Republican ledger, and Portsmouth price current — Portsmouth, N.H., 1803-04-05 00:00:00, page 2

3d. Communications relating to or em
bracing fubje&s of agriculture, domestic and
rural oeconomy & mechanics, so far as they
may be applied to any other of the above
fubje&s, or to manufactures.
4th. Speculative and experimental eflays
on any fubjed connected with agriculture
and domestic manufactures, or tending to
throw light on, or improve any particular
branch of either.
sth. The hiftory of the progress of agri
culture, from the firft settlement of each date
to the present time.
6th. The present staple articles of culti
vation, mode of culture, and average pro
duct, within certain described geographical
limits, with an account of the different spe
cies and varieties of such articles.
7th. Lifts and descriptions of implements
of hufbaudry now in use in various parts of
the United States, or in any particular date.
Bth. Lifts and descriptions of the different
trees, shrubs and plants, natural and exotic,
now growing in the United States, with ac
counts oftheir qualities, properties and uses ;
the probable benefit which would result from
introducing new described fubje&s of cub»
ture : and the method of railing, treating,
and improving plantations, orchards and
vineyards.
9th. Names and descriptions of the vari
ous kinds of grapes, natural and cultivated,
now used : with the method of railing curing
preserving, &c. in different parts of the Uni
ted States.
loth. State of inclofures and fencing.
Method, materials and cost of making and
railing them.
11. The best method of treating, and
schemes for improving exhausted foils.
12th. Analytical accounts of different
manures now used, or which may probably
be fuccefsfully introduced into the U.S. or a
ny part thereof, with the causes of their op
erations and effects, upon vegitables.
13th. Improvements which have taken
place, and schemes for improveing live dock
of every description ; and accounts of the
introduction and the changes any of the do
mestic animals have undergone.
14th. Plans for buildings of all kinds hav
ing any relation to husbandry or manufac
tures, or any braeh of either, with descrip
tions of the materials to be used in eroding
them and eftitnates of the estimates of the
expence.
15th. The best method of making and
improving roads and estimates of the expen
ces.
colled and distribute such ideas, eflays and
experiments, as would have a tendency to
improve the agricultural and economical ar
rangements of the nation, is equally demon
strable.
Institutions, in the nature of Societies, es
tablished in other countries, in which theo
ries and faffs relating to this important fub
je& are received, considered and divulged,
and from many of which great good has ri
sen, fbew to ns experimentally the advanta
ges we are to expedt from they establishments
of similar idlitutions here. Partial associa
tions of this kind have already taken place
in fume parts of the United States ; but the
field which they embrace, being relatively
circumscribed, and no channel of communi
cation and interchange having been hitherto
opened, a small portion of the community
only have derived advantage from their la
bours. A remedy to this inconvenience is
desirable—and a remedy is attempted.
Some gentlemen who are impressed with the
practicability of drawing the scattered light
on this fubjeH to a focus, and so directing it
as to give it a benignant influance, have laid
the foundation for eftablilhing a National
Board of Agriculture. Its progress and its
utility will depend on the ardour with which
the objects it points to are pursued; every
attempt of this fort will be abortive, every
effort nugatory, which is not supported by
the aid and co-operation of intelligent prac
tical agriculturists. The afliftance of these
in every part of the nation is solicited, as is
likewise the aid of such societies as have been
already established. Some of the most pro
minent objeCts, in the opinion of the board,
to which the views of those should be direc
ed who feel disposed to support and encour
age the views of the establishment, and on
which they feel most folicitious for early in
formation, arc the following :
ift. Details of the valuable improvements
which have taken place in machinery,imple
ments of husbandry and rural ceconomy in
general within the limits of each state.
2d. A lift and aCtual communication of
such publications as have taken place on this
fubje& in each state calenders, pamphlets,
speculative and practical essays &c. from the
earliest times.
Whatever will throw light on the hiftory
of the agriculture and manufadures of this
country ; whatever will have a tendency to
ameliorate the foil, increase the productions
and lessen labour, will be acceptable to the
society. The objects within the pale of this
institution are so numerous and diverfified,
that, in an invitation like the present, it will
be impoflible to designate each particular
2d. Specimens of such earths, foffils and
minerals, as may be used as manures, or
preservatives in any manner applicable to
cither of the above fubjeas.
3d. Models of implements of every dif
cription now in use, or which may be be
neficially applied in any of the branches of
agriculture or domestic manufactures.
