The Virginia gazette — Williamsburg [Va.], 1776-02-17 00:00:00, page 1

H E NUMBER'HBG
FEBRUARY 17, :776.
VIRGINIA
WITH THE FRESHEST ApVICES,
si BOTH FORElGN AND DOMESTlCKss _
)y— p Mssssi;
&—
m
LlBERAS ESSE DEBERE.--*-—Suet. in Tl-B. 8. 28.
A ?:
IN CIVXTATE LIBERA LlNGUAM YENTEMQUE
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_;==t_
73
53
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T, si-Tsi , : f si ( e}!
LETTERS written by. the late Right Hon .
PHILIP DORMER STANHOPE, Ear] of
Chsseqsield, to his Son Plu'lzsip Stanbope,
Esq; late Envoy 'Extraordinary to the
Court of Drg/den.
LETTsiER xx.
siBATH, Octobfr ", 1738. \
MY DEAR CHlf-D,
J—MM AVING mentioned Cicero to you in my
' " Ye) (Ksi last; Cicero, the greatefl orntor that Rome
V!_ ' fly * ever roduccd; although it produced seve
- M==V ral ; this day introduce to your acquain
l1 H !! tance Demoflhenes, the mofl celebrated ot'
- H==ll - the Grecian oraton. To say-the truth,
FE un si?! I ought to have began with Demosthenel,
,(5) ' (; as the chief; for he lived about three hun
- W dred years before the other. Cicero even
_ improved by reading his orationt, as I
- ' hope you will in time profit by "add; those of both. Let us
' tetum to Demosthenec. He was born at Athens, a celebrated
city in Greece; and'lb commanding va: his eloquence, that, for
w
a considerable time, he absolutely governed thority, and per
sundedthc peopletowhntever he pleased. His elocutionvat not
naturally good, forhe Rammered; but got the better of that
* Whom byl speaking with small pchbleo in his mouth. He
rct, ' 'pguishcd imsclf more particular? by his oratiom again]!
( Philip King of Macedonia, who h- designed the conquefl of.
' brent. Those omtions, being MPhiIip, were from thence
called Philippics. You see how! lit is to speak well, to ex
pese one's scif clearly, and to pnmoume gracefully. The ta
0! pf spakigfihell, is_ monefl'entitllv neecfl'ny than any other,
"a We un hot agreeable, and eqnfidtnhie.
' 'I" ' of the city of'Athenu ct I believequ at prcldnt know
but tt of it; and, et"?! Would be nqdnte in he wvll informed
2:- unt subjects o'r, is Athens was not the mother, at least
mmfin dlshoss-Annnd ficient"; that it tosay, though
lhe did not invent, yet she improved them to the highe degree of
. " dien. It it true, - that aru and seiencu first began in
. pt; but it it at certain, that they were brought to perfection
it shend. The stenten Philoshphers (that is to say, men who
ss loved and studied wisdom) were Atheniant, as also the Peels,
ct and the bet! Ontom Am likewise were there brought to the
_ 'tnnoil Men; such as sculpture, which means the art of
_-_ —-cuttin in stone and in marble: Architecture, or the art
' sofhuifd'mgh ,rtempks, and theattu, well; Painting, mu
fic, in short, every artflourishcd at Athens. The Athenian: had
-__- great delicae of wit, andjnsineso of ufle; they were polite and
agreeable. hat sort of lively, just, and pleasingwit, which they
" ' csscd, wi! called Attic Salt, because-salt has, as you know,
_. ething sharp, md yn agreeable. Even now, it is said of a
* 'that-; who has that tum o! wit, he has Atlic Salt; which meam
thenkm- I hope you will have a good deal (as that salt; but
siio' requires the learning many thin s; the comprehending and
'! ng them without hcfitatiom or the best things lose much
_ their merit, if they appear too studied. Adieu, my dear
' - 'i here is enough for thu day.
_.si'— . LBTTEL XlI.
(AM glad to hear you study the Roman hisio ; for, of all
{meth histories, it is the mofl'siinstmctive, an furnishe: molt
?. si simples ot virtue. wisdom, end courage. The other great
Bmpires, as the Affyrian, Peishn, end Macedonian, spmngup,
ct sialmofi of : sudden, by favourable accidents, and the rapidity of
their conquelis; but the Roman Empireextended itself gradually,
; and surmounted the ohstncles thet opposed in oggfandisemem,
, not lcls by virtue and wisdom, than by force of inns.
Rome, which at length became the misiresl of the world, was
(as you know) in the beginninghbot : small city, founded by
. Romulus, her first King, at the earl of an inconsuderlble num
ber of herdsmen and vagahonds, who had made him their Chief.
