The American herald of liberty — Exeter, N.H., 1794-03-25 00:00:00, page 1

tions.
It now happen* that by entirely chang
ing the genius of her government, which
France has done for herfeif, this neutrality,
which neither war could accomplish nor
treaties secure, arises naturally of itfelf,
and becomes the*ground upon which the
war should terminate. It is the thing that
approaches the nearest, of all others, to
^hat ought to be the political views of all
the European powers ; and there is noth
ing that can so effedually secure this neu
trality, as that the genius of the French
government should be different from the
rest of Europe.
ing meeting of the Congrefsof the United
States of America, “to fend Commiflion
ers to Europe to confer with the Ministers
of all the neutral powers, for the purpose
.of negotiating preliminaries of peace,” i
addrefa this letter to you on that fubjeft,
and on the several matters conn est cd there
with.
Os the ft ate of Europe prior to the
French Revolution *
The clamors continually raised in all
the countries of Europe were, that the
family of the Bourbons was become too
powerful j that the intrigues of the court of
France endangered the peace of Europe.
Austria saw, with a jealous eye, the con
nexion of France with Prussia ; and Prussia,
In her turn, became jealous of the con
nexion of France with Austria ; England
had wafted millions, unfuccefsfully, in at
tempting to prevent the family compact
with Spain i Russia disliked the alliance
between France and Turkey i and Tur
key became apprehensive of the inclination
of France toward an alliance with Russia.
Sometimes the quadruple alliance alarmed
some of the powers* and at other times a
contrary system alarmed others, and in all
those cases, the charge was always made
•gain ft the intrigues of the Bourbons.
Admitting those matters to be true* the
only thing that could have quieted the
apprehensions of those powers with refped
to the interference of France, would have
been her entire NEUTRALITY in Eu»
rope; but this was impossible to be obtain
ed, or if obtained, was impossible to be
secured; because the genius of her govern
ment was repugnant of all such reftric-
In order to discuss this fubjeft thro* all its
circumflances, it will be necessary to take
a review of the state of Europe, prior to the
French revolution. It will from thence
appear, that the powers leagued against
France are fighting to attain an objeft
Which, were it poflible to be attained,
would be injurious to themselves.
This is not an uncommon error in the
hiftory of wars and governments, of which
the conduft of the Englilh government in
the war against America is a striking in
fiance. She commenced the war for the
avowed purpose of subjugating America ;
and after wafting upwards of one hundred
millions llerling, and then abandoning the
objeft, the discovered in the course of three
or four years, that the prosperity of En
gland was increasing, instead of being di
minifhed,by the independence of America.
In Ihort, every circumstance is pregnant
with some natural effeft, upon which in
tentions and opinions have co influence ;
and the political error lies in misjudging
what the effeft will be. England misjudg
ed it in the American war, and the rea
sons 1 shall now offer, will shew, that she
misjudges it in the prefect war.—ln dis
cussing this fubjeft, I leave out of the ques
tion every thing refpefting forms and sys
tems of government; for, as all the govern
ments of Europe differ from each other,
there is no reason that the government of
France Ihould not differ from the rest.
^ht following interefling address, from a ci
tizen of America to the citizens of Europe,
ivas publi/hed in Paris, at the Englijh
press y in Oft oh er I aft, andfuppofedto have
been re-printed in London, (hortly after.
UNDERSTANDING that a proposal
. ij intended to be made at the enfu-
[Volume VIIL
American Herald of Liberty.
EXETER ( New-Hampfh ire) Printed and Published by Sterns and Winslow, in Main-Street > at 6/8 per annum.
The two great maritime powers are
England and France. Destroy either of
ihofe, and the ballanee of naval power is
destroyed.——The whole world of com
merce that passes on the ocean, would then
lie at the mercy of the other. And the
ports of any nation in Europe, might be
blocked up.
The geographical situation of those two
maritime powers comes next under con
,fideration. Each of them occupies one en
tire fide of the channel, from the straits of
To understand this part of the fubj< ft,
it is necefTary, in the fir ft place/to cast an
eye over the map of Europe, and observe
the geographical Situation of the several
parts of the confederacy} for, however
strongly the passionate polities cf the mo
ment may operate, the politics that arise
from geographical situation, are the most
certain, and will in all cases finally pre
vail-
The world has been long amnfed, with
what is called the “ balance of power.
But it is not upon arms only, that this bal
ance depends. Arms have but a small cir
cle of aftion.
Their progress is flow and limited.—
But when we take maritime power into
the calculation, the scale extends univer
(ally. It comprehends all the interest
connected with commerce.
