The Kentucke gazette (Lexington [Ky.]), 1788-02-09 00:00:00

K E N T U C K E G A Z E T T E
S A T U R D A Y, FEBRUARY 9, 1788.
FOR SALE ON THE LOWEST TERMS FOR
Cash, or work-horses.
The following tracts of land the property of Thomas Bedford, to wit, fifteen hundred acres of land in Bourbon county, on or near, the Ohio river, the quality and situation, may be known by applying to Mr. William Kennedy, living near Danville, who located and surveyed the same.
A to five hundred acres, in the name of John Pemberton, lying in Nelson county, on Abels creek a branch of Salt river, the land may be seen by applying to Mr. William Sadler living near the mouth of said creek or the quarry known by applying to Col. Isaac Cox, who surveyed the same. For terms apply to
WILLIAM HENRY. agent for Thomas Bedford.
Credit will be given until the tenth of April next.
Whereas I at present, don't with Mr. John Soper, Esq., to a Samuel Living in years past, for four hundred acres of land, and as I have paid of said bond to said Living, and taken his receipt against the same: I hereby forewarn all persons from taking any assignment thereof, as I am determined not to pay it. Also an order to said Living on a Mr. Gibbs, for two young negroes, or an order with interest, or any other thing of value, to be paid to me by said Living, or to be received by me. WILLIAM HOY. January 19, 1788. p. 25
THE Public are cautioned against purchasing a tract of five hundred acres of land lying on the Kentucky river, the waters thereof, near Col. Garrison's of Mr. Srs. Garrison and Coburn in a settlement takes place between them and over fifty preceding said lands, two thirds thereof being my property. WILLIAM HOY. January 19, 1788.
THE public are hereby informed that as there is now an action of contract between William Hoyle and the subscribers, no settlement between them can affect the title to the above tract of land and they may rest assured that he has no claim to the above tract that can be supported at Law or
Jan. 24. GORDON & COBURN.
THE public should be cautious how they deal with a certain Capt. John Martin of Lincoln county, as that man has lately taken advantage of the law in pleading the limitation act, and that only, because he has been indulged nearly three years. This I hope will be a sufficient warning to the citizens of Kentucky particularly those in business.
Danville, Dec. 4, 1787. 29 M. NAGLE.
N. B. He says to me, let him produce his account proved, and then I will give him credit on the execution I have against him. M. N.
ALL persons indebted to the subscriber, are desired to settle and pay up their respective balances, on or before the 1st. day of March next: those who fail may depend, that I shall take the shortest method of getting my own. All those who may stand in need of my assistance in future will be careful to make provision to settle with me before I leave their house. MARY HARPER.
WANTED
AN APPRENTICE TO THE HATTING BUSINESS.
Enquire of the printer hereof.
MR. PRINTER.
In the present situation of our country, it may not be unuseful to offer some thoughts upon the nature of civil government, and the benefits of a republican constitution. For though the designs of G. Britain upon the liberties of America have been frustrated, and we have re-established that form of government under which we began to groan; yet our conduct may have been influenced less by principle than passion. The friends of the revolution may have been guided more by a sense of injuries received than by a prevailing conviction of the love or advantages which attend a republican government. I have heard many gentlemen of character advancing sentiments which tended to bring back our former situation, & disaffected us with the excellent principles of American policy. It is a pity that such gentlemen should avail themselves of the opinion of Montesquieu; because they are advancing an authority which operates against their arguments; and they pervert the opinions of one of the greatest and best of men. That author lived under a monarchy and saw the world around him too long habituated to the yoke to attempt a sudden revolution in politics. He saw them too deeply humbled by the usurpation of their civil and ecclesiastical princes, to declare too freely against laws and customs which were so long founded upon ignorance and preserved by power. He thought it a duty to the age in which he lived to moderate the exercises of kingly power, and direct it to the most beneficial objects; rather than to rouse men into an intellectual resistance, or dispose them with passions of happiness which they were then incapable of receiving or enjoying. But he has left behind him fame and principles to posterity as a politician and a man of virtue, with a sufficient clearance. Though his discourse has led him in many places to confess the goodness of government with respect to their maintenance of power rather than with a view to their promotion of happiness; yet he does not deserve to be supposed, as delivering mankind up like a lawful prize to their usurpers; or as deliberately thinking that men were made for government, and not government for men. Let any man read his doctrine of monarchies in the following words, and I desire him to place in Montesquieu as a friend to a monarch a deliberate intent to be considered. Ani-vitio, joined to idleness and a desire to pride, a desire of obtaining riches without labour and an aversion to truth; idleness, idleness, idleness, violation of engagements, contempt of civil duties, fear of the princes virtue, hope from his weakness; but above all a perpetual ridicule cast upon virtue, are I think the characteristics by which most courts are in a large and countries have been constantly distinguished. Now it is exceedingly difficult for the leading men of a Nation to be knaves, and for the inferior sort of people to be honest; for the former to be cheats and for the latter to rest satisfied in being only dupes. To this representation of a court may be subjoined the short description which Sallust has written of kings themselves; and one will mutually account for the other. To kings says he Good men are more the objects of suspicion than the bad; and the virtue of other people is always formidable to them. Montesquieu indeed has given a clue to his readers both in deciding upon his own sentiments, and upon the merits of particular forms of government, by laying down the three essential principles upon which they depend. Fear is the spring of Despotism, Honour of Monarchy and virtue of Republics. Fear is always to be avoided; honour is flattering but deceitful; virtue is the only constant friend and protector of man.
