The Pennsylvania packet, or, The general advertiser — Lancaster, Pa.;Philadelphia, Pa., 1780-02-12 00:00:00, page 2

^ orc A^Ws er ^^ z^to^rrz, CZAR of
LfUSCC ™Y ; oersted from ^ memoirs of a French
genii ^?n, who nd Deen an officer in the RUSSIAN
ARMZAverai yearn
¥OHM SASiLOWITZ, Cwr of Mufoovy, eras
the frn thr.tr^ cr'd the Ruffian name formidable to
neir n.i,hbovr.%, which was before the contempt ot the
North, bring Linked upon as barbarians, and fierce a
degree above faw^. He was ciQ and therefore called,
The Tyrant ; 'hotter, that cruelty was exercised moftty
ph she enemies of bis empire, whom he subdued, agd made
wa / fir its future growth. He was brave, but of a very
whte^l humourf One day he went to hi& Diack, or
Secretary of State, and presented him with a petition
driwh up in form in hi, own name, and addr^Ted to the
Diack) Therein he prayed him to furhifa him by such a
bifir. with an army of two hundred thousand men, which
Would extremely oblige him, and engage him to raind him
always id hisprayers. The Diack, who knew his hn
mour, received tee petition, and fair! it mould be anfwer^d.
He railed the men with extreme diligence, and it was with
this army the Czar conquer'd Catan and Aftracan, and
made himfelf mefler' of Siberia....
The Muscovites loved him for his valour and familiarity
with theml He adefied to be as kind to the populace as
he was fever to the Boyars (or nobility.) He always held
a flick in his band with an iron spike in it, the pqiat of
which was very ih. % rp ; arid often, as he talked with them,
he would prick them in the legs; if the, endured the pain
with con fancy, he ever aft r took them into his favour,
and had a great efleem for them.
Complaint being made to him, that a Waywodc, or Go
vernor of a province', had received the prefect of a goose
fob' of ducats, upon a certain occasion, he sent for him to
court : warn he came there, the ; Czar seemed to know no
twne'of the bribe, but took him to a place where criml
oah-were commonly ex^tobd and cemmanded.the hang
rmn to cutofthis arnu@d lex,, and at every fhoke he
aft,Jhie, tid^ heiik^ /xfoißli?
Hearing tP^ fomeof the Eighth and ScotahM mace
dlverfion of his freaks, he cauferi them tobeftript naked,
an I br^u^Mri^e him; and in that condition he obliged
,fomt& pick rip five or fixbu&l<ol pea^, (which lie had
Matter'd abou his chamber on purpose) pea by pea, aed :
r -t each tingle pea iatoaliff ceffel placed in one corner
of the room. Whoa they had done, he was very jovial
wirh them, making them arink, and then dbmefl'd them,
aJiuoidhinz them not to laugh at him another time.
Astoe Muscovites had at this time, no lhipping, or
trade by f^, they lived within land, remote from the moral
and i>,j rnd? and u^polifhed in manners and behaviour,
they neither flood in ferir of, nor paid any regard to, any
chHftzdpoteat^te wharfoever Therefore it was this Prince
John E foowitz, who ordered a foreign ambafedor's hut
to be r&bd to his head, for daring to wear it in his pre
fehce. Alotwithftandiog which Sir Jeremy Bowes, the
Qiaen of Engi aid's ambaffiidor, coming to Mufcow foaa
after, not only put on his hat before him, but cock'd it
boldly. The Czar alkedhiin, If he had not heard how
another arabiiT&ir had been used for like, or Jess prefump.