, At the first survey Romulus made of hil people; that is, the first
tinie he took an account of the inhabitants, they amounted only
to three hundred thousand foot endthree hundred horse; whereas,
ss towards the end of his reign, which lasted thirty seven year:, he
reckoned forty six thousand foot, end one thousnnd horse.
Duringthe first two hundred-imd fifty years of Rome, as long
as it was governed by Kings) the Rome!" were en aged in fre-ss
quent wan with their neighbours; who endeavou to crssush in
_ its infany : flute whose future greptnesl they dreaded, as the na
tural consequence ofits vinue, courage, and wisdom.
Thus Rome employed in first two hundred znd fifty years in
Rrugglinz with the neighboufin states, who were in that period
entirely subdued; and two hun ned andsifty more in 'conquering
the rest of Italy: So that we'reckon five hundred 'years from the
.foundation of Rome to the entile conqueR of lnly. And in the
jollowing two hundred years she mained to the empire of the
: world; that is, in seven hundred yeon from the foundation of
the city.
' !. E T T E R XLIX.
OMULUS, who (as I have already told you) was the
_ founder and first King of Rome, not hnving sufficient in
haditann for hie new city, considered every method which he
might augment their number; and to that end, hei ned out :
proclnmatim, deellrin , that it shouldbemo len, of, in other
worde, a fanctmryan Ince of safety, foes as were hanished ss
; from thediffcrent citieso ltaly. Thisdevicebrou ht tohim many ss
si people, who quitted their respective towne, w ether for debt,
, _or on account of erimes which they had committed: An osyium
heing a place of protection for all who fly me it; where, let their
siossencet be whn they will, they cannot be lpprehendcd or pu-;
ss tiished. Pray, is it not why astonishing, that; from such a vile
all'emblage of vaprante and ruguu, the wisest and mbli virtuous
nation, that ever um .sllould deducc in origin? The reasqn
is this: Romnlne en such whalesomejaws- ssinspired his
,people with so great?! bf- ' lory' end theit'sseountty, ,nd so
firmly esiablishessd religion, and tie worshipbf tliesiGods, this: ?"
some succeeding ages, they continued a nation of Heroes andvir
tuous men. *
\, 'L.
A N E - C D O T, E.
SCYLURUS the Seythian, having fourseorect sone, desired
nothing so much al to bring them up in the loveof each other:
And to shew them how invincible coneord would render then} 5- as
he lay on his death-bed, he called them around him, and gwmg
to each of them a bundle of javelins, 'bade them try if they coul
break the bundles. The young men, having attempted, anctd
declaring it impracticable, Scylurus untied the hundlcs "'I then
presence, broke the javelins, one by one, with the greatest ease,
and from thence took occasion thus to address it children
" Behold, my sone, your sh-ength; whilst linked together in the
bonds of amityi 0 the contrary, how weak, and what an easy
prey ou must be, wsihen separated in your interests by discord
and editions." ct
How'NATloNs ma ENSLAVED.
H E N we examine the histories of those nations, which
were orce free, and whose govemmmts are since become
despotie and arbitnry, we shall find that all those changes have
been brought about by the unbition, corn: tion, or avarice of a
few of its nativeess' and that when the wot he- been done,, the
peo e likewile have been kept in me by natim. - if the estate;
of ranee have lost their power, it was not done by Synnierdt;
and if the Cortez of Spain are become lnfi ificant. it vne not the
French that made them so; but the Frene desh'oyed the libertie
of France, and the Spaniarde those Uf Spain. _ ,
In the Wett Indiet, negreee sometimes are set to watch negrees ;
not but they are as much nue- a the felt, a much subject tache
humour, captice and will of their master, but the master finde
out one or more, who being of a beset mind than the rest., 50
tempnd. forthshg bei ;de urbem- ss_,_to_
become an instrument ozss'chctafier e tyranny,. and to add 'the
senimde of his empenioae. -
It is true, that noeaeemo these mistnble creatures is trushd
te act for the nst, every fine , hie own ctrepresentetive; but in
nations "hewe one is trufied w act for : t men , it has been
seen that the vile trustee would part with t e share liberty he wasss
entrulted to guard,-fos : you! of riband, or for the sake of wear
ing any bit of sineryz-M hind]; for any little diflinction in title
of name, or for a little bride, without having necessity to plead
folsithe taking it. _ ' si _ ' _ si '
But what it Drange i., (hit millions of people should shbinit
to an httndtedth part of that number; for it is certain, where
ordinary power prenih, thok who keep the rest m suhjeffion,
will not Illik' one in the hundred of the whoie people, and yet
the fiundredth man will keepthe ninety nine in awe, though it
shall happen that those who msiset zput for the u se shall be
the basefl and mon inconsidem'ble of the perssle. ut shall quote
: possage from a treatise, entitled voluntary avery, which explain:
the nature of nrbitrary gonernment, and shewe the subordination,
that the too]; and insh-umentt oftyrznny are under one to another.
