The royal gazette — [Charleston] S.C., 1781-09-29 00:00:00, page 2

THE Character of Julian has been variouß, reprefefited by
ancient writers, according to the different prejudices
which they had imbibed. By tome he is extolled with the
highest panegyric, and by others, ttigmalifed with all the ft
verity of censure. Mr. Gibbon has treated the fubjed in afa
vourable, but, we think, an impartial manner.
" Beside, the reigning Emperor, fays he, Julian alone survived,
of all the numerous posterity of Conftantius Chlorus. The misfor
tune of his royal birth involved him in the disgrace of Gullus. From
his retirement in the happy country of lonia, he was conveyed under
a Rrong guard to the court of Milan; where he languished above
seven months, in the continual apprehepfion of fuffcring the fame ig
nominious death, which was daily infli&ed, almost before his eyes,
on the friends and adherents of his persecuted family. His looks, his
gestures, his silence, were fcrucinized with maligant curiosity, and
he was perpetually affaultedby enemies, whom he had never offended,
and by arts to which he was a flranger. But in the fchoyl of adversity,.
Julian insensibly acquired the virtues of firmnefs and diferetion. He
defended his honour, as well as his life, againtl the eufnaring subtle
ties of the Eunuchs, who endeavoured to extort some declaration of
his sentiments; and wh'ilfl he cautiously suppressed his grief andrefent
ment, he nobly dil'dained to flatter the tyrant, by any feemihg appro
bation of his brotlier's murder. Julian mod devoutly ascribes his mi
raculous deliverance to the protection of the Gods, who had exempted
his innocence from the sentence of deftru&ion pronounced by their
justice against the impious house of Constantine. As the most effec
tual indance of their providence, he gratefully acknowledges the flea,
dy and generous friendship of the Ernprefs Eulebia, a woman of beau
tyand merit, who, by the afceendant which she had gained oyer the
mind of her husband, counterbalanced, in some measure, the power
ful confpiricy of the Eunuchs. By the intercession of his patroness,
Julian was admitted into the Imperial presence; he pleaded his cause
wkch a decent freedom, lie was heard with favour; and notwithdanu-
Ing the efforts of his enemies, who urged the danger of sparing an
avenger of the blood of Gallus, the , milder sentiment of Eufebia pre
vailed in the council. But the efFedts of a second interview were
dreaded by the Eunuchs; and Julian was advised to withdraw lor a
while into the neighbourhood of Milan, till the Emperor thought
proper to assign the city of Athens for the place of his honourable
exile. As he had difeovered from his carlieft youth, a propennty or
rather paflion, for the language, the manners, the learning, and the
religion of the Greeks, he obeyed witli plcafure an order so agreeable
to his wishes. Far from the tumult of arms and the treachery of
courts, he spent fix months amidll the groves of the academy, in a
free intercourse with the philosophers of the age, who studied to cul
tivate the cenius, to encourage the vanity, and to inflame the devo
tion of their royal pupil. Their labours were not unfuccefsful; and
Julian inviolably preferred for Athens that tender regard, which fel
<iom fails to arise in a liberal mind, from the recollection of the place
where is lias difeovered and exercised its growing powers, the gen
tleuvfs and affability of manners, which hn temper suggested and his
situation imposed. infcnfibly engaged the afledbons of the Grangers,
as well as citizens, with whom he conversed. Some of his fellow
lludents might perhaps, examine his behaviour with an eye of preju
dice and uverfion; but Julian eftabhfbed, in the schools of Athens,
a general prepoffcilion in favour of his virtues and talents, which was
foen diffefcd over the Roman world.
