The enquirer — Richmond, Va., 1810-01-04 00:00:00, page 4

!■•-> .1 ... SL '!
70 TnH EDirO* O* THE E.VQJMBJCIt.
Si*. . ; .
I enclose you a paper containing Mr.
Madron's spreen on the original establish
nmit of the Bank, of the United States —
Without dilating much on the general pnli
cy of the Banking system, as it affects the
commerce and wealth of our country, it goes
at once into ah investigation of the subject,
on tlu broad .uid unpaitant basis of its Con
sttlu totality. As such, it is the most lu
wmouB exposition which 1 have ever sren ;
A as the subject will probably be again agi
tated, during the present session of Con
gress, it may not be improper, at this time,
to re publish this speech. It will show the
light in which this matter was seen nineteen
years ago, and in which it ought to he re
viewed at this day, since the Constitution
is still silent, as it relates to the power of
granting charters of incorporation.
ft is obvious, that this is a mere compend
pf Mr. Madison’s speech—not reported as
it was spoken.
HOUSE OF REPRESEJW'ATIVES,
or THE
UNITED STATES.
Wednesday, Feb. 2, 1791.
THE BAN K-KILL
UNDER CONSIDERATION.
MR. MADISON began with a general re
view of the advantages and disadvai • ges of
but ks. The former he stated to consist in, first,
tlie aids they afiuidlo merchants who can there
by push their mercantile operations farther with
the *air.e capital 2d. The aids to merchants
in D ying punctually the customs. 3d. Aids to
the government in complying punctually with
its engag ments, when deficiencies or delays
happen in the revenue. 4th. In diminishing u
aury. 5th. In saving the wear of the gold and
siher kept in the vaults, and represented by
nop‘8. 6th In facilitating occasional .rcnrmtAli
cea from different pi .ccs where notes happen lo
circulate. The effect of the proposed bank, in
raising the value of stock, he thought, had been
greatly overrated. It would no doubt raise that
of the stock subscribed into the hank ; but could
I tor little effect on slock in general, as th*t in
terest on it would remain the same, and the
quantity frakau out of the market would be re
p^eea ry bank stock.
l'l.e principal disadvantages consisted in, 1st.
banishing the precious metals, by substituting
another medium to perform their offi-rn : This
effect was inevitable It was admitted by the
most enlightened patrons of banks, particularly
by Smith on the Wealth of Nations. The com
mon answer to the objection was, that the mo
ney banished was only an exchange for some
thing equally valuable that would be imported in
return. He admitted the weight of this nhst-r
vuticu in "general, but doubted whet her, in the
present habits of this country, the returns would
hot he in articles of no permanent use to it._
21. Exposing the public and individuals to nil
the evils off a run on the bank, which would be
particularly calamitous in ho great a country as
tins, *nd injgiit happen from various causes, ak
false rum us, bad management of the instituti
on, an unfavorable b.xlmce of trade from short
crops, &.c.
It was proper to he considered also, that th*
m ist import .mt of the advantages would be bet
t. < buii.nl by several banks properly distribu
ti than by a single one. The aids to commerce
eeni l onlj be afforded at or very wear the seat of
t ic hank The same w .s true oi aids to mer
chants in the payment of customs. Anticipati
ons oi the government would also be most con
veuient at the different places where the inte
rc.-t of the debt was to be paid. The case in
America was different from that in England :_
the interest there teas all due at one plac«, and
the genius of.the monarchy favored the con
ci ntration of wealth and influence at the me
lt opohs.
• it- in uigui tnc plan liable to other ohjecti
c.'.j : It did not make so good a bargain for the
public '.s was due to its interests. The charter
to the bank of England iiud been granted for 11
years only, and was paid lot by u loan to the
government on (arms better than could be else
where got. Every renewal of the charity had
in like manner been purchased ; in some instan
ces at a Very hiph price. The f ame had been
dot e by 'the banks of Genoa, Naples and other
lik'- h?oks of circulation. The plan whs unequal
to the public creditors—it gave an undue pre
ference u> the holders of a panic ular denotninati*
on oi tile public debt, and to those at aiul with
in reach of the seat of government If the sub
scription* should be rapij, the distent holders ©f
p .pi r "vuld be excluded dtigethi-r.
1:» making these remarks oi. the merits of the
bill, ie had reserved to himself, he said, the
l ight to deny the authority * f Congress to pass
it lie had entertained this opinion troin the
date of the constitution His impression might
perhaps he tin- stronger, l> ■. one lie well tei ol
lrcted, tint a power to grantch mers oi incorpo
ration lia.t bean proposed in tiro general conven
tion and rejected
is the power of establishing an incorporated
hank >n,n»-.<- the powers vested by the constituti
on in the Icfisl-iture of the U. States? This b
the question to h« examined.
After sonic genet al remarks on the limitati
ons of ail political power, lie took notice of ihe
peculiar manner in whieli the federal government
v limit* d. It in not a general grant, out of which
particular powers are excepted. It is a grant
ol particular powers only, leaving the general
mass in other hands. So it had been understood
by its friends and its fo«.E, aad ao it was to be
interpreted.