But if their objeft is to restore the Bour
bons and monarchy together, they will
unavoidably restore with it all the evils of
which they have complained ; and thefirft
question of discord will be, whose ally is
that monarchy to be ?
Will England agree p the refloration of
the family comp^ft, against which she has
been fighting and (cheming ever since it
existed I Will Pruflia agree to restore the
alliance between France and Austria ; or
will Austria agree to bellow the former
connexion between France and Pruflia,
formed on purpose to oppose to herfelf ; or
will Spain or Ruflla, or any of the mari
time powers, agree that France should be
allied to England ? In fine, will any of the
powers agree to flrengthen the hands of the
other against itfelf ? Yet all these cases in
volve themselves in the original question of
the restoration of the Bourbons: and on the
other hand, all of them disappear, by the
neutrality of France.
Twill now, independently of the im
praftibility of a partition projeft, trace out
some of the embarn Aments that will arise
among the confederated parties i for it is
contrary to the interest of a majority of
them that such a projeft Ihould suc
ceed.
But, however the projeft of a partition
may at firft blind the eyes of tht vcon;edera
cy, or however each of them may hope to
outwit the other in the progress or in
the end, the embarrassments that will arise,
are insurmountable. But were even the
objeft attainable, it would not be of that
general advantage to the parties, as the
neutrality of France, which Colts them
nothing; and to obtain which, they would
formerly have gone to war.
If their objeft is not to restore theß urbons,
it mull be the imprafticable projeft of a
partition of the country. The Bourbons
will then be out of the question, or more
properly speaking, they will be put in a
worse condition : for as the preservation of
the Bourbons made a part of the fi rft objeft,
the extirpation of them makes a part of the
second. Their pretended friends will then
become interested in their deftrufticn, be
cause it is favorable to the pu.pofe of par
tition, that hone of the nominal claimants
should be left in existence.
In the firft place, the confederacy is not
of that kind pat forms itfelf originally by
concert and consent. It has been forced to
gether by chance. An heterogeneous mass,
held only by the accident of the moment,
and the instant that accident ceases to ope
rate, the parties will retire to their former
rivalftiips.
Os the present state of Europe and
the Confederacy.
TUESDAY, March 25, 1794.
THE Trees must be bored with a
Breftbit of about half an inch diame
ter or feme larger. A Spout must be gently
drove in, after taking eff the outside of the
DIRECTION HOWTO MAKE SUGAR
FROM MAPLE JUICE OR SAP r
{Communicated io the Holt, Agricultu
ral SociBTY in MaJJachufetts.]
Dover and Calais, to the opening into the
Atlantic. The commerce of all the north
ern nations from Holland to Russia,
must pals the Straits of Dover and Calais,
and along the channel, to arrive at the
Atlantic.
This being the case, the systematical
politics of all the nations northward of the
Straits of Dover and Calais, can be afeer
tained from their geographical fi cation ;
for it is necessary to the fafety of their
commerce, that the two sides of the chan
nel, either in whole or in part, should not
be in poffeflicn, either of England or of
France. While one nation pofTefTcs the
whole of one fide, and the other nation
the whole of the other fide, the northern
nations cannot help feeing that in any situ
ation of things, their commerce will al
ways find protection on one fide or the
other. It may sometimes be that of En
gland, and sometimes that of France.
Again, while the Englilh navy contin
ues in its present condition, it is necessary,
that another navy should exist, to controul
the universal sway. the former would other,
wife have over twe commerce of all na
tions. France is the cnly nation in Eu
rope, where this balance can re placed.—
The navies of the north,were they fufheient
ly powerful, could not be fufnciently o
perative. They are blocked up by the
ice fix months in the year. Spain lies too
remote ; besides which, it is only for the
fake of her American mines, that she keeps
up a navy.
Applying these cases to the projeft of
a partition of France, it will appear, that
the projeft involves with it a deftruftion of
the balance of maritime power ; because it
is only by keeping France entire and in
divisible, that the balance can be kept up.
This is a case that at firft fight, lies remote
and almost hidden. But it interests all
the maritime and commercial nations of
Europe, in as great a degree as any case
that has ever come before them—ln Ihort,
it is with war, as it is with law : In law,
the firft merits of the case, become loft in
the multiplicity of arguments; and in war,
they become loft in the variety of events.
New objefts arise, that take the lead of all
that went before, and every thing aflumes
a new alpeft* This was the case in the
last great confederacy, in what is called
the fucctflion-war, and meft probably will
be the case in the present.
A citizen of tie
United States of America.
