The Providence journal, and town and country advertiser (Providence [R.I.]), 1799-01-16 00:00:00

ccccc The Providence Journal. AND TOWN AND COUNTRY ADVERTISER.
* Published on WEDNESDAYS, by JOHN CARTER, JUN. at the NEW PRINTING-OFFICE, West Side of the great Bridge, PROVIDENCE.
[ No. 3. ]
WEDNESDAY, January 16, 1799.
[ Vol. I. ]
ADDRESS
Of the SENATE of PENNSYLVANIA, To the PRESIDENT of the UNITED STATES.
SIR, THE Senate of Pennsylvania, sensible of your many arduous and important duties, would neither claim a portion of your time or attention, did they not consider it incumbent on them, at a crisis of our public affairs so interesting as now presents itself, to express the sentiments they entertain respecting the conduct of the French government, and the consequent measures adopted during your administration.
The People of the United States, attached to the French nation, and ardent in the cause of rational freedom, once found it difficult to restrain their sympathy and affection within the boundary which, as a neutral nation, it was their duty to respect; even when reiterated injuries had, in some degree, awakened them to a consciousness of their own situation, their feelings were rather those of regret than of resentment: They believed that the pressure of momentary circumstances, and the imperious impulses of necessity, had occasioned their sufferings, and were disposed to regard with a friendly eye the smallest advances towards a reconciliation.
The continued aggressions of the French republic rendered it impossible to remain under this delusion; our government has been traduced and insulted in the seditious publications of the French agents in this country; the most flagrant attempts have been made to sow division among the people of the United States; our commerce, carried on under the sanction of solemn treaties and the laws of nations, has been pillaged to an enormous amount; our seamen have been ignominiously thrown into prison; our offers of peace have been haughtily rejected, and our envoys treated with contumely; demands of tribute have been insolently made, and in case of refusal we have been threatened with the fate of nations which have been bartered away, or degraded from the rank of sovereign powers, into the condition of satellites to the French Republic.
Under this accumulated oppression, acquiescence would have been inconsistent with our safety, and patience would have degenerated into pusillanimity. We contemplate, therefore, with the highest approbation, the wisdom with which you have foreseen the danger, and the firmness with which you have resisted its approach. Under an administration so well conducted, we entertain a firm reliance that the people of these states may equally defy the poison of foreign intrigue, or the violence of foreign power.
That any change of men or measures, on our part, compatible with the dignity of an independent and self-governed nation, would have secured a continuance of harmony with the French Republic, we regard as a fallacy, invented and propagated by designing men, too palpable to receive the assent of any whose minds have not been previously corrupted by prejudice, or obscured by ignorance. We rejoice to find that our constituents are fully aware of the pernicious tendency of foreign influence, and impressed with the deepest detestation of the conduct of those, who, by an officious interference in our foreign relations, have traitorously attempted to wrest the administration of our public affairs from the hands in which the constitution of our country, and the suffrages of a free and enlightened people, governed in their choice by a knowledge of tried virtue and eminent talents, have justly placed it.
Should an appeal to arms be found necessary to preserve our liberty, or vindicate our rights, be assured, that the citizens of Pennsylvania, as they have eminently partaken the benefits resulting from the operation of the general Government, and are impressed with an unabated confidence in the virtue and intelligence of its administration, will not be found backward in hazarding their fortunes and their lives, to insure continuance to the one, and support to the other.
Independently of the personal esteem your private virtues command, as lovers of our country we cannot but indulge ourselves in the pleasing hope, that you may long continue in the enjoyment of health, and be enabled, during many years, to fill your exalted station with undiminished honour to yourself, and increasing happiness to the American people.
To which the PRESIDENT made the following REPLY:
To the Senate of Pennsylvania.
GENTLEMEN, I FEEL myself under the strongest obligations to the Senate of Pennsylvania for this excellent address, in which, with no less wisdom and precision, than gravity and dignity, they have expressed the sentiments they entertain respecting the conduct of the French government, and the consequent measures adopted during my administration.
It was not at all unnatural, that the people of the United States should once have found it difficult to restrain their sympathy with the French
nation within the boundary which, as a neutral nation, it was their duty to respect. Men who have once been under the hard necessity of having recourse to resistance in arms, in opposition to their own established habits of obedience, in defence of their own rights, are apt to feel a veneration for all men, who think themselves so much aggrieved as to be obliged to draw their swords in defence of what they esteem their rights, without enquiring at first very minutely, whether rightfully or not.
Without entering into any investigation at present, concerning the rectitude of the measures taken at the commencement of the late revolution in France, and whatever may be the judgment of history, it is scarcely possible at this day for any man whose impartiality is not wholly absorbed by passion and prejudice, to mistake in their judgments of the late conduct of the French republic, towards many other nations as well as our own. There is but little difference of sentiment at this moment in Europe or America.
Whether any change of men or measures on our part would have secured a continuance of harmony with the French Republic, even at the expence and hazard of a certain war with her enemies, may be conjectured from the effects of changes of men and measures, made under her dictates, in all the republics of Europe, which have fallen victims to their complaisance.
I rejoice with you to find, that your constituents are fully aware of the pernicious tendency of foreign influence, and impressed with the deepest detestation of the conduct of those, who, by an officious interference in our foreign relations, have as meanly as presumptuously attempted to wrest the administration of our public affairs from the hands in which the constitution of our country, and the suffrages of a free people, have placed it.
Your acknowledgements that the citizens of Pennsylvania have eminently partaken the benefits resulting from the operation of the general government, and are impressed with an unabated confidence in its administration, are as honourable to that government, as your decided assurance, that should an appeal to arms be found necessary to preserve our liberty and vindicate our rights, they will not be found backward in hazarding their fortunes and lives, are honourable to themselves.
The testimony of the Senate of Pennsylvania, of their personal esteem for my private character, as it is highly honourable to me, has excited a tender sensibility, and requires my most respectful thanks. May you long continue, Gentlemen, in the enjoyment of health, and during many years to fill your high stations with honour to yourselves, and increasing happiness to the people of Pennsylvania in particular, and the union in general.
JOHN ADAMS.
December 28, 1798.
POLITICAL REFLECTIONS,
For JANUARY 1, 1799.
AMIDST the agitations of Europe, the United States seem to be the peculiar care of a kind Providence. From the beginning of the mad career of France, to this hour, the measures of her government have been calculated to destroy her marine force, the only effectual weapon by which she is enabled greatly to annoy our country. By withdrawing her commerce from the ocean, and at one time restraining private armed vessels, she most fatally destroyed her nurseries of seamen, and now she cannot replace them. Her navy is destitute of experienced commanders and seamen. Had the United States opened their eyes to true policy, in 1794 and 1795, we should have had before this a naval force that would have preserved most of the millions our merchants have lost, and competent to our present defence. This is our own fault. A stupid blindness and credulity lulled asleep a numerous party in America; and we were on the brink of sharing the fate of Geneva and Switzerland.
The publication of the dispatches, opening the eyes of our citizens to their own danger, and to the nefarious corruption, intrigues and designs of the French government, came like a miracle from heaven, just in time to avert the impending evil.
Notwithstanding our own tardiness to believe the wicked views of France, we have yet time to prepare to repel any hostile attacks. The ambition and rapaciousness of France will not let the nations of Europe rest in peace. To avoid universal subjugation, they must combine to resist her, and this will give the United States time to create the means of protection. The weakness of the marine of France, which will not acquire strength under the lopping qualities of the British navy, together with the full employment of her hungry soldiers in Europe, render our situation, for a time at least, tranquil, and we are to avail ourselves of this opportunity to establish the only means necessary and effectual for defence, a NAVY.
We are not to be alarmed at the expence. We have double the people, and double the means of creating and maintaining a navy, which Holland possessed when, under Van Tromp and de Ruy-
ter, she disputed almost successfully the empire of the ocean with England. It requires union and energy in our councils to lay the plan and to pursue it; but we have the means, if we have the spirit to call them into action, of raising a marine force in a few years, adequate to our protection.
It appears that our revenues are increasing, notwithstanding our losses on the seas. They must increase, for our population and industry are increasing; they will continue to increase. No country on earth ever exhibited or ever could exhibit the same rapid augmentation of resources, for none ever possessed the same unlimited means of increasing population. The improvements in British agriculture and manufactures have, within a century, increased her exports from seven millions sterling to near thirty; or about four for one. But it is a certain fact, that the exports of America have increased nearly in that proportion in ten years. The increase in peace, will not be so rapid; but we may for a century calculate on doubling our exports, of course our imports and revenues, once in about ten or twelve years. A phenomenon like this is a novelty in the history of finance and commerce: and it ought to banish the party fears of our countrymen about the expenses of a navy; at the same time it should inspire all parties with a confidence in ourselves, and a conscious pride in our station and importance, which should forbid all degrading concessions to foreign powers.
