The enquirer — Richmond, Va., 1810-01-18 00:00:00, page 3

. f r - 1 '•*
V primes mrtfr prevented and more.Criminals
saved by it; but whether of those who are
j saved, the majority are not given back into
the bosom of society with commendable
! habits of order and industry i , These are
the great points oh which the benefits of this
wise and benevolent institution will be found
to rest.—But this system thus excellent in
itself, may be in u certain degree defective
under its present organization in tlvis state
It is with that profound deference which is
clue to the subject, th .* your committer beg
leave to point out such defects as seem to
f 'them to attach to the institution in ita fire
tent eha/ie :
The first thing that we beg leave to mention
ss ail imperfection, is the distinction drawn
I by the law between murder in the 1st and
I * 2d degree. This we cannot but regard, with
the chief magistrate of this common wealth,
as ".absurd in the extreme.’*- It is a dis
tmiction utterly unknown to tha common or
*ratute laws England. It is a feature ex
lusively copied from the Penitentiary law
of Pennsylvania. . It is unknown to thePeni
tentiary law of New York, borrowed, like
our own, from that of Pennsylvania. It is
one which the ingenious father of this sys
tern in Virginia, himself,'repents e ver to
have recognized. It is one not only emi
nently "absurd,” but pernicious, and liable
to extreme abuse* What is the cause of
that number of convicts, who are now impri
soned in the Penitentiary for murder of the
second degree ? What does the*d.iily expe
rience of our courts of justice exhibit t< us f
What is more common than for juries, mis
led by the pulhos of the orator, or the situa
,i * tion of the criminal, to consult the suggesti
ons ot mercy, by softening down the hues of
the most atrocious murders ? Executions
. for murder are growing as rare in this -tate
b as they are in Pennsylvania, where they
are a sort of public spectacle, the very no
velty of which attracts crowds of soeriatm s I
far'-aml near.
The wholesome terrors of the law seem to
' be ’using their restraints, and the blood of
the innocent is beginning to flow from a
misplaced economy of the blood of the guil
ty. These verdicts too, arc sometimes ren
t»cred in opposition to the dictates of common
sense. For what shall we say of the com
mitment t>i a female from Norfolk, who was
found guilty of murder of the second degree,
under an indictment for the murder of her
own child, when it is plain to everyone, that
if she had unfortunately killed it without
premeditation or malice, she ought to have
been cleared; bnt if site had stifl'd the
« child of her own womb, that she would have
deserved to have ranked among the most
atrocious of murderers?
Hut where is the remedy ? Let us return.
. we say, to the old and the only distinctions
' recognized by reason and justice. “ Man
slaughter,” says our excellent chief magis
trate, “ is the true distinction.” Let ns a
dopt^ those spccie« of crimes which are re
cognized u> the English law, but without
their bloody and indiscriminate punish
meats. For murder, let there he requisite
malice aforethought, either expressed or
implied.” In cases w.*’ere there is "volun
tary killing'’ with “ sudden hear,” er “ in
’voluntary, bnt in the commission of some
unlawful act;’’ let there be the different
grades of manslaughter. The other inodes !
oi killing will pass of into the various shades !
of homicide, excusable or justifiable, accor-1
ding to the shade of atrocity, which the acts j
may respectively assume.
Yet there is another point on which your
Committee cannot concur with the communi • \
cation of the Governor to the General As- i
senibly. The Governor supposes that the I
punishmen'.,” and of coarse the period of'
confinement, ought to he “ fixed to every '
* •crime, according to the degree of its atroci-j
ty.” But the question is, how are these dif -'
ferent degrees of atrocity to be fixed ? The !
Hides: .ti e. so numerous and nice, as to defy '
the power of definition. The mere attempt'
to do it, as to any particular crime, would j
probably expand into volumes. . The shades i
of atrocity are as various as the different
cases; and cases would eternally vary with;
the sirontion, the r.ge. conduct, character, j
; disposition and the motives of criminals.