As preliminaries to a right interpretation, he
laid (low n lb. fallowing rules :
An interpie.ation that destroys the very cha
racteristic of the government. cannot bi jo
Where a u ai mg is ch ar, the conai cpiences,
whatever they may be, are to be admitted_
where doubtful, it is fairly tiiabte by its iwnse
quinces.
In controverted cases, the meaning of the par
ties to the instrument* if to be collected by rea
sonable evidence, as a prooer guide.
Cott-mpurary and concurre nt * > position* are
a reasonable evidence of me meaning of the par
ties.
h. admitting or rejecting a « (instructive audio
r.iy, not only the degree of its incidemality to
an expiess authority, is to he regard I, juu the
<ti gue *.i its importance also ; since on this will
ih p< r..l the probability or improbability or its be
ing lcit to construction.
kcritwhig the constitution with an eye p,
portions, it was not possible to discover
* it . . power to incorporate a bank 'J he ot 1,
ih • '% mi er which such a power could be pl c.
ttiKiCii, 4re eili.er—*
1. 'ihe power to lay nnd collect taxes to r>:.\
tho delle, ar.d ptovidu fjr the common d< (cm
and general welfare ; tor,
~. i power to borrow money on the credit
»f the U. States ; Or,
,i. The powe to p at all laws necessary and
proper to carry into execution those powers.
ih. bill did n>t. some win,in the hr».< ower
1* to., no Ux to pay ihe debts, or provide tor ttu
1 wrhare. It l4id r-» t. ; j,
w lallfcg'- Ur fotc.gii to to-.- b.h . t.
.* ..rg.i/o.nt coufi U.-slriH i i, in, .
f' "tt.d welfare.” , |u
f *-H purposes, ,VJ|«. j mp,,j
. <. ’• thc.u ,nd t y. ,
|1 J vs tin iv ,lv« s wereiiiniud andtx^.’
L t » p *« "i.Lr enumeration sub* .inc*t i.
e .drvv.«nd .uc*j vero,* u* *..j u„u . owlc
justify the powecin question, \Hrould give ta Con
fess an unlimiVd power; would rentier mi
gatory th« enuaiersiion of particular powers ;
would supercedt all tlia powers reserved to the
stale governm-nts. These terms are copied
front the articles of confederation ; had it evei
been pretended, that they were to be understood
otherwise than as here explained !
It had been said that “ general welfare” meant
cases in which a general power might he exercis
ed by Congress, without interfering with the pow
ers of the States ; and that the est iblishment • !
a National Dank was of this sort. There were,
he Said, several answers to this novel doctrine
1. The proposed Dank would interfere so as I
indirectly to defeat a sluts bank at the •aine place. J
2 It would directly interfere with the rights ol i
the states, to prohibit as well as to establish banks
and the circulation of bank notes, llo mentioned ;
a law of Virginia, actually prohibiting the circu- |
lation of notes payabe to heart r. 3. Iaterfer-'
ence with the power of the slates was no coksti- j
tutiorul criterion of the power of Congress. If'
j the power was not given, Congress could not ox-!
er, ise it; if given, they Hiiglit exardise it, al- I
! though it should interfere with the laws or even I
the constitution of the states. 4. If Congress j
could incorporate a bank, merely because the act !
I would leave the states free to establish banks i
also ; any other incorporations might be made by :
Congress. They could incorporate companies of'
inaoufai turers, or companies lor cutting canals,
or even retig.oils societies, leaving similar incor
porations by the states, like state banks to them
selres : Congress m'urbtcven establish religious
teachers in every purisli, and pay them out of the
Treasury of the United States, leaving other:
teachers unmolested in their functions.-— These |
i inadmissible consequences condemned the con
troverted principle.
The case of the bank established by the former
\ Coiigies3, had been cite 1 as »• precedent. This
was known, lie said, to have been the child ofue
I cessily. It never could be justified by the regu
lar powers of tile articles ot confederation. Cm
1 gress betrayed a consciousness of this in recom
j mending to tlia states to incorporate the bank ul
| so. They did not attempt to protect, tile bauk
notes by penalties agdnst counterfeiters. These
j were reserved wholly to the authority of die
• states.
The second clause to bx? examined isf that
which empowers Congress to borrow money.
Is this a bill to borrow money ? It does not
borrow a shilling. I* there any fair construction
by which the bill can be dec.ned an exercise of
the powsr to borrow money ? The obvious mean
ing of the power to borrow money, is that of ac
cepting it from, and stipulating pa} inenl to those
who are able and uit/ir.g to lend.
To sav that the power to borrow involves a
power of creating the ability, where there may
' he the will to lend, is not only establishing a dan
gerous principle, as will he immediately shewn,
but is as forced u construction, as to say that >t
involves the power of compelling the will, where
there may he the ability to lend.
The third clause is that which gives the power
to pass ati laws necessary and propet to exeeute
the specified powers.
Whatever meaning this clause may hare,none
can be admitted,that would give an unlimited dis
cretion to Congress.
its meaning must, according to the natural and
obvious force ot the terms ami the context, be
J limited to means neorttwy to the r d, and incident
| to the nature of lue specified powers.
