The national intelligencer and Washington advertiser. — Washington City [D.C.], 1801-10-12 00:00:00, page 4

!'<■ -riiK National Jsi kilicenckk.
[\V< have receive. the following important
omunicatiop* rnfpe<fting :he ftatc of Vaccine
Inoculation in Eng' ind.
We yrefeiu fhem to the pul lic under an afTur-jnce
that every infellijfc.it phyfician ira our country.
Will actively co„<>pcrate in introducing it in
room of the fmall pox inoculation.]
FIRST ANNUAL REPORT
OF TIIF.
VACCINE POCK INSTITUTION\
C LONDON)
FOK INOCULATING THF. POOR.
President—The right honorable the Earl
of Cholmondet'.-y.
Vice-Presidcnts—Right hon. Lord Petre,
F. R. S. &c.—Sir William Lee, Bart.—
Sir George B-ker, Bart. F. R. S. See.—
H. J. De Sabs, D. D. F. R. S-—William
A J am, Efq.—William DevayneS, Efq.
M. P.
Treasurer—Stephen Aiflcy, Efq.
Trustees—l'homas Payne, Efq.—John
He a v'ilide, Efc>.—William Noble, Efq.
Secrjtary and Collector—Mr. Willian
Sancho.
Those who are acquainted with only a
part of rhe hiftory of the fmall-pox, fcarce
ly take info their contemplation more than
the advantages of the inoculated over tb
natural small-pox, in the points of prefer
vation of the lives of individuals, and th'
fubftitution of a difeafe generally flight,
for a difeafe generally fevere : and fuel;
perfons imagine, that the pradtice of ino
culation neither requires, nor is, perhaps,
capable of farther improvement. But thof
who are more extenfively acquainted with
the hiftory of the fmall-pox, know that it
is productive of a great de.il of mifchiel,
notwithftanding the advantages of inocu
lation—For,
1. Under the beft treatment, a certain
proportion of perfons die in the inoculated
fmall-pox ; and although the proportion of
deaths to the recoveries may not exceed five
out of a thoufand patients, the diftrefs oc
cafioned by thefe fatal cafes is more fevere
ly felt than when fuch cafes occur in the
cafual difeafe ; therefore the fubftitution
of a milder difeafe will contribute to leffen
the diftrefs which would thereby be occa
fioned.
2. It feems fair to calculate, that, in *be
inoculated fmall-pox, one in twenty-five
patients undergoes a fevere difeafe.
3. The numerous fotirces of the fmall
pox infection now preclude every prolpec'i
of extinguiflbing this difeafe ; and unlef?
inoculation were univerfally pradifed, it is
moft probable that the propoitional morta
lity by the natural fmali-pox is rather in
< reafed than diminifiied, in confequence of
the more externa ve diffcinination of the in
feilion by inoculation.
4. In a certain proportion of inoculated
cafes of fmall-pox, deformities of the fki
are produced, which no practitioner can
b: anfwerable for preventing in any in-
It uice. D feafes alio are frequently exci
ted by inoculation, to which a difpofition
pre-exifted in the conftitwtion.
5. In particular families, and in particu
lar ftates of the couftitution, as i:i preg
nancy, See. the fmall-pox is an exceedingly
dangerous difeafe, even by inoculation.
Now it is man'.feft, from the accounts which)
have been collected of the diforder called
by the name of the cow-pock, and parti-1
cularlv from the experience by inoculation
of it fince January 1799, that the hurtful
effects of the fmall-pox above ftated may
be prevented, by fubftituting for it the in
oculation of the cow-pock—Becaufe,
1. Of probably above fixty thoufand
perfons in Europe who have had the inocu
lated cow-pock, it is very doubtful whether
four have died of the inoculation. There
is, however, good ground for believing,
that the proportional mortality will not be
greater than here ftated.
