The enquirer — Richmond, Va., 1810-02-01 00:00:00, page 4

NATIONAL INSTITUTE. i
Report on the progress of tkt Sciences from the Ji
poch of the I'i encn Revolution (178i>) to the year
18C8, made by a commission of the Institute of
Jbrance, by oiiUroj the Emperor Napoleon. '
Extract.
(Continued)
We then come to tlie history of the discove
ries relative to heat itself ; which constitute a sys
tem so new, that the philosophers of the first hail'
of the eighteenth century had no ideas whatever
of it.
The first perms of it are to be traced back to
upwards of forty years, and we art indebted for
them to the Scotch chemist, Black ; and to the
Swede, Wilke. Tliev first observed, that not
only a body absorbed • great Quantity of heat, in
melting, anJ in evaporating, and reatored it in
reluming to its primitive state ; but also, that
different quantities of heat are necessary, to bring
different bodies to the same degree of tempera
ture ; these primary truths have produced :*
number of others, the influence of which, on the
whole system of the sciences, as well as on do
mestic economy, and particularly on the arts, is
incalculable.
We give a rapid enumeration of those particu
lar discoveries of the different capacities of bo
dies, for becoming conductors of beat, measured
by Franklin and Ingenhouoz, of the particular
manner in which liipiids conduct it, us dicover.
ed by Count Rmnford, in whose hands it became
the source of so many useful processes ; of the
Calorimeter invented by M Ue la Place, to mea
suie the heat produced, or which disappears in
each circumstance ; ar. instrument which has sup.
ported the theory of chemistry, by such beautiful
demonstrations ; of the various dilatabilities of the
bodies, measured by M M. Dalton, and Gay
Lussac, and so necessary tone known, in order
to judge of ti*ei momelers ; in abort, cl" liie the
ory of i (pours Mtcenlly finished by the same pliil
osopiiers ; the importance of which is. so great,
fur the construction of steam engines, machines
tlu most marvellous perhaps of all those with
which the genius of science has enriched socie*
7 . ,
Galvanic electricity presents itself next,ami of
fers to us a new scene, uiul regions of which no
nmn yet dares to calculate the extern The most
powerful perhaps of the agents, which nature
employs in its operations, on the surface of om
globe, therefore remained hidden until the pre
sent time. Tne simple juxtaposition, m.t only of
two metals, but even of any two different bodies
whatever, alters the equilibrium of electricity ;
and this alteration may produce the most violent
commotions in the animal economy i it separates
substances the most intimately united ; at this
moment it appears disposed to reveal the enmpo
sition of the alkalies, which the most profound
chemistry had hitherto always" presented to us,
as simple bodies ; in short, when in its full iorce,
it is thunder itself ; and in us various degrees, it
is perhaps the secret spring of a great number of
phenomena, yet involved in mystery. The name
of Galv-ani,. who discovered the action of this e-i
lcctricity on animal economy', that of Volta, who
has demonstrated its origin and its nature, and
w ho has taught how to eucrease its force indefi
nitely ; those of Ritter, Nicholson, and principal
ly that of Davy, who has discovered and estab
lished its chemical power ; are honorably re
corded in this part of our report; amongst those
of many other estimable natural philosophers,
v.-.i.» have enriched the theory of Galvanism,
by more particular experiments and discoveries.
After this theory of the im)>ond<. t able chemi
cal iger.ts, so new in tha history of the sciences,
we proceed to chemistry, pioperly :>o called, and
particularly to its fundamental doctrine, the ex
planation of what takes place in combustion.
Here, undoubtedly, was cflecieil the most im
portant revolution that the sciences ever expe
rienced ; a revoluti n at once so honorable for
our times, and for our country ; and which was
m.t completed before the commencement of the
period, of which we give an account.
Indubitably, during several years, facts had
been accumulated, capal la of oversetting the
doctrine ot phlogiston, and all the brilliant system
of staid, not withstanding the ellorts made by Sc
nac, Macquer, Rouelle, and iieigman, to support
and illustrate it. The new theory, is doubtless
only h link, which happily connects particular
facts, discovered by diil’ensiit men, and at very
diHerent times. The discovery of latent heat,
by Black ; that of the disengagement of air In n
the calces of mercury, by B*yen ; that of the pro
duction of fixed air, in the combustion of char
coal, by Cavendish ; and of water in that of in
flammable air, by the same philosopher, and by
M. Monge ; are integrant portions of the new
chemistry ; as well as the increase of the weight
of calcined metals, previously announced by i.i
bavms ; and Ibe absorption of air in calcinations,
discovered as early as the time of Boyle.
