The Pennsylvania packet, or, The general advertiser — Lancaster, Pa.;Philadelphia, Pa., 1780-02-17 00:00:00, page 2

therefore, being the nature of wealth, operates li|te mitt*
ter with a momentary equal to its quantity multiplied in
to its velocity.
Here let us pause ; and while we contemplate the huge
objeti, which by a combination of natural, moral and po
litical causes, is drives forwards impetuously towards ge
ntl ruin over the proflrate morals of society and amid
t?e imprecations ei the widow, the feeble, the fa;herlef„
the aged, the undefended, let us pause and endeavour to
inveffyate those other causes which with contrary influ
ence have impeded, checked, flopped, and almost invert
ed its progress ; caufe^, which if left to their free opera
tion, will fay to this deluging flood in the imperative tone
of authority, so far (hilt thou go and no farther.
And here it is to be observed, that although in the firft
inflate depreciation will generate a further depreciation,
yet at length that further depreciation will cure itfclf. For
there is Something in money which leads it, like the power
of gravitation in fluids, to seek continually the natural
level. Of confequ^nce, therefore, when by any accident
niozey is raised too high, it immediately descend,; and,
if left to itfeif, after many undulations will come to a fix
ture. The increased depreciation having railed the prices
of all articles, it fs soon found that the circulating medium
is too final! for toe purposes of commerce. Money then
becomes relatively scarce. The oppofte Cause produces
an oppoffte effect and runs to the opposite extreme, until
at length it finds that mean where the value is in dir^
proportion to the quantity^ This reasoning, however,
does not apply to a medium conflantly increasing, an ex
ceptien which will be afterwards noted, brit is mentioned
in this place because otherwise conclusions might be too
forcibly drawn from whit fed been before Rated.
1 have spoken of paper hitherto without marking parti
cularly the effects which follow from the idea of redemp
tion. But now let us advert for this purpose to our own
paper. Suppose a full confidence prevailed that in twenty
yeafe it would be appreciated to its nominal value; th,
every man possessed of forty dollars would believe that if
he kept it twenty years it would be we; th forty dollars in
fpe@. Now if we reckon a compound interest at fix per
teat, forty dollars payable twenty years hence will be
worth at prefect about twelve and a half, which deducting
two and a half leaves ten. Wherefore it would follow,
that he who ptuchafed paper at the rate of four for one,
would have the best possible security to receive a compound
fix per cent, interest on his money, with an ultimate addi
tional profit cf twenty five per cent, at the end of twenty
years. Our piper then, computing it at forty for one, is
depreciated ten times more than it woald.be if the ultimate
objects of credit were unimpaired. Whether the public
diffidence arises from an idea of the poverty of the State,
the weakdeis of government, or their want of integrity,
is not as yet the fubjed of enquiry. Let it Suffice at pre
sent to cb'erve, that the favorable or unfavorable opinion
on these topics must nectffarily retard or accelerate the
progtefs of depreciation.
To tbefe two general principles may be added some
others of lefter import, which will meet the attention of
the contemplative reader. Quitting then this fubjeft for
the prefect, the next bbje& deserving of notice is to exa
niine the effe^s of those laws made with the express defigh
of fupportiog the credit of our paper. \
I am your friend,
AN AMERICA N.
Front a Martino paper, of the 2d o'December, we have
taken the following extras.
CONSTANTINOPLE, August 1.
