The New York packet, and the American advertiser — New York [N.Y.], 1776-01-11 00:00:00, page 1

ThepROCESSfor extrafling and refining SAL F
PETR E, according to the Method bra^fed at,
the Provincial Works in Philadelphia.
P^bliftxd 6, 'Order of the Committee of
Safety in that City.
^^^foo^ „ is found m a large quantity
& I ^°"°^ I § ^ different materials, fume-
IS I #,\ " mes "'^ andincorporat
« £ ^^g g ed with flongs, and in earths
4fc o s^^t' which are exposed and open
°fr^y^^,* to all weathers; but the
most common places where it is found, is in the
earth which forms the floor either of Sheep, horse
or cow flabjes and Sheds, in old ouhhoufes, in
cellars, and under barns where any animals u
foally fuelter, or any other covered place where
any animal er vegetable substances mixed toge
ther with earth have been collected, and have
laid a longtime; and jt is said those places
where tobacco is manufactured, &c. produce it.
A very important part of the Salt-petre maker's
knowledge consists in a judicious choice of the
materials, .and no djre&ions can be given that
will avail much; a few experiments properly
attended to, will afford more inDru&ion than a
rv written directions; nevertheless, by way of
caution, it may be proper to observe, that where
fables are constantly used, you mutt take the
earth which lies near the manger; otherwise it
will have too great a mixture of the urine and
dung of the animals, which will produce Sal
Amonjac instead of Salt-petre *, and it is conft
dered as a rule for the.choice of materials, that
the longer they have lain together, the greater
chance there will be of getting Salt-petre but
es them.
When the materials are collected, they extrad
and refine the Salt-petre by the following easy
. jirooefs, which I Shall divide into fix parts, to
sender it plain and easy of comprehension, viz.
I. To make the lye.
1 The firft boiling to prepare it for filtering.
5. Filtering or draining the lye.
4. Thefecond boiling to Separate the lea salt
and prepare it for chryflalizing.
<. Chryftalingthc Salt-petre.
6. Refining the ehryDals of Salt-petre.
FirD, To make the foe.
Take a tub or tubs, according to the extent
•fyour works, but not to exceed the size of half
a hogihead in depth, make a hqle in the bottom
near one edge, fit a plug or (pile to it, lay a wife
©f Draw over this hole, then fill the tub lightly
with the earth which you have found to con
tain Salt-pede, pour as much cold water on it
as will fill the'tub to the brim, after it has soak
ed into the earth, keep your tubs in a warm
place, that the water may not freeze, and in a
bout ten or twelve hours draw off the water at
the hole in the bottom, till it has all drained
©ff; this water will have dissolved a great part
of the Salt-petre that was in the earth and tuns
off very foul, and is what recall the lye.
Secondly, Gs the boiling to fa it for filtering.
Take any kind of boiler and put your lye in
to it, in the foul Rate which it wasdrawn off of
the earth, cover your boiler with a lid, and boil
the lye away with a brisk tire, to about one fifth
of the quantity, if it should be reduced some
thing more or less it is not material, thia firft
boiling being only to prepare the lye for drain
ing, which is better done while it is hot, than
while it is . Cold, and thereducingof it in quantity
makes the operation of filtering it more expedi
tious.
Thirdly, To filter or strain the lye.
Prepare yourfelt with a calk which muff be
proportioned to the quantity of your lye, put a
£dfe bottom in it about, two or three inches a
bove the true bottom, or otherwise make a kind
of lattice wgrk with Drips pf boards or small
twigs, in the fame manner as is used in setting
common lye tubs, on the tpp of this falfe bot
tom or lattice work, a layer of Draw mull be
placed, the draws being cut of a proper length
to extend dcrofs the tub,, and must be laid about
two inches thick, as even and parallel with each
* At the Provincial nvorhs in the city of Phila
delphia, cellar dirt is chiefly used, as it has been
found to contain a greater proportion of Nitre than
an, other earth thy have met with.
ASSIZE of BREAD. Fleur at' 20 s; per Ct.
A Wheaten Leaf of the fined FLOUR, to
^ ^ weigh i lb. 8 1-2 oz. tor 4 Coppers.
Published Nov. 2, 1775.
(<?&^/«« IN4z^A H
l£xj^#^^ <&^!^^^f^
AMERICAN
VO L. I.