A receptable for them will be provided so
soon as the convenience of the board will ad
mit ; in the mean time communications will
be received by any member of the commit
tee of correspondence.
Published by order of the American Board
of Agriculture.
ISAAC BRIGGS, Sec'rj.
WaJhingtsn, Feb. 22, 1803.
fubje& on which it is defiroUS Os informa
tion ; much therefore will be left to the dff
cretion of those who feel a disposition to pro
mote the views and intentions of the board,
by imparting the result of their reflection and
experience. . Towards those who may think
proper to communicate information, the ut
most delicacy and decorum will be observed ;
for whilst the the society reserves to itfelf
the right of making such (elections, and pro
mulgating such communications as seem to
be best calculated to promote the general
good it will carefully avoid inflicting a wound
on the feelings of any correspondent.
The establishment of an extensive agricul
tural mufeurn, is another object which
seems to promise advantage to the commu
nity ; a country such as the United States,
comprehending an extent of territory, a di
versity of foil, and a variery of productions
almost unequalled by any other, is peculiarly
adapted for commencing the experiment ot
collecting into one general repository speci
mens of whatever may be converted to the
ufeful purposes of man, under the operations
and industry of the husbandman and the
manufacturer ; whatever the bounty of na
ture has bellowed upon our country, or
whatever the ingenuity of man has contrived
applicable to the views of this institution,
might by right means be brought into such
a compass, as to exhibit to the eye, in one
view, the wonderful variety of fubjeds from
which all our necessary and habitual wants
are supplied. At the fame time that the cu
rious would be gratified in viewing a collec
tion so novel and so interesting, the more
ufeful classes of society, the husbandman and
manufacturer ; would derive the most ne
ceflary and ufeful inflro&ion from the fame
source. Agriculturalists of the north and of
the fouth, of the eall and of the weft, would
have an opportunity of meeting upon cen
tral ground and of judging of the propriety
of transplanting such vegetable productions
as might flourifh and become profitable in
the different quarters of the nation ; in a
great variety of inflances, a similarity of foil
and a favorablenefs of situation, would over
come the difficulties which a diversity of cli
mate frequently gives rife to. Manufac
tures of every description would behold a
variety of mechanism, many of the princi
ples of which would be applied to purposes
which the ideas and imagination of the in
ventors had never extended to. The bene
fits which would result from depositing mo
dels of ufeful implements in this mufeurn,
would be by no means exclusive to husband
men and manufactures ; on the contrary,
they would be reciprocal between the inven
tor and the ufor, for at the fame time that
the proposed repository would be accefiible
to all those who should be defnous of ad
ding to or improving their neceflary imple
ments and utensils an opportunity would be
afforded to the inventor of placing his mo
del in a point of view so conspicuous, as
would bring it to that test of experience
which would determine its merit and gene
ral utility.
Under impressions like these, the board
have determined to afford a place of deposit
for such specimens, delineations and models,
as may be connected with the general design
of the institution. The three following
heads will comprehend many of the fubjeds
to which they invite the attention and solicit
the aid of such ingenious petfons as may be
disposed to favor their eflablilhment.
ift. Preserved specimens of such rare
trees, shrubs and plants, or parts of them, as
are ufeful or as may be applyed to the pur
poses of agriculture or domestic manufac
tures.
COMMUNICATION & EXTRACTS
for the Ledger.
(Continued from our lafl.)
Now as to government we look upon it
as a very just reproach, though we cannot
agree where to fix it, that there fliould be so
much violence and hatred in religious mat
ters among men who agree in all Funda
mentals, and only differ in some cerimonies
or, at most, mere speculative points. Yet
is not this freequently the case between con
tending parties in a State ? For inftaace ; do
not the generality among us ptofefs to agree
in the fame fundamentals, their love for the
constitution &c. Their affe&ion to religion
established, with toleration ? Nay, some
times they go farther, and pass over into
each other's principles ; the Whigs become
great affeftors of the government, and the
Tories of the people's liberty ; those crying
down the whole Clergy and these defending
them ; so that the differences fairly Rated
would be much of a fort with those of Reli
gion among us, and amount to little more
itan,wboJball be in ? And what is that to the
body of the nation, but a mere speculative
point ? Yet I think it must be allowed, that
no religious Se& ever carried their Aversion,
for each other to greater heights than our
State-Parties have done, who, the more to
inflame their passions, have mixed religious
civil animosities together.