On the other hand, to fix the punishment '
to the crime, without regard to those de .
gree.s of atrocity,* would be an utter confusion ;
ol all the" varieties of guilt. Tne law would
indeed be, what it has so often been called,
j the bed of Procrustes: if toolong, the unhap j
py criminal would be lopt; it too short, lie I
wituUl fie stretched to the precise standard •
of legal torture. No plea of circumstance or
ecessity would he received in mit igation of j
» s fate. His education, age, character, past j
conduct ami present situation are to be to i
taily overlooked, ami every thing is to be
narrowed down to this simple question: Did
he or she do this dec d ? To shew that these
'distinctions ought not to lie lost sight of, we
* beg leave to cite the following pathetic case
from the records of Tyburn : “ During the
wise dispute about Falkl tod’s island, a work
man in London was returning one day to his
family with his weekly wages. lie was ap •
prehended by a press gang and carried into
the hold of a tender His landlord and some
other creditors hcaid of what they called his
elopement. 1 hey seized on bis furniture,
and his wife and child were turned to the
A kji*. Within a few da. vs after the mother
Wid* delivered of a second child, in a garret.
When weakness permitted her to rise, she
left two naked children and wandered into
the street as a common beggar. Instead of
obtaining assistance, she wi.s reproached as
r.n abandoned vagabond, in despair, she
went into a shop and attempted to carry oil'
a small piece of linen. She was seized, tri
ed and comic mned to be hanged. In herde
♦cnce tne worn m said, tlr.it sue had lived re
apectably and happy, il a .press gang rob
, bed her <f h* r hiis'rtml, and in him, «>f all
/ means to support herself and he. family,
nncl that in attempting to elm*.he her new born
infant, she perhaps did wrong, as she did not
at that time know what'she did The par
ish officers and other witnesses h>rc testi
mony to the truth rf her averment, but all
t<> nn purpose; she was u lered for Tyburn.
Though her milk, if she had anv, must
have been fermented into poison, it seem >
tint niHindy condescended to seek a nitrite
for her child. The liaugiiinn dragged her
rucking ini.-nt from her breast, when '\c
*tr.»itened die cord about her neck.”—Thus
far the historian. And non/'wilt you permit
us to ask, whether there is a man hruuthiitg
who would have meted out to this poor f»
tonic, to this wretched victim of English in
•tiiu tinny, the same severity oi puii.hmcnt
as to him who should have unnecessarily and
s«antoniy committed the like larceny (if h
pieceof linen? This single case .peak
louder than a thousand ai gurnards to enforce
the necessity of discrimination in Crimes and
punishments.
Since then it is impossible to fx the. differ
ent r.hadsi* of atrocity, and inhuman to lose
■ vat of them, what ic.vooire is left but
• *
* .-a "V-- •• «■ v
•' ** »•*-*> •*{ ^
to fix n certain range of punishments for
each offence, beyond which neither tht ten
derness nor the vigor of juries shall be per
mitted to oscillate ; to have a maximum and
a minimum» for the highest and the lowest
offences, between which extremes it is for
the discretion of a jury to adjust the punish
ments t This range is probably too large,
under the present law, us to most offences.
\ our committee beg leave to point out ano
ther defect in the penitentiary acts: Hy the
original act of 1796, it was provided that
“ every other felony, misdemeanor or of
fence .whatever, not provided for by that
act, was to be punished as heretofore.”——
1’his provision is obviously at variance with
the other parts of the act, and the omission
was alterwards cured hy the amendatory act
ot 1800. Thin provides that all such cases,
as were not provided for by th« act of ’96r
the punishment whereof by the laws then
in force, may amount to death without the
benefit of clergy.” should undergo a con
finement in the jail and penitentiary house
fora period not less than one, nor more than
ten yearn. This amendatory act itself is li
able to strong objections: 1st the range of
punishments tor a numerous class of offences
is too large—There are few crimes indeed, I
if there be any, whose shades of atrocity are
so great as so admit of as wide a range as
from one to ten yearn. In the 2d place,
have we not thus adopted anew, and in the |
lump, most of those hetertigcneeus crimes
which mo recognized by the common law’ of
England i Our act of assembly of Decem
her 22. 1792, has indeed . superceded the
whole code of English ntatute lawn; but |
still such offences as are recognized bv the
common lc.rv, and not provided for bv our
were m iorce previous to the
penitentiary act. What then are we to third
of the provisions of that law which fecognf
zesagain all such offences as are created by"
the English common law ; most of which
have sprung from a system of political insti
tutio/.s, very different, ifnot abhorrent from
our own; and what instill more deplorable,
subjects this numerous class of unprovided
crimes, with all their various hues o'." atroci
ty, to the same grade* and range of punish
ments?
