Virginia Argus — Richmond, Va., 1810-06-29 00:00:00, page 1

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X\ lliin ye Ait. j A free press maintains The sovereignty of the people. , m •,
__ ^VMOUD .-1»MHTED Co. Tt^rpiT. and »■>.,day*,) by SAMUEL riKAbARTS, Jr.,o». Printer to the Co«o»w_t™ ' "
fFour Dollars Per Annum—Paid in Advance.] F R 1 DAT Y n v v oo . otnt ~ --
■ - - - __ ' 18‘0, [12 1-2 Cents Staple']
'^Estimation of the profits arising from the
use of OLIVER EVA.NS’s patent im*
provemcn'.s in the art of manufacturing
flour, 8cc.
THE machinery receives the grain from
the waggon or bag or vessel and car*
yi«s it through the whole process, making
all the meal into superfine flour at one
Operation finishing as it goes, without man*
uaI labour, making at least 23lbs, super*
**>e flour more out of every 5 bushels of
wh*at, than is made in the old way, gain*
fng the difference in price between super,
fine flour and so much m tilings, saving
. grain ond meal from being wasted, and
manufacturing as much In five days as the
mill could do in six days, without these
I
man and boy (in a mill manufacturing 20
barrels fl-ur per day) per year is g 400
-ft The difference in price between
' 28 lbs. superfine flour and midllogs
\ 8ay 43 lbs. on 20 blls. per day
) g 8 33 1.3, say 300 days, is 2500
They Java from beiug wasted
in grain and meal per day, say
S3 1.3d cts. is per year of 300
days 100
The mill gains one day per week,
42 weeks at 2 10 530
g 3520
To reduce each of the above items as
low as you can, then if interest is coun.
ted, it will shew how fast frugal millers
will insensibly grow rich by their use,
And that those who had discernment to
Avail themselves early of their great use
(both those who refuse to pay as well as
t'-.ose who generously paid for license)
have been growing rich by the use of the
improvements, while those who oustt.
nately persisted in opposition to their in*
troduction, have deprived themselves of
the benefits, their profits have been lessen,
ed in proportion as the oihers have
been increased, and will so continue as
long as they persist. The inreutor’s
demand for license to use the improve.
mcnts, is not one third part of Cue inter,
est of the profits that the milder may g’am
by them in fourteen years, as he kuow.-.
th*t no miller without them, can stand in
competition with another who has appli.
cd them so as to yield their lull bene,
fits—but it millers will (as they general,
ly have done) apply them so as not to
yield them more than one fourth part, he
is not to blame, he has given full di_
rections for the application in his null,
vrrights guide. He and his agents nave
travelled one hundred thousand miles tra.
versing the United States for 13 years, to
teach millwrights to build and millers to
apply and use those improvements and
have been derided and insulted by many,
while others more generous and enlighten*
ed have freely pa.d for license to use them,
and which defrayed the expenses, but tbe
time and labour would have been lost had
not Congress passed the act lor his relief.
It is clear that if he would, instead oflOU,
demand 500 dollars for a license, the price
would slid be reasonable, and tnnse who
would purchase at that price woi^ld gain
more by their use, as they would then have
fewer competitors, and the inventor would
receive more money with less trouble.
| l^rom these considerations he may be indu.
red to raise the price for the oenefit of
those who purchase; but it will not be
lowered. The price will be doubled at
least on every g«>od mill well situated, for
business after the 22d day of January,
3811—the inventor intends after the 22d
of January 1811, to publish again that af.
ter the 22d of January 1812, he will de.
maud the saving of wages and boarding
f'ir one year g 400 leaving the other profits
for 13 years in the hanos of the miller,
which will not be deemed unreasonable, no
more than 40 dollars was formerly, lie
will raise his demand on good mills to
make a distinct.on between tkuin and those
©f less value.
Now if any who would have remained
ignorant of those improvements had not
such extraordinary exertions been made
to make them knowr^ should use them,
and refuse to pay the inventor cne third
S part of the interest of the principal they
may gain, by his labours and improve.
\ me ills, will he not be justifiable in rece-v.
ing every cent of damages tluit die law whl
give him, from those he may he compel.eu
to sue i
OLIVER EVANS.
