The New York packet, and the American advertiser — New York [N.Y.], 1776-05-09 00:00:00, page 3

in England, considering the Cownefs of the eva-.
rotation in that climate, and the ivavy rains I
that often tall, propolis to have covers of turn 1
boards, or canvas painted white nod Wretched I
fAI fr^ to cover the fQ ,ta it^
and when the Jan fltines toraife than on hinge
Q pete^u^, tenting go „^
with , (; f e b^ween their bottom and t^
ground, ofa $* wide, for the air to ^
means of which, and the re^n of
fun, a Brang evaporation mull take place. A hen
tuQ covet tec fall pus with chile boards or
ca^is to keep oil the rain, they alley llop the
podges to than, to prevent the Tarn water
^i^ may tail in .the o;her receptacles from
putting into fhem, and it a heavy ram Should
fJI, so as to raider the,'ater in the recepta
weaker th :n sea water, it may be belt to draw it
0% othetwife not. Thole who are acquainted
w sh the exceeding quick evaporation ot water
in our Summer months, elp^guliy in the miiuMe
J U Southern. colonies, will judge whether the
swantage of such addition I imthmcry, w;ll
rY „ r ,fc the expence. It a fortnight's KU
fonable weather is Efficient in France to
fupplv that large kingdom with faitTOr its^wn
consumption, and as much more tot exportau-.
on, we can hardly doubt whether the' United 0 '
"Colonies can produce their own halt, by the ip,-
tur il evaporation of the tun and air.
In Some climates where the natural evapora
tion is not a Sufficient over-lull nee for the #@ms/ •
that fall, they produce their Alt ^y boiling the,
water, and thi&.is called white-salt, or boiled .
fait. The apparatus for thi^procefs is expen
sive, and the consumption ot tuel great, and,
without Skill in the operation, the hilt .produced
is much inferior to bay fait, as it will not he so
strong, and will retain a certain -cafcanous ot
limev earth, very prejudicial tomeat, and alfoa.
certain liquor called bittern; both which, rhe
Dr. faith, are in a good measure avoided in the
natural process <)f making bay Salt- Ihe de,
sign of this publication being to.promote the
making bay fdt, no particular description js
given of the in iking .white or boiled salt. Per
haps it may be bell to profecutc both methods;
bur the preparation for boiling salt being so
much greater, it may.be best. to begin with
ranking bay fait, as it comes within the Compal's
of more peoples ability.
The making falt.in America has been an ob- .
jec? of attention to many performs, in Britain.tor
a long while part, arifiny from the favourable--
nefs of our dimate to the operation,^ It has...
been too Icugnegle&ed, from a prevailing drt
oofoion in tha Americans to manufacture no
thing among them Selves, which could be im
ported from abroad : But it is now rcafonably to
be exposed, that the neceffity-of America will
induce the inhabitants, among many other ufc
ful manut&ies, to efUblilh that essential nite.,
bf making into salt the sea water that waffies.-
their Shores. ^ % b^v-^Tf ..
- ___— —-^——-
Oofervations on Gunpowder. From the Afts.^
of Copenhagen.
SPREAD some grains of gunpowder 0n..0r:
piece of white paper, and set fire to them „
if the powder goes oft in a rapid blazQ if the-rc= ,
port is brisk, and it after inflammation there re,
mains nothing on the paper, the powder m^y
be reckoned as very good ; but-if it is flow in
taking file, if if leaves fame white .grains on the
paper, it is a lure sign that itis bad, and that
the proportion of nitre, charcoal, and fulphur is
no' as it ought to be. „.-
Ifit should be necessary to ath, the different
degrees of the force of several forts of powder,
then the internments calculated for this purpole.,,
are very commodious..
There are two kinds of these proof inffru,
ments. In both, the force of the. powder, is
measured by the quantity of motion impressed
on an obflacle. In one of them, the obstacle
is raised perpendicularly; in the other, it is
suspended, and describes some Segments of a
circle; and the; instrument is graduated tor the
convenicncy of observation. The powder that,
makes a-givm'ob'dacle^run a greater number
of degrees, is the llronged. The quantity of
powder must be the fame on both sides, and ge
nerally all things equal.
