Alexandria daily gazette, commercial & political — Alexandria [Va.], 1810-03-09 00:00:00, page 2

' Iusith'e Beetoo Repertory there has lately
* eppesred : seriee of eneys under the head
' of **_ Tent Him: to Wm Mm"-their greatt
— has detekred us from republishinz
—.them.' in the Ninth Him, the rightsqfsi
* Womb. (ill qfneutrah, are eo ably and
si si' so forcibly diecuseed,as to render them wot"
* thentiou of all who wish to under
sisiss * and 80 importantssubject- A it:" and
' siesinﬂsihistory of the British orders and
Mh decrees, aﬀecting our eommerce, is
Rhcdfouod in this paper. The extracts
ﬂow'republished, will give much estitlae
' tion.,es they establish clearly the fact, so
often alledged on our part, that France be
gan thin system of blockading' by praclama
ma.- nd that the British orders, of which
We have so much eomplaincd, are only re
ul'tstory. Unsortunately, sll parties (in
their zeal to defend neutral rights" without
proper examination) have utiited in de
nouocing the eystcm of bloekadee by lito
dlrnltiou, es entirely new, and totally un
just. As to its novelty, the writer of this
;! able to state from unquestionable authori- 3
ty,thet the practice began at least two cen- ct
turiee ago. When the Dutch, enraged at ss
the violence osPhilip ma, king of Spain,;
I
.
.
whose )oke they had thrown oﬀ, passed a
.deeree, blockading all the ports of Spain,
and prohibiting all neutrals from carrying
an}- suppiies to that country. A copy osss
this decree, they sent to all the maritime
powers then o'cteutral,-and among others
that of'Great Britain; and it is an record:
_ that no 'sinuonsrnssce was made to this
deeree'ssirom ny ofthose powers. So that ss
the right of blockading, by proclamatiou,
(now contestcd so confidently by us) was
ssnsctochons int ssPROCLAMATlON.
[MPORTANT BXTRACTS
rnou 'rus nnrru HINT To tus: nen. ;
"The Hercules of antiquity is said to
. have conthcrt-d one osits enemies, by hold
ing hnn up from the earth : and Bonaparte
lu- endeavored to eonquer the English by
keeping them oﬀ stom tne seas. Before the
Berlto decree took place, eVery port of the
European coast, excepting in portions of
the Baltie and Mediterranezm, wan closed
not out to the British nation, but to the
proou so! the British doninion, even
eyter ten production: had plseed into
in: hand: qfneulrals. 'Th'ts eXtenlive and
pcovoking measure, however, did not
UWF. use to that blockading system,
which the Britieh finally pursued in urope,
7" their second war with revolutiooarv
France; for the British were at first e -
tout with tenort'mg to former modes of
zvceediog against neutnlo ( wed a: lead
en confirmed by old French example: ) n
I msi—ctieot remedy apinet this commercial
. disitulty. _lt was merelyto oppoee the
umnt celleeted for the invation of 6.
Britein and [relax] that .the entnnceo of
twelve port- iu the nei hborhood of theee
{mectceekoning from , eteud to Feeamp in
Nﬂlﬂdþ) were ordered in Aug. 1804, to
be non rtgoroully bloekoded in : manner
united to the venge- ostnr acknowledg
ed in dimillr ences." This, therefore, wn
.,sssisipyy . Mmypmaumn, and not . cem
-millrufri>'eno lo !" . new event
maw, during the Pox and Grem-ile ad- ss
Mt'toﬂ 'btch'producd lsiblockadel
usened by a te pubxtc, wmen cotuu man a.
: Washsitugtou, in prince Maurice, the lea
der at their armiessi and of : Barncvdt for
their cotmlellor ;- a man, then considered,
one of the first statesmen in Europe. The
nateamen hat of'ycstertlay, should be more
waden in their decision upon the right: of
Junk- Ptmbybderct olnpnl'te,had1
.uu—d the ,}!enovetian douidione of the1
king of Engimd. bushj'idiyz in his at
pck on Briueh ugde-ssz end znreturo so:]
benigereots.
Mv* -—— --** " ---— *--* *
"S-AMUEL SNOWDEN,
Hemms dollanpcrmm
- coumcm. a POLITlCAL: "?
My Gar'ssme, : Dollan.
"[DAZ, WCH !.
.."—
c—siss
ma um rmuno "
Rmren, 41:me
um- GAZBTTE,
..-.
the Seine, this whole exccnt of coast was
treated, only as a common coast of a com
mon enemy is treated in all wars whatever.