[Spectator.]
From THE FARMER'S JOURNAL.
MORAL REFLECTIONS, On the NEW YEAR.
HAVING entered as upon the threshold of another year, gratitude and virtue unite in demanding from us some correspondent reflections. Many of our friends and acquaintances, with whom we have been conversant, have been removed from the world, and ushered into the unknown scenes of eternity. In every year, we are called to feel the loss of those who were near and dear to us, either as friends, relations or connections.
TIME, pregnant with wonders, returns not. With incident trials, it advances; introducing at their proper periods, the all wise and incomprehensible designs of the Creator of universal nature. Our days and years are at God's disposal. "Our times are in the hands of God." Our lives have been protected to the present period through God's goodness and forbearance. In the course of the last year, many in Europe have lost their lives in war, and many in our own country, have been called to combat with the King of Terrors; having been visited with epidemic and contagious disorders. That we are saved amidst the general convulsion of nations, and delivered from the arrows of death, made fatal by war and destructive disorders, demands from us sincere gratitude, accompanied with pious hearts, to our Gracious Benefactor. The period is not far distant, when we must follow the multitude who have gone before us: Perhaps the period, or periods at which some of us must leave this world, are included in the present year. The present life is short; it is always uncertain. We ought, therefore, ever to act with reference to another world. That we are immortal, is demonstrated from the existence and perfections of Deity; from the nature of his present moral government; from our own natural dread of non-existence; from our aspiring capacities and desires, and from the concurring opinion of the pious and reflecting, among all religious sects, in every nation and age. Conscious of our own immortality, we should be emulous to conduct according to the dignity of our nature, and perfections of that state for which we were created. Friendship and benevolence, proceeding from virtuous hearts, are graces which we should assiduously cultivate. God is universally benevolent. In the final result of all things, when years shall cease to be numbered, and Time shall be swallowed up in eternity, we have reason to believe, that love and happiness will then be restored to the whole rational system. In the displays of love divine, and in the exercise of unity and friendship, heaven itself consists. To be benevolent, kind and friendly, is therefore to imitate the conduct of heavenly beings. A few years, at the longest, will bring all present contentions, discord, hatred, malice and evil speaking, whether in nations, churches, or among individuals, to an end. How warm are most of the disputes among mankind: and how trifling do they appear, from the lofty spheres of heaven, from which the celestial hosts contemplate terrestrial affairs! Laying aside every discordant affection, and cultivating a virtuous charity, with true benevolence and friendship, let us devote the remainder of our days and years in regarding with filial obedience the laws of our Creator; serving Him with upright hearts, and doing good unto one another: Then shall we, through the intervening, atoning and most compassionate dispensation of mercy, be received to the paradisaical abodes of Heaven: Then shall we hail the Light of a NEW YEAR, ever serene and happy, coeval with the ages of eternity.
PHILANTHROPIST.
NEW-YEAR'S WISH. ***** to his WIFE.
ONCE more, my blest ELIZA, hath a Year closed its existence, and the dawn of a new one brings with it smiles and good wishes, felicity and mutual congratulations. As if the elapsed year had been unfriendly to us, or unworthy of remembrance, we bid it adieu with indifference, and it passes away "with those beyond the flood," unaccompanied with a single sigh of regret.—Why are we so hasty to welcome a stranger (the duration of whose life is already determined) with songs of rejoicing? He too, now hailed with transport, shall, like his predecessor, expire unlamented; and another shall succeed—perhaps unnoticed by me—and roll his course over my humble grave!—Uncertain is the state of man! twelve months ago, my beloved wife, how many of our friends and acquaintances were healthy and happy—looking forward to distant scenes of felicity—planning schemes—anticipating the attainment of their wishes, and willing to annihilate all time between the PRO-MISES OF HOPE, and the FULFILMENT OF FRUITION!—Where are they now?—with thousands of other human beings, they are now mouldering beneath the cold clods of the valley! This anniversary may be the last either of us may live to see. Let then, Oh! dearest and most lovely of women, the pleasure we feel on the return of the First of January, be mingled with serious, not melancholy reflections—let me resolve to be, and you to continue VIRTUOUS, and the approach of death will be rather desired than deprecated.—To the good, the grave is but the gate to immortality—the portal of Paradise. Every moment is a gem of precious value, put into our hands to be improved to our advantage, and to the glory of God. They who hide it in a napkin, or employ it to base and wicked purposes, will be called to a severe account, to the tribunal of the Supreme Judge of angels and of men. May we, on that awful day, deserve the reward of good and faithful servants, and for our fidelity secure an hundred fold. For you, dear object of my tenderest solicitude, I wish the greatest share of felicity that heaven ever bestowed upon a mortal, o that the joys of another world to thee, most amiable of women, would seem but a gradual accession to your happiness.—A long, long life, well improved, splendid with great and good deeds, cheered by the effervescence of universal friendship, and closed with the blessings of all—and many will that number be—who know your inestimable value, and will not only mourn, but suffer for your loss!—And may, so long as that life lasts, your love for an adoring husband continue, a husband whose adoration and esteem for you—can cease but with his breath!
PROVIDENCE, Jan. 12.
On Wednesday last the Grand Royal Arch Chapter of the Northern States of America met in this town. On Thursday, by invitation from the Providence Royal Arch Chapter, they dined at Mr. Aldrich's inn; where the following Masonic toasts were given.
1. The Grand Royal Arch Chapter of the Northern States. 2. The Deputy G. Royal Arch Chapters, and the Chapters under their jurisdiction. 3. May our favourite motto govern the actions of every Royal Arch Mason. 4. May the pass-word of our Order be engraven upon every heart, and lead us in the pursuit of wisdom and virtue. 5. May our Chapters be schools of virtue, repositories of ancient wisdom, and temples of peace, in which experienced craftsmen may be promoted to honour, and receive a reward. 6. May we remember, that in the trials we have passed, our confidence in the Supreme Architect was our support. 7. May our Order become as conspicuous for its liberality and charity, as for its antiquity. 8. Our three Grand Masters, and our Grand Master at Mount-Vernon. 9. The stone which the builders rejected. 10. The Grand Lodge of the State of Rhode-Island. May its first fruits be dedicated to the honour of Royal Arch Masonry. 11. May the faithful and unbending never pass the sacred veil, or view the brightness of a burning bush. 12. May they fear where no fear is, who speak evil of—they know not what.
13. To him who all things understand, To him who furnish'd stone and wood, To him who nobly spilt his blood, In doing well his duty:
We bless the age, and bless the morn, On which these three great men were born, Who did the Temple thus adorn With wisdom, strength and beauty.
At half past three, P.M. they returned in procession to the hall, after which the Grand Chapter was again opened, and the following Grand Officers were unanimously elected.
Ephraim Kirby, Esq; of Litchfield (Connecticut) Grand High Priest. Benjamin Hurd, jun. of Charlestown (Massachusetts) Grand King. Thomas S. Webb, of Albany (New-York) Grand Scribe. William Woart, of Boston (Massachusetts) Grand Secretary. Rev. Abraham L. Clarke, of Providence (Rhode-Island) Grand Chaplain. Joseph Huntington, of Norwich (Connecticut) Grand Treasurer. And John C. Tenbroeck, Esq; of Hudson (New-York) Grand Marshal.

LETTER
From the SECRETARY of the NAVY, to the CHAIRMAN of the Committee on the Naval Establishment, with sundry Estimates relative to the expence of building and equipping certain
VESSELS OF WAR,
FOR THE SERVICE OF THE UNITED STATES.
Navy Department, 29th Dec. 1798.
SIR,
I HAVE given to the enquiries you have done me the honour, as Chairman of a Committee of the House of Representatives, to make of me, all the consideration my desire to comply promptly with the wishes of the committee would permit; and now proceed, with great diffidence, to submit the result.
The protection of our coast, the security of our extensive country from invasion in some of its weaker parts, the safety of our important commerce, and our future peace, when the maritime nations of Europe war with each other, all seem to demand that our naval force should be augmented—so much augmented, indeed, as to make the most powerful nations desire our friendship, the most unprincipled respect our neutrality. The peaceful character of America will afford to the world sufficient security, that we shall not be easily provoked to carry war into the country of an enemy; and it will become the wisdom of America to provide a cheap defence to keep it from our own.
Twelve ships of 74 guns, as many frigates, and twenty or thirty smaller vessels, would probably be found (our geographical situation and our means of annoying the trade of the maritime powers considered) a force sufficient to insure our future peace with the nations of Europe. It would not, perhaps, be hazarding too much to say, that had we possessed this force a few years ago, we should not have lost, by depredations on our trade, four times the sum necessary to have created and maintained it, during the whole time the war has existed in Europe. If we do not profit by experience, and put ourselves in a situation to relent insult, and punish aggression, nothing is more likely than that in less than half a dozen years, another occasion may be presented for a repetition of the same mortifying observation. In another and still more interesting view of this subject, mutual safety was a leading motive, and must ever remain a strong cement of our union. Whether this security can be afforded, unless we are able to command our own coast; and whether the union of all the states can long be preserved without it, are questions which merit the most serious and attentive consideration of American legislators. I forbear to dwell on this fruitful, perhaps delicate topic.
