The royal gazette — [Charleston] S.C., 1782-07-06 00:00:00, page 2

LITERARY ARTICLE.
EXTRACT from a PAMPHLET lately published in Eng
land, intitled, “ The Interest of Grfat-Britain, with
regard to her American Colonies, considered." By James
Anderson, M. A. &c.
C H A P. V.
Of the Effects of the American colonies on Croat-Britain, with
regard to civil Liberty, War and Taxes.
IN forming a judgement concerning the expediency of any political
measure, it is necessary that we Should hot only attend to the
effects that seem immediately to spring from it, but also trace those
distant consequences which by not being obviously connected with it
are sometimes thought to be entirely independent of it. A judicious
minifher will fometifacs effect his purpose by mcafures that appear te
have a direct contrary tendency, and a nation is very often ruined by
the very measures that have an apparent tendency to promote its pros
perity. ~
This maxim is in no case more frequently verified than in what re
lates to the extension of empire. To the bulk of mankind nothing
deems so much to forward the prosperity of a date, and to add to its
flability, as the enlarging of its territories, and the fuhjecling to its
power some neighbou ing date: yet this very circumdance has pro
ved the deftru&ibn of more dates than any 6ther that could be named.
'The reasons why a bare extent of territory without a proportional
cncreafe of people proves always pernicious, hafye been already, in some
measure explained: but there are other evils that flow from the iame
cause th^t mull now lie taken into the account.
If manufactures and' commerce depend in a great measure on the
liberty of the fubje&, it mud follow, that whatever has a tendency
to endanger that liberty Should be carefully guarded against in a free
slate. Cenfidered in this light, extended empire can feidom prove
favourable to a commercial Rate. Wiiere there are large dominions
many are the places' of profit that come to be in the difpolal of govern
ment; and the means of accumulating wealth without the exertions
of indultry are ihereafed. Fortunes are thus fuddeuly acquired, yvhich
by introducing a great disparity between the condition of inoivicuais
of the fame clefs, encourages on ope hand a spirit of dependence and
diflipation, while it equally discourages a spirit of industry, modera
tion, and content. Many men who might have been uleul members
of society lofc the bell of their days in idle expSftancy, and remain for
ever poor and dependent. Others, having acquired riches by means
that pcrhap^would not bear the drilled fcrutbiy, have an filtered to
Support tire court, whose favour can mod. effectually screen from
danger. 'ln Ihort, whoever has much to give must ncceffarily obtain
many dependents; in proportion to the extent of affairs will be the
temptation to zbufe, and where there id abuse by those entrusted
with command, a servile refpe& will be paid to tin supreme execu
'tive power. It is from the operation of these causes that the liberties
of Europe have gradually begun to disappear as the kingdoms became
mode extensive : 'and it was thus that the court of Spain in particular,
at a very early period after Die obtained possession of America, found
herfelf enabled to trample upon the ancient privileges of that free and
haughty people.
The conditutien of Britain will effectually guard againd a despotism
under the fame form with that of Spain; but many are the ways in
which the fame cause may operate deftrudiye effe&s upon a trading
nation. Every circumdance, therefore, which tends to facilitate the
sudden acquisition of money by court favour, fhou/d be guarded
against with care, as endangering the liberty of the Rate. In this
sense, extended empire muff ever prove pernicious.
But it is not on this account alone that our connexion with the A
merican settlements is to be dreaded. The temptation it affords for
frequent wars, is a source of Bill greater mifehiefs t. a free, com
mercial, and manufacturing date.
Of all the scourges to which mankind are fubje&ed, war is doubt,
left the mod confidefable. It not only sweeps away by a premature
death numbers of the human species, but it often paves the way for
such miseries to the survivors ? as makes the lot of those who fell in
battle worthy of envy. To develope all the milclriefs that flow from
it would require a more masterly pen than mine; a few of its moil ob
vious effects, and such as more nearly affect the object of our present
disquisition, may be shortly delineated.