Humanity weeps' over such an oversight.
1 he genius of the republic blushes fi r such
a defect. Why not have a code of our own ?
Why not altogether dispense with the great
body oi the criminal jnrispriidrjice of Eng
• H id ? \\ hy not have statutes of our own to
sketch out oilr own lists of-crimes, as we
nave already done of punishments? The
penitentiary law of New York has done it.
In that state almost ttvery sort of crime is
put on the list. But whilst we approve of
tms course, we would by no means be tho’t
to approve of those excessive stretches of
punishment which are made by the law of
N_ w Vork.: Laws which subject so many
ofir-ncvs, even that of burning a barn, to an
imprisonment fur life—laws by which, in
the year 1801, as many as 77 out of 345
couvicts, were actually doomed to this ne
ver ending punishment.
But there seems another oversight in the
law, which your committee beg leave to no
tic.e. By the 24.h section of the act of ’96,
it any one who had previously been convict
ed ot a crime, which was then “ capital,
or a felony of death without benefit of cler
gy,” was to “ commit any such offence a
second time, and be thereof legally convict
ed,” such person was to be doomed to im
prisonmem/or life ; whereas if he had been
. sentenced to hard labor and solitary con
finement by virtue of that act, and had es
caped or been pardoned,” and after such
escape or pardon, was found guilty of any
such offence as was then capital, or a felo
iiy of death without benefit of clergy ; such
person was to be doomed to an imprison
ment for 25 years. This very act, howe
ver, subjects most of those crimes to “hard
labor and solitary confinement,” which were
at that time “ capital, or a felony of death
without benefit of clergy.” So that in many
cases these are but convertible terms. How
then stands the case ? I-Ir who lias wrought
through the period of his first confinement, is
doomed l>y ;t second offence to an imprison
men for life ; whilst he who has broken his
prison, or enjoyed the pardon of the oxecti
live, is sentenced for 2.5 years for the very
same oft ncvi The very circumstances
which should have aggravated the guilt of
the offender; his foicible escape from pri
son, or his ungrntc.ul disregard of executive
mercy ; have only served to place him upon
oetter ground. The only excuse which can
he g'ven fur such a strange contradiction is,
that this section ot our own law was taken
nearly verbatim, from that of Pennsylvania,
But the lav/ of Pennsylvania itself was
changed in this respect for the worse; for
the original law had stretched its just and
indignant severity over the miserable wretch
who had proved his turbulence or ingr&ti -
tude.
Tlii« matter assumes greater impnrtaneo
from the verv excellent rule now adopted by
the executive, of remitting to certain per
sons a very small period of their imprison
mimt. The paper which extends this in
< nlgence is, to all intents and purposes a par
don. ^ It is attested bv the seal of the state,
ami the sign manucl of the governor. Either
then this rule cannot be exercised as far as
it may be proper, or those who experienced
the indulgence, should not be placed on a
better footing than such as have passed
through the « .ole sentence of the law._
I i'wit such remissions are iu some cases
proper, it is almost impossible to doubt.—
1 hey stimulate the convict ; they encourage
him in the o!>s* rvnnce ot n correct deport
ment. They k* epdown that spring of insUb
unnimuuii <11111 reVMl, IKltS atltl RC
cret plots, which all such institutions con
tain within them. And it deserves to he no
ted, that no a'tempt has heen made to es
cape, hut in the case of one individual,
since this rule was regularly carried iutoef*
lect. . 1 he mind or the prisoner is thus
kept in a proper toot for improvement._
1’lie man is more at case with himself._
His' ranqoihiy is undisturbed by any parox
isms of turbo'em revolt. II» has no time
to think of i. formation ; and the cure of his
disease is silently going on. On V.e other
Hand, your com ni'tce think proper to ob
serve, that very few mischief* are like-1
ly to spring from thc<-c remissions; tint I
I they arc seldom or never granted, but at the
suggestion » f the Hoard of Visiiois, who are
camions enough to reserve iheir rccommm
dattons for ex raoidinnrv occasions, and for
casts where the remaining turn of imori
sotiineui is vet y short.