However, to attend to our more pressing concerns: We cannot feel entirely secure that we are not to be exposed to great calamities from the ambition or animosity of France, until a considerable addition be made to our naval force. If twelve ships, of 74 guns, are added to our navy, an invasion of any part of our country would be rendered so difficult, that it would scarcely be attempted; for it is not possible to conceive that France could promise herself any advantage by an invasion of this country, equal to the enormous expence, and still more enormous risk, if we should be so prepared to resist her. She would be obliged to employ more than double the number of ships of equal force, to convoy her armies, provisions and stores, and to keep the communication open between her armies and her own country. France can calculate, and will calculate, the loss and probable gain of her enterprizes. When she finds that she cannot deceive us; that she cannot arm our citizens to carry on her work of subjugation—insolent and unfounded expectation!—that we are determined on manly resistance; and that we take vigorous measures to put ourselves in a proper posture of defence; even France, with all her pride, and all her heroism, will consult her interest, and avoid war with America; and, like other nations, she will discover, that it will not only be just, but politic, to indulge us in our favourite wish, of preserving peace with all the world.
Thus, then, in whatever view the subject is considered; whether our object be to prevent invasion, to protect our commerce, to obtain a speedy and a proper peace, to maintain peace hereafter, or, by affording security to every part of our country, to guard against the long train of ills which must result from disunion; the wisest, cheapest, and most peaceable means of obtaining the end we aim at, will be prompt and vigorous measures for the creation of a navy, sufficient for defence, but not for conquest.
The United States are doubtless able to bear any expence necessary for their present safety and their future tranquillity. No country increases so fast in population and resources, and no country can incur a debt, with such an absolute certainty of discharging it, without laying new burthens on the people. Our revenue, arising from the impost and other sources, must increase in proportion to the increase of population; and as the increase of the latter is certain, no country ever had less to fear, from the consequences of incurring any debt, necessary for defence and safety.
On the subject of procuring ships of 74 guns, we probably have it in our option to buy them or to build them. The former will be the most expeditious mode of procuring them, but the latter, if the pressure of our affairs will admit, will be the most honourable, and the most advantageous for our country. If we buy them from a foreign nation, it is not to be expected we shall be able to procure those of the best quality; and the sum given for them will not be kept at home, and distributed among our own citizens, but will operate against us, in an unfavourable balance of trade. My own idea is, that we certainly ought to build the vessels, in preference to purchasing them; that immediate measures
should be taken to secure all the necessary timber; but that the President should be authorized to obtain, as the exigency of our affairs may require, twelve ships of 74 guns, by purchase or otherwise. If it should be found necessary to procure them sooner than they can be built, the timber may be preserved, by docking, until those purchased decay, or for a century, if it should not be sooner wanted.
The estimates herewith will show the expence of building and equipping twelve ships of 74 guns, and six brigs or schooners, to mount not exceeding eighteen guns. The latter would be highly useful in scouring the West-Indies, and we have not a sufficient proportion of vessels of this size. Three of the largest of the 24 gun ships might be converted into frigates of 32 guns. The whole annual expence of maintaining the navy would then be, 5,383,540 6
The annual expence of the existing navy is 2,434,261 10
The difference would be the annual expence of the proposed addition, 2,949,279 6
In times of peace, a small proportion of this sum would be sufficient to keep the ships in a state of preservation.
Every material article for the building and equipment of ships of war, copper excepted, and probably copper also, may be procured, the growth or manufacture of our own country. It is true, that we have heretofore used cordage made of hemp of foreign growth, and imported canvas; and these articles constitute, if wear and tear be included, one third of the expence of building, equipping and rigging our vessels of war. But manufactures of canvas have been heretofore established in the eastern States, and with proper public encouragement may be revived, and made to supply at least the public demand; and it is most certain that any quantity of hemp can be raised on the Ohio and Mississippi, the Susquehanna, the Potomac, James River, and other parts of the United States, if the growers of it are assured of a ready market, and at a price less than that given for imported hemp; though if the prices of cordage and canvas, the entire growth and manufacture of the country, should be found at first a little dearer than the imported, the good policy of paying the difference to our own citizens, to render ourselves independent of foreign countries for articles so essential to our defence, cannot for a moment be doubted.
Timber can at present be had in almost every part of the United States, but in the greatest abundance, and of the best quality, on the Chesapeake Bay, and the waters which empty into it—and in the southern States. The live oak of Georgia is thought to be almost indispensable in the construction of our largest ships, to be used in those parts most subject to decay; but the white oak of the Chesapeake is not greatly inferior. It is however highly desirable, to use the live oak of Georgia as long as it can be obtained more especially in the ships built eastward of the Chesapeake—and by a proper mixture of this timber with that of the growth of the country, good vessels may be built in every part of our country.
The islands on the coast of Georgia, on which the live oak is found, are supposed to be more healthy than the main land near the coast—they are also thought to be very important for the production of cotton—hence this valuable timber is becoming scarce every where, convenient to water transportation. Two methods suggest themselves for obtaining supplies, beyond the immediate demand. To buy one or two of the most valuable islands, and cause the timber to be preserved for the future uses of the navy; or to purchase the timber as the islands are cleared by the owners, and have it transported to the places fixed on for building our ships, and docked until it be wanted. With respect to a purchase, the lands are held at prices greatly beyond what was the supposed value of them a few years ago; and it is believed they have become less valuable for public purposes, in consequence of the efforts which have been made, and are daily making, to clear them for cultivation.
On the subject of other kinds of timber, possibly when it is seen by the citizens, that it is worth preserving, it may be sufficient to trust in a great degree to their attention to private interest, for the preservation of a quantity equal to the public demand. It would, however, be prudent to expend one hundred thousand dollars, in a way to secure enough of the white oak and yellow pine, both of which are indispensable in the construction of good vessels, to last the public, in aid of supplies from individuals, for ages—100,000 dollars could be so laid out, and I believe the expenditure would be judicious.
No extraordinary means are necessary to be used for procuring naval and military stores, except the articles of hemp, canvas and copper. Cannon can be made in many of the states equal to any that could be obtained from foreign countries; also muskets and bayonets, pistols, swords, boarding pikes, and indeed every other article necessary for ships of war.
Although copper mines are found in many parts of the country, yet the most certain means of procuring present supplies will be by importation. The enterprising spirit of the merchants has heretofore furnished enough for the public demand, and may be trusted to for future supplies, so far as may be necessary for the ships now contemplated to be added to our navy. It is to be presumed, that before more ships are wanted, and possibly before any that may now be authorized are in a state to require the copper, means may be devised for obtaining it in the United States.
Docks will be highly necessary in repairing our ships, to avoid the tedious, expensive, and sometimes dangerous operation of heaving down. They can undoubtedly be made in the eastern States, where the tides rise very considerably:—probably in New-Hampshire, Massachusetts or Rhode-Island. Whether they can be made with
equal advantage, or to answer valuable purposes, to the southward of Rhode-Island, or New-York, I cannot form any accurate judgment, from any information I possess:—though it would unquestionably be a great public advantage to have a dock near the entrance into the Chesapeake Bay, and another still further south, if circumstances will admit. Docks for repairing ships ought to be convenient to the sea, and yet not easily accessible to an enemy. Yards for building the ships, where large quantities of materials would be deposited (the destruction of which would always be an object with an enemy) should be, according to the opinion of Mr. Humphreys, a gentleman of considerable science, and experience in naval architecture—"in the vicinity of a commercial city, for the convenience of procuring able workmen—within the reach of good white oak timber—in fresh water, where timber may be deposited without danger from the worm; on a river running east and west, or nearly so, with a high bank, and where the harbour is secure from fresher and stormy weather, out of the reach of an enemy—and near a good stream of water, 18 or 20 feet higher than the surface of the river, for the convenience of making lock docks, sawing timber, and for many other valuable uses."
Perhaps the most expeditious mode of building ships immediately wanted, will be to set them up in several different places, and by such means avail ourselves of the resources of different parts of the country. I am by no means certain that this method will not also be the most economical under present circumstances, and with little seasoned timber in the country: and it will certainly distribute more equally among all the states the advantages which may arise from supplying the materials and the labour. But the subject being new, I am not possessed of sufficient information to state with precision where these places ought to be. At a future time, when the pressure may be less, and our experience greater, two or three places, uniting the greatest number of advantages, may be fixed on for building all the large ships of the U. States.
