The New-Jersey gazette — Burlington [N.J.], 1782-10-30 00:00:00, page 2

and whether (in your humble stile) they are pu
nished or not; or rather whether the rebels have
chosen to make them the King's martyrs, by mur
dering them for their fidelity ; or whether they have
taken the wiser course, and make them the King's
enemies by better usage, ftiil it will not be to your
Lordfllip that they owe their lives ; and the exam
ple you have given to all America of your infidelity
in delivering them up, must be equally pernicious.
Should it be allied, what then can a General do
in such a case? that question may be more amply
conlidered hereafter. All I at prelent answer is
this: a General, when he has brought himfelf
and his army into extremity, nioft certainly ought
to do every thing in honour he can to lave the
King's troops; but there are many things also
which he can not do. This will easily be seen by
an example. Suppose that your Lordship, in your
letter to W aldington, had firft suggested a diftindi
on between the mitilh part of your army and the
German, and had tamely said, that the Germans
interest Ihould be attended to, and in the meekness
of your humility had proposed by the loth article,
that they'fhould not be punilhed on account of
their having joined the Britilh army : Might not the
rebels have gladly adopted the diltindion you had
made for them, and have said, the British troops
are fighting for their King? But these Germans
have nothing to do with America, and being found
in this country, must be fubjett to the government
of it: I his article therefore cannot be assented to,
being altogether of civil resort; and you must de
liver them up. Would a General offer to juftify
himfelf in submitting to such a condition, by asking
what could he do? And is the claim of the loyal
Americans less refpedable for their being men of
property, and not mere doldieis lighting tor pay?
For their having received his Majesty's express pro
mile of protection, and for their having risked their
all upon the faith ofit?
But how light soever you may have estimated
these loyal Americans, your Lordlhip, from this
instance of the Germans, must yourfelf fee, that
although there are many things which a capitula
ting General must submit to, yet that there are
other things to which he can not. And although
it may not be easy in every case to draw the exa&
line of honour between these, yet there is an easy
rule, by which a General may commonly deter
mine his concessions. That which is the customary
usage and practice of war in capitulations that a
General may do ; under that practice both officers
and soldiers engage in war, and must submit to the
fate of it ; but more than that a General in honour
d/re not do; and he Hands engaged to the pub
lick, and to every individual of iris army, not to
submit to more. What that customary usage is,
fnall be (hewn in my next.
XENOPHON.
BRUSSELS, April 25.
'Tis said that the armaments encreafe among all
the powers of the North, as if war still threatened
Germany. Those are the motives given by our
politicians for those armaments, and all Europe
will without doubt behold it with pleasure, that
the different estates of the Germanick Body think
more of holding themselves in a refpe&able defen
five situation, than of entering into another war in
concert.
The noise that is spread abroad, that the Impe
rial Courts have meditated in concert an important
expedition against the European provinces of the
Ottoman Empire, has been so much credited, that
the Divan has recalled a great number of troops
from Alia, which they have cantoned in Moldavia.
From another quarter the Emperor has given or
ders for completing all the regiments, and Russia
has formed immense magazines in Poland. The
court of Beiln has not appeared to take part in
those movements ; but there is reason to believe Ihe
will not lose fight of them, will observe them, and
regulate her politicks by those of her neighbours.
As a proof of the attention Ihe pays to them, or
ders have been received in Eastern Prussia to have
aii the regiments completed to their full comple
ment of men and horse, and hold themselves ready
to match on the Ihorteft notice.
The publick papers announce, that there has
lately happened some fubjed of discord between the
courts of Vienna and Berlin, on account of Lufa
tia, which the Emperor was desirous of purchasing
from Saxony, a proje& which was not approved of
by the great Frederick.
It is particularly said, in sundry letters from
Germany, that there is not at prefect the most per
fect harmony between the two co-partner courts:
There has been for some time pall, between Russia
LONDO N.
From the London Gazette, July 13, 1782.
WHITEHALL, July 13.