He does not think Religion so narrowly
calculated, that it cannot fall in with any
regular species of government ; nor does he
think any one regular species of Govern
ment more acceptable to God than another.
The three generally received in the Schools
have all of them their several perfections,
and are fubjed to their several depravation.
However, tew States are ruined by any de
led in their Institution, but generally by the
corruption of manners, against which the
best inflitution is no long security, and with
out which a very ill one may subsist and
flourifh : Whereof there are two pregnent
instances now in Europe. The firft is the
Ariflocracy of Venice, which, founded upon
the wisest Maxims, and digested by a great
length of time, ihath in our age admitted so
many abuses through the degeneracy of the
Nobles, that the period of its duration ap
proaches. The other was the united repub
licks of the States-General, where a vein of
Temperance, luduftry, Parsimony, and a
public Spirit, running thro' the whole body
of the people, had preserved an infant com
monwealth of an untimely birth and sick
ly confttution, for near two hundred years,
through so many dangers and difficulties, as
a much more jiealtby one could never have
struggled against without those advantages.
Where security of person and property
are preserved by laws, which none but the
whole can repeal, there the great ends of gov
ernment are provided for, whether the ad
miniilration be in the hands of one, or many.
Where any one person or body of men, who
do not represent the whole, seize into their
hands the power in the last resort, there is
properly no longer a gover't, but what^r^o
tie and his followers call the the abuse and
corruption of one. This dftindion excludes
Arbitrary power in whatever numbers ;
which notwithstanding all that monarchies
have said to its advantage, I look npon as a
greater evil than anarchy itfelf, as mnch as a
Savage is a happier State of life than a Slave
at the Oar.
It is reckoned ill manners, as well as un
reasonable, for men to quarrel upon differ
ence in opinion ; because that is usually sup
posed to be a thing which no man can help
in himfelf ; which however I do not con
ceive to be an universal infallible Maxim,
except in those cases where the queflion is
pretty equally disputed among the learned
and the wife ; where it is otherwise, a man
of tolerable Reason, small experience, and
willing to be intruded, may apprehend he is got
into a wrong Opinion, though the whole course
of his mind and inclination would persuade him
to believe it true; he may be convinced that he
is in an error, though he does not fee where it lies
by the bad effects of it in the common conduft of
his life, and by observing those persons, for whose
wisdom and goodness he has the greatest defer
ence, to be of a contrary sentiment. According to
Hobbes's comparison of reaJoning with casting %
accounts,whoever finds a mistake in the sum total,
niuft allow himfelf out,though after repeated trials
the may not fee in which article he has mifreckon
ed. I will instance in one opinion, which 1 look
upon every man obliged in confeience to quit, or
in prudence to conceal ; I mean, that whoever
argues in defence of absolute power in a single
person, though he offers the old plausible plea,
that it is his opinion, which he cannot help, unless
he be convinced, ought in all free States to be
treated as the common enemy of mankind.
Among other arguments made use of in praise
of monarchy, and jollification of absolute obedi
ence to a King, there seemed to be one of a lin
gular nature : It was urged that Heaven was gov
erned by a monarch, who had none to controul
his power but was absolutely obeyed: Then it
followed that earthly governments were the more
perfect, the nearer they imitated that in Heaven,
All which I iooke upon as the strongest arguments
against despotic power that ever was offer'd : since
no reason can possibly be assigned, why it is best
for the world that God Almighty hath such a
power, which doth not direaiy prove that no
mortal man should ever have the like.
(Omitted last week.)
From the National Intelligencer.
Letter from Mr. Pichon, Charge des Affairs of the
F. R, to the Gov. of his Catholic Majefly in Loui
siana.
(Communicated to the Secretary of State )
Georgetown, near Washington City,
nth March, 1800.
Sir?
The Marquis d' Yrujo has communicated
to me the contents of the difpatches,which he
has just received from your Excellency, and
from Intendant of his Catholic Majesty in
the province under your comand, in answer
to thole which he wrote to you in relation to
the late fufpenlion of deposit conceded to the
United States at New Orleans.
