The Pennsylvania packet, or, The general advertiser — Lancaster, Pa.;Philadelphia, Pa., 1780-02-05 00:00:00, page 3

The firft effects of valour animated by enthusiasm were
irrefiftiole ; part of the If-ffer Asia. all Syria and Palef
tin A , were wrested from the Infidels; the banner of the
Cross was displayed on Mount Sion ; Cen flap thiopie, the
capital of the Chriflian empire in the eafi, was leized by a
body of these adventurers, who had taam arms agaioft
the Mahometans; and an Earl of FhWm, and his de
fcadasts, kep; possession of the hop rial throne during
hal£a centpry. But, though the firft inpreffion of the
Crusaders was so unexpected that they made their con
quers with great eafe,they found infinite difficulty in pre
ferring them. EfUblifhments so distant from Europe,
lurrounded by warlike nations, animated with fanatical
seal scarce inferior to that of the Crusaders themselves,
were perpetually ^danger of being cvertmed. Before
the expiration of the thirteenth century, the Chriftiaos
were driven out of art taeir Afi,&tic possessions, in acqui
ring of which incredible numbers of ten had perilled,
and immense sums of money had been wafted. The only
common enterprize in which the European Ration s ever
engaged, and which all undertook with equal ardour, re
mains a angular monument of human folly.
But ft era these expedition, extra vagrant as they were,
beneficial consequences followed, which had neither been
forefeen nor expeded. In their progress towards the Holy
Land, the followers of the cross marched through coun
tries better cultivated, and more civiliz ed than their own.
Their firft rendezvous was commonly in Italy, in which
Venice, Genoa, Pita, and other cities had begun to ap
ply themselves to commerce, and had made fame advance
towards wealth as well as refinement. They embarked
there, and, landing in Dalmatia, pursued their route by
land to Conflantinople. Though the military spirit had
been long extinct in the eastern empire, and a despot fm
es the werft fpectes had annihilated almost every public
virtue, yet Con ftantinople, having never felt the deftruc
tiverage of the barbarous nation;, was the greatefl, as
well as the most beautiful city in Europe, and the only
one in which triers remained any image o' the ancren' ele
gance in manners and arts. The naval power of the east
ern empire was considerable. Manufadures of the most
curious fabric were carried on in Its dominions. Constan
tinople was the on Jy mart in Europe for the commodities
•f th# Raft- fadies Although the Saracens and Turks
~ H E Crusades, or expeditions in order to rescue the
I Holy Land out of the hands of Infidels, seem to be
the firft event that roused Europe from the lethargy io
which it had bten long funk, and that tended to introduce
any change in government, or in manners. It is natu
ral to the human mind to view those places which have
been distinguished by being the residence of ;iny iiluftrious
perfowage, or che scene of any great tranfa&ioa, witri some
degree of delight and veneration. From this principle
flowed the superstitious devotion with which ChriOians,
from the eirliefi age, of the Church, were accuAamed to
visit that country which the Almighty had fended as the
inheritance of his favourite people, and in which the Son
©f God had accomplished the redemption of mankind. As
this distant pilgrimage could not be performed without
considerable expence, fatigue and danger, it appeared the
more meritorious, arid came to be coafidered as an expi
ation for almost every crime. An opinion which spread
with rapidity over Europe about the ciofe of the tenth and
beginning of the eleventh century, and which gained uni
versal credit, wonderfully augmented the number of these
credulous pilgrims, and increased the ardour with which
they undertook this useless voyage- The thousand years
mentioned by St. John were fuppefed to be accomplished,
and ths end of the world to be at hand. A general con
fiernariou seized mankind; many relinquished their pof
feifibns, and, abandoning their friends and families, hur
ried with precipitation to the Holy Land, where they ima
gined that thrift would quickly appeaftto judge the world.
While Paleftino continued fubjeft to the Caliphs, they had
encouraged the resort of pilgrims to JeruLUm ; and con
sidered this as a beneficial species of commerce, which
brought into their dominions gold and'filvec, and carried
nothitig.oat of them but relics and confesrated trinkets.
But, the Turks having conquered Syria about the middle
of the eleventh century, pilgrims were exposed to outrages
of every kind from these fierce barbarians. This change,
happening precisely at the juncture when the pannic terror,
which I have mentioned, rendered pilgrimages most fre
quent, filled Europe with alarm and indignation. Every
perhn who returned from Palestine, related the dangers he
had encountered in visiting the Ho'y City, and described
with exaggeration the cruelty and vexation of the Turks.
