The New-Jersey gazette — Burlington [N.J.], 1786-09-04 00:00:00, page 1

Extract from the "Journal of Congress, July 7, 1786.
CONGRESS took into consideration a re
port of a grand committee, to whom,
among other things, was referred a moti
on of Mr. Monroe, receding the ceflions
of western territory, and forming the
fame into states, and the committee hav
ing submitted that it be rcfolved,
" That it be recommended to the legislatures of the
states of Massachusetts and Virginia, to take into Con
sideration their afts of cession, and revise the fame, so
far as to empower the United States in Congress as
sembled, to make such division into Rates of the ceded
lands and territory, as the situation of the country and
future circumstances may require; with this limitation
and condition however, that all the territory of the
United States, lying northwest:, of the river Ohio,
shall be formed into a number of states, not less than
two, nor more than five, to be admitted into the con
federacy, on the principles and in the forms hereto
fore established and provided."
A motion was made by Mr. Grayson, fecondcd b y
Mr. Lee, to postpone the consideration of the famle,
in order to take up the following:
" That it be recommended to the states of Virginia
and Massachusetts, so to alter their acts of cellion, as
that the states in the weflern territory may be bounded
as follows: There shall be three states between the
Ohio and a line running due cast from the Miffifippi
to the eastern boundary of the United States, so .as
to touch the inoft southern parts of lake Michigan.
The Rate lying on the Miffifippi shall be separated from
the middle Rate, by a line running due north from the
western fide of the mouth of the Wabafli river, till it
interfeCts the laid e2ft line; the middle Rate shall be
separated from the others by the afordaid line, and a
line also running due north from the weflern fide cf°
the mouth of the Big Miami, till the interfedion there
of with laid east line ; and the other Rate shall be di
vided from the middle Rate by the laid line, the fair! j
enft line, lake Erie, the bounds of Pennsylvania, the
other original states and Ohio: there shall be a Rate
between the said cast line, lake Michigan, lake Huron :
and the straits of Michiiimakinak ; and another be
tween the said east line, the lakes Michigan and Supe
rior, and the boundary line of the United States and
the river Miffifippi, to be admitted into the confede
racy, on the principles and in the forms heretofore
established and provided." And on the question to
postpone for the purpose above-mentioned, the yeas
and nays -being required by Mr. Grayson, the ques
tion was loft.
A motion was then made by Mr. Pinckney, seconded
by Mr. Symmes, to strike opt the words " with this
limitation and condition however that all the territory
of the United States lying northwest of the river Ohio,
&c. to the end." ,
And, on the question, shall those words Rand ? The
yeas and nays being required by Mr. Grayson, the
gidlion was loft, and the words were struck out.
The resolution being amended to read as follows :
That it be recommended to the legislature of Vir
ginia, to take into consideration their aft of ceffioii,
and revise the fame so far as to empower the United
States in Congress aflembled to make such a division
of the territory of the United States lying northerly
and weßerly of the river Ohio, into (lifting republi
can states, not more than five nor less than three, as
the situation of that country and future circumstances
may require, which Rates shall hereafter become mem
bers of the federal union, and have the fame rights of ,
sovereignty, freedom and independence as the origi
nal states, in conformity with the resolution of Con
gress of the tenth October 1780.
On the question to agree to the resolution as amend
ed, the yeas and nays being required by Mr. Grayson,
it was refolded in the affirmative.
The report being further amended, the whole was
agreed to as follows :
Whereas it appears from the knowledge already ob
tained of the trad of country lying northwest of the
river Ohio, that the laying it out, and forming it into
states of the extent mentioned in the icfolution of
Congress of the tenth of October, 1780, and in one
of the conditions contained in the cession of Virgi
nia, will be productive of many and great inconve
niencies: That by such a division of the country,
some of the new dates will be deprived of the advan
tages of navigation, some will be improperly inter
feCtcd by lakes, rivers and mountains, and some will
contain tob great a proportion of barren unimproved
land, and.of confcquence will not for many years, if
ever, have a fufficient number of inhabitants to form
a refpeCtable government, and entitle them to a feat
and voice in the federal council: And whereasjn fix
ing the limits and dimensions of the new Rates, due ,
attention ought to be paid to natural boundaries, and
NEW-JERSEY GAZETTE.
Vol. IX.]