During the continuance of war, the national expence is greatly
augmented; and in the confufion that necessarily arises from its nu
merous operations, a wide door is opened for accumulated frauds and
.abuses. Fortunes thus come to be acquired with a rapidity, and to
an extent unknown at other periods: and tliis being forefeen, makes
every needy expectant in the nation look forward with joy to the pe
riod when it seems to approach, and do every thing he can to accele
rate it.
Nor is the idle and the needy dependents on the court only, who
look forward with picture to the approach of war: monied men be
hold it with equal joy. They forefee that the wants of government
will soon be such as to demand their affidance. To ipfure that, they
know they will be placed in such a situation, as shall permit them to
Lyail dvemfelves to the utmost of those treasures, towards the accu
mulation of which their thoughts are chiefly diie&ed. I forbear to
point out the various arts which this claf§ of men have deviled for
profiting by the exigencies of the puklick. It shall fuffice for me here
to observe, that they are so well known in Britain as most effectually
to infur,e their concurrence to every measure that can tend to protract
the war.
From the influence of these two powerful classes of men, aided by
the national folly, which ever gral'ps at extended dominion, a wife
und good minister, were he willing, dares hardly listen to terms of
accommodation, 'till the nation is involved in such misery as prevents
a pollibility of advancing farther. All other elaffes of men, indeed,
so quickly feel the inconveniencies of war, that were they capable of
making themselves heard as well as the moneylenders, or were they
as good judges of what promotes their own interest, they would fcon
put a flop to its career.
In confluence of the exorbitant profit to be made by money in the
capital during war, all that can possibly be raised is carried thither.
Money lent in the most distant corners of the country, for the pur
poses of industry ot commerce, is recalled. This narrows the circle
of credit in an amazing degree, and slackens the hand of induilry in
proportion. Manufactures decline, and poverty in the remote pro
vinces is experienced to a didreffing excess. Many are thus forced to
leave their native homes, the feats of sober industry, and hasten to
the capital, where they become fit tools for ministering to the wants
of dissipation and of guilt, and are 101 l for ever as ufeful members of
the comivunity.
It is thus that War, while it dedroys with wonderful rapidity the
indudrious part of the nation, increases almoil in the fame proportion
the number of its ufdefs, its deftru&ivq members. By drawing the
whole money towards the capital, and a few other places, its circula
tion is confined. It involves the provinces in nrifery, while it over
whelms the court and its dependents with riches, and buries them in
dissipation. National wealth, to those who judge only from the capi
tal, is increating; while in truth, want and indolence are approach
ing with hafly strides.
Such are the natural, and necessary consequences of war. How
careful then ihould every wife flute be to avoid placing herfelf in a
situation that may give frequent opportunities for the worthless part
of her people, by imposing upon the foolish, to involve her in war —
But extent of empire in every case, affords numbeliefs temptations to
cn g a g e i n war; and an empire extended like the Britifli empire in A
merica, is peculiarly liable to this defecl. It at the fame time dimi
nishes our strength, and exposes us to danger. Was it for the interest
of Britain to drain herfelf oilmen, to people those vast defarts, when
such effects might naturally be expelled to flow from it?
But it is not by the unequal circulation of money only, nor by the
temporary suspension of credit, that war and extended empirgeprove
hurtful to a manufacturing kingdom. The money then expended
forms a heavy load of debt, which continues to depress industry and
retard manufactures long after the war is ended. The sums too that
Ure required during peace to command refpe&, and to give Security
to our widely extended provinces, are of themselves so gr^at, as to
be alone a heavy burthen. Both together cannot fail to ,be attended
with the most serious consequences.
Taxes necessarily enhance the price of manufactures, and by confe
queMe deprefo the industry and diminish the trade of a manufacturing
JOHN M O R R I S,
HAS FOR SALE,
On the lowest Terms for Cash,
MESS Beef in tierces, barrel,and half barrels,
Mess Pork in barrels,'
Best English Hams,
Fine green Coffee in bags and barrels,»
Turpentine and White Soap,
Port and Sherry Wine in pipes, of quality equal
to any,
Mufcovado Sugar in bogfheads and barrels,
Orange Juice and Copiac Brandy in calks.