By h>3 agent
Capt. JOHN MOODY,
For the States of Virginia and
North Carolina.
I *” jFdulpvjlCi.^,
' 7C.sU*3>.I38J£J&,
y 1.AWYEAS.
S'JG.HTF/'**> ft 1* i.VMS, &c
A U.G NEATLY
4ivw Kxr-hnrrnuir.r »?r#rnn ay rtt
AHCiUij OFFICE.
) Bishop Madison’s
MAP OF VIRGINIA
frjjj GKN'UINK
M Patent Medicines
^■For bale at tiie A it c; us u.ricr..
■
bk: l-l- —■ ■jjjgfejj i ■ ■ |
AN ACT
Regulating the Post Office establish
ment.—Concluded from our last.
Sec. 29. And be it further enacted,
That if any posti^ster or other per
son authorised to receive the postage
of letters and packers shall neglect or
refuse to render his accounts, and pay
over to the postmaster general the
balance by him due at the end of eve’*
ry three months, it shall be k’ie duty
of the postmaster-general to cause a
suit to be commenced against the
person or persons so neglecting or
refusing: and if the postmaster-gene
ral shall not cause such suit to be
commenced with n six months, from
the end of every such three months,
the balances dii* from every such de
linquent shall he charged to and reco
verable from the Pos inaster-Gcneral.
That all su’ts which shall be hereafter
commenced tor the recovery cf debts
or balances due to the general-post
office, whether they appear by bond
or obligations made in the name of
he existing or any' preceding Post
master General, or otherwise, sh*ll
be instituted in the name of the ** Post
master General of the United States.”
That certified copies un ler the seal
ol the gener..i post office, of the ac
counts current of the several postmas
ters, after the same shall have bee
examined and adjusted at that office,
shall lie admitted a9 evidence in all
<uits hrouo-hr hi/ tlw* P/tu.n 11.—
neral for the recoveiy of balances or
debt due from postmasters, and ;n like
manner copies of such accouuts current
as are lodged in the office of the Re.
g:ster ot the Treasury, certified by
the Register under the seal of jiis
office, shall be admitted as evidence.
bee. t»0. And be it lurch-t emceed,
J That if any postmaster, or other per
|son, who shall receive, and open, or
j dispatch mails, shall neglect to ren
der accounts thereof for one month
d.er the time, and in the form and
! manner prescribed by law, and by the
Postmaster General’s instructions con
form able therewith, he shall forfeit
double the value of the postages which
shall have arisen at ttie same office in
any equal portion of time previous or
I subsequent thereto ; or in case no ac
count shall have been rendered at the!
time of trial of such case, then such!
sum as the court and jury shall esti
mate equivalent thereto, to be recover*
ed by the Postmaster General in an ac
tion on the case.
^ Sc. 31. And be it further enacted.
That all pecuniary penalties and for
feitures incurred under this act, shall
be one halt lor the use of the person
or persons inturming and prosecuting
tor the same, and the other half to tht
use of the Unite J States.
Sec. 32. And be it further enacted.
i A hat it shall he lawful for the postmas
j tcr»gen«ral to make provisiou, whtr.
it may be necessary, lor the receipt of
all letters and .packets intended to bt
conveyed by any snip or vessel beyond
sea, or from any port in the United
States to another port th-rein; and
the letters so received shall be formed
into a mail, sealed up and directed to
the pos'master of die port to whi.li
such ship or vessel shall be bound.
And tor every letter or packet so re
ceived, there shall be paid ,.t the time
of its reception, a postage ot one cent,
which shall be for the use of the post
masters respectively receiving the
same. And the postmaste'v.gsaeral
may make arrangements wi.h the post
mxsters in any foreign country,* lor
die reciprocal receipt and delivery of
letters and packets through the post
offices.