TRENTON: Printed by ISAAC COLLIN S, Printer to the State.
MON DA Y, September 4, 1786.
a variety of circumstances which will be pointed out
by a more perfect knowledge of the country, so as to
provide for the future growth and prosperity of each
Rate, as well as for the accommodation and security
of the firft adventurers. In order, therefore, that the
end of government may be attained, and that the
states which shall be formed, may become a speedy
and sure accession of strength to the confederacy,
Resolved, That it be, and it is hereby recommended
to the legislature of Virginia, to take into considerati
on their aft of ceflion, and revise the fame, so far as
to empower the United States in Congress assembled,
to make such a division of the territory of the United
States lying northerly and westerly of the river Ohio,
into diftind republican Rates, not more than five, nor
less than three, as the situation of that country and
future circumstances may require; which states shall
hereafter become members of the federal union, and
have the fame rights of sovereignty, freedom and in
dependence, as the original states, in Conformity with
the resolution of Congress, of the tenth of October,
1780.
^O^O'X^S^^xfy-O^-O^
From the American Mercuro printed in Hartford.
Mr. BABCOCK,
THE progress of that deftruftive infeCt called the
1 Hessian Fly is truly alarming. From Staten Island,
where it was firft difeovered about seven years ago, its
ravages have been extended near twenty miles a year,
till they have now reached upwards of 100 miles in
every direction on the land. It is well known that the
crops of wheat in all that tract of country have 'fallen
before it. The farmcis beyond dread its approach the'
ensuing season ; and the profpeCt is, that, if no means
are difeovered to prevent its progress, the whole con
tinent of North-America will be over-run; a calamity
more to be lamented than, the ravages of war. The
following letter appears to rhe to afford some hints that
may be ufeful on this important fubjeCt.
Ch the EFFECTS of ELDER,
In preferring growing Plants from Insects and
• Flies.
( In a letter from Mr. CbriJlopber Gullet to Dr. Matty,
Qubhfbed in the new volume of the philosophical tranf
adions.)
Sir,
I Should not presume to trouble you as a member of
l the Royal Society with the following letter, did not
the fubjeCt feepi to promise tp be of great publick uti
lity. Il relates to the effects of elder;
, Sambucus fruclu in umbella nigro.
I. In prelcrving cabbage-plants from being eaten or
damaged by caterpillars.
Z. In preventing blights, and their effect on fruit and
other trees.
3. In the preservation of crops of wheat from the
yellows and deftrudive infects.
4. Also in saving crops of turnips from the fly, &c.
I. 1 washed to my firft experiments, by confidcring
how disagreeable aqd offenfive to our olfactory nerves
the effluvia emitted by a brush of green elder leaves
are, and from thence reasoning how much more so
they must be to those of a butterfly, whom I consider
ed as being as much superior to us in delicacy as infe
rior in size. Accordingly I took some twigs of young
elder, and with them whipt the cabbage-plants' well,
but so gently as not to h^rt them, just as the butterflies
firft appeared : from which time, for these two sum
mers, though the butterflies would hover and flutter
round them like gnomes or sylphs, yet I could never
fee one pitch, nor was there I believe a single cater
pillar blown after the plants were so whipt; though
an adjoining bed was infefted as usual.
2. Reflecting on the effects above-mentioned, and
considering blights as chiefly occasioned by small flies,
and minute intents, whose organs are proportionably
finer than the former, I whipt the limbs of a wall
plumb-tree as high as I could reach; the leaves of
which were preserved green, flourishing and unhurt,
while those not fix inches higher, and from then'ce
upwards, were blighted, Ibrivelled up, and full If
worms. Some of thefe'laft I afterwards reftorfd ,
whipping with, and tying up, elder among them. It
mutt be noted that this tree was in full bloom at the
time of whipping, which was much too late, as it
Ihould have been done once or twice before the blof
h>m appeared. But 1 conclude from the whole, that
if an intufion of elder was made in a tub of water, so
that the water might be strongly impregnated there
with, and then sprinkled over the tree by a hand en
gine once every week or fortnight, it would effectually
answer every purpose that could be wished, without
any poflible riik of hurting the bloflcms or fruit.
