMFORT TUTTLE, Adm'x. Lee, Jan. 18, 1802.
BARLEY.
Upham & Garland, WILL pay CASH for Barley, at the highest price.
GOODS as usual.
The following enumeration we insert, not only as interesting to present curiosity, but as important to the future Statistical Historian of the Metropolis of the United States.
An enumeration of the houses in the city of Washington, made November 1801.
Houses in an habitable state on the 15th May, 1800—Brick 108, wood 261. Houses finished since the 15th May 1800—Brick 75, wood 150. Houses proposed to be finished before the 15th Nov. 1801—Brick 13, wood 4. Houses not finished—Brick 81, wood 35. Total number of houses of all descriptions in the city of Washington, Nov. 1801—
The City of New-Orleans contains about 1400 houses, and 9500 inhabitants.
The legislature of New-Jersey, has passed a law by which all debts of 100 dolls. and under, are cognizable by a Justice of the Peace.
The annual revenues of Portugal amount to £. 2,200,000 sterl. nearly one half of which arises from Portugal itself, the other from
The Brazils, £. 260,000 Trade in Diamonds. 170,000 From the Islands, and E. and West India possessions, 700,000 £. 1,130,000
There are about one million of inhabitants in the Brazils. Besides the revenue which the government draws from abroad, great sums are received by private individuals.—The English government, with all its territories in India, does not derive nearly so much advantage in respect of revenue from them.
The Portuguese army, when complete, which it seldom is, amounts to 32,000 infantry and 4000 cavalry.—Its naval force consists of 18 ships of different sizes, from 80 to 40 guns; the complement of seamen is 12,000.
The following gentlemen compose the Committee of the Sufferers by French Spoliations, who reside in Philadelphia, viz. Messrs. J. Ball, T. Fitzsimons, C. Pettit, J. S. Cox, S. Girard, H. Pratt, J. Craig. They are to present a memorial to Congress, to correspond with committees of other sufferers, and to make report within 20 days.
From Port Republican—Dec. 6.
The French Passengers, who have lately arrived here from the United States, have been imprisoned; and the times are very troublesome.
Prices of Provisions at St. Kitts, December 12—FLOUR, 10 dollars, dull; BEEF, 14 dollars, dull; PORK, 21 dollars, in demand.
ORDAINED.
On Wednesday the 6th inst. was ordained in Gray meeting House, Mr. THOMAS BARNES, over the Universal United Churches and Societies of Falmouth, New-Gloucester and Norway, in the District of Maine. The solemnities were introduced by reading a portion of scripture by brother George Richards—by whom a Prayer was made, and a Sermon delivered suited to the occasion. The Ordination Prayer by brother Zephaniah Lathe.—The Bible, as the platform

SEPTENNIAL DIVISION OF TIME.
THE seven first years of life, man's break of day, Gleams of short sense a dawn of thought display; When fourteen springs have bloomed his downy cheek, His soft and bashful meaning learns to speak. From twenty-one proud manhood takes its date; Yet is not strength complete till twenty-eight; Then to his five and thirtieth, life's gay fire, Sparkles, burns bright, and flames in fierce desire. At forty-three his eyes grave wisdom wear, And the dark future dims him o'er with care, With forty-nine, behold his toils increase, And busy hopes and fears disturb his peace. At fifty-six cool reason reigns entire, Then life burns steady, and with temp'rate fire. But sixty-three unbends the body's strength, Ere the unwearied mind has run its length. And when from seventy, age surveys her last, Tird she stops short—and wishes all were past.
Advice to YOUNG MEN.
ARE you a tradesman? get married—a wife will be an additional inducement to diligence in your calling, and the diligent hand maketh rich; you will have fewer temptations to spend your money foolishly and the time which might be otherwise idly squandered, and which is more valuable than money, will be agreeably passed in her society. Are you a farmer? Get married—a wife is cheaper than a housekeeper; her industry will assist you many ways, and your children will soon share and lighten your labor—take her to your bosom—her activity and neatness will render your abode delightful, and thy heart will be gladdened at the sight of thy home—when thy nerves are racked with anguish, when the infirmities of age shall enfeeble thy frame, she will watch over thy slumbers, and forward thy wishes with the assiduity of unabated affection—her piety and faith will awaken and confirm thy own, and the children of your children will call you blessed.
