The New Hampshire gazette — Portsmouth [N.H.], 1810-04-17 00:00:00, page 2

tures, to be exported from hence to
America,and through America to the
foreign W. Indies. It is true, that
such a course of commerce exilted,
and was generally beneficial to us;
though, as to the supply of the foreign
Welk-ladies, it was only a [ubflitution of
American bottoms fir oar own, [ Eng
filh bottoms] We should otherwise
have sent the fame supplies through
our fiee ports, as we used to do be
- fore the war ; and as we are now again
doing in consequence of our own exifling
ffizm,” [the Orders in Council. ]—
Page 33.
. oßy this it appears that a fubflitu
tion of Briti/h bottoms for Awzrican bot
tom; in the W.ladia wrade,is avowedly
one main object of the orders in coun.
cil 3 and it 1s this fublitution which
Mr. Pickering, that enlightened A
merican Sfazefman,” jultifies ! How
can lhe and his coadjutors apologize
to the people of New-England for ad.
vocating acommercial pointof Engli/b
docrine which cuts up by 152 very roots
the vital interefis of the trading <¢lafs
of citizens in Massachusetts and her
sister States ¥We are {fays Mr. Ste
phen)now again fubflituting British bot
foms for tbaé of dmarica,afj the exifling
(orders in council) [yflem ; and in the
fame breath he applauds the sagacity
of Mr Pickering for supporting the
fubßitution. Can any fa& bs more
demonstrative of Mr Pickering’s up
holding the policy of G. B. to the def
_trution of the prosperity of the U. S.
An Américan citizen, we presume,
must have had his eyes brightened with
something of more virtuethan fupbrafy,
toenable him to perceive the welfare of
his own country in an order in cotmncil
which a Pritith migilterial (peaker and
writer boalts. drives the American. bot
tom out of the Wefl-India market. But
we must submit Rill a fewmore.]
. BRTRACTS. :
“ She [America] must, in futdre,
have carried all that part of her tobac
co and other produéts, which w: [the
Englith] formerlv imported, bur did
7ot consume; DIRECTLY TO THE CONTI
NENT ; and taking her returns from
thence, mot from ihis country,” [ Great
Britain. ]—Page 37. :
[Here the fa& is palpable. So
long as England could make profit
out of American produce; so long she
permitted us to trade.” But when
there was a profpe& that the U. States
would make the whole profit 1o be deriv
ed [rom the expertation of their own pro
dulls, by carrying them in American
bottoms * dired/y to the continent,”
without flopping at a British port and
taking returns in British merchandize ;
then, it was lawful, in the eye of Eng
“ lifh policy, to prevent our trade alto
gether 1] - ;
« If, then, (continues Mr Stephen).
by arepeal of our orders in council,
neutral veflels could carry direétly
acd fafely fiom ports of the United
Crares to the continent of Europe, be
yond doubt that would be the only
course of commerce for the rich ex.
porisof the New World, and foreign
manufa&tures alone would he received
~ therein return. WE [the - Englifh]}
{hould soon have 7o frade beyond the
Actlantic, that of our own colonies ex
cepted. We might perhaps continte
to import from the United States,
such articles as we ourleives consume ;
but even for these, fboyld find it bard
#2O pass OUR OWN MANUFAC.
TURES én payment.”—Page 43.
[Thus, then, the United States
mul have no trade if England has no
trade. If Great Britain chooses to
engage in difafterous wars, the United
States mult follow in ber avake. and,
although gfri&ly - neutral; f{uffer -as
much as Great Britain herfelf—nay,
more 3 for, according to the logic of
Mr Stephen, Britith commerce has
been'much more prolperous since the
orders in‘council bave been in. opera
tion ; shac is to fay, in proportion as
American trade has been embarrafled,.