2. Not a fingle well-attefted inftance has
been produced, among more than 10,000
of the above perfons known to have been
conftitutionally affedted with the inocula
ted vaccine pock, and who were !übfequent
ly inoculated for the fmall-pox, of thisdif
e.afe being taken, and in thofe few inftances
which have been fuppofed cafes to the coi -
trary, there was every reafon to believe)
the inoculated difeafe was local; and tra-i
ditionally, this fadt has bem eftabjilhed
time immemorial, witU regard to the cafual
cow-pock.
3. It may lafeiy be affirmed, that tin
inoculated cow-pock is generally a mtirl,
{lighter difeafe than the inoculated fmall
pox ; and that the proportion of fevei
caf.-s in the latter, is to the former as at
hitft fifty to one.
4. It does not appear that genuine
•/accine pock can be propagated like the
'mall-pox, by effluvia from perfons labour
"• under it. Hence, if the vaccine ir.o
illation lliould be univerfally inllituted in
>lace of the fmall pox, it is reasonable to
c conclude, that this moll: loathfome and tatal
malady will be extmguilhed ; and, like the
n ' weating ficknefs, plague, certain kinds of
l-orofy, &c. be known in this country only
by name.
5. It doe 3 not appear that the vaccine
effluvia lik: the fmall-pox, can be conveyed
fo as to produce the difeafe indireftly from
.iifeafed perfons, by adhering to clothes,
furniture, bedding, letters, See. Hence
no danger of its propagation in thefe chan
nels is to be apprehended from the univer
f.il pradfice of tkie inoculation of the cow
' pock. Further, it is highly important to
con fider other very great advantages of the
'> vaccine inoculation over that of the fmall
~ pox, which are, befides thofe already men
~ tioned, that it may be pradtifed in the ftate
n of pregnancy, in infancy, and in all ages,
;• generally with little or no inconvenience,
being almoft always a perfectly mild difeafe.
It may be pradtifed on a part of a family*
n without any danger of infedting the reft:
and of courfe it may be introduced into
1 places and towns to any extent, not only
without endangering thofe undergoing tht
difeafe, but, from its not being infection:
p by effluvia, without any danger of commu
nicating it to others who have had the
' fmall-pox. And, even at this day, in
fome pi ices, the fmall-pox being : ooked
upon as a plague, the inoculation is prohi
bited under the ftridteft regulations ; but if
, the advantages of the new inoculation
i fliould be underftood by people fo circum
- (lanced, it is h.irdly to be doubted that the
, vaccine inoculation will, on the nrft break
ing out of the fmall-pox, be adopted.
-i 6. No danger is to be apprehended from
t the interference of the fmall-pox ; for it has
, been abundantly proved, that if a perfon is
■ i life died with fmall-pox effluvia previous to
the cow-pock inoculation, and the friiall
i pox takes place at the fame time with the
I cow-pock, that the former difeafe is coin
f non'.y mitigated by the latter. And there
t- is now good evidence to (hew, that fmall
- pox like eruptions never appear, except on
- thole fubjects who at the time of inocula
? tion for the c iw-pock, had been expofed to
i variolous effluvia.
i 7. It has been found that a perfon, whofe
- couftitution has diftindtly undergone the
vaccine difeafe, is in future unfufceptibl
sof the fame diforder. Hence no oiijedtion
» can be made to the new inoculation, as
was once urged, on account of its being
. believed, that, by the commutation of the
1 f.na!l-pox for the vaccine pock, an erup
rive difeafe would be in trod u ;ed, to which
s the fame perfon would be repeatedly liable.
8. It does not appear that thofe who
- Vave already gone through the fmall-pox
f o'e fufceptible of the vaccine difeafe, a*,
. -*as a little time ago believed. Hence no
obj dfcion can be urged on the IVore of per
-1 "ms who have already gone through the
fmall-pox being liable to a new infectious
n difeafe, by the introduction of the vaccina®
- inoculation.
9. Experience fbews, that there is no;
n reafon to apprehend the fmalleft chance of!
deformities of the fkin from the vaccine in-j
- ocul ition.
10. The ex ten five pradtice of the new'
v inoculation in the prfcfent >nd f>rrrier vt ar, !