The mode heretofore pursued for obtaining naval stores for the ships in public service, has been to get such supplies on the spot as could be procured on moderate terms by the agent for building or equipping the ship—sending from Philadelphia or elsewhere such articles only as could not be so supplied. Until it can be ascertained what places should be selected for permanent building yards, no great inconvenience will result from pursuing the mode already adopted for supplying the naval stores. Deposits of masts, to supply quickly vessels which may come in dismantled, will be made at Boston and Norfolk—measures indeed have already been taken for this purpose—and the like deposits must be made at New-York or Rhode-Island—other articles, required by vessels in distress, can generally be had in these places, and in our other commercial cities.
The business of naval armament being new in this country, and complicated, it is impossible, in this early stage, to devise a perfect system on the subject. Every day's experience will add to the stock of knowledge possessed by the country; and it may be best for the public interest that the Congress, at their present session, should rely a little more on executive discretion than may hereafter be necessary. At the present session, it may be expedient and sufficient—That the President be authorized to procure by purchase or otherwise—12 ships of 74 guns, and six brigs or schooners to mount not exceeding 18 guns: to take measures for procuring and depositing in docks of fresh water, and in places of safety, such quantity of live oak timber, proper for ships of 74 guns and frigates, not exceeding in the whole such parts of the frames of 12 74 gun ships and as many frigates, as may be deemed essential to be of this species of timber;—to cause to be laid out in securing other kinds of timber for the future uses of the navy, a sum not exceeding 100,000 dollars: and to cause not exceeding three docks to be erected for the convenience of repairing ships. For so much of these objects as can be accomplished before the next session of Congress—An appropriation of 1,200,000 dollars, with a promise of further appropriations, may be sufficient.
I have suggested no plan for the encouragement of the manufacture of sail cloth. This subject will be better understood in Congress. A certainty of sale, as already observed, will be encouragement enough for the growers of hemp.
I shall take the liberty to lay before you, in a few days, such alterations in the rules for the government of the navy, as have been suggested by some of the most experienced captains, with my own observations.
I have the honour to be, With great respect and esteem, SIR, Your obedient servant, BENJAMIN STODDERT.
Cost of building and equipping a seventy-four gun ship, of 1620 tons, exclusive of military stores, 342,750 dollars. Annual expence of a 74 gun ship, per estimate, is 216,941 dollars.
For the PROVIDENCE JOURNAL. "Honesty is the best policy, temperance the best physic, and a good conscience the best divinity."
THIS maxim applies as well to politics as to ethics. Morality is a practical science of the highest dignity, importance and use to man, as an individual agent, or as a social being. It relates to the duty of man as it respects himself and others; and to his conduct in the several moral capacities and connections which he sustains. It arises from his relation to God and his creatures; is suited to his nature and condition, and terminates in his happiness; is therefore eternally obligatory upon him. Policies and morality, far from opposing each other, have the most intimate connexion, and exhibit the relation which the part bears to the whole. Morality being the guide of human life, the principle of order, and the universal source of real improvement and genuine happiness to all mankind, every thing relative to the direction of individuals, or the government of nations, must be comprehended within its sphere, and be subservient to its laws; and a departure from its sacred rules will ever prove as detrimental, as a steady observance of them will be beneficial and happy. A. Z.
Legislature of Massachusetts. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES.
FRIDAY, January 11.
AGREEABLE to previous assignment, the two branches assembled in the Representatives' Hall, to receive the communications of his excellency the Governor; who, precisely at 12 o'clock, came in, and delivered the following
Speech.
Gentlemen of the Senate, and
Gentlemen of the House of Representatives,
SINCE I had last the pleasure of addressing you, the internal state of the Commonwealth has been in general tranquil and prosperous; resulting, undoubtedly, from a strong attachment of the people to the government, and from a faithful and impartial execution of the laws; nor can we doubt of the continuance of this state of things, while our citizens feel the importance of social order, virtue and industry, and at the same time duly appreciate the blessings of a free government, established by their wisdom, supported by their energy, and administered by officers of their choice.
Happy indeed would be our situation, as a government, if our internal regulations could exempt us from foreign usurpations, as well as protect us from domestic violence; but the least observation will convince us, that the best intentions and purest motives frequently fail of insuring the friendship and amity of foreign nations. Hence arises the necessity of standing prepared to repel foreign aggressions, when differences cannot be adjusted by the amicable mode of negotiation. The best internal arrangements of government avail but little, while the nation itself remains exposed to the depredations and insults of every bold invader.
If we trace the history of our country from its first settlement, we shall find, perhaps, no period more critical or interesting than the present. The principles lately disseminated have roused a spirit of enquiry, and excited a solicitude before unknown.
Having established the independence of the American Government on the principles of justice, and basis of equal rights, we cherished the hope, that by industriously cultivating our soil, promoting manufactures and extending commerce, we might attain the object of our pursuit, and long enjoy peace, liberty and safety: But uninterrupted prosperity seems to be rather a picture of the imagination, than a reality which man is allowed to enjoy. In every age arises a series of duties and trials peculiar to itself.—Scarce had we begun to feel the happy effects of the mildest, and, I believe, the wisest government the world had ever known, ere the convulsions of European nations threatened to involve that of the American:—But thanks to our political pilots, whose penetration discovered our danger, and whose wisdom and patriotism directed them to a system of impartial neutrality as the surest means of avoiding impending evil. This just and wise policy, equally calculated to preserve peace with foreign nations, and to secure domestic tranquillity, at length gave umbrage to the government of France, and various methods were pursued to engage the United States as a party in the contest. The ministers and agents of France early commenced their political career in this country, and disseminated principles and sentiments totally subversive of our government and independence, by endeavouring to persuade the people that their interest dictated a violation of the system our Executive had adopted;—to create dissensions, and separate the people from the government of their choice. Thank heaven, the scheme proved ineffectual, and the citizens of the United States are yet free, happy and independent.
It must be unnecessary, as well as painful, to recite the reasons of the failure of the overtures for peace and accommodation—they are universally known, and, I believe, perfectly understood. The world will do us the justice to believe, that no effort has been omitted on the part of the United States to adjust differences, and preserve peace with the republic of France—an object most sincerely and uniformly sought, but unhappily not yet within the power of the United States to obtain. To accomplish this, is alike our interest and our wish; and we are happy to hear the Chief Magistrate of the Union publicly declare—"it is peace we have uniformly and perseveringly cultivated, and harmony between us and France may be restored at her option." We cannot yet believe that France will drive us to the last resort, which in the end would prove as injurious to her interests as to our own. From present appearances, however, we can discern no reason for relaxing our preparations for defence. Should we not violate the first law of nature, the great principle of self-preservation, if the means for this purpose, which the Almighty has placed within our power, were neglected? Let then the remains of political dissention cease, and all orders of men unite in displaying those virtues, and that manly patriotic spirit, which the exigency of the times demands:—And should the United States be invaded, let us stand prepared, at our country's call, to rally round the American standard, wifely committed to the charge of our beloved WASHINGTON, who will be faithful to the trust, and not surrender the sacred deposit to an invading foe, while he has an American by his side.—Under such a leader, and in their country's defence, America's hardy sons cannot fail of displaying that native enterprize and valour for which they have heretofore been distinguished.
Let no one imagine, that by these remarks I am for precipitating the United States into a war; nothing is further from my heart, for I am fully sensible, no calamity is more to be dreaded, except the loss of our liberties and independence: But they are made because my own observation, confirmed by the experience of ages, demonstrate, that the best security of peace is preparation for war. Do not the existing circumstances of our country demand some evidence of

that business, union and decision, which, in the present crisis, are so essential to its prosperity? As a member of the union it is not incumbent to afford a prompt and zealous support to the measures of the national government, without which we cannot long expect to enjoy peace, independence, or safety? The numerous patriotic addresses to the President, from all parts of the United States, exhibit a strong proof of enlightened understanding, inviolable attachment to the government, and unshaken confidence in its administration; and must convince France and the world, that the citizens of America, like a band of brothers, united by the ties of interest and affection, are determined to stand or fall together.
In pursuance of your resolution of the 27th of June last, I gave the necessary orders for having such parts of the Commonwealth as were most exposed to assaults and depredations from armed vessels, fortified. The cannon have been mounted, in some instances; in others, are in such a state of preparation, that they may be delivered in a short time. The fort which has been erected on Nantasket, for the protection of Boston harbour, will require the attention of the legislature, in relation to the number of men, which shall be considered necessary for its defence.
From the returns of the Adjutant-General, which I shall direct the secretary to lay before you, may be seen the state of the sea-coast defence, the condition and arrangements of the militia; and by which will also appear, that all the companies of artillery within this Commonwealth, in number forty-four, except in a few instances, are completely equipped with light brass pieces, and that the whole body of our militia, in general, is well organized, and that the several divisions have exhibited pleasing proofs of order and discipline.
