Herald of the United States (Warren, R.I.), 1806-10-04 00:00:00

Gerald of the United States.
WARREN:—PUBLISHED NEAR THE POST-OFFICE, BY NATHANIEL PHILLIPS.
[No. 52, of Vol. XIV.]
SATURDAY, OCTOBER 4, 1806.
[Whole No. 718.]
WEEKLY ALMANACK.
   OCTOBER. D. OF. F. Sea. REMARKS.     5 Sunday, 6 18 6 11 42 2 31 Windy & cool.   6 Monday, 6 19 6 morn. 3 25   7 Tuesday, 6 21 6 0 55 4 16 Good weather   8 Wednesday, 6 22 6 2 10 5 8 for the season.   9 Thursday, 6 24 6 3 45 5 58   10 Friday, 6 25 6 4 39 6 48   11 Saturday, 6 26 6 7 38 N. ● 11th 5m.  
MISCELLANY.
FROM THE RICHMOND ENQUIRER.
OF THE YELLOW FEVER.
An occurrence has taken place in this city, of considerable use to the medical world. Its importance may be estimated by the single fact, that it satisfactorily decides the long-agitated dispute of the yellow fever. All doubt, all dissipation, all cavilling—must yield before it.
The question is, whether the yellow fever of our cities, is of foreign or domestic origin; whether it is imported from the West-Indies, or generated by the noxious air of our towns. The last has been the general opinion. It was evident that if the fever could be imported, it might be conveyed from one place to another, or from place to place. But experience has proved, that it was "incommunicable in the country either by persons under the disease, or by goods carried from diseased places." Was it then reasonable to suppose, that a fever which could not be communicated from the town to the country, could be carried from one country to another; from the ports of the West-Indies, to those of the United States?
It must be admitted, however, that this fact is not of such a direct and overwhelming kind as to put down all opposition. Ingenuity has eluded, but not destroyed its force. It is contended, that the noxious miasma only acts in large cities, where the atmosphere is so impure as to be thrown into a state of noxious fermentation, or where human bodies are so enfeebled by the impurity of the air, as to be predisposed for its action. When transported into the country, the atmosphere is too pure to admit of its operation. It has no nidus to receive it.—It is without that train of favorable circumstances, which must concur and assist its violence. The air is too pure to be thrown into fermentation, and mass too healthy to be predisposed for its action. "It is for this reason," say the advocates of imported fever, "that it is not always communicated from the town to the country. We admit that the fever is not alone sufficient to produce its full effect in towns; but we contend, that when it does appear in our cities, it must owe its first germ to foreign importation."
But the following incident is of a kind to remove all opposition.
The city of Richmond at this time enjoys an almost unexampled share of health. Billious complaints have by no means an uncommon fatality. Rockett's landing, our only depot of foreign trade, is not peculiarly afflicted by any species of sickness; much less by any of an uncommon appearance. Will the advocates of imported fever then believe, that at this very moment it has appeared in the Penitentiary; at some distance from the centre of the city, on the very skirts of the country, insulated from every other building, and on the opposite side of the town to Rockett's landing? Such however is the melancholy fact.
That the fever of the Penitentiary is the yellow fever of our cities, is decided by the two experienced and ingenious physicians, who have attended it. Its symptoms are the same in kind, though infinitely less in degree: the pain in the head,—the red eye,—the skin of a hue much darker than gold,—the black vomit, or black faces, according to the course of the bile. In the only case, where the patient has fallen a victim, the sensibility of the stomach was so excessive, that by gently touching with a finger the region of the stomach, it produced the hiccup so symptomatic of the complaint.
Where is there a fact more conclusive as to the origin of the Yellow Fever, because so little confounded by the operation of contrary causes? It would almost be a miracle, had the imported germ of the yellow fever visited the Penitentiary. Here are a set of men almost completely exempt from the rest of the world. The turnkeys; the respectable superintendent of the Penitentiary, his whole family are healthy.—The guard, who traverse the out side of the building, are two far removed to communicate the contagion. Few persons have access into the building; no one can enter it without a permit from two inspectors; no one, who has visited it lately, has exhibited the symptoms of the fever. The building is too completely cut off from the city, to receive the noxious contagion in a tainted stream of air. And whence was this stream to blow? There is not a single corner in the city where the fever has peeped forth: not one person who has fallen beneath it.
There seems not a deficient link in this chain of proof. Every thing is complete—every thing conclusive. It is scarce possible, that the fever could approach from without; it must therefore have been generated from within.—But where are sufficient causes for its production;
desponding mind; the want of exercise; the want of something to exhilarate the spirits, and put the torpid functions into motion; the damp weather succeeding to a season of unexampled drought; the long train of inconveniences, inseparable from a state of confinement and labor. When causes like these exist, why seek for its origin in the West-Indies market, whence no infected vessel has arrived; or in a city not yet visited by a single symptom?
But let not our distant friends indulge the slightest alarm about the consequences of this fever. We pledge ourselves as to the spirit of the following facts:
That not more than six or seven of the convicts, have symptoms of the fever:
That one only has died, whilst others are convalescent:
That the fever of the Penitentiary, though similar in its general symptoms, is comparatively innocuous to that of our large towns: The only victim, who has yet fallen beneath it, lingered as many as 12 or 13 days, whereas in Philadelphia it was not uncommon for them to sink in 24 hours. Of such unequal virulence is the same fever at different places!
That there prevails not the slightest alarm among the inhabitants of this city:
That a few have even visited the Penitentiary, for the purpose of inspecting the disorder, so perfectly were they convinced of its harmlessness:
And that the best established opinion is, that the fever is not in the least infectious; that it rather passes from the air to the patient than from the patient to the air; that even in that case, it does not immediately operate, but that it requires time to break down the tone of the body, ere it can produce its effect.
LATE FOREIGN NEWS.
RECEIVED BY THE WAY OF HALIFAX.—LONDON DATES TO AUG. 9, 1806.
ENGLAND.
LONDON, AUG. 6.
DEFENSIVE MEASURES.
THE Duke of York's inspection, it is said, is this year to be to a greater extent than it has hitherto been; he is to proceed to the Northward, and inspect all the districts, and will, perhaps, go to Scotland, to examine the state in which both the Militia and Regulars are in that part of the Kingdom. It is understood that henceforth every district in this kingdom will be minutely reviewed by the Commander in Chief twice a year.
The Duke of Cumberland has gone to resume the command of the Hampshire districts, and takes up his residence at Winchester: he is soon expected at Weymouth on a visit to his fine regiment, and to review the garrison there.
GERMANIC CIRCLE BROKEN.
Reports were yesterday abroad, respecting the impression produced upon the public mind in Germany, by the new Constitution, which, if they could be supposed to come from any authentic source, or to rest upon any probable basis, might be considered of importance, and entitled to no small degree of attention. It is said, that the Emperor of Austria has been called upon to accede to a formal renunciation of all claims to any pre-eminence of influence or authority over the German Empire, and that Bonaparte, in concert with the new Federative System, has required his final answer, or rather his entire submission, to his proposals on this head, by the 10th inst.
One of the German Papers observes, that the details of the new Germanic Constitution will not be published by France, until a peace is made with England, left the British Government should make any of its provisions the ground for claims.
THE NEGOTIATION.
