The Providence journal, and town and country advertiser (Providence [R.I.]), 1800-02-05 00:00:00

Town, State & Brown
The Providence Journal AND TOWN AND COUNTRY ADVERTISER.
Published on WEDNESDAYS, by JOHN CARTER, JUN. Printer of the LAWS of the UNITED STATES for the State of RHODE-ISLAND, &c. At the NEW PRINTING-OFFICE, West Side of the great Bridge, PROVIDENCE.
[ No. 58. ]
WEDNESDAY, February 5, 1800.
[ Vol. II. ]
Congressional Debate.
WEDNESDAY, January 8.
MR. BAYARD'S SPEECH.
On Mr. Nicholson's motion for the reduction of the STANDING ARMY.
THE House having resolved itself into a committee of the whole, Mr. Morris in the chair.  Mr. BAYARD said, he felt much embarrassment in rising to speak in support of positions which had already been so ably and so eloquently maintained by the honourable gentleman from Virginia (Mr. Marshall). He could not flatter himself with the expectation of throwing much light on a subject which had been illustrated by him. But the subject was of such magnitude and interest, that it was important to contemplate it in every point of view.
He was not surprised that such a resolution as the one under consideration, even at the present crisis, should have been brought forward by the honourable gentleman who moved it. He could perceive in it a connection with a system which had long been pursued by a party in the United States—a system which had for its object the debility and degradation of the general government. A knowledge of the party, and a knowledge of their views, prevented any astonishment at the present measure they proposed.
This measure he did not regard as a single operation. It was part of a general plan, which, if it were successful, would soon be unfolded.
The conduct of France in relation to this country had compelled the United States to adopt a system of defence. The nation had found that no reliance could be placed on the moderation or justice of the French government. Their own energies were the only ground on which their independence could be maintained. They did not hesitate as to the alternative of defence or submission. Having resolved to resist the aggressions and pretensions of the French government, they found themselves forced into a state of hostility. The commercial intercourse with France was suspended, the treaty of alliance was abolished, a navy was created, for the protection of trade, and an army ordered to be raised. Our ships of war were instructed to seize and destroy the armed ships of the French Republic, and a war, though deprecated, was expected without dread. The national sentiment coincided with the temper of the government, and its measures were approved and applauded. The system which was adopted was connected in its parts, and the objection which went to one part applied with equal force to the whole. The naval hostilities authorized against France, rendered an army necessary against invasion from Europe, or the islands, which might reasonably be expected.
If gentlemen now said an army was not necessary, it must be because they thought the French government was not hostile, but friendly. If they thought that government was friendly, surely there could be no occasion for the navy. The same reason would induce us to revive the treaty with France, and open the commercial intercourse.
Sir, said Mr. B. before we undertake to change the entire plan which we have pursued, and which certainly has been productive of salutary effects, gentlemen will well consider what condition of the country induced that plan; whether that condition is altered: they would reflect upon the operation which the change might have upon our affairs abroad, and on its probable effects at home.
He should not enter into a recapitulation of the various complaints and recriminations which had occurred between the two countries. It was sufficient to observe that the government of the United States, actuated by a love of peace and a motive of amity, early sent a minister to France, to conciliate the differences which had arisen. This minister was not simply rejected, but repelled with circumstances of marked disdain and contumely, designed not as a personal, but as a national affront. The moderation of the government, and the forbearance of the people, passed over in silence this gross violation of the respect and justice which was due to them.
Still wishing for peace, and anxiously desirous to avoid engaging in the contentions of Europe, a new embassy was sent to France, composed of citizens the most illustrious for their talents and probity. We all know the fate of this embassy. The olive-branch which was presented, was disdainfully trampled under foot. Our ministers were not received. A miserable pecuniary intrigue was set on foot, which unveiled the corruption and the hypocrisy of the French administration, and remained a lasting monument of the disgraceful views and designs of the government. When these rejected ministers of peace returned, what was our situation? The American people perceived that their government had sincerely and zealously endeavoured to preserve the relations of amity with France. They saw that peace could not be maintained without a surrender of their independence. The alternative was war or tribute. The people were then roused from their lethargy. The national pulse beat high, and from one end of
the union to the other, the sentiment was exclaimed and reiterated, "millions for defence, but not a cent for tribute." He trusted this was not the ephemeral spirit of a moment. He trusted that the American people, though slow to anger, would be found firm to their purpose. At this moment the temper of the country forced the government to measures of defence. The government, faithful to the interests and will of the people, assumed the attitude of resistance. They severed the connection with France, and prepared to defend themselves on the ocean and on land. This state of things they had not chosen, but it had been imposed upon them.
They had been fully sensible of the burthens and sufferings of war. But the election of peace no longer remained upon terms compatible with the independence of the country. This state of things gave birth to the measures of the last Congress; those measures had been adopted not from choice, but from necessity.
If the state of things justified the measures which were adopted in 1798, before gentlemen consented to abandon the system then taken up, they would certainly enquire whether any thing had occurred which changed the situation of the country. To me, said Mr. B. the same views present themselves: nay, the causes of apprehension have increased. To the complaints which France had in 1798, we have added a course of hostilities since that time—we are now in actual war—we have every thing to dread which the vengeance and power of the great nation can inflict. Have we any thing to hope from their moderation and justice? To them we have already appealed in vain. A new effort to negotiate has been made; hostilities, however, continue; and the event of the mission is utterly uncertain. We have then the same reason to maintain the army which we had to raise it. Consistency will oblige every gentleman to vote for its continuance who voted for its creation. He had no doubt that the people of the United States, perceiving the necessity of our situation, would cheerfully submit to the burthens. A burthen, great as it might be, not in heavy or calamitous as bondage to a foreign power.
But, said Mr. B. some gentlemen affect to believe that in no event an army could be necessary. They conceive, in the first place, that an invasion of the country is impracticable by France; and in the second, that if an invasion happened, the patriotism of our citizens furnishes alone sufficient means of defence.
He was not of opinion that invasion was impracticable. What rendered it impracticable? Did France want men? no nation was more populous; nor could any nation furnish more soldiers in proportion to her population. Did she want ships? we are informed that she still possessed a considerable navy of her own; and, in addition, could dispose of the maritime force of her august ally, the King of Spain. The combined fleets was certainly competent to the end. Was the project too hazardous or chimerical? Look at the expedition to Egypt;—the distance to the United States was greater, but the voyage once begun; all difficulties were surmounted. Did we rely on her friendship and moderation? on this subject we had lessons of our own, and they were confirmed by the invasion of Egypt. Egypt was a dependence of the Porte. The Porte, at the time of the invasion, was the ally of France, and was her natural and ancient ally. France had not a complaint against the Turkish government, and notwithstanding, in breach of the law of nations, and in violation of every principle of justice, invaded the Turkish dominions. This invasion furnishes memorable proof of the darkness of her intrigues, and the perfidy of her assurances. It was not till Buonaparte was landing in Egypt, that the Turkish government suspected the hostile designs of France; and when in Egypt you find the French general as good a muselman as here he would be a christian—Nothing, he said, could be expected from the moderation of a government which had uniformly shown itself the most ambitious, the most rapacious, and the most unprincipled of any that ever ruled.
But we are told that in case of invasion, an army was not necessary, because we might rely on the patriotism of the nation. Sir, said Mr. B. I am not insensible to the melody of the word, but I must doubt of the efficacy of the thing. There was a time when every body understood what was meant by patriotism: it indicated an attachment to our country. But a modern patriot was a character not so well understood. Patriotism had become a furious spirit of revolution, the ties of blood, the inspirations of nature, the principles of truth and honour, are consumed by the devouring flame. The natal soilless had lost its charm. To be a patriot you must forget your country, abjure your religion, suppress the impulses of nature, and maintain the equality of vice and virtue. He knew there were a set of patriots who attributed to themselves exclusive merit. Was it on those patriots the country was to rely in case of invasion?
It was necessary to develop their principles before they could be entitled to confidence. Their object might be beyond his view, but their
operations inspired distrust. We see, said he, every means employed to separate the government and the people. Art, intrigue and falsehood are indiscriminately made use of, to create an opinion that the friends of the government are at the establishment of monarchy.
