The enquirer — Richmond, Va., 1810-04-06 00:00:00, page 1

< vv*>Zj&. ’w<. '
M .• / ‘' >rc .-.'".■‘j-fi •♦••^\v .., .
, •
• * . v - .•
v
, ■ - - -
— r s* -»
Vol. 6.J
*
iff Published by Thomas Ritchie, nearly op
Petite the Globe Tavern, Richmond, Virginia.
(tT* CO HD 17 IONS five dollars a year, to
be paid annually in advance. Those vsho -wish to
be considered at annual subscribers, must hereafter
designate it at the time of subscribing, otherwise
their papers will be discontinued at the expiration 1
of the first year. \
SUPREME COURT
or THE
UJVITED STATES.
FLETCHER, }
v. £ JOHNSON, J.
PECK. 3
In this case, I entertain, an two points,
an opinion, different from that which has
keen delivered by the court.
I do not hesitate to declare, that a state
does not possess the power of revoking its
own grants. But I do it on a general prin
ciple, on the reason and nature of things—.
a principle which will impose laws even ou
the Deity.
A contrary opinion can only be maintain
ed upon the ground, that no existing legis
lature can abridge the powers of those which
will succeed it. To a certain extent, this
is certainly correct ; but the distinction lies
between power and interest, the right of ju
risdiction and the right of soil.
^.The right of jurisdiction is essentially con
nected to, or rather, idantified with, the na
tional sovereignty. To part with it, is to
commit a species of political suicide. In
fact, a power to produce its own annihilati
on, is an absurdity in terms. It is a power
as utterly incommunicable to a political, as
to a natural person. But it is not so with
the interests or property of a nation. Its
possessions nationally, are in no w ise neces
sary to its political existence ; they are en
tirely accidental, and may be parted with
In every respect, similarly to those of the
Individuals who compose the community.—
When the legislature have once conveyed
their interests or property in any subject to
the individual, they have lost all control o
rer it-have nothing to act upon-it has
passed from them-is vested in the indivi
dual-becomes intimately blended with
his existence, as essentially so as the blood
that circulates through his system. The
government may, indeed, demand of him
the one or the other, not because they are
not his, but because whatever is his is his
country’s.
As to the idea, that the grants of a legisla
ture may be void, because the legislature
are corrupt, it appear* to me to be subject
to insuperable difficulties. The acts of the
supreme power of a country, mu&t he con
sidered pure, for the same reason that all
sovereign acts must be considered just_
because there is no power that can declare
them otherwise. The absurdity in this case
would have been strikingly perceived, could
the party, who passed the act of cession,
have got again into power, and declared
themselves pure, and the intermediate legis
lature corrupt.
The security of the people against the
misconduct of their rulers, must lie in the
frequent recurrence to first principles, and
the imposition of adequate constitutional
restrictions. Nor would it be diffict^lt, with
the same view, foy laws to be framed, which
would bring the conduct of individuals under
the review of adequate tribunals, and make
them suffer under the consequences of their
own immoral conduct.
I vmvtp thrown out these ideas, that I may
have it distinctly Understood, that my opi
nion on this point, is not founded on the pro.
visioo in the Constitution of the United
States, relative to laws impairing the obli_
gat ion of contracts. It is much to be regret
ted, that words of less equivocal significati
on, ha/1 not been adopted in that article of
the Constitution. Tlicr>' is reason to believe,
from the letteis of Publius, which are well
known to be entitled to the highest respect,
that the object ot thu convention was toafi'ord
m general protection to individual rights a
gainst the acts of the state legialatnrcs._
Whether the words “acts impairing theob_
ligation of contracts,” can be construed to
have the same force, as must have been gi
ven to the word*, “ obligation and effect of
conttacts," is the difficulty in my mind.
There can beno solid objection, to adopt
»ng the technical definition of the word,
••contract.” given by Illackstonc. Xheety.j
mology, the classical signification and the
civil law idea of the word, will all support
it: Eat the difficulty arises on the woid,
“obligation,'’ which certainly imports, an
existing moral or physical necessity. Now, |
a grantor conveyance by nomehnsnccessa.
viiy implies, the continuance of an obligation
beyond the moment of executing it. it is,
most generally, but the consummation of a
contract, \% functus officio, the moment it is
exernted, and continues afterwards to be
n/ahing more, then the evidence that a cer
tain act was done.
