The Virginia gazette — Williamsburg, Va., 1776-06-07 00:00:00, page 2

siterest, either directly or 'mdirectly, for
himselfor his friend, under the penuhy of
asssisiheavy fine, and an exclusion from the
hoctsectof repr eu'tatives for ever; for it is
Yinemlly so d, that the people will
*" c ovse fight, is left to themselves. To
, checkche aristocratick principle, which a]
' ways inclines to tyranny, it will be neces
. sary to keep the representatives dependent
on the people, by annusial elections; and
pctths it may be thought a farther im
prove'mezzt, to establish ;: simiccd kind of
rofation, as a_sure and certain means of
dissusing the government into more hands,
and training up a greater number of able
shnesmen.
- Ann
But al, even under thele reltncuons,
an overgrown popularity may be dange—
rous to the sdfcly of the state, or zm arbi
trary representative body may find means
usimpoling partial temporary laws on the
people, it will be expedient to erect a se
cpud legiflative power, independent us the
first, or house of represetatives, consisting
osa small number osthe abiest men in the
nation, whose right it shall be to have a
negzttive on the lower house. These may
cnnsist of t':,'-ss-—elcctcd by a committee of
it,. in- ea'ch -c0unty,' chosen by the people
* softhat purposes 'l'his mode of election
ctyviil UbViJsitC the inconveniencies of a clmice
-_ the people at lafge, and remove the
! urdity of leaving it to the house of re
psifesentacttivcs; for as they would be the
were'creatnres of that body, they must
necessarily be subservient to their will and
pleasure. .
A third power r'nust aisu he estnbiished,
funconnected with ]egillation, and indepen
dcnt of either of the two branches, vi hose
sibusinesil shall be wholly executive of the
mliticsiil law! of the state. This power
look] he lotlgcd in one person only, for
the advantage of despatch and execution
ofbusiness, chosen out of'the upper house
ss si Of the legiflature, by a. majority of votes
'from the committees, to be. aided and
-a[}i'sted by th.upper house, in all cases of
Emergencies not susiiciently provided for
by the laws. This osiice should be uncon
Pected with the powers of legiflation, for
it 'is a solccism in politieksis to inveit the
different power: of legiflation, and the
execution of" the lsitws, in the same hands;
and as this power will be a trust of the
first importance, and the most dangerous
to liberty, it will be indispensabiy prudent
ctw sili it up in rotation.
;—
To all tnele dmercnt uepartments or
government, as well as to all others, such
moderate salar'xes ought to be affixed as to
' lace the sense of publicksi virtue higher
si- m the efflmat'mn of the people than the
thirst of gain; and lastly, an independent
Court of ju-licature should be establishcd,
- for dfil and criminal matters, to whom
'fyery— member in the state ought to be
subject,_ even unto death. '
Such an arrangement of the powers of
ovsirnment will ercct different orders of
men, who', like pa'rsities in the state, will
-mutu tlly watch and treshsi'ain the partiali
ties to which any particular party or inter
est may incline, and thus cstablish a go
ct' vernment which is most likely to inspire;
preserve, and exercise the virtue of its
members, and enforce astrict obedience
zt he les, which is the soundation of all
idea] liberty and national felicity; and
thus, too, wi" all government be old
msiltely in the hands ofthe people, whose
fightssit is . ])s—ZMOCRATICUS.
BOd'l'UN, Muylg.'
\VB learn by the extract: fisiom the St.
' jamss': Chronicle, of the 19th of
Mtrch, inserted in the Halsfilx gczzette,
the!! general Burgqyne wsiu to stliljor Que
beak wish lo,ooo troops, and retakc it ij'in
the hand; of the rebelctr, and thcnprocccd to
Ivlmtreal," St.?u/m's, (ye. That general
Cctsigc, and lord Howc, with 7ooo troops,
were to jo ":1 genrral Ho-we nt Bn/Ion, at
n'hichp/uce it is ]!cHug/cd :lure arc Suco.