“ Whiift his hours were palled in studious retirement, the Em
p&ifs, resolute to atchieve the generous design file had undertaken,
was not unmindful of the care of his fortune. The death of the late
C^far had left Conftantius invefled with the folc command, and op
preff^l by the accumulated weight of a mighty Empire. Before the
wounds of civil dilcord could be healed, the provinces of Gaul were
overwhelmed by a deluge of Barbarians. The Sarmatians no longer
refpedted the barrier of the Danube. The impunity of rapine had
ii©rdafed the boldness and numbers of the wild Ifaiu ians: those rob
bers defeended from their craggy mountains to ravage the adjacent
country, -and had even prefamed, though without success, to besiege
the important city of Selqucia, which was defended by a gafrifon of
twee Roman legions. Above all, the Persian monarch, elated by
victory, again threatened the peace of Asia; and the presence of the
Emperor was indilpeufably required, both in the Weft and in the
foft. For the frtt time, Conftantius fmeerely acknowledged, that
his tingle strength was unequal to iuch an extent of care and of domi
-11,011. Insensible to the voice of flattery, which assured him that his
all powerful virtue, and celestial fortune, would dill continue to
triumph over ever y obstacle, he likened with complacency to the ad
vice of Eufebia, which gratified his indolence, without offending his
suspicious pride. As she perceived that the remembrance of Gakus
dwelt on the Emperor's mind, she artfully turned his attention to the
opposite characters of the two brothers, which from their infancy
had been compared to those of Doniitian and of Titus. She accus
tomed her huiband to confider Julian as a youth of a mild unambiti
ous disposition, whose allegiance and gratitude might be Secured by
the gift of the purple, and who was qualified to fill, with honour, a
subordinate Ration, without aspiring to dispute the command-, or to
ihade the glories, of his Sovereign and benefactor. After an obfli
ftate, though secret druggie, the opposition of the favourite Eunuchs
submitted ro the afeendency of the Empress; and it was resolved that
Julian, after celebrating his nuptials with Helena, filler of Conftan
tius, should be appointed, witli the title of Cxfar, to reign over the
countries ' beyond the Alps./
“ Although the order which recalled him to court was probably
accompanied by some intimation o£ his approaching greatneSs, he
appeals to the people of Athens to witness his tears of undiffcmbled
sorrow, when he was reluctantly torn away from his beloved retire
.ment. He trembled for his life, for bis fame, and even for his vir
tue; and his sole confidence was derived from the persuasion, that
Minerva inspired all his actions, and that he was protected by.an in
visible guard of angels, whom for that purpose she had borrowed
from the fun and moon. He approached, with horror, the palace
of Milan ; nor could the ingenuous youth conceal his indignation,
when he found himfelf accofled with falfe and servile relped by
the assassins of his family. Eufebia, rejoicing in the success of her
benevolent schemes, embraced him with the tenderness of a filter;
and endeavoured, by the most Toothing caresses, to dispel his terrors,
and reconcile him to his fortune; But the ceremony of (having his
beard, and his aukward demeanor, when he firfl exchanged the cloak
of a Greek philosopher for the military habit of a Roman prince,
amused, during a few days, the levity of the Imperial court."
; In the twenty-second chapter we find Julian in the undispu
ted poffeflion of the Roman empire, pursuing with great zeal
a reform of the palace and government, the abuses introduced
into which are painted by our author in a very lively and for
cible light.. To the extract, relative to the character of this
prince, given above, we shall now subjoin some farther obser
vations made by the hiftbrian on the fame fubjeCt.
" The generality of princes, if they were dripped of their purple,
and raft naked into the world, would immediately fink to the lowed
rank of Society, without a hope of emerging from their obfeurity.
But the personal merit of Julian was, in some measure, independent
of his fortune. Whatever had been his choice of life, by the force of
intrep d courage, lively wit, and intense application, he would have
obtained, or.at least he would have deserved, the highest honours of
his profeffion; and Julian might have raised himfelf to the rank of
minister, or general, of the hate in which he was born a private citi
zen. If the jealous caprice of power had disappointed his expecta
tions,. if he had prudently declined the paths of greatnefe, the em
ployment of the fame talents in studious. Solitude, Would have placed,
beyond the reach of kings, his present happiness and his immortal
fame. When we infpe&, with minute, or perhaps malevolent at
tention, the portrait of Julian, Something seems wanting to .he grace
and perfection of the whole figure. His genius was less powerful
and sublime than that of C^far; nor did he possess the confummatc
prudence of Augustus. The virtues of Trajan appear more Steady
and natural, and the philosophy of Marcus is,more simple and con
fident- Yet Julian,fuftained adversity with firmnefs, and prosperity
with moderation. After an interval of one hundred and twenty
years from the death of Alexander Severus, the Romans beheld an
Emperor who made no diftindion between his duties and his plea
LITERARY ARTICLE.
betrays from the ad and 3d Volumes of Gibbon J I„ory of the
Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire.