But it is precisely the good fortune of having
united, into one single body, all these insulated
rays that constitute* the indisputable glory of
Lavoisier. Before his time, the particular phe
nomena of chemistry might be compared to a
aperies of labyrinth, the deep and winding walks
of which had nearly all been travel sed by many
laborious men ; but their points of union, the:.
connexion with e .rh other, and with the whole,
could be perceived only by the man of genius, ca
pable of soaring above the edifice, and seizing
the plan with the eye of an e»gle.
Europe, at that time, witnessed an affecting
spectacle, of w hich the history of the sciences
furnishes very lew examples ; the most eu.inent
French chemists, the contemporaries cf Lavoi
sier, those who were best' entitled to consider
themselves as his rivals, snd particularly M. M.
Fourrroy, Bertliollct, and Guyton, candidly ran
ged themselves under his b .nners, loudly pro
claimed his doctrine in their books, and in their
chans, Ira bored -.vilh him in extending it to all the
phenomena, and inculcating ii. in the minds ofall
men.
It \va« by tins noble conduct# p.s Trench as by
t'lc importance nfthfeir private discoveries, that
• •'ey u. served to participate in the glory of that
I iino,itc- man of genius, ard gave to the new the
ory, the name of French chemistry, under winch
it is now adopted by all Europe.
One of the means which contributed tli3 mo t
powerfully toil* rapid success, is Hie nomencla
ture creali d by thu sot ieiy of French clicmistf.
In substituting for barb, rous, or mysterious
terms, invtniuu in times of ig ior:nce, n .me* ex
pressive of the specie*, and proportion of the ele
ments of eacii substance j they presented to the
mind a xtpnmaiy of the results ol the science, mid
furnished the memory with the means of reeal
J'nK by the names, the nature iudt of the object*,
'i lie new nomenclature is not an instrument lur
dbcovcry, it is only tiie expression of discoveries
Tuadi: ; hut it i* just to acknowledge, in it an
excellent instrument for instruction, and as such,
it inir t, be allowed to have ddiu «< d the science,
Bud to It* vehad grc'at influence on the particular
discoveries, of which we have next to tre.it.
They occupy loo much of our report, to enable
usete.n to enumerate them m thi* abstract ;
almost all tile siibataiices in nature have been
examined ■, almost all the combination* imaginable
l ave been attempted by ch-mist* ; the immiicr
i'i ;he lot tala ha a been increased tn t wonty eight;
ti « otv^niis, l.r nine ; m.w »r,ds have been ois
ctm -erl, or formed s the composition of the dif
ferent sails has been determined j several have
b"' o coil poi.ftdtd, and are of great use t<> tne
art* j it nu a have been discovered of extracting
lion. «ll iht <on.hmalions, the elements necessary
to lit kept *p rt.
i < c f"t» 1 Berlliollet, Fmjrcroy, Vs'iijtie
hn, < » .ptrl, (.ttylon, J.eytnx, i hunurii, unongst
• v luji'vii , li.waw ol •^.«i*roth, i-.irwan, g/*vy,
Tennant, Wollaston. amongst foreigners ; cover
the p~g”s of the catalogue, which we have pre
pared of all these important l toours.
Amongst ihe nnmlier are some, the genus of
which In longs exclusively to the present epoch ;
t.uch arc those, having for their <>hj;ct.s the p*>
| ducts of orgsniz* il bodies, the history of wliich
I presents particular!) the names of l'ourcroy and
! Vaucpiclin, long united both ly science and by
friendship.
At present wc know, thanks to the long re
searches of these learned chemists, and to those
of some of their competitors, that all these pro
duets of life are the different productions of a
sniiil luimh-r «>>' substances ; of carbon, of by.
drogen, wi - more <>r less of azote. These arc
their fundamental mat* rial.- ; a litt c earth, some
atoms of sulphur, and phi splior is, are joined to !
tins principal stock : all these element's seem to
sport in their various reactions ; they unite, se
parate, meet again in a thousand ways, in our
laboratories, as in the functions of litie ; and che
mistry itself is become capable of transforming
the grater part of them at will, some' into Olliers,
by slight modifications, or bv various kinds of
fermentations. It is easy to conceive, what light
these analyses of animal and vegetable substances
have thrown on the arts which employ lhem ;
ami what utility may be derived from these meta
morphoses of com mow materials into rare and
precious ones ; but f rom all these facts arts, s a
result still more important, which leads us to a
general theory of organised beings, hy snewing
us the essence itself of life, in a perpetual change
of proportion between substances themselves ve
ry few in number.