He did not suppose that those who gave currency to the idea believed in the fact. The evil was extensive and increasing. The attempts to establish the opinion to which he alluded were not confined to a few miserable editors, whose bread depended on defamation and calumny, but ambition; and party had laid hold of the same instrument to accomplish their purposes. The opinion had been declared by men of high character; we had seen it in official addresses and official answers, and the ebullitions of conviction were proof of the impressions it had made. Sir, said Mr. B. I know the fact is otherwise. The friends of government are devoted to its configuration. They wish to maintain it on just principles. They have resisted the insidious attempts to weaken and destroy it, made under the deceitful pretence of love of liberty, and attachment to the rights of the people.
The design to establish monarchy, attributed to the friends of government, he considered as a most malignant and dangerous calumny. Unfounded as it was by any facts; or even the expressions of opinion, yet there were many who were weak enough to believe it. He thought, in this country, a more fatal poison could not have been infused into the public mind. The body of the people were attached to a republican form of government. He had no doubt that to maintain this form of government, they would sacrifice every other consideration. When they are brought to suppose that those who administer the government aim at the establishment of monarchy, they will be ripe for insurrection, or ready to join an invading army.
He could not imagine that the delusion on this subject reached to any alarming extent. He believed a great majority of the people were attached to their government, and had full confidence in its rectitude. But there were, no doubt, some weak and credulous enough to believe the slanders which the enemies of the government had propagated. The patriotism of these few would not be shewn in attachment to the country, but in a furious opposition to those whom they have been taught to think were enemies to liberty and equality.
Sir, said he, let the French come with the cap of liberty mounted to their standards, singing ca ira , planting liberty poles, and denouncing the government as an aristocratical and British faction, and I fear you would see some patriots forgetting their country, and under the ardent impression of their political fanaticism, ready to imbue their hands in their brothers' blood. Revolution was not confined to politics—religion and morals were revolutionized. The sacred love of country, once ranked amongst the best principles of man's nature, was now sacrificed to the very sound of equality.
These sentiments were not declamation—they were drawn from what had actually happened. The example of Holland was before us. No nation had ever struggled with more fierceness and obstinacy to establish their independence. The people of no nation had been more celebrated for their patriotism. And yet, within the compass of a few years, we had seen that spirit yielding to a new passion, which had involved the country in slavery and wretchedness. For a few empty sounds they had bartered the independence of their country.
The patriots united with the invaders, and as soon as they were told that they were all free and equal, surrendered their government and treasures to France. They are punished beyond the desert of folly. An army of 25,000 plunderers is established in their bosom, and the volu-tures will not be satisfied while there is any thing to devour. They have now the equality of slaves, and the liberty of singing the songs and playing with the baubles which France has given in exchange for the right of governing them with the bayonet.
Mr. B. said he would turn his eyes to a picture still more melancholy than that of Holland. He alluded to Switzerland. The people of these cantons were illustrious for their love of liberty and their devotion to their country. Liberty they had, and with it all the blessings which good government could bestow. They did not escape however the poison of the French mania. The storm of the revolution reached them, and Switzerland has been effaced from the list of independent nations. Still brave, still attached to their country, yet seduced by the flattery and false promises of their invaders, instead of uniting in a common defence, they divided among themselves, and thus fell an easy prey.
Cannot these dreadful instances of credulity and delusion open our eyes? Must this country swell the catalogue of national folly and human misery?
He trusted there was a Providence who would protect us. He trusted that a great majority of the people would be preserved from falling into those fatal errors which had proved the ruin of other nations.
He was not disposed to doubt the patriotism of the people. It was not distrust of their patriotism, by providing an army or disciplining soldiers. No one could predict what would be the first impression of an invasion. France was not without emiliaries and some friends in this country. At the moment of invasion, the French partisans would be actively employed to distract the patriotism and paralyze the energy of the country. At this moment it was of vast importance that the government should have some troops to rally the confidence as well as the forces of the nation; no regular army could be contemplated as an adequate defence. But their utility was still great. They were a point which would concentrate the militia, the great reliance of the country.
Sir, said Mr. B. because our military are brave and willing to turn out, in case of invasion, shall we not add to them the aid and support of corps of disciplined troops? Shall they be exposed at once to the bayonets of veteran soldiers inured to fighting?
Without meaning to disparage the militia, he would say that no men could be made soldiers the day they were led into the field. If we designed therefore effectual resistance, it was necessary to have some men at least instructed in discipline before an invasion happened.
But we have been told, Mr. Chairman, said Mr. B. that our pecuniary means are not equal to the support of the army which has been directed to be raised.
The argument on this subject has not been fairly stated by the honourable gentleman who moved the resolution.
We have two events to contemplate, either that a treaty will or will not be concluded with France. If a treaty should be concluded, then by the law raising this army the troops would of course be disbanded. Because they are enlisted to serve during the existence of the difference between France and the United States, unless sooner disbanded.
If a treaty should be concluded, it must be in a short time. The event must be known in a few months, and of consequence, in case of peace, the expence to the country would be only the pay and subsistence of about 3500 (the number already enlisted for the twelve regiments) for two or three months, which could not exceed 200,000 dollars.
If, however, France should still insist on terms destructive of the honour and independence of the nation—if, Sir, nothing should remain but war, will gentlemen say the army ought to be disbanded? It is impossible such can be their insatiation. If France should again refuse us peace, it must be because she has some great hostile intention against us.
The present state of things is prejudicial to her. She gains nothing, and loses something. If she did not mean to do more, if she did not aim at some great advantage, she would readily accede to the moderate terms of accommodation which we ask.
What can she design? A war upon our commerce is not a sufficient object. It would be of advantage to her corsairs, but the government would acquire neither reputation or advantage by it. If France will not make peace, she can design nothing less than conquest. And will we stop to calculate the expence of a war for our liberty and independence? It had been well observed by an honourable gentleman from Virginia, that at the commencement of our late revolution, America did not do so. Destitute of all means of defence, but the energy of public spirit, calculation would have been useless. At this time we had means upon which we might calculate, and he trusted the spirit of the nation still remained. I believe, said Mr. B. that in a war for their independence, the people of these states would submit to any tax which their defence might require. If it were fifty per cent. on their capital, they would rather part with it than with their rights and liberties, which they purchased with so much blood and treasure.
In fact, in the event which he was contemplating, the only question for the people would be, whether they would not spend a part of their fortunes in their defence; rather than yield the whole in endless contributions to France? Upon such a question he presumed there could be no hesitation.
He should detain the committee a short time longer, in offering some observations upon the probable operation of the resolution abroad, in case it were adopted.
Gentlemen in favour of the resolution affect to believe, that its adoption would not influence the negotiation which is pending with France.
None of us have entertained the idea attributed to us by the honourable mover of the resolution, that these troops were to be sent to Europe, or were to act against France. We readily agree that nothing would be more chimerical and absurd.
It is not from any view of a possible operation of the army against France, that the disbanding could influence the negotiation, but from the impression such a measure would necessarily make on the French government as to the state of affairs in this country. If after having raised an army against them, without any change of

conduct on their part, they were to see us disband it, what would they infer? Either that extreme imbecility pervaded our councils, or that there was a want of means on the part of the government to maintain a small military force. Or perhaps they would make an inference still more serious; that those whom they called and supposed their party in this country, had become more powerful than the government.
In either case, they would perceive less difficulty in the accomplishment of any views which they had on the country, than our plans of defence may have caused them to apprehend, and, of consequence, the inducements to an accommodation of differences would be diminished. It was a wise axiom in politics, that a nation which would negotiate to advantage, should be prepared to fight.
The resolution was predicated on an opposite principle, and was repugnant to the plain evidences of experience and common sense.
Mr. B. said the disbanding the army would have the worst effect at home. If the resolution succeeded, the soldiers were disbanded in the midst of winter, were left without employment, and were thrown on the community to subsist by plunder or charity. That if the measure were delayed to that season when common justice would suffer the troops to be disbanded, the event of our mission to France would be known, and the term of enlistments would expire by their own limitation, or the necessity of retaining the troops would be no longer questionable. He begged gentlemen to consider what would be the situation of the country if the army were now disbanded, and at the end of three months France should declare war. Would an officer or soldier return to the service of a government which might be obliged to dismiss them the next day, without any change occurring in their political affairs?
Mr. B. concluded with observing, that viewing the resolution in every point of light in which it presented itself to him, he felt the necessity of giving it his decided negative.
European Intelligence.
By the Halcyon, Capt. Gale, arrived at Boston.
PARIS, November 17.
