Norfolk gazette and publick ledger — Norfolk [Va.], 1807-02-27 00:00:00, page 5

-i.* gbMtxrCouttfn*
K|wti Oirpfti art sU
Ot>motion%r<<
‘ “ I tile
Martial, e
court, as feflrijg#
of this w>tionrfoi£couttdccgH
date that it di«laimsvft1r joi5l*ilictioD not givca;by
the constitution, or-by the laws of the JJ. State*. ..
Courts which originate in the comnion law pos*
aess a jurisdiction which must be regulated by ‘tfa'dr
WVV H ju« (UMIV MUI> IMHW* MV iMLWiMtVM •»! »uyu
conqnoniawurrtiLsome statute shaft change their
established pnndpiss; but courts which are. created
defiled by
wrltteK j4w, e40w»t transcend that jurisdiction./' It
is unnecessary to. state the reasoning on which this
opinionfounded, because it'jN%:hee8 *^«tted$
giveiihythi* £durt; andwitbtbe decisions hereto*
lore rendered on tins point, aoiheipber of the bench
has, even fbr a mOTieht, beeh,<lissatiafied. The/rea
eoning from the bar, in relation^0 it* may bjti the
single observation, that for the meaning of the term
Hafcfr Cbfpu»,itslbfa may unquestionably he had
to the compion law ; but the power to award the
vrrithy any of thaeourtsof the li. States, must he
given hj|eommon'taw.F •K .■ *_■■■* f;«V
This opinion is not to be considered ns abridging
the power; of courts over their/own officers, or to
protect themselves, arid their inembeis, from being
disturbed in the exercise of their function's', ft ei
tends eply to the ppwef of taking cQgnizaneeofanjv
question betweenindividuals.or betweenthegovern^
ment and individuals. *• ‘ ’ ■>
io enable tin? court to decide omsurh fmtwt,
the power to determine it must lbe given by frifteo
The enquiry,thefefors on- tin* motion trill be,
wbetherby any statute, compatible with the coo-.;
etitution of the U. S. the power to award a writ of
Habeas Corpus, in si»6b a rase as that of Enrk Boll- i
man sfed Samuel Swartwout, has been gii/en to this’
court. ; \
The Ittbsectiop of the judicial-a* tj* has bean
considered as containing a substantive graotof tbit
power;-. • ,* -i.- ‘ - ' - . 'f1
It pf in these words: “ That all the before menti
oned courts of the United States sha.lhaye power
to issuO writs Of scire facias, Habeas Coreas, and all'
otber w^Utf not especially provided for by statute,
•wbicb. m^y be necessary for the exercise of their r*.
ftpectjve'jUrisdictions and agreeable to the principles
of law. And that either of the justices of the Su
premecourt, as well as the , judges of the district
courts shall have power to grant writs of Habeas
Corpus fot thepurpose of an enquiry into the cause of
commitment, Provided that writsjjf Habeas Cor
pus shall in no.cUse extend to pri:
less where they are in Custody under or by cj
the authority of the U. S. or are committed foy tri
al htfore some court of the tame, hr kii hecessary
toSpe brought into court'to testily.** 'v , ;, - -
' the only doubt of which this section cin he sus
ceptible is Whether the restrictive Words of the first
sefttpoce limit thepower to the awar&of such writ*
of Habeas Corpus &a are necessary to enable the
coUits of the U. S. to exercise their respective ju
risdictions in some cause whicb^hey'dre capable ol
finally deciding. T „/ M i
V? K has been urged that ,ifc strict grammatical cbii
fclructioii these words" refer to thd fasFSiitecedeiit;,
wjuch is, “ all other writs not
by statute,”' ' "
' This criticism may he correct, ano is.no
without its influence ; but the snudd construction
which the .Court thinks it safer to adopt, »&, that the
trtre^senSe of the word* is t«lbe determii^feby the
nature of the provision aud by the contest'. -'
It may he worthy xif remark that this act- was
passed by the first-congress' the United States,
siting under a' constitution Which bad declared
“ that the privilege of the 'writ yfiHobeas Corpus
“Should not be suspehded unless when iu cafeflfcef
'Rebellion or invasion the publick safety might re
wrung unaer me linmeoiaie muuencc orypis m
junction, they must have felt, with peculiar force,
the obligation of providing efficient lnetu»feyj*hirii
this great constitutional privilege should receive life
and activity> for if tho meahs be not ii\ ^is%«ce,
the privilege itself would be lost; although no law
fof its suspension should be enacted. ' L’nder the im
pression ait this obligation they give to all tjbeeqjirti
the power of toward iii^ Writs of Habetu CgrpUf.