Having thus brought the history of chemistry
as tar as its most complicated and profound doc
trines, we proceed to the second part of ottr re
port ; the subject of wliich is, to represent the
progress and slate of natural history ; a science
of which the public, and even some men of learn*
ing, have yet formed to themselves but very
vague notions ; and which is nothing more than
the application of the general, laws of physics,
ami of chemistry, to the particular phenomena
manifested by the various bodied in nature.
The atmosphere, and its composition, meteors,
waters, and their motions, •with whatever is con
tained in them ; the diflerent materials, their
reciprocal positions, and the'r origin ; the ex
terior and interior forms of vt getals atTd animals,
their properties, the motions which constitute
the functions of their life, their mutual action for
supporting order and harmony, on the surface of
the globe; this is what the naturalist has to
st«t°» & to explain ; such are the objects of which
lie must r. cessarily possess the knowledge —
In no branch of natural history, can the others a
ny longer he totally dispensed with ; and still
less the two general sciences. It would now be
in vain to attempt to class minerals, without ana
lysing them chemically, and mechanically ; or
animals without knowing their interior structure
and the functi >ns of their organs : the physiolo
gist, who should not comprise >nhis meditations
the phenomena of the life of plants, and of that
of all animals, would soon lose himself in illusive
conjectures, in the same manner as lie would
voluntarily shut his eyes against me light, if he
refused to admit the influence of physical laws in
the vital functions.
There is, however, an essential difference be
tween the general sciences and natural history;
which is, that in the former the phenomena only
are attended to, all the circumstances of u liicti
may be determined at pleasure; hut in the o
ther, the phenomena take, place under conditi
ons, which arc not ill the power of the observ
er.
in ordinary cnemistry, tor instance, we com
pose our vessels of unalterable materials ; we [
sh«pe, bend, Si direct, them.Mswe think proper ; ;
we place in them only what is necessary to give ;
us distinct ideas of the result In vital chemistry, j
the materials are Innumerable ; scarcely has the
chemist yet characterised a lew of them ; the
\essels are infinitely complicated, scarcely lias the
anatomist described the pans of their outline ; j
their sides act upon wli.it they contain ; they'
experience its action ; elements incessantly rush j
inwardly from without ; some escape outwaidly
from within ; all the parts are in a perpetual vor
tex ; which is an essential condition of the phe
nomenon, and which we cannot long suspend,
without stopping it for ever.
Notwithstanding these difficulties, mdicrcnt in
natuial history, the ideas which we have now
given in the science, and which have scarcely
been adopted generally, except at the present pe
riod, have entirely changed the face of it, and
have shed the most vivid light on all its brain li
es.
In meteorology, the gaseous composition of
the atmosphere has been ascertained to he the
same at all elevations, ar.d in all countries, by
Berlhollct, Humboldt, Gay-Lussac, and Bed
does ; but the odors which so strongly affect our
senses, the miasmata which so crucify attack
our economy, remain yet beyon.l the reach of
our chemical means, although it is very certain
that these means destroy them ; one proof a
mongst thousands of the multitude of substances,
which act without our knowledge in tlie operati
ons of nature.
'i’lie phenomenon of stones fallen from the at
mosphere, w’lich antiquity and the middle ages
wtre not unacquainted witli, was not, mail the
present period ranked amongst physical truths ;
the conjectures of M. Ciiladni, the aifalyses of
M. M. Howard, Vauquelin, Thenard, Langicr,
the travels and enquiries of M Biot, have equal
ly contributed to assure them this rank.
Mineralogy .s now approaching in correctness,
to the most accurate sciences, thanks to the cry
stallographic determinations of M. Ilaoy, to the
chemical analysis of M. M. Klaproth, and Vau
quelin, to the exterior descriptions and determi
nation cf positions, given by M. Werner, and by
his school.
This knowledge of the respective positions of.
minerals, is become the object of a real science ;
a science which directs in their research, and
now supercedes, with sound minds, those illu
sive conjectures, which but lately bore the pom
pous name of geology. Hal la , buassure, i)es
inarets, Doloraieu, Werner, Ds Luc, Ramond,
and HuniboUt, have given it this new aspect;
their laborious travels, their scrupulous abler
vations, have made us acquainted with the real 1
structure of that part of in- crust of the globe, I
w hich we are ab.c to penetrate, at the same time !
llmt they rr. ke us almost despair of eter divin- |
big its origin.
YIu3 crust, however, teems with the fossil re
mains of organized beings, an mcostesti ble proof
of great revolutions, a.vl objects worthy ol : it:
curiosity of nrturalisli. 1'alias, Camper and
Yannick, have examined and found them for
the most part different, not only from those now
living in ttie same climates, out also from thor; j
which have been collected on the surface of the
globe.