A messenger arrived at Deal on Monday morning, and having immediately embarked on board a gun-brig, failed directly for Calais. It is conjectured, that he may have been the bearer of additional instructions to Lord Lauderdale.
MISCELLANEOUS.
AUG. 8.
On Thursday night the Spanish lugger La Buena Esperanza, of 8 guns, arrived at Plymouth, cut out from a port in Spain in the most gallant manner, from under the fire of a battery of seven 24 pounders, by the boats manned and armed, by the Haughty gun-brig, of 14 guns, and the Colpoys, of 16 guns, Lieutenant Usher. After the boats crews had secured the Spanish lugger, the crews, seconded by the fire of the two brigs, bravely landed, stormed the batteries; drove out the guard, spiked the cannon and tumbled them over the rocks into the sea. All this business was performed with the cool intrepidity of British seamen, without any material loss on our side. The Spanish lugger is laden on account of the Spanish government, and is a fine vessel of her class.
The expeditions which have been embarking for several days past, are prevented sailing by contrary winds.
We understand, that the distribution of the prize money, &c. of the captures made at the battle off Trafalgar, is settled, and that it has received the sanction of the Privy Council.—The widow of Lord Nelson, and all his relatives, are excluded, it being the opinion of Government that sufficient has been done for the family. Lord Collingwood is to have the distribution.
Earl Moira attends at Mr. Fox's office, and transacts business for him.
MR. FOX.
The general impression respecting the hopelessness of Mr. Fox's recovery, has given rise to reports respecting a design said to be formed, of his resignation, and Mr. Thomas Grenville, Lord Lauderdale, and Lord Moira, have been respectfully named as his successors.
Yesterday Mr. Fox, underwent the operation of tapping, which was very successfully performed. A great quantity of water, near sixteen quarts, was evacuated by the process. Mr. Fox was afterwards in a very favourable state. The operation was performed by Mr. Cline.
Three French frigates have appeared off the coast of Ireland; this intelligence has been communicated by the Loire frigate, who was chased by them, and measures have been taken to block up the passage Du Raz, to prevent their escape.
Sir Edward Berry, who has lately arrived from the West-Indies, retires from service, on account of his bad state of health; and not from dissatisfaction to the officer, under whose command he last served, as has been stated in some American papers.
The Hibernia, 110 guns, Ad. Earl St. Vincents, has been fitted and provisioned from home for 8 months. His Lordship is going into the Mediterranean, accompanied by a select squadron; and it is expected, that Vice-Admiral Duckworth will take the command of the Channel fleet.
The boats of Com. Hood's squadron, attacked two corvettes at the mouth of the Garonne, and bro't off one, Le Cæsar of 18 guns and 87 men.
The French frigate Le Rhin, of 44 guns, has been captured by the Mars, and arrived at Plymouth. Le Rhin, was one of four frigates on their return from the West-Indies.
Capture of the Fr. frigate La Guerriere.
In Monday's Statesman, we inserted the admiralty account of the capture of the French frigate La Guerriere, of 50 guns, with a complement of 317 men, by his majesty's ship
Blanche. We now feel a pleasure in copying from last night's Gazette the particulars of an action so honorable to our gallant tars. Indeed, they always go to battle confident of victory; and as that confidence is the result of a national consciousness of their own superior skill and courage it animates them to such exertions as seldom fail to command success. In a sharp contest of forty-five minutes, the crew of the enemy was sadly reduced by our destructive fire: twenty were killed, and thirty wounded, ten of them dangerously; though we had not a man killed, and only three wounded, one of them supposed to be in danger. The French ship also, as well as her crew, suffered very severely, while the damages of the Blanche were confined to the top-masts, rigging, and sails.
Admiralty-Office, July 29, 1806.
Copy of a letter from the Right Hon. Lord Keith, K. B. Admiral of the White, &c. &c. to William Marsden, Esq. dated on board the Edgar, off Ramsgate, 27th July, 1806.
SIR—I have the satisfaction of transmitting for their Lordships' information, a copy of a Letter which I have received from Capt. Lavie, of his Majesty's ship the Blanche, acquainting me with the capture, in the latitude of The Ferroe islands, of the French frigate La Guerriere, one of the enemy's squadron that has been harassing our ships employed on the Greenland fisheries.
Their Lordships will have great pleasure in observing, from the list annexed to Capt. Lavie's report, that in consequence of his good conduct, this large frigate has been carried with very little loss on our part, and that he speaks in terms of high commendation of Lieutenant Davies and the rest of the Blanche's officers and ship's company.
I have the honour to be, &c.
KEITH, Admiral.
His Majesty's ship Blanche, Yarmouth Roads, July 26, 1806.
MY LORD—I have the honour to acquaint you of my return to Yarmouth Roads, haying in company La Guerriere French frigate, commanded by Monsieur Hubert (of the Legion of Honour) whom I captured on the 19th instant, in latitude 62 deg. N. off the Ferroe Islands, after a sharp contest of forty-five minutes.
La Guerriere is of the largest class of frigates, mounting fifty guns, with a complement of three hundred and seventeen men, but these were soon sadly reduced by our destructive fire, and the ship has also suffered very severely, while the damages of the Blanche are confined to the top-masts, rigging, and sails.
It now becomes a pleasing duty to beg you to recommend Lieutenant Henry Thomas Davies to their Lordships' notice, and to speak in terms of respect of his general good conduct, as also of Lieutenants Bastin and Allan; of Mr. Robertson, the master, and Lieut. John Campbell of the marines.
The warrant officers, midshipmen and ship's company are likewise entitled to my warmest praise.
I have, &c. THOMAS DAVIE.
The Rt. Hon. Lord Keith, &c. &c.
AUG. 9.
We are happy to be enabled to state, that the discussions respecting Peace between this country & France, have at last reached the point of maturity which requires the agency of a regularly accredited Minister.
It was in March, we believe, that the pacific discussion commenced between the two Governments. In five months, therefore, it must be supposed that the main points have been discussed and the principal difficulties removed.

The Whitechapel Volunteers have enrolled themselves according to the specifications of Mr. Windham's act; and on Thursday next they will have a grand field day on the occasion, in the London Fields.
Several letters from Paris affirm, that Bonaparte intends, on a peace being concluded between this Country and France, to engage some of the most able English Councillors to watch and inspect the British press, and to prosecute without mercy all persons who dare to write or to speak any thing concerning the meanness and vices of his family, of his past crimes or present tyranny. Some new regulations of the limits of the Liberty of the press, with regard to English newspapers, have, according to the same letters, already been insisted upon by Talleyrand and his Master, in the discussions of Gen. Clark with Lord Yarmouth.
The troops that have for some time been wind-bound at Portsmouth, commanded by Generals Grey and Achmuty, are first to go to the Cape of Good Hope.
The Captain of the Gurriere, on his arrival at Chatham, was treated by the French prisoners on board the Buckingham and Sandwich prison-ships, with every mark of contempt and derision in their power.
It is generally understood that one of the threats held out by Bonaparte during the present Negotiation, has been, that if Great-Britain would not consent to a peace he would invade Portugal, and either annex it to his dominions, or bestow it on one of his relations.
The furniture of a superb state bed was lately worked in China, and intended as a present to the Spanish Prince of Peace. The ship in which it was sent to its illustrious owner having been captured by a British vessel, this magnificent piece of furniture was purchased by Mr. Goldsmith who has since presented it to the Prince of Wales.