When the mindao! men were thus prepared, thezeal of
a fanatical monk, who conceived the idea of leading all
the forces of Chrlflendomagainft the Infidels, and of driv
ing them out of the Holy Land by violence, was Efficient
to give a begimog to that wild enterprise. Peter the her
mit, for teat wa the name of this martid apostle, ran
from Province to Province with a crucifix in his band, ex
citiQ Princes end people to this Hcly War, and where
ever he came kindled the fame enthusiastic ardour for jt
with whicn he bimfelf was animated. The Council of
Placentia, where upwards of thirty th^ufand persons were
afte.nbled, pronounetJ the feheme to have been suggested
by the immdiate infpirrt'on of Heaven. In the Council of
Clermont, Phi more numerous, ae loon as the meafore was
prepofed, all toad out with one voice, ' It is the will of
God.' Performs of all rack were (niter: with the Conta
gion ; nor only rhe gallant Nobles of that age, with their
martial followers, whom the boMnefs of a romantic enter
prise might have been apt t® allure, but mem in the more
humble and picific-flatfons of life ; eccitfaftici of every
order, and even women and children engaged with emu
lation in rat under .ring which was deemed (acred and
meritorious.
If we may believe the concurring testimony of cotem
por&ry authors, fix millions of persons assumed the cross,
which was the badge that distinguished such as devoted
themfetes to this holy warfare. All Europe, fa„ the
Prmcefe Anna Comnena, torn up from the foundation,
seemed ready to precipitate itfef in one united body upon
Alla, Nor did the fames of this enthufiafiic zeal evapo
rate at once : The frenzy was as lading, as it was extra
vagant. During two centuries, Europe seems to have had
no object but to recover, or keep poffeffi+m of the Holy
Land: rod, through that period, vail armies continued
to march thither.
The EFFECTS of the CRUSADES on tkMa^
aers, Commerce, and Policy of Europe.
had torn from the empire m*ny of its richest province,
and had reduced it within very narrow bounds, yet great
wealth flowed into ihe capital from these various (ources,
which not only chetifhed such a taste for magnificence, but
kept alive such a relish for the sciences as appeared conti
derable, when compared with what was known in other
parts of Europe. Even in Asia, the Europeans who had,
assumed the cross found the remains of the knowledge and
arts which the example and encouragement of the Caliphs
hand dtnufed through their empire. Although the atten
tion of the hiftcrians of the Crusades was fixed on other
objects than the date of society and manners, among the
nations which they invaded, although mdft of them had
neither taste nor difeemment enough to describe them, they
f relate, however, such signal aQs of humanity and generosi
ty in the coaduß cf Saladin as well as, font e other leaderspf
the Mahometans, as give us a very high idea of their man
ners. It was cot possible for the Crusaders to travel
through so many countries, and to behold their various
customs and institutions, without acquiring information
and improvement. Their views enlarged; their prejudi-.
ces wore off; new ideas crouded into their minds; ^nd
they must have been sensible on many pecafions of the rus
ticity of their own manners, when compared with those of
a more polished people. These impreflions were not so
flight as to be effaced, upon thei, return to their native
countries. A close intergourfe subsisted between the Ea&
and Weft during two centuries ; new armies were conti
nually marching from Europe to Asia, while former ad
venturers returned home and imported many or the col
toms to which they had been familiariftd by a long resi
dence abroad. Accordingly, we dricover, soon after the
commencement of the Crusades, greater fpieudor in the
Courts of Princes, greater pomp in public ceremonies,
a more refined ta fie in pleasure and amusements, together
with a more romantic spirit of enter, rife spreading gradu
ally over Europe ; and to these wild expeditions, the of,
fe& of faperftiben or folly, we owe the firft gleams &f
light which tended to dif,tl barbarity and ignorance.
(To be continued.)
PHILADELPHI A,
In GENERAL ASSEMBLY.
Friday, February 4th, 1780.
Thrill intitled An A& to redoreand ascertain the va
lue es divers fines, penalties, and forfeitures, herein men
tioned which may be incurred by the breach of divers
A&s of Aftembly of this Commonwealth, was read a fe,
cond time, and being debated by p'rag aghs was ordered
to be transcribed for a third reading, and in the mean time
printed for confideratiun
Extraa from the Minutes,
THOMAS PAINE,
Clerk of the General Aftembly.