'l lic natural historv of living bodies, infinite
ly morn vast and more complicVed, than that
ot inanimate bodies, has . excited works still
more numerous, and which hafe not had less
success.
Their general theory is, what wc call physi
'-logy } it j i divided into three parts ; one die
"rnical, which determines the substances Compo
8m* them, and compares them uilh those which
they alti not, and those which are attracted, one
anatomical, shewing the passages which these
su met a pm <ue, from the time of their ingress,
unlit their i sue . lastly, one dynamic, which con
siders the forces by which these complicated
motions aicex.cu ed.
The fit si belongs almost entirely to the pre
sent period ; it is by the succrsshe labours of
Pilestly, Ingriihouz, Lavoisier, Fonrcroy, Sen
nebiur, Spaluiizaffi, 'f ht>>dore de 8..insure, t*i «i
wc clcuiy see, amongst the numerous transfur
mat ions, or v. Inch animal and vegetal life is ron.
poo d, die dccoinju/sui in ol the carbonic ncid
and ol v. atcr lca> uig Ibc carbon and hydrogof
bare to predominate, as the essential character i
of vegetalisation, mid «s that of animalisutinn,;
the inverse operation 5 the recomposition of this I
aciil, and this water, to deprive t’*e animal bod) 1
ol its superfluous carbon and hydrogem, and*to
restore to the aznle in it the proportion necessa
ry to the functions of life.
The anatomical part had been cultivated ear
lier, but yet it is in 01.r period that it Ins been
almost brought to perfection, with respect to
man, by the labours of Mascujrni, on the Ivm
phatic vessels, and that it advances toward 1 it
with respect to other animals, by the re’
searches of Vicq-d’Azyr, Camper, Btuincnbach,
Tenon, Home; and lor vegetal*, by those of
Gaertner, Jussieu, Desfontaines, Mirbel, Link,
Decandolle 1 and a great number of other inei
as assiduous as they are ingenious.
The dynamic part, or physiology properly so
called, is by its nature that which would remain j
longest imperfect ; it has h id at least the good |
fortune, with sage minds, to disencumber itself |
of those occult and general principles w hich J
were so vaguely anplied to all difficult canes un- I
der the names of archeus, of vegetative » ml, of
vital power and others similar % the real powers
attached to er.ch organic element, am h as the 1
muscular irritability, the nervous influence, the !
celular contractility, lnve been determined ; !
the share which they take in curb plirnom mna ;
lias been analysed : and although, not being r*- i
tionally explained, each of them may yet he con
* dered an occult, they have, notwithstanding, j
been adopted as so many principles by which to j
elucidate the phenomena to which they contri
bute, in the same manner as astronomers cmpl y
'general attraction and chemists molecular attrac
tion.
It would be very difficult to name all the phy
siologists whose meditations have led ms by de- I
grres to this regularity in ttic order of the p-iti |
ciples. HulLr had in some measure traceu the
route for tlmin ; but Hunter, ltcil, Prochaska, '
Summering, Eielumer, Chaussier, Uichat, ami |
other Frenchmen Ife foreigners, have each made
in it more or less numerous improvements, which
we have endeavored to point out in our report.
The particular natural history of living beings,
is, therefore, no longer any thing more than the
use of these general theories, to explain the phe
nomena peculiar to each being, an 1 depending
on the structure, the number, and the disposilt- I
on, of the organs animated and put in mo- !
t»on by the forces which wc have just announc- ]
cd.
It supposes in the first place, that the beings I
treated of in it, are perfectly denominated /lialin- '
guished from cacli other, and inserted in this :
great catalogue, the basis of the wliol i science,
to which has been given t ho name of Sjtttvia
r.iuiu\s. L nnsm, hal laid the foundrtinns of it
but hip successors have prodigiously extended
it; and never perhaps has it received accessions
to be compared with those of the last twenty
years. J
\lre relate the names of the voyagers, an l tra- j
tellers, who have procured for us ne w species,
of the collecti ns in which they are brought to
gether, ot the naturalists who have described
them.
HERSCIIEL’S TELESCOPE.
From the letters of a modern traveller.
