The Kentucky gazette (Lexington [Ky.]), 1802-01-29 00:00:00

THE KENTUCKY GAZETTE.
[No. 802.]
FRIDAY, JANUARY 29, 1802.
[VOL. XV.]
LEXINGTON:—PRINTED BY JOHN BRADFORD, (On Main Street)—PRICE TWO DOLLARS PER ANNUM, PAID IN ADVANCE.
REPORT
Of the Secretary of the Treasury of the United States to Congress. (Concluded from our last.)
Postage, Dividends on Bank Shares, Incidental.
THE annual proceeds of the duties on postage may not be estimated at less than 50,000 dollars. The dividends on bank shares, at the rate of 8 per cent. dividend, amount to 70,040 dollars; but as the shares themselves may eventually be wanted, as a resource to meet certain contingent demands against the United States, those dividends although constituting a part of the revenue, unless it shall be found necessary to sell the stock, and incidental or temporary revenues shall be omitted in this estimate of the permanent revenues.
These, therefore, are estimated in the whole, at 10,000,000 dollars, viz.
  Duties on merchandise and tonnage 9,500,000   Internal duties, stamps excepted, 650,000   Proceeds of the sales of public lands, 400,000   Duties on postage, 50,000   The other temporary resources of the United States, are:
1st. The proceeds of stamp duties for the 14 months from the 1st January 1802, to the 4th of March 1803, which, under the existing law limit their continuance,
2d. The balance due on the direct tax—The amount paid in the Treasury to the first instant, so far as the same can be ascertained, was 1,245,000 dollars, leaving an outstanding sum of 755,000 dollars; but as this last sum is chargeable with all the expenses of collection, estimated at the rate of 7 per cent. at 140,000 dollars, the real balance is only about 615,000 dollars; and as delays and perhaps an eventual loss may be expected on the last part of the collection, it would not be safe to estimate the amount, which will probably be paid into the Treasury at more than 450,000 dollars.
3d. The proceeds of sales of public vessels—Fifteen vessels have been sold under the act of last session of Congress, for 273,767 dollars and 73 cents; of which sum, 86,412 dollars and 83 cents had been paid on the 30th of September last, leaving an outstanding balance of 189,354 dollars and ninety cents.
4th. The excess of Specie in the Treasury beyond the sum which it is prudent to keep there, may be estimated at about one million of dollars.
5th. The shares of the bank of the United States, owned by the United States, are at 33 1-3 per cent. advance, worth 1,184,000 dollars.
Those several items, exclusively of several balances due by individuals, and a part of which will eventually be received in the Treasury, constitute a sum exceeding three millions of dollars, and may for the present, be considered as resources sufficient to meet the demands against the United States, which may be eventually payable on account of the sixth article of the treaty with Great Britain, and of the article of the Convention with France.
The permanent expenditures of the United States relate, either to the current expenses of government, domestic or foreign, civil and military, or to the payment of the interest and principal of the public debt.
The estimates of appropriations for the ensuing year, amounting to 3,448,147 dollars & 18 cents, include all the expenses of government, other than those in relation to the public debt, with the exception of those incident to the intercourse with the Barbary powers, estimated after the ensuing year, by the Secretary of State, at 70,000 dollars; of those which may be incurred for the purchase of arms, estimated by the Secretary of War, at 55,000 dollars, and a part of the Indian annuities, amounting to 11,000 dollars; these items having been omitted in the estimates of the ensuing year, because the balances of unexpended appropriations have been considered as sufficient for those objects by the secretaries of state and war, respectively. On the other hand, a sum of about seventy thousand dollars, in relation to the census and quarantine laws, which is included in those estimates, is a temporary expense,
The particular sums which, under existing laws, seem necessary to defray each particular authorised expense, being detailed in the annual estimates, will not be repeated here; and it appears sufficient to re-capitulate the gross amount of the general heads of expenditure, viz.
  For all domestic expenses of a civil nature, including the civil department, and all the miscellaneous items of the light-houses and mint establishments of the surveying department, of pensions, claims, and contingencies, 780,000   For all the expenses of intercourse with foreign nations, including those of the diplomatic department, those incident to the prosecution of claims, and to the protection of seamen in foreign countries, and those in relation to the Barbary powers, 200,000   For the military establishment, including all the expenses in relation to the army, to arsenals and magazines, to the fabrication & purchase of arms and military stores, to fortifications, and to the Indian department, 1,420,000   For the navy department, including all the expenses in relation to the ships kept in commission, or laid up in ordinary, to the building of new ships, and to dock-yards, 1,100,000 
Making altogether three millions and five hundred thousand dollars, which sum, deducted from the estimated revenue of ten millions and six hundred thousand dollars, leaves a sum of seven millions and one hundred thousand dollars annually applicable to the payment of interest and redemption of the principal of the public debt.
It must be further observed, that the sums assigned to each head of expenditure, being deducted from the estimates of appropriations necessary, for the ensuing year; and these having been calculated before the re-establishment of peace in Europe was known, they are predicated, for every item which relates to supplies, on the then existing prices. A considerable reduction will take place in every item, which depends on the price of provisions, freight, transportation and even wages. Although the saving thence arising, cannot yet be correctly ascertained, it may not be estimated at less than 200,000 dollars annually. It is therefore believed that, after defraying every expense necessary to support every civil, military, or naval establishment, to the extent now authorised by law; the annual surplus, applicable to the debt, may be confidently estimated at seven millions and three hundred thousand dollars.
The statement [P] exhibits the amount of the unredeemed principal of the public debt as it will be on the 1st of January next, and of the annual interest and charges payable thereon, including the annual reimbursement on the six per cent and deferred stocks. By the printed statements of receipts and expenditures for the year 1800, transmitted to congress the first week of the present session; it appears that the unredeemed principal of the public debt (exclusively of the sums passed to the credit of the commissioners of the sinking fund, which are only a nominal debt due by the United States to themselves; and after deducting the reimbursement of the principal of the six per cent stock, operated by the annual payment of eight per cent on the nominal amount of that stock) amounted, on the 1st of January, 1801, to 80,161, 207 dollars and 60 cents.
By the statement [P] it appears that the unredeemed principal will, on the 1st of January, 1802, amount to 77,881,890 dollars and 29 cents; the difference of 2,279,317 dollars and 31 cents being the amount of principal, paid during the year 1801.
During the same year 1801, more than eight hundred thousand dollars shall have been remitted to Holland, in part of the interest and instalments on the Dutch debt, falling due next year; which sum is not included in the amount of principal, thus stated to have been paid during the
present year. The sums which, on the 1st January, 1801, had been remitted to Holland, in part of the interest and instalments due in the course of this year, and which were not deducted from the amount of public debt on the 1st of January 1801, did not exceed five hundred thousand dollars.
The amount of debt actually paid, or for the payment of which provision shall have been made during the present year will not therefore be less than two millions five hundred thousand dollars. And it is believed, though it cannot at present be precisely ascertained, that the balance of specie in the treasury, which, on the 1st of January 1801, was 2,557,395 dollars and 38 cents, will not be diminished on the 1st of January, 1802.
The treasury accounts being settled to the 30th day of September last, the amount of public debt paid during the half year, commencing on the 1st of April, and ending on the 30th September 1801, as well as the comparative view of the treasury at the commencement, and end of that period, may be precisely stated.