The King has been pleased to constitute and ap
point the Right Honourable William Earl of Shel
burne, of the kingdom of Ireland, Knight of the
moft noble order of the garter, the Right Honour
able William Pitt, James Grenville, Richard Jack
lon, and Edward-James Elliot, Esquires, to be
commissioners for executing the office of Treasurer
of his Majesty's Exchequer.
1 he King has been pleased to grant to the Right
Honourable William Pitt, the offices of Chancel
lor and under Treasurer of his Majesty's Exche
quer.
I he King has been pleased to constitute and ap
point the Kight Honourable Auguftus-Vilcount
Keppel, Sir Robert Harland, Bart. ndm. Hugh
Pigot, Charles Brett, Richard Hopkins, John Jef
feries Pratt, and John aubrey, Llquires, to be his
Majesty's Commissioners for executing the office of-
Lord High admiral of . the kingdoms of Great-
Britain and Ireland, and of the dominions, islands
and territories thereunto respectively belonging.
I he King has been pleased to constitute and ap
point the Right Honourable Sir George Younge,
Bart, to be his Majesty's principal Secretary at
war.
and Austria, a considerable trade in ficins and Mo
ravian cloths. Those merchandize were obliged to
pass through part of the dominions of Prussia, a di
rector of the duties exacted of a late convoy a du
ty often per cent. The conductor ftopt and wrote
to Peterfburgh, and was ordered to pay it. A lit
tle time after, the King of Prussia having ordered
a number of horses to be purchased for him in Po
land, those horses were obliged to pals through
White Russia, where they demanded also a duty of
ten per cent, for palling: The Prussian conductor
not having the prudence of the other, refuted pay
ment, and attempted to pass by force; the conse
quence was, some Ruffian troops fired upon them,
killed eight on the spot, wounded upwards of thir
ty, and ftopt the horses.
The King has been pleased to. appoint Archibald
Campbell, Lfq, to be Captain-General and Go
vernor in Chief of the island of Jamaica, in the
room of Major General John Dalling.
I he King has been pleased to order letters pa
tent to be palled under the great seal of the king
dom of Ireland, constituting and appointing the
Right Honourable Walter Hufley Burgh, to be
chief Barori of his Majesty's court of Exchequer in
that kingdom, in the room of the Right Honoura
ble James baron Tradon, deceased.
Allo like letters patent, constituting and appoint
ing Barry Yelverton, Esq. to be his Majesty's At
torney General in the kingdom of Ireland, in the
room of the Right Honourable John Scott.
The King has been pleased to appoint Barry Yel
verton, Esquire, to be of his Majesty's moll Ho
nourable Privy Council in the kingdom of Ireland.
July 19. On the arrival in town of Mr. Jay,
the Secretary to Congress, that gentleman lignifi
ed to Lord Shelburne, that the intention of his vi
sit was that of a speedy and amicable negociation ;
that the members of Congress had duly intruded
and authorized him to accommodate and decide
any technical differences which might arise in the
business, so as that the preliminaries for a firm and
lading amity might be finally adjutted and declared
before his return to America, and not to be re
tarded by any other than some very material and
important obllacle. A council was immediately
Summoned, and has fat twice to confider of receiv
ing him, and to be prepared with a set of deter
mined articles to be proposed to him on the part of
this country.
Paris, July 8. Mr. Franklin, Minister Pleni
potentiary of the United States of America, dined
on Saturday last, for the firft time, with the Count
de Aranda, ambassador of Spain, together with Mr.
Jay, who has long resided at the court of Madrid,
and who is one of the commissioners to treat for
peace with Great-Britain. The # reception which
the Count de Aranda gave Meffis. Franklin and
Jay, as Ministers of the United States, strongly in
dicates, that Spain will soon acknowledge the in
dependence of America.
Bruflels, August 8. Mr. Fitzherbert, Minister
Plenipotentiary of Great-Britain at our court, set
off from this place the 31st of July for Paris. He
is charged from his Britannick Majesty to refu
the negociations for peace, begun by Mr. Gre
yille, and to treat to this effed with all the powers
at war with Gieat-Britain, jointly, or fepar/ y
him a memorial. A Secretary of Mr. Leftevenon,
of Berkenrode, Ambassador of the Republick in
France, has arrived here Saturday last, with de
fpatches of this Minister, which are said to be re
lative to the former overtures made to the French
Ministry, by Mr. Fitzherbert, for a general peace,
which overtures, nevertnelefs, are looked upon at
Versailles as very unlikely to attain it. The fame
defpatches announce, it is said, that the combined
fleet is going to the channel, to open the Siege of
Gibraltar; and contain the project of operations
which France and Spain would wifn our naval forces
could follow during the rest of the campaign, pur
suant to the concert the three powers have adopted.