Re-crossing the Thames, and returning to the
London road, you observe to the left, the tele
scope ofHerschel, with its large and magnificent
apparatus. It stands in the open air, appears to
he considerably elevated, and- is encircled with a
complicated scaffolding, hv which its steadiness
is secured. The concave lace of its great spreu
lurn is forty eight incites of polished surface in
diameter, and weighs near t\J0 thousand one hun
dred and eighteen pounds f With proper eye-glass
es it magnifies above six thousand times, and is
the largest instrument, and has the greatest mag.
nify ;ng power of any that has been made By its
aid Dr. HerijcUel Ims been able to observe the
lightning in the atmosphere of the n.oon, and has
found out several celestial bodies, unknown to
preceding astronomers. The whole \v.*.s finished
on August the 28lh, 178'.), on which day t .e six'.h
satellite of Saturn was discovered. The observer
suspend; d at the end of the instrument, with
bis back towards the object he views, looks
down the tube, and secs the image reflected
from the mirror: whilst a man below turns gent
ly round the instrument to accord with the appa
rent rotatory motion of the heavens, thus preserv
ing the image of the object on the mirror with
astonishing ability.
AN ACT
TO SUPPRESS DUELLING.
[Passed by the legislature of Virginia, Janu
ary 26th, 1810.]
WHEREAS experience has evinced, that
the existing remedy for the suppression of
the barbarous custom of duelling is inade
quate to the purpose, and the progress and
consequences of the evil have become so
destructive as to require an effort on the part
of the Legislature to arrest a vice the result
of ignorance and barbarism, justified neither
by the precepts of morality nor by the die
tates of reason—for remedy whereof,
DK it enacted by the General Assembly,
That any person who shall hereafter wilful
ly and maliciously, or by previous agree
ment fight a duel or single combat with any
engine, instrument or weapon, the probable
consequence of which might be the death of
cither party, and in so doing shall kill his
antagonist, or any other person or persons,
or inflict such wauud .is that the person in
jured shall die thereof within three months
therealter, such offender, his aiders, abettors
and councilors being thereof duly convicted,
shall be guilty of murder and suffer death
by being hanged by the neck ; any law, cus
tom or usage of this Commonwealth to the
contrary notwithstanding.
And be it further enacted. That if any
person whatsoever, shall challenge another
to fight a duel with any weapon or in any
manner whatsoever, the probable issue of
which may or might result in the death of the
challenger or challenged, or if any person
shall accept a challenge or light a duel with
any weapon, or in any way whatsoever, the
probable issue of which may or might ter
minate in the death of the challenger or chal
lenged, such person shall he incapable of
holding or being elected to any post of profit,
trust or emolument, civil or military under
the government of this commonwealth.
And he it farther enacted. That from and
after the. passing of this act, every person
who shall he appointed to any office or
place, civil or military, under the common
wealth, shall, in addition to the oath n- v
prescribed by law, take the following oath :
I do solemnly swear, or affirm, (as the case
may be,) that I have not been engaged in
a duel, by sending or accepting a challenge
to fignt a duel, or by fighting a duel, or in
any other manner, in violation of the act,
entitled an act to suppress duelling, (since
the passage of that act,) nor will I be so con
cerned directly or indirectly in such duel,
during my continuance in office, so lieln me
God.
And be it further enacted, That it shall
b« the duty of the Judges of the ci’cnit
courts and the county courts, at their quar
terly sessions, to g ve in charge expressly
o the jury, all the laws in force to suppress
duelling—.w*o to charge the jury, t# present
all persons contented in carrying, sending
or accepting a challenge; anil if any person
shal1 be presented in such courts, the said
ci)u,-is shall, if they have jurisdiction of
said offences, proceed to trial of the same in
the ordinary way, nml if not, that the pre
sentment shdll b* either certified by order of
the court, to such court as 1ms jurisdiction,
or shad b? considered in law a sufficient au
thority for a magistrate t > issue his warrant
against the accused, where an examining
court is necessary.
And be it further enacted. That when
any judge or i.iuu s' rate of this common
wealth , has good cause to suspect any per
s >n or persons are about to be engaged in a
d,.cl, he may issue hi* warrant to bring the
parties before him ; and if lie shall think
proper to take ot them a recognisance to
keep the peace, lie shall insert in the condi
tion, that the party nr parties shall not du
ring the time for which they were bound, di
rectly or indirectly be concerned in a duel,
cither w'uli the person suspected or nr.v o
thcr person, within the time limited by the
rv.cognz.mce.