-Sec. .33. And be it further enacted,
f hat the postmasters and the persons
employed ir. the transportation of the
nail shall be exempt frnn militia do
ies, anti serving on juries, or any fine
■ r penalty for neglect thereof.
bee. 3.;, And be it further enacted.
r.:at leit- r carriers shall be employe*
it such post office* as the postmaste
general sha l direct, for the deliver*
}f letters in t ie pi ices rcspeclivci
where sue 1 post o'fices arc establisr
ed ; and f.»r ihe delivery of each sucl
etter t ie letter carrier may receivt
>1 the p rsmi, to who in the deliv rv i
made, two cents ; i*(v>iUcd, 1 i» «c ii«>
letter shall be delivered to sueh letter
carrier lor distribution, addressed to
any person who shall have lodged at
'he post office a written request that
his letters shall be detained in the of
fice. And for every letter lodged at
any post office, not to be carried by
post, but to be delivered at the
place where it is to be so lodged, the
postmaster shall receive one cent of
the person to whom it shall be deli
verer.
See. 35. Afid be it further enacted,
That all causes of action arising under
this act may be suej, and all offenders
against this act'may be prosecuted,
before the justices of the peace, ma
gistrates or other j udicial courts of the
screrd states and of the 9j?veral terri
tories of the United States, they hav
ing competent jurisdiction by the laws
of such states or territories, to thp
trial of claims and demands of as great
value, and ot the prosecutions .where
the punishments are of as great ex
tent; and such justices, magistrates or
ju liciary shall take cognizance there
of, and proceed to judgment and exe
cution as in other cases.
See. 36 And be it further enacted,
Tnat in all suits or causes arising un
der this act, the court shall proceed to
trial, and render judgment the first
term after such suit shall he com
menced : Provided always, that when
ever service of the process shall not
have been made twenty days at least
previous to the return day of such
term the defendant shall he entitled
co one continuance, if the court on the
statement of such defendant shall
judge, h expedient: Provided also,
that if the defendant in such suits shall
make affidavit that he has a claim a
gainst the general post office, not aL
lowed by the postmaster general, al
though submitted to him conformably
to the regulations of the post offi :e,
and shail specify such clum in the af
fidavit, and that he could not be pre
pared lor the trial at such term lor
.vant of evidence, the court in such
case being satisfied in those respects,
may grant a continuance until the next
succeeding term.
Sec. 37. And be it further enacted,
That it shall he the duty of the post
master general to report annuailv to
Congress every post road which shall
not, after the second year from its es
tablishment, have produced one third
of the expense of carrying the mail on
the same.
Sec. 38. And be it further enacted,
That there shall be allowed to the de
puty postmaster at the city, of Wash
mgtoo, for his extraordinary expen
ses, incurred in the discharge of the
duties of his office, an additional com
pensation, at the raie of one thousand
dollars per annum, to he paid out of
die funus ui the post office establish
ment.
Sec. 39. And be it further enacted,
1 hat the adjutant general of the mill
iiu ol each state and territory, shall
...tvc rigm to receive, by mail, free of
postage, irom auy major or brigadier
general thereof, and to transmit to said
generals, any letter or packet, relating
■♦ 'lely to the militia ot such state or
territory: Provided always, That e„
very s.ich officer before he delivers
any such letter or package for trans
missi >n, shall in his own proper hand
writing on the outside thereof, en
doise itie n ature of the papers enclos
ed, and thereto subscribe his name
and office, and shall previously furnish
the postmaster of trie office, where he
shall deposit the same, with a specie
men ot his signature: And if any
such otiicer shall frank any letter or
package in which shall be contained
.»ny trying relative to any subject other
than of the militia of such state or ter
ritory, every offender shall, on convic
tion of every such offence, forfeit and
pay a tine of fifty dollars.
Sec. AO. And be it further enacted,
Ihiat fro n and after the thirtieth day
»f Septem ><:r next ; whenever the |
annual emolu nents of any postmaster, !
ifter deduct! ig tnercfro.n the expen- •
Jitures incident to his o.fice, shall a- !
mum u more th in two thousand dol
«rs, the surplu» snail he accounted
or, and by nirn to be accounted for in
»e same m m ier an other monies ac
•ruing from the post o.fice esublisn.
nent.
Sec. 41. And be it further enacted,
Pha <*v ry deputy postmaster, the re
ceipt of wnose office exceeds one |
thousand dollars a year, shall, on thf
la»t day of September in each year,
transmit to the postmaster general of
the United States, a statemeut of the
expenses of the office under his dircc
j tion, of the number of clerks, with
I the time they have been severally em
ployed therein, and their respcctice
names and ages.