From tlmse general views or the Peni
tentiary system, jour comm’-ttce beg leave
to pass on to a c-nsi.-Jt-r at ion of the -’fate of
the Penitentiary (luring the present year:
During this yer., there have been fewer
convicts received than in the six preceding
years, ex ept the last, as appears from ihc
following list, clc.-criptive of the lumbers
. ... * 4 «4
received during each succesifite year, since
Uxc commencement of the institution.
S/irtng- Term. Fall Term.
1800 Prisoners 6 U 21
1H0I 19 14 33
1802 17 «»1 oo
■«03 ii M fs
ISO* 30 It 41
1805 -4 26 50
1806 28 13 41
>807 31 23 54
1808 13 18 S(5
>809 . . 41
Kecctved since the c'»mmetrcemfn{ of
the institution 410
The annexed table (A.) shews in (let .il
the number of convicts received from each
[district; tlieir places of nativity ; their pe
riods of confinement, and :he nature of their
crimes. It appears from the following list,
that there who have been dUchargcd\r»m
the institution, during the year, are fewer
by one, than those who have been recrixted :
Number of prisoners dine Larged at
the expiration of their respective
terms of imprisonment 33
Pardohedby the Governor 5c Coun
cil ft
By the President of the U. States 1
•
• Total 42
At the expiration of the last year, there
were 119 prisoners within the wails of the
Penitentiary ; at present 122; the increase
of course is three; of these there are now
11 in. for second offences. The following
list shews ns in xu/iat way these beings are
employed, or in other words, thu nfiecics of
occufiaiione. which at e now carried on ih
this institution J
21 Shoe makers
4 Boot makers
3 Binders
2 Cutters . ...
2 Harness makers
31 Wrought nailors
10 Headers of nails
8 Cutters of nails and brads
6 Blacksmiths and strikers
2 Grinders
2 Coopers
2 Carpenters.
H Assistants tospining machine
4 Spinners—these are all the women in
the Penitentiary
2 Tailors
5 Weavers ...
2 Attendants on weavers
1 Washer
1 Beating hemp
1 Dish washer
2 Cooks
6 at miscellaneous w’ork
122 .Total.
1 he pecuniary resources of the institution
are in good condition ; the profits of the pre
sent year are not so great as those of the last
I he following presents at one glance, lit
amount of each article manufactured, from
1st December, 180S, to 30th November, 1809,
viz : .
Amount of wrought nails g 10.609 23 J
Do. of cut brads 17,313 ol
Do. of blacksmithing,
Carpentering, fkc. 1,253 72$
Do. «f tailoring, tin*
ning. Sec. 463 54 $
Do. of bolstering, car
tridge boxes, &c. 4 519 34$
Do. of cordwaining 11,459 89$
Do. of weaving, spin
ning cotton, twine, 5cc. 1,236 73
' 8 46,926 03$
1 he gross profits of which
are about 9,121 64$
From which deducting the
commissions of the su
perintendant and turn
keys, See. See the clear
nett profit of the whole
is, as near as it can bs
, estimated, about 5.292 37
It seems that there have been fewer ar
ticles manufactured during this, than the last
year; and the reasons are, that the public
work, which has proved so profitable to the j
institution, has been almost completed ; and j
besides, the carding, roving and spinning
machine, were originally brought to us in !
so imperfect a condition, that a good deal ;
of work and attendance was requisite to put j
them into operation. So mucii labor was
therefore withdrawn from the manufacture
of other articles. 'I hese machines are now
going into excellent operation; and may
prove considerably profitable to the institu
tion. The machinery is new to us, and
worlliy of inspection. The cotton is carded,
woven and spun at three distinct operations.