EVERY one is endeavouring to recollect all the circumstances by which persons might have predicted the revolution which has just taken place. Maturing by Sieyes for a long time, it was, it is said, the constant object of his meditations. When they were presenting to him one day the alarming picture of the effects of the law of hostages, the forced loan, and the penury of the public treasury—"I see," he said to a person near him, "but one mode of saving the state. The execution of it is difficult. I shall perish perhaps—but I will attempt it. For without that remedy, there is neither repose, nor prosperity, nor independence, for the Republic."
Another day he was pressed to check the influence of the Brigands, and the effects of some laws which had been passed. "There is," he said, "one class of men very dangerous; it is the impatiens—With prudence, policy and reserve, France in six months may be restored to happiness, liberty and peace." Every body, however, acknowledge, that whatever might have been Sieyes' combinations, Buonaparte, and the confidence inspired by his name and courage, were necessary to their execution. Hence we may conclude, that at the time Sieyes made the above speech, he fore saw the return of Buonaparte to France.
The following anecdote is related in the Paris papers of one of the Mamelukes who came from Egypt with Buonaparte: On landing at Frejus, he asked, "what country are we in?" "In France." "Are there horses, cows, &c. in this country?" "Certainly." "Are there plundering Arabians also?" "No." The young Arabian was greatly rejoiced at this last information, but on being plundered in the neighbourhood of Aix, he complained that he had been imposed upon, since he found that there were also Arabians in France.
Summary of the Revolution.
LONDON, November 18.
The following is a summary of facts relative to the late overturn in France:—On the morning of the 9th of November, the committee of inspectors of the Council of Ancients presented a report, in which they said that there were alarming symptoms, and that the country was in danger; they proposed therefore to remove the sittings of the legislature to St. Cloud, and to entrust the safety of the National Representation to Gen. Buonaparte. The proposition was instantly adopted. By the Constitution, the Council of Ancients possess the power of removing the sittings of the Legislature from Paris. On the 10th both Councils met at St. Cloud.
The Council of Five Hundred presented a very agitated scene. The sitting opened with a motion for a report upon the state of the Republic. Without entering into a discussion of this motion, it was proposed, that all the Members should take an oath of fidelity to the Constitution. The proposition was received with loud plaudits, interrupted by frequent exclamations of Down with the Dictators! After each Member had taken the oath, the Council passed a declaration, that they were constituted to the number of a majority required by the Constitution.—A letter from Barras was then read, giving in his resignation. While the Council were deliberating, Buonaparte, accompanied by 20 grenadiers, entered the hall, and walked up towards the President, his brother. Several of the Members immediately darted towards him, and pushed him back. Some proposed to outlaw him. One Member, Arena, his countryman, attempted to stab him. The blow, however, was warded off by a grenadier, who received
it in his arm. Buonaparte then drew back, ordered the grenadiers to withdraw, and left the hall himself. His conduct was then vehemently reprobated, his appointment of General of the Legislative Guard was proposed to be annulled, and the Council of Ancients was complained of as having violated the Constitution. The President interrupted this debate by quitting the President's chair, and throwing off his scarf. The doors were immediately opened, and a file of grenadiers entered and took away Lucien Buonaparte. A strong detachment of soldiers followed, and an officer ordered the hall to be cleared in Gen. Buonaparte's name. This order was immediately carried into execution. Meanwhile the Council of Ancients resolved, in a secret committee, to abolish the Directory, and to appoint a Legislative Commission of twenty-five Members, and an Executive Commission of three Members, who were charged to procure a solid and honourable peace. In the evening they appointed the persons to fill these Commissions, and then adjourned to the 20th of February. The remains of the Council of Five Hundred also met in the evening, and having passed a decree similar to the Council of Ancients, adjourned also to the 20th of February.
Nov. 19. The language of Buonaparte, since the late Revolution, is pacific. One of his charges against the old Directory is, having plunged France into a new war with Austria. The Councils charge the Consuls to negotiate a Peace. Prussia, it is said, by the succession of Sieyes, has consented to be the mediator. The Consulate sits at the Luxembourg. Murat commanded the grenadiers who drove the Council of Five Hundred from their place of sitting.
Nov. 23. The Secretary of the French Consulate is the person who attempted to negotiate a peace with this country at the commencement of the war. Le Garde retains his place as Secretary General, but divides its duties. It is said the Consuls will wear a military dress.
Nov. 28. On the 18th inst. the French fleet at Brest were dressed in their colours, in consequence of the late Revolution. The Spanish ships appeared in no preparation for sea.
Dec. 4. It is said, that at a dinner given by Berthier to Gen. Knox, the former asked, "Whether he thought the British Ministry were disposed to treat with the Consuls for peace, upon such terms as France, in her present position, had a right to expect?" The latter replied, "If the French Government would state this demand upon paper, and authorize him to transmit it to London, he should think it his duty to do so, and inform them of the result." Madame Buonaparte put the same question to Capt. Swinburne, who supped with her.
Dec. 14. Paris papers to Dec. 9 mention, that the Consuls have recalled from exile the Priests who have complied with the oaths exacted of them, or who are married.
It is said that Louis XVII, son to the late King, is still alive, preserved by Sieyes from the fury of the Revolutionists.
Articles relative to the Armies.
DEFECTION OF THE RUSSIANS.
Suwarrows, in a letter to his Sovereign, complains of the Austrian Gen. Melas as deceiving him, with respect to a supply of mules to draw his artillery and baggage, whereby he was prevented from arriving in Switzerland in season to prevent the recent disasters.—He also says, he was promised the Archduke should not leave Switzerland till the French were driven out of that country. Serious differences have, therefor, occurred between the Austrian and Russian Courts; and the latter has ordered the return of its troops; and they have actually begun their retrograde march. The Austrians persuaded Suwarrows to remain, after the first receipt of orders to return, in hopes of a favourable change in the mind of the Emperor of Russia; but by his moving homeward since, it appears those orders were repeated, and perhaps were peremptory.
Dec. 13. The Austrians are successful. After the battle of Nov. 4, at Genola, the French column under Victor was driven from Mondovì to Saona and Finale. Grenier's column was forced from Borgo St. Dalmazzo to Robilante—and the Austrians still pursuing. The Austrians vigorously besiege Coni, and have taken Lemone and Orma; and it is also said, they have taken Col di Tenda. It is added, that the French have been routed in the valleys of Maïra, and that the Austrians have advanced beyond their frontiers. Reinforcements are marching to Gen. Melas.
In Switzerland, there has been no armistice, as reported. Massena is inclining towards Suabia. After possessing the Grison country, he evacuated it, for want of provisions. The Austrian army opposed to him has been reinforced, and contemplated to relieve Philipsburg again.
The Austrian Gen. Kray is to have the chief command of the Army designed to operate against Switzerland.
Prior to the 6th of Nov. the French army of the Rhine had advanced from Manheim, defeating the Austrians, and taken possession of Carlruhe, Durlach, Pforzheim, Heilbronn, Laufen, and Biehlheim; and Philipsburg was besieged. On the 6th and 7th, the French were defeated, driven to Manheim, and Philipsburg relieved. The French lost 2000 killed, and 900 prisoners. Their Gen. Ney, was wounded.
November 15.
Government has received dispatches from Commodore Troubridge, dated Civita Vecchia, Oct. 5, announcing that he had accepted a capitulation of the French General Garnier, by which the latter agreed immediately to evacuate the Roman State. He had already taken possession of Civita Vecchia, Corneto and Tolfa, and had sent off near 3000 French.—Gen. Bouchard took possession of Rome about the same time. All public property is to be restored.
November 17. An expedition to the coast of France is now very generally spoken of, the object of which is to be, to land an army in the neighbourhood of Brest, for the purpose of attacking the batteries which protect that port, while a squadron of our ships enters the harbour, to destroy the combined fleets by a coup de main .—Such was the report of yesterday, which we should not have ventured to repeat, were it not that the wide circulation it obtained, deprived it even of the slightest veil of secrecy.
November 19. Buonaparte was in greater peril on the day of the revolution, than is stated in any one of the public Journals. The Jacobins made 18 different assaults on him, and he was twice wounded in the arm, and also in the cheek, but he was saved from being wounded in the body by an impenetrable lining to his waistcoat. The barriers were shut from Friday evening till Sunday morning; and it is supposed there were upwards of 30,000 fresh troops which had been marched into Paris and the neighbourhood, to overawe the former constituted authorities.