Englith trade has flourithed ! And
this is the policy which that “ enlizht.
ened Statesman,” Mr. Pickering sup.
ports ; and molt lultily he is bepraifed
for itbythe Englih] -
But on this particular poiat we
‘have faid»enoaih for the present. Let
us turn to another quite as interesting,
.one which has been often aflerted by
the republicans, by the late President.
Adams, and which is now broadly ad
_mitted by Mr Stephen bimfelf, name
ly, that there is 2 iAS
A Britifr party in America. .
IRER UYL
‘. €ls the honorable gentleman (Mr.
‘Whitbread, whom Mr. Stephen vas
Wﬁ”ﬂ’) ‘conceives that fuc_h topics
w it have been wholly 'gvo‘lc!ed,/let
T Yecolledt that there are diicsent
“partiesin the United States, as well as
“here; and ONE OF THEM NOT INIMICAL
S 0 Ewouawp. In a fate-paper of
Canoing?s Garcaftc ketter 10 Mr Pink.
néy,] which awas to come before the A
pollcy o-abflan from merited Brictures
s piscinGs or 4 PAKEY mEKD.
_noe likely to be relished by 2 govera.
ment to whose unjut condud t}:?-ap- ;
doubt the accuracy of the konorable 1
plied. I am mach inclined, firy, to
gentleman’s information as to this |
[Canning’s] letter having hurt our
cause in America ; for / have informa.
tion of a direflly oppofitz'kind and. from
respectable authority. [ Here {fays the
pamphlct) Mr Stephen read an- ex
tra& from an original letter from A
merica, iz which Mr Canning’s answer
to Mr Pinkney awas mentioned in high
terms of praise '; and flatzd to have
miade an important changé in the public
mind FAVOURABLE TO THE CAUSE OF
Encrawp”] Pages 78 and 79.—[We
use Mr Stephen’s own words ]
Lln this lak extra®, three falls are
diltinctly fated or admitted by Mr.
Stephen, to wit : '
tlt, . Thag there is 2 Britith party
i America. -
2d. That Englith fßate-papers
ought to be written in a style to suit
the palates of that party, and to cor
respond with the views of those per
sons in this. country who oppofé the
government of the U. States—and,
- @ r 33. That there are persons in this
country awho corre[pond awith Britifhh min
g'/?érial parliament men.
Ail this was pronounced, openly,
on the floor of the English House of
Commions, by ‘Mr. Stephen, and has
been deliberately revised and correéted
by biia,and publithed under his name.
- Who, therefore, can longer doubt,
that the proceedings of the Essex Jun.
to have prevented an accomrmo.’ation
between America and England ? Wao
can Joubt that the licentious proceed
ings of that Junto have been counted
apon in England : or, who will longer
question the faf2, that there are men
in this country, who write to the Eng.
lith midifirv, or to the friends - f-hat
miniftry,toperfevere, «nd that the U. 5,
will finally submit? We fee Mr Ste
phen hoiding this langu.ge in public
-debate ; we find him calculating upon
a Britith party among us ; and read
ing letters from men on this fide of the
. Atlantic applaudiog the condu& of
Caaning, and condemning the policy
of American resistance. -~ Citizens of
New England ! these are facts, proven
by a bigh Engli/b parliam:nt-man Ihey
are solemn, awtul, alarming truths, and
proclaim that there can be no honora
ble termination to our aiffcrences
~with England, whilit her miniltry
- continues to build its hopes upon a
fation in our own bosoms
c :
' EVENTS IN SPAIN.
The approach of the French with
in ten miles of Cadiz, appears to have
furprized all but those who think so
berly. What is the march from the
Pyrennees to Cadiz, compared with
-the march to the Danube ; to the
Ifonzo, to the Viitula, to Vienna, or
to Tiifit ; what is it to the passage of
the Alps, or of the Danube at Ent
zendotff ! The battle of Talavera, in
which 40,000 French could bafile
30.0 cc Britith combined in the fame
line with 60,000 Spanith troops.thould
have taught men pretending to ration
al faculties, that the destiny of Spain,
however much the cataffrophe might
be protracted, could not long exist or
reflit under such mental debility, such
ignorance of military principles, such
politicians as juntas composed of in
quisitorial priests and hereditary im
becility. There are men so weak now
as to entertain the notion that a city
containing Ba, 0o inhabitants in or.
dinary times. formed upon a bairen
penifola, without any water but such
‘as 1s derived from the casual rains or
is traofported in boats constantly em
ployed plying between St. Mary’s a
town at ten miles diltance, can stand
against an aroy poflefled of the main
laod, anl of the maiu watering place.