It must be remembered that three hundred thousand pounds were voted by the House of Commons to the brave crews who were engaged in the battle off Trafalgar, as a remuneration for the loss of their prizes after the action. It is also known, that, in consequence of the liberal provision granted by Parliament, to the family of Lord Nelson, Government thought it expedient to exclude his heirs, from any share in the money granted by Parliament. However, some of the Legatees under Lord Nelson's Will applied to Mr. Abraham Goldsmith, as the intimate friend of the late Lord Nelson, to interpose with Government on the occasion.—That Gentleman accordingly represented to Ministers the injuries those persons would sustain, if the resolution to their prejudice was not rescinded, as the Will of Lord Nelson could not be carried into effect, without the due proportion of the money voted by Parliament. Lord Nelson had bequeathed in legacies upwards of 30,000 l. and there did not remain more than ten to twelve thousand pounds, to answer that amount. On re-considering the subject, Government agreed to rescind their former resolution, and upwards of 18,000 l. has been accordingly paid, to fulfil the purposes of Lord Nelson's Will.
NASSAU, N. P. SEPT. 2.
We regret much to have to record the unfortunate and serious disasters occasioned by one of the most violent gales of wind which has been experienced in these islands for several years; it commenced on Sunday morning about 2 o'clock, from the north east, and continued with equal violence till about the same hour in the afternoon, by which time the wind shifted to the south east, and several vessels driven ashore, and others injured.
Schooner Speedwell, Capt. Yellowly, returning from New-York, experienced a severe gale at sea about 11 days ago, which carried her main-mast by the board—caused her much other damage, and obliged the crew to keep continually pumping, arrived off the bar on Saturday evening, but, from her
distressed situation was unable to make the harbor—the same night, in the gale, she was cast ashore on North's Key, when the vessel immediately sunk, and with the greatest difficulty the captain and crew were enabled to save their lives.
Domestic Occurrences.
OHIO. CINCINNATI, SEPT. 2.
WE learn, that Capt. SPARKS of the 2d U. S. regiment, and a number of his men, have been made prisoners by the Spaniards; and that Lt. Col. CUSHING, of the same regiment, was marching in quest of the captors.
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA.
WASHINGTON, SEPT. 28. IMPORTANT.
We have received advices from our correspondent near Natchitoches, that the Spaniards are in force, about 1000 men within 3 days march, determined to repossess them of the territory they were driven from last winter by order of our government. The troops to oppose this force, our correspondent writes, is not more than half that number. Some reinforcement was expected; but should it not arrive in time, our gallant countrymen were resolved not to dishonour the name of Americans. Things have begun already to wear the most serious aspect in that quarter.
VIRGINIA. NORFOLK, SEPT. 18.
In a part of the last edition of our paper, we gave a hasty account of the destruction of the French line of battle ship L'Impetueux, of 74 guns, commanded by Monsieur Leveyer Belais, member of the Legion of Honour.—Since then we have conversed with some of the officers of the French ship, who say, that in a violent gale on the 19th of August, in lat. 26, she was totally dismasted, her rudder broke, water casks broke, and all the powder wet and destroyed; they were obliged to throw all their guns overboard, except the lower tier, to keep her afloat. After being in this deplorable state for twenty-three days, short of provisions, and not a drop of fresh water, early on Sunday morning last they descried two British men of war, a frigate and an armed brig, being then about twelve miles off shore to the S. of Cape Henry; that soon after they were taken at sea they immediately made for the shore, on which they ran the ship before the British got within shot, having with their colors a signal of distress also hoisted. They state that the frigate commenced firing upon them when they were aground and within a mile of the land, and continued the fire until the colors and sails were lowered—during this time the two line of battle ships were at anchor within long-shot—that the crew of the first boat which came on board from the frigate behaved with much civility, but when the marines came they conducted themselves with rudeness. That the captain of the French ship expostulated with them, stating that they were on neutral ground, but to no effect, for after taking out what of the crew that did not jump overboard, they set fire to her, and effectually destroyed her. The L'Impetueux, had near 700 men; those taken on board the frigate have been sent up from Hampton Roads and are now comfortably lodged in the hospital at Ferry Point.
The L'Impetueux was one of Willoamey's squadron, and of which Jerome was second in command in the Veteran, which ship passed from the squadron in the lat. of New-York, 20 or 30 days before the gale, and has never since been heard of, strongly suspected she has foundered. They fell in with the Foudroyant, (the admiral's ship) three days after the gale, totally dismasted, rudder gone and nearly a wreck—suppose she has got into the Havana. The César and Valereuse frigates, belonging to this squadron, are also missing.
Commendation is due to Mr. Myers, who on hearing of the deplorable situation of the poor fellows who were on shore, and who were making the best of their way for this place, without clothes, and without victuals, immediately sent carriages, with provisions and clothes, to meet them.
SEPT. 28.
On Sunday the British ship Bellona, Capt. Douglas, of 74 guns, anchored in Hampton Roads.—There were four other British men of war in sight of Cape Henry. The Melampus which was in the Roads for some days, sailed yesterday.
MARYLAND. BALTIMORE, SEPT. 22. MORE MAMMOTHS.
There is now in this city a Traveller from the banks of the Missouri—he has in his possession an enormous "TOOTH" of the "MAMMOTH."—He declares, that while searching for mines on the banks of that river, he and his comrades discovered a tract of ground of about one mile square, containing (six feet below the surface) a general layer of bones of an immense size. He offers to contract for the entire skeleton of a MAMMOTH that shall be 64 feet long and 23 in height, deliverable next September in this city.
The middle claw of the fore foot is 7 feet 8 inches from its extreme point to where it joins the foot; and in each jaw are eight enormous grinders, four above and four below; but, he said, his party were unable to discover whether the animal had a tail when lying, or otherwise. He presumes these bones have lain since the flood, in their present condition. He carried the tooth to the MUSEUM.
PENNSYLVANIA.
PHILADELPHIA, SEPT. 25. ATTEMPT AT MAIL ROBBERY.
On Tuesday night last a daring attempt was made to rob the mail between this city and New-York, by a gang, with whom it is believed the driver was in the league. The spirited exertions of the passengers prevented the execution of the attempt, and one of the villains, with the driver, was secured, and committed.
STATE OF NEW-YORK.
NEW-YORK, SEPT. 26.
The following information was received yesterday from our Baltimore correspondents:
AN AMERICAN-SPANISH WAR.—An extract of a letter, dated New-Orleans, August 22d, says—"By a letter which arrived in town this day, we are informed, that 900 Spaniards have passed over the Sabine river, and stationed themselves within 12 miles of Natchitoches. The American troops are now making preparations to meet them."
Extra of a letter from a gentleman of high respectability in Wilkinson county Mississippi Territory, to his friend in this city, dated the 18th August, 1806.
"I have only time to state to you briefly, an express has just passed to Natchez from Natchitoches, with dispatches to Gov. Clairborne, Gen. Wilkinson, or our own governor (perhaps to all of them); he (the express) avows that a Spanish force of 800 soldiers, and nearly as many Indians, were on their march for and within a few miles of the Adais, a post 18 miles from Natchitoches, far within our limits, and from which they were last year driven by a party of our troops, under Capt. Turner. If this is true, and of which there is not a doubt, we shall have a brush; for surely our government will not submit to their occupying a post, from which they have been once driven."