rion? Sr Jeremy replied, Yes. Sir, but lam the ambas
sador of the Great Qyeeu Elizabeth of England, who
neither takes off nerb»net, not Handsbareheaded to a
ny Prince whatsoever : Her perfch I represent, who will
revenge to the utmost any indignity ih^ed to her Mini
fiers. Upon this the Cz.tr turned about to hi* courtiers,
and Aid, Here'll a brave man for you, who dares tal* and
act thus for the hohor and in,ere ft of bis Miftreis : Which
of y 63 would do as much Ar rhe ? Sir Jeremy Bowes, was
envied by th^Boy^s on thds account b ,and those of them
who ir/lt^ Czar's ear mob, persuaded him to give the
Knight a wild Lorie to back, hoping he would break his
deck in attempting if. Towes undertook the talk, and ma
na-wd the beast with such address, that fie mounted him,
rode him. 'ana fa tired him, that he fay down under him,
loft h.r^ai, and did not !:mg furtive the experiment.
After ;l<cb 1 eCtar bwly honored Sir Jeremy, and gave
him several particular marks of his efleem.
Bafhazz mak.n<n pro,.ref? through federal provinces of
frs ^,l^ divert Boyars and other perfoxs, prefeated
him with fich gifts as they thought would b p moft accepta
ble to Iliv. Among the reh a shoemaker conft&d with
his wife what prehat be irionld make his Majefly ; a
pd/of Lopkiv?, or /boss fie thought waitw little by it
itify'^u the advised sc- imibmd io dig up an uncommon
great turns, they had in toe garden, aw' prefect it with
'the Lu, kies to the Czar, who was so will pleased with the
hone? 'fimpiic^y of the map, that be nr.de him his shoe
maker, arid obliged,ft his couriers io buy rhete free of
him, and to give him d<,btej,e common price for each
psir. By this means the thosmaker won gr4V rich, and'
left off his trade : Bis children, who inherited his eflate,
became gentlemen, and are known to this day by themame
rs the LopoHkies. Soon after this, a rich covetous Boy
sr, perceiving bow th n poorhonefl tradesman had fared,
and in hopea'of some considerable rerompence; presented
the Czar with a very fine hbrfe, who, in return, gave
the gentleman the turns, he had received from the flfoe
maker.
This Prince difguifieg himfelf one day, rambled into
&e country near Moscow ; and coming tea village enqvit
rd for a lodging :Every body refafed to take him in,ex,
cept a poor man whose wife was in labour, and was deli
vered in the presence ofthe Czar. He returned to Mos
cow e. rly the next morning, profiling his landlord to
being him some gossips tc tae shriftcuing the next day : And
he was as good as his word ; for he went to the poor
man's houfeatcended by his whole court, and some per
foils of nigh rank flood Anetas for the child, and federal
rich preftutswre made to the family. After which he
canted all the other houses in the village to be burnt, ad
vising the inhabitants to be more charitable for the future,
telling them, that when they themselves had experienced
how pleahnt it was to lie upon the bare ground, and e
pen air in a cold winter's night, it would teacq them to
treat Grangers with more humanity hereafter..
The Czar took delight in afocLiiog himfelf with rob
bers in disguise: And one day he proposed to them the
robbing ofthe Treasury, telling them he knew how it was
to bedone. How !(fiys mid ofthe raieveg, giyinghim a box
on theear) you rascal you! Wou'd you rob the Empe
ror, who is io good rud generous a Prinee? Had we not
better falivpon one of the rich Boyars, who rot and pltn
&r him every day? The Czar was so well pleated with
his anfrtr, that bechanced saps with him, and desired
him to me^t him the next day at Bu&; 1 public house
by which he frequently tiled,to pass, telling the thiefthty
would be merry there, arid drink a cup of brandy and
methcglin together. The robber came at the time ap
pointed, and theCzar knowing him by iris cap, called
him to him, and advised him to change his conrfe of life,
pardoned him for what was past, and gave him a placeat
court; making ufeof him as a kind of thief-catcher, to
difeover and punilh the other rogues of hisgang.