T HU R S D A Y,
Printed by S AMUEL LOUDON, in Water-Street, between the Coffee-House and the Old Slip.
A ND
Thursday, 16 Min. after 1
Friday, §6 Min. after 1
Saturday, 40 Min. after 2
Sunday, 22 Min. alter. 3
other as conveniently can be ; over this, ano-'
,ther such layer of Draw mud be put so as to
cross it, and of about the fame ttycknefs : This
Draw must be preSfed down, ahd confined by
folne flips of boards laid across it, tight within
the tub, 6n this Spread feme cut Draw an inch
or two in height, then add forte live ashes about
five inches thick ; lastly, have a piece of board
about the size of a plate to place upon the top
of the ashes, in order to break the fall of the lye
when poured into the tub. The tub thus pre
pared, is called an aSher. If the tub for this
purpose should not be properly proportioned to
the extent of your works, as was before observ
ed, the quantity of allies may be too great, and
you will be disappointed of getting Salt-petre,
having Pot-ash inDead thereof. At the Pro
vincial works, their filtering veflels or asher will
contain better than a barrel, in which they put
near a bushel of ashes. This is fufficient for the
lye drawn from twenty tubs of earth at leaff,
each ' the size of half a hogshead; of course,
where you have but one such lye tub, the after
muff be final! in proportion, and nor have above
one twentieth part of that quantity of alhes ;
perhaps some may think theses wholly unne
cessary, but for their information I would ob
serve, that in general the Nitre will not (hoot in
to chryftals, without either affies or pet-aSh be
ing added to the lye, it being absolutely necessa
ry to detach the Salt-petre from other unfit sub-
Dauces which it had joined to in the earth.
The ashes should be changed every fourth
time your filtering vessel is used, but the other
parts of the tub may continue so long, as you
can refine your lye through it ; this kind of fil
tering tub will be Scarcely necessary unless the
making Salt-petre is intended to be continued,
then it will fullyrecompence thetrouble andtx
pence of making it, as it refines the lye expedi
t:oully and well; if a single or a few experi
ments are only intended to be made, ten or
twelve inches depth,of cut Draw put into a calk
with the proper quantity of allies above it, will
answer theend very well.
The filtering tub or asher being prepared,
pour the lye alter the firft boiling hot out of
the boiler into the said tub, and draw it gently
off, return it back again two or three times, un
til it comes off clear and fine.
Fourthly, Of the second boiling, to separate the
sea salt from the lye, and to Jirengthen the lye to
prepare it for ebryflali%ir.g.
The lye which has been Sufficiently refined
by running through the filtering veflcl, must
now be returned into the kettle, and boiled a se
cond time, but with a more gentle fire towards
the latter part of the boiling, otherwise it would
be apt to boil over ; the boiler must be kept co
vered during this boiling, in the fame manner
as was directed in the firft boiling. To know
when the lye has boiled away enough in order
to Separate the salt, examine it from time to
time by putting about a Spoonful of it in a sau
cer and setting it in a place where it will cool,
if it is of a proper' Drength, a great part of the 4
lye will harden, and Shoot in the form of chry-
Dals, or sometimes in grains, if the quaiftity of
sea salt be great; when this is the case, the lye
has boiled almoftenough.
When the lye is boiled to this strength, if
there is any sea salt,, it will fettle to, the bottom
of the boiler, and should be taken out with a
skimmer, and put into some suitable vessel, for
the falt-petre lye to drain off into the kettle;
this salt retains some falt-petre in it, and is said
to be very suitable to cure meat with, and by a
farther refining may be purified fit tor table
use.
The reason affirmed for the sea salt) fettling
to the bottom is, that water will melt the falt
petre more readily than it does sea salt, but when
the lye is weak, or has more water in it than is
barely fufficient to diflolve the falt-petre, it will
then dissolve some sea salt, but as soon as the
water is boiled away so much that there .re
mains Inly enough to dissolve the nitre, the sea
salt then fettles to the bottom, for the nitre lye
of this fhength has no more power to dissolve
the sea salt, than water has to dissolve a Done.
After all the sea salt is taken out, which can
be done by. this method, continue the boiling
until about one fourth of the remaining lye is
boiled away, then it must be put into a tub large
HIGH WATER at NEW-YORK.