I enter, with great hesitation, upon this!
questina, because it involves a subject of the !
greatest delicacy and much difficulty_j
f he states, and the United States, arc cou_j
tiPnally legislating on the subject of con-1
tracts, prescribing the pit-(!e of authenticati. •
©n. the time within which suits shall be pro- !
aecutcd for them, in many cases affecting
existing contracts, by me laws which they j
piss, and declaring them to cease or lose!
their effect, for want of compliance, in he
parties, with such statutory provisions. All)
these acts, appear to be within toe most
correct limits of legislative powers, and most
beneficially exercised, and certainly could
not have been intended to be affected by this
constitutional provision ; yet, where to draw
the line, or how to define or limit the words,
♦‘obligation of contracts,” will be found a
subject of rxtremr difficulty.
To give it the general effect of a restric
tion otthe state powers, in favor of private
rights, is certainly going very far beyond
the obrimu and necessary import of the
words, ami Would operate to restrict the
«atr» in the exercise of that right, which
every community must exercise of possessing
its< l‘ of rh«* pr*iperty of the individual, when
nccer.sury for public uses, a right, which a
magimnimvua and just jpofernmci t will w*
'*wiU'y ij; amply iiulemt.lfyit g
the individual, and which, perhaps, amounts
to nothing more, than a power to oblige him
to sell and convey, when the public neces
sities require it.
The other point, on which I dissent from
the opinion of the court, is relative to the
judgment which ought to be given on the first
count. Upon that count, we are callcd.upon
substantially to decide. ” that the state of
Georgia, at the time of passing the act of
cession, were legally seized, in fee, of the
soil, .(then ceded,) subject only to the extin
guishmsnt of part of the Indian title.” That
is, that the state of Georgia was seized of
an estate in fee simple, in the lands in ques
tion, subject to another estate, we know not
what, nor whether it may not swallow up
the whole estate, decided to exist in Geor
gia. It would seem that the mere vague
ness and uncertainty of this covenant, would
be a sufficient objection to deciding in favor
of it, but to me it appears, that the fac*s in
the case are sufficient to support the opini
on, that the state of Georgia had not '*fce
aitn/ile in the land in question.
This is a question of much delicacy, and
more fitted tor a diplomatic, or legislative,
than a judicial inquiry. But I am called
upon to make a decision, and i must make
it upon technical principles.
1 he question is, whether it can be cor
rectly predicated of tlu? interest or estate,
which the state of Georgia h^d in thoscVands,
“ that the state was seized thereof rn fee
simple.”
Tome it appears, that the interest of
Georgia, in that land, amounted to nothing
more than a mere possibility, and that her
conveyance thereof could operate legally
only, as a covenant to convey or to stand
seized to a use.
The correctness of this opinion will de
pend upon a just view of the state of the In
dian nations. This will be found to be very
various. Sotntj have totally extinguished
their national fire, and submitted themselves
to the laws of the States: others have, by
treaty, acknowledged that they hold their
national existence at the will of the state
within which they reside : others retain a
limited sovereignty and the absolute propri
etorship of their soil. The latter is the case
of the tribes to the west of Georgia; We
legislate upon the conduct of strangers or
citizens within their limits, but innumerable
treaties formed with them acknowledge
them to be an independent people, and thu
uniform practice of acknowledging their
right of soil, by purchasing from them and
restraining all persons from encroaching up
on their territory, makes it unnecessary to
insist upon their right of soil. Can, then,
one nation be said to be seized of a fee sim
ple in lands, the right of soil of which is in
another nation ? It is awkward to apply the
technical idea of a fee simple to the inter
ests of a. nation ; but I must consider an ab
solute right of soil as an entire estate to them
and their heirs. A fee-simple estate may
be held in reversion, but our Law will not
admit tkp idea of its being limited after a
fee-simple. In fact, if the Indian nations be
the absolute proprietors of their soil, wo o
ther nation can be said to have the same in
terest in it. What, then, practically, is the
interest of the states in the soil of the Indi
ans within their boundaries? Unaffected by
particular treaties, it is nothing more than
what was assumed at the first settlement of i
this country, to wit, a right of conquest or
of purchase, exclusively cf all competitors
within certain defined limits. All the re
strictions upon the right of soil in the Indi
ans, amount only to an exclusion of all com
petitors from their markets,and the limitati
on upon their sovereignty amounts, to the
right of governing every person within then
limits except themselves. If the interest iw
Georgia was nothing more than a pre emp
tive right, how could that be called a fee
simple, which was nothing more than a pow
er to acquire a fee simple by purchase,
when the proprietors should be pleased to
sell ? And if this ever was any thing more
than a mere possibility, it certainly was re
duced to that state when the state of Geor
gia ceded to the U. S by the constitution,
both the power of pre-emption and of con
quest, retaining for itself, only a resulting
right dependent on a purchase or conquest
to be made by the U. b.