" Whoever think: that the halherds of the guzrds, and the
arms of the sentinelo, us the sccuri? of tyrantu, in my opinion,
il much deceived; the make use o them. ] believe, mote for
shew am! oflentation, on for any eonfldence they place in them.
it Would appear upon inquiry, thnt there have not been so' many
Roman Emperor: who havcsibeen reserved by their guards, as
have perished by them. ,Troope of orse, and eompamet of foot,
are not the arms by which tyrants are defended, at first one can
scarcely believe it, nevertheless it is true. There are always four
or five who sit it the tynnt, four or five who keep the whole
country in boneirge; it has always happened thnt five or six have
had the tyrant"; ear, have made their way to him of themselves,
or have been called by him to be the accomplicu of hit cruelty,
the com anione of his pleasure, pandcn to his luste, and sharers
of his p unders: These six manage their chief so well, that by
the bonds of society he mufl be wicked, not only to ratify hi
own propensity, but likewise theirs. These six have :: hundred
who plunder under them, and these six hundred are to them what
the fix are to the tyrant. These six hundred hav'e under them six
thousand, whom they have raised to posts, to whom they have
given either the government of provinces, or the management of
public monies, thn they [nay be instruments of the avarice and
cruelty, end esteente their orders :ta roper time. These subor
dilute officere'do so much to their sel ow citizens, that they can
not live but under the shadow of their superiort, nor escape the
punishments due to theilsi erimeo both their contrivance and pro
tection. The consequence of this is and indeed. Whoever will
amuse himself in tracing this chain, will see, that not only the six
thousand, but perhn an hundred thousand are fastened to the
tyrant by it, of whic he makes the same use as Jupiter does in'
Homer, who beasts that if he but touch the end of it, he can draw!T
all the Cods toward: him." ss -'
73 m Ass R M Y.
. Directions: bow to person- lb! mutual um'q'st 5) mayst. -
IRST, Let amarch, such as God five the [(in ,,' Carhi
nier'ss or the Dors'etshire, be fixed upon for the : ve pur
pose; but any other mite may do that is let to muste in common
& time, t'. e. having four crotchcn (or other notes equll themunto)
in : bar. _
ed] ; Order one of these tunet to be blovn either on the tnlm-i
per, e, elarionet, or on some other wind instrument, and set;
those whom you would firfi learn by this method to march without '
,amu for some time bykess said tune, in olde: to ground them
se,
,]
thoroughly in the several belto of the same,
\ by them with use and without eon'sh-lim. ,] - ss .
! zdly, Now yond)! venune to letthen inch , '
ss and shoulden (bedde! the first finin, or 25. ofthw
be played m pine, fy: chewed hadd
7 ubly, 'The-music diesmnddmrM' w
the-same instant the manne] exercise to begin. had I! am
till the w'hole' " ended,- keeping chosen; mct time bended—
motion as was domin march'mg.
5thly, An exception or two mufipt and to (held
rule, viz. when the rlmrod' n half drawn (it, and
handed, double time, or No beau, {0 up he lum an (A
it off the ]) s, turning, ind intins bmw ss
, 6chly, 'i'i-fe s-uue portion sin.}! in likewise wbe Mffl '
,iirawing' :: out of the bare], turning and Mng ie- do;"! llz
] 00 5
fihly, lo the second motion oisi :: Unctuth
must dwell a little on that note (caflefissw ) m mien;
time to bring the firelock down to its propu' minde.
It is practicable to bring, not only : baudionor :
exeicise by the asoresaid mien, but :- wholeumy, m
least 50,ooo men, and with inch lccuncy end perfdhoh ' _
of time, an cannot be executed by. any, other method
sound out, the due performance of which will me!!
affect che lowin bitlfl ofevm Cheek, " mite. ,
5 95 7
than demanstnn
Mess. Dlxo'N &? HU'NTER. cti- .si
GF N s ]. EM F. N,
fie comitm is Loursr. bove repussed th! )u'siww sssi
ing iujwssgm:
The Rev. Mr. OMAS H'ALL Chairmm.