December 3. Sieyes is considered as the contriver of the late change at Paris. In fact, however, the whole of that operation lay in the execution. Without a man possessed of the talents and the qualifications which were necessary to carry through the attempt, and get it approved when done, what would have become of the reveries of Sieyes about a change? Many people, as well as he, thought it desirable; but how was it to be effected? Where was there a man who enjoyed at once the confidence and affection both of the people and of the army, without which the scheme was absolutely impracticable, except Buonaparte? The state of things in France required a person possessed of utriusque Munera ; and whatever secret influence Sieyes may possess, he never can be the most prominent character upon the scene.
MISCELLANEOUS ARTICLES.
CAIRO (Egypt) Sept. 3. Gen. Legrange, with an army of 60,000 men, has set out to meet and engage the army of the Grand Signior. Legrange has but 6000 French in his army—the rest are Arabs, Copts and young Mamelukes. Here all is tranquil; and the National Institute proceeds in its investigation.
RUSSIA, October 24. The order excluding Danish vessels from our ports is revoked.
VIENNA, Nov. 6. The reports of peace have advanced our funds 5 per cent.
Nov. 23. The Spanish minister and our minister of state hold frequent conferences. They are said to relate to peace. [The very latest information, not only from Vienna, but other parts of Europe, authorize a sanguine expectation of peace.]
BERLIN, Nov. 3. Bartholemey is at Hamburg. The king has invited him to Berlin.
SWITZERLAND, Nov. 4. Our government is to be new modelled. Several members of the Directory and of the Councils will be dismissed.
PARIS, Nov. 27. Pacy sur Eure, a large town 20 leagues from Paris, is taken by the Chouans. The Chouans entered Redon Nov. 9, to the number of 12 or 1500; after many excesses, they evacuated it.
The emperor of Russia has engaged by treaty to put at the disposal of the king of Naples, 9 battalions of infantry, with the necessary artillery, and 200 Cossacks, to be marched as soon and as fast as the roads will admit.
BOURDEAUX, Nov. 11. The Directory have ordered the embargo to be taken off of the John and Richard, an American vessel. On application from the U. S. consul, the minister of marine has ordered the release of all prisoners in this commune, who shall be claimed as native or naturalized Americans. This measure is founded on the hope of an approaching treaty of commerce.
DARMSTADT, Nov. 19. On the 16th the French Gen. Lecourbe advanced from Manheim, (after communicating to his troops the late events at Paris) and attacked the Austrians, whom he compelled to retire with considerable loss, re-invested Philipsburg, and established his head-quarters at Buchsal.
LONDON, Nov. 16. It is said our government has revoked the proclamation declaring the ports of the United Provinces in a state of blockades. The exportation of West-India produce from hence to France is thought will be allowed. We learn that the Batavian government will permit the importation of West-India produce from this country.
Several Journals announce the death of Louis XVIII.
Nov. 23. Admiral Lord Keith is appointed to command in the Mediterranean.
The Cerberus British frigate lately engaged 3 Spanish frigates and two brigs, beat them off, and burnt a vessel under their convoy. Comparative force—British, 32 guns, 250 men—Spanish, 240 guns, 1500 men.
Dec. 3. A vessel in three days from L'Orient informs, that the city is much alarmed, from the increase of Chouans in that neighbourhood (reported 60,000 strong) though the republicans have recently gained some advantages.—Rear-Admiral Story, learning that the Dutch government intended to arrest him, has come to England as a prisoner of war.—Fresh troops are ordered to the West-Indies.
Dec. 6. Lord Nelson has determined on a vigorous attack on Malta. Several thousand British troops at Messina and Minorca will be employed.
Dec. 10. Earl St. Vincent is to command the Channel fleet.—Admiral Gardner is said to be moving off Brest.
SIXTH Congress of the United States.
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES.
MONDAY, January 20.
THE Bankrupt Act was taken up in committee of the whole. Mr. Bird moved the expulsion of the part that requires two-thirds of the creditors in number and value to sign a certificate of discharge. He said, if it was impossible to have a bankrupt law without putting the debtor at the disposal of the creditor, he had rather be without one. The motion was negatived. The committee rose, and asked leave to sit again, which was granted.
The committee on the representation of Mr. Randolph, reported the following resolves for the acceptance of the House:
Resolved, That this House entertains a respectful sense of the regard which the President of the United States has shown to its rights and privileges in his message of the 14th inst. accompanied by a letter, addressed to him by John Randolph, jun. a member of this House.
Resolved, That in respect to the charge alleged by John Randolph, jun. a member of this House, in his letter addressed to the President of the United States, on the 14th inst. and by him submitted to the consideration of the House, that sufficient cause does not appear for the interposition of this House, on the grounds of a breach of its privileges.
TUESDAY, January 21.
The House took up the further consideration of the Bankrupt Act. It was proposed to amend the part which provides that the assignees may, within three months after the knowledge of a fraudulent sale of property by the bankrupt, upon refunding the consideration money given by the purchaser thereof, be entitled to such property for the use of the creditors. The section passed as it stood. The bill passed to be engrossed by the casting vote of the Speaker. It was ordered to be read on Monday next; and a call of the House was desired on the occasion.
Mr. Harper submitted a resolution for extending to foreigners in the United States the benefits of the law, affording encouragement to artists for ingenious inventions.
Mr. Macon called up his resolution for repealing the 2d section of the Sedition Act; the House voted not to take it into consideration then. Mr. M. said he would call it up every day till it was formally disposed of.
Mr. Champlin presented a petition of the Corporation of R. I. College, praying indemnification for damages sustained by that edifice during the revolutionary war. Referred to the committee of claims.
WEDNESDAY, January 22.
A bill to suspend a clause of the army augmentation act, was taken up in committee. Mr. Randolph proposed a clause, for forming the troops already enlisted into regiments, to be officered from those in service; the residue of the officers to be discharged. Messrs. Rutledge, Platt, Hartley, Cooper, Otis, Harper, Bayard, Marshall and Smith, spoke against it.—Messrs. Macon, Claiborne, Nicholas, Gallatin, Randolph, Jones and Smilie, in favour of it. It was negatived.—For it, 38—against it, 56.
Mr. Nicholas moved a section confining the provision which prevents non-commissioned officers and privates from arrest for debts, to such debts as are contracted after enlistments. This motion was declared to be out of order.
THURSDAY, January 23.
Mr. Macon called up for consideration the resolution he laid on the table for the repeal of the second section of the act commonly called the Sedition Law—and upon the question will the House agree to the motion, there were ayes 46—noes 34.
Mr. Macon then went into an examination of the constitutionality of the law, and quoted the constitution and amendments thereto, &c. to which Mr. Bayard replied, and concluded with moving the following amendment to the resolution: "And the offences therein specified, shall remain punishable as at common law; provided, that upon any prosecution, it shall be lawful for the defendant to give, in his defence, the truth of the matter charged as a libel."
After some debate, Mr. Macon said, that in order to obtain a direct vote upon his resolution, which it had been endeavoured to avoid, he would consent to incorporate the amendment with it; and then call for a division of the question.
The question was then taken on the following part, to wit:
"Resolved, That the 2d section of the act passed the 14th of July, 1798, entitled "an act in addition to the act entitled an act for the punishment of certain crimes against the United States," ought to be repealed."
And carried in the affirmative—50 to 47.
FRIDAY, January 24.
The enlistment suspension bill passed to be engrossed. Several private reports, memorials, &c. were acted on.
MR. RANDOLPH'S AFFAIR.
The House took up the report of the committee on this subject. Mr. Smith censured the report, and moved its recommittal. Mr. Nicholas supported the motion; after which, Mr. Bayard defended the report in a speech of two hours. When he sat down, Messrs. Gallatin and Smilie both rose; but the question of adjournment was put and carried.
MONDAY, January 27.
Thomas Pinckney, Esq. from South-Carolina, appeared this day, was qualified and took his seat.
On motion of Mr. Rutledge, the order of the day on the third reading of the bill to establish

an uniform system of bankruptcy; and the call of the House ordered to take place this day at two o'clock, were postponed till to-morrow.
The House then resumed the consideration of the report of the committee to whom were referred the message of the President of the 14th inst. and a letter of Mr. Randolph—when Mr. Smith's motion for recommitting the report being under consideration, Messrs. Davis, Jones, Christie and Nicholson, spoke in favour of it—and Messrs. Sewall and Otis against it.
An adjournment was then called for and lost. Ayes 36—Nees 56.
Mr. H. Lee then spoke against the motion, when an adjournment was again called for, and carried, 53 members rising in the affirmative. Adjourned.