Cba/kfloivn, "June 3 tb, 1782.
No. 54, Bay,
Has just imported in the Jenny, Cant. WAbF, and Ann, Capt.
Gill, from LIVERPOOL,
The following ARTICLES,
Which will be fold on the most reasonable terms for Cash, Bills of
Exchange, or Produce, viz.
Q UPERFINE Flour in barrels,
O New Mess Beef in barrels and half barrels.
Ditto Pork in do.
New Rose Butter in full bound firkins,
Cheese in cabis and hampers,
Hams in calks and hogsheads,
Soap and Candles in boxes,
Railins in calks,
Almonds in do.
Split Peafe in do.
With a variety of other Goods.
To be Let and Entered upon immediately,
THAT elegant and commodious HOUSE, No. (?, Meet
ing-street. For particulars enquire of the Printers.
Eirbt Dollars Reward.
lOST by the Subfetiber, a GentLmaa's G&ld Ring, with
a flat Hair Work, representing two H arts on a Pedeftd, with
two Birds underneath.—The above Reward will be paid on Delivery.
JAMES ASKEW, N% 82, Broad Street.
WHO HAS FOR SALE,
GARDEN SEED S, warranted,
Raddilh, Lettuce, Cucumber, Cabbage, Savoy, Mustard,
and Cresses.
LOST on Friday the 21/7 infant,
A small Red HAIR TRUNK,
The property of an officer, supposed to be left by mistake in
a oanoe near Roper's wharf; there were several letters, and a number
of papers in it which can be of no consequence to any perf n but the
owner. Whoever has found it, by delivering it at either of the
Printers, shall receive FIVE GUINEAS reward, and no quellions
afcd.
TO LET,
FOUR good ROOMS, No. 8% Church-street, ready fur
niihed; also, a Back Store at the laid houle, in the yaid, and
two good Cellars. Please to enquire at the London Coffee-houfe,
Where there will be an ORDINARY opened; each Gentleman to
pay Ora Ldlar for his dinner, which will be on tabic at 3 o'Clock.
and commercial nation in proportion to their amount. This propo
sition is so generally aflbnted to, as to need no iilufhation'here. And
as the expence of government must now a days be entirely defrayed
by taxes, it follows that whatever increases the expence of govern
ment, mull augment the taxes upon the fubje&s of the Rate.
But if, with the expence' of government the number of the people
increases in an equal proportion, the fame taxes will become more
productive, so as to answer the exigencies' of the Gate without pressing
more heavily upon any individuals, or discouraging manufactures in
the smalled degree. If, on the contrary, that expence be greatly
augmented, while the people do not increase nearly in the,fame pro-,
portion, new taxes become necessary. Every individual muff contri
bute more to the flrite than formerly. The price of manufactures
inuftbe enhanced, and the foreign demand mult be diminished in
proportion.
From hence it appears, that as the great business of a modern nu
nifler is to contrive ways and means for defraying the expence of go
vernment, without (lifcour aging the agriculture or manufactures cf a
Slate, one effectual method of attaining that end is to promote as
much as poliible the population of the kingdom.
Since the difeovery of America, this mode of augmenting the na
tional revenue seems to have been entirely overlooked in Europe. In
consequence of our settlements on that continent, the national expence
has prodigiously augmented, and in proportion to that augmentation
has our population been retarded. At the firfl: period, five millions
of people paid by taxes to the amount of one niillfon and a half per
annum; which amounted to about fix Shillings a head. At prefect
nine millions of people pay fifteen millions per annum, or about one
pound fourteen shillings a head, which 'is ahnoft fix times the former
sum. A disproportion which has raised the price of our manufactures
and retarded their sale in cvcry'market to which they.can be lent.
An evil this that has been often felt and complained of, though little
care has been bellowed to difeover the source from whence it springs,
or to guard against the tffe&s that may naturally be expected from it.