\ fures; who laboured to relieve the distress, and to revive the Spirit
of his fubje&s; and who endeavoured always to connect authority
with,merit, and happiness with virtue. Even faction, and religi
ous faction, was conitra.ned to acknowledge the Superiority of his
genius, in peace as well as in war; and to conft fs, with a sigh, that
the apostate Julian was a lover of his country, and that he deserved
the empire of the world."
In the Succeeding chapter, our author remarks, that the
cause ot Julian's strange and fatal apoftacy may be derived from
the early period of his life, when he was left an orphan in the
hands ot the murderers of his family; and this observation the
historian confirms by a variety of judicious reflections. As one
of the most flagrant acts by which this Emperor manifefted nis
aversion to Christianity, was the order he issued for rebuilding
the temple of Jerusalem, .we shall lay before our readers the
historian's account of'this transaction, with his observations
on the event.
" Fhe vain and ambitious mind of Julian might aspire to restore
the ancient glory of the temple of Jerusalem. As the Christians were
firmly perfwaded that a sentence of everlasting deftruCtion had been
pronounced against the whole fabric of the Mosaic kivt, the Imperial
sophist would have converted' the success of his undertaking into a
Specious argument against the faith of prophecy, and the truth of re
velation. He was displeased with the fpirituai worship of the syna
gogue; but he approved the institutions of Moses, who had not dis
dained to adopt many of the rites and ceremonies Of Egypt, The
local and national deity of the Jews was fmeerely adored by a poly
theist, who desired only to multiply the number of the gods; and
such was the appetite of Julian for bloody Sacrifice, that his emulati
on might be excited by the pity of Soloman, who had offered, at
the lead of the dedication, twenty-two thuufand oxen, and one hun
ded and twenty thousand sheep. Thefu confidcrations might in
fluence his designs; but the prol'ped of an immediate and important
advantage, would not Suffer the impatient Monarch to expert the re
mote and uncertain event of the Periiah war. He resolved to ere&,
without delay, on the commanding eminence of Moriah, a stately
temple, which might eclipse the Splendour of the church of the Re
furredlion on the adjacent hill of f alvary; to establish an order of
prices whose interested zeal we , a detect the arts. and reiiß the am
bition, of their Christian rival ; and to invite a numerous colony of
Jews, whose stern fanaticifm wbuld be always prepared to Second,
and even to anticipate, the hoftife measures of the Pagan govern
ment. Among the friends of the Emperor (if the names of empe
ror and of friend are not incompatible) the firfl place was assigned,
by Julian himfelf, to the virtuous and learned Alypiu . The huma
nity of Alypius was tempered by Severe juhice, and manly fortitude;
and while he exercised his abilities in the civil administration of Bri
tain, he imitated, in his poetical compositions, the harmony and foft
nefs of the odes of Sappho. This Minister, to whom Julian com
municated, without reserve, his most careless levities, and his most
Serious councils, received an extraordinary commission to restore, in
its pristine beauty, the temple of Jerusalem; and the diligence of
Alypius required and obtained the Itrenuous Support of the Gover
nour of Palestine. At the call of their great deliverer, the Jews,
from all the provinces of the Empire, assembled on the holy moun
tain of their fathers; and their insolent triumph alarmed and exaspe
rated the Christian inhabitants of Jerusalem. The delire of rebuilding
the temple has, in every age, been the ruling pahion of the children
of Israel. In this propitious moment the men forgot their avarice,
and the women their delicacy; Spades and pickaxes of silver were pro
vided by the vanity of the rich, and the rubbifli was transported in
mantles of silk and purple. Every puife was opened in liberal con
tributions, every hand claimed a Share in the pious labour; and the
commands of a great Monarch were executed by the enthusiasm of a
whole people.
