The New-Jersey gazette — Burlington [N.J.], 1785-09-05 00:00:00, page 1

To the Freemen and Electors of the coun
ty of Burlington.
Gentlemen,
INFLUENCED by the fcntiments of some of my
friends, I take the liberty to offer myfelf a candi
date for the Sheriff's office at the approaching election.
Should I be so happy as to be favoured with your
fuffrages, I will remove into a central part of the
county, where it Ihad be most for the case and advan
tage of the people, and endeavour to aft in such man
ner as will render me not unworthy the trust.
With the greatest refpecft,
I am your
Humble servant,
GEORGE ANDERSON.
Burlington county, August 24, 1785. 4w*
Six Dollars Reward.
RAN away from the fubferiber, on the 18th of this
instant, August, a negro man named LIMAS,
twenty-three years old five feet tight or nine inches
high, stout and straight built, has a Small lump on
one of his thumbs, a large fear on his right leg, lisps
when he Speaks: Had on and took with him a new
felt hat, grey bnfey coat, rediffi waistcoat, two pair
of trowfers, two pair of flockings, several shirts, and
other clothing: Whofotver takes up laid negro and
secures him in goal, shall have the above reward, and
reasonable charges, paid by
JOHN LEQTJEAR.
N. B. It is probable the above said negro may change
his cloths, and is lurking in some part of Sussex in
this state,
Amweb, Hunterdon county, State of New-Jerfey,*
August 23, 1785. 3w*
ASECOND-H1ND
Font of (E N GLIS H)
T Y P E S,
To be fold. Enquire of the Printer.
uMtr »« , »wwwMm,>,M«i» ng ft ^t.: o~r & .w-lrp# Lfa^fyowarcra rcr^wnraF
' f'HE citizens of New Jersey, holders of Prize-Tick-
T ets in the old Continental Lottery, are hereby fur
ther informed, that all such prizes must be produced
at this office for a final settlement, before the firft day
of March next.
BENJAMIN THOMPSON, Commissioner.
New-Brunswick, Commiffioners'
Office, July 4, 1785. 8w
T O BE S O L D,
at PUBLICK VENDUE,
On Tuesday the 20th day of September, at ten o'clock
in the forenoon, on the premises,
A DISTIL LER Y,
LATELY erected in the city of New-Brunswick, in
the state of New-Jeney, convenient y Situated for
the distillation of rum or any other Spirituous liquors,
on a constant stream of running water fufficient to
supply the works without the expence of pumping:
One copper tlill that holds 150 gallons, with worm,
tub, &c. are fixed fit for immediate working, and
room for fixing another still of any size, with a num
ber of ciflerns and other vessels, all new.
As these works are not compleated, the purchaser
may finifh them to his own taste; the Situation is,
perhaps, preferable to most others for this business,
as fire-wood and house-rent are very reasonable, and
the consumption for rum and other spirits, very consi
derable. For particulars enquire of Colonel Azariah
Dunham, New-Brunswick, or
SAMUEL HAY.
No. 86, William-Street.
N. B. The mode of payment, of the whole or part
of the purchase-money, will be made cafy to the pur
chaser.
New-York, August 24, 1785. 4w
SINGIN G-BOOKS
Just come to hand, and to be fold at the Printing-
Office in Trenton.
' T~O B S~OL D,
At the Printing-Office in Trenton—
[Price Thirty-five Shillings]
W I Ls 0 N's
Edition of the Laws of New-Jersey.
[Vol. VIIL] T HE [Numb. 382.]
NEW-JERSEY GAZETTE.
TRENTON: Printed by ISAAC COLLIN S, Printer to the State.
M OND AY, September 5, 1785.
^ From the London Magazine.
Afoort Sketch of a Democratical Form of Govern
%went. Addrefled to Sig. Paoli. By Catharine
j Macaulay, Author of the HiJlory of England.
"]r ARM willies for the welfare of
IU A / y our 'elf and illustrious country
men, renowned Paoli! are the
W motives that Stimulate me to ad
{ vv diefs you on the important Subject
; of Corsican liberty. Free establishments are fubjeds
I have studied with cate; and the Strong rumours
' which prevail, that the Corsicans are going to efta-
I bin'll a republiek, makes me address you, as if this
{ was the determined point to which your hopes are
§ turned.\
I Of all the various models of republicks; which have
;been exhibited for the instruction of mankind, it is
; only the democratical system, rightly balanced,
which can Secure the virtue, liberty and happiness
; of society. In such conftruftions alone are to be
; found impalpable bars to vicious pre-eminence; and
§ the active ambition of man will Simulate him to at
•tain excellence, where excellence alone can procure
;him diftindions. The very nature of flavilh de-
; .pendence and proud superiority are equally baneful
I to the virtues inherent in mankind: Ihe firft, by
{ sedulous attention and mean adulation to pieafe its
. master, undermines, and at last subdues, the innate
% generous principle of the foul; and the fond delights
* of Superiority extinguish all the virtues which enno
!ble human nature, such as felf denial, general bene
volence, and the exalted • lion ' Sacrificing pri
vate views to poblick happG fc.
I Having endeavoured to Specify the advantages ac
r cruing from a demoncratical republick, I shall enter,
I firft into those things essential to the proper form of
I this species of gavernmeo! and secondly, into that
I part of the cooiutud.cn v^h Cvvn^ it from cor
% inption.
