The Virginia gazette — Williamsburg [Va.], 1778-12-04 00:00:00, page 1

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DctECEMBssER 4, 1778. T H E NUMBER 1444.
VIRGINIsiA GAZETTEsi
The Freedom of the Press is one of the great Bulwark: ofLiherty, and can never he rqstrained hut'hy despotic Go-vmmerm.
WILLIAMSBURG: PRlNTED BY DIXON AND HUNTER.
4
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OF THE OBLlGATlON OF HUMAN LAWS.
LL writer: allow than the ]eaguel and contract: which Prince: make
with one another do oblige them no longer than they are in ;ioslZ-[lion '
of their kingdoms, because the sole reasons of making these leaguee "
were upon the power each kingdom had to afford mutual affijtanc-e
and henesit to one another; and if this be : constant practice yith
Kings, that their treaties obli e theni no lo K.
- fion of MWW w us? = e if so ,sicts,
that they should be free from all obligsihtions to Prince: when they no longer receive
any protection from them,_ seeing that was the only ground and sole cause of their
paying allegiancet And m truth they cannot be any longer obliged tnan the sea
son for obliging them holds; for why should people be obliged when there iz no
reason they thould he so;] No laws can bind any longer than the reason for enact;
ing them holds good; and when the sole reason which made them laws ccatbs, the
law: themselvez must l'o too. Much more must any particular law be sin]! and
void when not only the reason of keeping it ceases, but the keeping it thwatts the
general intent of all laws, which is the happiness of the societies, to which all lawe
are but means; and there is no reason that the mean: should oblige when the end
for whose salte the means were ordained cannot be obtained by those means, much
less when they become destructive of the sole end for which they were ordained.
lf there were a law that shlpl should tail on' such : side of the chaune], and the
sole reason, whether expressed or not, were for avoiding the dangerout sands on '\
the other side, should the sards chance to be removed to the safe side of the chan
nel, the pilot would be so far from being bound, because of that law, to lun his
ship on the sands, that he would break the law if he kept to the letter of it, and
would observe it by going contrary to the letter. So : ain, if a law which required
obedience to one particular person should happen to desh'uctive of the publiclt
good, and of fatal consequence to the community, the letter of the law sswould
oblige no more in one case than in the other; nay, the reason of not ohsetving the
last would he stronger on account of the dtsproportion of the number. But the *
true meaning and intent of the law would, in one case as well ac the other, oblige .)
people to act contrary to the letter of it; and they would be a much bound to si
poy obedience where it is for the public]: good as, in me other case, the ship '
would be to sail on the slfe fide of the channel. '
PsissH siI__L AsiD _E L P H I A, Nowmber 3.
'I) the COZNGRESS of the UNITED STATES of AMERlCA.
" si ss ss --N—---ctL—siFsiss E-v S - T 0. ._.-...,_. 5
.. -_, . , . si . -- ('a
SE Uriitel State: hevihg been driven to hoflilitiee by the oppreflive end
! ransom measumoffireat Brinin, having been compelled tp commit the
(iii'ri hts of man to the'deeision of me, and having been at length forced
tozlhake o : eke which had grown too hurthensome to bear, they declared them
selves free anti independent, _ , ,
Confiding in the justice of their cause, confiding in HlM who dls see of humm
mote, elthonghsiweak end unprovided, they set the power of it enemies at
defiance. . . si .
In this confidence they have continued, through the vlriom fortune of three
bladdsiy campztiglue, unawed by the power, unsubtiued by the barbarity of their
foee.si Their virtuous citizene have borne without iepining the loss of many thin
which make life desimble. The'it'l brave troops have patiently endured the hard
lhipe and daugen of : situation', fmitful in both beyond fouler example.
The Congrest, considering themselves bound to love their enemies, as children
of that Being who is equally the fcther of all, and desirout, tince they could not
prevent, at leelt to alleviate the calamities of war, have studied to spare thole wly
were in arms against them, and to lighten the chain: of captivity.
The conduct of those serving under the King of Great Britain hath, with some
few exceptions, been diametrically opPos-te. They have laid waste the o n
country, burned the defenceless vil ages, and butchered the citizent of Amerlcz.