THE SHEPHERD OF OGER-SHEIM.
GONSALVO, who was Lieutenant-General to the Spanish General, the Marquis of Spinola, and Governor of Milan, in 1634, intending to take possession of a little walled village in the Palatinate, called Ogerheim, dispatched an officer, at the head of some troops upon that errand. On the first alarm, nine tenths of the inhabitants removed to Manheim, leaving behind them about twenty insignificant people, and a poor shepherd, who, beside being a brave fellow, was a man of humor. The shepherd in good time fastened the gates, let down the draw-bridge, and made a wonderful show of resistance. A trumpeter summoned the village in form, upon which the few inhabitants that remained made their escape through a postern-gate, and left only the shepherd, and his wife. This unaccountable peasant, in the style of the representative of a garrison, gave audience, from the walls, to the military Herald, and made his terms of capitulation inch by inch, stipulating, at the same time, for the preservation of the state, and the free exercise of the Protestant religion. Imagine, therefore, what must be the surprise of the Spaniards, when they entered the village, and found him and his wife only in it! Yet the droll peasant preferred the mufles of his countenance inflexible; and, some weeks afterwards, he desired the great Gonsalvo to stand godfather to his child; which honor the pompous Spaniard, for the jett's sake, could not decline, but, on the contrary, sent her some very handsome presents.
MORALIST.
SIXTY years hence, not a single man or woman that is now twenty years of age, shall be found! What a melancholy truth! but truth it is—a stubborn fact; and what is still more melancholy, many, very many of the lively actors of the stage of life at the present day, shall make their exit long ere sixty years have rolled away. Sixty years! could we be sure of sixty years, what are they? "a tale that is told," a dream, an empty sound, that passeth on the wings of the wind away, and is forgotten. Years shorten as man advances in age: Like the degrees in longitude, man's life decreaseth as we travel towards the frozen pole, until they dwindle to a point, and vanish forever.
Is it possible that life is of so short a duration? Will sixty years destroy all the golden names over the doors in the cities and towns of this flourishing country, and place new ones in their stead? Will all the blooming beauties, who now appear more than mortal, fade and disappear in sixty years?—Can it be the fate of the belles and beaux, who now flaunt with the finest flour on their heads, in sixty years to be powdered with dust and ashes?—Alas! it can and most assuredly will be so.
"Sixty years!" says Death, grinning a ghastly smile, "do you think I am going to starve sixty years? Not I!—This very day, before the sun reaches "the margin of the west," thousands of belles and beaux, besides numerous old men and babes, shall be sacrificed to feed, but not to fill my ever empty maw."
Store Broken Open.
FIFTY DOLLARS REWARD.
ON the night of the 22d inst. the subscriber's store at Hampton was broken open and the following articles stolen, viz. 2 pieces blue Forest Cloth; 1 do. brown do; 1 piece mixed Broad Cloth; several pieces Muffin; 20 Muffin Handkerchiefs; 1 piece Cotton Cambrick; sundry remnants Calicoes, and many other articles, amount about 250 dollars; whoever will apprehend the thief so that the goods may be recovered shall have the above reward, or twenty-five dollars for apprehending the thief or thieves. JOSEPH S. LEAVETT. December 29, 1801.
STATE OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE.
Rockingham, ss. THE subscribers being appointed executors of the last Will of the Hon. GEORGE JAFFREY, late of Portsmouth, in said county, Esquire, deceased—and having given bonds as the law directs; ALL persons indebted to said estate, are requested to make payment to JEREMIAH LIBBEY, of said Portsmouth, without delay, and all those who have demands, are desired to exhibit them to him.
JOHN JEFFRIES, JEREMIAH LIBBEY. Portsmouth, Jan. 4, 1802.
State of New-Hampshire. Grafton, ss.