It is neceflary to the proper form f Cfs ?%rb!ic>,
% that there Should be two orders hr die fate, viz. the
senate and the people.
Ihe firft order is necessary, becaule in a well con
s ftituted senate there is wisdom ; and if this order is
* prevented by proper restraints from invading publick
| liberty, they will be the fureit guardians of it —
1 1he Second order is necessary, hecaufe that, with-
K out the people have authority e ; h to be thus
g classed, there can be no liberty.
Ihe form of the republick being thus eftabliihed,
I let the debate be in the firft order, viz. the senate;
and the result in the second order, viz. the people,
§though with the power of debating likewife.l
I Let not the number of men that represent the firft ;
I order be above fifty, to prevent the confufion whichi
j usually fpiings from assemblies too numerous. Let|
I the order of the people be represented by a certain
a number of men, not under two hundred and fifty,l
I elected out of this order by the several districts or
I cities into which this idand may be divided.
I Let the Generals, Admirals, civil Magistrates,
I and officers of every important post, be taken out of
g the Senatorial order, i. e. among those who have held
I the rank of Senators, with the privilege of having a
§ vote in the Senate during the time that they are in
I office, though not otherwise ele&ed into that affem-
Übly. Letthe power of electing these magistrates
§and officers be in the repiefentative body.
I Let the senate, or its committee, meet thrice eve-
Irylry week, or occasionally, as the necessity of their
I office requires.
Let there be power of appeal from every court of
Ijuftice to the senate, 2nd then to the reprefentatives'
& of the people.
Let the affairs of commerce, and all matters rela
§ tive to the state and executive powers of government,
h be determined by the repiefentative body, after they
I have been firft debated in the senate; but let not the
representative assembly have the power of determin-
I ing peace and war, impoling taxes, the making and
I altering laws, till these fubje&s have been firft de-
Ibated by the senate, and proposed by them to the
I cohesive body of the people. Let these proposals
be promulged one month before the meeting of the
representatives toward the passing them; that the
people may have time to deliberate on them, and
give what directions th^y shall judge proper to their
representatives.
Now, having fettled what relates to the form and
eftabliihed powers of the republick, we mult confider
that part which defends it from corruption.
I his must be confideied under these two articles,
viz. the rotation of all places of trust, and the fixing
the agrarian on a proper balance.
! he rotation of all the places of trust is so strong a
preservative against the decay of a republick, that the
Roman confutation, though otherwise defective,
might perhaps jiave flood to this day, had the Ro
mam; never dispensed with that salutary ordinance,
i his difpenfatiqn was one of the fatal wounds which
hurried on its diflolution in the very meridian of its
glory. The prolongation of the commands of Ala
rms, Sylla, Pompey and C^far, were the means
which its unnatural, and too much pampered citi
zens made use of to destroy it. The downfall of
this glorious republick has been a notable argument,
with fallow politicians, against every conttitution
of this kind; but it serves wife Legiflitures cautious
ly to avoid those faults which produced this fatal ef
fed.
The examination of the defective part of the Ro
man constitution will shew the importance of the fe
cund article, viz. the fixing the agrarian on a proper
balance.
The agrarian of the Roman republick was never
fixed on j proper balance: Brutus and Publicola ei
ther did not forefee the evil that such a neglea would
produce, cr, content with the glory they had ac
quired, left this atchievement to fucoceding patriots.
But this was the capital defect which brought
this excellent fabric to decay; this was the deleft
which the Gracchi made such generous efforts to
amend. Had they succeeded in their attempt, the
Roman republic might have been as immortal as
time itfelf; for, had the agrarian been ever fixed on
a proper balance, it must have prevented that ex
treme disproportion in the circumstances of her citi
zens which gave inch weight of power to the arifto
cratical party, that it enabled them to subvert the
fundamental principles of the government, . and in
troduce thole innovations which ended in anarchy:
anarchy produced its natural effed, viz. absolute mo
narchy. Thus ended a government, whose saluta
ry influence railed its citizens to a degree of perfec
tion beyond the powers of vulgar conception; and
thus succeeded a government, whose baneful influ
ence debased its fuhje&s to as low a state of infamy,
as that of the others hid been great and glorious.
A due consideration of these effects will, 1 hope,
make manifeft the necessity of the rotation and pro
per agrarian. There remains now to fficw the best
method of fixing thele regulations.
First, the rotation. Let the whole senate be
changed once in three years, by a third part at a
time, yearly. Let the vacant posts be supplied from
the body of the representatives, by the election of
the people. Let that body undergo the fame rota
tion, and be supplied from the people. If any of
the representative numbers should be clewed into the
senate, that are not by the course of the rotation to
go out of the representative council, their places
must be supplied from the people. Let no member
of either the Senatorial or representative body, be ca
pable of re-election under the space of three years.
Let the Admirals, Generals, civil Magistrates and
all the officers of important posts, lay down their
conjmiflions at the end of the year, nor be capable
of re election under the aforefaid time of probation.
Ihe rotation thus fettled, we come to the second
consideration, viz. the proper agrarian.
Let the agrarian be fettled in such a manner, that
the balance of land inclines in favour of the popu
lar fide. To prevent the alterations which, time
would make in this balance, let the landed arc per
sonal effe&s of every man be equally divided at his
decease between the males, heirs of his body ; in de
fault of such heirs, between his male heirs of the firft
and second degree of relationship; always referring