The enquirer — Richmond, Va., 1810-12-15 00:00:00, page 1

v
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_Richmond, December 13. 3t
TO Gentlemen possessed of Dr. Russell’s
H.story of Modern Europe.
A PROPOS VL, In Wilhani Young Birch and
Abraham Small, No. 37. South Second Street,
l*hd\ lelphia, for publishing by subscription, the '
como.nation, or vddjtjoo 3 volume, to the
HIS LORY OF MODERN EUROPE,
.P . tl 4 tiform with ib. a voiumy . h y have
nit t * H puoiishcd ; and whico will continue th:.
valuable work down to th* Treaty of Amiens, .
the y ar 1802 By CHaRLES COO IE, L L.
D —This volumt contains the History of Great
Britain, from 1763—ttiis | ?riod c apprises the
v bole of the Americ.Mii War—the war w th
1? f.ce, Spain and Holland, terminal* d by th
pence of 1733 -the rise, progress anil suspension
«f hostilities, connected wi ll the Fren. li Rev >
lut'on, .ill th« Treaty <>j Amiens, iii 1802 t h •
H ‘lory ot France, Spain and the South of &u
r dor ng the same period-Holland, Ger
tn y ,Tui key, Poland, and the North of Eu ope
•—-A purvey of the Progress of So. i. ty in Emo,ie,
ft*oil ^1763, n 18j2.— i’l this pl<.n is tempi ised
a notice of all the Events thtt have hid a mate*
Xjal etlect on the afl.t:rs ot the woild tor thirty
tun. years ,
Ct>>■D11 IONS — it ih ill be printed in strict
tinitormity with the Five Volumes published by
B. anil S. some t.me since :—It shall be del ter*
«d to tiia subscribers in Boa, ds price § 2 75
payable on delivery—The V lume will contain
Up a ird* qf six hundred pages
Gentlemen possessed ot the English copy of
Modern Europe, will tind this additional Volume
per r-.clly unite, m v, ;n thtir books ; it is the
Sixth volume ot the new London Edition, which
can only bt purchased in complete s*:t>—so that
su crioing lor this, is tne only hi -ans by which
tiv y -an complete vheir History—to those who
E».» wish lo have ;i compendious narrative ol
pei hops die most eventful period of the World’s
if'* iy mis Volume will, unconnected, be a
■valuable acqinsaiou.
Su >scr.:.ers will be received *n Philadelphia,
by o Publishers; and in Richmond by Win.
J*r. .hard and S. Pleasants jr.
Dec. 13 3t
Sales at Auction.
3E SOLI), on Thursday, Ihe 20m
▼ ▼ cist, at the late dwelling house of Major
Jo.-, u Scott, dec'd. all his Household E Kiich
♦ n FURNI'ITJRE, consisting of excellent beds
at <1 matlrasses, tables, chairs, sofas, one side
fa rd, one chest of draws, one liquor case, one
desk and book case, a complete set of knives &
fora*, 1 silver tea pot, table* a id teaspoons,
ALSO—A very valuable collection of books &
ZB «p:., am ng which are -
Shakes pea I’s Plays complete
Gibbon’s Roman Empire do.
Hum-.-s History of Eng and do.
"With many others, and sundry articles too tedi
ous to enumerate. '1 he sale to Commence at 9
e»Yi >ei; : For all sums unde; 50 dots c.ish, and
fo< all over, 120 days ere ;it, for approved enuor
ffed negotiable notes
BARTLETT STILL,
Auctioneer
December 13 tds
f>(lVE DOLLARS REWARD—Rambled
< ll, or was stolen from the house of Mis.
Judith Nelson, in this city on ih forenoon of
'A • d.y last, a POINTER DOG, .of the fd
lowing description, viz : while, < xo-.ptverv small
•c.viering brown spots about It s body, and hi*
ht .d and ears liver coloured or brown. Instead
o. carrying his tail (winch is about nine o tin
tm e-. long) entirely si raight. it incline* a little :o
tin; ight, having been recently bur*. This d< g
i< ntiier below tlie ordinary siz ; of dogs. W o
Ov r will deliver him to mo at Mrs. Nelson’s, or
give such into! maiion as will enable me to reco
ver Inin, shall receive the ;»hov * reward t’-ojn
EDMUND PENDLETON, jr
December 13. 31
LOOKING PLANK. WANTED-Ihe
subscriber wishes to contract for a large
*]• t ty of flooring plank, d- liven-1 near this «:i
t) • None r,e< d apply but those who can fui nish
the very best quality.