The clause is in i«»u merely declaratory of vvhat
would have resulted by unavoidable implication,
as the appropriate, and as it were, technical
moans of executing C use powets In this sense
it tiuu been explained by the friends of the con
stitution, ..nd rallied by ti e state conventions.
The essentialcharaett r stic of the government,
as composed *1 limited and enumerated powers,
would be destroyed : if instead of direct and in
cidental means, any means could be used, which
in the language of the preamble to the bill,
* might be conceived to be conducive to the suc
cessful conducting of the finances ; or might be
conceived to tend to give facility to the obtaining
of loans.’ He urged an attention to the diffuse
and ductile terms which had been found requisite
to cover the stretch of power contained in the
bill. He compared them w ith the terms •tecessa
j ry aiul proper, used in the Constitution, and asked
i whether it was possible to view the two descrip
tions us symmimous, or the one as a lair and safe
j commentary on the other.
] ii| |nub^ucu lie, kyunjjicss, uy virtue Of il'.c
power to borrow, can create the means *,f lend
ing, and in pursuance of these means, can Incor
porate a bank, they may do any thing whatever
creative of like means.
The East India company has been a lender to
the British government, as well as the bank, and
i the South .^ua company is a greater creditor than
1 either. Congress then may incorporate similar
( companies in Ike United States, and that too not
under the idea *f regulating u ads, but under that
of harrowing money.
Private capitals are the chief resources for loans
to the Briir.i government. Whatever then may
b conceived la favor the accumulation ofcapitals
m-y sc done by Congress. They may incorpo
rate manufacturers. They may' give monopolies
•n every hrai r.h of domestic industry
^ it, again, Congres, by virtue of the power to
borrow money, can create the ability to lend,
tiiry mav hy virtue of the power iw levy money,
ci eaSe the ability to pay it. The ability to pay
t.<xi s depends on the general wealth of the soci
ety, and this, on the general prosperity of agri
cullure, ni.iMtifaclurcs and commerce. Congress
then may gin: bounties and make regulations on
allot these objects.
I lie state* have, it is allowed on all hands, a
concurrent right to lay and collect taxes. Tins
power is secured to them not by its being express
ly reserved, but by its not being ceded by lb
constitute n. The reasons for the bill cannot he
admitted, because they would invalidate that
light ; why may it not be concr %ed by congress,
that an uniform and exclusive imposition of tax
es, would nottle.** than the propw-e-l banks, * be
conducive to the successful c6nductii<g of die na
tional linances, and tend to five facility to the ob
t iniug oi revenue, for the use ot the ttoveru*
ment ?’ °
1 l.c doctruu of implication is always a lender
o..e. i he danger of it lia. been f>dl in other go
vernments. The d< iicucy was felt in the aif .p
tion ot our own; the danger may also be felt, ii
vve do lint keep close to our chartered authorities.
.Mark the reasoning on which the validity of
the bill depends. To borrow money is made ,iie
end and the accumulation of capitals tit.plied an
the meant The accumulation of capitals is then
die end, and a bank implied as the mc«ns. The
I I) ink is (lien tuc tn./9 arid the cIi tier of incorpo
1 ration, a mini -poly, capital punishments, &c. on
! plied as the meant.
it implications, thus remold and thus multipli*
1 ed, esn be linked together, u chain mav be form
; cd that Will re tell every object of legislation, ev
ery object within the wboic compass ol political
i economy.
I ^ i'iie I itiluJcof interpretation required by the
bill u eo.i'le.oiH <i liy diC rule furnished by the
COliSllint WU itsoif
(»o(igr. as have p-.urer “to regulate the valws
<d won- y yet it is expressly added, not left
• <li be iinpl.c , lfi.it Counterfeiters m.y be p.m
• (shed.
i-it-/ have the power “to declare war,” t-i
• /Inch ar-i.it a are more iuc!<!»nr, ih.ni incorpor-it*
- d i>-*.o , to non owing j yet is expressly «<i,ieil,
ha: ). >Wi r ■ to raise Mnd support armies and
• • - 'if. , -i, liia express power “ to make nil-.-*
i „a-d. n> lor ti.c government of arieia*
... - ■ c.iUi a is p.icat-le to Inc p j aus as to a
j - c- i v*m* latino and calling c u oft he mditiaart
j n*.-. >.p.at: tciM'.t o war, tiia-i \ii“ projrt.s^-d ba-ii;.
j * ■ 1' < 'i-*a • i *• t the foriiAtur *it i-yt iylt tv ton
wc.ioi,
w - v- -• \ ’ .nr
'1 lie very power to t»<>: row jimmu-v ales* re
note implication from the power of war, than an
neoi-porated iii'mortnly bniik, from the power of
borrowing—yet i.»«,p >wer to borfow b not left to
implication.
It ix not pretamb-d that every ins rtion or o
ni«aion in the conxt”Utioii ia the clf-et of sys
tematic attention This in uat the character of
any human wr«ok, particularly the work of a body
•>f wen The examples cited, with other* that
aiighl he added, so iioieir.lv inculcate neverthe
■«ss a rule of interpretation, very Oillerent from
dial on which the hill vests They condemn the
exercise of any power, particularly a great and
important power, which is rot evidently and tie
ccssariiy involv . 1 in an express power.