She always dangles herself before her courtiers, and maintains her ascendancy in the world, notwithstanding the continual treachery and violence of her secret and avowed adherents. A proof of this is had in the tyrants in the world have raised their authority upon their own pretensions to virtue, or upon the pretensions or virtues of their ancestors: that no man ever did, ever does, or ever will dare to proclaim himself an enemy to virtue without losing all pretensions to prudence; unless he has previously been raised to a degree of independence upon mankind, whose resentment might otherwise subject him to inconveniences which he would not venture to encounter: -- Lastly, that notwithstanding all the cheats that have been practiced upon mankind, and notwithstanding the darkness in which their minds have been involved, in the pursuit or practice of virtue; yet there still prevails a natural and powerful proposition in her favour, and some of her laws in it even be-obedient, to obtain esteem or influence among every people.
It must further be observed, that in the administration of every government, there is a reciprocal influence between the cause and effect. The sense of honour or price which prevents a people from submitting to the will of a despot and urges them to drive him from the throne, in order to maintain the mildest principles of a Monarchical Government; this sense of honour is every day improved by the operation of that mild administration of a monarchy. The fear and terror which supports the power of a Despot is quickly spread through all the orders of society; and the master the father and husband become possessed of the same power of life and death which is exercised by their sovereign and all his subordinate officers. On the other hand the virtue and true dignity of soul which enables a wise & patriotic people to distinguish their common rights, as the rights of human nature and wrest them from the hands of an aspiring monarch; this virtue will itself be strengthened and encreased by the existence of a republican government. The effects of this government among the Romans is excellently represented by Sallust. Every leading man among them chose rather to do than applaud great actions. Good morals were cultivated in the camp as well as at home. There was the greatest degree of harmony among the people and but very small appearance of avarice. Their inclination to display the love of justice and beneficence kept pace with the requisitions of their laws. Quarrels, discords and grudges, they had with the enemies of their country: but their only contention between citizens was for the prize of virtue. They were splendid in divine service, temperate at home and faithful to their friends. They had but two methods to promote both their own private interest and that of their country; i. e. intrepidity in war and equity in peace. They maintained their influence by doing good, rather than by exciting fear; and forgave rather than revenged private injuries. --- But after the extent of empire reduced the state to a kind of dependance upon the leaders of her armies; after the pride of military glory made the great men forgetful of the duties of citizens; the manners of the people became corrupted and the power of the laws was undermined. First a love of money then a lust of power prevailed. This was the seed of all their vices and calamities. For avarice expelled good faith, probity and all other virtues, instead of which it introduced pride, cruelty, a contempt of religion and led them to set up every thing for sale. Ambition made great numbers of men liars under pretence of discretion, and they entertained a rancorous hatred in their hearts, while they flattered with their tongues. Their friendships and their enmities were regulated not according to the scale of merit, but of convenience and they studied more to maintain a complacence in their countenances, than to cherish the principles of charity in their hearts. These and numberless other disorders were only tokens of the decay of a republican Government. A melancholy view of the state of public morals in this country, has prevented me from exulting in the effects of our late revolution. It is true, that the powers of the human mind ought to feel a moral liberal exertion; and the love of our country ought to be more extensively displayed than before our independence on G. Britain was established.