By the accurate statements of the quarter-master general, in consequence of my orders to him, you will readily perceive the amount and condition of all the ordnance and military stores belonging to the Commonwealth; and also the manner in which the sum granted the last session for the sea-coast defence has been applied, and I flatter myself you will be satisfied that proper economy has been practiced in the expenditure.
The Act for ceding Castle-Island to the Government of the United States, has been presented and accepted, on the terms therein specified, and the troops of the United States have received possession of, and now occupy that fortress; In consequence of which I ordered Major Perkins' company of artillery, heretofore doing duty at that place, to be dismissed, according to your directions.
In the acceptance of the cession of Castle-Island, a condition was made, "That the condition confined thereon be previously removed," which was accordingly done, and they are now confined in different gaols in this vicinity, where they wait the further order of the legislature. The laws relative to convicts will need revision, as there now remains no place established by law for their confinement to hard labour. And here permit me to ask, whether any punishment hitherto devised for offences not capital, has been found more effectual for reclaiming offenders, by its tendency to establish habits of industry, affording time for reflection, and the apparent dread which that mode of punishment excites in the minds of the more dissolute parts of the community? I believe it will not be doubted, that the Commonwealth, since the institution of that mode of punishment, has been abundantly more free from high-handed offences, than at any former period.
In all legislative acts which shall be promotive of justice, and of the general welfare of the community, you may rest assured, Gentlemen, of my most hearty concurrence.
INCREASE SUMNER. Council-Chamber, Jan. 11, 1799.
THE PRESIDENT'S ANSWER To the Hon. the Senate and Assembly of the State of New-York.
GENTLEMEN. I HAVE received your unanimous address. If an address of so much dignity and authority could have received any addition from the channel of conveyance, you have chosen that which is nearest my heart, in his Excellency John Jay, the governor of the state of New-York, of whose purity, patriotism, fortitude, independence and profound wisdom, I have been a witness for a long course of years. The position in the union of the great and growing state of New-York, its incalculable advantages in agriculture, as well as commerce, renders this unanimous act of the two houses of its legislature, one of the most important events of the present year.
With the most sincere respect and cordial satisfaction, Gentlemen, I congratulate you on the decided appearance, in America, of a solid national character. From the Mississippi to the St. Croix, unquestionable proofs have been given of national feelings, national principles, and national system. This is all that was wanting to establish the power of the American people, and insure the respect and justice of other nations. For all that is personal to myself, I pray you to accept my best thanks. I never have had, and I never shall have, any claims on the gratitude of my country. If I have done my duty to them, and they are convinced of it, this is all that I have desired, or shall desire.
The strong claims which your state holds in the national defence and protection, will have every attention that depends on me.
I thank you for the expression of the satisfaction you derive from the fresh instance of great and disinterested patriotism which my illustrious predecessor has manifested. May he long continue to be, as he ever has been, the instrument of great good; and the example of great virtue to his fellow-citizens. The last act of his political life, in accepting his appointment, will be recorded in history as one of the most brilliant examples of public virtue that was ever exhibited among mankind.
JOHN ADAMS. Quincy, August 31, 1798.
For the PROVIDENCE JOURNAL.
IN case the office of Town-Clerk, for this town, should become vacant by the resignation of George Tillinghast, Esq; (and not otherwise) I take the liberty to name Mr. JEREMIAH BROWN HOWELL, as a person capable himself to execute the writing, and well qualified for discharging the duties of that office.
AN ELECTOR. Providence, Jan. 15, 1799.
For the PROVIDENCE JOURNAL.
AS the office of Town-Clerk will soon be vacant, I take the liberty to propose PAUL ALLEN, Jun. Esq; as a suitable person to fill the vacancy.
A FREEMAN. Providence, Jan. 15, 1799.
From FORCINE'S GAZETTE.
TOM PAINE. INFORMATION has been received in this country, that Tom Paine is now so offensive, that it is disagreeable to sit in the room with him. This has probably arisen from the fact which was some time ago formed in his side. Herod, who killed John the Baptist, whom our Saviour called a fox, and who was a subtle and bloody persecutor of the Christians, died in a horrible manner as it is likely Tom Paine will die. We are told in Acts, that "the angel of the Lord smote him, and he was eaten of worms." If the reader will look over Josephus, he will find a circumstantial account of Herod's death; his body was corrupted, and preyed upon by vermin, before his death. In the early ages of Christianity, Lactantius wrote a book, "De Mortibus Persecutorum."—On the deaths of the persecutors. In this work, he describes the miserable deaths of such Roman emperors who, in the famous ten years persecution, about the beginning of the fourth century (which is commonly called the persecution under Dioclesian) harassed the Christians with every insult and every injury which could be imagined. Some of these, Lactantius tells us (and what he says is worthy of belief) died of the most loathsome diseases, and in the most excruciating torments. One of them roared out so loud in his pains, that his voice was heard at a distance from the imperial palace, while the palace itself was disgusting through his stink. Tom Paine, tho' a low blackguard, without fortune, family, good appearance, or education, and bred to the justly despicable trade of a stay-maker, has perhaps misled mankind from the belief of Christianity more than any man that ever lived. Fifteen thousand copies of Paine's Age of Reason were imported by a Jacobin printer into this country from France. It is said that in some parts of the Southern States a thousand of the Age of Reason will sell as soon as one Bible. I knew a person who went to set up a school in another part of the United States, who told me that in the country about where he went, the Bible was generally set aside, and the Age of Reason revered in its stead. It is not improbable that the dreadful chastisement with which we were lately visited, the pestilence which desolated our country, arose partly from the accursed writings of this viper, this cheat, this drunkard, this adulterer, this felon, this traitor, this blasphemer, this apostle of the devil, Tom Paine.
CHRISTIANUS.
LONDON, November 16.
The American agents are at this time very busy in buying up ships, to be converted into ships of force; several of the French, Dutch and Spanish prizes lately taken, have been purchased by them, and are, with permission of government, gone into private docks to be repaired, and fitted out with all possible dispatch.
The remittances to this country from the Continent have of late been so great, that there is at this moment more cash in the Bank than there has been at any period since the commencement of the war.
Grand Scheme of Commercial Finance.
Those who affect to penetrate into the secrets of the Cabinet, furnish materials for political speculation, of a weight and substance which, at the first glance, are astonishing! The character and the extent of the league which is forming against France certainly deserve themselves more and more. England is known to be the soul of it. We are assured, that the allies which our ministers have thrown out for new commercial treaties are likely to open channels of trade hitherto unattempted even by the enterprise of individual adventurers; and the advantage to be derived from which, it is highly probable, we shall obtain at the price of the continuance of war.
A commercial treaty with the Emperor of Russia—a commercial treaty with the Emperor of Germany—a commercial treaty with the Ottoman Porte—a commercial treaty with the King of Spain! Are all at this moment on the anvil; besides several other treaties, such as one with the King of Naples, which, we are told, are actually concluded. By these treaties we expect to have the navigation of every sea opened to our trade; and what the French are endeavouring to accomplish by the revolutionary torrent, we are aiming to obtain by compromise.
On Friday last a committee of merchants were consulted on various points in their projected conventions, and it is expected that the wide extended plan will be made known soon after the meeting of Parliament. By the treaty with the Turks, the expectation is formed of securing all the advantages of that short communication with India which Bonaparte's expedition was intended to open to France by force of arms. The Levant trade will be revived; and by the free navigation of the Bosphorus and the Black Sea, we expect to penetrate by the Danube into the heart of Germany.
The treaty with Spain is by no means chimerical. We have good reasons for believing that the ground is opened. Offers have been made too tempting to be refused, and the only difficulty is, how to protect Spain from the vengeance of the French on the Pyrenean frontier. It is not impossible but that a Russian army may be destined to this service, while the collected wealth of several years, which has been obtained in South America for fear of its falling into the hands of the English on its passage, and of the French on its landing, will be brought home under the convoy of the British marine.
PHILADELPHIA, January 7.
NEW INSURANCE COMPANIES.
The late glorious news from Europe, confirming the many defeats of the common enemy, has awakened once more the speculative genius of our country. Two new insurance companies, one on the plan of that of Pennsylvania, and another like that of North America, with an important improvement that will oblige the Directors to divide all the clear gains of the company, by reserving only the capital stock and the premiums for outstanding and undetermined risks, to secure the public confidence. It is also contemplated to give to the state a large sum for their charter, which sum is to be laid out in the purchase of shares in the canal for watering the city. We hear also that a new bank is in embryo.
NEW-YORK, January 9.
Capt. Jones, of the brig Jane Maria, arrived this morning in 25 days from Curacoa, informs, that he learnt from the governor and council there, that orders had been received from the French government to restrain all privateers from capturing neutral vessels after the 15th of December. It was reported at Curacoa that two French frigates had come over (perhaps the same that captured the Retaliation) and that two commissioners had been landed at Guadalupe, who were supposed to be the bearers of the above orders.—It was also reported that that arch robber, Victor Hughes, had fled from Guadalupe.