Nmwithftanding all precautions and exafr.
nefs, th s proofis not always' decisive, for it of-.
ten happens that the fame powder, and in the .
fame quantity, makes the fame obfhcle run o
ver unequal spaces ; v but as. the .error, is the
result of a want of ex^lhefs 'in "the combination
of the materials that enter the composition of
the powder, it ought not to be imputed to,hrf>
instrument, which probably would be very ^^
if the powder was ntmufigured,,4 P thifbefy
manner. The inftument Should be cleatie&it,
every explosion; $d dry weather .is mo£,fa-^
vourable for th&experimeht.„
It is very remarkable, that if a cannon is ^
chargel with powder of unequal force, and tlfe
bed fort put in firft, the ball will be driven much
farther than if the charge had-bcen entirely ?of,ty
the belt powder.
Extract from GOVERNOR jOIIN
STONE'S Speech, in the House of Com
mons, October 26, 177,.
YTOUR navy is equally incapable of effeA-
Y ing the purpyfes which ate expelled from
it. It may ruin their foreign trade ;it may dc
ftroy some of their tqwns (though that is doubt
ful) but the lying in their rivers; as some sup
pose, without afuperior military- force to pro
tea them on fhorc; I fay, as a sea officer, if
the war is thoroughly kindled, thenh'mg is im
poffihle. We are apt to judge from what hap
pened at Quebec, where the, French, never re
markable for naval enterprize, though naturally
brave, quitted their fire-raft, -and left it to the
chance of the flream, or to be towed off by
boats ; but this I maintain, that any fleet lying
in a river, where they cannot comm.nd the
Snore, that inch fleet is liable to be burnt if the
people are willing, in tLt enterprize, tb run
tfc lame rifq ic ot lire and danger to which the
ciew us the mips are exposed, 1 mean b) Hick
in? by the fire vellel, whatever the may be, till,
by wind and stream they lay the enemy athwart
baulk; and who cap doubt that the, people
in'America are capable of such exertions,
of courage when we fee them retufe quar
ter, When'we find them devoting themselves to
death with such emhuliaini. Another cireum
itanee respecting Blips is ript generally known.
"The wonders they have hitherto performed have
been owing to the ignorance ot engineers in
placing their batteries ; But Tam afraid the Se
cret is now out as to i.-,eir .power against thy.
Chore, without a military force to aiihl them ; a
tingle grin in a reri ed situation, or on gn enfl
; nence." or a tingle, howitzer, will dislodge atidl
' fate man of war, and may burn her, to add to
the disgrace. I. Speak phis publicly, that you
inhy'not expe/ft^ more from the sea Service than
it is capable to perform. Ruin their trade you
certainty may, but at an expense as ruinous to
'this country. Has any of the,)luplby.consider-/,
'ed the ' immense expence of then nav.il arma- °
A pleats ,in the- coatis ot America, in tranqxim<
qn.l Ihips of war? Have we calculated the choice
of destruction by thole horrid Dreams of wind
^peculiar to that coa.il, that fomrtnnes-fweep all
-before them ? Where are thewefourceson which :
this.country can detrend in case our empire in
' Ani,icd is loft? Ido not fay you will teelfhe.
. a'ttadwintage immxliateiv, I know the various
rs channels to which commerce and industry
% mv diver; their dreams; lam also certain that
die wants of America mull be (applied in Some
,puy or other with certain goods frpm Great--
Britain^ I farther know, that a nation can only
trade textile extent of its capital, and in eaSebhe
.vent. is. cut off, it will probably find another,
while its ramufidurcs a e .cheaper kind better
-than tho e of other nations. . 1. believe such to
j be the case with many branches of our.manu
fa£ht^lat present, but it is impossible-it can long
continue. Mult not the laws of nature follow)(
,his commercial country that have affected Ve
nice and Genoa, the Hans Towns, and the o
ther commercial states? )Fhe acquirement of
.wealth mull produce dearness or living; dear
net's of living murt produce dearness ot labour ;
„ s dp@rnefs of labour murt produce deamefi of
manufactures; dearness .ot manufactures niuft -
conduct trade to some place where , h,eapnds of
, living will give the preference in the markets.
Zhustic circle of commerce has hitherto run,;
.but the Settlement of North-America under the
old establishment seemed to defy the' powers ot
• tb.cfe leting principles. America was bound
to take your manufactures only to whoever
. price, they might.rife; you were bound to take
m?ft of her raw materials, 'and to give her com
merce proteaion, a complete f\ ficin in the ex- -
change ot all commodities was established wkh
*iij,our own dotpiipdn, which might hit be-.