"Eight days ago, a duel was fought near Fort Adams, by Nathaniel Evans, Esq. and Capt. Richmond, of the U. S. army, in which the latter fell; he was shot dead. Mr. Evans is a worthy man, respected by all who knew him; and although I have not heard the particulars, I have no doubt there was no getting over this fatal rencontre. Another duel has also been fought at Natchez, one of the parties wounded in the knee; and another at Point-Coupee, one of the parties wounded in the chest, and will die."
From the same, to the same, dated Aug. 21.
"I wrote you by last mail, informing you a considerable Spanish force was advancing towards Natchitoches, our western frontier. It is now well ascertained that Gov. Arana, with about 1000 men, and some Indians, has taken possession of the Adais, a post from which they were driven by Capt. Turner last year. Gov. Arana has declared to our commandant at Natchitoches (Col. Cushing) that his intention is to take and keep for his king and master, the territory between the Sabine river and the Arago Hondo (sometimes called the Noodokos) about 60 miles from Natchitoches. Col. Cushing is manoeuvring his troops, and will be joined by Col. Kingberry and his detachment, from Fort Adams; what will there be done it is impossible to conjecture, whether they will be suffered to take the boasted Louisiana back by small districts, or to drive us into the Gulf Stream at one stroke, is yet to be ascertained. They have so long plundered us with impunity, takes our citizens from within our own limits, and have gone unpunished, that we have little hope of relief from our general government; and I am fearful, situated as we are, with but a small number of regular troops, a badly organized militia; approximating to the Floridas, a great many of the inhabitants of which are old Tories and cut-throats; surrounded by a great number of Indian tribes, with whom we have reason to believe our neighbours are constantly intriguing, we are much more critically situated than our general government have any idea of; convinced as our administration must be, of the immense value of Louisiana, equal to any part of our continent of the same magnitude, and, I believe, of more importance, it would appear strange why it is left so long in a defenceless condition."
EXTRACT—Mississippi territory, Aug. 19.
"Gov. Clairborne was here all last week, and being called by express, left Natchez yesterday morning. The Spanish party that had been sent to stop our exploring party (under Freeman) had arrived at the Cado town on the Red River, 20 days after our party had passed the same place, and finding the American flag flying there cut it down and rebuked the Indians for suffering it to be set up or us to enter the Spanish territory. The Cado chief replied that the Cados were an independent people, and the Americans their friends, and they would protect them."
"The Spaniards set off in pursuit of our party up the Red River, but they had got 150 or 200 miles in advance of them, 600 Spanish cavalry had arrived at the Sabine and crossed,
possessed themselves of the post from which Capt. Turner had driven them last spring.—This circumstance required the presence of the governor to call out the militia which he had been organizing for some previous time."
An old soldier from the Apalache country, who passed here to day met Gov. Clairborne yesterday 20 miles beyond the Mississippi, he had tired one horse and had got another, and proceeded rapidly on his journey. Before he left the Apalache, the militia there had been called out to aid the regular troops and the spirit of the people was very much roused. Col. Cushing had determined to fight the Spaniards who had crossed the Sabine. The troops under his command at Natchitoches may be about 500 regulars; the militia of this territory are ordered to be in readiness.
"The soldier reports from Apalache that 2000 more Spaniards were on their way to the Sabine with 500 mules laden with provisions, &c. This is true, will make a force superior in number to our regulars; and some entertain doubts, though I do not, of the attachment of the militia on the other side. In this territory we can without difficulty have 700 or 1000 volunteers at a few hours notice, and whole activity will render them fit for immediate service. At any rate if the Spaniards but come down, we shall be able to give a good account of them. The Spaniards report, that they mean to re-occupy all the Louisiana country, and say they have emissaries in the U. States."
Another letter, dated 25th Aug.
Since my former letter another express arrived at Fort Adams from Natchitoches, advising that the Spanish forces had arrived, within 20 miles of that post, and that all the troops at Fort Adams were ordered to march to the assistance of the garrison at Natchitoches which expected to be attacked before they could arrive there. Advices from Loston Heights, from an authentic source, confirm these accounts, and add that all the troops were to march from the heights the day before yesterday; the post will be left in charge of an officer and a strong militia body, to guard 3000 stand of arms and 30 pieces of cannon which our government prudently placed here long ago as a provision against exigencies.
"Gen. Wilkinson has not yet come down the river. Col. Cushing, who is said to be an able officer, commands at Natchitoches, but united with the force from Fort Adams will hardly exceed 700 men; the Spaniards have 900 horse, 2000 infantry, near the Sabine.—So that our American metal will be now tried, and our enterprise and intrepidity will have both a fair opportunity for exertion and for giving a striking example to these unjustifiable violators of treaties."
"This territory contains five militia regiments, the eldest commanding officer is Col. Ozman; if called into service, we shall want two brigadiers and a major general, which no doubt the President will make."
SEPT. 30.
Capt. Gold, from Porto Rico, informs, that Gen. Miranda, with 600 men, had landed in the Gulph of Core, and was immediately joined by 10,000 well disciplined men, and it was expected he would soon overrun the country. This news was received by a British ship, and was believed. Capt. G. (who believes the news) says Miranda landed about the 25th of August. The news was received at Porto Rico on the 8th of September.
A letter from Porto Rico, dated Sept. 8, says, "We learn that Lord Miranda has landed at Core, and that ten thousand of the inhabitants have joined him—if so, (says the letter) the Spaniards are disbed."
OCT. 2.
Capt. Lidlie, who was sent by Miranda to Jamaica to solicit assistance from the Governor of that island, sailed from Port-Royal on the 24th August in the Ferret brig, having been unsuccessful in his application.
Letters are received in town which mention, that Miranda was still at Aruba, exercising his men and issuing proclamations.
Our verbal information from Halifax states, that letters were received by several gentlemen at that place, from their friends in England, advising that peace with France was confidently expected by the administration; but that the measure was by no means a popular one with the people of England, who looked upon such an event as fraught with the utmost danger. One of these letters, we understand, goes so far as to state, that Mr. Fox had fixed certain points in his instructions to Lord Lauderdale, which if not acceded to on the part of France, his Lordship was to break off the negotiation, and return to England immediately.
MASSACHUSETTS.
BOSTON, SEPT. 29.
NON-IMPORTATION LAW.
A body of the Philadelphia merchants have petitioned government for some explanation of the law of Congress, prohibiting, after the 15th of November next the importation of certain articles of British manufacture.—The following is the memorial and answer.
Philadelphia, 23d July, 1806.
PETER MUHLENBERG, Esq. COLLECTOR OF THE PORT OF PHILADELPHIA.
SIR—The importation from Great Britain and her dependencies, of certain goods,

wares, and merchandise, being prohibited after the 15th day of November next, by an act of Congress, passed on the 18th April last, and as the act does not particularly define sundry articles, which we have been in the habit of importing, and as a difference of opinion may exist between you and us, respecting them, and thereby subject us to inconvenience, and being desirous to avoid all future litigation, and to act perfectly consistent with the said act of Congress, we now address you with a view of obtaining the necessary information on the subject.
All articles of which leather is the material of chief value are prohibited—does razor cases come under this description?—they are composed in part of leather, but their chief value is in our opinion wood, or wood and paste.
