The Pennsylvania packet, or, The general advertiser — Lancaster, Pa.;Philadelphia, Pa., 1783-03-27 00:00:00, page 1

Monsieur the chevalier Duquefne, in virtue of the
present order, which serves him for a passport, shall
carry a flag of truce, he shall particularly cruize in
those latitudes where he presumes he may meet thegreat
eft number of French privateers, and shall endeavour
to overtake them. If the 1 events of the sea shall conduct
him to any of the French colonies, or upon the coasts
of the united states of America, he shall communicate
the present orders, to the governor of the place, and
to the armed vessels of the different nations that may
be then there, he will likewise shew the present passport
to all vessels of war belonging to bis Britannic majesty
with whom he shall speak, and give them a copy signed
by him, if they should desire it. He shall likewise pay
them every respect, which the firft moments of a re.
union demands ; the objeft of his mission, (for the good
of humanity, and as much as is in my power) being
to hasten its happy effeds.
Cadiz, the 10th February, 1783.
Signed D'ESTAING.
By Order,
MARTI n."
AND desiring to give all necessary Authen
ticity and Notoriety to these orders, We cer
tify by these Presents, that the above is a
true Copy.
We likewise certify, that M. Ie Chevalier
Duquefne has informed us, that M le Comte
d'Eitaing directed him to desire all vessels
that he should find ready to fail in the dif
ferent ports where he should have occasion
to go, to delay their departure from
said ports, until the arrival of official ac
counts of the signing the Preliminaries, the
news of which cannot fail to arrive soon on
this continent.
Given at Philadelphia, in our Hotel, this
24th of March, 1783.
Le Chevalier de la Luzerne.
JfyffAKE known to all thole whom it may
concern, that the Chevalier Duquefne,
lieutenant commanding his Majesty's cutter
the Triumph, who arrived this day at this
port, has communicated to us Orders,
in form of a Passport, which he received
from Count d'Ekaing, Vice-Admiral of
France; of which the following is a Copy.
" CHARLES HENRY COUNT D'ESTAING,
Vice-Admiral of France, Lieutenant- General of his
Mafefly's Forces, Knight of his Orders, & c .
IT is ordered, that monsieur the chevalier Duquefne,
lieutenant commanding his majesty's cutter, Tri
umph, do fail as soon as possible from the bay of Ca
diz, and inform all vessels that he may meet of the hap
py reunion of the belligerent powers. It is ordered,
in the name of his majesty, and by me, to all lh : ps
of the line, frigates, and other vessels belonging to
his maiefty, that he may meet, that they abflain from
all hofWities against the flips of war and merchant
vessels of ids Britan; majesty, but, on the contrary,
that they give them all necessary aid and fuccour, and
every teft^my of a union r eflablifhed und^r the most
happy auspices, by the preliminaries which were signed
the 20th of this m nth, of Jan. in the present year. It is
ordered also, in his majesty's name, that all vefcls
armed for war and on a cruse, do return into port.
After having given them a copy of this order, he shall
take their names, likewise the date of the day that
he shall have furnithe I it, and shall notify to them that
they shall answer personally for every deed which they
may commit contrary thereto.
PHILADELPHIA, March 25.
Yesterday morning his Most Christian Majesty's cut
ter the Triumph, commanded by the Cnevalier Du
quefne, arrived here from Cadiz, after a paffagr of
36 days. By her we have the following very agreea
ble and interesting Intelligence
WE C^far Anne de la Luzerne,
Chevalier of the Order of St. John of Je
rusalem, Marechal des Camps and Armies
of the King, Minister Plenipotentiary of
His Most Christian Majesty to the United
States of North-America, &c.
^^^^^ Ml ^^ 040®^ ft^Ct
T H U RSDA Y,
VOL. XILI
GENERAL ADVERTISER.
fr"""° "" TUESDAY , THURSDAY AND SATURDAY.—Price S IX .P £N c E .
Copy of the heads of the preliminaries of peace, signed
the 20th of January, and transmitted by express
on the 22d by the marquis de Carries.
(signed) D'E STAIN G.
Cadiz, February 11, 1783.
1 he Principal Articles of the Preliminaries
of the Peace of the 20th of January,
1783.