The Journal.
PROVIDENCE, JANUARY 16.
The Providence Insurance Company have commenced business. Many proposals for insurance have been left with the President; some are effected. This institution promises great utility. The Directors are men of respectability and prudence, and as they determine by the articles of association to take no larger sum on one risk than 20,000 dollars, they may expect much business from abroad.
APPOINTMENT.
GEORGE TILLINGHAST, Esq; of this town, Captain of the land service of the United States.
The new bill, for restraining our commercial intercourse with France and her dominions, contains certain provisions which are not found in the existing act, but which are highly interesting to the United States.
First—It proposes to authorize the President of the United States to suspend the prohibitions in reference to France, or to any island, port or place, that shall disavow and refrain from depredations on our commerce.
This provision would in effect insure us a free and lucrative trade to St. Domingo: It being well understood that Toussaint would cheerfully make any stipulations that should be required, to insure us from the dangers of French cruisers, and to secure to that island the advantages of our trade. In short, this is the moment to avail ourselves of the favourable state of things in the West-Indies: If St. Domingo becomes independent, of which there is little doubt, we shall have the same right to treat with the Governor de facto, that we have to treat with any other sovereign; and while it remains a colony, no objection can be made even by France, to our furnishing it with supplies; and after the Black Genie, who is a very able and influential character, and justly appreciates the advantages of a free trade with the United States, has realized his sanguine expectations, we shall derive from that land incalculable wealth, and become the carriers of its productions, to the exclusion of all other nations. Toussaint commands 30,000 disciplined troops, devoted to him, and maintains by the force of his authority the most perfect tranquility in the island.
Secondly—The bill provides that the President may by proclamation suspend the intercourse with any island, port or place, into which our vessels are carried, and condemned and sold, or from whence privateers are fitted out. This measure will soon starve the Spaniards and Dutch into better manners, and without it, it is impossible to break up their piratical nests.
Thirdly—It also authorizes our naval commanders to examine our own vessels on the high seas, and when bound to a prohibited port, to seize and send them home for trial and condemnation. A very necessary precaution against the arts and practices of many of our mercenary privateers, who on frivolous pretences of stress of weather, or other accidents, push into our enemies ports and sell their cargoes.
Fourthly—It contains a provision in favour of such vessels and cargoes as have arrived from France since the 31st of December, having been detained by embargoes, captures, or other accidents.
Such are the principal features in this new and important bill—If carried into effect, it will produce a great and favourable change in our commercial system, and probably secure to the United States a free and permanent intercourse with the best portion of the West-India islands.
Russell's Gaz.
Our last accounts from Philadelphia are to the 7th instant. Congress were still engaged on the impeachment of William Blount. The debates on this subject are lengthy—we are obliged to defer them, in order to give place, to the letter on, the important subject of the naval establishment.
DIED.
On Monday evening last, aged 70 years, Miss Elizabeth Gibbs, daughter of the late Dr. Robert Gibbs.—The friends and acquaintance of the deceased are requested to attend her funeral tomorrow at 3 o'clock, P. M. without further invitation.
On the 11th inst. in the 85th year of his age, Elder Russell Mason, senior pastor of the second Baptist church in Swansey, where he laboured in the work of the ministry nearly 47 years.—On Lord's day, the 13th inst. after a sermon preached by Elder Goff, of Dighton, his remains were decently interred in the presence of numerous connexions and acquaintance, most of whom have been witnesses to the simplicity of his manners, his noble contempt of riches, his patience in a long and painful sickness, and his fortitude on the approach of death.—Mr. Mason has left a numerous issue; his descendants are more than 130.
For SALE, by Augustus Larned,
200 barrels of prime BEEF, 100 ditto PORK, on good terms, Mols Pork and Beef in whole and half barrels, Susquehanna Molasses per hogshead, Baltimore fine and superfine Flour, Pint Bread, White Beans per barrel. Jan. 9, 1799.
For SALE, by the Subscribers, at a very moderate price,
THE STORE lately occupied by Messrs. Benjamin and John Brown, a little north of the State-House, in the chambers of which is a convenient tenement for a large family. The terms of payment will be made easy.
BENJAMIN HOPPIN & Co. Jan. 9, 1799. (2m)
Arrived, brig Polly, Whitney, 46 days from Port Antonio, (Jam.) Left there brig Peggy, belonging to Boston, which had been captured by the French on her passage from Charleston to Turks-Island, and re-captured by a British vessel.
Capt. W. saw in a Kingston paper the arrival of several American vessels at that port, which had been captured by the French and re-captured by the English. Among the number was the brig Hiram, of Somerset.
The ship Dolphin, schr. Ranger, and sloop Lark, of this port, and sloop Providence, of East-Greenwich, have arrived safe at Surinam.
The ship Francis and Mary, Woodward, has arrived at Boston from Manilla. Capt. W. touched at St. Helena, and sailed in company with the Charles, Barnard, of Boston, from Batavia.
We learn by Capt. Woodward, that the brig Mercury, of this port, which has been absent several years through the villainy of the capt. has been taken possession of at Manilla by a merchant who had received letters from the owner for that purpose. The master's name was Gardner: he sailed from this town for the North-West Coast, and from thence to China. After his arrival at the last place, instead of returning home, he went to New-Holland, and spent some years, trading backward and forward, in those seas, without any intention of ever coming home, or rendering any account to his owner.
The Minerva, Turner, has arrived at Boston in 54 days from Portsmouth. Sailed from Spithead Nov. 20, in company with 350 sail of vessels, bound to the United States, Lisbon and the West-Indies, under convoy.
The Schooner Delight, Greene, of this port, was at Trinidad Nov. 28.
The sloop Union, Botsford, 38 d. u. from Charleston, S. C. spoke on the 2d Jan. the brig General Warren, Fier, from Kingston, Jamaica, bound to Boston, cut 40 days, in those seas, bearing N. 9 or 10 leagues.
Philadelphia, Jan. 8. The Birmingham Packet, Kelly, from hence, touched at the Cape of Good Hope, and proceeded on to Bombay.
The Aurora, and several outward bound vessels, are at Racy Islands, waiting for a wind.
GOLDEN BEEHIVE, NO. 3, MARKET-STREET.
For SALE, by Jeremiah F. Jenkins,
A Consignment of Russia and Ravens duck, Russia sheeting, sewing twine, wide ticklenberg, Dutch cheese, Morocco skins of various colours, fresh cask raisins, an assortment of Dutch brushes, souchong and hyson tea per chest, and a few half chests of genuine bohea tea.
As usual, an assortment of Goods suitable for the season. Scotch thread per lb. from No. 6 to No. 30; India cotton sheeting, a variety of mens silk hose, ladies handsome Morocco pocket-books complete, ladies kid and Morocco shoes, mens and boys hats, playing cards per gross, very fine basket table salt, Welsh's best No. 1 chocolate, essence of spruce, bohea, souchong, hyson and gunpowder teas per lb. that will not fail of pleasing; an assortment of house paper, handsome open work firefenders, brass kettles, skairs assorted, per dozen or single pair; 3 1-2, 4, 4 1-2 and 5 lb. pins; Boston manufactured and imported sheet glass, mahogany framed looking-glasses of various sizes, velvet corks.
Genuine old Sherry and Madeira WINE, also good Lisbon and Malaga, and a few barrels of best brown sugar.
Said JENKINS has likewise for Sale, at his Crockery-Shop,
A handsome variety of Wine-Glasses and other glass ware, and a general assortment of CROCKERY.
Jan. 16, 1799.
For CHARLESTON (S.C.) the sloop LYDIA,
HOLDER TALLMAN, Master; will sail in a very short time after the river breaks up. She sails remarkably fast. For freight or passage, apply to JOHN CHEDEL, or to the master, on board.
For SALE, by Pitts and Chedel,
30 hogheads of Savannah tobacco, 46 casks of new rice, and A few hogheads of good retailing molasses. Jan. 16, 1799.
Henry Brickley
INFORMS his customers, and the public in general, that he has removed to the shop standing at the corner of Bank-street, where he continues carrying on the shoemaking business in its various branches. He makes mens boots and shoes of every description, ladies draw-boots, morocco lace boots and shoes, &c. in the most modern fashions, and in the neatest manner. Those who may think proper to favour him with their custom, may depend on being served to their satisfaction. The smallest favours will be gratefully acknowledged.
N.B. Wanted, two or three good journey-men, to whom good encouragement will be given; likewise a smart active lad, about 14 years of age, as an apprentice, who will meet with good terms. Jan. 16, 1799.
To LET, A convenient Store,
Situated nearly opposite the dwelling-house of Mr. Thomas P. Ives, very suitable for a person in the Grocery line, or in Navigation, having a privilege on the wharf.—For particulars, enquire of
ARAUNAH TINGLEY. Jan. 2, 1799.