TH E Captain Pacha, who was said to have been dis
graced, still maintains his pla^ against all theefforts
of his enemies. His glory, arid the Aperiority of Ais ge
nius, have vvqnifted those who wjfrj to have destroyed
him. The grand S rigaior has feet him at the head of a
squadron of 29 flrips of war, and a land army of 30,000
men, to fobdue and bunifll the Albanians, who have re
volted in the Morca Tne firftnewa wehaye receive! of
this expedited, was, express charged with 28 heads of the
Rebels, which the Captain Pacha sent to his matter, to
prove how prompt he was to execute bis orders.—
This Admiral will need all his own firmnefs ro surmount
the obftaries he will meet with among theßebds. When
he arrived at Serez, a city of Macedonia, be wasdiLp
pointed of the orovifions necessary for his troops, widen
he bad ordered to be coPeded. He demanded the reason
of this difobtdAaf,e: Two of Ebe principal inhabitants re
plied, that they wanted the pruvifion^ they had for their
own fokliers. Irritated withtaisaoftver, Reordered them
to be firanfled uppn the foot. But this execution, far
from intimidating the Albanians, animated treni to ven
seancei and the Ottoman troops did not triumph till as-
Orabloody baffle, and a considerable loss, Ris believed
tue Captain Pacha will have much to do to restore quiet
to the Morca: The Rebels are preparing to fhutup the
entrance of that Peninsula, and we are assured, that 30,00©
are already assembled at the Isthmus of Corinth, which it
must now be extremely difficult to force.
IE is (aid that the order that h.s been given to prevent
the Eighth from transporting their merchandize from In.
dia to Serez, „as solicited by their Atribaffadnr, at the de'
fine of their im^a company, who loft by that channel a
duty of 30 per cent, which they draw from all goods direct
ly brought from Asia to England.
Two Ruffian efficers, the onea Major, the bther a
Lieutenant of Huffarg, have arrived here from Peterf
burgh, having been feat as couriers from that Court.
They have brought to the Count de Sb Priest, Ambassa
dor from France, the prefects which their Sovereign have
made him. The thickness and workmanship of the F,n
figns of the otderofSt. Andrew, they delivered to him, may
be judged of by the price of the star alone, which amounts
to 20,000 piasters . The diamond sent tohis lady is valued at
jig,ooo. Tue Emprefe added three Bills of Exchange, of
5000 crowns, which the Count de St. Priest is to difpwfe of
as he pleaser. The Count de Panin, and Prince Potemkin,
have, at the fame time, wrote him a letter, to congratulate
him on the success of his negocations. The penetration,
the diferetion, and the address, with which this Mini Her
terminated the differences that threatened eternal discord
between Russia and Porte, deserve the highest eulcgiums.
The general opinion of all Europe is, that the Czarina,
far from answering the felicitations of Great- Britain, has
declared herfelfmediatrefe in the quarrel with France, nod
that the is determined to forward a peace, that ihall mot be
4ifagrseabk to the Court of Verfaillei;.
M A RTI N I C 0, December t
We thiak it our duty to acquaint cur readers with the
movements of ,the naval armament cruising in the chan
nel, Under the command of M. Ie Comte d'Orvilliers, of
which we find the following particulars, published in
France, under the title of " The flight of the Eagl/fh be
fore the combined fleet, from the isles of Stilly to the en
trance of Plymouth Sound."
On the 3ifl es August, 1779, the fleet commanded by
M, le Comte d'Orvilliers being in three divisions, fleering
E. by S. with variable winds, from W. S. W. to W, N.
W. and N. the Commander in chief, at the bead of his
proper division, M. le Comte de Guichen in the center
of his divifon, onthe left of the white squadron, and
his Excellency Don Michael de Gallon in the center of
the blue, on the right ; his Excellency Don Louis de Cor
dova, on the left of the grand fleet; and the light squad
ron, commanded by M. de la Touche Trevibe, on the
right of the blue; tae fire-lhips, bombs, and pther vef
tels, on both the wings. At break of day the frigates a
head diftov&ej the British fleet lying too on the flat
board tack, right a-head of the combined fleet, and a
quarter after five o'clock (A. M.) the Bretagne, who wai
the leading ship of her division, could plainly fee the ene
my, who toy that time had made fail with their flat
board tacks a-board, endeavouring to form the line,
their rear bearing E by N. and their van E. by S. diflance
about four or five leagues : At the fame time the files of
Scilly were in fight froix themaft-head, bearing N. N. E.