The payments in part of the principal of the debt, made during those six months, exclusively of certain part of the unfunded debt, which have been reimbursed, have been,
1st. To the commissioners of the sinking fund, and to be by them applied, on the 1st of January next, to the reimbursement of the six per cent stock,
Dolls. 129,048 83 2d. To the bank of the United States, on account of the principal of sundry temporary loans, formerly obtained from that institution,
Dolls. 500,000 3d. For remittances to Holland, on account of the Dutch debt, 782,665 dollars and 79 cents; from which deducting 245,980 dollars and 50 cents; being the interest and commissions for one half of the year 1801, on that debt; leaves paid on account of the principal,
Dolls. 536,685 29 4th. Evidences of public debt paid for lands,
Dolls. 21,232 66 1,187,016 78
Amounting altogether to one million, one hundred and eighty seven thousand and sixteen dollars and seventy eight cents.
The balance of specie in the treasury amounted, on the 1st of April, 1801, to 1,794,044 dollars and 85 cents, and on the 1st of October, 1801, to 2,946,038 dollars and 73 cents, making a difference in favor of the treasury of 1,151,993 dollars and 88 cents; which last sum, added to the above stated payments on account of the principal of the debt, makes an actual difference in favor of the United States of 2,339,010 dollars and 66 cents, during those six months.
The principal of the public debt unredeemed on the 1st of January, 1802, is, in the statement [P] arranged under four heads, viz.
1st. Six per cent and deferred stocks. The nominal amount of this debt is 41,879,525 dollars 23 cents, and the eight per cent annuity, applicable to its interest and reimbursement of principal, amounts to 3,350,362 dollars and one cent. As by the effect of this annuity 5,027,740 dollars and 57 cents of the principal shall have been reimbursed on the 1st of January, 1802, the unredeemed principal of that debt will on that day be only,
Dolls. 36,851,784 66 The interest, at the rate of six per cent, on which sum is
Dolls. 2,211,107 8 The part of the eight per cent annuity at present applicable to the redemption of the principal is, therefore, 1,139,254 dollars and 3 cents, and increasing each year, at compound interest, shall, without any further provision, have discharged the whole of the six per cent in the year 1818, and the whole of the deferred debt in the year 1824.
2d. Three per cent stock amounts to
Dolls. 19,079,705 63 And the interest on the same to
572,391 16 No provision has been made for its redemption, occasional payments for lands excepted.
3d. All the other domestic debts created under the present government of the union, in order either to discharge other debts, or to meet certain extraordinary expenses. Those include the five
and a half, four and a half, navy six 1796 six, and eight per cent stocks, and the temporary loans obtained from the bank and amount together to
Dolls. 12,035,400 The interest on all these constitutes an item of
828,350 50 4th. The foreign debt due in Holland, and Antwerp, amounts, including premiums and gratuities, to
Dolls. 9,915,000 The interest on which, commissions and charges included, is for the year 1802,
476,931 This last debt being payable in instalments, at certain fixed dates, and it being necessary to purchase remittances in America, near six months before the payments are made in Holland; the statement (R) has been added, to shew the payments, both on account of principal and interest, which become annually due in Holland, until the final redemption of the debt in 1809; and the sums which it will be necessary every year to provide in America, in order meet those payments. The greater part of this debt becomes due in the course of the five next ensuing years; and the annual payments, on account of principal and interest for that period, exceed, on an average, two millions of dollars. The inconvenience and difficulty of procuring remittances to that amount, and the real injury arising from such heavy disbursements abroad, render an extension of the terms of payment, by partial re-loans, a desirable object; and measures have been taken to ascertain its practicability.—All that seems wanted is, that the gross amount of payments which are to take place during the eight next years, should be more equally apportioned amongst those years; and any greater surplus of revenue which might be freed by that operation, would be applicable to the redemption of those species of the domestic debt which it may be thought most eligible to reimburse.
Whether this operation shall be effected or not, no difficulty is apprehended from want of resources, to discharge every instalment as it shall become due; the sum payable in 1803, in which year the largest payments must be made in Holland, amounting, including both those, and all other actually due, on the account of the interest and reimbursement of the domestic debt, to only 7,100,000 dollars, or to 200,000 dollars less than the annuity of 7,300,000 dollars which has been estimated as the surplus of revenue applicable to that object.
If that surplus does exist, and if it will be sufficient to meet all the engagements of the United States as they become due, the only remaining objects of enquiry seem to be; what impression will, during the next eight years to which these estimates refer, be made on the public debt, by the annual application of that surplus? In what time would the same annuity discharge the whole of the public debt?
The statement (S) exhibits the effect produced at the end of the year 1809, on the debt, by the annual application of that sum (7,300,000 dollars) to the payment of both principal and interest, and shews that at the end of those eight years it shall have paid the whole of the Dutch debt; of the temporary loans due to the bank; of the navy six per cent. and of the five and a half per cent. stock; 5,525,300 dollars, and 38 cents of the eight per cent stock; 150,387 dollars and 26 cents of the four and a half per cent stock; and 11,399,263 dollars and six cents of the principal of the six per cent and deferred stocks, amounting altogether to thirty-two millions two hundred and eighty-nine thousand, one hundred and fifty dollars and seventy cents.
The public debt would, therefore, on the 1st January 1810, be reduced to 45,592,739 dollars and 59 cents, viz. 954,899 dollars and 62 cents of the eight per cent stock; 25,612 dollars and 74 cents of the four and a half per cent stock; (both of which would be discharged during the four first months of the year 1810;) 80,000 dollars of the 1796 six per cent stock; 25,452,521 dollars and 60 cents of the six per cent and deferred stocks, and the 19,079,705 dollars and 63 cents, three per cent stock.
It is true that this statement is predicated on the supposition that the whole of the remittances to Holland may be purchased at par, which is not probable; but

on the other hand it is calculated on the principle of a yearly, instead of a quarterly payable annuity; or, as if all the payments made in one year, on account of the principal of the debt, took place only at the end of the year, instead of being made, as will be the case, in the course of the year, and stopping the interest from the end of the quarter in which they may be made. The supposed extra cost of bills on Holland is at least partly covered by that difference, and cannot materially affect the general result.
It may in the same manner be shown that the same annual sum of 7,300,000 dollars, applied to the payment of the principal and interest of the public debt, would, on the supposition that the whole of the six per cent and deferred stocks may be redeemed at par, and that the whole of the three per cent stock should be reimbursed at its nominal value, discharge the whole of the public debt in seven years and a half after the year 1809, or within the year 1817.
The only part of the preceding estimates which is liable to any material error, is what relates to the probable annual revenue derived from the impost and from the sales of land. Should these prove to have been correct, it will result that the present revenues of the union are sufficient to defray all the expenses, civil and military, of government, to the extent authorized by existing laws; to meet all the engagements of the United States, and to discharge, within eight years, thirty-two millions of dollars of the principal, and, within fifteen years and a half, the whole of the public debt: that any increase of expense will, probably, either render an increase of taxes necessary, or retard the ultimate payment of the debt: and that any reduction in the present rate of expenditure, may permit a reduction of the present taxes, or be the means of accelerating the redemption of the public debt.
All which is most respectfully submitted.
ALBERT GALLATIN, Secretary of the Treasury. Treasury Department, 18th Dec. 1801.
CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES.
SENATE.
Friday, January 8, 1802.
JUDICIARY ESTABLISHMENT.