The Gzar never shews himfell to his people out on cer
tain days di public rejoicing : When he appears it is al
ways with pomp; he is very magnificently dressed, his
robes glittering with gold and jewels : And bis attendants
are numerous, all handsomely apparelled : It is very sel
dom that he dines in public, when redoes, his nobles dine
in his presence, and his guards are placed all round his
palace, who stand like so many statutes, not daring to
(peak or Air for fear of making auvife. One would think
by the profound silence that is always there, that the place
was a desert; No body enters the inner-court, except his
domefticks and some Lords, whose offices require their prr
fonal attendance in the imperial palace.
An acount of the difiilling water fr^ih, from sea water, by
wood affies. Ev Capt. WILLIAM CHAPMAN. In
a letter to JOHN FOTHERGILL, M. D.
Whitby, loth ad mo- Feb, 1758.
N my return from average to the north part of Ruf
" fia, I procured a fufficient quantity of frefli water
from sea water, without trfing with me either ioftrumsats
or ingredients expressly for th^ purpose.
Some time in September iaE, when I had been ten d,s
at sea, by an accident (off the nerth cape of Finland) we
loft the greater part of oqr water. We had a h^fd gale
of wind at ftiurh weft, which continued three weeks, agd
drove us into 7,* lat. We had no raids, but feequ^U
f°6 s , which yielded water id very small quantities. I
/ now blamed iQyfelf for npt haying a still along with me
(ns I had ofteh thought no fid? flunld be without one).
But It was now too late j and there was a necessity to con
trive focTe me^ns for our prefervarion.
I was not arranger to Appleby's method : I had alto
a pamphlet wrote by Dr. Bntlrr intituled, an easy method
of procuring of freffi water at sea. And I imagined that
soap might fu„ !y (he place of capital lees, me.niQned by
hint I new let myfeifat work to coptrive a still; and or
dered an old pitch-pot, that hell about teo quanta, to be
made clean : My carpenter, by my direction, fitted to it
a cover of fir deal, about two inches thick, and very cl fe§
so that it was eafiiy made tigh t by luting it with paste. We
had a hole through the cover, in which was fixed a pipe
nearly perpendicular. This I call the flill-head : ft was bo
red with an auger of an inch and an half diameter, to with
in three inches of the top or extromiy, where it was let
solid. We had a hole in this, towards the uger part of its
cavity (with a proper angle) to receive a long wooden pipe,
which we fixed therein, to defeend # o the tubin which the
worm ffiould be placed. Here again I was at a loss; for
we had bo lead pipe, nor any sheet lead or board. I thought
if I could contrive a strait pipe, to go through a large
calk of cold water, it might anfwe, the end of a worm.
We then cut a pewter dish, and made a pipets feet long;
and at three or four trials [for we did nc^ let-plutle dif
courageus) we made it quite tight. We bored a hole
quite through a calk, with a proper defeent, io which we
fixed the pewter pipe, and made both holes in the calk
tight, and fill'd it with sea water : The pipe Ruck with
out the calk three inches on each fide. Having a^w got
my apparatus in readinefe, I put seven quarts of sea water
and an ounce of soap, into my pot, and set it on.,he fire.
The cover wssdteot from rifiog, by a prop of wood to the
bow. We fixed co the bead, and into it the long wood
en pipe above - mentioned, which was wide enough to receive
the end of the pewter one into its cavity. Weeafily made
the joint tight.
I need not tell thee with what anxiety I waited- for fee
cefs : But I was @n relieved; for, as loon as the pot
boiled, the water began th run, and in 28 minpree I got
a quart of freih water- I tried it with an hydrsraeter I
had on board, and foundir as light as river water; but it
had a rank oily taste, which limine was given it by the
soap. The taste Himicified coofidtrably, hi two cr three
days, but not so m&Gh as to make ft quite palatable, Our
sheep and fowls drank this water very greedily without a
ny ill eifea,. We coi&iHly kept our, still at work, and
got a gallon of water every two hours; which if there
had been a necessity to drink it, would have been fuffiti
snt for our Ship's crew.