I have been very unwilling to proceed to
the decision of this cause at ail. It appears
to me 10 bear strong evidence, upon the face
of it, of being a mere feigned case. It is our
duty to decide on the rights, but not on the
Speculations of parties. My confidence, how
ever, in the respectable gentlemen who have
been engaged for the parties, has induced
me toabvudon my scruples in the belief that
they would never consent to impose a mere
feigned case upon this court.
_^urope.
N°r. ror.K, April 1.
J'lic British frigate Milan, from Bermuda
to Halifax, off the Capes on Thursday lust,
u it on hoard the pilot boat J. W. letters and
Bermuda papers for Col. Hamilton ; also,
Home vie ?iccis (presents from u gentleman
in ihmnnda to ladies in this place)—the lat
ter articles were seized by the Collector of
the port of Hampton, but the letters and pa
pers came safe to hand on Saturday. Col
H. politely handed us the papers ; from them
the following selections :—Herald.
BERMUDA.
St. George. March 10.
It is with the utmost satisfaction wr lenrn,
that II. M. S Gnerriere, fell tn with tijp
Rattlesnake sloop of war bd. home with des
patches from the East Indies, w-drh stated
that tranquility had been restored in that
quarter.
It appears the disaffected pmt of the com.
pany's trotips had taken p' .,»,e*-si"U of b*
ringapaurn, but on the approach of the]
King’s forces, amounting to 11,000 men they
surrendered, having obtained a promise of
general amnesty, with the exception of« fev
of the officer* who had taken a most* active 1
part in the dUwrblinGC.
General M I)c* si bad r'a:"ed jo a vc.- ']
for England, l ot had ut rn •> reckedon the !* \
l#hd of MsdHf/ascai, and we* rigid to add,
every s»ul on board peri»h«tl.
Wfe have inserted a bombastic account of
the means taken by the French to conciliate
the people of Spain, and to shew how secure
they consider thertiselvcs in that country ;
but what must be the sensations of the in
habitants of Madrid, at seeing the palaces of
their rightful sovereigns, forcibly appropri
Hted for the splendid reception of Freiicb ru
lers, who are thus inhumanly revelling with
the fruits ot the plunder, trampling on the
fallen greatness of the Spanish nation, and
dancing as it were, over the corpses of those
brave Spaniards who have sarrificed their
lives at the shrine of patriotism !
LATEST FROM ENGLAND.
XT' To the attention of Capt. Tabh, arrived
here last night, wc are indebted for LON
DON papers of the 24Mi January, contain
ing the King’s Message to Parliament,
which is given below. Onr rcadeis will
perceive by this important document, thaf
the British government still contemplate
an a .licable termination of differences
with this country. Nothing else of mo
ment, except Debates which are very an
imated and interesting. — Herald.
IMPERIAL. P ARLIA ME jY T.
HOUSE OF PEERS.
Tuesday, January 53.
Tim day, at three o’clock, the lords
commissioners, for delivering his majesty’s
speech, took their seats in the House of
Lords, and the commons, being summoned,
and appearing at the bar, the king’s most
gracious speech was read to the fords and
commons.
The commissioners were, the arch bishop
of Canterbury, the lord Chancellor, lord
Camden, ford Alesfoid and lord Dart
mouth.
1 he marquis of Lansdowne and lord Doun
took their oaths and seats.
THE SPEECH.