Mr. Breckenridge. It will be expected of me, I presume, Sir, as I introduced the resolution now under consideration, to assign my reasons for wishing a repeal of this law. This I shall do; and shall endeavor to show,
1. That the law is unnecessary and improper, and was so at its passage; and 2. That the Courts and Judges created by it, can and ought to be abolished. 1st. That the act under consideration, was unnecessary and improper, is to my mind no difficult task to prove. No increase of courts or judges could be necessary or justifiable, unless the existing courts and judges were incompetent to the prompt and proper discharge of the duties assigned to them. To hold out a show of litigation, when in fact little exists, must be impolitic; and to multiply expensive systems, and create hosts of expensive officers, without having experienced an actual necessity for them, must be a wanton waste of the public treasure.
The document before us shews, that at the passage of this act, the existing courts, not only from their number, but from the suits depending before them, were fully competent to a speedy decision of those suits—It shews that on the 15th day of June last, there were depending in all the Circuit Courts, (that of Maryland only excepted, whose docket we have not been furnished with,) 1539 suits. It shews that 8276 suits of every description have come before those courts, in 10 years and upwards. From this it appears, that the annual average amount of suits, has been about 800.
But sundry contingent things have conspired to swell the circuit court dockets. In Maryland, Virginia, & in all the southern and south-western states, a great number of suits have been brought by British creditors: this species of controversy is nearly at an end.
In Pennsylvania, the docket has been swelled by prosecutions in consequence of the Western insurrection, by the disturbances in Bucks, and Northampton counties; and by the Sedition Act. These I find amount in this State to 240 suits.
In Kentucky, nonresident land claimants have gone into the Federal Court from a temporary convenience; because, until within a year or two past, there existed no court of general jurisdiction co-extensive with the whole state. I find too, that of the six hundred and odd suits which have been commenced there, 196 of them
have been prosecutions under the laws of the United States.
In most of the states there have been prosecutions under the Sedition Act. This source of litigation is I trust for ever dried up.—And lastly in all the states a number of suits have arisen under the Excise law; which source of controversy, will, I hope, before this session terminates, be also dried up.
But this same document discloses another important fact; which is, that nevertheless all these untoward and temporary sources of federal adjudication, the suits in those courts are decreasing ; for from the dockets exhibited (except Kentucky and Tennessee, whose suits are summed up in the aggregate) it appears, that in 1799 there were 1274; and in 1800 there were 687 suits commenced; shewing a decrease of 587 suits.
Could it be necessary then to increase courts when suits were decreasing ? Could it be necessary to multiply judges, when their duties were diminishing? And will I not be justified therefore in affirming that the law was unnecessary, and that Congress acted under a mistaken impression, when they multiplied courts and judges at a time when litigation was actually decreasing.
But, Sir, the decrease of business goes a small way in fixing my opinion on this subject. I am inclined to think, that so far from there having been a necessity at this time for an increase of courts and judges; that the time never will arrive, when America will stand in need of 38 federal judges. Look fir at your Constitution, and see the judicial power there consigned to federal courts, and seriously ask yourself, can there be fairly extracted from those powers subjects of litigation sufficient for 6 supreme and 32 inferior court judges?—To me it appears impossible.
The judicial powers given to the federal courts were never intended by the Constitution to embrace, exclusively subjects of litigation; which could with propriety be left with the state courts. Their jurisdiction was intended principally to extend to great national and foreign concerns. Except cases arising under the laws of the United States, I do not at present recollect, but three or four kinds in which their power extends to subjects of litigation, in which private persons only are concerned. And can it be possible, that with a jurisdiction embracing so small a portion of private litigation, in great part of which the state courts might and ought, to participate, that we can stand in need of 38 judges; and expend in judiciary regulations the annual sum of 137,200 dollars?
No other country, whose regulations I have any knowledge of, furnishes an example of a system so prodigal and extensive. In England, whose courts are the boast, and said to be the security of the rights of the nation, every man knows, there are but 12 judges and 3 principal courts. These courts embrace in their original or appellate jurisdiction almost the whole circle of human concerns.
The King's bench and Common Pleas, which consist of 4 judges each, entertain all the common law suits of 40s. and upwards, originating among nine millions of the most commercial people in the world. They moreover revise the proceedings of not only all the petty courts of record in the kingdom, even down to the courts of Piepoudre; but also of the court of King's bench in Ireland; and these supreme courts, after centuries of experiment, are found to be fully competent to all the business of the kingdom.
I will now enquire into the power of Congress, to put down these additional courts and judges.
1st. As to the courts.—Congress are empowered by the constitution "from time to time, to ordain and establish inferior courts." The act now under consideration, is a legislative construction of this clause in the constitution, that congress may abolish as well as create these judicial officers; because, it does expressly, in the 27th section of the act, abolish the then existing inferior courts, for the purpose of making way for the present. This construction I contend is correct; but it is equally pertinent to my object, whether it be, or be not. If it be correct, then the present inferior courts may be abolished as constitutionally as the last; if it be not, then the law for abolishing the former courts and establishing the present, was unconstitutional and consequently repealable.
But independent of this legislative construction on which I do not found my opinion, nor mean to rely my argument, there is little doubt indeed in my mind, as to the power of Congress on this law. The 1st section of the 3d article, vests the judicial power of the United States in one supreme court and such inferior courts as Congress may from time to time ordain and establish. By this clause Con-
gress may from time to time establish inferior courts; but it is clearly a discretionary power, and they may not establish them. The language of the constitution is very different when regulations are not left discretionary. For example—"the trial, says the constitution, of all crimes, (except in cases of impeachment) shall be by jury: Representatives and direct taxes shall be applied according to numbers: All revenue bills shall originate in the house of representatives," &c. It would therefore in my view, be a perversion not only of language, but of intellect, to say, that although congress may from time to time establish inferior courts, yet when established, that they shall not be abolished by a subsequent congress, possessing equal powers. It would be a paradox in legislation.
2d. As to the Judges.—The judiciary department is so constructed as to be sufficiently secured against the improper influence of either the executive or legislative departments. The courts are organized and established by the legislature, and the executive creates the judges. Being thus organized, the constitution affords the proper checks to secure their honesty and independence in office. It declares they shall not be removed from office during good behavior; nor their salaries diminished during their continuance in office. From this it results, that a judge after his appointment, is totally out of the power of the president, and his salary secured against legislative diminution, during his continuance in office. The first of these checks, which protects a judge in his office during good behavior, applies to the president only, who would otherwise have possessed the power of removing him, like all other officers, at pleasure ; and the other check, forbidding a diminution of their salaries, applies to the legislature only. They are two separate and distinct checks, furnished by the constitution against two distinct departments of the government; and they are the only ones which are or ought to have been furnished on the subject.
But because the constitution declares that a judge shall hold his office during good behavior, can it be tortured to mean that he shall hold his office after it is abolished? Can it mean, that his tenure should be limited by behaving well in an office which did not exist? Can it mean, that an office may exist although its duties are extinct? Can it mean, in short, that the shadow, to wit, the judge, can remain, when the substance, to wit, the office, is removed? It must have intended all these absurdities, or it must admit a construction which will avoid them.
That construction obviously is, that a judge should hold an existing office , so long as he did his duty in that office; and not that he should hold an office that did not exist, and perform duties not provided by law. Had the construction which I contend against been contemplated by those who framed the constitution, it would have been necessary to have declared explicitly, that judges should hold their offices and salaries during good behavior.