The spinning mule rune 60 spindles, and
spins at this season, about ten pounds of live
yard thread a day ; when the days shall be
long, of course the execution will be tri-sat
•r.
Tiie same spirit of economy is seen in the
feeding and clothing of the prisoners. Each
one is supplied by contract, with breakfast
and dinner for six and a quarter cents per
dny. The whole of their cloathing from the
raw materials, up to the complete garment,
i3 the work of their own hands. These
views cannot but be flattering to the people
ot Virginia, and the friends of humanity e
very where. Interest and benevolence are
thus shown to go hand in hand ; and since
the ends of punishment can be so humanely
and effectually purchased at «o cheap a
price, it is to be hoped that every legisla
ture, of every state in the union, may adopt i
the idea, and extend the benefits of the Pe
nitentiary system to their owrt citizens.
The committee cannot close these remarks
without again respectfully calling th" notice
ot the legislature, to the propi ietv of having
a wall raised and a vegetable garden enclos'
ed, n» ftoeit as practicable. The health of
the infirm pttsomra would be promoted bv
the aid of such salutary exercise as they
might find in the garden. Such at least is !
the effect of these improvements in tlir I
•‘State Prison and Penitentiary House*’of
Mew York.
All which is respectfully submitted.
WicHMown, Dec. lllth, 1609,
ihe committee appointed to report to the
Executive the state of the Penitentiary for
the present year, this day laid their report
before the Hoard of Visitors; which, being
duly considered and amended, was agreed to
and ordered to be signed bv the Chairman,
and transmitted to the Executive for the
consideration of the legislr. ore.
(A Copy.) GEO: WILLIAMSON.
to the rot tor or the xs^uinss.
Six. “ y
If the subjects 2nd remarks below, are, in
your opinion, worth the consideration of the
community, you may do much good by in
' »« Hilly tht:n in yettr pa^tr ; »s weii as ub
0
I’.£«r one of your subscriber?. ' Thtyliivc trt
view some comfort to the distressed, and
justice to the poor. It will not be long before
there will inevitably lie hundreds of families
in the greatest distress by the interring »x
editions now suspended.' And as Virginia
has ever been famed for every thing like
feeling and charity, permit me to suggest
the propriety of the legislature’?1 passing a
law which shall rxce/it the force of an ex
ecu.ion upon one bed 8c its furniture in every
family where there isa wife or children, rnd
where every other species of propertv be
insufficient to pay debts : When it btconic s
general, few cun complain ; if any do, they
must be the rich viisrrs who have .no feel
uigr.j* consideration, but for their
have We seen amiable women, who
have carried to their husbands handsome
fortunes, and nil sufficient, with prudence,
for the support ol a family in every comfort
and luxury that life can wish, reduced to
the greatest want and sufTerings, notwith
standing their exertions to prevent it. and
their health too totally destroyed by the want
of that single comfort, a bed l hope some
£?y-cl man may consider this subject, and
b? ing it before the present assembly
1 lie next subject is relative to the inertia
lity of the land tax in Virginia A port
man, purchasing a small tract < f land, say of
one or two hundred ajjres, has it surveyed
once, and his lax is fixed and paid—so
tar, is right.andjust Htit as it i3 well known,
that many large tracts of land, are held by
descent, which lor a century have not been
surveyed ; and it being well known too, th *t
— »vm .over-run considerably,
is it reasonable, that the floor should pay
their full tiiN, when the rich pay only accor
iiuig to old surveys, which will now average
15 or SO^per cent. ?—No, it certainly is not.
Al.hu tiic land tax in Virginia is very in
considerable, vet 1 think »he rich and* the
floor should he placed according to their
possessions, on equal ground. To do this,
I would pas* a law, that every tract of land,
.said to contain more than one hundred acres,
winch lias not been surveyed within ten
years, shall noiv he surveyed by the county
surveyor, tor the purpose of ascertaining
the whole quantity of land; and that the lax
may be regulated accordingly. When the
possessors of any land shall produce a sur
vry made within ten years by any county
surveyor, or other person authorised to sur
vey lands, then the lauds need not be sur
veyed ’till the time directed by law, which
ought to be in every twenty years. The
additional tax for the first year, will, pay
the expence, and every year after. ] am in
clined to think something will he paid into
the treasury, worth the attention of the le
gislature—Besides, the. surveys would pre
lent many lawsuits about the boundaries of
the lands.