. mdtht accounts of the difeafe i'i the caf i if
hi way, do not (hew that any other dif,afej
d will be excited fubfequently, whi.. h is pe-j
culiarly imputable to the new pradtice. ]
n It may be ufeful to add, that th prefent
d inftitution is perhaps the belt im gin able for
y pr curing evidence to inform thofe who are
i- unacquainted with the new pradtice ; for
determining all doubtful points relating to
d 't, and for difcovering errors ; as every
i- cafe will be regiftered ; every improvement
r be made unde !- the direction of the medical
c -• Aablifh.Tient belonging to the inftitution
-, and the re fultsof the pradtice will be re
t- ported to the governors.
From the above comparative ftatement
s it is maniieft, that it is highly to the inte
-0 reft of the public to adopt univerfally the|
n inoculation of the vaccine pock in place of
i- the fmall-pox.
ON
■s THE ORIGIN
OF THE
e VACCINE INNOCULATION.
d By Edward Jenni-.if, m. d. f. it. s. is'c.
MY inquiry into the nature of the
1 Cow Pox commenced upwards of twenty
! five years a ;o. My attention to this fin
. gnlar difeafe was firft excited by obfrrving,
that among thole whom in the country I
t was frequently called upon to inoculate
many relifted every effort to give them the
■ Small pox. Thelje patifnts I found h?d fl
; undergone a difeafe they called the Cow p
- Pox, ccntraftcd by milking cows affc&tdi
witn a peculiar eruption on their teats. OnlC
i inquiry, it appeared that it had been knownji'
) among the dairies time immemorial, andje
1 that a vague opinion prevailed that it was' 1 :
2 a preventative of the Small Pox. This opi-jf:
f nion 1 found was, comparatively new;i<
f among them ; for all the < Uler farmers de-io
dared they had no Inch idea m their earlyi I<
: Jay:-—a circurnftance that itemed ealiiy tojn
1 he accounted for, from my knowing that 1 1
l the common people were very rarely ino- v
, culated for t' e Small Pox, till that prac- v
; tice was rendered general by the improved l<
- method introduced by the Suttons : fo that b
- the working people of the dairies were felt
- doniput ti) the tell of the preventive pow- ti
) ers of the Cow-Pox. w
; In tht courle of the inveftigation of this p
- fubjedt, which, like all others of a complex ti
-jßc iinricate nature, prefented manydiSicul b
; ties, I found that foine of thole who seemed ii
, to have undergone the Cow Pux, neverthe- ii
, lefs, on inoculation with the Small Pox. a
. felt itsinfluence jixft the fame as if no difeafe fi
, had been c ommunicated to them by the ic
: cow. This occurrence led me to inquire d
> among the medical pra&itioners in the tl
; country around me, who all agreed in this e
. fentiment, that the Cow Pox was not to be o
:■ relied upon as a certain preventative of the tl
Small Pox. This for a while damped, but
, did not extinguish, my ardor ; for as I pro- o
i ceeded, I had the fatisfa&ion to learn that d
! the cow was fubjeft to fome varieties of n
- ipontaneous eruptions upon her teats ; that ft
! they were all capable oi communicatini k
i fores to the hands of the milkers ; and tlia ;
- whatever lore was derived from the animal
- w. s called in the r'airy the Cow Pox. |
- 1 hus I furmounted a great obftacle, and, v
in confequence, was led to form a diftinc- IV
tion between thefe difeafes, one of whicl n
5 only 1 have denominated the true, the o- c
t!iers the spurious, Cow Pox, as they pof- n
) fefs nofpecitic power over the conftitiltion.jc
- 1 his impediment to my progrels was not r>-
j long removed, before another, of far greater (,
- magnitude in its appearances, ftarted up. tl
• There were not wanting inflances to prove, v;
that when the true Cow Pox broke out d
i among the cattle at a dairy, a perfon who tl
- had milked an infetted animal, and had vr
> thereby apparently gone through the difeafe o
in common with others, was liable to re- c
' ceive the Small Pox afterwards. This, like h
; the former obftacle, gave a painful check to I
my fond and afpiring hopes : but refledling c
i that the operations of Nature are generally f<
• uniform, and that it was not probable the h
; human confutation (having undergone the fi
; Cow Pox) Ihould in lome inflances be per-'tl
- fedtly fhieided from the Small Pox, and in j
i many others remain unprotected, I refum-.e
.ed my labors with redoubled ardor. The *i
> re.fult was fortunate ; for I now discovered t
c that the virus of Cow Pox wis liable to un- t,
s dergo pr >greffive changes, from the fame I
> caufes precifely as that of Small Pox ; andj«
- that when it was applied to the human /kin;
? in its degenerated ftate, it would produce
s the ulcerative effects in a.3 great a degree
Jas when it was not de compofed, and fome
j times far greater ; but having loft its spcci-'i
yjic properties, it war, incapable of producing!