Upon which the Commander in Chief made the following
ditpetien of his fleft' —The white {quadron were ordered to
bring on thelarboard tack one after the other, and to make
all the fail they possibly could ; the blue fqdadron to bring
too on the starboard tack; and the white on the larboard
tack. The object of this evolution is felf evident, M. le
Comte de Guichen with his squadron being deftin^d to cut
off the retreat of the English by running between therc and
their own ceaft, and depriving them of the means of frui
ter inany cf their parts; for although the Britifn fleet
appeared to bo very diligent in farming their dne on the
/starboard tack, yet the Camte d'Orvilliers could not be ea
sy until the communication between them and the land
was cut off; nevertheless, be did not negled to prepares
for defence on trie starboard fide, feeing that the enemy
were there forming ip great haste in this design, and to keep
the weather gage of the enemy's van, he haul'd the wind
and brought too the other two squadrons, —a movement of
so much toe more importance, as it was then pad a doubt
that the wind was veering round by the North to the N.
E. to which the keennefe and clearness of the weather gave
evident proof. The (hip Bretagne lying too on the lar.
board tack gave different orders to the frigates and to the
Longre le Chaffure, immediately to reconnoitre the ene
my's fleet, that he might be informed every moment by
signals from these veffe)s of all the motions of the English,
—by the pefirien of the white squadron, defined to form
the main body of the line of battle in tab combined fleet,
this squadron remained in full liberty to follow without
lofsor time the motions of the other two; which, as cir
cumstances might happen, should form the van of the
combined fleet either on the starboard or the larboard ticks,
so that it was in-.poffiblefor the line to rcifs ci if,layfog itfeif
with all the expedition so large a fleet were capable of;
but that which is truly important, and above ^^^y other
thing, ought to Weigh most with every able feakian who
confoders the petition of.two fleets comparatively in the
breach of the there, w^ich doubtless made it necessary
to run the white and the blue squadrons into the channel,
to cut off the retreat of the Engidh from their own har
bours. The fecorid object was, not to tofe the ad
vantage of the weather gage, in case the Englifa conti
nued to Hand on with their starboard tacks a bo<ru' f to pet
out to fa. 4 —As soon as the Engl fn Admiral parceled that
M. Ie Comte de Guichen, with his squadron, was Rand
ing in towards the English coafi, he wore away his whole
fleet with precipitations and fled, with a^ the fail he could
poffridy Croud. The light squadron of the combined diet
had orders to chafe ; there was litewife a signal made for'
the whole fleet to pursue the enemy, and at the fame time
a tignal to the leading ship of the line of battle, t< di est
her course in such 4 manner as to forelay the leading Riip
of the enemy's fleet, but unfortunately eur pursuit wis in
vain, although we chafed the Eu,hfh into the very entrance
of Plymouth Sound, for this re fa:, that it is not easy for
one fleet to gain four or five leagues, in th^ ourfr of a
day, of another fiet, who flit® wrh all the fail they can
possibly mike, * efpeoally with light variable winds, which
nappen to favour the runaways, and opens to them
an harbour where they may be file, leaving to leeward
th?ir pursuers.
The Engljfh kept well together during their flight,
and the wind heading them on their firft courts, neces
sarily placed them like chequers, which was the best or
der of defence against any detached An ps from the com
birred fleet, in case they could have come up with their
rear.