A FRIEND TO THE POOR.
EOR THE EMQUTRER.
high court of conscience.
the PH INTERS V8. PRINTERS.
j his ittas an action for defamation atzd a
bute.
The declaration stated, that the plaintiffs
were good, honest sort of people, who plied
the old art, invented by Jack Faustus, «f
setting Types, by the aid of which they issu
ed a public circular letter, vulgarly called a
newspaper; that in spite in the devil and all
his works, they attcmfitcd to publish the
truth ; they neither issued praises or cen
sures upon any individual, unless he desvrv
ed it ; that they never arraigned any man,
as a tory, a monarchist, or an enemy ot his
country, unless forcertain good reasons ap
pearing therewith; that they advocated no
opinions, but what were truly America*» in
heart and in principle ; that they were not
the hireling or professed advocates of any fo
reign government; that they were not of
that party, called in his majesty’s parlia
ment, “theBritish party ;” but that in all
that they said and all that they wished, they
had a single eye to the good r.f their own
country ; that all their principles and patn
otism were, however, insufficient to sh;eld
them from defamation and slander ; that the
defendants, men of ihe same metal and cal
ling with themselves, had attacked them.
untfuibua et calcibu*, with all sorts of abuse ;
bad repeatedly styled them Scoundrels, Vu -
liins, Rascals French Jacobins, French A
gents, and every sort of epitnet, which their
vile imaginations could furnish ; for which
said nngentlemanly and low lived abuse, the
plaintiffs had arraigned the defamer* before
the tribunal of tbe public, and prayed the
Coui t to issue against the defendants a pro
per portion of their just indignation and con
tenpc.
The plaintiff; proved the truth of their
averment, by the public conf usions of the
defendants—-they proved that they had been
attacked without cause or reason; that the
most degraded epithets were strewed thro’
these pieces of defamation ; that the defen
dants were not only public defamers of cha
racters, ,but that they seemed to have lost
sight of all principle and truth; that they
were “idle and busy-headed people, who
forged and divulged false rumours and re
ports” on all occasions, contrary to toe Act
at Assembly in that case made and provided ;
that they stopt at nothing to defame the
measures of their own country or to gloss
®ver the wrongs of Great Britain ; that this
scurrilous style of conducting the* public
prints tended to introduce blackguardism 5c
abuse into the bosom of Society, a disrespect
for these public fountains of information, and
injurious eflects to the whole community
they wound up their argument by invoking
the justice of the court upon these defamers,
who, they said, were as meritorious candi
date; for public contempt as the Fish women
of Billingsgate, or the Poissards of Paris.
In reply to these charges, the defendants
confessed guilty, but plead necessity in
jusiiiication— hey admitted, that they were
«be “ Idle, busy headed” & scurrilous fellow* !
which they were represented; that they
were, compelled, however, by their necessity
to pursue this course ; that they were Jit
for nothing else hut printing ; and in print
ing, they were ir. for nothing but abuse and
scurrility ; that ihcjr could not give any
thing, which they had not, that they had no
information to give; no arguments to use,
no means of filling up their paper, but by re
curring to the annals of billingsgate ; that
they could not think of issuing a blank piece
of paper; ,.nd that asfhey had nothing elsv
to say, they were forced to employ the most
poi ;n int abuse against the plaintiffs, that they
could devise; that they must not only live
themselves, but that the public prints them
•-elves won' l giow dull and lifeless withou
defamation; that it whs these diirigs, which
gaw life and volability to papers ; without
them, they were as dull and flat as sma‘1
beer without fixed air; that it was the saner
to the goose, the aest to public journals*
• »*t :« ••• ...
it was not wit. wtiV'i Tr.:u> th-n*
sparkle, or genius that glV • them splendor •
hut this philosophic light of puM efv ing scur
r.lity—tiiat without such qualifications, tl . v
would lose their custom, lose the wage* of
iniquity and tl„. pay of British agents and
starve—l'hey thtrefore threw themselves
on the Jiit'.i of the Court.