The amount of our taxes'll,as indeed afforded a fubjed for much de
clamation; but the causes of the great encreafe of the national expense
which occasions these taxes, has seldom bechdhought of. The pref
fiue of our taxes has been complained of, but it has not been fuggeded
that this preflure has been greatly augmented in c,onfequcnce of the
paucity of our people, which has been in a great measure occafiened
by rhe emigrations to America, and our exactions in its defence.
When our manufactures have been thrown out of employment, from
a stagnation of demand in foreign markets, occasioned by tl c circum
stances alovenamed, milead of contriving means to alleviate their
burthens, and to furnish them with employment at home, allurements
have been held out to entice them to foe colonies, where taxes were
hardly known and protection has been afforded gratis. It does not
seem to have be^u adverted to by thofe'who promoted tliefe measures,
that in consequence of the emigrations arising from these causes, the
taxes on those behind would require # to be augmented, and that of
course, the evil complained of would be encreafed, and greater mi
grationsbecometieceflary ; vQich, if the fame ccpdu& is to be dbfer
fed, mull go on enercahug till the total depopulation of the Slate puts
a flop to them.
Had our people inflead of being enticed to go to America, been
kept at home and encouraged to prosecute manufactures with vigour,
we Should have been at once freed of all the expence thet has been
laid out in the fcttlement and defence of that country, which can
hardly be reckoned lets than one half the whole national expence;
instead of twenty millions our expenditure would in that case, have
in al! probability, scarce amounted to fix millions a year; and instead
of nine millions of people, we Should, in all probability, have pofl'cf
fed fifteen. In that case, our whole taxes, instead of forty four Shil
lings and five-pence, would not have amounted th more than Seven
Killings and fix-pence a head. I leave any one to judge what en
couragement our manufactures would receive, were such an abate
ment of our taxes at present to take place, or rather to confider what
encouragefnent our manufaChCrrs would have received, in regard to
foreign trade, especially had such a rife in cur taxes never taken place.
In that case we Should not have been obliged t@ have had recourse to
monopolies and other Similar contrivances to support our decaying
manufactures, but would have found a ready Sale in the world at
large lor all we could have produced, without the aid of any compul
sory means whatever.
Imported in the lafl Fefols from Britain,
And to be fold at the lowest prices,
By CHARLES MORGAN,
Bookbinder ^ Stationer,
At No 126, Broad-Street,
WRITING Paper of all forts, from Imperial to Pott
warranted of the firft quality; a large assortment of account
Books, Mirfick Books, Ruh d Mufick, Milliner's Pasteboard, Pock
et Books of ail kinds, Port Folio's, best Dutch Quills and ready
made Pens, Crow Pens and Quills, and alinoft every other ufeful
article in the llationary bubnefs.'
AL S O,
A COLLECTION of BOOKS, consisting of histories;
voyages, travels, lives, memoirs, novels, plays, &c. intended for
A CIRCULATING LIBRARY.
Ladies and Gentlemen who ate willing to encourage so ufeful an
undertaking will be pleased to give in their names. Great care will
be taken to add to it every new publication.
A Catalogue to be seen, with the terms and regulations, at the
Library, No, 106, Broad-ftreef.
COLLINS & HAYES,
No. 12, Broad-Street,
Hane imported in the lafl Jhifes from LONDON,
The following ARTICLES,
Which they are feeing on the mos teafonable terms;
RED Port, Madeira, Lisbon and Malmfey wines in pipe.
. hogsheads and quarter-calks *
Lisbon Wine and London Porter in bottles
Soap, Starch and Hair-Powder
Long and short Tobacco Pipes
Paints, Oil, Roll Brimstone
Lamp and Ivory Back and Blacking Balls
Military I,hints, ruffled and plain
Ditto worked, yarn and thread Hose, and
A general assortment of DRY GOODS.
N. B. A number of strong iron-bound CASKS. ff
G hURUE THOMS ON,
At h:s Store on Greenwood's Wharf, near the Lower-Market,
Has on Sale, very reasonable,
UM, Brantyr, W.oe and Geneva
IN. Queen's Ware Unites arid Dishes
Tureens and all forts of Crockery neatly assorted
Mess Beet and Pork in barrels
Exceeding good Lewis's Philadelphia Flour
Bed Pearl Barley of Scotland
. Venison Tongues••
Negro-Cloth, Oinabur^s, Sugar, Tea, &c.