Let us fee what is the position of
Cadiz in a hiftoricdl and military
We R o
. Itis universally known that Cadiz
_is the ancient Gadez of the Phenicians.
Thar it was-taken and plundered by
the Britith under the Earl of Essex &
Howard in 15965 that it was as ab
ruptly and ignommiocufly abandoned.
That the Britith again attempted ‘to
take it in 1702 under the duke of Or
mond and fir George Rooke, with
thuch the fame views asthe Britith now
protedt it. They intended in 1702 to
prevent its falling into the hands of the
‘Bourbons and to secure it for the Arch
Duke Charles, but that the Bourbons
then trinmphed; as they appear now
-deltined to fail every where ; and that
the duke of Ormond and fir George
Rooke quarrelled and guitted the en-
Serpiaße: L v
The port of Cadiz consists of two
‘bays one within the other. Thecity,
forrounded by military works, stands
On a body of rocks which form irregu
lar clusters above water, at the extre
-Imitl;¢¢4a.fiﬁggf%*éi.>kdzcfqnmke of
earth, covered at times with water,
apparently the alluvion of the féveral
small rivers within the bay, which
bave been thrown out and refied by
the welt end being the fcite of the city.
Ezadlly wefl of the caltle of §t. Cata
lina, which forms the outer exiremity
of the,military works of Cadiz, is the
point or town of Rotas, on the main
land where there is 2 darge mole, and
an antique castle. These two paints
about five miles and a half apart,
form the chops of the bay of Cadiz.
The thore witbia Rotas is (teep and
rocky, as is the promontory of Cadiz,
and surrounded by lédges of rocks of
which many are visible above water
and many concealed.- From Rotas
the {Hore bends off to the north east, &
several rough roads lead to the towns
and villages in the neighborhood A
little more than a mile from Rotas, is
the batteryla Gallina ; and two miles
from Rotas on a point of a rocky em
inence is another called la Puatilla,
which cover the rivulet called Saludo,
which is the firft that falls into the bay
on the north weflt fide; from this
point the main land takesa more eaft
wardly dirs&ion, and some faraller
rivalets fall into.the. bay, which are
covered by the batteries of la Ber
mefaand la Arenilla. Three miles
nearly east of the Puntilla battery is a
much larger point of rocky & elevated
ground, upon which is a larger mili
tary work, presenting to the water
eight several batteries,with some small
er outworks ; this little fortrefs is
calle the castle of St. Catalina; but
is not to be confounded with works of
the {ame name onthe promontory
tralk of Gadiz. This point is how
ever, little more than three miles
from the bastion, on the north weft
fide of Cadiz, called Boluarte de Can
delarie. The poiat of the town of
Rotas and this point of St Catalina,
form what is called the bay of Balls.
The depth of water on the entrance
of the harbor between: Rotas, and
and Cadiz, graduates from 3 on both
{idesto 11 and 12 fathoms ; averag
ing for the three central miles 11.