The Court donwderecl the case—rrt! r. n
tlemneti the deftm'aots to eternal ailc.ee.
A o Washington or t»>y f ef:ert to the
hi.r h -./' .Ilexundria, bij > rduu v t. n.
mg s wail. ' *
XT" dor the accounts of (Jcneral Blake's
aejt ut, »t e our last //age.
I/CONNOISSEURS <L‘- ARTISTS'—Jai n v
it l>?' 19 *"»d 20 • .rib**. list ihvs, nt the I -re
F en; Room next to the Old City Tavern, Will
J be exhibited,
I’ HE MICROCOSM:
Cur using of diligent piece* Of Mn - .m«fh of*
eM^Coury workm inthip, in which Inf nnw«
Cleckvmrh ‘he . ,r <vn motions <f Men, Ani
n\aif» Carriage*, 5/ p,. Ox are perfectly iinhat- ■
ed, to tht sni pr**** *f die s|v-'»tur
t LADIES d. GENTLEMEN,
T.iew*. celebrated pieces of M.-charism are not
unworthy of vour ittcnt vf, -although tin. »dnut
: t nice is only 25 cents, but u give •» chance to •
veiy individual, h t* SieeiV the <-f j ot of I Ik* <>wt.* r.
&J" Hours ot admission Iron. 9 o’clin.k in tue
morning till y, and from 4 till 9 in the evening.
Donrripli n in the hand-hills.
January 18. j.r
HEAD Y MADE CLOTHES
1**1IE MJ U.SC KiJIJarl :it ui 11* keeping ntt
i hand a constant supply i>» GARMENTS
ready made,for toe accommodation ol gen’i.:men
I rum i he country who wish to he furnished at
short notice. Apply nearly opposite the Engl*
Tavern to
, C. FAIRCHILD.
• Merchant Taylor.
January 13 rtPtt
M tw VXFOUD ACADEMY—The sub-.
' scribcr wishes to employ, and will p.-.v jt
liberal price to a man capable of teaching'thc
:.r.,in, Greek, french & English Languages, to
gether with Geography, &c «nd who shj.il come
well recommended as a proper person ’u take*
charge of the JNew Oxford. Ac demy, lately e
rected near the Half-way House between l;i« h
tnond and Petersburg, on the main stage road—
where he contemplates to receive thirty buys 0n
/), wild may he boarded ;.t g 80 per annum (ex
clusive of bedding —mi washing, which must oe
furnished, or will occasion an j.dcJiional charge)
und nisv he instructed in ell or any of the above
langii igcH, st $30 per annum, payable quarterly,
but not m advance—The situation of this Acade
my is high and healthy, and combines as many
advantages as any other in tins slate—The sub
scriber pledges liunsell that great and. uncommon
altuiuion shall he p-id to the moral* and instruc
tion of those who may he sent to this Academy,
and flatters, himself with a hope, that it will be a
useful and flourishing establishment —As soon as
a Teacher can lie procured, qualified in all res-.
pects to manage the Seminary, the public shall
receive due notice efthe day on which this school
will commence.
INCH’D GREGORY.
Jan tin* 18_. w3wf
I-t* )’I’* * ICOL/VS res e.-.ifully informs me
-Lia • Citizens of Richmond, that lie intend*
teaching Drawing an^ Painting, being prepared
fur the re. einion of Scholars at his residence on
Shodcoe H ’.
He will aLo uke profiles on a larg. scale, and
L’k/-nesses in Alimature.
January 18._ law3wf
PURSUANT to a decree of Carol, iv Conurv
Court, in the name ot the J.< gattes oi i.,;"
murnl Jones, dec’d 6lc. against, the Adininistnoop
with the Will annexed, of the s* d Jones, det 'd.