A L.S 0,
A large assortment of TIN ar<l GLASS WARE.
N. B. Storage for goods.y
[HAMILTON STEVENSON, having returnedTTE^
A A place, ano intending to remain some time in it, begs leave to
acquaint the publick, that during his day, he will follow his business
of Fainting in Miniature, and executing designs in hair. Such
Ladies and Gentlemen as nrty wiffi to employ him, will be pleased
to enquire at Mrs. Dawson's, No. 92, Meeting-street.
For LONDO N,
^^ Tbe SHIP
HAPPY RETURN,
William Gickie, Mader,
Burthen about 300 tons, is a fine ship, fails remarkably faft, and
will in two months proceed with or without convoy. For freight or
passage apply to || W. SMITH, No. 33, B y.
— —— CT— - — — = — —_ —,o^
1) UN away from the subscriber the 23d of May lad, a ne
,\_ gro boy named TOM, about feveateen years of age, is ver,
artful, and having a pad signed by Col. Robert Ballihgall no doubt
will attempt to hire himfelf out. This is to forewarn all perlons
whatever from hiring or harbouring the said boy; and all masters
of vcffels from carrying him off the province. A reward of ONE
GUINEA will be paid to any person delivering him to the keeper
of the Sugar-House, or to William Burt, at No. 1, South-Bay;.
Churlefort, lstb, ify.
TO BE SOL I),'
The Brigantines Frzenctfei/), & True-Brito??,
A N 1),
The Schooners/W/y, Balfour, Betfey,Abigail,
Good-Intent, Refugee, & Earl of Lincoln ;
All lately employed and some of them now in the service of Go
vernment: For price and particulars apply to Capt. Harwood, No.
^O, King-dreet.
JAMES ASKEW, Jeweller, &c.
Stakes this Method to acquaint his Friends, and the Publick
in general,
THAT for the more conveniently carrying on his Business,
he has removed from No. 30, on the Bay, to No. 82, Broad-'
Street, neap the Beef-Market.
He has received by the lag Fegels from London,
An Assortment of Gold, Silver, Jewellery, and plated
Articles, Watches, &c.
N. B. Any DEVICE, that Fancy can fugged, executed in
the mod modern Art of raised Hair-Work, with Dispatch.
POWELL, ~HOP T ON, & Co,
HAFF .FOR SALE,
MADEIRA WINE in pipes and half pipes—Mufcovado
Sugar in tierces and small barrel: —Superfine Philadel
phia Fleur; A N D,
A twelve inch CABLE, ofthe bed Hemp. y
HheTiitdcriber is,going to Britain by the tint opportu
nity, be once more earnestly requests all persons indebted t?
him v lifcharge their accounts immediately, that he may be thereby
enabled to pay off such demands as are aguindhim. His HOUSE,.
No. 3, St. Michael's Alley, is to be let, and immediate poffeflion
crivei. 'He has likewbe several good NEGROES, both Men, Wo
men and Bovs to difoofe of at private sale, and sundry other Articles.
, u !v M, 1782. H JAMES COOK.
'LLW' f °ns indebted to the edate of Robert Cuning
uam, deceased, Merchant, of Charleftown, are requeued to
make fpcedy payment; and those who may have any dentands' a
gainst him, will please give in their accounts, to
WILLIAM ROBB, Administrator.
No. 101, Broad-flreet.
N. B. This notice will not be repeated after the 10th inflart.
AFF I.EB EO R^
A pair of compleat Canteens,
Fit for a General or Field Officer. Enquire of Mr. Robertson,
Printer.
Wanted to Charter,
A VESSEL, about one hundred and fifty tons, to load at
St. John's, in Taft-Florida, for London, to draw when loaded
not above 10, feet. For particulars apply to
j^,M 1782. ^ JOHN & ADAM TUNNOr