Such a construction is not only irreconcilable with reason and propriety, but is repugnant to the principles of the constitution. It is a principle of our constitution, as well as of common honesty, that no man shall receive public money, but in consideration of public services. Sinecure offices therefore are not permitted by our laws or constitution. By this construction, complete sinecure offices will be created; hosts of constitutional pensioners will be settled on us, and we cannot calculate how long. This is really creating a new species of public debt; not like any other of our debts, we cannot discharge the principal at any fixed time. It is worse than the deferred stock, for on that you pay an annual interest only, and the principal is redeemable at a given period. But here, you pay an annual principal , and that principal irredeemable except by the will of Providence. It may suit countries where public debts are considered as public blessings, for in this way a people might soon become superlatively blessed in deed.
Let me not be told Sir, that the salaries in the present case, are inconsiderable, and ought not to be withheld; and that the doctrine is not a dangerous one. I answer, it is the principle I contend against; and if it is heterodox for one dollar, it is equally so for a million.—But I contend, the principle, if once admitted, may be extended to destructive lengths. Suppose it should hereafter happen, that those in power should combine to provide handsomely for their friends, could any way so plain, easy and effectual present itself, as by creating courts, and filling them with those friends? Might not 60 as well as 16, with salaries of twenty thousand, instead of two thousand dollars, be provided for in this way?
The thing I trust will not happen. It
is presuming a high degree of corruption; but it might happen under the construction contended for; as the constitution presumes corruption may happen by any department of the government, in the checks it has furnished against it; and as this construction does open a wide door for corruption, it is but fair reasoning to shew the dangers which may grow out of it; for in the construction of all instruments, that which will lead to inconvenience, mischief or absurdity ought to be avoided. This doctrine has another difficulty to reconcile:—After the law is repealed, they are either judges or they are not. If they are judges, they can be impeached; but for what? For malfeasance in office only. How, I would ask, can they be impeached for malfeasance in office, when their offices are abolished? They are not officers, but still they are intitled to the emoluments annexed to an office. Although they are judges, they cannot be guilty of malfeasance, because they have no office. They are only quasi judges so far as regards the duties , but real judges so far as regards the salary . It must be the salary then, and not the duties which constitute a judge.—For my part, I do not know under what class of things to range them, or what name to give them. They are unacknowledged by the letter, spirit or genius of our constitution, and are to me non-descripts.
There is another difficulty under this construction still to encounter, and which also grows out of the constitution.—By the constitution a new state may be formed by the junction of two or more states, with their assent and that of congress. If this doctrine, once a judge and always a judge be correct, what would you do in such an event, with the district judges of the states who formed that junction? Both would be unnecessary, & you would have in a single state, two judges of equal and concurrent jurisdiction; or one real judge with an office, and another a quasi judge without an office. The states also forming such junction, would be equally embarrassed with their state judges; for the same construction would be equally applicable to them.
Upon this construction also, an infallibility is predicated, which it would be arrogance in any human institution to assume, and which goes to cut up legislation by the roots. We should be debarred from that, which is indulged to us from a higher source, and on subjects of higher concern than legislation, I mean a retraction from, and correction of our errors. On all other subjects of legislation, we are allowed it seems to change our minds, except on judicial subjects, which of all others is the most complex and difficult. I appeal to our own statute book to prove this difficulty; for in ten years Congress have passed no less than 26 laws on this subject.
I conceive Sir, that the tenure by which a judge holds his office, is evidently bottomed on the idea of securing his honesty and independence, whilst exercising his office. The idea was introduced in England, to counteract the influence of the crown over the judges; but if the construction now contended for shall prevail, we shall in one mistaken imitation of this our favorite prototype outstrip them; by establishing, what they have not, a judicial oligarchy; for there the judges are removable by a joint vote of lords and commons—Here ours are not removable, except for malfeasance in office; which malfeasance could not be committed, as they would have no office.
Upon the whole Sir, as all courts under any free government must be created with an eye to the administration of justice only; and not with any regard to the advancement or emolument of individual men; as we have undeniable evidence before us, that the creation of the courts now under consideration was totally unnecessary; and as no government can, I apprehend, seriously deny that this legislature has a right to repeal a law enacted by a preceding one; we will, in any event, discharge our duty by repealing this law; and thereby doing all in our power to correct the evil. If the judges are entitled to their salaries under the constitution, our repeal will not affect them; and they will no doubt resort to their proper remedy; for where there is a constitutional right, there must be a remedy.
Mr. Breckenridge was followed by Messrs. Cocke, and Wright, in favor of the motion; and Messrs. J. Mason and Morris against it.
Senate adjourned to Monday, when the debate will be resumed.
Whereas my wife Sarah Pavey, has left my bed and board without just cause—this is to forewarn all persons from dealing with her, or crediting her on my account; as I will pay no debts of her contracting after this date. Jan. 28, 1802.
Samuel Pavey.

American Intelligence.
North-Carolina.
RALEIGH, December 22.
The following resolution was introduced in the Senate on the 17th inst. and agreed to by both Houses:
Resolved, that the general assembly of North-Carolina, considering the interest of their state, as one of the General Government, represent that they have seen with concern, an act of the last session of Congress of the United States, entitled "An act to provide for the more convenient organization of the Courts of the United States."
"This act they consider as inconsistent with the common interest of the U. States;
"Because, they conceive the arrangements of the Judiciary before the passing of said law adequate to every purpose contemplated by the constitution:
"Because they are of opinion, an extra expense inconsistent with public economy is hereby incurred.
"Because, although this assembly have all due confidence in the present Chief Magistrate of the United States, they conceive a patronage thereby extended to the Executive, inconsistent with republican principles:
"Wherefore, they instruct the Senators of this state, and recommend to the Representatives thereof in Congress, to use their utmost endeavors to procure a repeal of said law.
"Resolved, that his excellency the governor, be requested to transmit a copy of the resolutions to the Senators and Representatives from this state in the Congress of the United States."
Lexington, January 29.
Having little news of importance, we conceived it would be gratifying to our customers to have an opportunity of reading Mr. Breckenridges arguments, in support of his motion for repealing the judiciary act of the last session of Congress, for which purpose we have given them a place in this day's paper.
By yesterday's mails we have London and Paris accounts to November 10th. From them we learn that great preparations are making at Amiens, for the reception and entertainment of the diplomatic characters who are to attend the Congress—That a fresh revolution has been effected in Switzerland—That Prussia is dissatisfied with the treaty between France and England, and talks of protesting against the Batavian republic being put in possession of the Dutch islands in the Indies.
INSURANCE COMPANY.
PUBLIC NOTICE,
IS hereby given, That an Insurance Company (for the purpose of covering property shipped on board any boat or other vessel navigating the Western waters) is now forming in Lexington; and that subscriptions of shares are taken by Messrs. John Jordan, William Macbean, Cuthbert Banks, and Henry Purviance.—Those who are desirous of becoming share-holders are requested to apply immediately, or the company will be filled.
By order of the Subscribers. JOHN BRADFORD, Ch. P. T.
THE Share-holders of THE KENTUCKY INSURANCE COMPANY, are hereby notified, that upwards of one hundred shares are taken, and that a meeting will be held at the house of Capt. John Postlethwait, in the town of Lexington, on Saturday the 30th inst. at 10 o'clock, A.M. of said Share-holders, agreeably to the constitution of said company, for the purpose of choosing officers, and organizing the company.
By order of the Share-holders. JOHN BRADFORD, P.P.T.
January 27, 1802.