I^RANCE to retain Tobago and Senegal.
France to restore to Grcat-Britain Grenada,
3t. Vincents, Dominique and St. Chriflophers.
St. Eußatia, Demerara, Berbice, and Iffequibo shall
be restored to the Dutch.
Great Britain to reftdre to France, Goree, St. Lu
cia, St. Pierre, and Miquelon.
I be fifhery of France and England on the coast of
Newfoundland to remain on the fame footing on which
they were left by the treaty of 1763, except that part of
the coast from Cape Bonavifla to Cape St. John's,
which shall belong to the English.
France to be re.eftablifhed in the EaR-Indies, as well
in Bengal as on the east and weft coast of the Peninsula,
as regulated by the treaty of 1763.
Toe articles of the preceding treaties, concerning
the demolition of Dunkirk, to be foppreffed.
Spain to retain Minorca and Weft Florida.
Great Britain cedes Bast Florida to Spain.
An agreement to be entered into between Spaib and
Great Britain, ab@ut the cutting of wood in the bay
of Honduras.
Great Britain to retain the Dutch settlement of Ne
ga patam, in the Eaff.lndies.
Great Britain to reßore Trinquemale to the Dutch,
if not re-taken.
St. Eudatia, Demarara and Iffequibo, to be re
stored by the French to the united provinces.
Gieat- Britain acknowledges the sovereignty and
independence of the thirteen united slates of America.
The limits of the united slates to be as agreed upon
in the provisional articles between them and Great-
Britain, except that they shall not extend further
down the river Mississippi than the 32d degree of
north latitude, from whence a Jine is to be drawn to
the head of the river St. Mary, and along the middle
of that river to its mouth.
We hear that yesterday Congress were
pleased to direct their agent of marine to
recall all vessels, cruizing under commissi
ons from the united (fates of America
Observations on the present Date of the finances and
riches of Great-Britain, taken from the English prints,
November, 1782.
THE minifies of William the Hid, firft contrived
how to negociate the money necessary for public
services, and to pledge the revenues or public taxes for
the payment of the annual interests upon these advances.
Hence came the funds; shares or interests in which
might be bought, fold, or given in payment; an inven
tion that served to bind the monied men more ftri&ly
to the government, which was then eflablifhed in Eng
land. The croud of perlons of large capitals, Jo
were fond to invest their property in these funds, re
duced the interest of them to four per cent, whilst
the value of lands rose to 25 years purchase. Some
time after, the hire of money falling to three and an
half per cent, it became necessary to lay down 30 years
annual rent for the purchase of land. In 1768, the
price rose to 33, 34, and even 35 years purchase. The
present war, undoubtedly not iefs burthenfome than
dangerous, has brought about a very remarkable
change in this refpe&, which will certainly have a vast
influence on the ability and resources of the state, and
in a few years will make it impossible to carry on the
war. During the hostilities which preceded the peace
of Paris, interest of money fell, and the price of lands
rose.
In this war we find the contrary take place. From
the year ,695 till the year 1778, interest fell from 10
to 4; nay to ; 1-2 per cent, and in rhe mean time
lands have risen from 12 to 3; years purchase. Asthe
war with America, supported by a corrupt majority
in parliament, actually bought and hired, went against
the gr ain with the nation, the ministry durflnot aug
ment the excise on malt and beer, nor lay too heavy
burthens on the manufaaurer nor farmer; for it be
came necessary to avoid all ground of disturbance at
home. For this reason they retrained their taxes to
men servants and boufes, the latter of which, however,
fell on the occupier, and not as formerly, on the land
lord. These two taxes have no' produced as much as
they had been calculated to yield at the beginning.