The Marquis d'Yrujo finds himfelf necessi
tated, again to remonstrate to your Excellcn-
cy on that fubjed. I avail myfeif of the
opportunity, to beg of you, Sir, in the name
of the French government, whose interefla
are implicated in this case; maturely to con
fider the alarming confequenccs which may
result, if the Intendant should persist in his
measures. The intelligence which has been
transmitted to the Marquis d' Yrujo has, at
last, made it appear indubitable that the
measure alluded to was exclufivcly grounds
ed on the personal opinions of this officer ;
and supported by no order from his Catholic
Majesty, or any intimation from the French
goverment. This information, while it
screens from suspicion the dispositions of \
both governments, and lays intirely on the
Intendant the confequenccs of the present
state of things, does not however remove the
apprehensions which that state is calculated
to excite. These advices,Sir,give an addition
al force to the remonstrances, which, tor
my part, and in the anticipated convidion
which I entertained that these measures had
a cause merely local, I had no hesitations
lately, to addrtfs to the authorities, hourly
expeded, cf the French Republic at New
Orleans, under cover to the Intendant. So
pressing are the circumstances, that I deem it
my duty to renew these remonstrances, and
to intreat your Excellency to exert your fup
eriorauthority, to prevent the consequences
which the-prolongation of the present order'
of things may produce.
It will not escape your notice that|France "
now being notoriously the proprietor of Lou+
ifiana, and the authorities of his Catholic
Majesty exercising in this colony, at present,
only an entermediary power, any measure
having a tendency to commit France, ori
whom the odium and the confequenccs of
what has been done visibly fail, ought, were
its justice and its lawfulnefs doubtful only
to be suspended ; otherwise French may find
herfelf committed, and her relations with
the United States materially changed with
out her consent. I enter into no farther de
tails with your Excellency, being farisfied 1
that they would be fuperfluous ; your Excel
lency will be aware that the present is a most
critical moment. In the collision of two
authorities, one of which undertakes to im
iate a coftruaion of treaties,which may lead
to war, it fortunately happens, that the par
amount authority, which is eminently en
trusted with the preservation and fafety of
the colony, is of an opinion calculated to
maintain peace. In such an alternative, Sir
your Excellency ought to hesitate no longer
in using your powers to preserve this peace.
If it should be disturbed, the responsibility «
of the event must inevitably lie on your ex
cellency. His catholic Majesty, whois iffTU
some measure guarantee to France for Lou-'
ifiany, until France shall have occupied it
would have to blame you for not having ta
ken the measures neceflary to fulfil that guar
antee towards his ally.
The contents of this letter, Sir, willl am
confident, be fully jollified to your Excel
lency by the exiting circumstances, which
the Marquis d'Yrujo in behalf of _bis court
will doubtless make known to you more par
ticularly. It only remains for me therefore
to pray your Excellency to accept the assur
ance of my refpe& and high ccniideration.
Signed
L. A. PICHON.
His Excellency the Governor of,
his Catholic Majesty in the
province of Louisiana.
in the ship Richmond, on the 9th instant.
There is reason to believe that the rights
and interests of this country will be fucceff
fully vindicated and ably promoted by our <
envoy to France and Spain. His intimate
knowledge of whatever relates to the fub
je& on which he is lent, the industry and
fidelity with which he invariably difeharges
every duty assigned him by his country, the.
uniform sentiments which he has ever enter-'
tained refpeaing the Mississippi, and the
zeal with which he is animated on a fubjeft
worthy of his talents and his best exertions,
unite to render him one of the fitteft, if not
the fitteft individual, that could have been
feleaed for the purpose. When, too, it ia
considered that the objeas of our govern
ment are fair and honorable, founded on
rights, and such as we must obtain ;and that
they are also such as it is no less the interest
thanfohe duty of other nations to yield ; we
can entertain but little doubt of the fucceff-'
ful issue of the mission.—The infraction of
our rights on the Mississippi has certainly
arisen either from the unauthorised a&s ofl
Subordinate agents, or from a mistaken lenfe 1
of interest on the part of the principals. The
new fa&s, every day presented, offer the
highest prtfumptive proofs of the former,
aud it would seem to require a degree of 1
fcepticifm bordering on lunaev not to yield |
to the clear and decided evidence contained
in the Spanish Minister's letter to the Secre
tary of State inserted in our last paper, and
to the corroborating and additional evidence
furnifhed in the letter of Mr. Pichon, insert
ed this day. But granting that it is possible
(and surely this is all that can be rationally
asked or ceded) —granting that it is poffiable
that these solemn and official declarations
Mr. Munroe failed from New-York,