The Kentucke gazette (Lexington [Ky.]), 1788-07-05 00:00:00

K E N T U C K E G A Z E T T E,
S A T U R D A Y, JULY 5. 1788.
LEXINGTON: Printed by JOHN BRADFORD at his Office in Main Street where Subscriptions, Advertisements, &c. for this paper, are thankfully received, and Printing in its different branches done with Care and Expedition.
JUST OPENING
HUGH MILVAIN, Is now opening at his Store in Lexington; one door above Messrs. Alexander and James Parkers,
BY
THOMAS JANUARY;
AN ASSORTMENT OF GOODS
At his Store in LEXINGTON the corner of Main and Cross Streets, a little beyond the Court-house.
A GENERAL ASSORTMENT OF GOODS.
Amongst which are,
 SECOND, third and safe Cloths.  Coating and broadcloth.  Shalloons, calimancoes, morseas & poplin.  Irish linen.  Beaver and wool hats.  Knives and forks.  Needles and pins.  Copper sauce-pans.  Wool and cotton cards.  Pen and cutlass knives.  Pewter.  Pins and coarse-tooth combs.  Silvery ware.  3d. rod. 2d. & 20d. nails.  Adam, copper and tin plate.  Tea, coffee, pepper and loaf sugar.  Wine, Jamaica spirits.  Assorted china and glass ware, with a variety of other articles too tedious to enumerate, which he proposes to sell for cash. 
FOR SALE
About one thousand acres of land within six miles of Lexington; and seven hundred and fifty near Buxton court house, the titles are indisputable and the quality equal to any in the District. Enquire of the printer.
Strayed away from the neighbourhood of Col. Smith's, about the first of present, a Kentucky full-blooded mare, about fourteen hands high, ten or eleven years old, with a blaze in her face, and some of her feet white, but do not recollect which nor how many, has a long tail and hanging mane, I do not recollect when the mare is branded or not, she was owned by the property of Gen. James Wilkinson and owned by the name of the "Mare". Whoever will deliver said mare to the subscriber, living in Lexington, shall receive TWO DOLLARS reward. NICHOLAS LAFON
RAN away from the subscriber at Lexington on the 15th of June, two negro men named Jim and Lewis, they are nearly of one size, a on five feet six or eight inches high, stout, will be of a healthy looking build, and very black complexion, between twenty and thirty years old: they were bred to the carpenters business, at which one is a very good and handy fellow; the other a good sawyer, and awkward at any other part of the business, they have their last winters suit of clothes that are much worn, and some of the cloth that have been worn by myself of a brown and black colour: As they were lately moved from Cumberland county in Virginia, they may endeavour to pass through the wilderness to the place of their nativity. I will give the above reward for each or a proportion of it. 456 B. WILSON.
 Broad cloth, half-thicks.  Rose and flap checks.  Father-veke and calimancoes.  Fustians, panes and cambrics.  Mouselin de laine.  Irish and Irish linen.  Perfumes, mops and sewing silk.  Twill and fine duad.  Lawmen cotton and Irish handkerchiefs.  Long lawn, chintz and calicoes.  Silk stockings, mens and womens gloves.  Broad and narrow bandings.  Black and flowered ribbons.  Wool hats and sewing needles.  Tape and garters.  Bands and iron wire.  Sleeve buttons, coat and jacket ditto.  Pen knives and knives and forks.  Fils, raps, darning and knitting needles.  HL rings, plane irons and centre bits.  Horse flams, plated and steel spurs.  Wrestling boots, country made pickles.  She and knee buckles.  Tumblers, decanters and vinegar cruets.  Pewter buttons and plates, Tea pots.  Writing paper and blank books.  Stationery, printing books and primers.  Wartspalms and other books of divinity.  Psalms, hymns, campme, brush oil, Animony.  Tea, coffee, chocolate and loaf sugar, together with a number of other articles too tedious to enumerate. 
TWO DOLLARS REWARD.