But the interest which prevails among us is a proof that Republicanism has many struggles yet to go through; and its salutary effects will not yet be acknowledged by the friends of monarchy. To support the credit of republican government, the evidence appeal from facts which may be to be met or misrepented by the lovers of power to principles which are universally established and which it is a dishonour to controvert. Must not that form of government, which takes its rise and depends continually upon virtue, a principle which is most friendly to man, be the most happy form of government. Is fear, is honour more beneficial to mankind than virtue? What is that honour which dares to stand in competition with virtue? Is it not in all its appearances an insulter and destroyer of the human race? Can slavery however gilded by the apologies of despotism, be more happy than freedom? If so: why do not the masters of mankind resign their robes and contend for the enjoyment of a prison. But is there a God and father of the human race? Must he not delight in virtue? and must not that which he delights in be happy? Must not then the advocates for Monarchy be arguing against the divine approbation? Do they not aim at establishing a system which is contrary to the dictates of nature, and injurious to mankind? Must not their principles in their first setting out militate against the fundamental doctrines of natural religion, just as the fashions of most courts and monarchies lead men to practical Atheism.  A REPUBLICAN.
MR. BRADFORD.
The following thoughts on the advantages of learning are collected from the exercises of a few scholars in a Latin school in this district. Some inaccuracies of expression are corrected but the observations are given in their original sense.  E. BROOKS.
LEARNING is without doubt of great advantage to all. It was given to man on purpose that he might know and govern himself; that he might promote his tranquility and happiness in this life and that which is to come. All men agree to express their sense of its importance and they perceive how it is calculated to raise a man to a degree of superiority above his age and often above his birth. We come into the world surrounded with a cloud of ignorance which is increased by the prejudices of a bad education. By well directed study the former is dispersed, and the latter corrected. It draws us off from idleness play and debauchery and usefully fills up the vacant hours which hang so heavy on many people's hands; and renders that leisure very agreeable which without literature is a kind of death. It enlarges the limits of our understanding by foreign assistance, extends our views multiplies our ideas and renders them more various, distinct and lively. It gives proportion and exactness to our thoughts and reasonings; instructs us how to range in due order whatever we have to speak and write; and presents us with the brightest pages of antiquity as patterns for our conduct. The mind always repays us with usury for the care we take to cultivate it. It is a rich and fruitful soil, capable of immortal productions; and every man who knows how nobly he is descended and for what great ends designed is obliged to manage it to advantage. By this care he advances in the practice of all good works and arrives to that piety which is the perfection of human nature. Men have raised themselves by knowledge as it were among the heavenly worlds. They tell us of the eclipses of the sun and moon and the revolutions of the planets. They bring assistance from the skies for the mariners who traverse the mighty ocean, and give to mankind the advantages of every clime. We daily observe that as the sciences make their progress through different countries they transform the inhabitants into new creatures; they inspire them with gentler inclinations and manners, supply them with better forms of government and more humane laws; so that they rise from their former obscurity and throw off their natural roughness. It is by the benign influence of learning that we are freed in all our social intercourse from the assassinations massacres and horrid executions which disgrace the connections and civil administrations of every savage people. It fills our senates and assemblies with men of refined understandings and good policy for the protection and improvement of mankind. It is to this we are indebted for a Jefferson a Randolph a Henry a Major a Lee and a Madison. It has furnished us with a Washington to conduct our arms and impress a sense of humanity upon the
scorn brow of war. The Athenians possessed but a small territory in Greece; but of how large a part it was their reputation by carrying the science to perfection. The same school sent abroad Great men of all characters, excellent orators, famous commanders, wise legislators and able politicians. The influence of knowledge is felt in every office and in every department of society. Whenever we have occasion to speak in public or to reason in private, to write or give an account of our administration and defend our principles, when ever it is necessary to instruct co-fans to entertain or persuade who will not acknowledge the benefit of learning? Nothing is more usual than to hear persons who have been abroad in the world and experienced the necessity of such accomplishments, bitterly regretting a neglect in want of them by misfortune or negligence. This want has kept many from important appointments or left them unequal to the task, or made them sink under the weight of their destination by which they have incurred the ridicule and contempt of an injured people, tho' they have luckily escaped the punishment which was due to their ignorance. With a majority on the contrary a young man starts in regard by learning draw upon himself the attentions of the public; what father would not rejoice to have such a son? Or what son would not ear a by with such a father? When we see a Franklin freighted with the applauses of foreign nations for having discovered the thunder from heaven and the people from tyrants; who would not trace his steps through the paths of science to feel any portion of that last approbation which must crown the glory of his declining age. Thus it is evidently proved that the sciences are the source of all honour and distinction, and a crowning as they are cultivated or neglected nations rise or fall, emerge out of obscurity or sink down into it again; and that our fate in a great measure depends upon them. Though many are a dead weight youth that light of learning and call the time of which is spent in education, yet are who love knowledge will find it an agreeable occupation and a faithful friend whose riches and power will fail. If we cannot help with the asura ce that these hopes are not frustrated. The time moves on which none of us have made in a short time exceed the most plentiful crops of this fertile land. When we are travelling the wood and groves unseen by the eye of man, we often meditate with pleasure on the wise receipts which we have already received in the perusal of learned authors.