The firft of September we perceived the enemy's fleet
fix or (even leagues to windward of trie combined fleet, at
that time having it in their p^wer to fetch into Plymouth
Sourid, although they were ftili purfaed by the frigates
la Concord, la GHire, and several others ; the wind at
that time about east, heading the combined fleet more and
more as it hauled round. Sometime after M. M de Cor
dova and de Gaston, M. M. de Monterf, de Aniblimont,
and several other commanders in the rear, made signals
for feeing ri, 13, up to 15 kil of(hips to reward of the
combined fleets ; these figna^ being made and frequently
repeated by firing of cannon, which always indicates
femething of importance; the Admiral also knowing the
impossibility of overtaking the enemy's fleet, who then
bad it in their power to fetch the Ram-head, which mate
the entrance of Bly mouth,Shund; and fearing that tie
fllips announced to him by the foregoing signals might
escape in a thick fog, ordered by a filial ail the flWps of
the fleet to vere before the wind, and to join those fllips
who had made the figrials for feeing so many Grange fails
to leeward, and with them to chafe, and finally so, the
whole fleet to follow the chafing ships : fa three hours this
convoy was joined by the van of our grips, and in fc*r
hours by the Bretagne; they proved to be Holland
ers coming from Surinam, efeerted by three frigates and
one finali ship of the lioeQelongior to the Republick.
* W® could never fie from the Bretagoerqu&rter -deck,
any part es the English flips below their topsails, at which
time rhe Bretagne was at the head of the center divifion^
and a very clear horizon.
M, le Coni,tede QrvUfr# would had vidn^gfy re'
turned to Plymouth; hot on r^fleaing that the mips of
his fleet were in want of water, and several other articles
of the firft aedeffity: and tbit the means of procuring th efe
things, had he remained in the channel, (from whence
there may not be an opportunity of returning at pleafare)
he determined to seek between the Lizard and Ouaffaof,
a convey which he bad heard cf long before his departure
from Brest.— —Tiie fleet having arrived off Ufhaot, re
ceived orders to return into port to takeiri water and other
refreshments, and to complfat thkir compliment cf men,
In confequerce of which they entered Brest water on the
loth, irth, rath, 13th and 14th of Septerroer ; where
they waitfreßi orders to put to feadn a day' itime.
PHILADELPHI A.
In GENERAL ASSEMBLY.
February ,0, 1780,
The bill intitleci " An A° for incorporating the Society
formed for the relief of poor, aged and infirm Mailers of
Ships, their Widows end Children, " wasread the second
time,, and being debated by paragraphs, was ordered to be
franfcriiied for a third re.din;, and in the mean time
printed for confider t ; m.
ExMa fiom the Minutes,
THOMAS PAIN E,
Clerk of the General Affembly#
An ACT for incorporating the Society formed for the
relief of poor, 2^ and infirm Mahers of Ships, their
"Widows and Children.'
TUHEREAS by an Act of General Assembly ; pafc
7 fed the twenty fourth day of February tn the year
of our Lord Oue tfyafaej feyab hundred and fey aty,
inti led, ' An A 8 'or mcorpdratirtf fy Society formed
for the relief of pc%, aged and infirm mifr rs of fhip#
ditir widows @id childrm, it was crßAtd, that tw.h
and every .person, who bad .fobfcri^M err!am article of
agreement, bearing date ^e seventh day o' CP iber in the
year of our Lord'One tborand seven 1 urigred ard fixty
five made and ezecued^t t s e purpose cftaifirm a fund to
bt apprepri ted tow rds th tel e' and fuyport o poor,aged
and infirm ma&sofihipj their w^in^nHO children, and
all Chers who should afterwards becc'me contributor#
to the ft.id Society, upon ft® terms io the said A& fpeci
fcd, should be a body oolitic aid corporate io law to all
intents ari^ purposes, &.-. as by the laid AR more fully
doth appear AND WHEREAS it Inis hitherto been
experienced that much tnetit hath accrued from the be
nevotence of the said Society to the rel^f of individuate,
and to the public from i'<us emurxgifig an incre^fe of
fkuful mariners. AND WHEREAS the late revolution
requires that coqfidereble alterations Ihould be made in the
(aid Aft to enable the Lid Society to proftcute their bene
volent and ufefol defiers.