Selected Poetry.
ELEGY
ON THE THIRTY-FIRST OF DECEMBER.
YES, I will climb yon rough Rock's giddy height, That o'er the Ocean bends his brow severe;— And as I muse on TIME'S NEGLECTED FLIGHT, Wait the last sunshine of the parting Year!
Why do the winds so sadly seem to rave? Why broods such solemn horror o'er the deep? It is, that FANCY points the yawning grave;— And sick'ning, shudders at the pond'rous sleep!
For O! since LAST DECEMBER's hoary head Bow'd to Oblivion's wave, and sunk beneath, From this strange World what flutt'ring crowds are fled To through the caverns of relentless Death!
And every transitory shade is lost, That in its course was fondly call'd 'TO DAY!' Spring's sweets are gone! and summer's flow'ry boast! And Autumn's purple honours pass'd away!
And now, tho' WINTER, in rude mantle dress, Extends his icy sceptre o'er the plain! Soon shall he sink on APRIL's dewy breast! And laughing MAY shall re-assume her reign!
But MAN, when once his bright day's flush is o'er, And Youth's too fleeting pleasures take their wing, Must on life's scene re-vegetate no more, But leap its gulph, to find a second Spring.
And can that something each man calls 'HIMSELF,' 'Midst this wide miracle of earth and sky, Waste the swift moments in the toil for self,— Nor raise one thought to Nature's Majesty;
On the Globe's surface creep, a grov'ling worm! Nor joy the noon-tide radiance to behold,— Nor trace the Mighty Hand that guides the storm, But deem existence relative to gold?
Ah! since this awful Now remains for me, To think, to breathe, to wonder at the whole, To move, to touch, to taste, to hear, to see, To call the mystic consciousness, my Soul;
Fain would I seek a-while the sportive shade, Ere the scene close upon this doubtful state; Catch every painted phantom ere it fade, And leave the vast uncertainty to Fate.
But GRIEF is MINE—yet can I quit the crew Whose bosoms burn with avarice and pride, In yon blue vault to quench my thirsty view, Or tell my feelings to the boil'rous tide?
For are there not, as journeying on we go, With pilgrim step thro' an unfriendly vale, Oppression, Malice, Cruelty and Woe, And do not Falsehood's venom'd shafts assail?
Were it not nobler far, with social love, As fellow-trav'llers in a rugged road, That each the other's evils should remove, And with joint force sustain the gen'ral load?
O! while such fancied happiness I trace, A glow of gladness runs thro' ev'ry vein; Rapture's warm tear steals silent down my face, And thus I wake the philanthropic strain.
Long, long, may Britain's gen'rous Isle be blest With foreign fame, domestic joys increase; At ev'ry insult, shake the warlike crest; Then weave her laurels in the Bow'r of Peace!
Blest be her Sons, in hardy valour bold, (shade: And all who haunt meek Learning's sacred Th' aspiring young, and the reposing old; The modest matron, and th' enchanting maid!
And may the BARD upon HIMSELF bestow One humble wish, that soon his cares shall end; With the dead year, resign his weight of woe! Or with the thorns of life, at least some roses blend! DELLA CRUSCA.
FASHION.
FASHION establishes a thousand ridiculous practices. I have doubted whether nature teaches the shaking of hands on finding a friend that has been absent. It is a custom of four thousand years standing. At the siege of Troy, Homer frequently mentions it. One of my neighbours, who sees me generally three or four times a day, always shakes hands with me, and twitches with such violence, as to put my wrist frequently in great pain. I see no propriety in this practice. Were it customary on finding a friend to kick his shins, who would be backward in following the fashion? and there is in nature as much propriety in one practice as the other.
Where is the necessity of holding up the hand when taking an oath? Isaac laid his finger on Abraham's thigh. Why should not a man as soon hold up his leg as his hand when he swears? God looks at the sincerity of the heart, not at the hand or the leg.
The custom of drinking healths is not only foolish, as it answers no good purpose, but is a plague. Many a good drink of cider have I lost in preference to disturbing a table of guests by wishing them healths.
Sometimes Col. P——, who is excessively polite, and has not been out of Boston, that sink of complaisance, more than two years, takes hold of the tankard and begins, Mr. ——, your good health; Mr. ——, yours, and Mr. till I find it is coming to me, and am obliged to swallow a mouthful of roast beef before it is half chewed; and sometimes it is my turn to say "I thank you, Sir," before it is half down, and then out comes the beef on my plate again. This last practice is growing out of use, and I hope will be soon discontinued. F. J.
From the FARMER'S WEEKLY MUSEUM.
CHARACTER of EDMUND BURKE.
[In various Museums, a series of portraits of this great orator has been exhibited. But the materials of a life so useful, active, learned and brilliant, are not easily exhausted. The following sketch is so well drawn, it will be viewed with admiration. While men gaze at the picture of such excellence as the "Sublime and beautiful" personage of Beaconsfield exhibited, let them strive to copy his virtues and his style, his loyalty to power, "his benevolence to man, his piety to God."
EDMUND BURKE, in his person was about five feet ten inches high, erect and well formed; with a countenance rather for open; and except by an occasional bend of his brow, caused by his being near-sighted, induced none of those great traits of mind by his countenance which he was otherwise well known to possess. The best print of him is from a half length, by Sir Joshua Reynolds, painted about thirty years ago, when Mr. Burke was in the meridian of life.
Of his talents and acquirements it would be difficult to speak, did we not trust to his long and justly established fame to fill up the deficiencies of our description:
"From his cradle, He was a scholar, and a ripe and good one: Exceeding wise, fair spoken, and persuading. The richness of his mind illustrated every subject he touched upon. In conversing with him, he attracted by his novelty, variety and richness; in parting from him, we involuntarily exclaimed, "What an extraordinary man!"
As an orator, though not so grand and commanding in his manner as Lord Chatham, whose form of countenance and penetrating eye gave additional force to his natural and acquired talents, yet he had excellencies which always gave him singular pre-eminence in the senate. He was not (though it was evident he drew from these great resources) like Cicero, or Demosthenes, or any one else; the happy power of diversifying his matter, and placing it in various relations, was all his own; and here he was generally truly sublime and beautiful. He had not perhaps, always the art of concluding in the right place, partly owing to the vivaciousness of his fancy, and the redundancy of his matter; and partly owing to that irritability of temper which he himself apologizes for to his friends in his last notice of them; but those speeches which he gave the public do not partake of this fault, which shews that in his closet his judgment returned to its usual standard.
As a writer, he was still higher; and judging of him from his earliest to his latest productions, he must be considered as one of those prodigies which are sometimes given to the world to be admired, but cannot be imitated; he possessed all kinds of styles, and gave them to the head and heart in a most exquisite manner: pathos, taste, argument, experience, sublimity, were all the ready colours of his pallet, and from his pencil they derived their brightest dyes. We do not with to adulterate; but what pure gold we withhold from a man whose writings broke the fascinating links of party, and compelled all to admire the brilliancy of his pen?
As a Senator, he was uniformly attached to the party he set out with; and though his private fortune was far from being established, and though different administrations would be proud to detach him, he rose and fell with his party.
He has been charged with not being always constant to his own declarations and definitions; but before he is judged on this ground, times and circumstances should be well weighed. In our mixed Constitution, there are times when the power of the Prince, or the people, may be alternately too much or too little, and the politician who now speaks in favor of the one, and then of the other, may be equally consistent. — There was a period, and not very remote from the present, when the power of the Crown was thought "to have increased, was increasing, and ought to be diminished;" but now that democracy is taking such hideous strides in Europe, every Englishman feels it his duty to rally round the throne, as the best support of freedom, ordination and liberty.
He was a firm professor of the Christian religion, and exercised its principles in its duties; wisely considering, "That whatever disunites man from God, disunites man from man." He looked within himself for the regulation of his conduct, which was exemplary in all the relations of life; he was warm in his affections, simple in his manner, plain in his table, arrangements, &c. &c. and so little affected with the follies and dissipation of what is called "the higher classes," that he was totally ignorant of them; so that this great man, with all his talents, would be mere lumber in a modern drawing-room; not but he excelled in all the refinements as well as strength of conversation, and could at times badeinage with great skill and natural ease; but what are these to a people where cards and dice constitute their business, and fashionable phrases, and fashionable vices, their conversation?
"Take him for all in all," Edmund Burke must be considered as a man of great and extraordinary talents, who justly acquired in his own day the applauses of his Countrymen, and who will always hold an elevated rank among the statesmen and philosophers of Europe.
For SALE, by
Young Seamans,
A FEW Hhds. first quality green COFFEE. Ditto brown SUGAR, both entitled to draw back.—MOLASSES fit for retailing, and fleece COTTON.
Jan. 2, 1799.