'l hc following was the speech, as deliver
en by the lard Chancellor;
■Aly Lords ancl (Jcntlcmcn, •
“ Ilis majesty commands us to express
to you his deep regret, that the exer tions
of the Emperor of Austria, against the am
Lution and violence of France, have proved
unavailing, and that h|s imperial majesty
has been compelled to aoandon the contest,
and to conclude a disadvantageous peace.
Although the war was undertaken by tliat
monarch, without eircourr^ >ment on the
part of his majesty, every eifort was mode
for the .assistance of Austria, which h is ma
jesty deemed consistent with the due sup.
port of Ins allies, and with tha wellare and
interest of lus own dominions.
•‘An attack upon the naval armaments
ana establishments in the Scheldt, afforded
at once, the prospect of destroying a grow
ing force, which was daily becoming mere
formidab e to the security of this country,
and Oi diverting the exertions of France
from file important objects of reinforcing
her armies on the Danube, and of control
ling the spirit of resistance in the north of
Germany, I'hese oonsideriiticns determin
ed his majesty to employ his forces in an
expedition to the Scheldt. •
“ Although the principal ends of thisex
pediiion have not.been attained, his majesty
confidently hopes, that advantages, materiv
ally affecting the security of ins majesty’s
dominions, in the forther prosecution of the
'y^r* "found to result from the demo
liMon of the docks and arsenals at Flushing.
1 his,important object, his majesty was en
a.ju tl to accomplish, in consequence of th“
reduction of the Island of VValcheren, by
t.ie valor of his fleets and aniik*8,
“ His majesty has given direction, that
such documents and papers should 4c laid
before you, as lie trusts will afford satisfacto
ry information upon the subject of this ex
pedition.
“We have it in command to state to you,
that his majesty had uniformly notified to
Sweden his majesty’s decided . w'ish, that in
determining upon the question of peace or
war with I* ranee, and other continental
povvei 3, she should be guided by consider
ations resulting from her own situation and
interests; while his majesty, therefore ’a
ments, that Sweden should have fouwd iti—
cessary to purchase peace by considerable
sacrifices, his majesty cannot complain,
that she has concluded it without his m i
jesty’s participation. It is his .majesty’s
earnest wish, that no event may occur
to occasion llie interruption ot those rehui.
ons of amity, which it is the desire of hiv
majesty, and the interest of both countries
to preserve.
“ \V« have it further in command, to
com muni cate to you, that the efforts of his
majesty, tor the protection of Portugal have
been power hi lly aided hy the confidence
which th~. prince regent has reposed in his
majesty, and hy toe co-operation of the
local government, and of the people of that
country. The expulsion of the French from
Portugal, by his majesty’s forces under
Lieut, gen. lotd Viscount Wellington, and
'he glorious victory obtained hy him at Ta
Lavers, contributed to cltcck tlie progress of
the French arms in the Peninsula, during
the l *tc campaign.
“ fits fn.ijcsty directs us to state, tliat pic
Spanish government, in the name, and by
the authority of king Ferdinand the Se
venth, ha* determined to assemble the gc
vrral rtnd extraordinary cortex of the nation.
Uts majesty trnstsr, that this me a sore will
give fresh animation and vigor to the coun
cils and the arms of Spam, and successfully
d.rect the c net .pcs md spirit of the Spanish
people to the niaintcmioca of the legitimate
monarchy, and to the ultimate deliverance
ol ihcar countty.
“ J h- i! out important considerations of pol
icy and of good faith require, Piat as long ns
tins great cause can be m linuined with a
proper success, it shtfuld be supported, sc..
coi in,; to liie nature and circumstances of
the Contitstr iiy tlie strenuous anti Continued
a instance t»i th?. power .md rc.i,inri*-. s of his
n'.tjts's s flmriHiiiins j anti hismajesty relics
on tlie? hid of bis parliament ;n j.i.s aixioti::
tmii r.vors to f< uatratn tiir utu :n;,is id France |
r.ctihw the independence oi Spain «nd Pyr- i
fug 'l, anti cgc.li»st the bappinc-*■> 'ndfrrvdom ;
vr tavsv i }ai gntj ritotr.e lutions*
The T„?.rl cf Glasgow, moved the ad*
diess, which, as usual, was an echo 6f the
spceeli.