Between the Puntilla and Cadiz, it
averages in midchanoel from 7 to ¢
fathoms ; but near Cadiz the ledges
- of rocks render it dangercus to ap
proach within a mile; so that the
~chanre: is on the north weft fide of the
- bay, under the distant range of those
~ batteries we have described ;5 within
{ about a mile of St. Catalina, on the
- north fide, above described, the ledges
; of rocks approach from Cadiz two
- miles in a north welt dire@®ion, and
irregulary from a mile to half a mile
~in width ; so that the distance between
the point of land at St. Catalina, and
~ the ledge, called la Galera and Ll
- Diamante. reduces the main channpel
to about a mile, - There s a narrow
'~ but dangerous channcl,.foist'h ealt of
these, and'north weft of the greater
~ ledge of La Frayle which nearly cir
- cumfcribes the north welt faces of the
- works at Cadiz and the exposed rocks
- of Las Puercas. ‘ : |
i The batteries of St. Catalina, com
- mand the main channel, a. circum
stance that is very important accord
ing to the recent advices, because it is
little more than a mile and a half
~from Port St. Mary’s which sands on
- a small river of the fame name due
{ north of St. Catalina.
St Mary’s owes all its importance to
Cadiz, as it is the place where persons
- coming from the interior of Spain
- embark for Cadiz, and from whence
Cadiz receives all its water ; the usual
~expenditure of water averaged 1500
~cafks per day,and hoats were constant
ly employed in that service.
The river of St Mary’s or Guadale
to, runs from north to south into the
bay of Cadiz, the town stands on its
~welt bank, and over the river is a
bridge, which leads east by a circuit
ous road of better than a mile to the
river of San Pedro; over which there
is aifo a bridge where one road turns
off ta the south towards the promon
tory on which- Rands the castle -of
Matagordo ; which' is within half a
“mule of ‘thie ¢altle De Puntales, which
projeéts from the Peninsula on which
Cadiz, stands ; _thefe two fortrefles
cover and comiand the narrow pas
sage from the outer to the inner har
‘bor. . The water-under Matagordo is
from § to 6 fathoms ; uader Puntales
3 to 4 1 fathoms, ‘ |
-~ The road from the bridge of St.
"Pedro forks off from' the northward
to the little town of Puerta Real which
flands at the weft fide of the inner bay
above the ¢anal of Trocadero which
canal has 2 fathoms water, the island
is formed by part of this promqn’;ow,_
on which Rands a very formidable
work, called St. Louis, half a mile
ealt of Matogordo and nearly three
quarters-of: a-mile from Puptales-—
This fort was built by the celebrated
French admiral Dugay Trouin. The’
importance of Fort f;onis is the great
er, beczufe the channel pafles under
that work, and half a mile distant, in’
the inner harbor, there is not more
‘than 1 and 2 fathoms water ; and the
channel continues not” more than a
quarts of 4 mile wide upto e ar.
feval of Carracas, which is three miles.
sal of Tort Lowi ad on he
~main land ; " the arsenal of the Car.
*m%&mggmm
of all Spain‘; here the galeons, @
weli a 5 the'naval force were laid up
in docks equal toany in the world ;
the water appears to be formed by the
confiuence of a great number of small
freams which joining with the San
Pedro, take its name and form a deep
fiream, which tunning inte the inder
harbor,and another branch south eaft
wardly into the ocean, give the de
nomination of Island of Leon to the
land which is conne&ted with the pen--
infola of Cadiz; on this island near
to the royal arfenalis the place of St.
Carlos,and the handsome town of Illia,
sanding on the elevated ground,where
the junta are said to have chosen their
temporary residence. N ‘
From lilia a military road leads to
the neck of land ot causeway on which
is the a&ual road to Cadiz, and must
be distant from Cadiz,about five miles.
The circular battery covered the ap
proach to this causeway ; but it ap
pears that the causeway which was
only occasionally overflown at high
tides and south winds, has Leen cut,
and a military foffe, proteéted by bat
teries ere@ed on the Cadiz fide to de
fend the causeway, which isnot more
than a quarter of a mile wide for more
than a mile; and for two miles not
quite & mile until the road approaches
the rear of the suburbs and the castle
of Puntaless
A beautiful suburb, with numeérous
chorches Rand on the neck of land
outside of the city ; the main entrance
to which,is défended by regular works
in the best kylee The main foad is
covered by two large batteries in the
manger of the reentring angles of a
horn work, which’' gave a cross fire
with each other, and with a crown
work in advance of the ditch ;3 a cen
tral bastion encavalier to the crown
wotkis covered in the rear, by another
range of batteries less oblique ; and
these by traverse and enfilading bas
teried. fie
The rest of the works of Cadiz, are
-adapted to the formation and relative
power of the several positions; and
are too numerous to admit of particu.
lar notice. :
Cadiz has undergone some improve.
ments but not {fo many as it reqaired.