^^Q^*==T¥—^„r —„re=^r^^
^i^B'lß^^
&||lil^^
g)- (vty^tyga^jfo^j^affii^A^^
Monday, 6 Min. after 4
Tuesday, go Min. after 4
Wednesday, 42 Min. after 5'
Last Quarter, 13th.1
THE
enough to contain the whole of it ; this tub is
called a Dander, and is something broader at
bottom than at top, having a tap fixed about
two inches abpve the bottom; let the liquor
Dand in this tubtill it is nearly as cold as new
milk, by which time the gross, foul matter which 1
will ndt dissolve in the water will Dave fettled
to the bottom, and amongst it their usually is a
good deal of sea salt, as the liquor i< not ca
pable of retaining so much salt digolved in it
after it has cooled as whileboiling; the liquor
is now ready for chryftalizing, which forms the
fifth part of the progress.
[Ebr thhßeraainder, fee the las Page.]
From the General Evening Post.
LONDO N, OA. 28.
Yesterday about noon bis Ma
jesty went from the Queen's Palace to
St. James's, attended only by two footmen be
hind his coach. About ten minutes before two
his Majefly got into the Date coach, attended
by the Duke of Ar.caDer and Lord Bruce, and
proceeded to the Houle of Peers, where being
seated on the Throne and a raeffage having
been sent to the Commons, requiring their at
tendance, his Majesty opened the present feffi
on of Parliament with .the following Speech :
" ofy Lords, and Gentlemen,
" THE present situation of America, and
my conDant detire to have your advice, con
currence, and assistance on every important oc
casion, have determined me to call you thus
early together.'
" Those who have long too fuccefs.fully la
boured to inflame my people in America by
gross misrepresentations, and to intuie into their
minds a system of opinions repugnant to the
true constitution of the colonies, and to their
subordinate relation to Great Britain, now
openly avow their revolt, hostility, and rebel
lion. They have raised troops, and are
colleaing a naval force ; they have leized
the public revenue, and affirmed to themselves ,
legislative, executive, and judicial powers,
which they already exercise in the most arbi
trary manner, over the persons and proper
ties of their fellow fubjeds : And although
many of these unhappy people may Dill retain
their, loyalty, and may be too wife not to fee
the fatal consequence of this ufurpaticn, and
wilh to resist it, yet the torrent of violence has
been Drong enough to compel their acquiescence
till a fufficient force Ihall appear to support
them.
" The authors and promoters of this despe
rate conspiracy have, in the conduct of it,
derived great advantage from the difference
of our intentions and theirs. They meant
only to atntjfe by vague expressions of attach
ment to the parent Date, 'and the strongest
protestations of loyalty to me, whilD they were
preparing sos a general revolt. On our part,
though it was declared in your last session that
a rebellion existed within the colony of tl*
Maffachufett's Bay ; yet even that province we
wished rather to reclaim than to subdue. The
resolutions of Parliament breathed a Ipirit bf
moderation and forbearance; conciliatory pro
portions accompanied the measures taken to en
force authority; and thecoercive adis wereadapt
ed to cases of criminal combinations amongst
fubjeds not thenjn arms. I have acted with
the fame temper ; anxious to prevent, if it
had been possible, the effufion of the blood
of my fubje&s; and the calamities which are
inseparable from a Date of war ; Dill hoping
that my people in America would have dis
cerned the traiterous views of their leaders,
and have been convinced, that to be a fub
jeft of Great. Britain, with all its consequences,
is to be the freeft member of any civil Ib
ciety in the known world.
" The rebellious war now levied is become
more general, and is manifestly carried on for
the purpose of establishing an independent em
pire. I need not dwell upon the fatal ef
teds of the success of such a plan. The
object is too important, the spirit of the British
nation is too high, resources with which God
hath blefied her too numerous, to give up so
many Colonies which Die has planted with
great industry, surfed with great tenderness,
Wheat per Bushel, 6s. od.
Flour, - - -19 s. od.
Brown Bread, - i&s. od.
Weft-India Rum, ^s. 3d.
New-England do. 3s. od.|
PRICE-CURRENT, in NEW-YORK.
%r^&^>^> ^R@®^o
^M^ f'b^f^
ADVERTISER.