f|that change upon the human frame which
-lis requisite to render it unffceptible'of tbe r
(variolous cpnta jion : lo that it becafvr evi-'
v'dent a perfon might milk a cow one
,'ant h iviig caught the difeafe, he for ever
1 fecure ; while another perfon, tiilking the ~;
j fame cow the next day, might feel the'in-jt
-jflu nee of the virus in Inch a way, as toi
'produce h fore or fores, and in confcquence '
t of this might experience an indifpolition to J!
r a confiderable extent; yet, as has been ob- ■
e ferved. the fpecific quality being ldft, the t
r tonfluution wc.u'id rcceive no peculiar ira- i
i pre Hien. jf
Y Here the clofe analogy between the virus;* 3
t of Small Pox and of Cow Pox becomes re-i
1 markably confpicuous; lince the former
jUvhtn taken from a nt puftnle, and im- a
• mediately ufed, gives the perfect Small Poxj
to the perfon on whom it is inoculated • U
t but when :nken in a far advanced ft age of
• j the difeafe, or when (although taken ear- *
e|ly) previoufly to its infertion, it ne expofed rj
fto I nch agents as, according to the efta- t
bliftied laws of nature, caufe its dt.com- 'a
pofition, it can no longer be relied on as,"
efFeftiial. This obfervation will fully ex
plain the fource of tliole errors which have
been committed by many inoculators of r
the Cow Pox. Conceiving the whole pro
cefj to be fo extremely fimple, as not to ad- c
. mit of a miftake, they have ben htedl-f '
about the ftate of the Vaccine Viius ; and f
? finding it limpid, as part of it Svill be, even p
in an advanced ft age of the puftnle, when :
- the greater portion has been converted into
, -i fcab, they have felt an improper confi
-1 de nee, and fonvtinv; nrftaken a fpuiiou
luftule, which the the Vaccine fluid in this
d Rate is capable of exciting-, for that which
wjjoflVfles tlit* perfett chnra&er.
dj During the invefligation of the cafml
njCow Pox, I was ftruck with the idea that
n jit might he pradticuhle to propagate thedif
d'eafe by inoculation, after the manner of the
is' Small Pox, fit'ft from the cow, and finally
i-jtVom one human being to another. 1 anx
vvjioufly waited fome time for an opportunity
:-jof putting this theory to t!ie u ft. At
Vjlengh t!:e period arrived. The full experi
-0 mentwas made upon a lad of the name of
it!l'hinps. in whole arm a little Vaccine virus
)- was inferted, taken from the handof a young
woman who had been accidentally infe&ed
d l»y a cow. Notwithftanding the reienr
it blance which the puftule, thus excited on
I- the boy's arm, bore to variolous iuocula
r - tion, yet as the indilpofition attending it
was barely perceptible, I could fcarcely
is perfuade mylelf the the patient was fecure
> from the Small Pox. However, on his
1 being inoculated fome months afterwards,
dit proved that he was fecure.* This Cafe
-- infpired me with confidence ; and as I'oori
c, as I could again furnifh myfelf with viru3
f from the cow, I made an arrangement for
e leri'js of inoculations. A number of chd
e dren were inoculated in !\i ocelli on, one from
e the other ; and after feveral months had
is elapfed, they were expo fed to the infedlion
e ol the Small Pox ; fome by inoculation, o
e thers by variolous effluvia, and fome in both
It ways ; but they ail refilled it. Tho rcfult
)- of thefe trials gradually led me into a wi
it der fit-Id of experiment, which I went over
>f not only with great at tenli n,but with pain