FOR THE PROVIDENCE JOURNAL.
To the AUTHOR of the ADELPHIAD.
SIR, I HAVE ever reflected on the establishment of the Federal Adelphi with pleasure and pride; and, as flowing from a source of genius and improvement, have hitherto generally supposed the periodical papers of the Adelphiad intended for the diffusion of morality, as well as of knowledge—and which, I think, was promised in one of the first numbers. How this engagement has been violated, and how the public have been disappointed, the thirty-first number will testify.
You may affect to be startled at the charge of immorality, or at best, with your usual criticism, accuse me of using an inappropriate term; but as you know the extensive signification of the word, you will not affirm it misapplied.—No, Sir, your head needs no champion, but your heart appears criminal and pusillanimous.—Is it consistent with your system of morality, of that morality proffered by the Adelphiad, to calumniate a stranger? To hold up, as an object of public ridicule, a gentleman of acknowledged genius? With hypocritical friendship to pilfer his domestic incidents, maliciously shroud them in a despicable garb, and offer them to the world as objects not only of satire, but of aversion? And for what? Have you received any injury from him?—Alas! I fear when it is your turn to "dream," your inhospitality, your duplicity, and the malevolence of your heart, will be punished by the "Poet's" transformation to a Crocodile.
This accusation involves another.—It is surely impolitic, as well as unjust, to make strangers objects of irony, acrimony and contempt, unless they become burthensome or dangerous. The person you have chosen, cannot be implicated as either. He is a man of genius, taste and refinement, and consequently a valuable acquisition to any community.
So long as the Adelphiad is calculated to discountenance vice, and encourage virtue—While personalities are avoided, and prevalent indecorums alone censured; so long will it be read without contempt.
AMICITIA.
Domestic Affairs.
PHILADELPHIA, January 24.
Governor McKean's intemperate abuse is producing its natural effect, disunion and turbulence in the Legislature, and enmity between the citizens. After branding 35,000 free electors with every scurrilous epithet his irritated fancy could invent, he has no claim to confidence, dignity or respect.—The Senate of this State have properly resented his abuse; and are determined to mete to the Governor the measure he has meted to them: The following is their answer to his speech, at the opening of the session:—
"SIR, THE sentiments you announce, and the motives which you profess in relation to the high and responsible trust committed to your administration, are such as have afforded satisfaction, and claimed the respect of the Senate of Pennsylvania."
"With principles thus correct, and views thus laudable, we had a momentary hope that a corresponding conduct would have followed, and that by a manly and noble policy, the spirit of party and political discontent which now divides our state and threatens its peace, would have been removed, and tranquility again restored. Under these impressions, and with dispositions to relinquish personal considerations when the public good required, we were willing to forgive, and if possible to forget, the language used by you in your answers to sundry addresses on your election as Chief Magistrate. You there bestow on those who opposed your election the most opprobrious epithets, and ascribe to them the most wicked designs. We sincerely lament, that the same spirit which dictates these answers, has marked your official conduct. A great number of respectable characters have been removed from office, against whom no other blame rests than the exercise of their rights, as freemen, in opposition to your wishes; amongst these are a number of the most meritorious officers and soldiers engaged in the establishment of our independence. They were selected by your patriotic predecessor as deserving their country's favour and gratitude. The small rewards bestowed have, for the exercise of a right which their lives were risked to secure, been by a single breath destroyed."
"Affecting as these considerations are, the operation which a system of this kind must have on the principles of our republican government, has produced still greater concern. Our constitution secures the right of suffrage; and it will be to no purpose that our laws are framed to guard against undue influence in our elections, if fear on the one hand, or hope of reward on the other, be suffered to govern in the exercise of this right. If opposition to a successful candidate be considered a sufficient ground for the removal of an officer, and zeal
in his favour regarded as the chief qualification in a successor, there is much reason to believe that this evil exists."
"Whilst our oaths, our honour and our interest impose on us the sacred duty of co-operating in all measures tending to the interest and happiness of our constituents, they also impel us to bear this public testimony of our disapprobation of a measure which, in its consequences, will be destructive and ruinous to republican principles."
OFFICIAL.
"United States ship Baltimore, at sea, in lat. 23, north, and long. 67: 30, west, Dec. 31, 1799."
"SIR, On the 20th December, at 11, A.M. the town of Bassafare, in Guadalupe, bearing E. S. E. 9 or 10 leagues distant, I fell in with and captured the French brig L'Esperance, from Guadalupe, bound to St. Thomas', Andrew Bernard, master, loaded with 108 hogheads of sugar. At 1, A. M. on the 21st, I arrived to an anchor in St. Christopher's, with the prize in tow. The above brig is coppered, and 150 tons burthen."
"I am, with respect, your most obedient humble servant,
WILLIAM COWPER.
"The Hon. BENJAMIN STODDERT."
"Pickering, at Sea, 17th December, '99."
"SIR, Having this day fallen in with and captured a French privateer of 10 guns and 61 men, and an occasion offering to inform you of the same, I pray you to excuse my not being so particular as I otherwise should be. I have the honour to remain, Sir, your most obedient servant, BENJAMIN HILLAR."
"The Hon. BENJAMIN STODDERT."
Extract of a letter from John Elmslie, Esq. to the Secretary of State, dated at the Cape of Good Hope, September 22, 1799.
"By an English whaler, which arrived here from Rio-Janeiro, there is an account of two French privateers, which are cruising off the Brazil coast."
NEW-YORK, January 18.
French Piracy and Murder.
We have obtained from Capt. Champlings, of the Schooner Fair American, which arrived here yesterday, the following particulars relative to a scene of murder and piracy, which is believed to have been perpetrated on board the said Schooner, by the crew of the French privateer Victor:
The Schooner Fair American sailed from St. Thomas' on the 19th of November last, bound to Philadelphia, under the command of Capt. Davis. The 6th day after her sailing, she returned to St. Thomas' by the name of the Nancy, commanded by one Quatin, consigned from Porto-Rico to a Mr. Cassel, of St. Thomas', and under French colours. Her name was erased from her stern, and every mean essayed to disfigure her, as not to have her recognized; a set of false papers had also been obtained—but all these appearances were not sufficient to allay the suspicions of those concerned. The evidence of her being the Fair American was so full and positive, that upon application by Mr. Donavan (agent for the owners, who are merchants in Philadelphia) to the government of St. Thomas', she was given up.
It appears that this Schooner was captured by the French privateer immediately after she left port—and that the privateer was soon after captured by the Southampton British frigate; from the captain of which was obtained the log-book of the Fair American; but no intelligence of Capt. Davis, or any of his crew. The appearance of the cabin of the Schooner, on her return to St. Thomas', of itself, was sufficient to excite alarming suspicions: though great pains had been taken to scour the blood-stained cabin, the traces of human gore were very perceptible on the births and floor; but what appears to fix the massacre of the unfortunate crew of this vessel, are the large incisions on the births of the cabin, from cutlasses, which are now to be seen, accompanied with the streaming marks of blood.
BOSTON, January 31.
The American and French vessels at Cape-Francois, on the receipt of the tidings of the decease of General Washington, lowered their colours to half-mast. Some of the French vessels were lately from France. The Americans fired 16 minute guns. The French and Americans on shore wore badges of mourning.
Extract of a letter from a respectable gentleman in Georgetown, Maryland.
"The particular testimonies of General Washington's remembrance to individuals consist of four legacies only. One of these is a pair of curiously mounted pistols to M. de la Fayette, who took them, when commanding a small detachment during the revolutionary war, and presented to the General. His books and papers to Judge Washington—a most valuable gift; and to Dr. Craik, a whimsically shaped mechanical writing desk. I must not omit here a circumstance, which places in an eminent point of view the beautiful propriety of his characteristical prudence, by which he often disentangled himself from situations truly embarrassing. Some years since, the present Earl of Buchan sent to the General a curious oak box, made out of the tree which concealed Sir James Wallace, with this request subjoined, "that he would at his death leave it to the man he thought most worthy." The General with great wisdom has desired the box to be returned to his Lordship, with this answer, "that it is not for General Washington to point out the worthiest citizen of the United States." One striking singularity of his will is an elaborate collection of arguments annexed to every item, wherein he demonstrates the propriety of the management and disposal of his effects and wealth, which is estimated at a million of dollars."
Providence,
WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 5.
