Portland gazette, and Maine advertiser — Portland, Me., 1810-01-29 00:00:00, page 1

PORTLAA'D, PUBLISHED BY ARTHUR SHIRLEY... EISH-STRERT.
MONDAY, JANUARY 29, 1810, [Whole N-, 614.
■a-.. -... ..
Interc/2in% Trial.
YU ST f od for fa'e ow /«/< jf)
[ J at the Book-Store o*
ISAAC ADAMS,
Ihe Trial of Drvi Lynn. Jaben Aftigi, F. <■
Bj'tin. pan « Ctin, A i/tl Aleigt, A Urn Puti,
anl Nutbaniei Lynn. for the
j MURDER j
bf Paul Chadwick at Malta, fl»l» of Sept. *
]a(l_I? will he well for wry one who wiih- !
t0 preferve hi* life and proper y attain ft the
kiTaillt* of the h gPtei vf’JS* ant t>bbtr. ta give
thi* trial an attentive pe ulal. U .'ef« pnh j
V'c opi nion lhall corre t a ipirir of murder
and licemiuufnefis *hchfe‘* so defiance all i
law and reltraint in lb ue part* of thia Diftric* I
lUere will he no lecu ify for either the live* j
or property ot .he ci'izen
The above Tria1, i* for fale, alfo, hv STE j
PURN PATTEN, No. 10, Jones* Row aud
EZEKIEL GOODALE. Haiiowel1.
January 82
? Dixville Road Lottery—4th Clafs
VK7ILL commence drawing in February
’ * ndt—Thta fcheme contains the follow -
fne ca.'ito! prize*.
ONE OF 10 000 DOLLARS, one of
1,500, three of TOO, four of 500, fifty ot
100, a large number of 50 and fmaMer ones
Thofe who intend to ad venture in this cVa,
being the laft, will do well to apply loon a
tickets will rife next week/— Fickeca au«
Quarters forfale at the Book Store of
ISAAC Al) \MS,
No. 7, F:Ji Street.
A Lift of Prizes in the laft clafs of Hat
field B idge, is received—P<-i*» Ticker* taken
in payment f >r Tickets and Quarte-* in Dix
ville Road Lottery* Jau 2-2
WILLIAM M’LLLLAN, Jun.
INFORMS hi* friends and the public, that
**• he is now opening a large affortmeuc of
SEASONABLE goods,
amono which are—black, blue, bottle*
green, brown and dark mixt B-oadcloths—
black, blue, brown arsd fawn Kerfimeres—
bottle green Queenfcloth—bottle green, blue,
fawQ and crimfon Peliece cloth*—plumb and
black Pelicce Velvets—red, green, black and
white Flannels—ditto Baizes—ditto Bomba
zetts and Wildbores—Patent Cords—affort
ment of Vettings—men’s Velvet*—Fearnaut*
I and Coatings—Foreft Cloth* & narrow Plains
—Blankets—Linens—Shirting Cotton*—India
Cottons—black, white, and plumb Cambrics
—black twu!‘d do—a large aflortmeat of
Mufiine—Lottrings, Perfians, Modes and Sat
tins—cotton Shawls and Hdkfs — Camels-hair
loug Shawls—figured Turban*—brown Pla
- tillas—cotton Sewings—Silk Twitt—fewing
Silk— Ferries and Ribbons—fliort tilk Gloves
—velvet Bindings—Dimities—Calic-.es—Stuff
Goods of all colours—worfted HoGery—mo
rocco Shoes—hett of filk work'd Buttons.
Also -Knives and Forks—Bellows—Pock
et Bootes—Spectacles—Patent Lamps—Shov
e's ?*r.i Tour*— Pin* and Need'es—E'attic j
Knitting Needles—Spoon .--Thimbles—Muffs i
and Tippets, <Stc Ac—ail of which he w:i! |
fell very low, and invite* Purchafers to call ;
and fee for themielvci.
Jj». !*- (if)
— . . - - , , _ __ \
[ A'htr
HAT
AND EUR STORE,
At the lower end of Fill ttrce», adjoining
Meffrs. Q/i>uv <5* liaker't.
| JOHN MAIIAN,
OFFERS tor fi'e 1603 FUR HA FS of dif
^ ferent kinds and ijriilitie*, from 10/-J
to 7 dollars ; a large airirtment of Children's
Hvs. L'ktwni—Coarle Hat*, Ini table for the
v i’.kern market.
Mini's and Tippets,
Alarga affortmeot, confittirg of every kind
fafhio-iahle and uleful—warranted tree from
damage.
IS boxes real SPANISH SPOORS.
Oj. s,1 (t f)
New Good!, for Sii/e.