NOTICE is hereby given to the non-resident proprietors and owners of land in Bridgewater, who are delinquent in paying the taxes thereon for the year 1801, that so much of their land as will pay the taxes assessed thereon with incidental charges, will be sold at public vendue at my dwelling-house in Bridgewater, on the 18th day of March next, at 10 o'clock A. M. unless prevented by previous payment.
Table with 4 columns: Owners Names, Lot No., Quantity, Value. Lists various owners like M. Thornton, Esq., Tilley How, William Tolford, etc., with their respective lot numbers and values.
HANCOCK. State of New-Hampshire.
NOTICE is hereby given to the non-resident proprietors and owners of land in Hancock, who have not paid their taxes for the year 1801, that unless they pay the same to the subscriber on or before the 15th day of April next, so much of their land as will pay the same with incidental charges will be sold at public vendue, at 10 o'clock A. M. on said day at the dwelling-house of Andrew Seaton, innholder in said town.
Table with 4 columns: Owners Names, Lot No., Quantity, Value. Lists owners like Lemuel Marden, Nathaniel Prentiss, Amos Whittmore, etc., with their respective lot numbers and values.
State of New-Hampshire. Strafford ss.
NOTICE is hereby given to the owners of the several pieces of land hereinafter named, lying in the town of Wolfborough, in said State and county, who have not paid their taxes in said Wolfborough for the year 1801, that so much of the said land as will pay the same with incidental charges, will be sold at public vendue on the 15th day of February next, at one of the clock in the afternoon, at the dwelling-house of William Rogers, in said town, unless prevented by previous payment.
Table with 4 columns: Owners Names, Lot No., Quantity, Value. Lists owners like Jacob Wiggin, John Farneld, Tho's Perkins, etc., with their respective lot numbers and values.
TO BE SOLD,
A VERY valuable FARM, lying in the town of Sanbornton, in the county of Strafford, containing one hundred and fifty acres of tillage and mowing land, with a good orchard that produces from 60 to 70 barrels of cyder a year, with other valuable fruit trees, well watered, with an aqueduct into the yard, two houses and barns thereon; any person desirous to obtain further information may, by applying to Daniel Jewell, of Stratham, or Jonathan Thompson, living on the premises. Stratham, Jan. 9, 1802.
TAKE NOTICE.
SIX months longer being allowed the Commissioners, by the Hon. Jeremiah Smith, Esq. Judge of Probate of Wills, &c. in and for the county of Rockingham, to receive the claims of the several creditors to the estate of Capt. JOHN MOULTON, late of Hampton, in said county, deceased, represented insolvent, hereby give notice, that they will attend for that purpose, on the third day of this and the five following months, from two to seven o'clock in the afternoon, on said days, at the dwelling-house of James Leavitt, innholder in Hampton. COTTON WARD, JONA MARSTON, JAMES LEAVITT, } Commissioners. Hampton, Dec. 14, 1801.
A fine Chance for young Farmers.
FOR SALE AT PUBLIC AUCTION, On Thursday the 28th January next at Mr. JOHN GREENLEAF's Inn, in Portsmouth, New-Hampshire. One fourteenth part of the town of MAYNESBURGH,
ADJOINING Shelburne, in the county of Grafton in said State.—This town lays about 80 miles on a direct line from Portsmouth, and about 60 from Portland.—A road from Connecticut River passes through this town, as also that beautiful river Amerikoggin.
This tract contains about 2200 acres, and will be sold in small parcels, or altogether, as will best suit the purchaser. Terms of payment, one third down, one third in 12, and one third in 18 months, on giving notes, with approved endorser. A good title will be given. Sale at eleven o'clock. ALEXANDER EWEN, Auctioneer. Portsmouth, Dec. 29, 1801.
TO BE SOLD BY
Samuel Hill, At his Store on Spring-Hill, as follows, —VIZ.— 40 Hhds. 2, 3, 4, proof St. Vincents and Tobago RUM. A quantity of SUGAR. COFFEE and COTTON. GIN and BRANDY. IRON HOLLOW WARE. IRON. Halback and German STEEL. GRINDSTONES. a few
English Goods, which will be sold very cheap for cash, or short approved credit. N. B. Cash and the highest price given for Shipping Furs. Portsmouth, October 31, 1801.