And be it further rnactrd, - That if an.
person or persons shall, fur the purpose of
eluding the uperj'u n of the provisions ot
this law, leave the state, the person cr per
sons so offending, shall he deemed as guilty,
and be subject to the like penalties as if the
offence liad been committed within tins com
monwealth. If any person shall leave this
state with the intention of giving or receiv
sng a challenge tot got a duel, or of aiding
or abetting, in pi'ing or receiving such chal
ietige, and a duel shall actually be fought,
whereby the death of any person shall hap
pen, and the person so leaving the slate,
shall remain thereout, so as to prevent his
apprehension lor the purpose of a trial; or if
any person shall fight a duel, in this state,
or aid or abet therein, whereby any person
shall he killed, and then flee into another
state to avoid his trial, in either case it shall
be the duty of the Executive, and they are
hereby directed to adopt and pursue all le
gal steps, to cam v any such offender tube
apprehended and brought to trial, in the
county where the offence was committed,
iv: eu the duel shall have been fought within
the state—and when it shall have been
fought wi.hout the state, then in that county
where, in the opinion of the Executive, the
evidence against the offender can be best ob
tained and produced upon his trial.
ijc u jurtner enacted, t hat it shall be
the du y of the Attornies of the Common
wealth tor the County Courts to rive infor
mation to the Executive, whenever a case
shall arise in their counties respectively,
which will render the interposition of the*
Executive authority under this act, necessa
ry. Anti the said Attornies, either at the
first quarterly court of their respective conn
ties after the commencement of this act, or
at the time of their acceptance of their offi
ces, v.here they shall hereafter he appoint
ed, shall take the following oaths_1 do
solemnly swear, or affirm, (as the case may
he) that I will, to the best of my judgment,
execute the duly imposed on me by the act
for suppressing duelling—So help me God.
And be it further enacted. That all words,
which from their usual construction ar.d
common acceptation, are considered as
insults, ancl lead to violence and breach
of the peace, shall hereafter be actionable,
and ho plea, exception or demurrer shall be
sustained in any Court within this Common
wealth, to preclude a jury from passing
thereon, who ore hereby declared t<> be the
sole Judges of the damage? ®vsla ned. Pro
vided, That nothing herein contained shall
be construed to deprive the several Courts
of this Commonwealth from granting new
trials as '■eretofore.
This Act shall be in force from the first
day of April next.
. EDWAHD IIALLAM.
HA S ieceived by the Iasi arrivals from Eu
rope, and for sale next door above the Ea;le
Tr.\ern—a fresh and general supply of Garden
Seeds, ^hs
V;Ai>jjAUE5.
Early York,
Early Sugar Loaf,
Early heart-shaped,
Drum Head,
Green and Yellow
Savoy.
PEAS.
Early Frame,
Early Hot Spur,
Canadian,
Marrowfatt,
Glory of Engl md,
and Blue Prussian.
SNAPS.
Early six weeks,
Early China Dwarf,
Early Speckled,
Early Dun.
LETTUCE.
Imperial,
Brown Dutch,
Grand Admiral,
Mouse Ear,
and ice.
RADISH.
Salmon Purple,
White and Blick.
GUCUMBEH.
Early Frame,
Long Green,
and Prickley.
Large White Indirc.
1- ovemher 24.
I £ '{ virtue ot » ueun or tru»t i x'-cou il by jonn
U Dennis to the subscriber, bearing date the
2 )f!i day ot July, lttu7, of record in the County
Court of Richmond, tor the purpose of securing
the debts due to F-.ekicI Levy, therein mention
ed • Will be sold at the plantation at present oc
cupied by tire said John Dennis, oil Farnham
Cri-.-k, in the county of Richmond, on the Kill day
of February next, ii fair, otherwise the next fan
day, to the highest bidder, under the provisions
of the act of Assembly passed last session, en
titled “ An act concerning Executions and for
other purposes,” the following PROPERTY
conveyed by the said deed, to wit : Schooner
Henry of Tappaliannnck, with all her apparel &
sundry Negroes, whose names are, Sarah, Sam,
George, Hannah and Joe, three Horses, ten head
of Caltle and five Feather Reds and Furniture,
or so much of the said property as will ratsv the
sum required.
R. McCARTY, Truttee.
Richmond County, Jan. IE w3w
T ANDFOR SALE Me Tract of
, J LANI) laying in Amherst county, common
ly known by the name of Gordon’s (.Quarter, situ
ated near the Tobacco row mountain, containing
•dwell hundred «c.-i s, is now offered for sal? on
liberal terms. lie quality ot this land is said to
be cqu.tl to any tract in that county.
The terms will be known by making applica
tion to cither of tJio subscribers in Petersburg,
or ta Mr. Samuel Irvin of Lyncliburgh, who wiii
shew the premises vr give such description oi
li--m as will satisfy any person desirous of pur
chasing.
7OHS WILDER,
.7JUN HELL.