Sec. 42. And be it further enacted,
That from and after the first day of
June next, the second section of an
act, entitled « An act to establish the
post office and post roads within the
United States,” approved on the eighth
day of May, one thousand seven hun
, dred and ninety four, antj an act, enti
tled u An act to establish the post of
fice of the United States” approved
on the second day of March, one
thousand seven hundred and ninety
nine, and all other acts and parts of
acts heretofore passed for the regula
|tion and government of the general
I post office, and of the postm ister ge
neral and other officers and agents,
employed in said office, shall be, and
the same are hereby repealed .• Pro
vided, That an act, entitled “ An act
concerning public contracts,” approv
ed on the twenty first day of April,
one thousand eight hundred and eight,
shall be and remain in full force, and
no post road heretofore established,
shall be discontinued by this act. Pro
vided also, T.iat nothing herein con
tained shall be construed to exonerate
any person wno shall not have per
formed the dutv, or who shall have
violated any of the prohihit'ons con
tained in the said acts from suits or
mo IV# (Hi IJ’IU I3% tuU
tracts, debts, dsman Is, rig its, penaL
ties, punishments which have been
made, have arisen, or have been in
curred, or which shall be m ide, arise,
lor bt incurred previous to the first
; day of June next the said acts shall
i have the name forte and effect i»s
: though this act had not been made :
1 Provided likewise, Tnat the Postman
! ter Ge-ieiaf, assistant Po9tmaUer_Gc
i neral, deputy postmasters, contractor.1
| for carrying ttte mail, and others em
I ployed under the aforesaid acts, shall
I continue to hold their several offices,
appointments and trusts, until they
are otherwise removed ; any thing
herein contained that might he con
s rued to the contrary notwithstand
ing ; and also the bonds which they,
or either of them, have given or may
give for the laithful execution of their
several duties and offices, shall continue
to have the same force and effect, to
all intents and purposes, as though this
act had not been made.
J. B. VARNUM,
Speaker of the House of Repre
sentatives*
JOHII GAILLARD,
President of the Seuate, pro-ten?.
April 30, 1810.
Approved,
JAMES MADISON.
Prom the Lynchburgh Press.
A subscriber lately suggested the utili
ty that might result from a comparative
view of the expences and profits of rais
ing Ilotses and Sheep *.nd favoured us
with his calcula ion. It appears to be a
very reasonable estimate of charges, and
the comparative expences are, in our o.
pinion, very justly balanced *
Expences ol raising one Clolt, viz,
Find ng the mare one winter, in'
eluding loss of the use of her
and other expences. g 40 00
Finding the colt till 4 years old
at £ 30 per year, 12300
Amount £ 160 00
Risk of the life of the mare and
colt, during raising, is worth
the interest of the amount for
one year 9 «o
^Amount fc 160 00
Expences of keeping twenty Sneep four
years.
Feeding 20 sheep 4 years, at £ 2
a year each, IS 40 dolls, a yea ,
and 4 yeais is 260 dolls.
They will probably raise in the
time 80 li'.nbi, at 2 d ills. each.
wi„ch on'lit 'o he dedjct:d, 1*0 dolls.
They will produce annuaily. 30 dslE,
w .rth of wool, which will be a
nett g u » of ISO dolls
Hy tins calculation ft will appear, th*.
the horse When raised, mini srli imm
diately on risin j four years oid, f »r th.
sum of 169 d ilia. 69 to make the (arm*
whole for the expences of raising him -
And of course, if he should remain on
year on hard without profitable employ*
nrient, the whole expence of keeping *
f ill-grown horse a year, say 60 dolls,
must be added.
But the business of raising Sheep cal.
culated to the same amount of expence,
refunds the cost of feeding and leaves to
he farmer a nett profit of 120 dolls. To
which may be added the consideration of
continual increase, by keeping them to
any length of time* The advantage theft
m favor of raising sheep, rather than hor
ses is sufficiency proved by this es imate.