Of conrfe this has greatly iocreafed the public debt;
f®r the monies ariEng from these impositions, not be-
OR, THE
THE
ng equal to the yearly interest arising upon the sums
borrowed, they were obliged to offer higher interest/
in the shape of lottery tickets and other douceurs, or
premiums, in order to procure further loans. Whilst
the rate of interest did not exceed five per cent, the
people were not dift/effed; but they soon became un
easy, and felt the n^fchief of thefr practices. Those
who had lent thetr capitals at 5 per cent, upon houses,
lands and personal fecurit,, found that there was more
to be gained by lending to governm nt. They endea
voured to call in the monies they had placed out ill
the hands of private borrowers, that they might ad
vance mem to the state. The landed men, the ma
nufacturers, and the merchants, tried to replace the
turns they flood in need of; but not being able to of
er an higher interest than the legal, viz. 5 per cent
they had no success ; for the government gave higher
interest: the land-holder was therefore forced to' fell
hisland ; the manufacturer and merchant his goods,
and the ready money went into the hands e s govern
ment : no one cared to buy boufes or goods, unless
tiiey had them at a very low r~te, so as to gain more
than by lending to the state. For this reason it came
to pass, in 1779, that lands were fold at the low price
° f 23 * 1 y ears Purchase ; and in the month of De
cember lafl a very considerable eflate was parted with
at 19 The common mode of speech so, indeed, the
minder is not emba rra ssed ; the Londoners have al
ready fubferibed for the 12 millions which are wanted,
and they will always find money enough to carry on
the war: Ido not dispute this assertion; but there is ano
ther queßion to aft —How long can we go on thus ? and
whether at length the most cf the present land-holders
will not be so greatly impoverished as to have very lit
tle left. For in order to fill the fu bfeription for 12 milli
ons, the minifiry will give the lenders 3 per cent, perma
nent interest, and tho' the parliament may at any time
pay off the capital, }et the lenders will eni°y, besides,
anannuity of four per cent for 28 years. This makes
the whole seven per cent. conhquent!y an higher rate
than the law widfuffer private men to give. Think of
the conferences which this advantagious offer must
neceffardy have! If the ministry offer the fubferibers
to these 12 millions, 3 per cent fixed interest, and 4
per cent, annuities for 28 years, these fubferibers, in.
order to furnifh the necessary sums, will u se every me
thod to draw in their money now lent to private men.
The debtors, chiefly land-holder-, not bejng able to
produce it on the firft call, will be forced to fell a part
of their real estates, as it will be scarcely possible to
borrow at five per cent, when the state offers (even
per cent. But who will be tempted to purchase lands,
when money can be disposed of at so high an interest,
unless the land to be purchased yield an equivalent re
venue? The landed man to avoid the legal fate with
which the creditors threaten him, is obliged to pare
with his eflate at private sale. He fells for a; much as
he can get. For example, he must pay a debt of lucol.
sterling.
Had he fold this feme-years sooner, when his land
would have fetched thirty years purchase, he had need
ed only to fell what brought him ;n gob per annum.
But now to raise 10001. hurling, he must part with 601.
per annum, and the new landlord buys at 16 2-3 years
purchase. Out of the lands which remain with him
who has fold, he must pay fill; heavier taxes, from
time to time, as he is obliged to pay for the house be
lives in, the fame s/indow tax as he was charged with
before the land was fold, and which helped him to pay
it. Since the war, the number of taxes is much in
creased; for example, the tax on servants. Their
weight has been increased ; such as that upon windows ;
the additions to the rates upon boufes; th it on coach
es and other carriages. The land-tax is 20 per cent,
on the p odu&. The malt whereof the beer is made,
the hops, and the beer afterwards, are excised. The
light within our dwellings pays a duty. The wine,
fpirjts, tea, coffee, lugar, fait, tobacco, starch, can
dles, soap, &c. &c. Stuff's and fa bricks of silk, cot
ton and linen, are fubje& to excise. Our deeds, wri
tings, and law proceedings also. We have a custom
of faying, that though government pay 7 per cent, on
the sums borrowed, that will be only whilst the war
lasts, and that when peace shall be made, the price of
interest will fall to five per cent, again. This may be
the case; but how is the difafrd land-holder, who
has been forced to part with his lands for half price,
to be mide whole ? His loft is irreparable. And who
will indemnify him, and all rhe people of Great-Bri
rain for the losses which in this way they fuffer for 28
years, during which time they are to pay 7 percent,
interest, by me most burthenfomettaps?x p s?
N. B. Thirty years purchase, in this essay, means,
that 30 years of the present income be paid down,
as the purchase or price of lands. It is the technical
phrase, in (peaking of the value of real estates in Britain
and Ireland.
M A R C H 27, 1783;
[NUMB. 1020.