ALEX'R FULTON
Decembei 13 o'
Domestic vv akeii^u.ae, •.
sccber, in addition to ins usual supply of
H )ME MANUFACTURES,
Has lately received a small .assortment of woo
lens, from the manufactory of Col Humph
rey.a ; consisting of broad cloths, c ts-umeres,
coalings, Sic. for sale by the piece at invoice pri.
ces,or at retail
On hand, a constant supply of Bed ti'.ken. cot
ton cloths, striped and plain, spun cotton, Hats
of all sorts.
D. J BURR.
Dec. (* tf.
N B Richmond warranted gun powder fa
kegs sod canisters.
S' LB at h'Oi.Fr MILLS—l Jn liidiy. tin
28th of this month (December)—Will be
toll on tin-premises, all the PERSONAL ES
T . i F. of M i g. Sarah Syme, dec’d. consisting of
a huge si >ck of Horses, Hor .ed Cattle, Sheep
and lligsj « Cliarriot witii Ifirness complete
for i wo horses, a pair of voting well broke Hor
ses , several Waggons, Carts and digs, some ot
which are entirely new ; a large quantity of
hous-hoM and kite en Furniture oi >upcrior qua
lity s setts of Coopers', Carpenter** and Black
smith* tools, iU ab^ut 200bairels Corn, Fodder,
&r
At the ssme time will be hired, for the ensu
ing year, about forty valuable Krgioea, among
whom arc a good blacksmith, several carpenters,
P, coopers and some young crop h inds. Toe es
fate with all its valuable imprtn «nenta, leased
ur rented ; there were about 140 buutiels of wheat
sowed this fall, in g> od order, ami gotten in in
good tone. Bor. ’* and approved security will be
required of puuhasers for all 6tims over 10 dols
for ail sums uivler, cash —— AlHiersoos having
f laim* sgvinst the «*t.ite aie desired to rusk
fit t r.own on or before the day of sale ; thos
indebted therein, will be pleased to Adjust their
a- counts speedily, with
THU. ADMiriSTt A TORS.
» member 1,1, 7t
NOTICE.—Those persons indebted to tha es
tate ol George Anderson Miles, dec’d are
requested to rail and pay the subscriber; & those
who have claims are requested to present then
accounts duly authenticated, to
ABli'M DOUGLASS, Adtn'r.
December 11 5t
'TMVENTY DOLLARS REWARD_
A Strayed or stolen from my servant in the
city of Richmond on the 10th ult. a dark bav
horse, inclining to the sorrel, 16 bands liigii snd
6 yearn old—he was purchased of a Mr. Jim*-s
Hubh&rd, and raised in the county of Augusta
where lie will probably go, if not stolen—g 10
will lie paid on Ms delivery to Mr. D. Brudtulc
of the city of Richmond, ifltken up w.thin Uni
ty miles, and twenty dollars if upwards.
„ • „ . MARY BYRD.
Westover Dec. 13. 0t
FIFTY DOLLARS REWARD—Ranaw.y
Irom the Subscriber, on Monday night 10 it
inst .Hmulatto boy, named JOHN, "alum; 16 or
17 years of age, of a pale while complexion, r.»
thei slim made, has a coa-»e voice. He is about
five feet 4 inches high—I bought himoi Mr. Wm
LDndridgy, of this county in 1S04, am. he may
i .ve gone towards his residence ; or perhaps
‘o ther down the river It is supposed tb .t he
11 r,*;d away with him two suits of clothes, on
ol brown cloth, the other of a gr,-y mix,d colour
Whoevei brings him to me, shall receive be a
hove reward, and reasonable expences if taken «;
a distance.
JOSEPH GALLEGO
RHimond Dec 13 tf
IKJCU .IGN I S
ACCOMPANYING THE PRESIDENT’S
MESSAGE—(CONTINUED.)