Petersburg, January 4. wJm
Solid Cclicry,
Hound Spillage,
Pepper Grass,
Early Spring,
and Winter Cress.
Double Pot Mary
gold,
Pot Marjoram,
Lllotid Beet,
<> range Carrot,
.‘•'pnng and Winter
Turnips,
and White Mustard
Seed.
BEANS.
Large white Kid
ney,
Cranberry,
Speckled and
Arbour.
COHN.
Early Frame,
Do. Canadian,
Do. Sweet,
Do. Silesia.
Kittle Dwarf Clo
ver,
Kargc Red, do. and
Timothy Seed.
Also Fifteen Ticrccs
Rice,
Ten Boxes Sperma
ceti Candles.
wtf
vrfcw pxroun a'-’pcmy.—■n»c sus
*- SI scribrr wishfs to c'mpl v, and will |V>" t
liberal price, to a man e.iprje of teaching .tt.ee
Latin, Greek, French t<. K"i;ibli Languages. 11.
'ether with Geography, t'-.r aptl who shall c<"> •
I .veil recommended as a proper person to t-.?e
: '"liargc of the New Oxford Academy, lately cr
iveted near the Half way Mouse bet %vcan Kich*
mond ami Petersburg, on the main stage road—■ ■
where he contemplates to receive thirty b.ijs on
ly, who may he boarded at S, .3d per annum (ex
clusive ot bedding and washing, which must He
I lu-nished, or wiUocca on an additional charge)
I and may be instructed in all or any of the above ,
languages, ut .to per annum, payable quarterly,
but not ih advance—The situation of this Acade
my is high and healthy, and combines as many
advantages as any oth-r in this state.—The sub
scriber pledges himself thut great and uncommon
uMuntion shall he paid to the morals and instruc
tion of those who may he sent to this Academy,
and Hatters him-elf w'.th a liope, that it will be a
usclul and tl >urishing establishment.—As soon as
a Teacher can In; procured, qualified in all res
pf r.ts to manage tl\<* Seminary, the public shall
i~ ' *' i vc due notice of the day on which tins school
will ooirmieiice.
RICH’D. GREGORY.
J mu-ylP. vS'.vVf
p. ! 1) i iCii.— by viriutd admi nflm*l exccut
J N «. «I to me by Francis Vaughan,for the purpose
of securing the paymentof debts therein men
tioned, due to Willi am White : Will be exposed
to *.dc to the highest bidder, in Jamestown, on
t!r' 15th day of February next, the Tract of
LAND whereon tie- said Vaugh. n resides, lying
in Cumberland county, near J mestown, and
'containing upw nds of'two hundred acres, and
a'joining the lands of Jos. D Lee, Jos. R. Roy
all, Wm. Corley and the ‘■ubsrrib *r.
T. CHARNER WOODSON.
Cumberland Conroy. J an 11 w.jvt«„
| ♦ AT TERSE A I >7. PER All L'. a.-Those. who
- - wish to enco’irag;; the manufactures of their
own slate arc inform • 1. that they can he suppli
v d with Paper Manufactured in Petersburg, in
any quantifies.
BRICES AS FOLLOWS:
Fine Letter Paper Vellum, 4 75 "J
l >o tin. Laid/ 4 50 'TJ
Fools Cap No. 1. 4 37j 3
Do. No 2. S 371 5
l)o. No. 3. 3 T2j v =4
Folio Post Vellum, 9 50 [ '
l)o. * Laid, 9 bj
Fine Printing.Medium, 5 50 3
Do. 4 50 i*
Excellent Wrapping Paper, 1 L22 J
(C7" A liberal discount made to wholesale pur
chasers.
Orders for any of I he above qualities, address
ed to the subscribers, executed at the shortest
notice. N
CANISTER & Co.
August 4. Vtf
FIFTY J) O J.FylJIE J{ A // \4JiU.
F) AN-AW A Y, from the Subscriber, in the city
^ of Richmond, on the 2'Jth of October last, a
Negro Alan named BILLY, supposed to be about
f or feet nine or ten inches high. toyi, well made,
a little how-leged, has a full face "; about t wenty
years of age ; was purchased of Cyrus Cut us of
Northumberland County wax raised in Lancaster
Comity, b1-the Curritoman plantation hv Mr. Car
ter : he is cal.ed by the nr.goes of that place, wait'
ingman B lly : he is 1 celt acquaint! d at Shirley, wt
James River, where it is Hotly hi ts lurking at this
time.