I now thought of trying to get water more palatable;
and often perused the pamphlet above mentioned, especi
ally the quotation from 3ir R. Hawkins's voyage, who
with four billets distilled a bogihead of water whollome
and nourishing. I concluded be had delivered this ac
count under a veil, leßJiis method should be discovered :
For it is plain, that by four billets he could not mean the
fuel, as they would scarce warm a ho^fhead of water.
When, ruminating on this, it came into my head, that he
burnt bis four billets to ashes, and with the mixture of
tftyfe ashes with sea water, he diddled a boggled of freih
water, whoifomeand nourfthiog, Pledfed with this difco
vety, f cut a billet small, and burnt it to af^; and af
ter cleaning my pot, I put into it a fpoenful of those ashes,
with the ufaal quantity of sea water. The result answered
my expectations= The water came offbeat and trans
parent, with an agreeable oungeui t&fte, which at firfl I
thought was occasioned by the ashes, but afterwards was
convinced it received it from the resin sr tur, ratine in the
pot, or pipes nattered to it. I was now relieved from my
fears, of being distressed through want of water ; yet
thought it necefcy to advise my people not to be too
free in the afe of this, whilst we had any of our old fleck
remaining; and told them I wold make the experiment
firfl myfdf; which I did, by /rinkinga few glares every
day without any ill theft whatever." Thjs water was e
qua^y light with the other, and lathered very well with
soap. As to myfelf, I apt firmly pribaded, that wood
ashes, mixed with sea water, wilryrag, when diftillcd, as
good freih water as can be wilted for. And, 1 think, if q
very toip bound a long vafage, was to take a small still,
, with Dr. Hales's improvements, they need never want
frefh water, Wood ailiesmay easily be made, while there
is any wood in the flftp ; and the extraordinary exper.ee
of fuel will be triffing, tfth, contrive so that the still may
sand op the fire along with the fhip'3 boiler.
WILLIAM CHAPMAN.
LON D O ft, &MCTib& W
AGENT LEMAN wfeo came from Parffitoudl
yesterday, fays that last Sunday he p ffed through
the grand fyfat frpithead ; that he told fthy fail & &
line, besides fifty gun Ihips; be also fays, thst croft
of the frigates were font out on a few days cnfr,
some to lie off Bred harbour, to watch the motions
of the French..
It i&faid that the failing again of the fleet at Spithea^
depends entirely on the operations of the Combined fleets
of France and Spain.
October 111 General Sir Henry Clinton, we hear, is
to be exchanged for Lord Cornwait's next year, to take
the command in chief of rhe forces at New-York, and a
frefh number of Hefflans and Hanoverians are to be Vent
to America.
Exte^ of a letter from Bergen, Sept. 14.
" The Alliance, Americas privateer of 36 guns, Capt.
Landais, has sent in here two days ago, two prizes, viz.
the Betsey, Fisher, from Liverpool to New York; and
the Union, johufon, from London to Quebec, ffie
has also taken three others, wlfch fie sent f or France
—She only failed from LTLfot the fourteenth of Au
gust."
By some papers found on board one of theFrench cut.
ters that were rakea by the Jupiter man of war, some
covers have been made relative to the future intended
opennousot t: erombined Sects, which weie iinmediatelr
sent up to the A&mrrdfy for thsir iprfefflbD '
^ °^ r in ' tbe P^'t-boat with
the Dutch mail, fays they pafr&through e fo
of men of war in fell chace, nnd that he Groofed
day" """ " P ™™ ''" wa£!aft*^ef
^^V,™ . tarti ,p^ cfcm will cffiair jy
be receded by his own desire ; n is ;bought r%
Robertson will have the chief commanfin NLrtfrLie-
Yesterday in the afternoon Diffoeg
ft^^ft^y of S^% office , oßi , j O , h y^
at the H, ano it i. fy^d that they tont^
a request to the Sta, General ro ft o ,, p jj , ,
the Pirate, and bis ihrps, and to de& him up
he may be brought t# b%knty and puni&d accent
to law.