Articles of which tin is the material of chief value are prohibited—does this apply to articles composed of tin plates, or japanned wares; or whether it means, manufactories of pewter, tonics, britannica, metal buttons, &c. Also, tin'd goods, such as spoons, forks, bits, buckles, &c.
Articles of which brass is the material of chief value are prohibited—brass being only a fictitious metal, or a composition of copper and lapi, calamine or zinc, we feel ourselves under some embarrassment respecting it, as princemetal and pinchbeck are composed of the same metals, only differently proportioned; also, bell metal, with the addition of about one tenth part tin—yet none of these are known as brass. In brass plate locks the greater weight of metal is brass, but the workmanship being principally directed to the wards, bolts, and keys, which are iron, the value when complete is, we understand, about one fifth part brass; gilt buttons are about two thirds copper; horn powder flasks are usually mounted with brass, except the steel spring, but the chief value is in our opinion horn and steel; varnished or composition cocks, have brass keys, but the chief value we conceive is iron—therefore does princemetal, pinchbeck, bell metal, brass in ingots and sheets, brass plate locks, gilt buttons, horn powder flasks, and varnished or composition cocks, or either of them, come under the prohibition? Woolen cloths above a certain value are prohibited—is webbing for girths of saddles, &c. included? Although the material be wool, it has never been termed cloth.
All manufactures of glass are prohibited—does spectacles with glass eyes, and inkstands with glass holders, come under this description?
Paper of every description is prohibited—does this affect manufactures of paper, such as spectacle cases, inkstands, snuff boxes, &c.
Nails and spikes are prohibited—are saddles or soft sails, (not being plated) saddler's sacks and clouts, and springs, included; and does it affect shoe tacks?—This being about the period of forwarding our orders for supplies of British manufactures for the ensuing spring, we beg you will be pleased to take the necessary steps to give us the earliest information on the foregoing inquiries.
(Signed) JOHN LOHRA, Chairman. JAMES WORTH, Secretary.
ANSWER.
Collector's Office, Philad. 13th Aug. 1806.
SIR—Your letter as chairman of a meeting of a number of Ironmongers, convened for the purpose of taking into consideration the effect which the act of Congress, prohibiting the importation of certain articles of British manufactures, may have on their importations, dated in July last, was duly transmitted to the Comptroller of the Treasury. We, for various reasons which it is unnecessary to enumerate, decline giving any opinion at present. You will please advise the parties present of the result of this business.
With sincere respect, I am your obedient servant, (SIGNED) JOHN CRAFF, Dep. Collector.
WARREN:
SATURDAY, OCT. 4, 1806.
The Post-Master-General had advertised a reward of 500 dollars for detecting a supposed robbery from the mail of two letters, each containing 2000 dollars, sent from Philadelphia to Petersburg, Virginia.
One of our London papers (says the Philadelphia Gazette) says, "we are happy to inform our readers, that after this day (1st August) no new vessel, or vessel which has not been employed during her last voyage in the slave trade, will be allowed, by law, to clear out at any of our custom houses for the coast of Africa, for slaves."
The British Cæsar of 80 guns, Captain Richardson, has arrived at Halifax, under jury-masts; she is one of Ad. Strachan's squadron which left Barbadoes on the 13th Aug. for the Chesapeake, in pursuit of Jerome Bonaparte. The Cæsar spoke on the 22d ult. the Terrible of 74 guns, which had lost all her masts—she was towed by the Decade frigate.
Intelligence is said to have been received at Halifax that 5 sail of Ad. Strachan's fleet had been dismasted in the gale of last month; and that several American vessels were met with in a similar situation.
On the 12th July, a Spanish fleet of six sail of the line, from Cartagena, was seen chasing two British frigates off that port:—and off Toulon, in July, a French fleet of four sail of the line and four frigates were seen just out from that port.
The Marquis de Casa Calvo and suite have taken passage in the fchr. Mindwell, for Malaga, and sailed on Saturday last.
The Bomb Ketches Arca, Lt. Jones; and Veloxius, Lt. Leonard; with Gun Boats No. 11, Lt. Bainbridge, and No. 12, Lt. Dexter, now lying in New-York, will, we are told sail the 2d inst. for New-Orleans.
Capt. Slocum, of the sloop Semiramis, arrived at New-York, from Charleston, informs, that on Sunday the 21st ult. off the Capes of Virginia, he fell in with Sir John Borlase Warren's squadron, consisting of the following ships, viz. Foudroyant, Courageux, Namur, Ramage, Fame, Hero, and Amazon frigate.
PEACE.—The probability of this important event is strengthened from the circumstance of the news having been sent from Paris to Cadiz.
By EXPRESS. We have seen a letter of the 13th of Aug. from Cadiz, from one of the first houses there.—This letter says "Last Sunday the agreeable news of Peace between England, France, &c. reached us—signed at Paris on the 30th ult."
Capt. Dowdall, from Cadiz, informs, that news of Peace had been received there, and rejoicings had taken place—but on the day before he sailed, an express arrived from England with advices that the negotiations had been broken off! This report occasioned a fall of the stocks of 7 per cent.
FRENCH AND ENGLISH SQUADRONS.
Two others of Ad. WILLAUMEZ's squadron have been heard of since our last. Le Foudroyant, of 80 guns, the admiral's flag ship, was dismasted in the gale, and bore away for Havre. On the 23d August, Le Veteran, 74 guns, Capt. Jerome Bonaparte, (which left the squadron early in August, off New-York) was spoken, well on her way to Europe. Le Cassard, of 74 guns, Capt. Fauré, is the only ship of this squadron not heard of. [Bost. Cen.]
Of Admiral STRACHAN's squadron, the Bellisle, of 80, Bellona 74, Triumph 74, (bearing the admiral's flag) and Melampus 36, are off the Capes of Virginia. The Cæsar, of 80, (late Ad. S's flag ship) has arrived at Halifax, dismasted. The Audacious 74, Montague 74, and La Decade 36, have not been heard of since the gale.
THE JAMAICA FLEET:
It is now said, when it left that island, 29th July, consisted of 108 sail, convoyed by the Veteran 64, Magicienne 32, Le Franchise 36, and Penguin 18. This fleet encountered the gale, N. E. of the Gulph on the 21st August, when the Veteran and Magicienne, being dismasted, made for Bermuda; ten of the merchantmen were seen to founder: and on the 6th Sept. the residue, 72 in number, were spoken, in lat. 35. long. 63, convoyed by La Franchise and Penguin.
COMMERCIALLY IMPORTANT.
Masters of vessels, and letters, from Antigua, inform us of the following new cause for condemnation of American vessels:—"The brig Triton, Capt. PRENTISS," says a letter of the 23d August, "was brought into this port from Martinique, bound to Portland, with a cargo of molasses and sugar. It appeared that this vessel sailed from Portland, with a cargo of lumber, provisions, &c. touched at Barbadoes, where she sold such part of her cargo as was admissible, received the payment in cash and bills; proceeded to Martinique, where she sold the remainder of her cargo, and purchased sugar, &c. with the cash and bills received at Barbadoes, and the proceeds of the cargo carried to Martinique. The captors contended that it was not a direct voyage from the neutral port to the colony of the enemy, but a circuitous route, which was illegal, as it was not permitted by the instructions issued at the commencement of the war. That neutrals were only allowed to trade directly between the colonies of the enemy and their own country; that such a trade as the vessel was engaged in, was of a most injurious consequence to Great-Britain, and ought not to be tolerated; that the illegality consisted in receiving money and bills at Barbadoes, and trading with them at Martinique. The Judge was of opinion that the act of selling part of the cargo at a British island, and the remainder at a French island, was a circuitous and indirect trade, and not being within the letter of the instructions, made the voyage illegal.—He therefore condemned the whole property so engaged. An appeal was prayed on the part of the claimant."