It has been truly said tha,l this Hi
wild includesevery species of that writ..; ri’o tfejs it
njgy be added that When used singly-^when w#V say
fie writ of fiubeat Corpus, without addition—wft
mostgenerallv-mean that great writ wliirfc iwnow.
n#lN„for> and in thatsen* fr is used
stitution. - , .. - ^ ■*%>
* The section proededs tiifajr tB*£ftjjjthey of the
“justices of tli# supreme? wort,' a$ W#n judgea of
* the districtcourti, Sharia v# power to
‘fjnlothe causeofcotuniitiaent.. > -■
b "ft has h*ep argued that congress eouW never iw
tend to give-a power of. tbit. Bpi ^ atttfOf'iibl
~ of ftis coart which i# ttfirsedto oil of ibsltf
" ibled. O'
when's
eertaint^much
.Mftifcrecwps additional strength froBiihswitofd^'
ri|ti<nitfiat$f the poWerbedehifd to'tbifdovfc^iv
is «ufei|^«\^other|oirt of tha Uoftri Statifjk
tb« right to grant thikiroportant writ is given, »r
'this sentence, to^i»eyy juehps of the rifridt,>r di*-'
j|mr- a motion for this writ- wjjereiy might be upetv.
Ijr^ohdiV aiiid openly dtstus*psdt"^od>Wii^rt;
ia hi» chamber and iufpriva|ite-receive -afttJ&
niwhthe motloi*.' Tldi||««bt 'ri^»tei.r4(i|^
gceju* of. opr MjtslutiOb, nog muttb^counse Of
judicial ptroreeoujgs, :;;It would be much ' • “v'
wmBtf
stiver mciutss
hholdtrocatbe
l«i»onawl^fW<mi'indiK-s
Vi
, fto» fotfjrc<6ott%
:, tbcj
th^oMns or
W< • •
. ,. „ .,.v,.. used apjP^18^
finally. \ k ’il
> ', Tbe variooi <vrito of totef cor#** ^stKMIiaidf
actNanuely defined by judge Black.
C«fc'i2^J iirtr i8i, 'i'lie writ of iUtfffi corpu^igi,
reipondcndttr*, *i\vhfoamao baths eauseof ac#
tion against one wlio is confined bj the pro^ss, of
some inferiorcpnrt;
e^ndchargelfiiuviUi tlfifoew actinia tbeccurt
itforc,*. '• iT. ^ - .,.v1 . * '
Tliis case may occurwhen a parly*baving a'right
tosneio this court, (at'aetdte at the time of the
passaged* this net,** a &vreka,iti|akfer) wnlies to
lflstityt^rigfiitagaUiSt a persa»^h^» alreadycoO
fioed bythe provesshf an Inferhiy court. Th»-f<**
tenement maybeieitber by the MKesao?* rodft'of
;the UnitedtUatet, or ofa ka/*eoUrt._ If it be in a
<&|# of |S»f this writ would $e ifiappfc.
i cahfe, becausoperfectly useless, amt consesjttentfy
could no&Te contemplated by the legislature. It
wouldnot be required, in shrh «see^tajbriag‘;,tfe«r
dody.of' the defendant nrttmlly- into court, aodhe
rfdutdt) ready be in the charge of the persofi a»ho»
under an origins) *tjt from this corn t woddhedi
lected to take him into custody; find would already
he confined in the aSow jaib in whhrh ha eFotdd he"
fiynimed under the process of this court ffhesbedW
hd,unable to give hailyt SU\.
'M lhe party 'should be confined by process ^op a
Stfis-ieourtj there .are many^;!additiopal'irpaa£»is'
against tbe use-of this writ in such a mw.. " -
j The state courts at*;. nothin anrjTaeOii'ini the
♦onliw/mor ftKHi*, except m v* particular cases
'to whfch ae appeal licaftem tb«r judgment to ibis
towt and in these caaesthe mode pfiww.spW.U
particularly prescribed, and MpnOt-by
'Hiey are not inferior courts became-tbiy rtosiart *
frmy* diflHrent authinty, tod^s^ c»*tttn»s ft
; a distinct gotrerntftfflfit... v-' „,*v+ . ‘W]
2d.* Tbewrit •£ Meat cwrjm mi so/jT v
“ when a; prisoner hath badjitdg«#e»»t<ak
\lt> ao sfctio^ iirid the plaintiff isdesirwis^to_,.0
biuj «P titjpime supeiMiIcnsrt ^ ciiatm.hji*;t|jjb
prumsof i.>'
*lijis past caut never occdr » tbc enactsdftbe
1 United Stufc^v Ope coflri uever;nwsida execution
qd the judgment of ano^r,AOnrwhofcjimdienl
systemforbidsit. •.„ ■.*-/" >.**?'•
3d. Jdjtroteptendum,ItHi/ietmdm,delkeairtdum,
&e._“>rhi^h »sps wheajtjs necessaryto renaovs
apnStfnftyiooftlerto pyoWcute, or Uisr le»timr>»y
to any court, or to bo tried in the proper jurisdic
tion wbereitf the feet j#a*’ committed^;;-.: v r*
t writ wight unquestionably bajemptoyedAo
bring op a priswnerto.bp; :'lgstinpny;H» a court,
consistently With tfte 'BKJSt lhjtiited Construction
; «* Mfe words in Alp ifcctof congress ;lmt tbepptter
to bring a pjiso* tlftt Ife may be tried in ihepruper
junsdfcii«}» -i| understood to ferfths Very faction
no* before the court. , .....