Just arrived, and for SALE by
Elisha Dyer,
A QUANTITY of Tar and Pitch, in good order.
Jan. 2, 1799.
At a Town-Meeting of the Freemen of the Town of Providence, legally warned and assembled at the Town-House, on the third day of January, A. D. 1799.
AN ACT, in amendment of an act passed on the twelfth day of November, 1798, relative to the admeasurement of Fire Wood.
It is Voted and Resolved, That for the better execution of said act, the following persons be appointed surveyors and measurers of wood, namely: for the north end of the town, over the Mill-Bridge, Jehu Smith; for the other avenue by the north end of said town, Aaron Mason and Obadiah Mason; for the west end of the town, by the avenues of Cranston and Johnston roads, Ezek Eddy and Jacob Westcott; for Pawtuxet road, Jonathan French; for the avenue by India-Bridge, Aaron Seamans, and for that by the central bridge, Henry Wyatt: That the persons aforesaid, and those who may be appointed to that office, shall survey and measure all Fire Wood, in the manner prescribed in said act; and all Fire Wood offered for sale shall be accompanied with a certificate of the admeasurement thereof, from one of the surveyors and measurers by this act appointed, or the same shall be forfeited.
It is further Voted and Resolved, That any person who shall hereafter purchase any Fire Wood offered for sale as aforesaid, which shall not be accompanied with a certificate as aforesaid, shall forfeit and pay as a fine the sum of two dollars, to be recovered by action of debt, complaint or information, before any one Justice of the Peace for said town, with costs; one moiety thereof to and for the use of the complainant, and the other moiety thereof to and for the use of the town: And that it be recommended to the purchaser of Fire Wood to repay to the seller the expence of measuring the same, and to take up the certificate.
And it is further Voted, That that part of said act of the twelfth day of November, A. D. 1798, by which the additional surveyors and corders are appointed, be repealed.
A true copy:—Witness, GEORGE TILLINGHAST, Town Clerk.
Providence free Insurance-Office.
THE subscriber takes the liberty to inform his friends, and the public in general, that he still continues his Office on the parade, opposite the Brick Market, where Insurance can be effected on Policies of every description, provided they are clear of fraud. He pledges himself that the business done in his Office shall be placed in such hands as are really possessed of Funds capable to pay their losses, which will be done without any deduction. He further observes, that notes will be taken for the premium without Indorsers, unless the person be a stranger. As he has practiced in the business upwards of thirty years, with fidelity and dispatch, he flatters himself that his friends and others abroad will favour him with their commands, which will be gratefully received, and punctually observed.
JOSEPH LAWRENCE. Jan. 9, 1799.
John Jenckes,
GOLD AND SILVER-SMITH AND JEW-ELLER,
TAKES this method of informing his friends and the public, that he has taken the Shop formerly occupied by Mr. JOHN GIBBS, in company with the Widow ELIZA GIBBS, under the firm of
JOHN JENCKES & Co. Where he intends prosecuting the Business carried on the late Mr. John Gibbs, in its various Branches, viz.—
Warranted Gold Necklaces, Ear Knobs and Twists, Miniature Cases, Fancy Jewelry, Table Spoons, Desert, Tea, Salt and Mustard Ditto, Gold and Silver Watch-Chains, Keys and Seals, &c. &c. Also, the Plating Business in its various Branches. Umbrellas repaired and covered in the best manner.
N. B.—CASH given for old Gold, Silver and Brass.
Jan. 9, 1799.
Jacob Whitman, jun. & Co.
At their AUCTION ROOM, No. 2, Westminster-Street, HAVE AT PRIVATE SALE, the following Articles, viz.
India Cottons of different qualities, by the bale or piece, Eight pieces fine twill'd Coatings, various colors, Few pieces fancy corded Velvet, Few pieces ditto Moreens, Wildbores, Calicoes, Shawls, One handsome Carpet, 5 by 5 and 3-4 yards, One piece of Carpeting, by the yard, Blue Broadcloths, One piece green Baize, Ten pieces Irish Linens, Platlillas and Britannias, by the piece, Fifteen pieces very handsome Oilcloths, Six casks blue and white Crockery Ware, handsomely assorted, West-India Rum by the hoghead, Eight Barrels Gin, Four ditto Cider Brandy, Ten kegs ground Ginger, Quantity of Gin Cases, Loaf Sugar by the hundred or single loaf. Jan. 2, 1799.
Just Landing, and for Sale by
Joseph S. Martin,
A FEW Hhds. of green COFFEE, A few ditto of brown SUGAR, some fleece COTTON, all subject to the drawback. Also, A few Hhds. of MOLASSES, and a few hogheads of Tobago RUM.
Jan. 2, 1799.
For SALE, by Munro, Snow and Munro, At their Store, next east of the Coffee-House,
FRESH Baltimore superfine FLOUR, in whole and half barrels.—Also, Pilot and Ship BREAD; just received by the Schooner Olive-Branch, Capt. Remington.
They have also remaining on hand, A few pipes of excellent Coniac Bourdeaux BRANDY—some Jamaica RUM and SUGAR, and Turk's-Island Salt.
N. B. To be Let, and entered upon immediately, on the west side of the bridge, near Capt. James Aborn's, a convenient DWELLING-HOUSE, with a Wood-House, Yard and Garden.
Jan. 9, 1799.
Carrington & Bowers,
No. 1, CHEAPSIDE,
HAVE a large and extensive Assortment of ENGLISH GOODS, which they offer for SALE on the most reasonable terms for Cash.
In addition to their former Assortment, they have just received from New York, A fresh supply of Carpets and Carpeting, suitable for rooms of any size;—Brown HOLLAND and low priced BROADCLOTHS, per piece.—A few sets of Pearl-Fish COUNTERS.—PINS per Pack, 3s, 4s, 4s and 5s lb.—Blue, brown and other coloured COATINGS, per piece.—WRITING PAPER per Ream.—TAPES, BOBBINS and DUTCH LACES.
They have likewise for Sale, 130 Barrels PRIME BEEF, which will be sold low for cash or short time. Jan. 9, 1799.
FOR SALE, BY
Benjamin Hoppin & Co.
For Cash or approved Notes, payable at the Providence Bank at 60 days,
EIGHT Pipes first quality French BRANDY—Three half Pipes ad ditto Naples ditto—Four Puncheons excellent Windward Island RUM—Twenty Boxes best Havana Brown SUGAR—Loaf SUGAR—Thirty Casks ground GINGER—One hundred empty GIN CASES—Five hundred pair lin'd and bound Calf Skin SHOES—Forty pieces handsome figured OIL CLOTHS—Straws of TUMBLERS—Wine GLASSES—Quart, pint and half pint DECANTERS, with ground Bottoms.—They have likewise just received a small Consignment of Fine and Coarse BROADCLOTHS, Twilled COATINGS, and Blue PLAIN'S.—Which will be sold for Notes payable at the Bank at Three Months Credit.
India COTTONS, of every Quality—and Cotton and Linen CHECKS, on hand as usual.
January 2, 1799.
Benjamin Howland,
TAYLOR and LADIES HABIT-MAKER, RESPECTFULLY informs the public, that he has removed to the Corner Shop next South of the Market; where he has opened a beautiful Assortment of Cloths, of the best kind, and most fashionable Colours. Real London superfine Broadcloths and Cassimeres, superfine Coatings for Surtouts and Spencers, Waistcoatings and Buttons, and other Trimmings to match every Pattern—elastic suspenders, &c. Grateful for every Favour, his best endeavours will be exerted to merit the Confidence of his Customers.
N. B. He makes FANCY BREECHES, without Leg, Side, Sea, Waistband or Kneeband Seams; which, for Ease and elegant Set, are far superior to any former Plan. Jan. 2, 1799.
New Lands.
THE underwritten offers for sale, or exchange for lands not very remote from the town of Providence, several rights of good LAND in the well-known and settled town of St. Johnsbury (where the late Dr. Arnold, formerly of this town, lived) in the county of Caledonia, and State of Vermont.
One tract, containing about 600 Acres, lies on the banks of the pleasant river Passumpsick, and has on it an excellent mill-seat.
For terms, apply to Daniel Cahone, Esq; (late of this town) who lives on a farm adjoining the above tract—or to the underwritten. DAVID HOWELL.
Jan. 2, 1799.
For SALE, by William Blodget, jun.
No. 3, CHEAPSIDE,
MESS and prime Pork and Beef per quantity, in whole and half barrels, at a reasonable price and time.
As usual, a general assortment of India, English and Scotch GOODS, proper for the season, extremely cheap, at a fixed price, for Cash. Jan. 2, 1799.
Eight and a half tons of
Scrap Iron,
For Sale by SAMUEL ABORN, jun. Apply at his Store, on the Long Wharf, or at Jacob Whitman, jun. and Co.'s Auction-Room, No. 2, Westminster-Street. Jan. 9, 1799.