- This therefore, when properly understood,
, was a measure of civility, rather than a men
sure of appression to American ncutral
' traders. lt happened also, that the block
l ade was still further moderated in Septem
] her following, in consequence of Prussia
. having attempted at that moment to resist
'- che, which naturally led the English to
si terminate the blockade between the Ems
; and Elbe. *
, Here let us turn from England to look
at Bonaparte, who at this time adopted a
' desperate ste against neutral commerce
'and against England: to which he was
_ particularly excitcd by an immediate pros
. pact of said; as he had entered into a new
; territory, where there were many large de
. poeit: of English goods. Having prepared
his measure by pretended arguments and
; by the march of diﬀerent detachments o!
troops, he issued his famous decree oi No
vember 21. 1806. from the capitalos the
Prussian dominions, then in his posses
_ sion ; directing this decrse to be commu
si nicstcd to his allies, for their adoption ;
? and declaring it a sundamental law of the
French empire and of ltaly, as long as En
gland should refuse to acknowledge certain
ncutral laws invented by himself. By this
Bctlin decree he ordered the blockade of
the British islands ; the seizure of the per- :
sons of the British, though unconcerned in
war, wherever found; as also of their let- ss
ters, and property of every kind, real and ,
peraonal; the stoppage of all trade with]
them ; the capture of all articlee coming:
- from their coloniee or manusactories ; [ior '
ss neutrais who had innoceutiy bought them,
T were to forseit them, as being by the very ss
' purchase, proved to be " the accomplices ok
! Englaud"] together with the exelueion ofss
all which had touched in En land or itsi
icolonies. Half the amouctnt o the consis
cations of the first seizures, was to be ap
plied to indemnity the sufferers by English
cruizers: though we may presume, With
out any breach of candor, that it has never
i reached that benevolent destinatioo.
tior'i, resolved to treat the matter under-a
commercial point of view ; but American
cousiderations etitl came across them to
check this conduct. On December 31,
1806, they had arranged their treaty, wuh
Messrs. Monroe and Pinckney; but they
honorably declared, that the eignature gi
ven to it must only be provisianel; for if
America should, at the order of Bonaparte
abandon her neutral rights, where they
were usesul to England ; it was clear, that i
i notwithetandiog this treaty, England could ,
ssnot respect such of these rights, as were to :
be exercmd in savor of France. lo the}
mean time the British government, as to ;
immediatezneasuree, acted with modera- ,
tion. T hey only adapted what has been si
an acknowledged French practice ; that '
-' is, they stopped the trade between one me- !
I my'e part and another (which was done by i
orders in council, dated on the second of
]an. 1807) after which they rested on their
arms, to observe the measures of the U. .
State: ; for the restoration of the full block
iude trow the Ems to the Elbe, which oc
curred in 1807, was the mere consequence
? of the return of Ptussia to French subjec.
tion. But the Berliu decree, we are to
ss remember, ected both by sea and by land;
ct and the British, who had severely lussered
by actual eeizurn on the contmmt, and by
' the necessity of stopping farther very ex.
si teosive ehipments which were actually pre.
pared for the um murder ." began, al'tersi
"inly waiting non; never: none:!"
Americu retnliatione, to proceed in reta
' lietienl of their own. Violence on the open
simu by order of Boneparte, deeme to hm
ss been held by the government of the United
States, u ami- meriting ib coneideration,
ss so: the hostility to the Brjtid: by Weeeuu
never to hath been enqun'ed mer; nd the
mere prohibition of entry to particular er.
tietee, end to venels _wbieh hsd touch.
ed in the British dumione, was called .
munieipel (or internal) regulstioa on the
; eide of France. 91: Novembesilsi 1, 1007,
[then?m- WYMWQ ween;
, . sssict. Kct, _
' w m Apfil "") ordered tbcsi
" "" of us; Em, Went, the, and
ss si to be mon tigorouzly blockuled,
"'Mrding ,to the lcknowtedged and allay.
ed angel of war in limilnr can." if we
adopc a conjecture (pnu-oniz'ed by Mr,
Mouroe, according to our publichqd docu
ments, and which carries with it its own
confirmacionfirwu in order torclievc Ame
rican ender"- lrom the esccu of a part of
' this real blockade, that Mr. For, in May
! 1806,conu-ivcd an cxtemive, but nominal
si blockade, attending from the Elbc to Breat,
' and th'en artsully narrowed the Operation of
'- it by a clause, whi'ch lest it only in force
si against enemy's property and contraband q/
war ; so that, unless between Osccnd and
The Engiish upon this renewed provoca
sidm in council on thh aabjece; which
reach down to'Mareh, "08.