(sage to remainguvcruuur es A cijjuch/jetu,
while the gzrneruls hawc: are: to attach um!
beat the rclvclsjrum their lust.: ; (lus) use tict ;;
taserr-"rc (hair cmburflalum, um: ];rmu-a tr)
New Yurk, [and there, and occujy tum]: !: .s
river, und proceed up and jam ):t'llksal Bur—
gnyne from ;ere/leck , am! q/ialz/zsh a chum o]
jbrts round New England. Ass), the! loo
fiziluffrigute: andjlusssiju o] War are taling!!!"
coast, it is said time deep, to me off ad
communication betwull the cowc. That
the above troops are to be Iuffiam. u-lxo
enter into [my [)(fbrc they mm ch, and Hauo
veriam and British; the jureigu stair: me
-/Zctbstdiedjbr :woyean after the trmssju stn-siss'l
be returned to Mfr own laud ugmu, :j'ez/Lr
itshozdsl be .
N ! W 'Y () lt K, A/Iuy 24.
LETTR from St". Eultutia, dared
April torthsi, says: A Vessei arrived
here tiom Whitchavcsin, that' spoke with
sir Peter Purker, who came out with a
fleet of 55 lf-il, bound sur America. He
had only with him at that time 14 sail,
having parted with the rest in a hard gale
of wind .
Yelterday a considerable fizing of" great
us was heard, and is supposed to be
from the shipping at Sand) Hook. The
reason we have not yet been able to learn.
By an express from uur army in Canacla,
who left it the 9Lh iultant at Point de
Chambeau , about 45 miles above {luebcck ,
we are informed or the following fiu'tlur
particulars nlziting to the situation of our
affairs in Canuda, \iz. That the sinallpux
being in our army at Qucbcck, OCCflsiUDCd
so many of them to be sick, and the rest
dispessed at different path, for the con
venience of quarteisis,' so that there were
but about zoo efi'ectivc men at head-quar
ters, where there was no intrcnchment nor
breastwork, not proper tuols to ercct :my,
and but about six days proviiiuns. That,
in a council of war, it was determined to
leave the place in two or three days; and
that general Wooster, vsith his own bag
gage, capt. Mottsi; and many others, had
set out on the return a day or two hcsctctre
the enesimy's ships and veflels (said to be
seven in all) appeared in light. That it
was supposul general Carleton had notice,
by spies or dc-icsirters, us the resolution to
abandon the siege, and the situaticn of
our camp; and on that information, con
cluded on the sadly, which was made on
the 6th (the same morning the ships came
up) with about 1200 men, and iix field
pieces. That by the dress ofthe mcsiu they
were supposed notho be regulnrs, but
people from the town. That on the un
expc cted appearance of the ships, and this
force, ourpeople quitted the place with
precipitation and coususion, lenvlng their
provision, baggage, cunnon, about 200
lick, andsievery thing else behind them.
That the cannon corsisilted of two 24
pounders, two 12 pounders, sexeral 6 and
4 pounders, some mortars, cohorns, and
howitzetsss, all of brass, with some iron
pieces, of varieus sizes. That it was
thought about too of the sick went off
with the small—pox on them, and that
they were generally the better for going
out; also, that most. osuur people lt'mu
the out—polts escaped, and got together.
That there was no firing on either side,
but that as our people proceeded up the
river, on shore, the melt ofwar follow ed,
tillnrarPoint de Chnmheau, whereourptu
ple made a stand, and the ships went down
the river. That on account osthe scarci
ty of provisions, and to avoid sickness,
general Thomas kept with him but nhuuc
500 men, intending to proceed up ur
down, according to his strength and ac
cummudations ; ;md that the (lunmlisims,
in general, were well disposed in our fa
vour. Great "numbers of our troops,
with prcvisinfi, nmnmnsiuivn, &csi Were
on (be any, ]sissnirgsi' l'un remuhd L)" llsi-e
h dncssi ul' xhc l'(>.""'1= ulzhh lz'sizcl l.utn su
-lmnc lime impctfisixlzh, um: ]rcvcmc'd the
;.rs'n six] of no uitd simd m uhsssiuics; but that
;: muchul unny , \\ c-H ctHH-imed am! pro
fuicd, mill this cct..x:2p:-i_-_;n probably re
lrici/c our afisi..'u's, and cumnourimpor.
tum cutcrpriic in lllsiel country with luc
(clik
PHILADl—LLPlllA, Alay 27.
"'HU RSDA Yastet noon. about 2 o'clcsick
L'ts excellsinq ;,sic ncrzt] \\ ASHINGTON
united in this citsiv, lrctsisim New Yul'k.