An ACT to restore and ascertain the value of divert
fines, penalties, and forfeitures, herein after mentioned,
which may be incurred, by the breach of divers Afis of
Afftmbly of this Commonwealth.
WHEREAS divers fines, penalties, and for
feitures, which are limited not to exceed certain
films, andthe fpecific fines, pnaitiesand forfei
tures, which were heretofore, as well before the revolution
as fiace, provided', directed, and eltahlifhed, in and by
divers A&s of Amenably cf Pennsylvania ftilf in force, in
order to enforce and secure the obfetvance of the fame,
have, by reason of the great variation and rife in the prices
of commodities, become generally uncertain, and very
inadequate to the purposes for which they were intended
and ordained, whereby divers gobd and wholesome laws
of this State have been enervated, and have left their pro
per vigor and efled, ts the great injury of the sober and
quiet citizens, and to the dishonour of the Commonwealth;
For remedy whereof,
Be it enabled, and it is hereby enabled by the Repre
sentatives of the Freemen of the Commonwealth of Fenn
fylvania in General Affemhly met, and by the authority
cf the fame, That the federal and refeedive fines, penal
ties or forfeitures aforefaid; in all cases where the fame
are expressed and set in money, which shall be incurred
by, impeded on or recovered against any person or per
sons, io any court of record, or in a summary way, be
fore any Justice of the Peace or otherwise, as well at tl^
suit of rhe party greived aud in an nation gu;i4% as at
the suit of the Commcnwtalth, shall be efiimated, compu
ted, levied and fatisfi e?, in the manner in which, the
fees of certain officers of this State, are or ought to be e
flimated, computed, levied and fatis^ed, in purfcarce
of an Aft of Atfembly of this Conimen wealth, intituled,
" An A& for the better support of certain officersof this
State, and for ,fcer:aihing the 'peciSc finesand penalties,
which they m.^ incur by neghe# of duty," paged on the
27th of November lafi, fuojca however to the rules and
directions following ; that is to fay,
Every such fine, penalty or forfeiture which shall be
incurred, iropofed or recovered as aforefaid, by virtue of
any Aft of Affernbly, which was made in the lat^ Province
of Pennsylvania, and has been revived since the revolu
tion, and reminded by the legislature of this Common
wealth, shall be effimured, computed, levied and fatisfied,
as aforefifd, alter the rate of wheat at ten shillings per
bufheb.
Every such fine, penalty or forfeiture, which shall be
incurred, impaled or recovered, as aforefaid, by virtue
of an A& of Affernbly Qf this Commonwealth puffed
within the year cf our Lord 1777, shall be estimated,
computed, levied and fatiffied, as aforefaid, after the rats
of wheat at per bafheL
Every such fise, penalty @r forfeiture which shall be
incurred, imposed or recovered, as aforefaid, by virtue
of any Aft of Assembly of this Commonwealth, passed in
the year of our Lord 1778, shall be climated, com
puted, levied, and fatisfiad, asafcrefaid, After the rate of
wheat at per b'ufhel.
And every such fine, penalty or forfeiture, which mail
be incurred, impofedfar recovered, as aforefaid, by vir
tue of any AR of Assembly of this Commonwealth, pas
sed within the year of our Lord One thousand seven hun
dred and seventy nine, shall be efhmated, computed, le
vied and fatisfied, as afcrefiid, after the rate of wheat
3 per bu&l.
*.* The CONSTITUTIONAL SOCIETY
meet this evening, the sth inftaat, at fix o'clock ,recite
ly,at the Dutch Lutheran School house, in Cherry-Alley.
EDWARD POLE, Secretary.
r N. B. The room will be accommodated with a good so.
in the Hove.
x^x^x^^x^mom^x^x
Philadelphia, February 3, 1780.
On -TUESDAY the sth indent, and FRIDAY
the aith, at the The tr% in Southwark, Ladies and
Gentlemen will b^ agreeably entertained with various
t new Equilibriums on the
S L A C K,. W I. R E,
Such as never were performed on the Continent but by
the ectariffled
Mr. T EMFLE M A N,
Late from Europe.
tYX balances, turn^^d firings on the wire to ad*
X 1 miration. , : >•
He been the drum on the wire in full swing.
Re plays with fefe,al tails on the wire with great dex
terity.
, He balances a sword on the brim of a wine-glaffe,
walks backward and forward, kheds down, and reco
vers with great agility. r .
He walks blindfold cn the wire, fits down and rifts up.
6 He utrin a chur on the wire, balances a faaw, with a
fu:nifliedlable before him, wnep. in full iwing.