Th's brought cn a most animated
debate, which continued until 3 o'clock in
the morning, in which Lord Grenville made
a most eloquent ,/tcech, which takes u/i 8
columns .of “ The Globe,” and concluded
•with moving the follceiuing amendment :—
Loid (j s speech, if possible, in our next.}
“ That we have seen, with the utmost
sorrow and indignation, the accumulated
failures and disasters ot the last campaign,
the unavailing waste of our national resour
ces, and the loss ot so many thousands of our
brave troops, whose dis.inguished and hero
• c valor has been unprofittrbly sacrificed in
enterpnzes productive not of advantage bu‘
of lasting in jury to the country.— Enterpn
zes marked only by a repetition of former er
rors ; tardy and uncqttibined ; iucapable in
then success of aiding our ally, in the criti
cal moment ot his fate, butexposing, in their
failure, his majesty’s councils to che scorn
an derision of the enemy.
. that we therefore feci ourselves bound, I
wall a view to the only atonement that now
can be made toan injured people, to institute,
without delay, such rigo; -jus and effectual
enquiries and proceedings ns duty impels ns
to adopt in a case where our countr.r has
been subjected to unexampled caiamity and
disgrace.
A similar amendment was made in the
Mouse ot Commons, with the addition of the
following viords :
^'itt we therefore feel ourselves bound,
with a view to the only atonement time can1
now be made to rn injured people, to iruti
tute without delay.’* &o.
*n tlie House of Cords the votes were
For the Amendment, 01
Against the Amendment, ll i
Maj°r*ty for Ministers,^ 52
In the 11 use of Common* ths vot-s were
I or the A mendtnent, 167
Against the Amendment, “63
‘ . tMajority for Ministers, 96
it will be seen by the speech, the notice
which is taken r‘ American affairs. The
dcb.iie in both Houses was very animated
nnu of too great length for this day’s paper
—was principally confined to the war in
•Mi’ope f*ilils was said upon American
allairs, but as our readers mav wish to know
rvi n that li'tie, we will insert it—Mr. Whit
bread, an opposition member, alluding to
what had fallen from Mr. Canning, re mm k
cd :
“ The nPxt respected America ; and
here he could not l:Hj> rxprcsnuig Ins s?ir«.
prise, that the right hon. gentleman wiio I
13(1 last spoken, had abstained from ex
plaining why in the iast lessiu-.i he had with .
held from the hpuse a document, widen
went to the complete justification of oar late
ministry in thrt country. He wni glad to
he:’.r, by a passage in lm majesty’s speech,
that our affairs with America were in strain
of accommodation ; but the right hon. gen.,
tic man opposite is deeply responsible for
the tardiness w"h which that airamjemtnt
had been entered into.”
A Ministerial member remarked :
iothf affairs of America it might be
mdecor »s for him in their present situation
* > Stlu;,, nrr should lie, alter tlic observa
t ions of his majesty’f speech, enter into any
intpwiy ns to the conduct of the minister*,
lithe honor of »!.c nuion wee r.t stake,
however we might rrZ, u the revival of s’
tilities, or the it jury of our trade, i- could
not be a n . ter of ben'Mi-m, Hot of the
effects, -i "t't flit’s America irght product
i o,, 'l.e <-tu-u.« r -• of th;s ( "iliitty, V/c
.iMtgUth-. nbJ.^to » i: . jii-*>>mcut- from
jl-iii.v f ’v liftJ i'v iff birg-.»
' i
“ His majesty co>nnu!H!i us to acquaint
you, that the intercourse bet tvetn bis m-iies
tv’s minister in America and the i»nv£i u.
inent ot the U. States has bt***n stuhleiiit* ant]
unexpectedly interrupted* His majesty sin
cerely regrets this event ; he has. however,
received the strongest assurances from the
American minister resident at this court,
that the United States are desirous of main
taining friendly relations between the t .v<»
countries. This desire will be met by a cor
responding disposition on the pv.a of h»s ma
jesty.
| “ Gentlemen of tk - Itom'e of Common,
“ His mhj^sty lias directed us to irtfoi-n
you that he lias ordered the Estiinat .s for
the ctifrent year to be laid before you ; his
majesty has directed t.rvm to be formed
with a’l the attention to economy which the
support of Ins allies and the security ct his
dominions will permit. And h^ inajestv re
lies upon your zeal and loyalty t o aii nd him
such supplies as may be necessary for those
essential objects.