From Mr. Smith to Mr Finkney.
Department of Sta ve
October 19 1810.
SIR.
Your despatch of the 24* h of August, on
closing a tit'vspaper statement ol a letter
liom the duke de Cad re tu Ge >etal Arm
strong, notifying a revoc tion of me H rln
and Milan decrees, h.-s b en received._
I. ought not to be dou -ed tl)A> th step of
the French governmenr a ill be fol owed bv |
a repeal on the pan ot the British g »\Crn_ 1
ment of its orders in counci'. And .f a ter j
tninaiion of thecusis between G. B. and the. |
U. S. be really intended, the repeal ug h
o include the system of paper Ijiorko
which difTei in name only from tne retali- I
atory syste* comprised’ in the orders u
council. Fiona the complexion of the Bi t.
tish prints, not to mention other considera
Rons, the paper block odes may however n.
be abandoned. 1 here is lienee a pr speci
that the U S. ma. be brought to issue with
G. B . on the legality of such blockades.—
In such case.,as ii cannot be expected that
the U. S., touodt d as they are in law and
in tight, can acquiesce in the validity of the
British piacticc, it lies wnh the British go
vernment to remove the difficulty. In ad
dition to the considerations heretofore sta
ted to you in former letters, you may bring
to the view of the British government the
retrospective operation of those diplomatic
notifications of blockades, which consider a
notice to the minister as a notice to his go.
vennnent, and to the merchants, who aregt
a distance of three thousand miles. It will
recur to your recollection, that the present
ministry, in the debates of parliament, in
opposition to the authors of the orders of Ja
nuary, 1807, denied that the- were war.
ranted by the l.iws of nations. The analu_
gy between these orders and the blockade
of May, 1806 insofar as both relate to a
tr.-de be'ween enemy ports, furnishes an
appeal to the consistency of th .se now tn
office, and an answer to a*tempts by them
to vindicaic tne legality of that block dt.
It is remarkable also, hat this blockade is
founded on *• the new and exiraord ar
means resorted toby fho enemy .for tn> pu:
post of disi iessiug the commerce of Br. nh
subjects tu Wh it ire those mean f
In what respect do they violate o> r mu ral
rights i Are tuey till m operation i -■ —
It is believed that true answ. rs to these
questions will enforce the obligation ,»f yiel
ding to our demands on this subject. Y u
may also refer rhe British government to
the charac eris ic definition of a blockaded
port, set foi h in ibeir treaty with Rus.
ms,* of June, 1801, the preamble of which
declare^ that o..c of its objects was to set
tle “ an invariable determination of their
principles upon the right? of neutrali’y
Should the British government unexpret
edly resort to the preu xt of an acquiescence
on the part of the U. S . in their practice,
it may be remark d, tliai prior to, ns well as
during -.he present admimstr it'*- n. this gov .
e nine"i has invariably pri testi d against such
pretensions; and in addition to mher in.
stances heretofore communicated to van I
herewith transmit to you an retract of ' a
let erf to the department of State, of Julv
15 1799 from Mr. King our Minister at
London, and elan such part of Mr. Mar
shall’s letlo him of the 29th Septem
her 1800. as relates to the subject of block
ades. And it may, moreover be urged that
the principle now contended for by the
U S , was maintained against others as well
as G. B-, as appears from the accompany
ing copy of the lette» ^ to our Minister at
Madrid, in the year 1801. To this princi
pie the U S also adhered, when a bellige
rent, as in the case of the blockade of Th
poli, as 'v»II be seen by the annexed letter,* •
from the Navy Department. You will
press on the justice, friendship and policy
of G. B , such a course of proceeding as will
obviate the dilemma resulting to the U. S.
from a refusal to put an end to the paper
* The following is the article of the Rus
sian treaty alluded to :—lit], N,u. Int.
“ 1 hat in order to determine what
chartistcrisis a blockaded port, that deno
mination is given only to thut where there
is, by the disposition of the ftotver which
attacks it with shifts stationary, or stiff ci.
entity near, an evident danger in enter
ing.”
| See extract subjoined of the tetter re
ferred to,from Air, Kng and an eciract
Ifrom the correspondence aUuded to by him.
t Subjoined.
