The Federal mirror — Concord, N.H., 1795-12-11 00:00:00, page 1

I OMITTED LAST WEEK.
various Intelligence.
) A SHORT DESCRIPTION OF THE
SOUTH WESTERN TERRITO RY.
Id a letter from a Resident there,
dated July 1795.
?TIHE Territory of the United
l States, fouth of the river Onio,
Hthat tra& of country situate between
35 '°d 36 I*2 degrees north latitude,
being bounded on the north by Ken
tucky, on the fouth by Georgia, on
the east by Northcarolina, and on the
weft by the river Miffifippi—it was
originally part of Northcarolina, but
was ceded to the United States io
the year 1789—the Cumberland
country and fettiements are included
in its limits, altogether forming an
extent of country of not left than five
hundred miles io length; its width
about one hundred and five miles.
The natural advantages which this
temperate climate poffffes, exceed
those of any other part of the United
States, or perhaps the world ; a cir
cumstance peculiar to this country is,
that the foil will yield all the produc
tion, common to both the northern
and southern climates ; here it is cus
tomary to fee in the fame field, or
fiekh contiguous to each other, wheat,
Indian corn, rye, barley, rice, tobacco,
hemp, indigo, cotton, and every kind
of vegetable, growing to the greatest
perfection— perfon# who have seen
this country, and who bare been ac
customed to the cultivation of vines,
fay, that there is no doubt but that it
will be extremely productive of wine,
whenever it becomes Efficiently pop
ulateh to mkt it proper to attend to
that objed ; and it is probable the
time is not far distant, when popula
tion will have m^de fuct advances as
to enable the people to attend to rais
ing those articles which will be most
proper for exportation ; it is general,
iy well known with what rapidity the
state of Kentucky has been peopled
since it became an independent gov
ernment—this territory has a Ifo taken
steps to become a separate state, and
will in the course of a few months be
admitted into the Union as a state,
there being no daub:, from the pro
digioui emigration which has lately
:taken place, that under the c^ftiite
tion they will be entitled to become
a separate state whenever they choote
— the bounds of this letter do not ad
• mid of a detail of the many instances
of the rapid population of this coun
try ; fuffice it to fay, that Knoxville,
the prefect feat of the territorial gov
.^romeot, not more than three years
since, was a wood, in which a block
house necessary to tepel Indian inva
sions was ereAed ; since which time
a town has grown up here, copfifting
jof from two to three hundred houses,
inhabited by a great number of re
fpedable families ; and although it
is not more chan twa years since the
Indians appeared at lesft one thousand &
strong before this town, such has since
been the progress of population, &t
, many wealthy ; and relpedab'e fami
lies have now fee down with the great,'
eh fafety from 30 to 40 miles nearer
„ the Indian boundary, and it is already
^contemplated to remove the feat of;
I government to 1 more central fitUa-
[VOLUME IV.]
©Be ^berM siiM
NEWHAMPSHIRE PRINTED AND PUBLISHED BY E. RUSSELL AND M. D A™
So great are the natural advantages
of water in this country, that it isaf"
ferted with truth, there fa not a spot
in it twenty miles diftaot from a boat
able navigation, from whence the
farmer, planter, or manufac^urei, may
with chcapieh, fafety, and ease, con
vey hit different articles for foreign
markets, down the great river Ten
neffee or Cumberland, into the Ohio
and Miffitippi, and thence to New
oriearm- The face of this country may
be said to be generally irregular ; ex
cept on the river bottoms, we find 00
have become valuable/ and the most
hilly parts as well as the river bot
toms, are getting peopled, the hills
and worst looking lands produce not
left than 30 to 40 bo(fell of Indian
corn to the acre, and although the
bottoms will produce mote than dou,
ble as much Indian corn, the uplands
are found best adapted to the growth
of small grain; what time may do
by reducing thole lands and thereby
rendering them the more fit for raid
ing of wheat, rye, &c. is yet to be
experienced, but little or no alteration
has been dilcovered m the foil by a
few years cultivation....
This country cannot but be con
sidered as offering a welcome to the
emigrant ; on his arrival in it, even
in the most inclement fealon of the
year, he can easily with hi, own hands,
be him ever so bad an artificer, ereft
a building entirely fufficient to repel
all the evils which are here felt-from
the weather ; hit cattle ere fopported
from the fpontaneoua growth of the
fields and woods, which afford an ex
cellent range even in the coldest sea-
So great is the fertility of the foil,
that the inhabitants with little labor,
To a person who observes the em
igration to this country, it appears as
if North and Southcarolina and Geor
gia were emptying themselves into
it—it isnot uncommon to fee from
two to three hundred people in a gang
coming from those fowthern climates,
oppressed with difetfes, to revive and
enjoy health in this falubrioui air ; —
from the northern states the emigra
tion here has been little or none ; the
greater facility of removing families
down the Ohio to Kentucky, is one
reason of it, and the iotercourfe of the
inhabitants of it with the northern
people being very small, and of course
no opportunity of their becoming ac
quainted with its merits is another—
but then there is no doubt but the
South Weftern Territory possesses
many advantages over Kentucky, or
the territory north weft of the Ohio ;
one advantage is, the abundant fop
plies of water from the bast springs,
that are to be found dispersed all over
the face of this country ; many of
them large enough at their very sour
ces to turn a mill conftruded for the
pufpofe of grinding or other manu
fadures-the circumstance of thifbe
fog as well watered a country rl any
in the world, added so the general
temperature of the air, are supposed
to be the caufa of the inhabitants en
joying a greater degree of health than
in any other part of America.