Strayed away from Mr. Andrew Gatewood's plantation near Lexington, on Tuesday the 24th inst. a red sorrel mare, about 14 hands and an half high, shod all round, branded on the near buttock IP, hanging mane and switch tail, the person that delivers her to Genl. Wilkinson shall be paid two dollars by 456 JOHN PURVANCE.
FOR SALE
A tract of land containing 1400 acres on the waters of the north fork of Licking, lying on the road from Limestone to the lower blue licks; being Mays settlement and preemption and includes Mays lick, good bonds on persons in this district or on persons in the Eastern part of Virginia will be received in payment, and I will warrant the title. 456 HARRY INNES
The Partnership of John and Fiddling Bradford, is this day dissolved by mutual consent; therefore all persons indebted to them, are requested to make immediate payment, that they may be enabled to close their accounts. They flatter themselves that nothing more than this information is necessary to induce every person in arrears, to comply with their request. J. & F. BRADFORD. Lexington June 3 1788.
N.B. The Printing business will be continued by the public most obliged, and very humble servant, JOHN BRADFORD. Lexington, June 3 1788.
I do hereby forewarn all persons from taking an assignment of two bonds I gave Squire Boone, the one for one hundred and thirty pounds, the other for one hundred pounds, both payable in property; As I have discharged both bonds, I take this method to prevent any imposture. 457 RALPH VANCLEAVE. TWO DOLLARS REWARD.
Strayed from the subscriber, about the middle of May last, a sorrel mare, ten or eleven years old, thirteen or fourteen hands high, a white mane and tail, several saddle spots, was shod all round when she went away; Any person delivering her to the owner in Lexington, or securing her so that he may get her, shall have the above reward. WILLIAM PARKER.
Extract of a letter from the Hon. Judge Symme of New Jersey to his friend in Kentucky. I have succeeded in my application to Congress for a grant of land on the federal side of the Ohio, but instead of taking it, on the Wabash as I proposed when with you, I have taken all the lands between the Miami rivers for about eighty miles up in the country, I pay therefor two thirds of a dollar per acre in certificates, and will sell as I give, save the addition of one penny per acre for surveying, and one farthing per acre for other fees locating &c. this makes the land come very low, I take it for granted that I must have your good wishes, as a settlement once effected on the Miami, must ever after render your country secure from Indians. I therefore expect not only your prayers and good wishes but that you will actually set on foot a subscription in favour of the new settlement, I mean sir, that you should if you please, collect the names of such as are willing to become purchasers or settlers. All Military men of the late Continental Army may have their bounty lands with me and I shall have some lands to give away to the poor and adventurous as I expect, for every purchaser who does not settle in the country in two years, to lose a sixth part of his lands, to be bestowed on such as will settle, in moderate allowances.
All persons who are willing to become purchasers or settlers upon the above terms, will please to transmit their names and quantity of acres with their place of abode to Thomas Mathis, who will give Judge Symme a list of the same.

LONDON.
Extract of a letter from Constantinople, dated January 25.
The most remarkable accident which has occurred in this capital in the course of the last 15 days is an extreme variation in the temperature of the weather; on the 12th instant, it was mild and open for the season, and since remarkably stormy and intensely cold. This change has not yet produced the desired effect of stopping the contagion, which continues to manifest itself in most quarters of this city and its suburbs. The mortality has, however, sensibly decreased in the bagnio, where about 200 slaves, mostly Albanian prisoners, have been carried off not by want of proper care, but owing to their obstinacy, one of whom refused to treat the plague with the mallet, by inoculation, by which he might have saved his life, and prevented the contagion.
The Italian ambassador, in his route of about 300 persons, of which, who were lodged in Constantinople, are now released under 50. In his return he has by chance met, the moulded removed in a secret room on the Atlantic side, where he is dangerously ill; in short, it is highly probable that from the effects of cold and the plague, even the people will return to their native country.
Maxims for republics.