“He commands us to express how deeply
he regrets the pressure upon bis subjects,!
which the protracted continuance cf the war
renders inevitable.
“ My IJprug and Gentlemen,
We arc commanded by his majesty to
express his hope that ycu will resu(r.«'the
consideration of the state of the inferior Cler
cy, and adopt such further meifures upon
this interesting subject as may appear to you
to be proper.
“We have it further in command to
state to you that the accounts which will
be laid before you, of the trade and revenue
of the country, will be found higiiiy salisfuc -
tory.
•/Whatever temporary and partial incon
venience may have resulted from the mea
sures which were directed by France a„ 1
gainst those great resources of our prqsper
ity and strength, those measures have wholly
tailed of producing any permanent or gene
ral ellect.
“ 1 he inveterate hostility of our enefhy
continues to be directed &g dust this country
with unabated violence. To guard the *e- j
curityof his majesty’s dominions, mi l to de
feat tlte designs which are meditated against
us anil our allies, will tv-on ire the utmost
efforts ot vigilance, fortitude, and persever
ance.
“ In every difficulty and danger his majes
ty confidently trusts, that he shall derive the
D'.o&t efiectnal support, under the continued
b.essings of Divine Providence, from the
wisdom of his parliament, the valor of his
forces, and the spirit and determination of
his people.”
,??**-*« has brought cut despatches
iron» Mi', r inkney ; bo that now our goverh
nient twill hr. in possession of advices from
I ranee ar.d Ivnglaud—frem the former to tire
1-Hhk and to the 24th of January from the
latter.—lb,
_ A received hy the Fortir*. of the
25. * ?*. January says, “ Alt the propertv
seized m Denmark, that was proved to b'j
bonafdc American, htubecu resto-: d.”
From the /VorfM- Herald.
io Ca/ifrin Tar none arr also indebted dor
thr fo/tbwing i mpoIttAj:t letter re
ceived by him from an American Suhcr
cargo, dated
_1 , istiana, 16:h Nov. ISOS’
! Dear Sir,
You request rap to give von a state
ment o. our situation in this country, that
you may mr.ke it khdv/n in the U St a tr ,
It is a gloomy subject, ar.d one that excites
tceung3 which cannot beexoressed. I wjp.
however, aitcmptio giv, vou a Sketch of.ur
bufferings, ami of our long & uujun ,le;8u ■„
an in Gothic Btrbary Some of us left A
| merica early in March, hut have all sailed
since the embargo was removed; v“H*
the papers necessary to dero.u,struts” Jlui
J neutrality of our property, and were hound
tor various ports rn the northern continent
ct Europe. You know that it i* usual t'>
tan for the Naee of Norway when bound
ul* 1 !,e Baltic, or to Holland, coming north
uodut.
The Norwegian.ye placed telescopes
on tl.e Her i!ie T»iiAef by %v| i*;ii they
‘"‘V* discover vessel* many league3 at sea ;
woe,,, cei- n vp-s.*l is M&en’ ofT, tile signal ii
nintle, anti hripdrvJs if privatee.s are cc:.
ai.f! as n-.o.it of them ha ve the .appearance
pt pilot beats, the uostrspeetiiig Amcricau
1 ’ a 5,1,1e l •* >'• It* this manner have 3S
Americans t»ten brought in arti detained,
*iid hardly, in one instance, were paper* ?-• -
n mined In thcjjrivrt.v-rsmtir. lyjt were*.esj
od up, not opened.until the ' thoughtfit.
In three instances, the owners of the privn
tcers sat as interrrg-tiers and interpreter^
in their nwq eases j this is not unknown to
his Danish rnaj-sly—vet he has taken :r>
s,eP ■ punish the ottniders, for !js r*>*;ii3_
ter says, it is contrary fc* ail the laws of Den"
m irk—nor has he t.ikrn xc<t3tsros • to re
thess nnr w unjjs. Snnx time, nltrr tins,
(iwo months.) we-arts summoned to the prises
iCouit, lobe tried, and have, to hand o :»• tie „
I ience in writing, without a knowledge of
what is alleugea against ns. In 2+ lions.}
after this farce, conies the tragedy of con
demnation, or damage* to die captors, for
the .trouble and exigence of-bringing us in,—
Where vessels weis, condemned, fj-.s Caf>_
.ains appealed from the sentence, <ami whni
cl • irnl I)v paving damages, the captors »p.
p":,led. In many instances, wheie the ves
sel was condemned. ?hr; Op'am and erfw
were driven irum the vessel to provide iVr
themsf-iVt-;, os they could, and in this si'.ua
’Jm wrvo tilings when his majesty ordered
home Id* privateers. Who h r this u . a.