JANUARY nth, 1776,
Mufcovado Sugar, 60s. od.
Single refin'd do. is . 2d.
Molasses, - - - as. Bd.
, Beef, per Barrel, 4§s.od.
j Pork, - - - 70^ od.
“ When the unhappy and deluded multitude
against whom this force will be directed, Shall
become fcnlihle of their error, I Shall be ready to
receive the milled with tenderness and mercy !
and in order t) prevent the inconvenienciei
which may arise from the great distance cftheir
situation, and to remove as Sben as poihole the
calamities which they fuffer, I Shall give autho
rity to certain persons upon the Spot to grant
general or particular pardons and indemnities,
in such manner, and to such persons as they
Shall think fit, and to receive the Submission of
any Province or Colony which Shall be difpmed
to return to its allegiance, to the free exerciie
of its trade and commerce, and to the fame pro
tection and Security, as if such Province or Co
lony had never revolted.
" Gentlentex of the House of Commons,
" I have-ordered the proper estimates far the
ensuing year to be laid before you ; and 1 rely
on your affection to me, and ywar resolution to
maintain the just rights of this country, for such
Supplies as the present circumftanc.es ot our af
fairs require. Among the many unavoidable ill
.confequence^ of this rebellion, none affedts me
more sensibly, than the extraordinary burthen
which it must create to my faithful Subjects.
" Aly Lords, and Gentlemen,
" I have fully opened to you my views tind
intentions. The constant employment of my
thoughts, and the most earnest willies of my
heart, tend wholly to the Safety and happiness
of all my peoples and to the re-eftabliihmcnt of
order and tranquillity through the several parts
of my dominions, in a elofe connection and con
stitutional dependence. You fee the tendency
of the prefect disorders, and I have Dated to you
the measures which I mean to pursue for sup
pressing them. Whatever remains to be done,
that may farther contribute to this end, I com
mit to your wisdom. And am happy to add,
that, as well from the aiTurances I have receiv
ed, as from the general appearance of affairs in.
Europe, I fee no probability that the measures
which you may adopt will be interrupted by dis
putes with any foreign power."
As soon as his MajeDy'sSpeech had been
read in the Upper Assembly by the Lord'
Chancellor and Clerk of that Honourable
Assembly, Lord Townsend rose up, and in a
very manly and masterly manner went fully
into the unhappy disputes betwixt America
and this country ; at the conclusion of whicli
he -moved an humble Address to his Majesty
for his most gracious Speech. His fonhhip
was Seconded by Lord Dudley. The Mar
quis of Rockingham was the next who Spoke ;
he differed greatly from the two first-menti
oned Lords, and at the end of his Speech pro
posed an amendment to the Address, which
brought on a very interesting and long debate,
in which the following Right Honourable
Members assisted with the three above, Lord
Rc^hford, Lord Coventry, the Duke of Graf
ton, Lord Sanwich, Lord Lyttleton, the Bishop
of Peterborough, Lord Dartmouth, Lord Ef
fingham, Lord Grosvenor, the Duke of Man
chester, Lord Gower, the Duke of Richmond,
encouraged with many commercial advantages,
and protected and defended at much expence
of blood and treasure.
" It is now become the part of wisdom, and
(in its effects) of clemency, to put a speedy end
to these disorders, by themoft decisive exertions#
For this purpose, 1 have increased my naval e-
DabliOiment, and greatly augmented my land
forces; but in such a manner as may be the leaf!
burthenfomc to my kingdoms.
" I have also the fatisfaction to inform you,
that I have received the most friendly offers of
foreign assistance ; and if I Ihall make any trea
ties in consequence thereof, they flhall be laid
before you. And I have, in testimony of my
affection for my people, who can have no cause
in which I?m not equally interested, sent to the
garrisons of Gibraltar and Port Mahon a part of
my Electoral troops, in order that a larger num
ber of the established forces of this kingdom may
he applied to the maintenance ofits authority;
and the national militia, planned and regulated
with equal regard to the rights, fafety, and pro
tection of my crown and people, may give a far
ther extent and activity to our military opera
tions.
T H E
Fine Sait, - - - None.
Coarse Salt, - - 3s. qd.
Indian Corn, per Buffi. 3s. od.
NU M B. ^