"yondthe views - of^human calculation, if pro
perly conducted. This is the great purpose to ,
which [ look up to America as a.naval and as
'a commerciai power ; how ortep have I indulg
ed myfelf in these thoughts, up^hle to fee the
end of our glory from the carifes-thutjhave de-
Ilro,ed other dates, little d earring that one in
fatuated minirter could .tempt, seduce and, per
suade a whole nation to cup the firings of such
'harmony. An honourable gentleman who o
pened the debate, ha remarked how we reco
vered from the interruptions' of our comm, rce
during the last war. The honourable gentle
man 'forgetsjhar we had the tree and uninter
rupted' re fop roes of. America during the la*war;
that ih-feizlng the snips of our enemies we add
ed to the national wealth and increased our own
commerce ; the progress was double; here it
runs in an inverse proportion, no man knows
' the final effects as yet; like the buifting of a
burning mountain, it is foort and play to the
distant fpe&ators who think themselves fafe, but
• the eruption may fyread to cover this city in -
''"-ruin..
LONDO N, fa. to.
ORDERS have been given to the officers of
'the several regiments deftihed for Ameri-„
ca to keep with their men, and be always in
readiness tomarchon the fhorteld notice.
Transports are taking up to carry the follow
ing regiments to America ; the yd, Sir J. Am
h^rft's; 9th; Lord Ligonier's; iith, Accourt's;
Graeme's ; 20th, Parker's ; 34th, Lord -
$ FredFCavendiih's; gyd; Elphingftone's ; 6zd,
X^A'^
^ The. following intelligence was communicat
; fed by an officer of rank in the army: Govern
- 4 ..ment lave sent over to Germany to engage
p&coo men, called Jagers, people brought up to
g the use. of the rifle barrel guns in boar hunting.
' ^hey'are amazingly expert. Every petty prince
. who h^th forefts keeps a number of them, and
.they ire allowed to take apprentices, by which
. mean! thev are a numerous body of people.
These men are intended to act in the next cam
paign in America, and our ministry plume them-
Selves'much in the thought of their being a
complete match for the American riflemen.
Feb. 20. Orders are given from the ordnance
office, for immed ately taking down,and prepar
ing for service fix thousand ft.md of arms, from
the small armory in the Tower.
Orders are sent to Cork to get ready immedi
ately provisions for victualling go fail of trans
ports, which will arrive there, if the wind per
mits, by the- 10th of March ; the rest of the
transports, which are ordered for America, will
take in their provisions in England, to prevent
the Irilh from being distressed by so great a con
fumptioa of the qeceffaries of life in that coun
try.. / .1
A new regiment of light infantry is now
trailing 'to be lent to America ; a ferjeant in the
fame legiment, in a new uniform, was pretent
ed to his Majerty on Frida, last, and went
I through the mmitial exercif€ on an entire new
plan, before hi^ Ma,city and several general of
fibers, in the King's riding-houfc, which gave
" univertai fatisiaction.
Several ot the Capt tins have complained by
. letter-to the A==, that their respective ships
were too weakly manned to proceed to sea,
which has been taken no notice of; in conse
quence of which tl^y have had private surveys,
and alterations iigned by several officers of the
exact date of their complements, in order to ex
culpate themselves, in case of accidents that may
arise from the scandalous manner in which they
have been lent to sea.
Feb. 22. The armament carrfying on by Spain
grows every day more serious. All the nerves
ot ,hat vast monarchy, from Barcelona to the
Harannah, have been exerted during two years•
to prepare a force, which the people of this
country, conliders without the lead degree of
anxiety ; and yet it is well known, that by June
.next, the King of Spain will be able to fend 26
fail of the line, from 60 to 74 guns, 14 frigates,
troth' 36 to 56 guns, and 40,000 land forces to
sea, (\Vhat such a force would be able to do a
gaihrt Ireland, while all the power ot this coun
. try ^exerted, and perhaps in vain in North-
Ameriea, may be eatily imagined.
„ Lord Hows isrinverted with unlimited mili
tary,powers, which, it is said, he politively de
"mln&'d previous ,tw his accepting the chief com
mand ot the King's forces in America.