$ Subjoined.
** Subjoined,
blockades as well as the orders in couu
cil.
I'he necessity of revoking the blockade
or Copenhagen, us notified to you in Way.
1808, will not escape your at ten ion. Its
coirinuance may embarrass us with Den.
mark if not with France
Your answer as to the Corfu blockade is
approved ; and should the nns^c to.it reu,.
der a reply necessary, the President directs
you to remonstrate agains- s«ich a block de
availing v,.«tt.cx.ir s . — u. _ .
O J tt»i ua i 'C» nirt’ liC (l|l
plicable, of the ideas m the letter to Mr.
Charles Pinkney, ot Oct-.b r. 1801. and par
licularly of the proof n. t.ffirds of our early
remonstrance against the principle of such
blockades.'
No communication having vet been made
by General Armstrong, of a letter to him
from the duke of Cadore, declaring that the
Berlin and Milan decrees will cease to be
in force trom die fitslday of November next.
I can at this time only inform you. that if
the proceedings ot the French government,
when officially received, should correspond
with the printed letter of the Duke of Ca.
dore, enclosed in your despatch, you will
let the British government understand that
0 i the first day of November, the Presiden.
will is*ue his proclamation conformably to
the act of Congress, and ttiat the non. inter
course law will consequently be revived a
gainst G. B.
And if the British government should not,
with the early* notice received of the re_
peal ot the French decrees have revoked
all its ord-v-s which viola e our neutral i
rights, ic should not be overlooked tha- Con
gress at their approaching session mas be {
induced not towaii for the expiration of the I
thiee mon Mis (wnich were allowed on the
supposition rhat the first notice might pass
thiougli ihe U. S.) before they give effect ;
to he renewal it Mir ion intercourse. —
1 his consideration ought to nave its weight
in di'-,uMlmg the Bn isis government from
the policy, tn every respect misjudged, of
Pro-rastma ing he repeal of its illegal e
diets. °
It he B -itish gove mu-n be sincerely j
d <ed o con e to a tr >d uvlrrundnig !
and .) cnltiva e a fr'enoly nt c urse w th i
the U. S. it cannot hut tie se . hi - of the'
er ss ty, in arid.tinu to a t o • p. auce with
th act of Cong, e.-s of ioc'Uk.tng iu this
* "e» H ge>'er*l arrangement of *he topics
‘••■tween ri-r ’wo countries ; and above all.
sue i an one, as win upon eqji ib'e terms,
effec ually pur a stop to the i sufferable
vexacions to which our seamen n-ave been
and yet are exposed fron» tfie Bii isli prac. !
t ee t ' oprc.ssintnt; t p. ic ice which has !
so Strong a bearing * -ft nor neutralir., .<:id
to which no na-ion cm ir»mit c--n .ist> • tly
with <ts ind» pendency. 1 bis very tint"
erring >ubjtc you wii1 therelor*- r*catl the
attention of the British governm n and
you will accordingly consider y.>u. -eb hen—
by authorised to discuss and adjov the same
separately, conturm ibly to the ins'ructions
inmy let ertoyou ofthe 20di January last,
on the condition, however, conraiited in hat
letter, namely, that the requisite atone
ment shall have been previously made in '
the case of the outrage .n the Chesapeake. ,
But as in this case e re. y admissible advtnce
has bee a exhausted on the part of the If. i
States, it will be improper to rtf new the [
subject to the British government, wuh |
which it must lie to come forward with tne
r< quisite -a isfac ion to tne U* States. Y u
will therefore merely evince a disposition
to meet in a conciliatory form anv over
tures that may be made on the part of the
Briiish governmeir
Tne British government having so long
omitted to fulfil the just . xp elation-, of the
United States, m relation • > a successor ..<»
Mi. Jackson, notwithstanding he reitera
ted assurances to y u of suc.i an inieiiti’Ui
has no claims >o further in 'uigcnce ().
the receipt of this letter there ore, ah ukl
the appointment of a plenipotentiary sue
ci-ss- r not have been made and cnnimunica
md to you, you will let your purpose be
known of returning to t- c Ur, ited States, n ,
.ess indeed, the British governm nt should
have unequivocally manifested a disposition
to revoke their orders in council, conforma
nly to the act of Congress of May last, and
oui affiirs with them should have accord.,
logly taken so favorable a turn as tojustifv.
to your judgment, a further su sponsion of
I have the honor to be, See.
rtr, n* , R SMITH.