•Ur.. Will he sold, on Friday the 23* day oi Fe
bruary, to the highest biddt r, on t weh • months
'•rcmil, at Charles Toil’s Tavern, in Can . .o
County, seven Negro SLAV}.:>, long.ng i ; l!l0
estate of the said Jones. Bond* w*tii approved
security will he required of the pnn hasers, in
manner as directed by tin* said <leci * e. All who
have claims against the said estate are) , qiu cied
to exhibit them on the d ay o . a to Hit Auirt
nistrator.
BY THE COMMISSIONERS
January 13 _ w3w
J N CilANi EKY —In Clicv.eriield C'..U' y
i Court, N •v?mi,.r 1.5th, 18u9.
Thomas Smith, Plaintiff vs. Stephen F.' tn
•n<l Juditli H .ss, Defendant*
Tiiisday came the plaintiff hy James Hnb -t.
son, jr esq-iire, his itlorney, and it appear.' >
the s-.tisfa> tioii of the court, that the delta. . t
EI»ro is not an inhabitant of tins common wealth.
It is ordered, that the said Elam do ento hi? ip
pearauce in tins suit on 01* before the fect.:id'
Monday in January next and'give securi'.y hr
performing such decree as the court may herb
Iter make in the premises : It is further order
ed, that the defendant Hass, out of the edicts in
her hands belonging to the defendant Elain, do
retain si'iucient to satisfy to the plaintiff the sum
of /’ 9 6,- 9./ with six per cent interest tiiereo -i
from the 8th day of January 1807, until p-id, h' k|
S5 9 68 ots. costs, and also the costs of this s'
ami that a copy of this order be. publish. A in y .p',,!
newspaper in the city of Uiclmiond for two m n*s
successively, and at the front door of the court
house «*f this county.
A Copy. Tes*o,
1J. POINDEXTER, „
December 16 c#
IN CHANCFiltV,— Northumborlani pT—7*
Court, Kth November. 1809. County
Josepii Rogers,pit. Against Eli4at,eth n rt„
liieir appcaiar.ee and given security according tr»
the act of Assembly, and the rules of this court
and it appealing to the satisfaction oftlie court
that tucy are not inhabitant., of tl.m state, on th?
motion ot the pis,miff, It i. decreed and ordfr Tr
«Hv J£?'} de,end‘‘,Us “Pl««r I tore on the fi.-t
d.i> Of March court next, and answer the bill 0r
the plaintiff, and that« copy oft his order be forth
witn nisei ted for two month, successively ili
some newspaper published in the city „f Rich
mond, and posted ut the frontdoor of the conrt
h'.H.se ol t hiscou.’y : Jn</ lt u further ordered
1 hat I he defendant Web , retain in his hands any
money he may have belonging to the estate of the
late DortorCorban Baker, tid t|,e further order
ot tne court. ^
A(test
FLEMIXG RATES, eve
7. '
— -_ \A ?ir If
v ' ~lu"e G»ner. I Court, lS(/ii
r, 1 ,,c Gl””T»<"we,dth, .ga.nst Jos.ai,
U. nr K u. Del t —upon an adjourned <:ass fro|
tlie ])isinct Court, held at M -tg«n Town.
I ne Court a.« unanimously’of opin on that
V u-rn ail indictment or pr. s.mnu nt is lound by
a Grand Jury against -ny person *ar » in:sdem-i.
nor, to which the law h,s ilix- d u u.fa., ou n
corpor.il puntsl rnent.thal the court hid rf w *
such presentment or indiclm-nt is f„in(| „ ^
ui us disci etion award t Capias .n the fi’a ' Y
stance, uti l that upon indirtm •. s ,nd pr- .r»l
nuuits ( f uii infei i ir nature, such C u ' , *' -»>t'
atu-r two V-n re Fariaa’s have hevn Jr
not found,to awa-d n Capias iviie(',
It is therefore 01 tiered, that it b»
the. Morgan Town District Couit, tb.ai *‘^•’<1 to
oil^ht to he awarded ,>, ;||!i, casi * G**p.'as
l'jtiitshtil by order ef csnin 'T*»v •
. riYTON 1;hE\V.*
Jtuitisry 1«, ' G. q.
^•*w»w