Jefferson, Jan. 21, 1788.
A remarkable instance of the intrepidity of Savages.
About the 28th ult. a party of Indians came into the neighbourhood of Col Johnsons on N. Elkhorn, and stole about 25 horses, some hunters who were at that time out fell on their trail a few days after, and supposed to be other hunters, going out, and consequently paid no further attention than that of exposing a surprise at so great a number so long together at so late a season, especially as they could not conceive there was the smallest danger of Indians, when the ground was covered with snow at least six or seven inches deep, and the season so extreme cold. About the 5th inst. two or three of the horses escaping from the Savage camp in with raw hide halters tied on them, which alarmed the inhabitants as that was a significant circumstance that the Indians had visited the neighbourhood, the men turned out to make what discoveries they could, and presently found where they had caught the horses, at which place the Indians had left a knife belt and several other tokens to shew who had taken them, they followed them until it was plainly discovered that the hunters abovementioned had seen that trail 8 days before. They then returned with a determination to follow them the next day, and either overtake them or know to what nation they belonged. What are we to expect from them when the season becomes mild, and the earth bare, if they are so daring and intrepid at this season.
Whereas a number of the subscribers for this paper, have paid no part of the subscription money, they are hereby requested to do so forthwith as there are several demands against us which we are not able otherwise to discharge. Good wheat at 3s. per bushel or Indian corn at 6s. per barrel will be received in payment, on or before the 13, of February next.
ON GAMING.
UNQUALIFIED... Camelions... All hearts... To accomplish which, each will... His friend... Who robs his friend will... Sure not... Then rich... Engage... Attentive... Except... And then... Within... More... Like... The... Then... Anon... Ho... Still... Now... He... Perhaps... Aloe... Pe... That... A... There... Ho... He... He... He...
WHEREAS I have rented my possessions at the mouth of Hickman for the term of one year, for several reasons particularly to settle my accounts, my books becoming unsettled. I therefore hope all those indebted to me will settle and pay off their respective balances otherwise they cannot expect the like indulgence. Mr. John Peak who occupies the ferry has a copy of my books and is authorized to receive settle and give receipts to any person applying for that purpose, produce will be taken in payment; a per bushel will be given for corn and a price in proportion for wheat, oats, bacon, butter, tallow, sugar, or salt. I hope the mildness of the terms will induce the whole of my customers to comply therewith. I am and full expect to be a servant to the public.  JAMES HOGAN.
ROBERT BARR
HAS just received a fresh assortment of grocery and dye stuffs, and has opened the remaining stock of his dry goods, and now are for sale, likewise two Philadelphia made full two wheel laws, four dicket rifle guns and a number of Cows and calves, with the following Medicine, viz Glauber salts, Barks rhubarb, jallap, tartar emetic, cream of tartar ippecacuana, magnesia, camphor, flower of sulphur, quicksilver ointment, bristol oil, harlem oil, tarlington's balm, anderson's pills, hoopers female pills essence of peppermint, liquorish ball &c. Also, two surveyors compasses and chains, together with a case of plotting instruments at eight pounds each compass.
As I propose quitting trade as soon as this cargo of merchandise is vended, shall in future sell on the lowest terms to expedite the same, super fine broad cloths with other fine goods will be sold on lower terms than this district can in future be supplied.  R. B.