IP/t iam Pinkney, Esq \jfr dfc
( 5UBJOINKJD. )
Extract of a letter from Mr K nt* Mi
ninter Plenipotentiary of the U Sate* at
London, n, Mr. Ptckering, St ore ary
of State, dared London. July 15 h 179'i
* S'-ven or eight ofnu?- vessels ladM, Wlih
valuable cargoes, have been la eiv captured,
ati<, are still detained fur adjudication:
these vessels were met in their voyages to
and from the Dutch ports. declared’to be
bloc leaded Several notes* have passed
between Lord G?'envi|ln anti me upon this
subject ; wi'h the view on my part, of es
tablishing a more limited and reasonable
interpretation of the- law of blockade, than
is atiemp ed in ne enforced b/ the English
go pro nent. Nearly one hundred Danish,
Russian, an<\ other neutral ships have
within a few months, been in like m noer’
intercepted, going to and returning from
the United Provinces. Many of item, as
well as some of ours, arrived in the l exel
in Che course of the last win .t r; he seven
ty of which obliged the English fbe- ‘o re.
tuin to th ir ports, leaving a few frigates
truly to make short Cruises off ihe l exel
as he season would allow.
Mv object has been 10 prove thltt in this
situation of the irive.,ti„g fleet, there can ha
no effective blockade ; which, in my ..pint
on, Cannot he said to exist, withoir a com
petent force stationed and presein at or near
the entrance of a blockaded port.’'
Extract of a letter from Mr King to Lord
Orenvit'e, dated O wning e'reet, Lon„
don. May 2;1 d, 1799.
" skeins scarcely necessarv to observe
t*iat the presencv of a compete?! for is
essential m cons i ute a blockade; and al
* See the note from Mr. K-ng to Lord
(Jrenvlle, immediately following.
though it is usual for the belligerent to give
notice 10 neutral nations, when lie institutes
h oi<>, k.tde, it is not customary t > give any
I notice ot its discontinuance; and that, con
i *' "dy, the presence of the blockading
totce he natural criterion, by which the
j neutral is ent iled o ascertain the existence
■ «»t me . a k idv ; in like manner, as the ac
tual u> ri menl of a besieg. d place is the
j o >1\ e •deuce by which we decide, whether
the sieg. is con limed or raised. A siege
i mat be Commenced, raised, recoinmeiiccu,
and raised again; but its existence, at any
precise nine, must always depend upon the
tact ot tlie piescnce of an investing armv.
1 his interpretation ot the law ot blockade is
of peculiar importance to nations situated
at a great di tauce from each other, and
between whom a considerable lengih of
time is necessary to send and receive infor
mation.”
Extract of a letter from Mr Mart hall, Se
cretory of State, u Mr. King, dated
September 20 h, 1800
I he right to confiscate vessels bound
to a blockaded port, lias been unreasonably
extended to cases not coming within .he
rule, as heretofore adapted.
“On principle, it might well be question
ed. whether this rule can be applied to a
place, not completely invested by land as
well as by sea. If we examine the reason., j
»ng, on w.iich is founded the right to inter
cept and confiscate supplies, designed for a
blockaded town, it will be difficult to res-st
the conviction, that its extension t . Mwns,
invested by sea only, is an unjus'ifia .ie c.* j
Ci oachmeut un the lights of neutials — Hut |
it isnot ol this departure from principle, a I
departure which has received some sancti i
on from practice, that we mean to c.,m |
plain: 'It is, that ports, not effectually
blockaded by a force capable of completely 1
investing tiiem, have yet been declared in a
state of blockade; and vessels, attempting \
to enter tlieitin, have been seized, and, on i
that account, confiscated
‘ Tins is a vexa ion. proceeding directly !
from the government, and which may be '
carried, if not resisted, to a very injurious '
extent. Out merchants have greatly com. '
(darned of t, with respec to Cadiz and the *
po s ot H Hand
“ ^ effectiveness of the blockade be dis
penned with, tlien every pot 01 all the belli
g. ieiii powers may, ar all times be declar
ed in bat state; and he r mm, c; of neu
•al- be, thereby, subjected to umv« rs.d
cap ure Hu if this pr.iinple be strictly
a dined :o he capacity tubl ckade will he
lini' ed t>y die naval »orce of lie beilige
re.it; and. of consequence, be mischief to
neutral commerce canno lie very extensive.