It cannot •>« denied that the power proposed to
be exercised is an important power.
As a charter or incorporation the hill creates
an artillcial person previously not existing in law.
1. canters important civil rights‘and attributes,
which could not otherwise be claimed, ft is,
though not precisely .similar, at It* i*t equivalent,
to the lutunilixitivH of an alien, bv which certain
now civil cbaract -rs are required .y him Would
Congress uavc had Ihe pow-irto naturalise, if it
ha<( out been expressly given ’
In the power to make bye laws, the hill delcga
ted a sort ot legislative po wer, which is unques
tionably .01 act of a high and important nature
lie took notirefthe only rent rail it on the bye
laws, tliat they- were not to L«: contrary to the
law and the consli* u’.ion ol the hank ; and ask'd
what law was inteuilcd ; iftiie law ol the Unit
ed States, the s untiness of tleir code would giro
a power, never before given to a corporation—
and obnoxious to the slates, whose laws would
then be superceded not only by the laws of Con
gress, but by the bye-laws ol a corporation with
in tlieir own jurisdiction. If the law intended,
was the law of the state, then the slate m.g’it
make laws that would destroy an insiituliou of
the U. Slates.
The biil gives s power to purchase and hold
1-mdi; Congress U.enwUi n could not purchase
coida wit..ui a stale ** with...it tlie consent of
its Legislature.” liow scold they d< legate a
power to otl.cra which they d.d not puases* them
selvts ?
1' take# from otir successors, who hair cqitnl
rights with ourselves, c ad with tiiu aid of experi
ence will fie more capable ot deriding on the ctib.
jec*, an opportunity „f exert i-mg that right, for
an immoderate term.
t .1;. s fu»m our constituents the opportunity
of c'clik r tii.;? on the untried measure, although
thei • hands .,re also to be lied by it far tl.c .>:.'iio
ictiti.
u involves a monopoly, which aiifects thcerjual
rights of every c ,vu.
It leads to u pctiai regulr.t ion, perhaps capital
punishments, one vf the most solemn acta cl
sovereign authority.
From this view of the power of incorporation
cxerc.sud m the till, it could never be deemed
an accessary or suba*U r« power, to l«e deduced
by implication, as a means >f executing a o in r
power ; it was in its nature a distinct, an inde
pendent •■nd substantive prerogative, which not
being enumerated m the constitution could nev
er have been meat t to he included in it, and
not being included could never be ii/yhU’ullvcx
ercised.
Ho here adverted to a distinction, which he
said had not been .suflicirnl l\ kept in view, be
tween a power necessary and proper lor the gov
ernment or union, and a p ,ver n«*c**s>:arv a.;.I
proper tor executing the enumerated powers, in
the latter case, the powers included in each wl'j
tlie enutmiraird powets were not rxpresei d, tmt
to be drawn from the nature of each. Ju m- for
mer, the powers composing the government
were expressly enumerated. This constituted
the peculiar nature oftiie government, no r> >wur
therefore not eiiuiiatTi ated, could 03 inferred from
the general nature otgoieinnieni. Had the |x>w
er ol making treaties, «,*i exampde, been onV.iied,
, however necessary it might have been, the d n ct
| o'>uld only hive been lamented, orsup.hi di v an
I smer.duicut ul the •onstiliuion.
! lint the proposed bank could not even he cd
[led necessary lo tlie governments at mist it
I could be but convenient. It- use.; to the govern
i rnent could be supplied by keeping the taxes a
1 little in advance— by loans from individuals—by
the other banks, over wu.t .1 me government
vtouiii natve tquhi Coniii*;«iu» ; iuy griMicr, .i0 4t
i nifty grain orrefuseto these the privilege, ro..d«
[ ■' *'ve "•■d irrecoverable gift to the piopos.d
hank, of using their notes in tiie fedeni! rocn ic.
lie proceeded next to llie cotcinporarv t viosi
| tions given to tiie consul itKin.
T, ■ d; fence -gainst the charge foui.ded on the
I want of a bill ofiignts, presupposed, bn said,
tout the powers not given were retained; -ud
tom those given were not to be extended by no
■ note implications. Oil any other suppr-snion,
ii e jiowcr of Congress lo abridge the ir» edotn el
tiie piv.xs, or the rights of conscience, Ike. could
nut bate1 been disproved
Tnc explanations in the state conventions all
turned on the s.tiiic hindatm. -nt.d jn iiiciplv, anil on
tiip principle that tnc terms necessary ami proper
gave no additional powers to those eiuiin»-i-y id.
[Here lie read sundry passages iV■■ in the debates
of the Pennsylvania, Virginia aiul Novlh-Caroli
j 11a conventions,- shewing die grounds on vvlueh '
the constitution find been v indicated by its prin ;i- '
pal advocates, against a dangerous, latitude of its
powers, charged on it by us opponents] He
did not umlei lake to vouch for tiie accuracy or
authenticity of the publications which he quoted
*—he thought it probable that die sentiments de
livered might in many iiintances have been mis
taken, or imperfectly noted ; but the ctnnplexani
of the whole, with what he himself and many o
ditis must recollect, fully justified the u-c ire
had made of them.