I will give the above reward if secured in jail
in the City of Richmond, c" sixty > oilers if setHi
red in any jail in the s- it: of Vi-gtnia, ami inf a -
j mat ion given to Joseph Cart , of Richmond, or
I John Winn, of Charlottesville
T110 S. WINN, Jr.
| October 27. w'gan
A VALUABLE WAlh.lt LO T.—The sub
scriber oilers for hi ., that valuable water
j jot on James River, containing 100 fret in front,
it being the same lot on which C pt liall, built
the new brig at Rocket's, and adjoins the Co 1
A aid; 'stely occupied by Messrs. Nioiio'son and
[Ileth ; the terms of a .le will be m u le known by
'application to the subscriber, living nearRich
i mond, • r Richardson Taylor living in the ciiv,
who will shew the property to any one disposed
to purchase.
JOHN S. STUBES, Senr.
| January 4 _v.-5 w
j L’hUj AL.1.C.Y, irom new-York, most res
, 3SJ pectfully informs the Ladies of Richmond
| and its vicinity, that he is just establishing a La.
; dies Suns Manufactory a few doors below
1 *he Bey Tavern and next door to S. Pleasant*’*
j Look Store—Hi lias on I'.md an elegant assort
ment of Kid and Morocco SAINS, green, red,
black, white, lea aiul Luit. Alt oi thenost fashi
onable colours.
Is. B. 9 hose la;li"9 who would wish to have
their shoes mnde in the most fashionable mode,
v-ill please to cull as above. All orders will be
thankfully received and immediately attended u>.
Ten or twelve women shoe binders will tnecC
with employment by applying at the above place.
January 1.3. 3W
JOHNS() N A N I ) Kl:. \ I'. ““
J E TV ELLERS ts* SI L V E R SMITHS :
\T the crescent sign, opposite the Eagle-Ta
vern—Have just received an additional sup
ply ofARTici.es in their line, (which with their
former stock, will render tlieir assortment very
complete) consisting of—
Pearl Ear-Rings, Ear-Rings & Drops, Breast
Pins, Bracelets and Fingvr Rings.
Jet Breast-Pins, Bracelets, Ear-Rings & Neck
laces, tortoise-shell Combs ot the most approved
patterns, gold Watch-Chains, Seals and Keys of
the latest patterns, Ear-Kings, Fingvr-ltings,
Breast-Pins, Bracelets, Buttons, Lockets and
Miniature Settings.
Silver Tea Pots, CofTee Pots, Sugar Dishes,
Slop Bo wl , Cream-Pots, Canns and Goldelts.
I able,desert, ten and salt Spoons, s rup, toddy#
cream and mustard Ladles, Salt-Stands, Thim
bl Coral ;* Bella, Tea Tongs Jk Pencil Cases#
silver mounted Dirks, Swords and Snuff Boxes.
V' iteii C astors of various prices, C.u dl .ticks,
«■ niit Baskets, lea-Pots, Sugar Dishes, Creatn
Pots, S It.Stands, Table Sp -ms and Tea- l'vngs.
Block lm lea Pots and Tea Cadas, together
with sundry other articles too tedious to enume
rate here, ail of which they ofler on moderate
terms. Ord. rs for work strict'y attended to._
The highest price given for old silver und gold.
December 7• 0flty
j* liE i tolic are cautioned against receiving
1 an assignment of two Notes given by Ki
chard Randolph, Thomas Gillian and Micli’l. W.
Ilancnck to Eicolson, Halt & Co. both dated the
-1st December last, for an amount betwixt ci
and 700C % < rch, one p lyahl** 180, the other 5 , J
df>9 i*rier date—The tubscriber, on behalf of
Inmveif and i lu>m is Gilliatt, claims oilsetts to
these notes, and hereby gives notice, that pay
ment ot them will not he made until the oflacus
claimed are deducted.
M. W. HANCOCK.
Richmond, 29th January, 1819.
N B. Orders for IMp Run Coal left at the
subscriber’s counting house, will b immediately
| attended to ; great cure will be t 1 jii to supply
! customers regularly with good coJ.
M. W. H.
January .39 w4vv
r L *K.N DOLLARS HEW Alt)) ^Stolen from
i my stable on the night of U> • LMi instant,
a SOltREL HORSE. He had oil Ins forelie ..l
i a stai and a snip ) a bob tail \ bin i fi hind I ••
white to the f Hillock. 9 1 e s <-}.c of one ot i i
eyes is also im.Mired. It n, iy’ i. ,t I, ; amiss .
s >te, that it is Hi»am<f li» -< i ||- .e Lee; 4
the habit ot riding soiiieye n , m s.«s «• ,ty
, , JAME.s LKKKNilOW
Richmond, January tl