It is, therefore of »'ie las: importance to
i) u tals that thss principle be maintained
uoimp dred.
i observe, that you nave p* essed .hi*; rea
sr>ni ig >n the British minister, who rpli'*s,
tha an occasional absence of a fl ei 1 um a
biorkidtd p u , ought not to change the
s» ate if;he place.
*! Whatever force this observation maybe
entitled to. wfiere ihat occasional absence
h tt be—f! ••• -»>..- .1 i— .
....... .iu.it. .1 u/y nttiuciu. as a Si, mi,
winch tor a moinem, blows off ?he fleet
and forces it fi oin its station, which siarion
'! “''mediately resumes, I am persuaded,
'hit where a part of the fl-et is applied
though only lor a time, to other objects,
oi c rues into port, the* very principle, re
quiring an effective blockade, which is
that the mischief can then onl- lie co-exten_
sive with the naval force of rht belligerent"
ta qmi eg, that during such temporary ahj
s. , cet the commerce of neutrals to the
".ice should be free.”
l.x'ract of a letter from Mr. Madison, to
1 r\ '-'iarltx Pinkney, dated iJefiartmcni
oj S'ute. October 25 h, 1801.
1 he pretext for the seizure of our ves
sels seems a present tobe that Gibraltar
has been proclaimed in a sta:e of blockade;
liar the vessels are bound to that port!
^> > old ’.lie proceeding be avowed by the
s <n gor< rnment, and defended on that
V, '• 1. you will be able to reply ;
* l int -lie ptoclamaMoii was made
us ■' bio k as Mie 15th ot February, 1800
a dh no- -n e t- been renewed; that n >\.<s
i med n’ei\ pi t sted against by the Ante
• tea- and oth.-i neti'i il ministers a> Madrid
an t not wan anted bt the iral sta e of Gi
br.l ii; and hit no vide.. !S „f neutval
commerce having f>, 1-.w. d the prcclamati
oti.it was reason ibly concluded to h ive been
rather a m ace ag. iust tlie enemies ot
Spain, than a nvasuie io be carried into
c*xt cmion «t}*ciinsi her friends.
I *U. mm me state ot (iih* altar is not
jandiieverc.il) be admiMed by the U S. to
! be that of a real blockade. In thisdoctnne
! |1,ey arc supported by the law of nation* as
laid down m the most approved Comment;...
I tors by every 'rcaty winch has undertaken
,u> define a block .tie ; particularly,of
jhvesi date among the maritime nations of
, 1.111 ope. anti bv the sanction of Spain her
self, as a party t„ the armed nentral.iv in
!.* /) Vvi ,791\ lf,e sP'ril articles XV.
and XVI ot the treaty between the U. S.
and op iin, may also be appealed to as fa
v on rig a liberal constructi.m of ii,e rights of
the pa. ties in such cases. In fact the idea
ol an i.iyestment, a se.ge or a blockade as
collected from the authorities referred to
.necessarily results from the force of those
terms ; and though it has been sometimes
grossly violated or evaded by powerful nati
,oos in pursuit of favorite objects, it ha* in
variably kep its place in lie code of public
«aw, and Cannot lie shewn to have be™ ex
ipressly renounced in a single stipulation be
tween p.n iicular nation*.