<i.ure was taken on account pi the nutra e
ovs conduct of the p. ivr.teenmea, I am not
aide to determine. It would sipnc.ir, that
this was not the cause, from the conduct of
.bis majestyfa courts of justice. Many -: ihu
Captains anti Supcrcor»oes, taking in-.ocon
sidcrativii the !->•? wh;ch wotd l be sustain
ed by.-their owners and those Concerned, by
a longer detention^ were induced to com.,
pronii - e rvi'.h the captors, by [riving a *-.*
r.pni. gi: on their p rr.nort v, amt h wc ••.ivjeii
to then pur-* of destination. T* .iCthaMe
-*..•11, which arc to the rn-mbtr of a»>-nt
f,-v i,ty. arc waiting the drC- \or. of ibe coutt
,-it :iii i a I y in ( hristinnii. As ? .scfO’t
. t'Ct'.s hytoriur ;.Y h*» w*k, an i if sit
the amount ot the exports to, raid ittipoVis
irom the United States, were moots'i'.-na
oly decreased, but tlml >m was arnp'.v conn
ttifwlanretl tty the direct U Ad* cat ,, d
. by «;ur rnc cUar.ts to Spain. Engl-mU cicshv
! etl neither peace nor war, hut she
• Suficr no indignity.'find mrrke no tmhecom.
- ?!>K f-ohecssiona.* With ever y engine of p.nv -
or and perfidy against its, the sit.-* vm cf
j this country bn.I protect to Bonaparte that
• i' :s isivninerahV in’ thevetv point to which
i all his efforts w«rp directed; The arcmmlH
j of the exports Of ii. iriid, r.uu.uf .hWes w'.f.M
. be found to rxcrvd, by several toiliicu^
i tu *'-•«. ot any former period.”'
! Mr. PcrcivtU 'hs Chancellor of the Ex
J chequer) remit kyd r »
| *' With regard to America, there rer
jtainly die! appear to exist greater t! fittu:
[ tie.s in reconciling the diiforenca v iilch had
I subsisted between them ; out even upcyi thii
;poir>r. tlie obstacles to uo i-ni >n did ‘ nnt ap
pear to be insuperal.'fe. One of the ”Tc?c
loading prints < f difiference respecting Ante.
Mca arose upon the orders of council, wh civ
the two noble fords hrul represented us most'
in,politic, and as bob, - big with ruin to ,5
commerce ot this country. For.tmate'v ti-r,
policy or impolicy of the orders in r.oVrcU
then no fonpr remained a quesdicn <.i theo
ry ; it I Hid been tielcrrhisted by the cV. Umce'
ct facts. So far from having ruinijd tha
commerce ct the country, is had been con
bdently predicted, they bad b«en productive
ct the most: beneficial consequences. Ile
was now happy to have it in his* power to
Jtate. that the trade of this ccmu, v in the
last year, that is, to the quarter ending in
October last, was, not only greater than it
was the year before, hut than it Was even
in the most prosperous period, '{'lie ex
port cf manufactures and of foreign nmduca
last year exceeded, by seven millions, our
trat C m the most favorable period of pester,
m d by t«n Millions that of any year of war
He did not mean to.hav that there were not
other.ctrcumatances which had operated to
augment our cormv.eice, but he had stated
eno..gh to shew that thee was nothing so*
inconsistent with contain .sense—nothing
calculated to »•-*>«» the ri ade ot this country
in the orders ol' council, as the noble lords
hari contended.”
We observe nothing worthy of notice ju
any of our other papers—p,-ivar» )ct,eriv
say that tlve cabinet of England is disposed
tor an amicable adjustment with the United
•itares, and assert with confidence, that a
new Minister will be scut out to this ccuu
t ry.—Ledger.