3. What the farmers call the yellows in wheat, and
which they confidcr as a kind of mildew, is in fad oc
caficned by a small yellow fly with blue wings, about
THE
the size of a gnat. This blows in the car of the corn
and produces a worm, almost invitible to the naked
eye; but being seen through a pocket microscope, it
appears a large yellow maggot, of the colour and gloss of
amber, and is so prolific that I laR week distinctly
counted forty-one living yellow maggots or infeCts in
the hulk of one single grain of wheat—a number Effi
cient to eat up and destroy the coru in a whole ear.
I intended to have tried the following experiment
looser, but the dry hot weather bringing on the corn
raker than it was expected, it was got and getting
into fine blossoms ere 1 had an opportunity of order
ing as I did. But however, the next morning at day
break, two servants took two bushes of elder, and
w ' nt .°L e ° n e a c h '" e °' " le ridge from end to end
and to back again, drawing the elder over the cars of
.° f luch £clds as were not too far advanced in
blossoming. I conceived, that the disagreeable effluvia
of the elder would effectually prevent those flies from
pitching their tents in so noxious a situation ; nor was
I disappointed, for I am firmly persuaded that no flies
pitched or blowed on the wheat after it had been so
flruck. But I had the mortification of obfervin^ the
flies (the evening before it was struck) already on the
corn (Rx, seven, or eight, 011 a tingle car) so that what
damage hath accrued was done before the operation
took place ; for on examining it laR week I found the
wheat which had been struck pretty free of the vellows,
very much more to than what was not ftruck.'l have
therefore no doubt, but that had the operation been
performed fyoner, the corn would have remained to
tally clear and untouched. II so, simple as the pro
cels is, I flatter mylclf it bids fair to preserve fine
crops of wheat from deftruClion, as the small infeCts
are the crops greatest enemy. One of those yellow
flies laid at least eight or ten eggs of an oblong shape
on my thumb, only while carrying by the wing across
three or four ridges, as appeared on viewing it with a
pockut nuciwA^pv.
4. Crops of turnips are frequently destroyed, when
young, by being bitten by some infects, either flies or
fleas. This I flatter myfelf may be effectually pievtut
ed, by having an elder-bulb spread so as to cover about
the breadth of a ridge, and drawn once forward and
backwaid over the young turnqs. lam confiimed in
this idea by having struck an elder bush over a bed of
young colliflower-plants, v.hich had begun to be bit
!''!',°d would otherwise have been destroyed by those
infeCts; but after that operation it remained untouched.
Inlupport of my opinion I beg leave to mention
the following fact from very credible information
1 hat about eight or nine years ago this country was
so infefted with cock-chaffers or oak webs, that in
many parishes they eat every green thing, but elder ;
nor left a green leaf untouched, besides elder-bullies,
which alone remained green and unhurt amid the
general devaluation of so voracious a multitude. On
reflecting on these circumstances a thought suggested
itfelf to me, whether an elder now esteemed noxious
and offenfive may not be one day seen planted with,
and entwifting its branches among fruit-trees, in or
der to preserve the fruit from deftrudion of infers;
and whether the fame means produced these fcveral
effeCts may not be extended to a great variety of other
cases, in the preservation of the vegetable kingdom.
The dwarf-elder ( ebulus) I apprehend emits more
offenfive effluvia than common elder, therefore must be
preferable to it in the Icveral experiments.
Sir,a
Your most obedient,
humble fertant,
Cur. Gullet.
The work from which the above is extracted did not
come into my hands till it was too late to make expe
riments on the last crop, but if the hint Ihould ftrikc
the minds of the pubiick with a strong probability as
it does mine, it may be ufeful to publilh it before feed
time, that farmers who have had their wheat destroyed
may fore a small quantity in order to make the expe
riment.
As the Hessian liifeC Idepofits its eggs in October or
May, when the wheat is small, perhaps the belt method
would be to make a strong infufion of elder in water,
and Iprinklc it over the ridges with a water-pot. Q?e
re, whether tne weed vulgarly call poke weed, and ano
ther henbane, do not contain qualities as noxious to
infests, and may not be ukd with as great profpeCt of
success as the elder.
I am, fir, vour humble servant,
Z.
.<>-<> r&gSQ^K,..^,
British House of Commons,
Tuesday, June 13.
Impeachment of Mr. Haflings.
I.N confcquence of Mt. Fox's -expected motion this
day, in the affair of Benares, the house was full at five
[Numb. 434.]