1 " By the first and principal one, the
blockade of the enemy'a coalu; 'a deal::
ed univenal ; made in all articlea produced
by the enemy was forbidden; and consis
cadon was to follow the acceptance of cer
tificatea of origin, (tharia, cenisicacec re
quired by the enemy to prevent the con
cealment of Brissciah 'articles.) Such was
the general plan. But exceptiam of very
great moment were made, principally and
cvoctwedly tofavor the United States ; which
,we ahallrecapiculate nearly in the words
--used by Mr. Erakiouo our gOVemmenb.
'_ The intercourse of the United Scatea w
i the coloniea ofthe enemy ma left unce
3 strained ; the tranapultatipn at the produce
of these calonies from sithe Uniced- Smea
.(inacead of being prohibiced by a natural
recaliation) was freely permitted to the
I ports of GB-with the power afterwards 0!
transporting it to any port of Europe, under
such :! preceding duty," should prevent the
enemy from receiving his own Prodnce,at a
chenper rate than 6, 13. received hers ;(A
merica being able, as was said, amply to
indemnisy herself for the advance of the \
soreign consumer ;) and the importation of
all ﬂour, mea], grain, tobacco and other ar
ticlcs, produced by the Ameriean soil, was
permitted through British ports, into those'
of the enemy, without the payment of any
transit (or passage) duties. Cotton alone.
ei'all the Arncrican products was intended
to be taxed ; as being the raw material of
a manusacture which France had pushed
to a great extent ; but this tnx having bccn
objected to in Amcrica, it was ex-si-hangrtl
for a prohibition. All the tun upon the
other articles also, and the ceremony ol
acting under licenccs in the trade ning to
port used by the en: my in lurope,
Wer terwards equally abandoned. in
consequence ofa change of system. The
orders themselves, however, were not car
ried into execution when they were issued,
till a sufficient time was given to neutrals
to be acquainted with them, according to
the respective case- to which they relatr d.
Bona arte, previous to the date ot'thcse
orders (Emmely in Septsi 1807) having suffi
ciently ascertained the seelings of Europe
end of the Unitcd States respecting him
ss sclf and his Bcrlin decree ; resolved to 1
give full eﬀect to the decrce by sea, as wcll ]
Lsis by [end This, hotrcver, though a
measure calculated to excite some attention
, in the American gQVernment, still was not
a measure ofa nature to content Bonaparte.
Tne decree frotn Milan of Dec. 17, 1807,"
ss soon, therefore, followed, in rettnge for
the British orders in council of the preced
ing month; declaring that every veasel
Which submitted to be searched, or which
visited England, or paid a tax under the
orders mcouncil, was thereby dcsiationali
'Lt'd (or dis-ssonnected with its nation) and
being said thence to have become British,
was to be forscited ; that the British island:
were to be blackaded, not only by sea, but
by [and, that is, measures by land Were to
be tascn to render the blocltade, bath ways,
more effectual; intercourse between one
port of the Btitish dominions, or of its
connex'tuns, and another such port was for
bidden, under penalty of confiscation ; and
this decree, like the former, was to last
till the English should come to their senses;
being made void as to all neutrals who
should assert their right againsc Great Bri
tain. ]anuary 15, 1808, M. Champagny
was ordered to declare to the American
minister at Paris, that his master, Bona
parte considered war a: actually exiating
between England and me Umt-d Statea,
from the day on which England published
the above orders ; and that American ves
sels would continue to be acquestered in
France, until it was decided how the A
mericaugovernment stood diaposed un thin
occasion. On April 17, 1807, by the
Bayonne decree, American Vessels comin
into Fran'ce were ordered to be aeizul, be
cause acting contrary to the law: of their
country ; and furtiishing a preaumption
that they did to on British account, or in
Blltllh connexion. [a general, we may
add, that the Berlin, Milan, and Bayonnc
decreea have had their operation, only oc
easionally auopended in some partieulan;
and With a view, probably, from time to
time, to essntm Ameriean tradara to put
fresh property into the way ofleizure. ln
fact, so many Ameriean went]: and car
havc at int beanaeized in France and
no aubject countries, that the aequettered
operty hat arioen to a great mount ; and
tnelinea many to a atrunl- with England,
rather than with Bonaparte; the Engliah
having been too juat to poun- any cor
responding atake belonging to Anterica.