The explanatory declarations and amendments
[ accompany ing the ralitications of tiie several
st’* e-s formed ft striking evidence, wearing the
■* -i"<- complexion, lie referred those who might
doubt on the subject, to .lie several acts of iatiii
Catioii,
The r xplanatory amendments proposed bv con
gress themselves, at least, would be good ?..i
tliuiY.y v/itli them; all liiese renunciaiio.s of
power proceeded on :v rule of construction. ev
eluding the latitude now contended for These
explainlions were the more to be respected, as
tin y had not only hern proposed by cm. gross, bin
ratified by nearly tin eufourtlis of i n- states. Ho
re id several otihe article proposed, icma:king
pailicul.il/ on tiie lllhuiid 12th, th- f..riner a.
guarded against n latitude < f interpretation—tiie
latter, as excluding eve;)- .jurca ofpowjrnut
within the constitution it.eif.
With all tins evidence of the sense in whi-’i
the constitulion w.is understood and adopt.
wdl it not be aid, if the bill should pass, liiut its
adoption was brought about py one sot of argu
meiils, an.! that it uiiow adiiiioitPcn’d ti’ider li.i
itifluen of ariotiicr set ; an., this re-proich will
h ive the keener si.ijg, becatisa it i* applicable
lo so many idividuuis concerned in bum the u
du[)tion and administration.
l,i line, it the power were in th* constitution,
the unniadi.de cx.-rcis- of it cannot be cvstninl
—if not there, the ex rcisaotu involves die guilt
of usurpation, and establishes a precedent ot
interpretation, levelling alt the barriers wfiieu
hunt die powers ot the general gorsrmiicnt, ..id
protect l.ii,»e oi llie slate governments. li toe
point tie doubtful only, respect for onis. lv. *,
who o*-gbt to s.iun the appe i iiiico of ptvcipi<-ti
y and ambition ; icpecl lor < or sur.cois.ov, ,,.,1,
I’.igtit iiu',h 'lilly lo be depriVf d of .no uppot tu
nny of exercising thu rigors of lcgi.il ition ; k,.
pc i for our . o .Ktitii.'iits wb.i have li d i;,, . ,
|,f,rlu,ot. <! making kilo v n tficir ■ -id'nicir «, ami
»vbo Hi'.- ti a.ns.Ives lo !>*• booed d . t,, j:,
nit ilso.e lot so long a pert. d ; all lb. . c ,n»
radons i.-quirc in. t tit. i fie vocable d o:-i ,i
Oimdo it asl b- suspended till.li all nUv. sos
I li appeared on tlte win#!;, he cvu.Iudsd, that
| 'be power exercised hv me bjH maa com. mv.ed
| >v the silence o»‘Umh*«*i»mU»«ioh ; c-'.-tsct.i.hinn
I <yd by the rule of inlerpie at ion ... a mg out ofihe
| •nstjlu'don; was condemned by its te..<h icy to
I destiny ihf main cbur .ct. i t.cotthe e«mni tit><>• ;
| was condomned by the exposition* f-f the ;.-i«nda
i ..■*the constitution, win's dcpvndirg bclcre the
I in blit ; was condemned by the , ;»»rti'.* it,ton.
[ tion of the parties which ratuicd the cvtstitti
I'i-nt ; was cond-mued by .the explanatory amend
.ir nt® p: >posed by Cuiigu s them-clvv. s o the
:<mstituiiini; and iie hoped it would ic^.iveila
total condemnation by the vole of t his bun • •
»of|iy.iJU4 »/si»w ^.wssini r^S
I TWENTY DOLLARS REWARD.—Run
away from Lite subscriber on Sunday night
the 24tli of September, IK ;y, JyJ iff, ;t negro
man about 29 years oRl, rather un tinders /. , and
moderately .spare, a kind of h-»'<i -e, 1 a/.\ voice
and looks, ant to compel you to repeat before he
will give a tlircct answer, sin ill eyes and e irs, a
yellowish black complexion, 5 feet H or 9 inches
high, rather stoops forward from the hips ;,nd a
kind of bitch in one hip. if well observed when
walking, and hy which d -scriptIon he was onev*
discovered when runaway, nd put in jail, al
though lie disowned his name and master and af
fected to be a free man born, lias been severely
whipped, lias a Scar a liltl; over his right eye,
and the appeal ance may bo seen on the body, of
thv small pox, and a lump as I ir ;e as the Huger on
the lore pari of the right siimf s? and left arm,
a little below the shoulder, ami *>n the bad:, es-.