Eith- prison: have been the (laughterhousee of her soldiers, their lhi a of her
men, end the several injuriet have been aggravated by the greatest in ult.
Foiled in their vain attempt to suhjugate the unconquesahle spirit of freedom,
the have mennly assailed the representatives of America with bribes, with deceit, ,
an the servility of adulation. They have made a made of humanity, by the
mton destruction of' men; they have made a made of religion, b impioue
Ippeals to God whiifl in the violation of his sacred commends; they ave made
I mock even of reason itself, by endeavburing to prove that the liberty and happi
ness of America could safely be entrusted to those who have fold their own, unawed
by the sense of virtueor of shame. ss
Treated with the contempt which such condugside'sirved, they have applied to
individuals; they have solicited them to break the bond! ofallegiance, and imbue
their souis with the hlackest of crimes. But scaring that none could be found
through these United Starcs equal to the wickedness of their purpose, to influenhe
weak minds they have threatened more wide devastation. 1
While thcsishadow of hope remained that our enemiee could be taught by our
example to respect those laws which are held sacred among civilized nations, and ?
to comply with the dictates of a religion which they pretend in common with u:
to believe and to seven:, they have been left to the influence of that teli ion and
that example; but since their incorrigible disposition: cannot be touched Ey kind
nese and compassion, it becomes our duty by other means to vindicate the righte
of humznicy.
We, therefore, the Cengress of the United Statee of Americz, do solemnly
declare and procizim, that is our enemies presume to execute their threats, or
persilt in their prrsent cuzcet os barbaricy, we will take such exem lary vengeance
as shjii deter others from a like conduct. We appetil to that G who searcheth
'hc hedssl'lfi as man for the rectimde of'our intentions ; and in hie holy presence we
drsslarc, thzt ." we,:ssirc not moved by any light and hzsty suggestion. of angu or
revenge, so through every possible change of soitune we mll adhere to this our
deternzinatism.
DON !? isiv: Corsiqu/i', !} unaxizecz/s ursi/Znt, tl': xȝct'b (lay of Octz-btr, 1778.
'r) F. N RY. LA U R E N S, Prdz'Jent.
difffl. Cussuussizs 'ssiosirson, Suremry.
HE subscri'cers to this guette are thus early informed, that aftofthe expi
T ration of the present year the pnce of it wul be TE N D OLLARS per
avaunt, one half to be pa.d down, and the other half at the expintion of 5: .
mouths. The paper: will be continued upon the above (am! on all tpe old
subscribers, unless Jirections to the contrary are given by the sirfl ofjanmsy mss
MsMmssuct-xmbctkf-ZQWW
The VIRGINIA ALMANACK, for {beyeafsssyygssg
Priu a]! single, or :os. the dezm.
. WlLLIAHsBUlG, Nmbct'ffiengsi
S many gree: sironveniences have arisen frcm omcets taking fonsige fmm the.
people at large, and sifcttsinz certificates so] pssct.,.nc;ss.; thereof, andssseuszl
waggon masters and other pusom havmg in like manner imprcfledsevml horse
for publitk service Without any appraisement being made bet;:e a magistrate a
pxwpcr officer, and some of them having refused or neglected to give the owner ne _
owners of such horses : certificate to enable him or them to ayply for'pzymene, si
wheleby many individuals have been gnezt {usseners, and the servicezofthe Unitssql .ct y'?"
Statel, from such misconduct and irregular proceedings. greatly retuded; fi '
order therefore to prevent the like inconvenience: in-sutme, I do -
- known to all officers of th: army of the United Statee, and othensiwhom'iesi-y
concern, that ] have affiltants appointed at the following Ratiom, what emy_ __ .
species of that articlc is laid m, viz. At !Villiamshurg, Riclmmd, Chrbuffoilk', '
in dllmuarze, Leg/esi'urg, Alexandria, and Frederidjsburg. And it ie'expseassod that
all —:fficers, on their match with horses or baggage waggons, will apply and receild '
sufficxent tsiorage at one of the flations to sup on t their teams and horse. to the next;
and where it happen: that officere are necnsitated, from circumstanm that sinnm
be gqarded againtt, to purchase forage, they are in that case particularly requeste'd --
to 93) for it, and on producing the proper vouchers to my aflisiam it dlesinex't .