The very articles alone ot waggons (for bag
°ga b e An d ammunition) which are to be lent with
th embarkations in the spring, will amount to
no leg a sum than 12,000!. - :
, Col. Barre was extremely Severe on a law of
ficer; (M. Wedderburne),whom he compared
to Abbe Polignac, and described him as a little,
pertf^fteded political pater; the comparison
Was felt, and cauled a laugh ; he laid that it was
'.dttli&ult to express the feelings and indignation
0t.4 than of honour, stung and irritated by the
gnats and infers of court corruption. He af
firmed, that the troops, from a fixed ave.fion to
the service, grol'sly jnilbehaved at Bunker's hill
onthe 17th of June.
.General Burgovne, in contradiction, allowed
that the troops gave way a little at one time,
because they were flanked by thefre out of the
houses, &c. at Charleltown, but that they soon
rallied and advanced ; and no men on earth e
ver behaved with more spirit, firmnefs and per
fever nice, till they forced the enemy out of their
entrenchments. He laid, he was an eye-wit
nels ofxhe affair, and cowfequently as he (poke
. from his own knowledge, and not by heariay,
he ventured to speak with the greatest .confi
dence.
dA' hotter from the Hague, dated Feb. 16,
fays, , It,is said that the Amiterdameis have
, not only contented to cede the Scotch brigade
in th© Dutch service to Greu-Britain ; but
have proposed to the States of Holland, that it
Ihould never returh to this country any mere'"
The value, of goods entered for exportation
to the. British Welt-India Inlands the latt month,
at the cuftom-houfr, exceeds the sumos 6'20001.
which-is more than has been entered for some
dimepaft.
The King has given orders to put a flop to
any of the officers Belonging to the three regi
ments of guards felling out, so that thole who
didike the business of going to America, tho'
they have purchased their commissions at high
premiums, can only relign.
All the transports that have arrived here from
Boftoh, are to be docked and got ready as soon
as partible, in order to take on board a quantity
of porter and other frefh supplies, which a r e to
be lent to the men of war Rationed at America.
Feb. 21. The two frigates that were on Shore,
and~the one who loft her marts, arose entirely
trora.their being so badly manned, that they
could not manage them.
The following is extFdaed from a pamphlet lately
pdlijbed, entitled, '' .4 Second Appeal to dee
'^u/lice and Intcrefts of the Feeble on the Mea
fares refpeaing America."
I'H E conclusion from the foregoing consi
derations, duly weighed, will, I conceive, be
found and decisive, whether it be tor war or for
peace and reconcilement. The question is great.
A greater never before called tor our attention.
The fate ot empires hang upon it. The Pro
tirtant. religion, the British constitution, the
prpfy;,ity, the opulence, the exigence of Great
Britain, depend upon the issue. Let us then
give it that attention, which its high impor
tance merits.
The armament of last year ngainft America,
was 10,000 soldiers and 3000 seamen. It was
then supposed, the Americans would not resist.
The event has proved, they will. That arma
ment is half consumed, without.effecting a tin
gle thing of any contequence. I have conveif
ed with no officer on the fubjed, who thinks a
main army of less than 30,000 men, with an
adequate train of artillery, 10,000 men for the
southern part of the continent, and 10,000 tea
men, including marines, can open the cam
paign with a pTlibility of success. This effi
mate I purposely state as low as possible.
40,000 land forces will be L. 1,000,000
Ordnance service, - - 500,000
Transport service, - - 600,000
10.000 seamen, including marines, 600,000
Staff mid hospital, - - 70,000
Building and repairs of (hips, 100,000
, Forage, bread, &c. for the fleet and
army, - - i;oco,ooo
Extra expence, - - 600.000
==== — ==w
Total for the American war, 4,470,000
Upon this climate then, observe what muff
be your over-taxed and ruined liquation.