pecially on tlie rigid side tint:or the shoulder
blade, sppposed to be by whipping; alio a scar
on the Jr ft arm by inocul ilioti I!e originally
wli' ii a boy belong :d to J hn M’Clary n Little
\ork, then to Win. Mv CJJiu in or ;iea-- H mover
I own, then to Joseph Due,tree of Lunuiburgh,
then to bis son William in ChurloUe, w ho sold
him to Junes Camp of Lotte .vay, of whom J
Dupuy, junr. bought him, and of whom 1 got
him. lie, 1 understand, lias hee l onee in York
jail as a runaway, and Richmond a d Not*-.way
jails, and while lie was tin: pro|ierty <-f J nics
Dupuy, junr. he runuw y and saal h/r.;>,-!i; , jme
time in Richmond a'\d in Hanover, wucro he
fell .ii with a James Manliloe, as he s. id, who
w is moving t > Grecitbv.er, and he was going
with him when lie was taken up and pit! in jail
in Charlottesville, March 1804, he then disown*
cil his r.ania and master as v a ed above, anil said
he was born li-o an 1 would be free in about a
year, makes some pretensions to religion, parti
cularly while injail in Alb .-marie (Coninti laioacr*
of the tax might probably make some discovery of
hint.) Masters ot vessels ..mi ali other pc: jotia
a e lorwarncd carrying him out of the s'ate, al
though lie may probably change iiis mine, ft.
1 he above reward will be given, besides all legal
fees, for apprehending liiiu ami securing him s->
tiiat l get him, and notifying me thereof, or deli
vering him to nis in the upper end of Nottoway
county.
ROBERT DICKENSON.
December 23. w J w 'if
ERMAN OSNABUROS, for sale i>y the
VJT bale or piece, by the subscriber, at b s ii- use,
near col M<vuk Bridge.
JAMF.v I2 NES.
December 1 .,- y-lV !
0 \KOY£R COU.V i'Y. -T" ' . , irt~
A R K'«!s U> cinninuv ins SCHOOL in lit
neighborhood of Col. Wirt Tiuehearf, Mr Ed
'v a il G. Sydnor, «« the t tisni ,y y>;r.r ; w* e • l ..
e ters to touch the ft-nglisli Grant.oar, K- . in^,
Rhclur.c, Writing and A-itlmu jo. The nT
toy‘iiUkiii will bt> !# t- iyabie the ox;- • .lion
• >t the term: which, will commence i:e d t - f
J-miary, and end the lih of E , i he
thin population of the* neighbi i lic-nt dots n it
warrant mi expectation *f ;; it n< a full s.iiool
without bonnier*# he is th r«.l ••*.* r.uthori; l to
sAy that Mr. Sydnai who .r.Mvs on a tit- Itliy
o. ua'ion Is. very comvnien: iiul<ed to the so. oul,
i will t a lie boarders at £ 60 per ao.ntni. The ut
niuat attention will In- *d lo the 01 r:d < on-luct
01 tht children, as vvcllus I >tlir!>* ntivanccoi. it in
!a -r-: liyf- I he number of Scholars shall uru ex
ceed twenty.
BOWLING Is 1 AUKS.
Ave the umii-isigned do willingly derl-ue that
so far as we have seen or heard, that Mr. iiow ling '
Slui he has conducted his school with a y ,*eat
dial of attention aud propiit-ty.
Given under our hands this 21*.t of id ce . ber,
lbdJ
ir-.it Truehejrt,
d’m Omd. e r,
join. G-:rd<ier.
1-Jece ibei‘2o
j/'OR SALK a tract of Land, • -entail a mn
L 300acres, lying in the coiisti of Ham t. ,
•«> l .lliiii t - iiirlea of Ca* Cilvi.f Ris.uio.ul_■.[
■ ■ ! , Jt . . ■ • ,,
i'fts Whitlock, the tract of land vv v. con tin
VV;ojhiii' ton lin.v Academy ha., >eci long es
tablished. £■.«. 'i'he peculiar and favorable i111
ation oftli a tract of Lund together with the many
valuable qualities attached to it, will render i; an
object worthy t.'ie attention of any gentleman,
wiio m»y bo inclined tu purchase u v;.;.,able seat
convenient to tii* metropolis of the .M ite—-any
person inclined tn porch- ne, may obtain inl-n.na
tion of the terms, by npplicatimi to M.j. }} . . ett
G. 1‘ yne, at tlie Globe Tavern, or to the Subscri
ber living in Fluvanna county *
S.vMUEJ, RICHARDSON.
Fluvanna County, Doc 28. w3v.1|
~6’7//<>FaHU AAU LUCAIi
WE receiveil a general assortment of Gro
ceries consisting of
W. I Rum, Molasses, |
Country Gin, Whiskey, !
Sherry hnd Malaga '
Wine.
Also, Carthen, Glass, China and Stoneware,
German, Crawley and bliacertid Str< I, liar I;on,
Nail-r<xls, So:d-leather, Writing, Wrapping mid
Printing Paper, Spanish Srgars, Cotton Cauls,
Snot, Powder, Window-glass, Indigo, Coppe
j fas, Allurn, J. >g\voo i, Cut Herrings, 8cc. See.
\V!iich they oll<*r low iur caali, country pro
duce or approved paper.
N iJ. Cash given to.* flour as uauxl.