tion of the territory, 30 miles from
Knoxville, on the banks of the Ten
nessee.
land entirely level ; but fioce iands
CONCO R D, FRID AY, December 11, 1795.
raise thrice as much grain as Applies
their families, and the balance is hos
pitably given up to the emigrant, or
those who from accident have been
deprived from fubfiftance ; here there
is not the fame necessity to secure
yourfelf in your house from the iova
fion of the winds, for they art harm
lets, and do not possess the injurious
qualities of those experienced in the
Atlantic states ; here are co sudden
changes from heat to cold, effected
by the different diredioDS of the
winds, buc the inhabitants a r e equally.
fecored from the cold chilling biafts
of the north weft & north east winds, I
as from the warm relaxing breezes of 1
the fouth ; the state of the air is only,
materially effected by the gradual ap-;
proach or departure of the fun ; in I
short, the hand of nature has placed
its firft blessings on this land, and pro
claimed that whoever should be the
inhabitants, matt be happy and inde
pendent ; there is not a necessary, and
but few luxuries of life, which cannot
here be attained with ease. Salt, fu
g^r, iron, lead, faltpetre, copperas,
&:. abound every where. In this
climate the system of nature appears
to be its highest vigor, and there is
no necessary production of the e#rth,
sea, or air, proper for the comfort of
man that is not found here.
The modes of getting titles tolaods
have been various here —At the time
Nofthc&olina, ceded to Congress this
territory, they referred the right of
Rill laying 00 its lands all, warrants
then issued, which warranty are now
all appropriated, and as there is a great
deal more Jand in this territory than
they could coyer, it is probable they
have been laid on the best, particular
ly as there is icarcely,oy annoyance
met with by the white people from
the Indians, and the country has been
.therefore freely explored; For the
lands on which the warrants have
been laid, Northcarojina has issued
patent, agreeable to the cession adt—
Another mode lately adopted of ob
taining a prior claim to lands' in this
country, is by a survey and location,
which there is no doubt will give a
priority of entry in the United States'
Land Office when opened, which I
am told will be the case at the next
feffionpf Congress and if the form of
the bill I have seen fhouid be adoptedl
it will give a person in Philadelphia
the fame opportunity of confirming
and completing a title to the landi
under these furvevs, that the people
resident in <hi^ country h^ve. Moth
er mode which has been supposed to
secure a right to land i% that people
have let Gowo on the lands which
they like best, that were not before
appropriated, and txp<a to be allow
ed a right ol pre-emption ; but this ib
supposed to be the word kind of claim
asthey have never paid any confide
ration for them ; and for the surveys
and locations the Surveyor General's
and other fees have been paid. , w ,
I am forty .time does not permit
me to go fate a further defcriprion of
this excellent country, as you have
exprefled a wish to be fully informed.
There ita pamphlet printed by Mat
thew Carey, (of Philad.) to which I
refer you for further information, and
although he has been guilty of feme
inacetoctet, the work will be found
WASHINGTON.
WITH cool feelings, and un
'ambitious talents, he excited u
- popularity, and attained
I brilliant glory. First elevated
Iby a fortunate coincidence of cir
- Icumftances, his mind, virtuous
;and tenacious, accommodated it
;felf to its elevation, and the in
flexibility of his manners not on
ly prevented hr-detcent fiom the
;temple of fame, but prepared
new honors 'or his brow t
tiaus, sft<matic, and inflexible,
;; his genius was admirably adapts
;cd to the de fulrory war, woich
leftablifhed the liberty of Amer
ica. Never transported by the
enthusiasm of patrictifm, never
deludedby the ardour of cour
age, he preferred stratagem to
action, and victory to glory.
, A gravity co deportment, a
candid behaviour, and a reguj
%rity of morals, commanded the
rtfpea of an army, composed
'not of licentious mercenaries, but
of orderly citizens. A people
puffing in a rapid revolution,
from flavetyh/o liberty, in the
transports of> gratitude, forgot
their own,mighty exertions, for
got the influence of general
Causes, forgot the irresistible en
efgy of men fighting for free
dom, and properly ascribed their
success to the virtues and tatyts
of their more distinguished lea
der. The calm and temperate
mind of Washington, could
neither be seduced by the al
luremen+s of ambition, or the
blandishments of praife# Per
haps if his charaaer had more
ardor, perhaps it his feelingshad
been more fervid, his conduct
would not have been so exem
plary, nor his glory so perma
nent. The foul of the patriot
inflamed by praise, is apt to loar
•above that equality, by the et
tablifhment of which, it attained
all its honor, patriotic from prin
ciple, and temperate from co^-
fttatidn, the mind of Wash
ington had neither that native
dignity which disdains elcvatioh fr
nor that avidity of praise which
Makes us unworthy of it, but al
ways retained a humility which
filefeced envy, soothed pride, &
demonstrated even to pff^l
i jealoufy, that a man capable of
, bearing id many honors, fully
Ideferred them.
The following Ch^ra^ler of the Pegfident
of the United §ia'es, not long since appear
ed in the Maryland G ze'e. This porfet.
ture here given of thisjufty ceMwirted drar
a&er, is very natural and h&mtilul, hsii
fertion in the Centime!, will oblige one of its
constant leadcis.
to be generally cotreft I am, &c.
C W.
From the Colombian CeNTtNEL.
MR. RUSSELL, •
number 164]