He balances a plate on the hilt of a fuerd, with the
point of the sword un the. edge of a milled dollar, and
the opppfitc edge es the dollar co the brim of a wins
glris, and rasku all spin like a top.'
He w&lks, kneels and swings on a board to admiration.
Abh a great variety, of ciher exhibitions win. pipes,
hoop,, h*b, &c. &c. Arc. too tedious to mention.
The performance Mill conclude with a curope^t horn
pipe. The doors to b# cpepM at Five o'clock in the
evening, and to begin at Six. -
Tickets may be had at tne Coffee-Heufc, the City Ta
vern, and the place of performance. Box Forty Dol
lars^-Pit Thirty Dollars—Gallery Twenty Dollars.—
Ckfldr^Ri frem five years eld to twelve, Mill be admit
ted for Fifteen Dollar. The houfc will he well illu
mlnatsd, and the company entertained with good
Mufie.
A f^ DOZENS of b^ft FReNC^T~
BOW STRI A G S,
:TO BE SOLD BY
DAVID R EE S,
At the corner cf Church. Alley, in Third-fl ect, be
tween Market and Arch streets, Philadelphia.
T 0 ,B~EF"O~L— S7-
And may be entered on next April,
& HOUSE, and about eight mu' a huff acres of
Ground, in the No>tLein Liberties, abon, two
m&s from the city, (formerly part of Dorse's land)
being on 3 line leading to Robert Mur 1, E.qui e'g
place, 0: Schuylkill, and nearly oppafre Mr, Tun-.r'e
place on the Wffihickcitoac $ The boufe it ,x feet by
13, tea Rories high, t'o rcOm; bn a fluor, ^ith good
cellars, sod a ten det Wide ,i;zzi round toe one half:
Alio a two itor, brick Kircher adjoining : The whole
is well finished, and was built abcut four ye re finer.
A new frame building, -6 feet by 27, containing sta
bling for four horses ann four cows, chair and cart
boufe, &c. and loft fuffioent for eighteen or twenty tons
of hay ; a pump of excellent water near the house." The
land lays high, airy and healthy; great part of it was
manured zud fi.w^ with clover last fumhw, and is un
der good fence. It is very-(ratable for a Summer retreat
for a genteel fami,y, or for attending the market. The
purchaser may be accommodated cm a leale with a let
adjoining the above, containing upwards of five acres;
on this lot there is an extraordinary good garden with
, asparagus and Strawberry beds, aad young bearing treat
0; the heft kinds of peaches, pvars, &c. a young or
chard of about four acres, highly manured laft.fall, and
how great part in wheat and clover. For t^rmr apply
to the fubfcribtr, on the premises; who likewise has to
dispose of, a gcvd borfe for chair or faddi-, milch cows,
farming utenfili, and feme feed potatoes of the belt kind.
4 ADAM HUBLEY.
W A S N-"D7
On rhe twenty-sixth of January last, in Market- street,
near Seventh ftrret, Philadelphia,
, LEATHER POCKET BOOK, containing
Z'l a quantity of Continental currency, with feme
fyecie. Whoever has lolt the fame, by describing the
contents and 0 flng char^m m%v have it again by ap
plying to E UGH KNO X, in Lower Morion town
ship, Cheftir county, neat Charles Humphreys', mill.
met. owemro.,._£-_s= ««——we I,lm ,^.^^. _—_.=&^—^^-s - «—_,
Philadelphia, February a.
°Tbree Hundred Dollars Reward.
%^HE d^dlizg-houfe of the fubferher was b^ok#
§ ofen last nght, and robved of one fine diaper,
cloth, one fine Hofcnd apron, one Ori,cd muffin ditto
masked M G. two fityer. watched ore too m#er% ~n?me
W. Brown, London, No, 24.6, the other marked Clay
ton on the silver face; rifo a fyrfe-whip &>wite with
silver, engraved Do^cr Sennan, a pair of cid ^friobed
large square silver (hoe-buckles, 304 feverat other arti
dn not recollected. Whoever ?pyrch<nds the robber
or robbers with the goods, fh^ receive the above re
ward, cr Two Hundred Dollars for the goods, or
in proportion for zn, part of them.
GEORGE GLENTWORTH.
TO BE SO L D,
A HANDSOME IRON G^. ATE
COPPER COAL.B OX, net fcwort,
wear. Alfa about twenty-five bufoehof tOAL £
in calks. The whole to be fold together. Enquire es
the Printer#,