Last Saturday ;: nun-hcr of 'l'uries urriv
ed in this city il'nnl Nurth Cut't-huu, who
uet'c taken ptisuncrs at the battle mar
Mumc's Critk hridsie, and, after heing
examined beh-re thsi Lummittce utsiSatcty,
nere tent to j zil.
By express just. arn'n-td at New Yurk,
srom Button, \\ :: hsine the following in]
purtnnt inteHigu-Cc', \iz. 'I but the cun
tinenta] armed ic-hnomr the ]si'ranklm,
commanded hv capt. I-sugturd, on the
]7Ih instaht took and (:;xrncd into Button
:: ship from England, sthbul goo tum hur
then, mountui vsi'nh six csiu'riugc guns.
She lest England the 4ttx of April, in com
pany with nine ilil oftransctzurts, under
convey osa tsit'igzzte, bound sor Bolton,
not hzning set idea ot'the precipitate flight:
of'genem] Howe. She had on board 1530
barrels ot'powder, copper hnoped 5-1ooo
curbines, with huywcts, &c. lono cut"—
touch hoxcs; tcoo [sings , 1 spare travel
]ing cztrt'iage, 24 pcsiunder, heav); 4clitto,
1 2 pounder, light; 8 travelfingsi hamistsiikes
furditto; 84, hmu'lssist; 5000 bushel shnd
bags; 5'ooo hals-hm'hcl nittu; too mant
lets oi'curcd hidcs; 144 bruad—axcs; 50
hand—hammers; goo tk [ling axes; 5oo
hand-hntchets; 5'oo hsiutd—b'flh', 268 When]
barrows; [50 h'simd dittn; ]OOO common
spach 5; !50 ditcsihh-g chtto; 750 shud sho
,vds; 250 iron dittq; a qusimsiiy _ot'_tu'.*t-a-d
and white 'nsisipc; csixpcnterz and juincrs
tools of ull'lsiinds. 'l lcte ]wssade-r, arms,
&c. wcre still) l.ulded bctssurc the cxprsiss
]cfsit'Bt-stod.
,Capt. Mugshrd. after seeing hTs tctrize
silsc into hltz'htur (supposed to be worth
50,oool. sterling at least) was going out
again, but the tide making ag-tinlt him,
he came to an unchor oft Pu-u-ing but
point; and next morning, by bt'cdk of
day, the se-ntry ])c'rccitiug 13_ hunt: trsi'm
the men of war making up to the um],
he alarmed the ectptzsiin, who got evcry
thing rendy for their receptiots. Fne us
the bouts were sut-k; and the t'euuinder,
attempting to buzud, several of'the crews
hands' were cut off ;lb they hid them over
the gunwule. The l\r;-.\e catt. Mugtmd,
however, lost his life, in nuking .; blow
at the people in the bouts with a cutlass,
whilst he recei-ed & vmund in the breast;
on which he called to his ]iz nunsimt, " I
" anta dead nmn ; dun't give ."]! tue vclsi
" sel; yuu \\'1H_hc able to beat them ; if
" not, cut the C'sitb'zc, and run her on
" share." He expircd shortly after, and
the ]ieufenmt t' .u the wise] un llt()l'('., up
on which thsi- huats made off, lt i> thazusiizt
there were ut lull too mrn chxmnch asicl
kffled in the ho-zts, although we lust only
one msim :tml th:- c tpmin.
——-—m
VV1L L ] A 31 8 [5 U R G, 711778 7.
Y adviccs (rc-m M.:rlimca, v.c L'Jrll
thsiu the Ict'rencl1 generalandudnmsinl in
the VVest hadic-S'uill cczmmence hulsilnics
against ()rcctt Hximin lhcsimomcnt (h'sillsi lhc
imlependcnc us the Amcricun colonics is
authcnticutc—d 10 them. The nhnve ac
cmmt came,- lzy :1 vessel from that illctmd.
with a se .v n- ccsszusiicr -.
Bv an c\)n Us uhu ]] arrived m toun !} lS
evening (] um (I.:z (" Fu] r, \\ nh ]: [tus (.um
his cxud'ecncv gcnclJ l.ce m ln'Isisssi'siLHL-"l'—
gcncml Lcu'xd, dulul the lst inhant, me