1. THERE is a material difference between the principles and form of a government. We judge of the principles of a government by our freedom, and of its form by our reason. The bulk of mankind are judges of the principles of a government, whether it be free and happy. Men of education and reflection only, are judges of the form of a government, whether it be calculated to promote the happiness of society, by restraining arbitrary power and licentiousness, by excluding corruption, and by giving the utmost possible duration to the enjoyment of liberty, or otherwise. Forms in government, are not like forms in religion. They are essential to the very existence of freedom, and to government. There cannot be a greater mistake than Mr. Pope's position, that "that form of government is best which is best administered."
2. There is a wide difference between power being derived from the people, and being seated in the people. The former proposition cannot be too often inculcated in a free country. Disorder and tyranny must ensue from all power being seated in the bulk of the people.
3. The great art of government, says the bishop of St. Asaph, is not to govern too much. This excellent maxim should be written in golden characters over the door of every state-house.
4. The opinions of the people at large, are of an enormous weight - their feelings are generally right.
5. Some men think that tyranny can be opposed only in the person of a king, but this is a mistake. The "ardor civium prava subentem" is as much to be dreaded as the "vultus inflatus tyranni." The latter are men who are undaunted in their opposition to a single tyrant, who are not withstanding, the slaves of the prejudices and passions of the people.
6. It is wrong, to measure a man's love of liberty by his zeal, or by the degrees of hunger and cold he has endured in serving his country. Who fought and suffered more than Cromwell; and yet in what history of mankind shall we find a worse man? There were in former times matters to religion without charity - so there are, in all countries, matters to liberty without patriotism.
7. The great source of all the evils which afflict republics is, that we are too apt to make choice of rulers, who are either politicians without being patriots, or patriots without being politicians.
8. The science of government is the most sublime (next to religion) of any science in the world. It relates to the most complicated of all God's works the mind of man. It is less understood than astronomy, and yet where do we find a man so modest, as not to think himself equal to every branch of it? We know no more of taxes - commerce, war, and crimes and punishments - as objects of legislation, than was known 500 years ago. We read history not to avoid, but to imitate the blunders of antiquity.
9. A good husband, a good father, and a good master is a proper character for a monarchy where selfishness reigns in proportion to the degrees of tyranny. A good citizen is the highest character for a man in a republic. The first duty we owe is to God, the second to our country, and the third to our family. The man who invents the production of the latter, breaks in upon the order of nature established by God for the happiness and freedom of the world.
10. It is of the utmost importance, that the women should be well instructed in the principles of liberty in a republic. Some of the first patriots of ancient time, were formed by their mothers. The strength and union of parties, the ambition, the wealth, and even the popularity of individuals, should be carefully watched and properly restrained in all republics. The cheerful charity to the poor, which is dangerous to the liberties of a community. The people of Rome were corrupted by large presents of corn. The effects of excessive popularity in an individual, are still more to be dreaded in a republic. The ostracism of Athens was instituted to prevent the great danger to liberty which an eminent character creates.
11. Fear is the principle of despotic governments - honor of monarchies - but virtue alone should be the ruling principle in republics. Laws, and not opinions, should govern all in free countries. The re-enactment of individuals should vent itself only through courts of justice, and never through the medium of riot, club, or duels. This last monarchical custom of deciding disputes, or avenging injuries, was unknown in the republican army of Oliver Cromwell - and has never been able to gain a footing in the republics of Switzerland.
12. Every man in power will be a tyrant as far as he is able to resist. The best antidote will not be able to resist the corruption of high office. Cromwell's army was composed of republicans and yet they overthrew the civil power of their country. No man has a frequent rotation in the first offices in a republic can preserve or perpetuate liberty.
SIDNEY.
Causes of the decay of the republic.
I. The first is, when a people are so situated, as that the natural resources of the country are not sufficient for the inhabitants, but foreign nations into other countries.
II. The second cause is, the industry of the people in working up all their native resources to the last degree of subsistence.
III. The third is, the competency of false arts and larceny, to carry out their own power as a manufactured, and being in those of others as a natural resource, as the nature of natural commerce will allow.
IV. The fourth is, that the natives should as much as possible, export and import their goods in vessels of their own country.
V. The fifth is, since trade with all foreign countries, which will support them, except those that are at war with their own state.