Additional supplies for the year
1776, - - L. 6,470,006
Deficiencies in the revenue 1.650,000
Total, equivalent to an actual in
crease in taxes, of 8,120,000
If we add to this, the supplies,
for the current service of
the year which amount to 1 1,000,000
The sum total will be - 19,120,000
This sum far exceeds the burthen of any year
during the last war. The ruinous confrquence^
ofit are plain and inevitable. There is no man
in his fences, who can lit seriously down and
Shew by what resources we can supply such an
enormous demand. It is an absolute infinity
to suppose our funds and our credit will survive
the Shock. Nor is it more rational to suppose,
that a less force will faffee ; or that such force
can be Supported at less expence. Indeed, the
ministers have already thrown out in parliament,,
th it 40,000 men will be requisite. A less num
ber Would be an army of inability and irritati
on. Nor have 1 indeed an idea that such a
force, though formidable, will be effectual. It
may check, but it cannot conquer America. A
war at more than 3000 miles diftapce, against
an enemy we nbw find united, naive, able and
refolute': Where every foot of ground is to be
won by inches, and at the fame fatal expence
with Banker's hill ;'in a country where faftnefe
grows upon farthefs, and labyrinth o n labyrinth;
where a check is a defeat, and a defeat is ruin--
It is a war of abfardity and madness. We Shall
sooner pluck the mioon from her sphere, than
conquer such a country. But when we consi
der all its circumstances, that such a war is ta
be waged by a nation so exhausted of men, that
we are obliged to hire foreigners, so overture
thsned with debt, that we are finking under it,
weight; divided and diffracted among ourfelra,
while they are knit together, like a Strong man,
with one spirit of enthufiaffic liberty, one feme
ot grievance and universal desperation ; I know
not with what name of folly and infatuation to
brand the attempt. It is agreed, that the grgod
American army amount to 50,000 chosen men,
led by experienced Generals, animated by eve
ry motive that can inspire undaunted and heroic
valour, difeiplined to all the advantages of the
counts, comforted and confirmed by every as-
Miltince which the attachment, the interest, the
zeal of the inhabitants, can minirter, and cap„
ble of being recruited, or reinforced with the
utmost facility. Against this army are we to
contend, under every possible disadvantage. Our
Gene als unacquainted with the particular
country, out soldiers unanimated, I will not fay
disgusted, by the nature of the service, embar
rarted by the natural obrtacics of an impracti
cable country, harraffed and distressed by an ir
ritated, hostile peasantry, recruiting difficult, re
inforcement!impollible. Under these insupera
ble obstacles; what can ensue from the attempt
but rout and ruin ? will the minifiry ftye to us
a plan ?T do not require it Should be practica
ble, let it only be plausible. Till that is done,
we Shall be warranted to retort upon administra
tion, - General Gage's charge against the Pra
vir.cials--and call the attempt an a& of phienzy.
THREE PENCE PER POUND
Given by
SAMUEL LOUDO N,
roll the best fort of CI EAN, WHITE
A LINEN RA°- TO , and fe in proportion fix
that of an inferior fort.
It must he remembered, that the pence e?a
blifhment, together with the interest ot the na
tional debt, entirely exhausts the prefect Sup
plies ; that the linking fund is almuli emptied ;
that the debt already incurred for the war we
have carried on with America, cannot be left
than 2,000,^00 I. and that the neceffiries of the
civil lilt will call this year tor ,000,000 I. At
the lowest computation then, it we are to conti
nue this war, the additional expence of the en
suing year will be 7,000,000 I. which mull be
provided for by additional taxes. Let us then
cohlider, what we shall lose in revenue and com
merce, during the continuance of an increase of
taxes, to furnilh the extraordinary supplies for
this unnatural war. Mr. Glover, whole know
ledge and accuracy is undoubted, ellimr s the
revenue arilingtrom North-America, actually
received, at 300,000 1. per annum. Betides this,
the taxes, which are involved in the price of
manufaHutes we furnish them, and which muH
fail with the failure of our exports, cannot be
ertimated at less than one million. The neat
revenue writing from duties and excise on Wert-
India produHions, is seven hundred thousand
pounds, halt of which cannot but tall in confe,
qu'ence of this difput\ Your exports to North
America ufcrethree millions per annum, which
were paid forip raw materials, that trebled their
value upon being manufbaured, and entered
deeply into the whole lyllem of your manufac
tures and commerce.-
We have advice from Portsmouth, that our
troops entered that town without opposition,
and have taken a number of waggon loads of
effc&, viz, rum, sugar, molasses, and a variety
of dry goods, belonging to persons who are ene
mies to the American cause ; they have aho
d ftroyed two or three hoofes which were the
propcitv of John Goodrich, and brought off
some prisoners. Lord Dunmore is very flrong
ly entrenched at Tucker's mills, and has a great
q entity of cannon mounted, defended by about
live hundred men. His Excellency General
LEE returned here from Portsmouth lad
Thurfdav evening.
WILLIAMSBURG, (Virginia) May 4.