The following pre-eminent Characters closed their earthly career of glory, in 1799:—Gen. GEORGE WASHINGTON.—Their Excellencies Governor Sumner, of Massachusetts; Patrick Henry, of Virginia; John Henry, of Maryland, and Governor Rutledge, of South-Carolina.—General Mifflin, Ex-Governor of Pennsylvania.—Judge Iredell and Paca, of the Judiciary of the United States.—Mr. Tazewell, of the U. S. Senate.—Col. Nicholas, of Kentucky; and Col. Fitzgerald, Aid-de-Camp to Gen. Washington, during the war.
COMMERCIAL SPOLIATIONS.
On making up their accounts to be presented to the Stockholders in the Insurance Company of North America, the following were the amount of claims, Jan. 15th, 1800—for Spoliations on bona fide American property:
  By British captures, 905,708 55   French ditto, 1,519,406 43   Total, 2,525,114 98 
The ship George William, Capt. Aborn, has arrived below, in 60 days from Embden.
COMMUNICATED.
BUONAPARTE.
NAPOLEONE BUONAPARTE was born in the town of Ajaccio, in Corsica, in 1769; the son of Charles Buonaparte and Letitia Ramolini.
His father, who was also a native of Ajaccio, was bred to the civil law at Rome, and took part with the celebrated Paoli, in the ever-memorable struggle made by a handful of Brave islanders, against the tyrannical efforts of Louis XV. and the Machiavelian schemes of his minister Choiseul. Upon the testimony of a near relation, he not only laid aside the gown upon this occasion, but actually carried a musket as a private centinel!
On the conquest of the island, he wished to retire with the gallant chieftain who had so nobly struggled for its independence; but he was prevented by his uncle, a canon, who exercised a parental authority over him.
In 1778, a deputation from the three estates was sent to wait on the king of France; and on this occasion, Charles Buonaparte was selected to represent the nobles. He was soon after promoted to the office of procuratore reale of Ajaccio; where his ancestors, supposed to have been originally from Tuscany, had been settled nearly two hundred years.
The family of the elder Buonaparte was numerous, for he had seven children—four sons and three daughters. It was his good fortune, however, to be cherished by the French; and both he and his family lived in the greatest intimacy with M. de Marboeuf, the governor. On the death of the father, M. de Marboeuf continued to patronize his family, and placed his second son, Napoleon, at the military academy.
The advantages resulting from this favour, which has produced more great men than any other in Europe, were not lost on young Buonaparte. He there applied himself with equal assiduity and address to mathematics, and studied the art of war as a regular science. Born in the midst of a republican struggle in his native land, it was his good fortune to burst into manhood at the moment when the country of his choice shook off the chains with which she had been manacled for centuries. There was also something in his manners and habits that announced him equal to the situation for which he seems to have been destined; instead of imitating the frivolity of the age, his mind was continually occupied by useful studies; and from the lives of Plutarch, a volume of which he always carried in his pocket, he learned at an early age to copy the manners and emulate the actions of antiquity. With this disposition, it is but little wonder that he should have dedicated his life to the profession of arms. We accordingly find him, while yet a boy, presenting himself a candidate for a commission in the artillery; he proved successful in the competition, became a lieutenant in the French army, and served as such during two or three years, in the regiment of La Fere.
On the second expedition against Sardinia, having attained the rank of lieutenant-colonel of a corps of Corsican national guards, he embarked with his countrymen, and landed in the little island of Maddalena, which he took possession of in the name of the French Republic; but finding the troops that had been got together for this expedition neither possessed organization nor discipline, he returned to the port of Ajaccio, from whence he had set out. In the mean time a scheme was formed for the annexation of Corsica to the crown of England. Buonaparte had a difficult part to act on this occasion; he was personally attached to Paoli; he resented the treatment he experienced during the reign of the terrorists, and had actually drawn up, with his own hand, a remonstrance, transmitted by the municipality of Ajaccio, against the decree declaring the general an enemy to the commonwealth. Indeed, he was supposed to be so intimately connected with him, that a warrant was actually issued by the commissioners of the convention, to arrest young Buonaparte! Nevertheless, he was determined to remain faithful to his engagements, and learning that the English Fleet had failed for the purpose of seizing his native island, he embarked with his family for the continent; and settled within 18 leagues of Toulon. That town had just been delivered up to the English Ad. Lord Hood. The military talents of the young Corsican were well known to Salicetti, who introduced him to Barras, to whom he gave indubitable proof of the sincerity of his professions, at a period when suspicion was justified by the most serious and frequent defections. He was accordingly advanced to the rank of general of artillery; and directed, under Dugomier, the attacks of the various redoubts that surrounded and strengthened this important port. It is
needless to add, that the issue of these operations was a speedy restoration of the key of the Mediterranean to France.
The conquest of Toulon contributed not a little to raise the reputation of Buonaparte, and proved equally advantageous to his second career. That deputy had also been bred a military man, and was employed by his colleagues on all great occasions. One of these soon occurred; this was the commotion among the sections of Paris, known by the name of the insurrection of Vendemaire. On this occasion, he took care to be surrounded by able men; luckily for the convention, one of these was Gen. Buonaparte, and it was to the masterly dispositions made by him, that the triumph of the representative body was principally ascribed. A nobler field now opened for his exertions. In the spring of 1796, he was invested with the chief command of the army of Italy; and the unparalleled events which have since marked the progress of this extraordinary man, have been widely trumpeted by fame.
As to his person, Buonaparte is of small stature, but admirably proportioned. He is of a spare habit of body, yet robust, and calculated to undergo the greatest fatigues. In respect to his mind, he possesses uncommon attainments. He converses freely, and without pedantry, on all subjects, and writes and speaks with fluency and eloquence. Above all things, he has attempted, and in a great measure obtained, the mastery over his passions. He is abstemious at his meals, and was never seen in the slightest degree intoxicated. He possesses many friends, but has no minions, and preserves an inviolable secrecy, by means of a vigorous silence, far better than other men do, by a loquacious hypocrisy. From recent events, he seems destined to take a principal part in the last act of the political drama of the 18th century; and whether he will prove the Cromwell or the Washington of his country, time will soon develop.
The man, however, of whom it has been said, "his mistress was the commonwealth, and his companion Plutarch," should not hesitate to prefer a civic to a kingly crown.
DIED.
At Uxbridge, Miss Hannah Tillinghast, daughter of the late Mr. Robert Gibbs Tillinghast, of this town, in the 18th year of her age.
At Rehoboth, on the 24th ult. Capt. Jonathan Bliss, in the 61st year of his age.
ALL persons indebted to the Editor of this Paper, are respectfully solicited to make payment.
This day received, and for Sale by ELISHA DYER, TEN Pipes of first quality BRANDY, which will reduce 40 per cent. Terms and Credit, liberal. February 5.
Header"> REMOVAL.
At the Store occupied by the late WELCOMME ARNOLD, Esq. the subscriber offers, for the accommodation of Apothecaries, Physicians, and private Families, an assortment of genuine SIMPLE AND COMPOUND MEDICINES:
Among which are the following Patent Medicines, viz. TURLINGTON'S Balsam of Life, Cundell's celebrated Balsam of Honey, for coughs, colds, &c. Hill's Balsam of Honey, Bateman's pectoral Drops, Daffey's Elixir Salus, Essence of Peppermint, Bowen's Sago in canisters, Anderton's true Scott's Pills, in large and small boxes; Hooper's female Pills, Keyser's antiven. Pills, cephalic Snuff, pungent Smelling Salts, &c.
Also best Peruvian red Bark, common ditto, Columbo, Ipecacuanha, Gum Camphire, Salt-Petre, &c. &c. &c.
Medicine Chests put up at a short notice, marked and numbered, with accurate and neatly written Directions.
Families and Physicians may depend on having their orders attended to with the greatest exactness and dispatch.
To the above he has added an assortment of GENUINE GROCERIES,
Consisting of Brandy, first and fourth proof; old Jamaica Spirits, fourth proof; Jamaica Rum, St. Croix Rum, Cherry Rum, Holland Gin, Hyson, Hyson-Skin and Bohemian Teas; Loaf and Brown Sugars, Surinam Molasses, Coffee, Flour, Rice, Rye and Indian Meal, &c. &c. &c.
Constant attendance given from sunrise till 9 o'clock in the evening, and the smallest favours gratefully acknowledged, by JEREMIAH BROWN HOWELL.
N. B. He has five or six loads of THATCH (cut early and well secured) for sale, or to exchange for Potash, Rails, Wood, or other country produce. February 5.