1 hefe defpatches having been communicated last
Monday to the Assembly of the States General,
and taken ad referendum by the Deputies of the
-respective Provinces, are actually the object of de
liberations of the states of this Province, who have
this day continued their sessions.
St. Severin, his Plenipotentiary upon that occasion
began his negociation by openly declaring, that he
came to fulfil the intention of his master, “ who
was determined to make peace, not as a huckfto,
but as a King." The consequence of such genero
'ty of conduft has been, that France, besides a na
ticnal character of the firft brilliancy and influence,
has ever found it easy to obtain allies who hate
been faith ful, and warmly attached to her interest
Leyden, August 14. The last letters from Pa
ris, in acquainting us with the interview Mr. Fitz
herbert has had with Count de Vergennes, mention
also the report that prevailed, that Sir Joseph
Yorke, lately Ambaffaaor of his Britannick Majes
ty at the Hague, was going to follow him, and that
his equipage had already been landed at Calais.
What renders the fad more or less credible, is,
that Mr. Fitzherbert is related to, and a pupil of
this ancient negociaior. In case Sir Joseph actual
ly comes to France, a we Shall be able to conclude
that the English Court has serious thoughts about
peace, since a Minister, formerly invested with the
most exalted character in the diplomatick line, could
not appear but with the fplendour suitable to the
rank he has occupied. Nevertheless it will be dif
ficult to agree on the conditions of peace, so long
as the affairs of the Eaft-Indias Shall remain in a
state of uncertainty, which threatens the English
company of an entire ruin on one hand, and on the
other offers a dominion most absolute in Bengal, or
the coast of Coromandel, and that of Malabar.—
France conceives great hopes from the oppofitiot
of Mr. de Buffy, in the East-Indies, and the land
ing of the troops under the command of Mr. Du
chemin, at Porto-Novo, appears already to be at
omen of the most happy success. This body of re.
gular European,troops, joined to the numerous ar
my of Hyder Ally, being able to give the feveref
blow to the Englifli forces on the coast of Coro
mandel, before the arrival of the reinforcemen
which Commodore Bickerton was to bring there
Besides this reinforcement melted down, it is said
to more than one half, or two-thirds, before hi
arrival at Brafil, and during their anchorage in Ri?
Janeiro.
B OS T O N, Odober 17.
It is observable that the French, at the close of
a war, have often Shewn themselves more solicitous
to obtain good terms for their allies, than any great
advantage to themselves. This is uniting true po
licy with generohty. At the treaty of Aixla-Chap
ple, which closed the war in 1748, in which the
arms of France had been very fuccefsful; and taken
the Austrian Barrier, Louis XIV. gave back almost
every thing he had conquered for the fake of an
advantageous Settlement in favour of those powers
with which he was in alliance. The Marquis de
with either of them. His departure was attended
with the greatest secrecy.
Extrad of a letter from Versailles, dated Aug. 4.
" Mr. Fitzherbert, who has resided for these
three or four years past as Minister of the King of
England, at Brussels, arrived here five days ago,
charged with full powers to treat of peace with the
four powers at war with Great-Britain. He was
to have this evening, at the breaking of Council,
his firft audience with Count de Vergennes. This
new negotiator comes diredly from Brussels, where
his inftrudions were sent to him. He has with
him, as Mr. Grenville had, two state messengers.
Mr. Vaughan, a merchant in Jamaica, who also
has been a few days in Paris, is a private man, who
has spoken as yet but with Mr. Franklin."
Hague, August 14. Mr. Doringer, Secretary
of the Legation at the Court of Vienna, had, the
day before yesterday, a conference with the Presi
dent of the States General, and has delivered to