Be it enaaed, and it is herebyegaded by tl,v Reprafen
taliyes of the Freemen of the Commonwealth of Pennsyl
vania in General Afemhiy met, arid by the authority of
tbefame, That all and every, perfen and performs who
have heretofore fubferihed certain .'articles of agreement,
bearing date the seventh day ofOdeber in tie year of
our Lord Onathetifarid seven hundred and fix',-five, made
and executed for the pvrpofes.aforefeid, ano ea<h and eve^
ry one who fall hereafter pay and contribute any sum
of money not lefc than three pounds, andtoefurther sum
cftwelve &llingt admail, to the Treasurer herein after
mentioned,, to and for rhe pfes and pwpofat in this Aft
ipecified, fiiall be, and they ace here! y dedared to.be,
Marners ofthe said Society, and art; Nt^y made a bo
dy politic and corporate in law todi intents' and,rirpo
fes, and fhail have perpetual fu <tfi)on, and may sue and
be filed, ph«oaed be impleaded, by thenayre of 5% Scci^'
^jor tie relief cf„, r aid d^&d Mafo 4/ SLfy, their
W.tras ^*4 Cbdd ra, in al' Courtsof Judicature within
this Commonwealth, and by tyat name ffiall and may
purchase any lands, terieroent, andeftatefyand,aifo receive
and take any lands, tenements & herf^dharaehts, no' ex
ceed pg the yearly value of thopferj pounds, of
the gift, alienation ordevife, and any goods and chattels
o' toe bequest, of any perfea or pe.foss'whatfcever ; and
fhdl nd raay lend on in:ereft any sum cr fams of money
bet nging to the laid Contributors,, to such person or per
fens, bodies politic or corporate, as may be willing to
borrow the fame, in the manner and on fich real or other
fortuities as they flrll think proper and Efficient ; and the
feid Corporation are hereby iropowerid to have and use
one common seal, in all their affairs.
And be it further euaßed by the authority aforesaid.
That all and every deed, conveyance, mortgage, ,bond,
bill or otper securities for monies lent, which have been
heretofore taken in the name ®f the Treasurer heretofore
appointed by the said Contributors, (hall and may be fried
for, and recovered in the name of “ The Society for the
relief of poor and distressed Masters of Ships, their Widows
and Children," in as full, ample and effeaual a manner,
as if the laid deeds, conveyances, mortgages, bonds, bills
and other securities, had been, and were taken in that
name ; any thing in the said securities to the contrary
Dotwi<h/land ing.
AND WHEREAS the said Contributors did on the
firft Monday in January, in the present year of our Lord
One thcufand seven hundred and eighty, in pursuance cf
the faid'A&, eled Samuel Mifflin, Wj%m Byfitam,
James Craig, George Ord, Nathaniel Falconer, so
feph Blewer, John Woo Is, William Brown, Henry Dough
erty, Wiliam Alh%:ne, John Hazelwood) end Leefen
Simmons, to be managers for th® ensuing year:
Be it therefore Lifted by the authority afcrefaid, That
the said Samuel Ali Min, Widi?m Hylharr, James Craig,
George Ord, Nathaniel Falconer Jokph Elmer, John
Woods, William Brof/n, Henry Dougherty, Wiliam
Allibone, John HazUwcoNird Leefoo S.mrroas, &i |b#
and continue Managers of the said Society until the frft
Monday in January next alter the publication of this
Aft, and until others foil be chcf^.in their room a
which said Managers and al! other Managers hereafter
to be chosen by virtue of this aft, or a majorit,of them,
being perfonsrap- bW'^f elffling and being ele&ri mem
bers of After. Ely within this State, are hereby authori
zed arid importer d to provide & seal 'orth said Society,
and to change or alter the fame, it they shall fee occasion,
and also to take in, place obt, secure and improve the flock,
and to dispose of the interefl,profits and produce thereof,
together wth the yearly payments of twelve /hidings,
which Bull be made after the said firft Monday in Janu
ary in the prefect yeafOue thoufead feveq hundred and