There is lodged in this office, an old Black Leather Pocket Book, which was found last year, in Nelson county. It contains sundry notes, bonds, &c. from which it appears to be the property of Richard Shackelford. The owner can get it by applying, and paying for this Advertisement. 3w
Commonwealth of Kentucky. Fleming County, Court of Quarter Sessions.
Alexander Stewart, vs. Ebenezer Scroggs. In Detinue.
NOTICE is hereby given, that I shall attend with commissioners, under a dedimus from said court, on the twentieth day of February next ensuing, at the house of Michael Woods sen. in Washington county, in the state of Tennessee, between the hours of 9 o'clock a. m. and 4 o'clock p. m. to take the deposition and examination upon oath, of James Stewart, to be read in evidence, in the above cause—where those whom it may concern may likewise attend.
Ebenezer Scroggs. January 26, 1802. 14w
NOTICE—That I shall attend the commissioners appointed by the county court of Hardin, on the 13th of February next, at Samuel Finley's in said county—from thence proceed to the beginning of a survey of five hundred and fifty acres of land, made in the name of Matthew Patton, and thence to take the depositions of witnesses, to perpetuate their testimony; and do such other acts, as may be deemed necessary. Roger Patton. 13p January 25, 1802.
Taken up by the subscriber in Fleming county, a bay mare, a blaze in her face, the right hind foot white; no brand to be seen; with a new bell, and leather strap, tied on with a whang; with a white ring round each ear, about fifteen years old, and about fourteen hands high: appraised to twenty-one dollars. James Alexander. October 27, 1801.
TEN DOLLARS REWARD.
DESERTED from Cynthiana, about the thirteenth of December, JAMES CHURCH, A soldier in the Infantry of the United States, who had been on furlough, and was arrested for debt in Harrison county, from whence he made his escape. He was born in the state of Pennsylvania, in Chester county, is six feet high, fair complexion, gray eyes, brown hair, thirty five years old, dressed in Regimentals. Whoever apprehends said deserter, and delivers him to me, in Lexington; or secures him in any jail within the United States, shall receive the above reward. Samuel Clinton, Lieut. 1st U. S. Regt. Lexington, January 25, 1802.
NOTICE,
I SHALL attend on Thursday the fourth day of March next with commissioners appointed by the county court of Clark county, on the waters of Stoner's Fork of Licking, about two miles from Brantley's lick, to take depositions to establish the beginning corners, two buckeyes and a walnut, of James Ware, 1500 acres, Daniel Morgan, two entries of 2000 acres each, John Abney's 1000 acres, and Francis Alhs, of 700 acres; entries made in the year 1789, and to do such other acts as I may think necessary and according to law. James Ware. 11th Jan. 1802.
NOTICE.
I SHALL attend on the second day of March next, with commissioners appointed by the county court of Montgomery county, on Hinkleton's fork, about half a mile below where the road leading from Winchester, to Flat creek, crosses said fork, to take the depositions to establish the calls and boundaries of the following entry, "July the 4th, 1789, Benjamin Abney, assignee of Thomas Marshall, enters 500 acres upon part of a T. W. for 1000 acres, on the North fork of the South fork of Licking creek, beginning on a marked line 100 poles Westward of the said creek, then East along the said line 200 poles, then up the creek on both sides for quantity, to include an improvement," also, do such other things as I may think necessary, and according to law. Benjamin Abney. January 11th, 1802.
THE SUBSCRIBER intending to part for a fresh supply of FURR on the first of February; requests all those indebted to him to make payment before that time. He hopes the urgency of the occasion will be a sufficient apology for his making the request—and flatters himself that no disappointment will take place in consequence of the indulgence hitherto given. JOHN LOWRY. January 5, 1802.
NOTICE.
I SHALL attend on the 2d Monday in March next, with commissioners appointed by the county court of Clarke, at an improvement Westward of Morgan's cabin, and near to Capt. Cornelius Skinner's, to take depositions to establish the calls and boundaries of an entry of 1000 acres, entered in the name of William Kennedy, on the 20th day of December, 1782, which entry calls to include a small improvement, and near a line run for the Ohio Company, in 1775, also, a sinking spring, and to do such other things as by law required. Wm. Sudduth, Atty. in fact for the heirs of Wm. Kennedy, dec. January 11th, 1802.
NOTICE.
I SHALL attend with commissioners appointed by the county court of Montgomery county, on the 6th day of March next, on a branch of Summerfield, near a place known by the name of Soverns's lick, to take the depositions to establish the calls & boundaries of a pre-emption, granted to Benjamin Abney, assignee of Elias Tolin, (generally known by the name of Tolin's pre-emption) and to do such other things as I may think proper and according to law. Frederick Couchman. January 11th, 1802.
THE SUBSCRIBER
WISHES to inform the public in general, and his friends in particular, that he continues to keep
KEEL BOATS,
at Limestone, in order for taking loading or passengers, up the Ohio, to Wheeling or Pittsburg; and will store any loading sent on for him to carry gratis; being furnished with a good house that he keeps for that purpose; by the public's most humble servant, William Byers, living at Mayville. January 8th, 1802. 1m.
ALL those indebted to the subscriber, either by bond, note or book account, are most earnestly requested to come forward and make payment before the first day of March next, at which time he expects to start for Philadelphia—Those who do not avail themselves of this notice, may undoubtedly expect their accounts will be put into the hands of proper officers for collection.
He also wants to purchase a quantity of merchantable WHISKEY, delivered at Frankfort, or Scott's warehouse, on the Kentucky River, for which CASH and MERCHANDIZE will be given. WILLIAM LEAVY. tf
THIRTY DOLLARS REWARD.
AN AWAY from the subscriber, living two miles west of Versailles, Woodford county, in the month of March last, a Negro man BEN, twenty-five years old, about 5 feet 8 inches high, straight and trim made, has a fore tooth, he has a naked place on the back part of his head, caused by a burn when young, he takes great pains in straining his hair into a queue which is longer than common among his colour—Of a yellow complexion and pleasant countenance, apt to smile when spoken to. I expect he will endeavor to pass for a freeman and may have with him a forged pass for that purpose. I will give the above reward if taken out of the state; twenty dollars if taken within the state, and reasonable charges if brought home; or ten dollars if secured in any jail, so that I get him, and speedy information sent to the Editor of THE KENTUCKY GAZETTE. Henry Caldwell. Jan. 13th, 1802. 3w
THE partnership of BLEDSOE & BAYLOR,
is dissolved by mutual consent, all those who are indebted to the said firm, are requested to call on Walker Baylor and pay off their respective balances—who has lately returned from Baltimore with a general assortment of GOODS, amongst which are
LOAF & MUSCOVADO Sugars of a superior quality, BEST GREEN COFFEE; CHOCOLATE & TEAS; MALAGA, TENERIFF, OLD
PORT, SHERRY & MADEIRA WINES. FIRST & SECOND QUALITY FRENCH BRANDY.
PEPPER, PIMENTO, ALLUM, COPERAS & MADDEN. QUEENS WARE assorted HARD WARE & CUTLERY assorted.
He has also on hand, a quantity of Mann's Lick SALT, of a superior quality two years old. N. B. Country merchants and others may be supplied with any article in the above line on the most moderate terms for CASH.
Wanted Immediately, Two or Three JOURNEYMEN COOPERS, To whom good wages will be given—Also
Two or Three APPRENTICES To the above business. A generous price will be given for
Eight or Ten Thousand STAVES; And the payment made on the delivery. For particulars apply at my shop, at the lower end of Main street, Lexington. William Dorsey. Dec. 7, 1801.