BOST O N, January 6,
We hear Capt. C%han, in company with a so, in
their p r rfHge„ from G r ,%%h, put ^ 0 Chriffo
Sands < Fortin Dennwk, where near £xty of the Fn
g)ilh fleet from the Baltic, beuwd to
so a harbour, some of these I^ |^ er cf ' u( ,
ftp when %Q& ,@,ed to the Enflhh Caoful
to have Captain Claghan aan the floy bound hire drii
vered up to them as British fubiefts in re t ellmn /wh^
application being made to the Diniffi Governor who 1,
ed . : ,onr three miles from the port, be came to town
Did ne had oram from his iuptriors tn protect all Arne
franvtf.de and immediately ordered Capt. Claghan and
the ffopp under the guns of the fort and when the Endim
fleet had failed he dismissed them. °
From RMvt NGT CN* s Rr YAL Gazette.
N E W-Y O R K, January 20.
°° t ™^ '^V? M'h infant, th6fabei
Ehzabeth-Town and Newark were completely fcrorized
and carried by different detachments of the Kimr'a
troops."
Lieut. Cob Bufkbk'c detachment, confining of about
1 2 0 men from theist and 4 t battalions of Brigadier Ge.
ner I Skinner's brigade, with 12 dragoons, under the
command of Lieut. Stuart, moved from StdenTfland
early in the night, ano got into Flizab^h Town without
being drfcover:^, be^een the hours of ten and %'eu .
meeting with frdsf.fittance, they made orifot, two
Majors, three Captains, and 47 privates, amongh whom
were five dragoon, with their norf^., ar ms and acc^t-e
---m^. ^ ofthe Rebels mere killed, but feverai
wounded by the dragoons although they aft« wards
eicap^d.
Major Lumm, of the 44th regiment, marched from
Fowledilobk about 8 at night, having under his com
mand the flank companies of that regiment, with detach
raenrs from the 42 d, Anfpach and Heffiao corps, in
rlfonin this city, and puffing the Rebel Fatroles upon t h e
banks oi the Faffaic, reached the town of Newark no
perceived by the enemy ? bcut a quarter of an hour later
than Col. Bufkirk^s arrival in Ebzateth-Town. Small
parries were iuftanily polled to #%e the principal ave
nues of the town, and Major Lumm seized possession of
the Academy, which the rebels had converted into a
barrack ; a momentary defence being attempted, 7 or 8 of
the enemy were killed ; the remainder, confiding of thir
ty-four non-cemmiflioned officers and private men, were
taken prisoners, as were likewise a Rebel Magifirate, re
markabie for his perfecting spirit, and another inhabi
tant.
The Captain who commanded in Newark made big
eferpe; the Lieutenant is said to be killed.
Thefefervices were performed without loss.
The following are the names of some of the Rebel
Officers, &c. brought to town on Thursday la ft from.
Newark : Mr. Joseph Hedden, a Magistrate, and Com
missioner for the sale of the Loyalifa ehates in Jersey•
Mr. Robert Neil, an acting Cbmmiffary
From Elizabeth - Town /Major Eccles, of the sth
Maryland regiment, Capt. B% of th* 4 th regiment/,
from Prince George County, Mr. B. Smith, son of Mr.
Feartree Smith, Major WiMiamfon and his brother.
Feb 2. LaftSunday evening a party confining of 1,
mounted Refugees wert from Staten Jfland and in the
vicinity ,of Elizabeth-Town, Yurpraed Mr. Wynentz. a
Lieut, of the rebel militia, and 8 private men of Col.
Jacque's r^itynt ; few Republicans.cn this Continent
are mote remarkable for their implacable opposition to
his Majefb, government than feme o f these prisoners ;
they were all tb& faroeevening securely lodged on States-
Inland. The further trophies ofthis futfrfeful excurfo^
are three handsome sleighs, with ten goad horses, all of
which were yeflerJay driven to New York over the ice
from Staten-l/land, an enterprize never yet attempted
since the fi^ fetdement of this country..