WILLIAM SMITH,
(3 ESPF.CTFCLLY inform* the Public that
he has tor iVe a- his S*ore bottom of F>jb
'Street, a few doors from MiX. * Quilt y Ba
iet't, a general aXoriment of
Wefi-India Goods and Groceries ;
among which are the following :
5^ hhia Turks Ifiand Sab—40 quintal* beft
I)and> Table Fiili—50 quintals Pollock Fifli
—Coguiac and Spanifli B-andy—Hollands
•n 1 American Gin — Weft India and New
England Rum ; Hyfon, Young Hyfon, Hyfon
Skin, Souchong and Cohei Teas, li ft qus*i y
—Wlvte and brown Huvanua Sugar—Mar
fitiicjue ditto—Coffee—Cliocolate—Ginger—
A.ipice-Pepper-Muftard and Clove® —
Prelli Cafk and Bot Raifins—20 bbls frefh
^nporfioe N**w York Flour—‘Jea-Ifiand and
Georgia Colton—Loaf and Lump Sugar—
* hhd* firft quality Retailing MolalTes—Fig,
Pigtail and Smoakit.g Tobacco—a general af
fort men t of Iron Ware—Iron and flee! Sho
veU—a few Calks tower proof P.*wder —
Brunfhan Patent Shot!—fndigo—Logwood—
Redwood aad Tulhc —Allum and Coppera*—
together wiih a LnaJI affortment of
ENGLISH GOODS :
^:.ich he offer* for fa e as cheap a* can be ob
tained .rtthi* towa o<-Bofton.
N. B Fami'iej that buy Tea* thi*
^tore, may cepead on its being tlie very tirft
tiua’>ty, it it is not they are weicome to return
i and receive their money again.
(if) JBh. If, *809.
I
QunnfttmciXtton&
2Eljc ^cnitor.No. XIX.
He tbit itJLiu t* anger ii belte* tlm the m'gbty ,
and Lt tbut fulfil bit fpirit than be tbit taltlb a
dly.
•As a being accountable for his own talents’ ,
it i« highly incumbent on man to ule every
mean of giving them a proper diredion. En
dowed. by the God of nature, with ftronjj paf
li »n«, we iltould foon bacome their intlerab'e
viiftim* if we did nor dar'y ft rice to fub lue
them. Conqueft over ex.efnal enenve-; brings •
but little glory, Compared w ith the reward
which awaits thofe who obtain the greater
victory over themfe'ves. And hence the
wife man has fatd, “ he that ruleth hi* fpirit
i» better than he that talreth a city."
Bur tho it may pleafe God to dircif} even
the wickedrefo of man to the advancement of
his own gioi y ; as it is faid, “the wath of '
man lb til praife him,and rhe remainder there
of he will reftrain tho the lelTons of ex
perience we may gain from ou” own errors,
may promote our trueft interefts m this world; !
ftill, we are not tl.ercfore to be negligent, we
are to “ watch, and pray that we enter not in
to temptation "
If we are hurried away, by every guft of
pafljon, into extravigance®, our conduil can
only he produtft ve of the worft reflexion*.
How often do failles of anger expofe us to at
tacks from the wary, the cool and designing ?
How often are our temporal in'erefts facri
ficed at the Ihrioe of wrath ? How often is ,
even tlie health of eur fouls endangered ?
1 his propenfity is in a grea’er or Irfler de
gree common to a!l ; from the froward child,
who pruts and throw* away irs toys, to the
infuriated Ipa'ms of riper years
How far anger may he juftifiable is not
now the enquiry. V-'e may be angry, if we
fin not liuc I am now fpesking of thofe ei
ceiTes of anger which preclude refleiition.
As beings “made but little lower than the
angeis ’ is it proper, is it decent to indu'gc
the excefs of pafiion ? Do we not run counter
to the benevolent defigus of G.*d, and, deferr
ing our owm caufe, enlift under the banners of
Sa an, who fights againftus?
If glory be our objedl, furelv the trueftglo
ry conGft* in ielf government. Wha: trait in
rhe cbara&er of Soipio, or Wafhmgton, is 1
more brilliant than that of felf-goveniment ?
If our happinels heie coafift in tranquility, why
fufler anger to difiurh li ? If we hsve pride,
why funTr anger to debafe the digni y of our
nature® ? Or if we love God, why permit an
hellifti excefs to difturb the harmony of his
works, and unfit us for the enjoyment of him
in his kingdom ? The goods of this world can
but little avail us. if every e^ent that erode*
our feelings is to prevent us from e joving
them. It is e'ea- that on- heft imereti- in ,hu
life lead us to Uritft government t>fourltlve- —
As to the life to come, we have autho-i'y from
feripture, where God himfclf has dee* ire I that
it lhall be well with the meek in the day when
he lhall make up hu jewels.
mm*'
FOR THE GAZETTE.