On the aid: of 0. B. mattere remained so:
gone timeyith little change,:xccpt aaþo the
conduct of in naral osicm & prize now;
the system of respect which then had a
.ÞM !!ka MZW WHP No: a 1
! thin period "daily increaaiqga At [ne .si' _
] 'aiteration of moment occurted in . bzﬂhﬂ'
quarter, in ,cooeeqtknce siof " dien; um,,
.: which aﬀected the relations between Great
Britain.& the territariee qs other yew", _.n
(that in Spain, Portugal. .Turltey, &c.) an
'alteretiou which'had ehteﬂy taken place
; since the orders of March, 1808 ; orden,
? which were connected with those of Nov.
i 11, "07. By an orderin council,ssdaud
t April 26, 1809, that of Nov. llth, 1307'.
and those connected with it, were all re.
' pealed; and' this branch of the reetrietive
. system of Great Britain was greatly-eimrnli
si fied. France. Holland, and the north of
' ltaly, with the soreign domination of the
two.!ormer, were declared; sin to usiade and
navigation, to be in such a nate, as would
) follow from an actucl bioekade; and my.
; age: to or from French and Dutc'lyeoloniu
3 were forbidden to neutrale. The time! for
s the Operation of the respective elauaee Were
! to be as indulgent here an in the case of the
i orders ; and no advantage was to he him
of those who ehould be found concerned in
! voyage: which were beforeyrehib'led, pro
f vided they were now allowed. -The prin
' eiples osthie change are understood to have
! been in general theee—to increne the
L weight of the retaliation agaimt thegovcm
ments most concerned in the estabiiehuteut
of the commercial restrietiona, end to les
sen it towards the other.; to enhrge the
market for colunial productions of France
and Hullnnd; to eecure to the U. 8. by m
addition to their trade in Europe, more
than a compentatioo set- what she might '
still further lenen; and to tuhetitute pro
hibitione sor taxcs and licences, al len
tending to give oﬀence. As to France and
her mure immediate connectione, it will be
observed that they had voluntan'ly renounc
ed part of the Amerimn tude by their own
lawe, and that they subjected much of the
reet to great liazards! and that the Ame
rican non-intercoune act aleo cut oﬀ much
of it; on as to lessen the difficultiee under
this head in a negociation with the Bri
tish.
. On Tuesday the Gch ult. the undermel- -
tioned Stockholders were elecced Director
os the office of Discount and Depocit,Wab
ingcon, from first Monday of March, leto,
until first Monday March, 1811, viz.
70)": P. Van Nut,
William Sluart,
Thomas 'I'in5ey,
Wel/iam Brent. -"?
ie was nddreued. che privilege of publish
ing the following:
Extract gf :: later from an Ancle" gu
tlmzn now recidiug' m Hambury, dat'ol
DfoMf 19, im
** lo comeqmco of musician. anew
tained by the French government, am a
good deal of British property In. high u
troduced It 'l'mningeu by memoﬂdoe
papen, In enquily bu beeainniM by
the Daniel: gove'mhnt, inw lb.: sut- -
The meum odopeed bythclmu. no,!d
Weiubeim instance, n Well!
munzsrmc. ss
The Edieor of the Federal Cnct'te ove
to the politencn of the gentleman to who
scb inn. join: P. ctVan Neu, was non}
mously re-elected Preeident.
\ IRsDdY, MARCH 9.
Extract ofa letter from agentlcmm in 60}.
tenburg, to lzisfricnd in lbisþlacesibu'd
16!!! Dec. 2809.
" lt is expected that peace is concluded
between this country and France, and that
Naþoleon the let, Auroc'nn' as the Weak,
demanded the deposed kingfimtal Adolph
the 4th, for the future security and peace of
the contineot, which it appear: the govern
ment has submitted to, ay the unfortunate
kingand snmily had arrived some day: since
at Caslscrona, to be conveyed from thence
acrou the Baltic."
And at a meeting ofche Director; on the
Manual Dafly Oaztm.
David Peter,
Walter Hel/m,
Ya/m Tayloe.
Elias B. Caidwcll,
Fame: Sandercon. \
Thomas Hsnrae, 'ct'}
Lcwi: chm's, . si;
joccp/z Nourse.
jamr: D. Bafry,
*
,.