BLOCKADE OF VENICE.
The London Gazette of the 29th July, contains the following official notice, viz.
Drawing Street, July 26, 1806.
The King has been pleased to cause it to be signified by the Rt. Hon. CHARLES JAMES FOX, His Majesty's Principal Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, to the Ministers of friendly and neutral powers residing at this Court, that His Majesty has judged it expedient (for the protection of his subjects, and the annoyance of his enemies) to establish the most rigorous blockade at the entrance of the port of Venice, and to maintain and enforce the same in the British manner, according to the usages of war acknowledged and observed in similar cases; and that the port of Venice shall be considered as being in a state of blockade; and that from this time all the measures authorized by the laws of nations, add the respective treaties between His Majesty and the different friendly and neutral powers, will be adopted and executed with respect to all vessels attempting to violate the said blockade.
The above was published in the London Gazette only four days before Lord LAUDERDALE set out from London for Paris. Its aspect is to the full as anti-pacific, as the departure of his Lordship is favourable to peace.
MARRIED.
At Newport, on Tuesday evening the 23d ult. by the Rev. Joshua Bradley, Mr. EDWARD STANHOPE, to Miss RUAMBY DUNBAR, daughter of Mr. Robert Dunbar.—On Thursday evening the 24th ult. by the Rev. Mr. Patten, Mr. WILLIAM THURSTON, to Miss PATIENCE YOUNG, daughter of Mr. Samuel Young.
DIED.
At Newport, on the 24th ult. Miss MARY CORNELL, widow of the late Capt. William Cornell, in the 53d year of her age.
At New-Orleans, Col. FREDERICK H. BARON DE WIESENFIELD, aged 78; he was a native of Prussia, and a Colonel in the American revolutionary army.
SHIP NEWS.
STATE OF RHODE-ISLAND.
DISTRICT OF NEWPORT.
ENTERED. FROM Sloop Golden-Age, Justin, New-York CLEARED. FOR Sloop Golden-Age, Justin, New-York Ship Charles & Harriot, Tisdale, Cape of Good Hope Eagle, Shearman, Africa
DISTRICT OF PROVIDENCE.
ENTERED. FROM Sloop Juno, Comstock, New-York Arvin, Chatly, Norfolk Brig Perseverance, Bowler, Lisbon Providence Spooner, Surinam Hiram, Ruggles, Matanzies Ship Charlotte, Cooke, Amsterdam CLEARED. FOR Sloop Ann, Comstock, New-York New-York, Williams, ditto Maria, Hull, ditto Providence, Brown, ditto Brig Mary-Ann, Allen, St. Croix
DISTRICT OF BRISTOL.
ENTERED. FROM Sloop Ann & Sarah, Justin, New-York Sally & Ann, Church, ditto Fame, Bliss, ditto Brig Three-Sisters, Lindsey, Havana Ship Charlotte, Sabin, ditto William Bradford, Fales, Rotterdam CLEARED. FOR Schr. Concord, Bosworth, Africa Ship Agent, Eddy, ditto
BOSTON, SEPT. 29.
Arrived, fchr. Venus, Allen, Halifax 6 days.—The Venus was freighted by Mr. J. Carrare, of Baltimore, was taken on her passage from Baltimore to Bordeaux, and carried into Halifax. It appeared that some papers were found concealed in the head of a cask, belonging to the cargo of said fchr marked No. 36, which papers were referred to a letter found among the papers of said fchr written with sympathetic ink and signed "John Carrare;" and on the trial the papers so said to be found secreted were produced into court. The judge having heard counsel on both sides, decreed that the said fchr should be restored to the claimants, and further decreed, that the whole of the cargo, excepting the captain's private adventure, should be condemned on the ground of the papers having been concealed by the said John Carrare, and the owners of the fchr should be paid the freight of the cargo.
NEW YORK, OCT. 2.
Arrived last night, as far as the Narrows, the ship Eliza, Waterman, from Liverpool. Spoke, Sept. 18, lat. 41, long. 54. ship Augusta, Coumes, from Dublin, for New-York, having sprang her main-mast, and on the same day spoke an English West-India fleet, who informed me that they had experienced a heavy gale of wind, during the gale several of their convoy went down and foundered and several others wrecked—the convoy ship had on board three or four masters that took off the wrecks—they also informed that a squadron of French ships of war had dispersed and destroyed a Jamaica fleet. Sept. 22, off Nantucket shoals, spoke the fchr Harmony, Smith, who informed me that in lat. 30, long. 72, 30, he fell in with the Pelican, of Baltimore, bottom up, she appeared to have been wrecked only two or three days.
CHARLESTON, SEPT. 16.
Arrived, brig Eliza, Ut, 17 days from New-York. Capt. Ut failed from New-York the 25th of August—on the 2d inst. in lat. 39, long. 77, experienced a violent gale of wind, with a very heavy sea; at 11 A. M. drove the brig too; at 3 P. M. a sea struck her, which broke her on her beam ends, in which situation she lay for some time, when she righted; at 4 P. M. was again thrown on her beam ends, carried away her main-mast, lost her boats, binnacle, &c. shortly after the mast went over the side, the brig righted. Got up a jury-mast, and stood on our voyage. Sept. 5, in lat. 33, 33, fell in with the wreck of the sloop Ann, White, 13 days from Guadalupe for New-Haven; had been split and wrecked in the gale of the 2d; took off Capt. White and his crew. Sept. 13, fell in with the mast of a square-rigged vessel.
COMMERCIAL.
St. Thomas, Aug. 28. Markets, beef 11 dolls.—lumber 25—butter 20 cts.—flour 9 a 9 27—coffee 22—sugars 7 25 a 5 50—rum 35 cents.
Martinique, Aug. 30. Markets, very bad;—no kind of produce would sell; fish 5 dolls. if good—lumber 30—sugars 6 75 to 7 dolls.—molasses 40 cts.
LIKewise, from the Shop of Palmer Brown, Taylor, a quantity of Cloth and ready made Clothes.
100 DOLLARS REWARD,
is offered for apprehending the Thief or Thieves, that they may be brought to Justice, and will be paid by the Subscribers; any information respecting the above Goods will be received as a favour and duly rewarded.
JOHN W. BOURN, } Cem. SAMUEL SMITH, 2d. JOHN WARDWELL. }
*Bristol, Sept. 17, 1806.
TO BE SOLD.
At BARKER'S Hotel, Bristol, on Monday the 13th of Oct. next, at 12 o'Clock.
THAT well known beautiful FARM called the JENCKES FARM, situated on Boston neck, S. Kingstown, consisting of about 350 ACRES: for its excellent properties and advantageous situation, no mention need be made as they are well known. Conditions made known at time and place of Sale. Undoubted title will be given.
JAMES D'WOLFE,
Attorney to Abigail D'Wolfe.
*September 19, 1806.