THOMAS REID,
Copper and Tin Smith, INFORMS his friends and the public, that he has removed his shop from opposite Mr. Bradford's printing office, to the house formerly occupied by Mr. Ch. Humphreys, next door above Mr. Wm. Morton's, and nearly opposite Mr. Brent's tavern, where he continues to carry on his business as usual.
He will take two or three apprentices to the above business. tf
HOG'S LARD, BUTTER & CHEESE,
Will be bought, for which CASH & MERCHANDIZE will be given, if delivered in quantities, in all February next, at the Store of MACBEAN & POYZER. Lexington, Jan. 21, 1802.
FOR SALE—ON CREDIT,
10,000lb of BACON, chiefly Joints, 20,000lb of TOBACCO, 1,000 gallons of BRANDY, 2,000 ditto WHISKEY. GREEN CLAY. Jan. 20, 1802. eotf
JAMES MACCOUN,
Has just received from Philadelphia, a large and well chosen assortment of MERCHANDIZE, Of the latest importations from Europe, AND now opening at his Store on Main street, nearly opposite the Market house, which will be sold at the LOWEST PRICES for CASH. Also, from his
Nail Manufactory, A constant supply of Cut and Hammered NAILS, of the best quality. Lexington, January 18, 1802.
Woodford County, to wit.
November court of Quarter Sessions, 1801. John Christopher, Complainant, Against Edmund Vaguhann & Wm. Warren, Defendants, IN CHANCERY. The defendant Vaughan, not having entered his appearance herein agreeably to the rules of this court, and it appearing to the satisfaction of the court, that he is not an inhabitant of this state—on the motion of the complainant, by his counsel, it is ordered that the said defendant, Vaughan, do appear here, on the first Monday in March next, and answer the complainant's bill, otherwise it will be taken pro confesso—that a copy of this order be forthwith inserted in the Kentucky Gazette, for two months successively, and published each Sunday immediately after Divine service, at the door of Hillsborough meeting house, and another copy posted up at the door of the court house of this county. Given under my hand this 16th day of January, 1802. Teste EDMUND SEARCY, D.C. w.c.
Bourbon county, set.
Taken up by Benjamin Hailey, in the name of Rebecca Galloway, (her tenant) one mile from Paris, a dark bay HORSE, with a star in his forehead and snip on his nose, three feet white, branded on the near side, shoulder and buttock with Cee; appraised to 161. Nov. 9, 1801. A copy. Teste THO. ARNOLD, C.B.C.
NOTICE.
The Board of Trustees for the town of Lexington, will hear appeals from those who think their property too high assessed, on Wednesday the third day of February next, at 4 o'clock P.M. at Capt. Marshall's tavern. By order of the board. JOHN ARTHUR, C. January 20, 1802.
TO BE RENTED,
For one, 1800 or three years, JNO. FINLEY. Jan. 16, 1802. 3w
THE PLANTATION whereon the subscriber lives at the Upper Blue Lick—there is a two story log house, and several other buildings on the premises; also about 25 acres of cleared and, part of which is meadow—a peach orchard of about 100 bearing trees—a good horse mill and ferry will be leased with the house and land. The Eand is as good as any in the state, for a House of Entertainment—The virtue of the Lick Water, in removing diseases incident to the human frame, renders it highly valuable to any person who will keep tavern and a boarding house. Any person wishing to rent the above, may know the terms by applying to the subscriber, living on the premises—Possession will be given the first of April next. Jan. 16, 1802. 3w JNO. FINLEY.
Bourbon County, set.
Taken up by Major Samuel Catright, on Johnston's fork,
A DARK BAY HORSE,
3 years old, about 13 hands high, no brand, blind feet white, blaze face, shod before, trots naturally; appraised to 61. August 3, 1801. (A copy.) Thos. Arnold, C.B.C.
Taken up by the subscriber, living a-
bout one mile from Horine's mill, on Shawanee run, Mercer county, a bay FILLEY, about 13 hands high, branded on the near shoulder thus B, has a small star in her forehead; appraised to 91. John Kelly. August 24, 1801.
FLOUR For Sale.
I wish to sell a quantity of FLOUR, To be delivered (at Mr. Craigs rope walk, a little above Frankfort,) in the months of January, February, March and April; the Flour will be of a superior quality to what is generally made in this state, as it will all be manufactured at my own mills, there are several hundred barrels now at the landing. A credit will be given the purchasers until the first of July next, by giving bond with approved security.—I have BOATS to ship the flour, which will be sold with it. Thomas Lewis. Lexington, January 20, 1802. tf
CHEAP GOODS.
Saml. & Geo. Trotter, Have just received from Philadelphia, And are now opening at their STORE, on Main street, LEXINGTON, An Extensive Assortment of MERCHANDIZE, Consisting of
DRY GOODS, HARD-WARE, GROCERIES, CHINA, GLASS, QUEENS' & TIN WARES, ANVILS, STEEL, NAILS, &c. &c.
Amongst which, we have just opened a great variety of Fine and Coarse CLOTHS and CASSIMERS, FLANNELS, COATINGS, BLANKETS, &c.
IRISH LINENS, CHINTZES & GALLICOES, INDIA MUSLINS, BRITISH, PLAIN, JACONET, TAMBORED & LAPPET ditto, SCARLET CLOAKS, WOOL & COTTON CARDS, TURKEY COTTON, A general assortment of SADDLERY, RIPPON'S, WATT'S & WESTLEY'S HYMN-BOOKS, SCHOOL BOOKS, &c. &c.
IMPERIAL, HYSON, YOUNG HYSON, GREEN, SOUSCHONG, & BOHEA
COFFEE, & CHOCOLATE, LOAF SUGAR & INDIGO. Having bought a considerable share of the present importation at Vendue, purchasers may depend on receiving greater BARGAINS than any hitherto sold in this state.
*** No credit can be given, on any conditions whatever. Lexington, Dec. 3.
For Sale at this Office,
THE POCKET ALMANAC,
For the Year 1802; Containing (besides other matter common to Almanacs) a correct list of the different court days, both superior and inferior, as established by a law of the last legislature.
BLANK DEEDS.

SACRED TO THE MUSES.
ORIGINAL.
APOSTROPHE TO SLANDER.
Curst be the man who reads my honest fame, And robs from Innocence, a guileless name— May dull oblivion o'er his fate preide— Spread its dark wings, wrap him in its tide— May foul remorse, like hungry Vultures prey On the pale wretch, and bare his soul away— May no kind Seraph, whisper future joy; But rebel Conscience, ev'ry hope destroy— May rigid Justice to his crime be given, And blot his mem'ry from the light of Heaven. Nor hungry Tigers, on the Afic shore, Hyenas fell, or fierce Hyrcanean Boar; Nor gen'rous Lion, roaming thro' the wood, I spell'd by nature's laws to seek their food, Not half so cruel when they seize their prey, And tear with reeking jaws their limbs away. But Man, more blameless needlessly, and more wise— With Reason's image beaming in his eyes; Who thinks, who acts, whom nobler views control— With all the virtues working in the soul, Ruthless and Savage, with malignant tongue Makes prey of Innocence; delights in wrongs.
ALL persons are hereby cautioned against taking an assignment on a note of hand, given by me to Peter Kern, for the payment of ninety-one Dollars and an half, dated the 26th of November 1801, and payable nine months after date; as I am determined not to pay the amount of said note, unless compelled by law.
January 9th, 1802. David Negley.