* 3 I T iat the situation of the naval force
,n* Algesiras, in relation to Gibraltar h is
net lie shad >w of hk .,e*s to a blockade a*
|-ru,y ami legally defined. This f.,rce can
n",r,'e' !,e Si'lfl s , besiege or blockade
j lu g Trig in, nor to guild the entrance into
the port On the contrary, the gun-boats
in test i g on i commerce have their station*
in nnoth r harbor, st parated from that of
(..oral ar by a consulernble bay; and are
s . tar from beleaguering their enemy at that
P ace, and rendeung the entrance into it
dangerous mothers, that they arc, and ever
* Hie a'c treatirn be-wrrft Ru**;n and
Bril n det'Vi'en J'u*™ Or sat.
0
since the pi clama.ion of a blockade. ov©
been, for the most part, kep at a tli -a ce
by a superior n '«c: i ioiuv, whlcn m kes it
dangerous to themselves to approach thti
SPI,;‘
4 h. Tna» the principle on which the
blockade ot Gibraltar is asserted is the
more in dims*.Ole. a* it m.iy be extended to
every o.iier place in passi g 10 which vts>el*
mu^» sail within the view and teach of the
armed boats belonging to AlgesttaB. If be—
cause .1 neutral vessel bound to Gibraltar
can be anno)ed and pu in danger b way
laying cruisers, which neither necup. ttie
cm: a.ice into the liarboi n i dare approach
i\ and by reason of that danger is liable to
[capture every part of the , Mediterranean
Coasts and islands, to which neuttal ves
sels must pass through the s.me danger,
may with equal reason be proclaimed in
a state ot blockade, and the neu ra! vessels
bound thereto made equally liable t cap
-tlie t or it ne aimed v- s Irom Algusi
ras alone should be iiuu Ifiei nt »o t reat*;
, .his danger in passing m- the Medi‘erra_
' "can, ner bpmisli vessels co op, rating
|fmm others a o s m ,;•* prodo . the effect*
and tiiei t by no Mtiy block de any pa. ncuiar
port oi .he port of on p imcuiAt . ation,
bu block d* at o.icc t w i.ite ,en. sc u d
ed bv man na'ions. Like block ules . ght
be proclaimed by any particular na.n. <• a
bied bv its naval ipriimnv to 'tis ritjn1' its
ships at the nicu h of the same, or r*m .
'® l, or channels or ,m»s ot >ig
oea. so as -o make u dang rons for tin c m
merce ol other - ir ons to pass to its destina
tion. I ii je m nstrous c msequencPs con.
demo he principle from wi.!ch thet fi *
and ough. to unite against it every n nl
Spain among he . e*i winch has an in e»e-.t
in .h: tights of the sea. Oi this Spam her.
self appears to have been sen: ibfe n h. < e„r
17«0 wh. n she vielued to Russia in ; l(‘ »a.
tisfaction toi seizures of her vess. s (te
und^«5eP‘ 'ext ufa general blockadi ,f
tho Mud.ter man and fol owcd it wi |j i,er
accession to he definition of a bl ckade con
tained in the ai med ueuti c iitv.
5 .ii i na' «he U. S. have the strorger
ground for em .ns rating against the -Mnoy
nee ol it r vessels on them way * GV'. ai
tar. inas uum as, wi'h vety few except! ns”
th-^ii ol)j ct is iiti o rude .here tor 1 h, c*
com mo. .at. on ot the g'.riso,,, bur mere!,' 10
seek, advice 01 convoy or t < ir ..wo ccom
nmdmion in nit u.ie.i i . ejects of ih«i- v< y**
«g . In disturbing tiest course to Gib alZ
la.-, therefore, no ieal dt'timent »csi,|rs t*5
lue en< my . f ispa.n, whilst a |,e iVV (|np •
Conan.i*rd on . er bunds TV this ce s de
ratinn ii may m added, t'r- sr he re ,, • cj£
o! a blockade *s, to su.ije t the ei * r* - to
privations, wr.ich m .y co « piratt w x
tt-inai torue in compelling v }.ein to u e,i*
de ; an object which can ot oe ailed? m
ac.se, where ir is we 1 ki.awi, that C. -at
i bn .in can and due ai all times In ,.et>
command ol tiie sea. seeme t.> he g s s.m
jot Gibraltar eve* v supply w.uch ii
- 6l.i It is nose vans that the blot kr.do
pt G.ora tar ■# ic-mcu by the noclam .or*
on wo c..nisideraviohs, n ,. th • » is n, c
i rv «> fti uwt .«1:« .m •
|'J ' '■* *-* >y mens 1*1 t u
trai s, between Sp , h vuiqe ts d
the gai nsun theit ; the other toa it ,s a
ju,t repr.sa „n G Rmai. f„r he pmee d*
mgs of hfci naval viiiaincms a? i ,si C.. (i a
and S l^ucar. The firs' can >ur.*lv h- e
no wt ght with neutrals, but on a sup, ontG- j
on nrver to be ail,wed. that he resort to
Gibraltar under nc ual circtlm* ances p
indulgence Irom Spiin, no a light of :|jr p
own : the'ei her consideration, withom ex
ammii’g he analogy between the c.is s re
ferred t.», and that .f (i.br .Itnr, is eciiialiv
without weight wrh die tT S. agau.s .. Z,
no right can accrue to Spain 'rom p. c in /
plaints against G b unless it could be s e.vn
that Hu U were in an unit, ft,I coll, don
with the latter ; a charge which they well
know that Spam is too just and too r mdi.l to.