^nd the irreparable loss to individuals Sc
the community, which attend* the keep,
ing of idle horses, should lead tpen to
pursue a more rational course. It is un.
questionably true from the premises, that'
the expences for keeping one idle horse
lor an otdinary life time, say 20 years,
would be 20 limes 60 or 1200 dolls*-^
a sum sufficient to buy your son a heat
litlle farm, for ever lost. The same ex
pence employed lor the same term in
raising sheep would produce at least the
ame amount in absolute gain. The loss
a.tendan on keeping an idle horse, should
he added to Cie sum which wi h the san'e
money differently applied—that is 2400
dolls, more Then the tair conclu ion,
hat the compara’ive advantage of raising
sheep, rather than keeping one surplus
or unnecessary horse in 20 years is 3,600
dollars*
Philadelphia, June 23.
We every day learn, wi'h great satis*
lac ion, th<* astonishing progress of inter*
lal manufactures ; a progres,, which is
he more rema kable as nothing has yet
iecn d me by the government to foster
.hese sources of independence, wealth &
:omfort;
An exensive and valuaMc woollen
nanuia.'tory is about to be, or has alrea
y been, established at Hartfoid, (Con
ecticut,) which, it is probable., will be.
come one of the most perfect ?nd pro
.active establishments olthe kind, in ex.
.stence. I he cap; al already invested doex
exceed forty thousand dollars, but it
s to ^e g'sdually Increased accordirg to
' ie progress of the undertake g, to fitra
Hundred thousand dollars. Lieu, govern
>r VV m. Gray, of Massachusetts, .Joel
tarlo’.v esq. and other patriotic citizens,
ave inveved funds * in Uie capital, as
.artnerj. An English gentleman, oif the
very fi st abilities, has undertaken to be.
'°me ^le ac.ing partner, and from his long
xpeiience, activity, and knowledge cl ail
he various labor-saving mach.nery at
J re sent employed :n B itain, there is eve
y prospec ol the most toriuna e results
or the country at large, ar well as for
ihose immediately cone rned*
VY e understand lhat the company hav«
isceita:ned that a sufficient suppiy of
wool can be furnished to the full extern
of the demand.
1 fiis is perhaps a sui able opportunity to
mention, (hat we shall be gtea ly obliged
lor any communication respecting th.- p.o.
gress of manufadlures, wh ch it may be
in the power of any of their fiiencU to
turnish us from time to time. To p ocure
lie investment of abundant capi «i in ih s
branch of national industry, it is only ne.
;essary to make known the successes ol
he emerpi izing. Aurora.
hanks-We learn that Mr. Blodget, of
Washington city, recently ob'amcd a
complete and accuiate return of all the
uanks in the United States. On the 1st
«f April last, the number of hat ks waa
103, and of the branches 30, mak ng in
all 133. The nominal capital of the who’.s
oi these bunks exceeds fifty eigtil mtlli*
ons of dollars. ib
The Corpora'ion of the City of New
iork,havc passed an ordinance to prev nC
persons from driving what i» called tan
rlem,, through the streets of that city, and
ulso lot b'ddinp all persons riding or. hore
bnck, driving carts, waggons, too wheel
• nd four wheel carriages wiihin the Inn.
is of the ct.y, at the rate cf more t’.an
Rve miles the and to turn no corner
rxcep in a slow walk
At his Law & Miscellaneous Book
Store and Circulating Library,
f-I AS constantly on hand and for sale, on
1 A liberal ternn, a v-r7 extensive and
finable sssortnunt of I.AW ROCKS—
f^ong which are, Jacob’s Law Dictionary,
*:• London edition, Institutes*
trown’s Parliamentary Cases, William/
Vbriflirnient, Wcm worth’s Plead ngs, Chit*
V * ditto, H tie's Pleas of the Crown, H«r«
• ■♦on's Chancery, Comyn’s Di^esr, (’nek*
r’i Blnckstone, Anthon’s Analyi csl abr'dg*
oent of ditto, Modern, Dnrnford and Rast^
Julias, Over, Douglass, Harrow, Salkeld,
maunders, Sh-.wer«, Pcere W Ilians, Call,
Idling and Munford, and mo.t of the A*
• erican Reports —Holierts on Fraod and
-'raudulent Conveyancing, Sugden on V o*
,or», kc. kc. kc, May 43J, MlO.