LINCOLN COUNTY, ss.
September Court of Quarter Sessions, 1801.
IT being suggested to the court, that the real estate of Molly Myers deceased, when divided amongst her representatives, will not exceed the value of thirty pounds and it also being suggested by Gideon Bolly, that he has purchased the interest of four of the representatives, and is defined of the sale of said estate: On the motion of the said Gideon Bolly, it is ordered, that a summons issue against Lewis Myers, to Garrard county, as one of the representatives and heirs of the said Molly Myers: against Jacob Beam and Mary his wife, to Bullit county, against Jacob Myers, Abraham Bolly and Rebeckah his wife, Michael Myers and David Myers, to Lincoln, as heirs of said Molly Myers, to appear here on the first day of the next February term of this court, to shew cause why the said land should not be sold, and the money arising therefrom, divided amongst the different representatives.
And it being suggested to the court, that Jacob Catfeter and Elizabeth his wife, and Benjamin Myers, heirs of said Molly Myers, are not inhabitants of this state; it is ordered that a copy of this order be inserted in the Kentucky Gazette for eight weeks successively, commanding them to appear here on the first day of the next February term of this court, to shew cause why the said land should not be sold, and the money arising from the sale distributed among the different representatives according to law.
A Copy: Witness THOS. MONTGOMERY, D. C. L. C. Q. S.
NOTICE.
HAVING removed my family to a farm in the neighborhood of Lexington, and intending still to do my business in town, I think it necessary to inform my clients that except during the sessions of the Court of Appeals, General Court, and Circuit Court of the United States for Kentucky and the Territories North-West of the Ohio, I shall attend at my office, in Lexington, every day, from nine o'clock in the morning, until one in the afternoon, at which time and place, all who have business with me must attend.
Lexington, September 11th, 1801. J. HUGHES.
FOR SALE.
THE Property lately occupied in this town, by Mr. Arthur Thompson, and at present by Mr. Dullum, consisting of Two New Two Story FRAME HOUSES, Neatly finished, large and convenient Cellars, a large frame Stable and Kitchen, good Smoke-House, and Three Lots belonging to the above premises. Also two hundred acres of GOOD QUALIFIED LAND, lying on the head of Salt River, about seven miles from this town; the title clear of every kind of dispute; the Land is well watered, but entirely unimproved. A liberal credit will be given for the payment, and the whole amount will be received in Produce. The terms will be made known by application to Messrs. Cochrane & Thurby, merchants, of Philadelphia, or the subscriber, in Danville.
Danville, 9th February, 1801. J. BIRNEY.
FOUR DOLLARS REWARD.
STRAYED from the subscriber, on the thirty first of October a likely BLACK MARE, upwards of sixteen hands high, well made, and in good order, with a large Star in her forehead, no brand known. Whoever will deliver said mare to the subscriber in Lexington, shall receive the above reward.
Nov. 13 1801. GEO. TEGARDEN.
JUST RECEIVED
AND FOR SALE At the Store of W. BAYLOR, Lexington, A quantity of RED CLOVER SEED, Warranted good. December 22, 1801.
GREAT BARGAINS.
Will be sold by the Subscriber, and for a greater part, Extensive Credits will be given, in annual payments, the purchaser giving good bond and security; The following PROPERTY I will sell, from this day forward, (to wit:)
VALUABLE BUILDINGS, and the Lots of ground they are on, in Paris—they begin at the Main Corner street facing the Court house, and running parallel with the public ground one hundred feet—
The first a large two story frame building, in which there is a large well finished store house and counting room, both large fire places of brick; the other part well calculated for a tavern, six well finished rooms plastered, and four large fire places; another room, thirty-six feet by twenty, and two fire places, and within five feet of the back room door, a brick lodging room, and a kitchen adjoining—The balance of the building of brick, two stories high; with four houses, twenty feet square, rented out to different families; convenient to those are two small kitchens—there is a stable and small garden for the use of the large building. I have also nine acres of out lots in excellent order for cultivation—Those buildings were first valued by a number of workmen at eight thousand dollars; and several useful additions have been made to them since—I will now give them extremely low, and give them clear of all encumbrance.
Another property I have in Mason county, one mile and three quarters from Limestone—two valuable overshot mills, in as high credit for manufacturing flour, as any in the state, and are now repairing and almost done, so as to start in complete order when the season for grinding commences, with the best Burr and Alleghany stones, rolling screens &c.—Those mills in the season for grinding, can make forty barrels of flour every day that they are worked; and any person inclining to purchase, can be informed, that the quality of the flour is superior to any that has been boated from Limestone. With those I will sell a valuable negro man, a good miller; the plantation of 140 acres, 100 apple trees, of fruit equal to any in the state, a fine clover and blue grass pasture and meadow, a small dwelling house and farm, with other out houses, cherry and peach orchard—the title indisputable; and I will give it clear of all encumbrance. For this property I have in two years paid nine thousand dollars.
I have also for sale, 700 acres of Military land, fourteen miles from Washington, North West of the Ohio river, with a very promising salt lick, supposed to have salt water, a small trial has been made, and some salt made by a Mr. Sherry.
I have also two small plantations in Bourbon, that I will sell—they are mostly first rate land.
I have patents for lands near Montgomery court house, of the first quality; eight thousand acres, the half of which I will sell at one third its value; the purchaser may have his choice; patented 17 years ago; entries very special.
Also the half of 600 acres of first quality, three miles from Fleming court house; old patents and special entries—on the same terms.
I have also one thousand acres for sale, adjoining lower Mackasee's tract, level, but of inferior quality—for this I will take good horses at 6s per acre; the title undoubted.
I have also for sale about 300 acres, on Cedar creek, of Floyd's fork, with a never failing spring on it; a part rich land, and a part indifferent, within six miles of Mann's lick; this has excellent range and timber—for this I will take good salt at 12s per acre, if cash 9s per acre.
I have also for sale, six hundred acres, patented land, on Clover lick, eight miles from the Crab orchard—this I will take 3s per acre for in cash, or 4s 6d in horses. If it will be an accommodation to those who may incline to purchase the mills, I will give in an excellent house woman, now living in Lexington.
I will also sell a good stock of hogs cattle, mares and colts, with the mills.
I will give such excellent bargains in all, or any of the aforesaid property, that any person inclining to purchase, may be well accommodated. The mills I will deliver up the tenth of March next, or if sooner required, on a little more advance, they shall be given up.
Money, good Merchandise Negroes, and Horses, will be taken by instalments, as will best suit the purchaser.
Application to my son John Edwards, jun. in Bourbon, or to Mr. David S. Brodrick, in Washington, or Mr. Enoch Smith, near Montgomery court house, or James Brown esq. in Lexington, for information and contracts with respect to
the property, or to the subscriber, either in Bourbon or Washington, may be made. Any of my creditors choosing to purchase, shall have on the lowest terms, as I am determined to sell.
I will sell 1000 barrels of flour, all to be delivered before the 15th of March next. And,
I have also one other plantation for sale, near Warwick, 233 acres cleared, and the title secure.
Any person purchasing the mills I will furnish with wheat at cash price, and will, if employed, engage to clear them in the sales of flour &c. this season, 2500 or 3000 dollars.
JOHN EDWARDS, Sen. 14th September, 1801. *5dtf
FOR SALE, TWO STILLS & A BOILER,
MADE of Copper, of superior quality. The terms will be made easy to the purchaser, and likely young Horses taken in payment. For further particulars application may be made to the EDITOR of this Paper. November 4, 1801.