Wanted,
AN experienced SUGAR BOILER. Any one that can be well recommended, will meet with good encouragement. Enquire of JEREMIAH H. F. JENKINS. Feb 5.
Twenty Dollars Reward.
LOST,
ON the 28th of January, between Konimicut-Point and the Post-Office in this town, the sum of Two Hundred Dollars, consisting of 4 bills, one of an 100 dollars, one of 50 do. one of 30 do. and one of 20 do. The bills were wrapped up in a piece of paper, and the outside directed "Two Hundred Dollars, for Mr. James Temple." A reward of Twenty Dollars will be paid to any person who has found the money above described, and will return it to Mr. Temple, in Providence, or to William Smith, in Pawtucket. Feb. 5.

Selected Poetry.
On Speaking Irreverently of PRAYER.
LEAVE, leave, vain youth, these foolish airs, In treating sacred things! Come oft to Church...from solemn prayers Eternal comfort springs.
Thy soul is of celestial frame, Oh! don't that foul debase, Nor slight his great tremendous name, Who fills the hallowed place.
God of his essence spar'd a part, To wash thy stains away; His spirit too instructs thy heart Acceptably to pray.
How beauteous are thy courts, O Lord! There I could ever dwell, Where servent pray'r, and thy pure word, Triumph o'er death and hell.
DISTRESSING.
NEW-YORK, January 24.
On the 6th inst. the following accident happened at Peekskill, in this State:—A woman sitting near the fire side, having her youngest infant in her lap, a second playing with her, it accidentally fell into a large kettle of boiling water. The mother, in haste to preserve her child, threw the youngest on the bed, and on lifting the other out of the kettle found it lifeless. She then sent the eldest, a boy of about nine years of age, to call the father, who was at work in the barn; the boy on his way thence ran among a number of horses, who kicked out his brains. The mother in the mean time went to the bed side to take up the infant, and to her inexpressible grief found it deprived of life, having in her hurry thrown its neck across the head board of the bedstead.
"Go thou and do likewise."
SPRINGFIELD, January 21.
Mr. JOHN ASHLEY, an industrious and respectable farmer, now living in West-Springfield, and a member of the Church there, some years since gave to the church a fund sufficient for the support of the communion table, and to the parish a valuable library and a tract of ground for the purpose of burying the dead. In addition to those benefactions, he has lately given to the same parish the sum of 4333 dollars, to lie as a perpetual fund for the support of the ministry. A singular example of Christian liberality! There have been instances of legacies given for charitable uses to be appropriated after the donor's decease. But such a donation, not merely intended by will, but actually executed by the donor's hand, has rarely been known. We gaze with momentary surprise at the brilliant actions of heroes in pursuit of glory; but we more calmly admire, and longer remember the pious, pure and disinterested benefaction of the Christian, in support of that benevolent and divine religion, which is calculated to diffuse peace and good will on earth, and intended to insure a happy immortality above the skies.
HAPPINESS.
HAPPINESS consists in a private condition, a moderate revenue, a few tried friends, a choicely circle, a few relations, business enough to preserve vigour of mind without fatiguing it, wisely directed solitude, moderate studies; in a word, happy mediocrity. Independence is the blessing which deserves first of all to be chosen by us, should God leave to our choice the kind of life which we ought to follow; or, if he did not frequently intend, by placing us on earth, more to exercise our patience, than to consummate our felicity. O delicious independence! O inestimable mediocrity! I prefer you before the most glorious sceptre, the best established throne—the most brilliant crown! What are those eminent posts, of which the greatest part of mankind are so fond? They are golden chains, splendid punishments, brilliant prisons and dungeons. Happy he, who having received from providence blessings sufficient for his rank, easy with his fortune, far from courts and grandeur, waits with tranquillity for death; and while he enjoys the innocent pleasures of life, knows how to make eternity his grand study, and his principal occupation.
"He is in glory—the world in tears."
WASHINGTON MEDALS.
FOR SALE, by David Vinton,
At the corner shop, No. 7, Market-Square, PERKINS' celebrated WASHINGTON MEDALS, gold, silver and composition; impressed with the likeness, the initials, the dates of the birth, death, and principal events in the history of the immortal WASHINGTON.
The peculiar excellency of this invention is to imprint on the minds of ALL, especially of YOUTH, the memory and important services of Him who bought out freedom, and entailed it on posterity.
These medals are worn in Boston, particularly by children of all classes.
January 29. (6w.)
To be Sold,
At PUBLIC AUCTION,
At eleven o'clock in the forenoon, on the second Monday in February next.
A HOUSE and LOT, situated on Eddy's Point, being the estate of SAMUEL INGRAHAM. For further particulars, apply to
RICHARD ANTHONY.
January 22.
The following Extract of a letter from a gentleman at Baltimore to his friend at Tioga, dated Dec. 1799, may convince settlers in new countries, of the highly advantageous situation of the lands offered for sale by the subsequent advertisement.
"I am happy in being able to inform you, that at length the Canal, and the bed of the river, are both in a certain way of being made navigable. Our state have even exceeded our expectation;—they have granted a toll to the Susquehannah Canal Company of one half the rates established for the canal, on condition they appropriate 5000 dols. to clearing the river, and effect a navigation for rafts and arks. The state lends the stockholders 30,000 dollars for ten years, and authorizes them to enlarge their stock 50,000 pounds beyond the present amount, if necessary. These measures secure the opening of the river, and the completing of the canal. Our legislature has also authorized the cutting a canal from the Chesapeake Bay to the Delaware Bay, on condition that the state of Pennsylvania clear the river Susquehannah of all obstructions above the Maryland line. You may now calculate on a completion of the works, a ready access to tide water, and an easy ascent up the river. The accomplishment of these objects will add greatly to the value of Tioga. It will give you an opportunity of remitting, and enable you to sell your merchandise for property that can be transported to a market. The clearing the river, and finishing the canal, will be entered upon immediately, as the spring opens. I would recommend to you to sell no lots but to actual settlers—the more of these you can procure, the better. Tioga, for actual business, must become a great settlement.—Lumber must be the great object of attention."
Valuable LANDS for Sale.
FOR SALE, in Lots of 100, 200, 300 and 400 acres, a body of very valuable LANDS, equal in point of soil, situation and advantages of water carriage, to any lands in the United States. The soil has been proved, and is found, on cultivation, to be very fertile in wheat, rye, indian corn, potatoes, and other efficient vegetables. The lands are situated in the county of Luzerne, and state of Pennsylvania, within 7 miles of a river which is navigable to the sea for boats of considerable burthen; and large rafts of timber, from settlements on the same river many miles above these lands, are in the proper season of the year sent to Baltimore, Havre-de-Grace, and other places. The lands are about 170 miles north of Philadelphia, 60 miles west of Poughkeepsie, on the North River, and about 240 on a direct west course from Providence. The canal from the mouth of the Susquehannah, which it is expected will soon be accomplished, will afford a direct water carriage from the landings near this tract to Philadelphia.
The lands are surrounded by settlements on all sides; those of Chenango are about 30 miles to the northward. Several families from this state purchased and moved on to a part of these lands the last spring. The subscribers have granted a gift-mill on the premises, for the accommodation of settlers. The whole tract is well wooded throughout, having little or no underbrush. There is a sufficiency of the sugar maple, and of white ash, to afford a permanent supply of sugar and fencing. The land is not stony, rocky or mountainous, nor is it flat or level, but diversified with hills and valleys, just sufficient to ensure its fertility. The inhabitants who have been lately in its neighbourhood for several years, have experienced the climate to be very healthy, and the winters moderate. The lands are well watered, having several good mill-streams, and a considerable quantity of natural meadow, sufficient, in the opinion of good judges, to support 100 head of cattle winter and summer. The whole tract has been surveyed, and divided into lots of 200 acres, but will be sold in such quantities as will best suit the purchasers; or some of it will be leased, if desired.
Real estate in Providence or its vicinity will be received in exchange for part of it, on reasonable terms. The title is clear and indisputable, and deeds with warranty will be executed unto the purchasers by the subscribers; by enquiring of whom, it will be found that the lands now offered for sale are really inviting to all desirous of settling in a fertile and healthy country, and that the terms, both with respect to credit and price, are very moderate.
Persons desirous of purchasing, are requested to apply soon, as the tract for sale is not large, containing only about twelve thousand acres.
BENJAMIN BOURN, in Bristol BROWN and IVES, in Providence. December 25.