ltauun, such affisiant is hereby authorized and requited to tefnnd it. And all -
7
si waggon masiers, and conducton of waggona and teann, exprese riden, and '
others employed in the service of the United States, who, from nnavoidable acsseict-ss.
dente, may be obliged to impress any horse or horses, suc'h person or ' m "-_' ,
hereby requimd to give the owner or owner: of such horse or horses (w mer lb "A
nature of the service will admit of it) a bill of a praisemsseoc, and : oem'fiene m
the horse of horse: so lmpmssed, setting fortht reasons for so doing. And th
lace he or thev came from and where gain ,*and the po _ _ ofsctoe ' '
{!th d'siiB'h'Jflfy the same to me" o'Toosifi a'flt'siin ffli _ ,ssss .
enquiry may be made. to prevent, is possible, any loss accrujng from lneglea '
sitnelmf, either to the ovsivner- or to the United States. '
(s) WILLIAM FlNNlE, D. AM. 0. 8. 1).
To [a RBsiN'sEsiD for a !!rm 13] year:, to the 17:ng bidder, en Monday lb: 1tb J
December next, being Heurico court 40, bass": Mr- Gabriel Gllt': 40" in _*'
Richmond, 4 * '
HE NEW MlLLS on the falle of Fame: river, belongin totheelhu of d
late Col. Smud Overtm. They are in exceeding repair, lnd Conti
guoue to a good wheat country. A further description ]: thought needless, as it si
;: presumed that those who incline to rent would choose to see the convenienciu'.
Undoubted security will be required at the time of lettmg.
]OHN M'KEAND,'
zu EDWARD PARx,
' BARTHOLOMEW THOMPSON.
Ox Monday lb: 7tb of December, willbe 8 0 L D, a flesh! J lb: late Man
Plge, Esh; 0" Gloucesier tum,, - ct
CONSlDERABLE number of high bred HORSES, MARES. and
COLTS, two of which, now coming two ynn old, were ground byou
Fearuugbt; the othen by Dm end Sbabzffiear.——.*. The _ iton m
debton to his estate are requeited to_ make immedme application necke end
dischuge their respective bllmeu. I JOHN PAGE, inn.
To be R EN'I'BD to the bigbest bidder, for th: ]tds in,, a Wdyeffly sstl: lq
q/ December, oathe prmj'a, .. ."
HE lmtation in Glans: er coun well known ]: tbe nine of Muxi. '3
T Neck]: containin near 84 acree, tyconveniently sitsited on for} river end
bounded by Poropotm and Tanlj/Pompotank Greeks, which lbcunds withct'sififte fish
and oyflen, and plenty of wiZd tow], in their season. Thenctbl sufficient, &
cleared land (which is equal to any in the lower art of the country) to work ",
hands to advantage, and a sufficiency of timber tsisir the phmgtssiqn use, very con
venient, but not nny allowed to be removed or sold from of the land by th
who may rent it. Bond, with good and sufficisint security, will be required on'
the day of reming, and posselsion gilen the lsi day of your] Milt- by
"-.. _ ] ]OHN MEREDITH.
Pus? __ :, the highest bidder, m m yf ws ]anuary m, for me: my.
OUR-s'va ' le flzves, some stock, about 900 wei ht of park, and about :;
barreso'df corn. [( is on the plantnion where fabu- lVilb, decelsed, lived,
about 6 milez !)de vaw Km! courthonse.
" ]OSEPH WlLKS.
TOLEN from the subscriber, near Four Milc creek, in chria coun . on
Friday night the zoth of Octobm a ].kely bay mare, 4 feet " incbu high. 6
years old, neither dockcd nor brandcd, bet,: long bulky vil, and thick lame,
which generally hangs on both sides the neck, no white nbout her, and me with
son]. He: fire was Mark Anlhwg}, whose blood plainly : A reward of
ONE HUNDRED DOLLARS will be paid on delivery of t mare, or should she
be taken too msiz's from home, FIFTY POUNDS. ' ss
6b , ]OHN BROUNLEY.