" + Yet, on this occasion, the joint efforts of power and enthusiasm
were unfuccefsful; and the ground of the Jewiffi temple, which is
now covered by a Mahometan mosque, Rill continued to exhibit the
fame edifying fpe&acle of ruin and defulation. Perhaps the absence
and <|:ath of the Emperor, and the new maxims of a Chrifiian reign,
might explain the nterrupticn of an arduous work, which was a
tempted only in the last fix months of the life of Julian. But the
Christians entertained a natural and pious expectation, that, in this
memorable contest, the honour of religion would be vindicated by
some Signal miracle. An earthquake, a whirlwind, and a fiery erup
tion, which overturned and Scattered the new foundations of the
temple, are attested, with some variations, by contemporary and
refpe&ablc ^evidence. This public event is described by Ambrose,
bishop of M lan, in an epistle to the emperor Theodosius, which
most provoke the Severe animadversion of the Jews; by the elocuent
Chrysostom, who might appeal to the memory of the elder part of
his congregation at Antioch; and by Gregory Naziartzen, who pub
lished his account of the miracle before the expiration of the fame
year. The last of these writers has boldly ceclared, that this | reter
natural event was not disputed by the infidels; and his assertion,
strange as it may seem, is confirmed by the unexceptionable testimo
ny of Ammiamb Marcellinus. The philosophic soldier, who loved
the virtues, without adopting the prejudices, of his matter, has re
corded, in his judicious and candid hiflory of his own times, the
extraordinary obstacles which interrupted the restoration of the tem
ple of Jerusalem. “ Whilst Alypius, assisted by the governour of
the province, urged, with vigour and dil gence, the execution of the
work, horrible balls of fire breaking put near the foundations, with
frequent and reiterated.attacks, rendered the place, from time to
time, inaccessible to the scorched and biafted workmen; and the vic
torious element continuing in this manner obstinately and refoluteiy
bent, as it were, to drive them to a diflance, the undertaking was
abandoned.^ Such authority Should fatisfy a believing, and must
astonish an incredulous, mind. Yet a philosopher may frill require
the original evidence of impartial and intelligent fpe&ators. At this
important crisis, any Singular accident of nature would assume the
appearance, and produce the effects, of a real prodigy. This glori
ous deliver an ce would be Speedily improved and magnified by the
pious art of the clergy of Jerusalem, and the a&ive credulity of rhe
Chrifiian world; and, at the distance of twenty years, a Roman
hiflorian, careless of theological disputes, might adorn his work with
the specious and splendid miracle."
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A HOUSE and LOT in Broad-street,
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Enquire at No. 65, in the fame Street.,
ALL Persons having any demands against Mrs. Mary
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ertle with f __2^HA POINSETT, Executor.
MASTERS of vessels, and inhabitants of the town, may
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Brewery of Charleftown. ±fcm.
WANTED TO RENT, "
A Small convenient HOUSE in any public part of the
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T O SOL D,
ry^HREE young NEGRO-MEN, one of whom is a com-
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Malt, Strong and Table Beer,
OF an excellent quality, brewed by the fubferiber in
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^^ b yt WILLIAM HORNBY.
TO BE SOLD, ~
By William-Kerr Ross,
At No. 2, Tradd-ftreet,
For CaJb, Government Bills, or Produce,
JAMAICA Rum by the Puncheon, Mufeovado Sugar by th,
J Hogshead or Barrel, Port Wine in Pipes, Quartercafks T
Be n" % S ° a P , d Candles, Irish Butter, and an Assortment
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M'CLELLAN & WALLACH
At their Store, No. 40, on the Bay,
H^FE FOR SALE,
A Few Tierces and Barrels of bed Jamaica Sugars,
Fresh London Porter in Iloglheads and Barrels,
Fine Hyfon Tea and Loaf Sugar,
Black Pepper, Mustard in Bottles,
Antigua Spirits in Hogsheads.
AL S O,
An Assortment of DRY GOODS
Amongst which are, Rose Blankets of different Sizes, &c.&c,
FOR SAL E,
A FEW Puncheons of Jamaica Spirits
Jamaica and Spanilh Sugars in barrels, Ilogfheadi
And Chests
Hollandfg Gin in Calks
Fine Philadelphia Flour, by
ALEXANDER & LESLIE,
No. 51, on the Bay,
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No. 12, Broad-Street,
Upon the most reasonable Terms,
RE D and White, Port, Madeira, Sherry, Lisbon, and
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Imported in the British Hero, Capt. Hill, from London,
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And to be fold at tbeir Store, No. 92, Broad^reet,
A VARIETY of GOODS,
Fit for the present and approaching Season, iiz.