Joseph & Joshua Haven,
Have just received an additional supply of Real American made BEAVER HATS, of a superior manufacture and formed in the newest fashion. Their assortment of European and India GOODS, is large and well suited to the Season. They have also a few Pieces Russia and Ravens Duck, and Russia SHEETINGS—all of which are offered for sale at the lowest prices. Dec. 12, 1801.
State of New-Hampshire.
NOTICE is hereby given to the non-resident proprietors and owners of land in Antrim, who have not paid their taxes for the year 1800, that unless they pay the same to me the subscriber, on or before the twenty-second day of April next, so much of their land as will pay the same together with incidental charges, will be sold at public vendue at 1 o'clock P. M. on said day, to the highest bidder, at the dwelling-house of Mark Woodbury, innholder in said town.
Table with 4 columns: Owners Names, Lot No., Quantity, Value. Lists owners like John M'Keen, Maj. Dan'l Miltimore, George Jaffrey, etc., with their respective lot numbers and values.
Dan'l Austin,
Has for sale at his Store south of Mr. Buckminster's Meeting-house, opposite the new Market, Groceries in general, Wholesale and Retail.
—VIZ.— HYSON, Gun- & Rock, Lisbon and powder, Hy- & fine SALT. son-skin, Souchong & RUM. Bohea TEAS. BRANDY. Loaf and Brown SUGAR. GAR. REDWOOD. COFFEE. LOGWOOD. CHOCOLATE. FUSTICK. MOLASSES. ALLUM. RICE, ground do. COPPERAS. FLOUR. BRIMSTONE. Spanish, French and PEPPER. Carolina INDIGO. GINGER. W. I. and Georgia ALLSPICE. COTTON. Flax OIL. Cask and Box RA- & Bar IRON. SINS. Caffe and common Mould and Dip SOAP. CANDLES. Poland STARCH. CORN. RYE. SPICES, &c. &c. PAPER for Rooms, different qualities, as low as at the Manufactory. The above articles will be sold very low for cash, or exchanged for country produce. [6 w.]
SPRINGFIELD.
NOTICE is hereby given to the non-resident owners of land in Springfield, in the county of Cheshire, and State of New-Hampshire, who have not paid their highway and county taxes for the year 1801, that so much of their land as will pay the same with incidental charges, will be sold at public vendue, to the highest bidder, at the house of Lt. Daniel Noyse in said Springfield, on the 5th day of April next, at two of the clock P. M. unless prevented by previous payment.
Table with 4 columns: No. Lot, Acres, Highway Tax, County Tax. Lists land owners like Ann Ordway, Lt. John Swet, Maj. Jam. M'Gre, etc., with their respective lot numbers, acres, and tax amounts.
CHARLES PEIRCE
BOOK-SELLER, No 5, Daniel-street, Portsmouth, N. H. HAS JUST RECEIVED FOR SALE, a complete assortment of FAMILY BIBLES, from 25 dollars (all pieces) down to 1 dollar each; Testaments from 40 cents to 1 dollar each. also, an extensive assortment of
BOOKS,
On DIVINITY, TRAVELS, LAW, VOYAGES, PHYSIC, HUSBANDRY, HISTORY, NAVIGATION, GEOGRAPHY, POETRY,—and BIOGRAPHY, NOVELS. Village Harmony; Law's art of Singing; Harmony of Maine; Rural Harmony, &c. by the dozen or single; Watts' Hymns and Psalms; Smith's and Alline's HYMN BOOKS; Henry's explanation to the whole Bible; the whole book of Martyrs, together with a most capital assortment of Books in every branch of knowledge and polite literature, suitable for public and private LIBRARIES, &c. &c. also, a large assortment of SCHOOL & CLASSICAL Books, by wholesale and retail. C. Peirce has also for sale, a large assortment of STATIONARY, &c. such as Writing & letter Papers of various prices and qualities; Log Book, Wrapping, Sheathing and Press Papers; Sealing Wax; Wafers; Quills; Ink Powder; Slates and Pencils; Cyphering and Writing Books; a variety of Ink Pots; Sand Boxes; Penknives; Razors; Razor-Straps; Shaving Soap, Boxes and Brushes. a very large assortment of Account, Record, Journal, Letter and Waste Books; Gentlemen and Ladies Pocket Memorandum Books, of various prices. Charts & Maps. C. Peirce has also for sale, CHARTS of the British Channel; ditto of Spain and Portugal; of all the West-India Islands; of the coast of America; of the Atlantic Ocean; of the Gulph and River St. Lawrence; of Georges' Banks; of the United States; of New-Hampshire; and of the seat of War in France, &c. &c. Day and Night Spy Glasses; Hadley's Quadrants; Scales & Dividers; Black-Sand; Red and Black Ink; Trunks; Almanacks; Registers, &c. &c. all of which will be sold very cheap. New LIBRARIES supplied—and old ones replenished on generous terms, and every favor will be duly noticed by C. PEIRCE.