VI. The sixth is, if foreign nations made with the own country, for colony, they are not a free people.
VII. The seventh is, by improvement of land, encouragement of agriculture, and thereby increasing the number of people, without which in any country, however blessed by nature, will be in time poor.
VIII. The eighth is, by the fact that all effects of honour and profit or trade owing to the natives, or at least with very few exceptions, where strangers have long inhabited the country, and are prepared to understand and regard the interests of it as their own.
IX. The ninth is, when the rents of lands, and profits of employments are given to the country which produced them, and no part in a manner, the former of which will certainly happen, where the love of our native country prevails.
X. The tenth is, by the public revenues being all spent at home, except on the occasion of a foreign war.
XI. The eleventh is, when the people are not obliged, unless for their own convenience, to receive any monies except of their own coinage, by a public mint, after the manner of all civilized nations.
XII. The twelfth is, a disposition in the people of a country to WEAR THEIR OWN MANUFACTURES, and to cut as few incitements to luxury, either in clothes, furniture, food, or wine, as they can conveniently live without.
THREE DOLLARS REWARD.
STRAYED from the re-g-b with odd Lexington, a dark sorrel horse, about six years old, fourteen hands and a half high, a small star in his forehead, a long twitch tail, paces, was seen on the office road about two months ago; Whoever gives notice, or brings said horse to Col. Patten in Lexington shall receive the above reward.
J. T. SLATER.
LEXINGTON, July 5.
Yesterday being the Anniversary of the declaration of the independence of America, it was celebrated in this town with the greatest festivity.
A numerous and respectable company of Ladies and Gentlemen assembled at Col. Thomas Youngs tavern, where an elegant entertainment was prepared for the occasion; dinner served, the following ode composed by a gentleman of this place, was sung to the tune of "Rule Britannia" the company joining in cheerful chorus.
AN ODE, written at Lexington in Kentucky, for the 4th of July, 1776.
I.
WHEN the Almighty gave Cesars blood, and gave a birth; The choir of Angels hail'd our birth, The land most favoured of the Earth. 'Hail, Freedom! Freedom, thou shalt be 'For ever great, most blest and free.'
II.
'High as the Clouds, whose swelling pride O'ercreats the torrents quick'stly rise; 'So high be the realm of Rome that's well 'Thy name, with a burning Pride. 'Well, Freedom! for ever be thy name 'The theme of never dying Fame.'
III.
'Till last times, thy team be call'd, 'By liberal Heaven's great commands, 'Shall on the talents unexhausted 'Send plenty to land and land. 'Hail, Freedom! Freedom thou shalt be 'For ever great, most blest and free.'
The following Toasts and Sentiments the officers of the battalions of Lexington were then drank in common with a charge of fourteen rifles a each other, and in the evening an elegant Ball with suitable refreshments concluded the social entertainment.
The elegance, order, and decorum with which every part of the entertainment was conducted contributed greatly to the harmony of the day and do honor to the Gentlemen who had the management of it.
Toasts & Sentiments, for the day.
 1st. THE United States of America.  2nd. The Western world, perpetual Union, of principles of equality, or amicable Separation.  3rd. The illustrious General WASHINGTON Esq. may his services be remembered.  4th. The Navigation of the Mississippi, at any price but that of Liberty.  5th. Harmony with Spain, and a reciprocity of good offices.  6th. Our Brethren at Muskingum, and prosperity to their Establishments.  7th. May the Savage enemies of America, be chastised by Arms, and the robbing system of Treaties be exposed.  8th. The Convention of Virginia; may Wisdom, Prudence, and a fixed regard to the fundamental principles of the Revolution, guide her Councils.  9th. Energetic Government, on Federal principles.  10th. Trial by Jury, liberty of the Press, and no standing Army.  11th. May the Atlantic States be lost, the Western States be free, and both be happy.  12th. The memory of departed Heroes and Patriots.  13th. No paper Money; no Tender Laws, and no Legislative interference in private Contracts.  14th. The Commonwealth of Kentucky, the fourteenth luminary in the American Constellation may be added upon the original States, the wisdom she has borrowed from them. 
Lexington, July 4, 1776