November 7 wtl
r ■ "'HE SUB iCHIP, k It gi ves Native that with
£ a view t «the educ. t .on of hi* own Children,
In; lias dcV'nnined to remove Ik* lbnii‘v to lie
City of 'tir.hmoutl—lie has rented the Mouse at
j .-e-rot occupied hv tin; Chancellor, mid propos
es taking 10 nr Id young boys or girls into hi.s fa
mily as boarders.
He pledges him.st-lfthat the most rigid attenti
on .drill be paid to the in ir.ua ..nd general vud
irre of such as may bo committed to ids care._
If • sit nation he ii*s chosen i* high ami hedtiiy,
an ! mftkientiy convenient to the Academy. He
.pect* to Sc in rc.nlmcs-* to receive bour.inri by
the 10th ot J in.u y ; in the mean lime any com
tnunn'.atioTis on this subject nuy be addressed to
him it Columbia.
Hi* price for board is ft ISu per anbum ; one
third to be paid in advance, one third in iii.v
months, and ilia !> i. .ik.<; .it Ibc end oi the yc.tr,
eatii bj»r,.er iinduig his bud.
HO. &UARLF.S.
-December 1 y____u d’.v 9%\,
I -VNNIiit—I wmi to bill- the at .\o * *;•
j - * on<nicthec mingy* r F<> tciuis, rj dy
bivvlr. Hugh Dav.*, Kicbmoiid, or to too bi.b
1 sciiber in llunover
KDiVARl) G. sYDbbll,
Decern Ik r 26 v j \
\ i 7 AN : !) <> iiidi'. "i-t .« ensue g »r,
v v a Fern . , ,V /' u K» has t
CU itoeiid lo til - :; Vf, . ' • ;i is il go. li *■. .. f, iS
■ — V rccomuii. ni.itii'u oi cii.>rai;u.i* uulcj
jquin d. Apply at this u.utc.
' Docea,b«,r zu. y(
§
repper, I'uncnio,
Clinker, Imp. Tea,
Kiijpisli r>iu»urd, Sail
in Sucks.
Bill's
F ir trick Aii-. trenr,
l vrtrci G • ■
H'm Htii it.
w3 *1
n*jiT Cheek, 19l.li Dt-C. i;: . \
Messrs. Taliaferro & Pit'erson. Tcf
ntuj,
SIRS—You will take t.o.ice, u t wr -t
tlie Compting Oflico ot‘ Mrss *. liiK , ii. >
tliam, Brown U C<> in this plan, „n In t'.rxt
P'liiisday in January next, proceed to take tli»
deposition of Andrew White to b« rc: .l u3 i
dcnce in a certain matter of controvert) In • iuu
cory, depending in the couu v of Bucr. ngnsou,
wherein we are plaintiifs and you are deli miauls.
(Signed)
TllO. HIGGINBOTHAM & Co.
D«cem!>er 23. 2w
THE Subscriber C'tntenir.'aling a remote
ther iuto the City of Rf lunond, or some . *
ther place for the Education of his younger chi *
dren, wishes to I ase for three years the Powha*
tan seat with such parts of the adjoining lands as
may be agreed on.
Wm. MAYO.
December 28. 2aw3w
*"I "HE subscriber intends to continue hisSchoot
M. at Mr. William 1) Taylor’s in the Forks of
Hanover, where he will leach youth to Read and
Write the English, Latin and Greek Languages,
and will also instruct them in Geography, Histo
ry and Arithmetic. Mr. Taylor will furnish
board for ten pupils at seventy dollars each i hr
the term, to be paid quarterly ; but where the
pupil finds his own bed and Candles, a <k lurti m
of live dollars will be made. The price of tuiti
on alone will be twenty dollars for the term, to
be paid quarterly, which will commence the L- it
of January uextaud end the 10 h <>f 3
H EN R Y RO f) IN'?) N.
December 21 !
'pw6 hundred A EG HOES for sale. — \
K positively be sold at C’uistophor U -. m'i
Tavern, in tlie town of Urbann alu Middle. »
county, the above qu unity of Neg roes b .-Imv
to the estate of Philip L. Grymcs. E*;q of L :•.«?■ *
dun, dec’ll, among which are. House.Servant..,
Cooks, Carpenters, Blacksmiths, Coop , .
• ir.. and also, 4 ox C uts with Chains, and yy
of the must valuable Oxen belonging to
tate
Thirty of the above Negroes will be sold y#r
cash, the ballance with the Oxen, Ste. will b. :.l
on u credit of nine months, tlie purchaser gi.ng
bond with approved security.
The Sale w ill commence «>n the 9th of Jan.: u y
next, (if fair, if not, the n-*xt fair day,) ami w.il
continue from day today till all an; sol l.
The cash saies^ will commence on the lir-r
day.
All legal creditors are requested to purehxus
She amount or auv ;> ut nfthoir ■•e r> ;ctiveclaiins<
ROBERT_ WEST,
Administrator, £rc of
PHILIP L. GU I'MEs, deed.