t ful 1 ns became univerfally
known through a treatife pubiilhed in June
;798. '1 he refult of my further experU
! "UCe was alfo brought forward in fnbfe
pjent 1 publications in the two fucceeding
I, wars, 1799 and 1800. The diflruit and
- fcepticifm which naturally arofe in the
1 minds of medical men, en my firft announ
i- cing lo unexpedled a dilcovery, has now
- nearly difuppeatrd. Many hundreds
i.'of them, from aftual experience, have
>t givv*n their atteftations that the inoculated
i' Cow Pox proves a pe feft fecurity again fl
>• the Sln.ill Pox ; and I fliall probably be
:, wit-inn compafs if I fay, thoufands are rea
t dy to follow their example; for the fcope
o that this inoculation has now taken is im
d menfe. An hundred thoufand perfons, up
e o" the fmalleft computation, have been ino
culated in thefe realms. The numbers who
e have partaken of its benefits throughout
0 Europe -nd other parts of the globe are in
g calculable : and it now becomes too mani
y fell to admit of controverfy, that the anni
e hilation of the Small PoX, the molt dread
ejful fcourge of the human fpecies, muft be
'-.the final refult of this practice.
n| * This boy was inoculated nearly at the
>-.expiration of five years ajterivards with
ic variolous matter, but tw other effect Was
d broduced beyond a local inflammation around
the punctured part upon the arm.
e |
ej CONVEYANCERS' OFFICE,
•ej AND
:-) Office for s/>r.n of cjfr loi's,
'" On the Pennsylvania Avenue fronting the I'rcfi
gj dent's Squ re, rear Rhodes's tavern, City of
hi Wafhington,
iC r PHOMAS HERTY has connected with the
[. 1 bufinefs of drawirg C ..veyancca of Land,
'Wills, Mortgages, Le»fes, Bonds, Alignments
powers of Attorney, J Cf.tion3, and every other
; pecies of deod »r contradfc in the profelfion ; thit
ie «t buying, felling and leafing lots and houl'es in
l-jtbeCity, nejforiacing loans, &c.
to! His long experience as a draftsman, and know
e ledge of the law* relative thereto—the kn >w
:o ledge which he has acquired by refidence of fhe
fituation of City Lots, and how their titles ha ve
been acquired, or are liable to be afTetSed ; toge
ie tlier with hi* impartial and ftricft regard co the
»- intereft of thofe who may be pleifed to employ
jhim, will, he hopes, iecure to him a continuance
ls; of public patrena^e.
e _j Titles to real property inveftitfated, and opi
nions given thereon when required.
" j l v or fale a great variety of Lots, in defir
[l* abie fituatipnsin the City
iX! N. B. At the above office may be had, big
•! Abridgement of the l.sws of Maryland, price
■jf ft dollars. Alio his Digeft of the Laws of the
j. United States, price 3 dollar*. As the Laws
_ . Maryland are in lull force on this fi !e the poto
mack, it behoves lettlers to avail themfelves of
chat information which affects their lives, liberties
1- 'and pr»p ny. He who is without a knowledge
is (Of his ' rule of condti&" is like a ftranger in
1 ! his native land.
( . May 4. aaw4w. iawa
Hie fubferiber rclpecStfully ac
]_ cquaint< the public, that he removed to the
j- cornir of Ninth an E ftreets, where he continue;
i to niamifaflure and fell all kinds of Ornameatf
K ' for Chimney piece s, Door Caps, Frontilpiece*
; u Metal Sallies, Bcc. which may alfo be bad at his'
No. jr, Barclay ftreet, York, and at
ro Mr. Wii.d'# ftore, Maikct ftreet, Baltimore.
i. GhOliGE A ADR Jim*
Who has gold leaf for hy the package cf>
• Sook
'' May 8, 1801. iy