FOR SALE, BY
Level Maxwell & Son, A quantity of COARSE & FINE SALT, of an excellent Quality.
*WARREN, SEPT. 12, 1806.
TO BE SOLD
At PUBLIC AUCTION,
On the 15th Day of October next.
THAT beautiful and handsomely situated HOUSE and LOT of LAND, with the out Buildings thereon, belonging to Mr. JOHN LUTHER.—Conditions of sale will be made known at said Time and Place.
BILLINGS WALDRON, Auctioneer.
*Bristol, Sept. 11, 1806.
FOUND
BY the Subscriber, between Bristol and Warren, on the 6th inst. a WATCH—the Owner may have it again on proving it his property and paying charges.
EBENEZER PECK, 3d.
Rehoboth, Sept. 9, 1806.
STRAYED from the Subscriber, about the 18th of June last, a small sized dark coloured Horse, 4 Years old, wore away a pair of Fetters, has been shod once, Trotts all, and has his Tail cut square.—Whoever will return said Horse, shall receive a just Reward and all necessary charges paid. JOSEPH REED. *Bristol, Sept. 2, 1806.
FOR SALE, BY
C. WHEATON & Wm. CARR, 62 Puncheons good flavored 3d Proof Antigua RUM. 9 Hogheads excellent retailing MOLASSES. *WARREN, AUG. 22.
FOR SALE,
THE staunch and well Built Brig COMMERCE, Burthen 106 Tons, now lying at the Wharf of Charles Collins, Esq. and can be fitted for sea at a small expence.—Apply to HENRY SISSON. *Warren, July 25, 1806.
ALL persons indebted to JOSIAH MUNRO by book or note, are requested to make immediate payment to the Subscriber; an Assignment of all his property being made for the express purpose of a speedy settlement with all concerned. N. M. BURR, Assignee. *Warren, July 4, 1806.
FOR SALE, BY
RUFUS & NATHAN M. BURR, 65 puncheons 3d proof Rum, Coarse Rock Salt, for the Diary, 14 half bbls. Mefs Mutton, 20 nest Molasses Casks, 2 bbls. R. Beef.
Terms of payment liberal. Inquire of the above. *Warren, May 10, 1806.

Diurnal Variation of the Compass.
MAGNETISM has but little investigated and of course its properties are but little understood. It is well known that on some parts of Globe, the magnetick needle points to the East, whilst in others it points to the West, of North—that in some places the variation is much greater than in others, and that in the same place it differs materially in the course of a few years. In addition to the absolute variation of the compass, there is a daily variation. From March to December, in the forenoon, the needle commonly varies from 10 to 15 minutes West, and in the afternoon returns to its station. It may also be added that the needle does not at all seasons of the year point alike in mornings, but differs in a different temperature of the air. The daily variation is the greatest and most regular from the vernal to the autumnal equinox. During that period the needle usually begins to vary about 8 or 9 o'clock in the morning, and by or before 12 o'clock gets to its greatest extremity. It then remains stationary until some time in the afternoon, when it begins to return, but does not often get quite back by sun-set, especially in hot weather. As the days shorten and the weather grows cold, the daily variation diminishes and is more irregular, and does not get to its full extent quite so early in the day, and it will often be the case that but little or no variation can be perceived. Since the 1st of May 1805, the writer of this has, with Rittenhouse's Compass, made more than 400 observations at different times in the day for the daily variation, and according to his minutes, the needle has fluctuated within a space of 25 minutes, as above stated.
An extract of a letter from a very celebrated Surveyor is here inserted, as a further account of this discovery, "I have, in a Magazine, an account of 4154 observations, made in the year 1797, with a needle of extreme sensibility, and these give the greatest daily difference 1 deg. 17 min. 58 sec. more than double to what you have yet found. The reason probably is that the best of common needles cannot be so much effected." Whether this is a satisfactory reason, will not here be a question. To what cause this difference is attributable, may be somewhat problematical. It is possible that the diurnal as well as the absolute variation may be greater in one place than in another; possibly the same local causes may in both instances produce the same effect. It is also possible that there might have been some small inaccuracy in both observations. A further, though not particular account of the daily variation is given in Williams' history of Vermont. Notwithstanding the casualties to which the compass is subject, such as variations and local attractions, it cannot be rejected from use, till some inventive genius shall provide a better guide which can be used with nearly equal expedition.
PYTHAGORAS.
Tolland County, Sept. 1806.
VINDICATION OF DRESS.
DRESS is an apparent ensign of delicacy and taste. It shews an innocent ambition to appear well, and the judgement of the wearers, by an elegance of style, in adorning themselves in those habits and colours which most improve what kind nature has bestowed. It displays an inherent spark of refined sentiment which is implanted in the heart, whose finest tints are exposed to view, without that dissimulation which is inseparably connected with almost every intention of the mind; and an honest endeavour to enhance that beauty with which the works of nature are so magnificently replete. The face of nature has its double annual changes. May sports in her gay green, from universal consent.—The spring's breast is bedecked with flowers, whose effusive odours intoxicate the harmonious warblers, and ring a song of extatick joy while they wanton in their pretty plumes. Fashion had its first impression from infinite wisdom. It has progressed through successive ages, and is ever the least delicate among the barbarous and uncivilized; but as genius shakes off the bond of obscurity, and man's noble soul is unfettered from despotick rudeness, this modern name of dress shall stamp the degree of improvement, and tell how far the morning sun of perfection has advanced. It is copied from nature's fairest works. Fancy, a bright image of the mind, secretly traces out some chosen objection which to rest its circumspective eye, and dandle on those charms which best concur with its native disposition. The rude heathen, is a stranger to that neatness and refinement in dress which is the brightest badge of improvement—his untutored foul knows not the tenderness which actuates the enlightened world. His robe is what nature has produced, without the efforts of man. He takes it as it is given, and his external visage amply demonstrates the rubbish which environs him within. But when his benighted mind which by nature is as great as Cæsar's, is once dawned upon by the opening day of liberty, he shall exemplify it by rendering his attire consonant to that improvement. The present mode is a grand criterion by which to determine the dignified advances of the present age, in the polish of the mind and manners, of delicacy and taste.
AEDRIA.
From the N. Y. COMMERCIAL ADVERTISER.
GOOD CIDER.
Directions for making sweet, clear CIDER, that shall retain its fine vinous flavour, and keep good for a long time in casks, like wine.
THERE are persons in this country who have for years been in the habit of making a particular fine rich and sweet Cider, which they sell from 6 to 10 dollars per barrel;—the method of doing it they have endeavoured to keep a profound secret.
The writer of this being acquainted with the art, is desirous that all Cider Makers may profit by it, and takes this method to make it more generally known.