NOTICE.
TO be sold at public auction on Thursday 28th day January 1802, at 11 o'clock A. M. on the premises, so much of the house and land situated at the South part of the town of Portsmouth (adjoining land of Mr. Thomas Walden) lately occupied by Capt. William Blunt, as will pay the following taxes and incidental charges, unless prevented by payment to me, viz. House and land at the south } D. C. part of the town lately occupied by Capt. William Blunt, for 1800, } 3 0 ditto, ditto, 1801, } 2 40 JOSEPH AKERMAN, Jr. Collector. Portsmouth, December 14, 1801. [6w]
AN TRIM.
State of New-Hampshire. NOTICE is hereby given to the non-resident proprietors and owners of land in Antrim, who have not paid their taxes for the year 1801, that unless they pay the same to me the subscriber on or before the 22nd day of April next, so much of their land as will pay the same together with incidental charges will be sold at public vendue, at 10 o'clock A. M. on said day, at the dwelling house of Mark Woodbury, innholder in said town.
Table with 4 columns: Owners Names, Lot No., Acres, Tax. Lists land owners like Maj. Daniel Miltimore, John Woodcock, Lt. William Taggart, etc., with their respective lot numbers, acres, and tax amounts.
For CANTON,
THE fast sailing Ship RESOLUTION, Capt. OXNANT, will sail by the 20th of January—any person wishing to ship Specie, may know the terms by applying to Messrs. CLARK & CONNOR, or SAMUEL HAM. Dec. 12, 1801.
A WET NURSE.
WANTS a place—A young healthy married woman, with a good breast of milk, would go into a small family for two or three months.—Apply to the Printer.
THE Probate Court
to be held at Epsom, on the third Wednesday of this month, will then be adjourned to the third Wednesday of May next. W. PARKER, Reg. January 11, 1802.
Tame-Geese.
A FLOCK of Tame-Geese have remained some time in the inclosure of the widow KNIGHT, in Newington, the owner is requested to call and take them home. Jan. 10.
ALL persons indebted to, or that have demands against the estate of PELETIAH AYERS, late of Greenland, deceased, are requested to exhibit the same for settlement to the subscriber, administrator of said estate. JOHN AYERS. Greenland, Jan. 1, 1802.
ALL persons having any demands on the estate of HENRY MOOR, Esq. late of Chester, deceased, are requested to exhibit them for settlement, and all those indebted to said estate, are requested to make immediate payment to WILLIAM MOOR, Administrator. Chester, Jan. 4, 1802.
CONDITIONS.
PRICE of the GAZETTE, is one dollar and fifty cents a year, thirty-seven cents of which paid on subscribing, the residue any time within the year. Subscribers admitted at all times, with liberty to withdraw their names whenever they please, paying up their bills, 'till such they will be considered as customers. Newspapers done up in bundles, and directed to any particular place in a town, without additional cost—whenever sent single, or in bundles to Post-Offices, the subscribers must pay the postage. Advertisements, and all publications of a personal nature, must be accompanied with pay before insertion.