THlS combine: being informed Gut ! cssedlini Iolm w = - si
had been speaking inimicai, to fliedommsionemsesi _ ss'si
I to mgsske.his ddeiice, when it assemdsi ,by the My; ct ,
ral witnesses. that he was' giii ty of the charge W _ ,
* him; but, uyon hi. Qeclafing hit (chew ib; his pil! " si,
williogness lo acqeiesce ip every niee'snre the the llo'nom
Conveminn should adopk, and pay ing the tun for" dcfiiy'lng'u
expence of the Belegnm, which fill ihen he hail refused,
ldjsmizreg, . -si._ ne may Gmrr, cum,
'A couithouse, on Monday, ];muu ons, "76: Presejn, ;
T : meeting us the comminsiee of Godsschhnd county, I! did
members. —The Rev. Mr. Willinm las being summoned , ,
to this committee, on the information of onisnd wimefl'ee,tdd si
the said William Dou laslnd hads Eke" disrefpefl Made"!
of America, appear, Ysir die wimdhq
shi- Committee me of opinion. that Mf- Dutch) ba
\ thing woithy of notice, and the! he Who ittu ififfib— _
nous. GEO= I:!NDERW ; (B.C.
- ssssssssss - ssrss ct. _ . ctsi.
Mess- DXXON 5 HUN'rnt. - ; sictct
Genuemzu, No. CAKOLRNA, M. Rsilm. -ss'si '
B} ictsfftiug tbefillo-w'si injour'M, ,! ("'a ' ou
sttml readn. "- * . ""
HE dispute between Grelt Britain add Adel'ksil h—
T often explained by able writen, thnt it i'eneedle'suo , - -
thing concerning it, than this:" ) if the British Parli—ent
sitlj's
: right to tax America, in the manner, and fond: "
rretend, and to make laws to bind us in all case!, it ' "3
. ' .1si sctsisi
awsul for the Americans to oppose them. It On th! My 32
which has been proved, they have not that right, tho
ricans, in duty to themselvee and their posierity, ought so - - - .
them. This they have done, end are still doin . nb ' -
ing the base and cruel measures fallen upon by those in '. '
Britzin and Ameriea, to prevent theit procunn the newe &
sencc; in which, however, they have hiRtet-to Make ss't -
as the Amerieana have, though it: seat expence; hent ' sisi -
with ammttnition sufficient to cnabk hell to lninnin I '3
war for many months, during which time they hivd ' ss _ ssss-p
method that could be devised. to preuil with the goveminj _ss' 12,
in Britnin to repefl'their nnjutt and cruel ten. and to ' {sir
peace and har'mbny which fo'rmefly subsisted between w si":si'
America. Petitidnv, addrsicssee, Us. havebeensenttoflufl, - '
that repeatedly," in hopes that at laft ehez would meet with Udj—I-ss'si
sircd and dese'n'red subc'csect But alas! ring, thirst MM si'ssss
can blood! chsm'ehsits after regir'nenu have been feare": ;ct?.
shtd it;" more We ne threatned with, lnd !)! the hand ct ' 33,
unjttst, cruel, and nnnatura!w:u*,sim-e det __ Was si' ct
, low subjects in'An'tesiel, whom they bnnd with dle w I."!
? uhdeserved eyithet qf'rcbtlt, "only because they retain too N -— "3
their honoured British anceflon spirit to submit to be his. si' '
Js
' To defisiay the exctpssences of this just, necctlry, and " ss
defensive war, whtch the Americans have been conptllct n' _
gage in, they haVe been obliged to emit large some ilm ' " si—ct
of credit. The epa'ratiom that Britain il making to M
their enllrwing sc temes thcte cnsuinsfyear, and (al theyw- i) sib .
conquer Amcricn, makes it ner ary, not only 'to Hv [by.
forces that have been (employed this yeu, but to .dd :
! si
their number for the femce of the next, which 'I] make (
1 ."ss
omission and that a large one, ahsolttdeiy lus",- "t' si' 7
know that the value of : Pipes cutsireney hind! th si
risi
estublishcd to unk the bill: in circulation, which, tate . . Ass .' '
case, is defi ned to be efectecf by ; wings", ., Fl-Wv si,—
pnid annua ] bv the pepple of each Fovim, fy , - ?, sisitss
years to come. But how the people um, vsi- , ct _ ;,
me is the next thin to be considered. find ounce - -- '- "
too soon; r shou & nny real or inginlry ' siss " _ si
fond present itselfto the tblic, or besspcescntsid - ? 5: \_ sssi
mies ui Amen'cn, the : it of our Pipes :.. .flffflct ' uctct
our amics can then no longer be kcpt tlpi, ' it:? ' If"? * si
sendeth we mustsisithen disband the bite,'-ss.lll sctcn ' - . si_ ,
befool: the shiectshvesifshosewmppwmct ( ' Wss
\.