Woodville, Gloucw )
ten, November 28.) ti s
\X71LLIAM DICKli >N has receiv
* v e*l, and offers for sale 2> Crates Ecu then
IVare, 4 Cases English Glass ware,
consisting or
Decanters, Porter ,Wme and Champ aigne Glasses,
Liverpool Salt, loose and in Sac/ts, Also lo Cas.ii
if' f Rain, 200pair coarse slues, Soal Leather
C-c. C”c Crc
Dee, m her ?« 1 m
V JURSUANT to the will of the late Ralph
Worinley, esq. will be sold o*i Tuesday the
9.li ol January next for cash, m Urbar.ua, about
tiiiccii or twenty SLAVES, belonging u> Hio es
tale et the saiilti .< client, and ct;n-.isl»ng of men,
women, and children.
EEEANOR W O UMELEY,
Administratrix with the will annexed.
JNO. ClIEW, Administrator.
Middlesex, December 19. eptds'J
JOHNSON AND RE AT,
JEWELLERS if SILVERS MITHS ;
AT the crescent sign, opposite tin Kagle-Ta
x*. vem—Have just received an additional sup
ply of Articles in tkeirlinc, (which with their
former stock will render their assortment very
complete) consisting of—
Pearl Ear-Rings, Ear-Rings Si Drops, Breast
Pins, Bracelets and Finger Kings.
Jet Breast-Pins, Bracelets, Ear-Rings &. Neck
laces, tortoise-shell Combs of the mos’ approved
pattern:, gold Watch-CVens, Scats u.d Key* of
the latest patterns, Ear-Rings, Fingur-R'ings,
Breast* Pins, Bracelets, Buttons, Locket* aj'id
Miniature Settings.
Silver Tea Pots, Coffee-Pots, Sugar Dishes,
Si >p Bowls, Cream-Pola, Cau-ts oid Gebletts.
Table,desert, lea and suit Spoons, snip, toddy,
cream a- il mustard Ladles, Salt-Slamls, Tiiiin
bl rs, Coral &. Ho!!-, t ea Tonga ire Pencil Cases,
siln r mounted Dirks, Swmu. and Snuff-Boxes.
Pi.itcci Cistorsof various prices, Candlesticks,
l‘;ud Baskets, I'ea-Pol*, Sugar 1; .es, Cream*
Pot-i, S dt-Stands, '1 able Spoons and Tea-Tongs.
B1 ork t.n u Pots and Tea Cadas, together
witii sundry other articles too tedious to ennine
vte-t.cre, dlot which they offer on moderate
tortus/ Ordets i->r work strictly attended to.
i <• high - it price given for oui silver and gold.
December 7- «.ptf
I-i> 1. quest of Mr. Robert Turner, wc shall
sell at auction on thr* 3tii January en
suing, at 11 ■’< I.jck a. m. on the pi inises, for the
benefit of the concerned : 'ilia. really beautiful
and truly desirable situ a »***», MANSFIELD—
situated about one il from the Capitol and ad
joining the farm of Edmund Randolph, Esq —
There are about si:; acres of Land, a eomfortu
•ilr Dwelling House, with all other out houses,
for the complete accommodation of a gentio 1 fa
mily. Tiie high, airy, and commanding prospect
•f tills Farm renders it equal, if not greatly su
perior to any in the vicinity of the City of Rich
mond, and it is now in * very high stale of im
provement and productive of much profit to the
proprietor. Also, at tin: same time, that largo
and valuable MEADOW immediately below the
said Mfinsfield Farm, containing about 15 acre-.,
very well set with grass, and yields abundant
crops ; there was cut from it the last season fully
15,000 wt. of fine hay. Term* of sale will be
made known on the day of sale.
PROSSER & MON CUP E, Auc'rt.
Mansfield Farm, as well as the Meadow, aid
very handsomely and substantially enclosed.
P. fc M.
December 30. td»
A T the request of Mr. Robert 'J urner, we
a X shall proceed positively to sell on the 6 It of
|uhuary next, at 11 o’olock a. m. on the premises,
Ur ready money, to raise in the first place, about
'/> 1200 to discharge a deed of trust held by Mr.
Daniel Couch on the property, and the rasi hie
for other purposes ; all the HOUSES & LOTS
late llie property of Daniel Couch, situated on
i i lie cross street leading from the Hell-Tavern l<*
Mayo’s bridge, now occupied by Andrew Hi
lbert on, Samuel Hell and oliters —.1he Houses
and I,o(s w ill he sold separate, that is, a tenement:
at a lime.
PROSSER & MONCURE, Auc'n,
Richmond, December 16 tds
' DOLLARS REWARD—For »pp.v.
bunding and securing in any J til wi'.nui
Ujij State, so that I get him ajain, a negro u >n
[ named David—who eloped from me, on the 1f*th
j instant »>n mv way t» Hatches, near the forkt r f
Konnouk—lie is about thirty live rears of age, < »*
m ddlo statue, dark compb sion, mucii r/c- f
j with sms I\. pox and remarkably sensible, with
: very forbidding count.narc —If , apparel is
1 recollected—it is probable lu* will attempt to get
back to Richmond again, or el» 'pa»s for a f>«n
m.n. The above reward and ail b g.»l expend*
; will he paid oil application to Mr. William Men
! .: I or Mr. Davidson Ui-dfulc, living ,u tlw i.V-f
Richmond.
W«. BYRD.
December 30, 4t