THE subscribers having been duly appointed by the Hon. Court of Probate for the town of Smithfield, commissioners to receive and examine the claims of the creditors to the estate of Samuel Mowry, late of Smithfield, deceased, represented insolvent, hereby give notice to the said creditors to bring in their claims to us within 12 months from the date hereof; that being the time allowed by said Court for receiving the same; otherwise they will be excluded according to law. Attendance will be given at the House of Job Mowry, jun. for receiving said claims on the following days, viz. the 8th day of February, and last day of May and October, from 1 o'clock to 6, P. M.
JOSEPH BALKCOM, SETH MOWRY, Commissioners.
All persons indebted to said estate are requested to make immediate payment to
JABEZ MOWRY, Administrator. Smithfield, January 19.
THE Subscribers having entered into copartnership, under the firm of William Lee and Co. intend transacting business in the commission line. Consignments, and orders for the purchase of Goods, will be gratefully received at their new store, south side of the Market, and strictly attended to.
WILLIAM LEE. JOHN BOWERS.
January 29.
For Sale,
At the Store of the Subscribers.
200 Barrels of Beef 20 ditto of Pork 50 Pipes of excellent Geneva, warranted equal to any imported 500 Cases of ditto 3 Tons of Ship Bread. 3, 4, 6 and 9 pound Cannon; round Shot, double headed ditto, grape, &c. suitable for the above sized cannon. The above articles will be sold in large or small quantities, as will best suit the purchasers—for cash or approved notes, payable at the Bank.
JOHN BROWN.
January 1.
John Cairns, WATCH-MAKER,
Next door to Mr. Sanders Pitman's.
Respectfully informs the Public, that he has commenced the business of making and repairing WATCHES, from a simple to the most complex constructions. Those who may please to favour him with their custom, may depend on his utmost exertions to give that satisfaction, which, from the opportunity he has had of acquiring a perfect knowledge of the business, he flatters himself with the hope of affording.
N. B. Plain Watches made, of any fashion required, for 25 dollars; horizontal 28, warranted for two years without expence, except in case of accident.
January 29.
For SALE, by Christopher C. Olney,
One door north of Mr. John Corlis', 50 Barrels of Turpentine Foolscap and Bot Writing-Paper Demy do. Vellum do. Post do. Printing do. Wrapping do. Sheathing do. Bennet do. Clothier's do. Book-Binder's do.
Orders for any quantity or quality will be attended to.
Cash, or any of the above articles, will be given for cotton, linen and woolen Rugs, and old Sail-Cloth and Jack, delivered at the Mills or his Store. Great allowances made to shopkeepers who collect stock, and paper put at reduced prices.
Also mented. Two smart active BOYS, about 14 years old, as apprentices to the paper-making business, to whom good encouragement will be given. January 29.
Appropriate Music.
Now in the Press of THOMAS G. ANDREWS, And will be elegantly executed.
Dirges, Hymns & Anthems,
Composed on the Death of GENERAL WASHINGTON, And respectfully dedicated to the afflicted People of the United States, who so justly mourn the loss, and so gratefully Commemorate the exalted virtues and distinguished talents of that great Man.
The words are carefully selected from the numerous effusions of ingenious grief, which have flowed spontaneously from various quarters of our Country, and are more particularly set to Music, for performance on the 22d of FEBRUARY, the day recommended and set apart by Congress, that the People of United America may publicly testify their grief for the Death of General George Washington, By Eulogies, Oration, &c. To which will be added several ORIGINAL MASONIC DIRGES. The whole by a Citizen of Massachusetts.
It is expected that the work will be ready for Sale in this town in ten days; and in other parts of the United States, by the first of February. Boston, Jan. 17, 1800.
PROVIDENCE, IC.
WILLIAM SPEAR, conversant in Forfeitures in the county of Providence, Traded, presented his petition in the office of the clerk of the Supreme Judicial Court for the county of Providence, praying that a sentence of divorce between him and his wife Nancy may be passed:—NOTICE is hereby given to the said Nancy, or to any person in her behalf, to appear at the next Supreme Judicial Court, to be held at Providence, in and for the county aforesaid, on the third Monday of March next, and there cause, if any they have, why the prayer of said petition should not be granted.
PAUL ALLEN, jun Clerk. January 22, 1800.
GOLDEN BEE-HIVE. Jeremiah F. Jenkins, No. 3, MARKET-STREET.
Has for Sale, BOHEA Tea, in whole, half, and quarter chests Souchong and Hyson Tea, per chest Russia and Ravens Duck Russia Sheeting, Morocco Skins Complete tea-sets of China Piece and Hard-Ware Goods, as usual Citron, Zant Currants, Figs and Raisins Coffee and Sugar, per barrel Sheet Glass, of various sizes 8 by 6, and 9 by 7 Window-Glass Fashionable Hearth-Rugs and Fire-Fenders 400 Pieces of Nankeens 3 Pipes of pleasant flavoured Brandy. A few old Dutch Cheeses January 22. (6w)
MAIL-STAGE.
THE subscribers respectfully inform the public, that the only regular line of Stages for New-York and Boston, start from A. AMMIDON'S, at the sign of the Golden-Ball, near the State-House, in Providence; where ladies and gentlemen are invited to call and take their seats. The Mail Stage leaves Providence for New-York and Boston, Tuesdays, Thursdays and Saturdays; for New-York, at 6 o'clock, A. M. and for Boston, at 6 o'clock, A. M.
Particular care will be taken that the Mail-Stage is not crowded; not more than eight persons are allowed to go in the Mail-Stage to Boston.
SOLOMON HATCH, and Co. January 22.
Twenty Dollars Reward.
WHEREAS a person by the name of JABEZ FULLER, a blacksmith and transient person, on the 14th inst. had the conditional loan of a young mare, to ride a few miles; his wife returned, and is supposed to have gone off with intent to sell the mare. Said Fuller is about 28 years of age, 5 feet 9 inches high, had on, when he went away, a black knapped hat, a brown homespun double-breasted great coat, dark complexion, black eyes, short black hair, and walks a little lame. The mare is four years old last spring, of a dark chestnut colour, and a small star in the forehead, about fourteen hands high, trots and canters, brownish colour round the mouth, the sides of the right fore foot broke away, having two nails in the toe of the same foot. Whoever will take up said mare, and secure her to the subscriber, shall have fifteen dollars, and five dollars for information of the said Fuller, so that he shall be brought to justice.
SAMUEL DAY. Wrentham, January 8.
A Nation in Tears!!
THE PARENT of LIBERTY, rises with the FATHERS! PROPOSALS
For publishing by subscription, a collection of the most interesting pieces that have relation to the death of: GENERAL GEORGE WASHINGTON, Namely,
I. The communications of the several departments of state, announcing his death. II. The directions preparatory to his funeral honours. III. "WASHINGTON'S FUNERAL." IV. The condolence of the Senate, and the President's answer. V. The public testimonials of grief of the House of Representatives. VI. The President's letter to Mrs. WASHINGTON, with the resolutions of Congress, entreating her assent to the interment of the remains of her husband in the manner therein expressed—and her answer. VII. The Speeches, Eulogies and Oration (carefully arranged in their order of time) that have been delivered in Congress and elsewhere together with numerous extracts, judiciously selected from the best sources, on the occasion—giving the names of the persons from whom they are taken, and the time and place of their delivery.
There will be prefixed to the work an accurate copperplate of the portrait of WASHINGTON, taken by a celebrated painter of Philadelphia, and a list of the subscribers added.
The above to comprise a duodecimo volume, of between two and three hundred pages, printed on fine paper, with a new and handsome type, neatly bound and lettered, and entitled, "MEMORY OF WASHINGTON." Price, to subscribers, one dollar, to non-subscribers, one dollar 25 cents.
It may seem needless to offer a single remark calculated to excite an encouragement to these proposals. It is not sufficient to consider that a work of this nature will be the most lasting and descriptive monument to his memory—a monument of the love, esteem and grateful forebearance of his countrymen, by which his breathless fame has been flowed to the tomb.
A return of the subscription is required by the first of April next, as it will then be necessary to have them that the names of the subscribers may be added to the work.
OLIVER FARNSWORTH.
Subscriptions for the above work are received by Rufus Green, bookseller, and at the Journal Office, in Providence.
Newport (R. I.) January 21.
Just Published. And for sale by J. CANNON, at the Printing-Office opposite the Market, wholesale and retail.
The NEW-ENGLAND ALMANACK, By ISAAC BICKERSTAFF, Philom.