‘The space allotted for the city confin
‘ed by the ocean and bay on three sides,
does not-admit of the room for mar
_kets, warehouses, &z. usual in other
cities ; its substantial aliment as well
as its water therefore is brought in
from day to day ; and should its re
sources from the land be cur off, no
resources will be left but from the sea.
The [treets are narrow, and as has
been well observed, having no land to
build upon they build ia the air; and
as they have little or no air below,
their houses are built flat roofed, and
on their tops they take their recrea
tions. ; " e
Some idea may be formed of the city
of Cadiz, by the furface which it ‘oc
cupies and the width of the Rreets.
The streets are generally from 18 to
20 feet wide, having on each fide a
| footway of about 5 to 6 feet wide of
square flones ; the centre pf the fireet
or carriage way,will not of courf: ad.
‘mit more than one carriage to pass at
a time; the carriages are therefore few
in number, and the freets are kept
constantly clean ; ard filth of no kind
fuffered an inflant to remain ; in the
carriage way at short distances, are
large square stones perforated and so
placed as to carry off water, through
drains, into the bay or sea. All ar
ticles of merchandize are carried by
-men, thus a pipe of brandy is carried
by eight persons, four of whom carry
a pole on each fide, two before & two
behind ; and the article to be carried
is tufpended above the grouud upom
{hings or cords attached to the poles. -
From the main gate of eutrance,
as the city is approached from the
causeway in a dire& line, to the ex
tremity of the island is-about 3 miles ;
one mile of that distance is not more’
than half 2 mile wide ; and on
it are established the military barracks.
The town house, prison, and the ca
thedral terminate this narrow part of
the city, thence the platform expands,
{o that the rest of the Island forms
nearly a quadrangle of two miles by
one mile and a half, the outer line of
which and the projefting points are
occupied by military works. »
For all its cleanliness, Cadiz is in
debted to count OReilly, who. dur
ing the period that he was governor
.of Cadiz, and at the bead of the Span
ith ordnance department, devoted his
time at the military school which he
established at St. Mary’s,& to the pave
ment,neatnels & general police of Ca.
diz; he also extended cultivation on the
causeway leading to Illea. Count
O’Reilly had bro’t the celebrated en
gineer Bournial, from'France to pre
side over the military school, and it
' was under his guidance the causeway
- was rendered more commodions than
bsfors, O'Reilly bad el propafed
i- introducing a mnmng fream of wa
ter into Cadiz; but the instability
of courts_ generally” disguised uoder
m;mﬁmmﬁnm aprice, of fortune,
m& illy from a
iwml : Iﬁﬁﬁ*i
men without genius 2od without tie
disposition to be ufefui. Cadiz: is
therefore doomed to pay anndally,
near an huandred thousand dollars for
water ; and even the fountains of St.
Mary, at some times prove inadequate
to the supply. ‘
When the duke of Ormond sum--
moned the fortrefs of St. Catalipa, int
1702, it was commanded by the duke
of Villadaras, his answer to the sum
mons was—* I will follow the ex
¢ ample of my ancestors who never
““ owed their elevation to' the exile
“or blood of their kings.”” The duke
took the hint as meant to reproach
hiin for the desertion of the Stuarts,
sent word to the Spanith commandang
that he would hang him; the Spaniard,
with admirable gravity, sent this reply.