FORTY DOLLARS REWARD.
STRAYED from the subscriber's plantation in Shelby county in December last a BAY MARE, fifteen hands high, well made, six years old last spring, has four white feet, a blaze in her face, paces trots and canters, branded W W on the near shoulder and but tock, was with foal, when she went away.—Also, a BROWN HORSE, with a bob-tail, fourteen hands high, well made, seven or eight years old, trots and gallops, I do not recollect whether the horse was branded or not.—Whoever will deliver said mare and horse to Dock W. Warfield in Fayette county, or to me in Shelby county, shall receive twenty dollars for each.
Nov. 1801. JOHN POPE. wwt tf.
Trotter & Scott, HAVE just received, and now opening for sale, at their Store, in Lexington, a complete assortment of
40 MERCHANDIZE, Well suited to the present and approaching seasons, consisting of Dry Goods Groceries, Queens and Glass Ware, Bar-Iron, Steel, Imported Callings, Nails, Window-Glass, Boulting-Cloths, suited for Merchant or Country Work—likewise a supply of Mann's Lick Salt, all of which will be sold at their usual low prices for Cash.
Lexington, April 10, 1801.
LOST
BY the subscriber, on the first or second day of this month, a BOND on James Ratledge to William Hill, of Sixty pounds, with several other Papers—said bond has been several times endorsed from one to another. Any person delivering said bond and other papers to me, shall have FIVE DOLLARS reward.
Thomas Tudor. Fayette, Grave run, near Morrison's mill, November 4th, 1801. J.M.R.
FOR SALE. AT A TANYARD,
WITH a small flock and materials for carrying it on; with about thirty or forty acres of land, twelve acres cleared, lying in Woodford county, ten miles from the court house, eighteen from Lexington, and about a mile and a quarter from the Kentucky river, within half a mile of Fromans iron works, grist-mill and saw-mill; there is a good waggon road from thence to the river; there is eight vats, lime &c. with a good mill-house, two good cabbins, and a never failing spring, with a fall of about 20 feet; the situation for convenience of water, and bark, is superior to any I have seen in the state, those inclining to purchase will please apply to me on the premises, or to David or Thomas Reid, Lexington.
WILLIAM REID.
DAVID REID,
SADDLER,
RESPECTFULLY informs the public, that he has removed his shop from the corner of Main and Cross streets, to the house formerly occupied by Mr. J. Pew, opposite the Presbyterian meeting house, where he now lives, and intends carrying on his business as usual, he flatters himself from his unremitting attention to business, and the opportunity he has had for acquiring a general knowledge of it, still to hold the favor of the public esteem.
Lexington, Feb. 16th. 1800. N. B. An Apprentice wanted. D. R.
WILLIAM VOORHIES & Co.
SADDLERS, & CAP & HARNESS MAKERS,
RESPECTFULLY inform their friends and the public in general, that they have commenced business in Mr. William Ross's brick house, on Short street, near the Presbyterian meeting house, Lexington; where they will be happy to receive orders for anything in the above lines, which shall be punctually attended to. They hope from their attention to business and moderate charges, to merit a part of the public favors. Jan. 14, 1802.
NOTICE.
PUBLIC ENTERTAINMENT.
Will be kept at the SIGN OF THE BUFFALOE, On Main street, in Lexington, opposite the Public square.
PROPOSALS,
For carrying the MAILS of the United States on the following Post roads, will be received at the General Post Office, in Washington City, until the 30th day of January next inclusive.
IN KENTUCKY.
From Orrville, T. by Powell's valley, T. Richmond and Jessamine C. H. to Lexington once a week—Leave Orrville every Friday at 2 P. M. arrive at Richmond the next Monday by noon, and at Lexington by 6 P. M. Returning—Leave Lexington every Tuesday by 6 A. M. arrive at Richmond by noon, and at Orrville, T. the next Friday by 10 A. M.
NOTES.
Note 1. The postmaster General may expedite the mails and alter the times of arrival and departure at any time during the continuance of the contracts, he previously stipulating an adequate compensation for any extra expense that may be occasioned thereby. Note 2. Fifteen minutes shall be allowed for opening and closing the mail at all offices where no particular time is specified.
Note 3. For every thirty minutes delay (unavoidable accidents excepted) in arriving after the times prescribed in any contracts, the contractor shall forfeit one dollar; and if the delay continue until the departure of any depending mail, whereby the mails destined for such depending mail lose a trip, an additional forfeiture of five dollars shall be incurred.
Note 4. Newspapers as well as letters are to be sent in the mails: and if any person, making proposals desires to carry newspapers other than those conveyed in the mail for his own emolument, he must state in his proposals, for what sum he will carry it with that emolument and for what sum without that emolument.
Note 5. Should any person making proposals, desire an alteration of the times of arrival and departure above specified, he must state in his proposals the alteration desired, and the difference they will make in the terms of his contract.
Note 6. Persons making proposals are desired to state their prices by the year, those who contract will receive their pay quarterly, in the month of August November, February and May, one month after the expiration of each quarter.
Note 7. The contracts for the above routes are to be in operation on the first day of April next, and to continue in force for one year from that time, excepting such routes as have a particular note respecting the continuance of the contract.
GIDEON GRANGER. Post-Master General.
General Post Office, Washington City, Dec. 7, 1801. 6m.
STATE OF KENTUCKY.
Washington District ss. Robert B. Morton, complainant, Against William Wood, Elizabeth Fox, Mary Fox, Arthur Fox, and Matilda Fox, heirs and representatives of Arthur Fox, deceased, IN CHANCERY.
It appearing to the satisfaction of the court, that the defendant William Wood is not an inhabitant of this commonwealth, and he not having entered his appearance agreeably to law, and the rules of this court—on the motion of the complainant, by Jesse Bledsoe his attorney; it is ordered, that he appear here on the third day of the next court, and answer the complainant's bill—and that a copy of this order be published for two months successively in the Kentucky Gazette; another posted at the door of the court house of Mason county—and that this order be published some Sunday immediately after Divine service, at the door of the Baptist meeting house in Washington.
(A copy.) Teste Francis Taylor, C.W.D.C.
THE FOLLOWING TRACTS OF
LAND
FOR SALE:
1000 acres on the Kentucky, in Madison county. 400 in ditto, waters of Otter creek. 5000 on the Ohio river, opposite Little Miami river. 400 on Severn's Valley creek. Good titles will be made to purchasers. For terms apply to the subscriber in Madison county, on Otter creek.
JOHN HALLEY.
Sept. 22, 1801. tf
FOR SALE,
A Tract of LAND,
OF about 1200 Acres, on Licking, six miles from the Ohio—it is Good Farming Land, and will be sold together, or divided into smaller tracts, to suit the purchaser.—The terms will be low for CASH and TOBACCO.—Apply to
Geo. Poyzer.
Lexington, Jan. 17th 1801. tf
I will either Sell or Rent, my
HOUSES & LOTS
In town, reserving a small piece in front of Mr. Reed's (the chair maker) shop, for an Office. If I do not sell, I would make an allowance to any one who would rent for a term of years, for repairs and improvements.
J. HUGHES.
NOTICE.
THE subscriber intending to start to Baltimore on the first of March, will be particularly thankful to his customers, to come forward and pay off their respective balances.—I shall dispense with the custom of threatening with suits, knowing all that is necessary, is to give them notice of his departure.
Walker Baylor.
Lexington, January 9th, 1802. tim