insinuate. ] cannot tvc.i he said <h*' Mies
, U. 8 have acquiesced in -he ciepreda i ns
c. minuted by G. Kriuin urulei wh.;te> . r
p. • texts, it their lawful Commerce P id
th.s indeed be- n the case, the acquiescence
ought IO he iogatde.d as a sactifice made by
prudenci to a love of peace, .-f which ill
nH ■1>ns •ttrrdsh occasional examples, and a»
involving a question bet we n the U S nd
G. Hiitaiu, ot which no u:her nation c.mid
take at!vaniage against the former. Hut it
m .v be truly -ffi.roed. that m such tuqui,
esc* n,c has taken place The IJ 8 liava
>ongh realiess lor injuries f;o. G. D< ,jn
as vv 11 as from abe. ions T ,ev n..ve
saugm. it by lie means wb--.ii appeared’w
he.nse.vcs. the o ly rig tul judges, |>e
ties' sui e l to Mu ir ol jedt ; and u i eq« |v
, certain -Ii t redress has in some n. aM,<«
| been out i .rtf, and that th< pursuit ,.f
plete redtt ss is by no means abandoned.
‘ 7r Wf-er admitted .ha the Crcumsan
ces of v,i Ji altar i. February, 1300 th- date
°f \hf.S,u Th ,,lpcla' Ation, amoun.ed a
real blockade, and th t the proclaim, i„3
was therefore obligatory on neutrals : „„d
we.e it also admitted (bat the p.rsen ,
r.nnstances of that place amount to a real
blockade (net her of wl,ichV,-n be
ted.) mill the conduct of ’he A.gcsir*, Crul
seeta, is altogether illegal and nnw-.r-anta
Ue. !i.isillegal and unwarrantable |>e
cause the force of the proclamation most
have expired whenever the blockade wua
net it.illy rautd, us oust haVe l>eei. unq.tcs
t mnably the case, since he date of ,|,e pro
clamation ' particularly and ftoforiouslv
whet, the port of Algcswaft i.self wus ,, eZ
entered and attacked by a British fleer ; nod
b. c.use onaie-e v d of the bl ^le ej.
, ‘ "r* pt'Cl-itoation oogf t to In.\t- issu
ed, or the vessels making f,,r Gibraltar
..got to have been p-em.-Lbed of fh 2
d tngcr ami pthniited ,ochange theircou.se'
as ii.ey ui’glit Ihirk p.opei Among,^
l»uses Coin untied tinder pre’ext of w. r
none teen, .o have bee. ca.ried to er^ter
eXnarng ince, cr to thro* en greater
chief to neutral CoiWmerc* than hr -it"
tempts to Rub-titmc fictitious blocked -s *•>*
proclamation, for real blockades formed r
cord mg to ,he law of nations , and c
q tie it ly none against which it is mo. * ,e<(f
sa.y for neutral nations toremons'th* e ifie*.
tuallr, before the innovations ac^uf. ... 1<r
•""’t rt:r:'r-,'r',m -u- . 5
S*r ' “"d ”lm 1«<* -Jit ♦.