It is of importance in making Cider, that the mill, the press, and all the materials be sweet and clean, and the straw clear from must. To make good Cider, fruit should be ripe, (but not rotten) and when the apples are ground, if the juice is left in the pumice for 24 hours, the Cider will be richer, softer and higher coloured; if the fruit is all of the same kind, it is generally thought that the Cider will be better; as the fermentation will certainly be more regular, which is of importance. The gathering and grinding the apples, and pressing out the juice, is a mere manual labour, performed with very little skill in the operator; but here the great art of making good Cider commences, for as soon as the juice is pressed out, nature begins to work a wonderful change in it. The juice, of fruit, if left to itself, will undergo three distinct fermentations, all of which change the quality and nature of this fluid. The first is the Vinous, the second the Acid, which makes it hard and prepares it for Vinegar; by the third it becomes putrid. The first fermentation is the only one the juice of apples should un-
dergo to make good Cider. It is this operation that separates the filth from the juice, and leaves it a clear, sweet vinous liquor. To preserve it in this state, is the grand secret; that is done by fumigating it with sulphur, which checks any further fermentation, and preserves it in its fine vinous state. It is to be wished that all Cider makers would make a trial of this method; it is attended with no expense, and but little trouble, &c will have its desired effect. I would recommend that the juice, as it comes from the press, be placed in open headed casks or vats; in this situation, it is most likely to undergo a proper fermentation, and the person attending may with great correctness ascertain when this first fermentation ceases; this is of some importance, and must be particularly attended to. The fermentation is attended with a hissing noise, bubbles rising to the surface and there forming a soft spongy crust over the liquor. When this crust begins to crack, and a white froth appears in the cracks level with the surface of the head, the fermentation is about stopping. At this time the liquor is in the fine genuine clear state, and must be drawn off immediately into clean casks; and this is the time to fumigate it with sulphur. To do this, take a strip of canvas, of about two inches broad and twelve long, dip this into melted sulphur, and when a few pails of racked cider are put into the cask set this match on fire & hold it in the cask till it is consumed, then bung the cask and shake it, that the liquor may incorporate with and retain the fumes; after this fill the cask, and bung it up. This cider, should be racked off again the latter part of February, or first of March; and if not as clear as you would wish it, put in isin-glass to fine it, and stir it well—then put the cask in a cool place, where it will not be disturbed, for the fining to settle. Cider prepared in this manner will keep sweet in casks for years.
It is certainly of great importance to the people of America, to cultivate the fruit, that is natural to the soil of this country, and to make the most of the fruit, which that soil produces; especially, when its produce is an article of value, and of great consumption in this country.
A lover of good Cider.
ELEGANT EXTRACT.
THE female mind is naturally sedulous, affectionate, and in its attachments, ardent. If, in her peculiar situation, her assiduities must be deemed in any degree culpable, let us remember that this is but a frail vessel of refined clay. When the awful record of her errors is enrolled, may that sigh which was breathed for the misery of a fellow-mortal waft away the scroll, and the tears which flowed for the calamities of others float the memorial down the stream of oblivion!
On the errors of women let us look with the allowance and humanity of men. Enchanting woman! thou balm of life! soother of sorrow! solace of the soul! How dost thou lessen the load of human misery, and lead the wretched into the valley of delight! Without thee, how heavily would man drag through a dreary world! but if the white hand of a fascinating female be twined round his arm, how joyous, how lightly doth he trip along the path!
That warm and tender friend, who in the most trying situations retains her fondness and in every change of fortune preserves unbated love, ought to be embraced as the first benison of Heaven—the completion of earthly happiness. Let man draw such a prize in the lottery of life, and glide down the stream of existence with such a partner; neither the cold, averted eyes of a summer friend, nor the frowns of an adverse fortune, should produce a pang nor excite a murmur.
Extracts from late London papers.
PARISIAN FASHIONS.
THE hats are of crape or silk, pale yellow, pink and pale yellow straw mixed with silk, white chip mixed with ribbon, all variegated in some way or another; immense bows of ribbon, and
uniformly fastened under the chin, but tied in a large bow on the top of the crown. Flowers are worn likewise in the front in imitation of those most in season; but the flower mostly admired is a kind of fancy rose of which half is white and half lilac, or half pink and half lilac. The number of hats in imitation of the men's is greatly augmented. They are worn with a large cockade in the front. These hats are called (but without the smallest reason) Pamilla hats. Why not as well call the present large hats of the men (which have frightful crowns, with broad brims) Basil hats?
Poke Bonnets continue as much in vogue as ever, with all their tassels, &c; all variegated likewise (as the hats), but in different ways. Handkerchiefs, like a Scotch plaid, are worn over these bonnets, and tied modestly under the chin. Some are chip, striped with pink ribbon; an immense bow of pink at the side, another before, and two behind.
Crape Gowns are quite the fashion at present, the favourite colour is grey shot with lilac; small bunches of white ribbon are worn with this dress, upon the sleeves, which are made with a double cuff, and exceedingly full; the same ornaments at the bottom of the petticoat all round; the waist is likewise ornamented with a large white bow behind, the same before, and the hat, which is nearly the colour of the dress, is literally covered with small white bows like half cockades.
The cashmere Shawls are going out, but another article of eastern commerce is introduced, viz. perfumes: all the shops of the perfumers are filled with little boxes containing various and costly scents: the boxes are differently shaped, and have Persian, Arabic and Chinese characters engraved or painted on their lids.
The shawls are not many at present: what there are, are of a beautiful white pink.
NOTICE.
THE Subscriber having been appointed Agent by sundry Officers and Soldiers and others holding evidences of the claims for Services done in the revolutionary War, in the Rhode-Island Brigade of Troops, commanded by Gen. CORNELL, for the purpose of obtaining from Congress, compensation for such Services, and having already been at the seat of Government and made considerable proficiency towards obtaining the object of his mission: as he contemplates another journey to Washington, at the ensuing session of Congress, for the purpose aforesaid, hereby gives this public notice, that all persons who may wish to employ him in the capacity aforesaid, will forward their respective Powers of Attorney to Providence, by mail (post free) by the 1st of November next, which shall receive punctual and faithful attention.
WILLIAM BARTON.
Providence, (R. I.) August 12, 1806.
* Those concerned, living in Warren, or its vicinity, will please call on JOSEPH WHITMAN, Esq. in Warren, who will give them whatever information on the subject they may wish.
ADVERTISEMENT.
THE Subscriber hereby gives notice, that there will be sold at PUBLIC AUCTION, in Somerset, Mass. on Monday the First day of December next, at 11 o'Clock, A. M. the following real Estates belonging to the heirs of SIMEON POTTER, Esq. late of Swansey, deceased, viz.
THE very pleasantly situated MANSION HOUSE, being the well known seat of the late Henry Bowers, Esq. with the out Houses and Eighty ACRES of Land adjoining, all under good improvement and well fenced with Stone-Wall. This seat presents one of the best views on the River, and is in the very heart of Somerset.
THE DWELLING-HOUSE, STORES and WHARF, heretofore belonging to Mr. Lloyd Bowers, this is confessedly the best stand in Somerset for Business. The Stores are ample and convenient, the Wharf is in good repair and well built, is at the head of the deep navigable water, and at ordinary Tides, Vessels of 200 Tons will float along side.
THE MANSION-HOUSE and LOT whereon it stands, fronting the Main-Street, and very conveniently situated for Business, heretofore the property of Mr. Caleb Bowers, subject to a right of Dower.
A TEN ACRE LOT at the head of broad Cove, a WOOD LOT of 12 Acres, and another of Three Acres. The above Estates will be Sold entire or in Lots as shall suit purchasers.—The Terms of Sale will be made known at the Time and Place of sale, which will be on the Premises. For any information that may be wanted about the Premises, apply to Mr. David Anthony, of Somerset.—By Order and in behalf of the Heirs of Col. Simeon Potter.
WILLIAM D'WOLFE,
Agent for the Heirs.
Bristol, June 13, 1806.