—¢ It is much the fame to me, wheth
‘“er [am hanged for keeping or for
“giving up the fort ; bat I prefer
“dying by the hands of my enemies
‘ than of my friends.” dAurora,
- .+ FOREIGN. &
e ————e
Liote of the Minifler of foreign relations
to Mr. Armfirong, Minijier Plenipo
tentiary of the United States.
“l;?he tnderfigned has informed
his Majelty, the Emperor and King,
of the converfation,which he had with
Mr. Armsraonc, Minister Plenipo
tentiary of the United States of Amer
ica. His Majelty authorifes him to
make the following reply :—
‘“ His Majelly would regard his
Decrees of Berlin and Milan as viola
tions of the principles of eternal jus
tice, had they not been the neceflary
consequences of the British Orders in
Council,’ and especially those of No
vember, 1807, When England pro
claimed her universal sovereignty, by
the pretention of fubje@ing the un
iverse to a navigation duty, and ex
tending the jurisdi@tion of her Parlizs
ment over the indultry of all nations,
his Majefly conceived it to be the duty
of all independent sations to defend
the'r sovereignty ; and declared all
veflels denationalifed that should put
themselves under the dominion of
Englatid, by recognifing the fove
reigaty which she assumed over them.
¢ His Mujefly distinguishes the vifis
ting, from the bringing to of a ship.
The bringing to has for its objeét only
to ascertain the reality of the flag :
the vifitis a search made on boatd;
notwithstanding the ascertainment of
the truch of the flag, and the result of
which is, the imprefling of certain itd
dividuals, or- the confifcation of the
merchandize, or the application of
-arbitrary laws or dispositions.
¢ His Majelty could not have 4n
ticipated the proceedings of the Us
nited States, which, without having
any grownd of complaint against
France, have included her in their adts,
of exclusion ; and, from the month of
May, have prohitited French veflels
from entering their ports, under pain
of confifcation. As soon as his Ma<
jety was apprised of this measure, he
felt it peceflary to dire&® that Ameri
can veflels thould be treated in a reci
procal manner, not only in his terri
tory, but also in the ¢ountries under
his influence: In the ports of Hol
land, Spain, Italy and Naples, Ameri
can veflels have been seized, because
the Awericans had seized French
veflels. The Americans cannot hesi
tate as teo the condu@ they have to
adopt. . They ought either to repeal
their declaration of Independence, and
to become, as before the revolution,
‘the subjects of England, or to take
measures to prevent their commerce
and their induflry from being taxed
by the Englith ; which renders them
more dependent than Jamaica, which -
has, at leat, an assembly of represen
tatives, and its privileges, -
“ Men of no political charadter,
without honor and without energy,
‘may, indeed, alledge that they may
submit to pay the tribute imposed by
England, because it is inconfiderable’s
but how do they not preceive, that
the English, as soon as they have ob«'
tained a recognition of the principle,
will increase the impost ? So that this
‘burden, at firt light, becoming infup
“portable, it will be neceflury to fighg
for interelt, after refufing to ﬁ.ghg%q( ’
honor. g B Lol
. “The undersigned frackly avows,
that France has every thing to gaim
by giving Americans 2 welcome re
ception in her ports. She finds her
advantage in ber commercial relations
- with newutrals ; she is, in no refpe,
jealous of their prosperity. Great,
- powerfal,opulent, she is fatisfied, when
. by her own commerce, or that of neu.
trals, her exportations, may. give the
requisite deyelpfpsmcur:q her agricul-.
- ture and manufadtures. . -
. ** Scarcely thirty years have elapsed .
since the States of America founded
i the mids of the new world an in
dependent country, at the expence .of
the blood of so masy immortal men.
who fell in the field of battle, tothake
offthe leaden” yoke: of the Boghll
- Monarch. Those generous men were
far from imagio ?&%* a thev. this
of America, th &g?*%%ﬁwwﬂwﬁ
n¢| ¢ il l;ﬂillf e L,, b. ? 3 \‘;E
B L s;mw&;’ PR AR,