WHITE, blue and green Plains
London Duffil and Rose Blankets
Striped and white Flannels
Worsted and Yarn Hose
Scarlet Cloaks and Cardinals
Ofnaburgs and Ofnaburg Thread
Brown Hollands
Dyed and bleach'd Ruflia Drabs
Mens, Youths and Boys Hats of all Kinds
Oil and Pickles of all Sorts
Spices and Loaf Sugar
Nails, Hoes, Axes, Locks, Hinges, &c.
Lintfeed Oil and Paints,
Which, with a general Assortment, imported in the Reforation, Capt
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solutely necessary that a clo e should now de put to those Concerns.
I JOHN WALKER.
MACNAIR & MAXWELL,
Have- imported in the Ships Restoration and British Hero,
from London,
AWell-chofcn Assortment of Pickles, India Soy, Ketchup,
Sweet. Oil, Cayenne Pepper, Mustard, and excellent Wine Vi
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They have also for Sale,
Jamaica Spirits
Weft-India Rum
French and Britifli Brandy
Geneva in Cases
Madeira and Port Wine of ex
cellent Qualities
London bottled Porter
Qpuble and tingle refined Loaf
Sugar
Bohea, Souchong & Hyfon Teas
Mufeovado Sugar
far and common Raisins
jordan and Shell Almonds
mgar Can^y and Spanilh Juice
Prunes and Currants
IRISH LINENS
British and German Ofna
burgs-and Ticklenburg
Raven's Duck
Brown and white Ruflia Sheetings
and Drabs
Slicked Dowlas
Brown and white Silefias
Pistol, long Lawns and Cambrics
India Chintz, Printed Linens,
Callicoes and Fine Mullins
Puilicat, I,ungee, Barcelona and
new silk Handkerchiefs
Cotton Romals, Carridaries and
India Persians
Manchester Cotton and Linen
Checks and Stripes
Corduroy, Jeanets, Satinets, De
nims and India Dimity
Marseilles Quilting, Printed Bea
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Superfine and second Broad Cloths
and Ker feymircs
Welch Plains, Flannels, Linfees
and milled Serges
Tammies, Durants & Calliman
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OGrich Feathers and Plumes
IMPORTED,
In the Restoration, Capt. Crombie, from Lond
And to be fold by Whplefale and by the Piece °°'
By GREGOKIE, DOUGLAS, & Co
At tbeir Store, No. 26, Church-Street'
A LARGE ASSORTMENT OF
European and India GOODS
Suitable to the Seafon,'
CONSISTING CHIEFLY OF
M ^ a , nd ?% coar fe and fa
black and white Hats ™
Mens and Womens Shoes
Childrens Morocco and black b
I ther ditto ^
, Silk Gauze, black and whiter
I and Edgings
I Cap Wire, Fringes Trim •
; and Ribbands' ' ^
Mens, Womens and Children,
linen jean and l eath e r Gl^
. Threads, Buckram and
bilk%
I Metal and Fancy Buttons and
Buckles
.Silver Watches
Single and double refined Sara
r Pickles in assorted final! Cass
Florence Oil, Mustard, p,-
and Corks
Cordage
Bar Iron and all Sorts of Nails
Scrubbing Brushes and Mops
Brandy, Geneva and Porter i.
hogsheads and barrels
Bohea and Congo Tea
Soap, Candles, &c. & c .
Black Pepper
Nutmegs, Cinnamon, Cloves and
Mace
Truffels, Morells and Vermicelli
Perfumery and Pomatum
Shaving Boxes and Powder Ba,
Razors in Cases
White Wax Candles
Hunters, glazed and tipt Pipes
An Assortment of Brooms and
Brushes
Queen's and Glass Ware
Soap and Corks
Basket Salt
Scotch Snuff, &c 4 &c. Ac. #