1, "4»b and last, .“ jlUe common wriVW /octdrdaM H
otit ofahy'of (hecourts
ofWestmins^r ilaltj when a persop Is sued in come
inferior jurisdiction, and is *^<>us |fe tenwye tie
*ftiori into tlwiguaeriOr rtmnJ^#»u.»anai«t« ttw. j„,
to jprd(hfefe-Uie.%|^^nf
•together with the day nhd
detefliil^Wben,; t|»e writ is
w hatnot curput cam cm'it
-what..
.deer the kmgu court sbi.r_
-balf.
Tbfefe'rU is grrfiltahW 4>f connnim >.B„
without
an v inoUon in, court, ifei.ft instantly: Supercefe* alt
proceedings, in tbecotirt below.* » ■ .'t- ^ ... i
. Cana solemn gfejnfOf po wefto «.extortto-award
•jdiit W consideftd as applicable $ a'paselfj' which
ferns by^^pbot
r thodpuya ot ib*..dinrt %*“. ->**•>'
It would not be difficultto demedsfrutfetbal th«,
trdi t&i$tnu ctityw ctm'q&na teimottol tbe. pat*
tictthrfvru contemplated Jsy the l^awlataof ip' the
section unit coWd'™'*''"—»>*■»■** •*<«
to obsierve general
vpferenl mods
or
to
ftte coons oj^tbe U.: Sutes*' on his
jsftpeo^finejyrfSI^" Ins petitionjwji
t ict imyiti o'ctust ie rtiuov*^
Wjbefom^ oitjn* t’wted
s ta*
'4lg«''*'o»W
£2*tibi£
* . «T
ft*
.-j&upf
t&legn
•that fb» tedlffot %e*f
trronetades wild **
"'ll
iwritjl of
posfotersltijjoa,^
-v**
3**ujm&&0**
\Uniw mM00fM t*%-,
tify- • eastern Jtetfefairone wind*
wmridWaltethe legtttptei»4M*£t from the <*!«&&•.
on of' djyovtse^l^taifr tjh*' otttey: Iten^oT*
jfawr, ,
/FfcanrbU'i,™,, ,^,„v. m*
swarding writ* ori/rttei*Oejte«, $( tWarfln-n be
constant fo ill rpj^WWf»«;
United SviMwn
be enable^ J^$Mggrj|
!tbe
cr*-*»‘grfldt*di *"
«r..
ittsappareat tbst tide iicutb
tp«nj»tbe that wb*b tijjg «ifti
'i.?*;
~ tf(wj*«t' 41«teif*
~ ™r^;‘:S|t.*»nt4W*':tb«ds
on HUVresUfihrTinunal^a^^ *~
ted, except wht-re^fcatpOnisb
* w}iiehcasc*it ntett too*. t
■«Mtra,
„ ... to this T.. _
tbert!ws'T«ttc*i*^Wl
granted ., ..
. ’fhe only objection U/tlwt the comriltoww «ii
t<t b*a. < i-.
Against tb» objection tbo:
biertion too
ba* hfea so cone,
a
to it* ; .V, ,-,,. . v
to ii
iF-tlfeb tliif wctt W* , w
oidfinfe#ttcof:tfei|9ot^-.,.|fc^iMr^L„.
considered os k>n| «oce decitted. -tbe.raw M'
■»i»» e*|>tes^ jofoiltl-in ^ *" "* " '
Attention of
eourt wwlU not aicoJ^
^ ^ Ff
mr
td*i%<%*«*betber Out
wUiftel
isi
tbfkwll:
WtittftJR-'
Wd4n;BiBhf^d*jfe|
pdWm^'wUlfcjr «i
P|e«eiYed.
ilwfun,-, 4rtcd>>',’>**>» it:&>
9Z&S& iWjpu»Kin^lft<
;Bpan«Wi ’, paffi lfby;ty<ttt
iWNwt H*» lw#its mjjsw
(T>; arris^'M;
B»n»a<5a» m£
■: -. ..«r -• T;-*”1: • ”'. r. jp* •?"
my w
of 30$
a«4i forte*
■ -sut^hwiHWh
.tWttAwaijefcv*:*
h«f arm** »
9f
tuUdrawithwiUHrt.;
. •
■ if-. . , > - ~« V, k.^2^jfcJgR
iNffSie^bf lbi»to^W»
'^tfwra
■frsaihi.fr
of.Cdmmi
TheMen
'**gmci, h tie
hfir reguUi
if meeting.
March 2.
*?**'?**• '
ijesty^^Cern
jwwji*
!*«*,. 0 the
ifbt'f***
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■ywyiigeilH
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