I have now thrown together such thoughts
as occurred to me, on the several fubjefts
connefted with the confederacy against
France, and interwoven with the interest
cf the neutral powers. Should a conference
of the neutral powers take place, these ob
servations will, at least, serve to generate
others. The whole matter will then un
dergo a more cxtenfive investigation than
it is in my power to give ; and the evils
attending upon either of the projefts, that
of restoring the Bourbons, or of.,aitempt ng
a partition of France, will have the calm
opportunity of being fully discussed.
- Op the part of England, it is very ex
traordinary, that fhefliould have engaged
in a former confederacy, and a long - and
expcnfive war, to prevent ths family com
paft, and noW engage in another confede
racy, lo preserve it. And on the part of
the ether powers, it is as inconsistent, that
they ihould engage in a partition projeft,
which, could it be executed, would im
mediately destroy .the balance of maritime
power in Europe, and would, probably,
procure a feccnd war, to remedy the po
litical errors of the firft.
berk or rofs to prevent its injuring rhfe
spout, which is to convey the juice out of
the tree, that it may drop into a vcflel or
trough to receive it. We commonly make
choice of white-alh,or white-pine for mak
ing troughs— on account of that timber
being free from all stain ; and the greatest
care should be taken to make choice of
Timber that will not communicate any
stain to the sap or juice—When the juice
is stained the stain will encreafe.in be iling ;
it hath often been experienced in making
use ol Chefnut timber for Troughs. The
sap will receive such a stain from it, that
when boiled down into sugar, will be quite
as dark a colour as Weft-1 ndia Molafles ;
but after such troughs have been used
one year, they cease from giving such
stain, and will answer a very good purpose;
We often use them when white ash or
white pine candot be obtained. The sap
ought to be bciied in brass or copper—We
make use of iron kettles in boiling, but iron
often itains the liquor, the canfcquence
wilt be to make the sugar dark coloured;
some kettles much more so than <ther -—
There is another dilzdvantage in using iron
kettles, which is, when they are much
heated, the small particles, thrown on the
sides of the kettles will be destroyed by the
great heat of the iron.
We commonly boil down the sap to half
the quantity or more ; then fill it up
as full as it will boil without boiling over,
and so continue to do three or four times,
until the liquor becomes sweet ; and then
boil it down into Syrup, then flrain it into
a vessel where it may stand and fettle, at
the bottom. We many times when the
sap runs faft, keep on boiling the sap into
Syrup, until we may, by that means, save the
sap from wafting or souring, which it
soon will do it the weather be warm-—in
cool weather it will hot four so soon, but
the sap Ihould be collefted, boiled and
lecured, as soon as may be, then we Ihall
be ready for more, when it runs.
When we have lecured the sap, then we
take the Syrup after fcourirg the kettles
clean ; carefully pour it in and by all means
leave all the sediment behind—the lyrup
will then be in good order to be boiled
down into Sugar ; which must be pm o
ver a moderate fire. Great care is to be
taken to prevent its boiling over, which
may be done by having a small paddle to
stir it, when it rises near the top of the
kettle : By ftining it br fkly it will fettle,
and may with ease be kept from running
over.—When it gets to be almost Sugar, it
wil fettle down with its own accord ; then
great care Ihould be taken hat no blaze
be under the kettle, and the coals Ihould
not be overhot, othewife there is great dan
ger of burning it—it may be boiled down
until it will be dry sugar, when cold ; to
know when it is boiled enough, it may be
dropped in small drops from the paddle
you stir it with, on cold iron that is dry,
which will cool quick, and when cold will
be hard and break like rofin—alfoby hold
ing the paddle when dipt in the Sugar over
the kettles to drop it, there will follow a
small hair from the dropping..—then it must
be taken from the fire and cooled, and not
flirted but very little until it is almost cool
—for if stirred much when.granulating, it
will cause the grain to be fine, but after it
is almost cold, should be stirred and the
lumps broken until it is dry*
The feditnent left after pouring oft the
Syrup, may be taken and a quantity of
the juice or sap, and Air it together j than
But we generally think it is a much bet
ter method to take it eft' the fire sooner,
while the sugar is foft—as soon as it will
cleave from the cold iron without trouble,
or leaving any of it adhering to it—then
turn it into a vessel, then at a convenient
time drain the Molasses from r ; which
may be done either by boring a hole in the
bottom of the vessel, or turning it npfide
downwards, over feme hing to receive the
Molasses, which will be very fine and good
—Sugar thus made and the Molasses well
drained oft, will be fit to be set on a gen
tleman’s table for alfnoft any use.
[Number 38*