Mi Shirley,
I HAVE noticed the inGnuations of the
hireling editor of the Argus, tending to induce
a belief that certain communications publifh
td in vour paper wee the productions of
“ r >• eigne-s,” with a mixtu-eof pity and enn
lempc. When I fay hireling editor, God for
bid that l (liould be umlerftood to mean that
he i« the hireling of any foreign powr—for
i do no. think that any nation on earth (how
eva g eat their nerdTi-y) would employ fo
•nij'rub'e a fW in their fervice —but only that
ne is the hireling of a fewdifapotunted, envi- I
I ’u«, diforgar'Sers, who employ him hecanfc
i they can Gud n• > otbtr ftrf m fufficientJy defti
;u r of taleius ard principle to ' ecome th*
julTive ipftrmnent of iheir nefa mu purpofe*
When his empb'vcr?, through him fl (ay Lit
mj'l yert UrI rr for I do not deem him a j
!n*e apentl accitfe you or anv Federal ditor, 1
>f being under fo-eivn influence, or of admit
! ting into vour cohiuut* the communications of
fjre goers, they fgeak in a language that h
unintelligible. ’I he Federahft is wholly ab
forbed in the love of hi* own country, and
will admit iio-.h'iig, ei’hpr in p mcipie or
pradfice, which is inconlifteut with it* honor
and intereft. Bu' while he advocates i his love
of his own country, he deems it not inconfift
ent with the highelt degree of parriotif.n, to
eulogize that magnanimous polic-% which ad
minifters equal and impartial jufbce to all na
tions—of cnurfe He feels himleif propelled by
the irrefiftible motives of duty, to reprobae
the condutft of partial rulers; tho’ he thereby
draw from the fagacious managers of the Ar
gus a bitier and malignant cenfure.—The fadl
is, that thefe great men, in the p'en iturle of
their wifdotn, arediven to this truly defpica
ble expedient, in order to fupport thr taction
nnw in power ; and to proteeft them againft
that degrada:i< u and contempt into which
they would otherwife fail and which the) juft
ly merit. Hence, when the truth appears,
the people mull he told rha* it is a fa'thood,
and f-om the pen of a Bntijb Toryt as if eve-y
other American were as void of truth, honefty
and honor as thefe fame learned and wife
managers of the Argus. This is a veiy eafv,
though very ungenerous way, of ge'ting rid
of truth, which even their own deftitution of
principle dare not deny—of arguments, which
they cannot find ta'emsto controvert, or even
to meet honorably.—Thefe hints are intended
for thofe who a-« theatflive managers of the
Argus, with the further advice, that in future
they do not make afcrtions, without adducing
proof—The * m *al editor is informed, (left he
ftiawld ft-el ftmered) that nothing in the ano«'e
is intended for him, for !;e is too barmlefi an
animal to attraft tUe notice or call forth the
aiiiTiadrerfiou u4 HONESIUS;
I
Ojr Cajrttr.
Thursday^ January 25, 1810.
.. i
D S Garland is faid to be ele&ed Mem- ,
her of Cong'ef* for a diftrid iu Virginia, late
ly reprefented by W. C Nicholas, in oppo
fition to T M. Randolph, Mr. Jeffarfon's ton
in-law. Mr. G is au independent repuNicas !
oppofed to an unncceffary war.
“• A •
The law defines that an unlawful and ri
otous assembly, is where a number of per
sons are called for any nefarious design,
to disturb the i»eace, to pull down enclo
sures, or do an\ violence to the rights and
property of any good citizens. If the con
sciences of some of the majority in congress
do not arraign them for breaches of the
constitution and violations of the rights and
liberties of the subject j surely a court of
justice may take cognizance of them fur
breaches of the pear*. For they have not
only endeavored to take the lives of one an
other, but are striving to destroy the liber
ty of speed), to break down the < nc Insures
of the constitution, and to violate the liber
ties of those who contribute their exertions
to maintain them.
As Mr. Sawyer shows so much energy'
and is so ardent to engage with England,
we recommend to the government to in
vest him with the command of our might)
navy and send h;in to invade England, or
reduce some of her provinces. How mag.
niticeut would a broom appear erected on
the masts ot this patent admiral’s gun boat,
and entering the river T mm?*, attended
bv an escort of th«$se wonders ot the world !
i 1 is boats wo’U be as frub less as those of the
Dutch admiral, Vat) Throrap, who once at
tempted to sweep the ot every British
vessel.
Why should we go to War ?
The President has assured the British
government that his object is Peace, and
Peace only. Way should the Legislature
or tiie People interfere to preclude a new
negotiation ? Again we assert that the
People are not disposed to da go. The}
wish not tu engage in battle and in
blood, upon an> suspicions of intimations ol
implications of insinuations of intimations of
imaginary insults- As Mr. Upkam said in
Congress, the farmers do not wish to yield
up tneir hard earnings, their cattle, then
grain, the varied produce of their labour,
to support a foolish and fantastic War, a
tiout expressions ‘ imp!) ing an insinuation/'
' and expressions “ conveying an idea/* and
ail other shadows of shades of diplom&tick
i etiquette. No—Our live-, to* it the friends
I < f Peace will soon be the majority Mr.
Livermore told the war hawks so in hm
i speech, and they wul find it so. That gen
tleman threw out an tlier excellent ulea.
“ Gentlemen call us the Opposition, but
I venture to denominate them die Opposi
tion.” Indeed, they have been for several
vnrs in steady oj>position to the Peace and
Prosperity of their Country. — Ft's. Journal.
‘ 4 To your Tents, 0 Israel /”
We unfurl not the banner of Sedition.
L‘-t the governm nt he supported. But if
we must still have partii s in our country,
let us have a Peace Party as well as a War
Party. We have pitched our tent upon the
plain of peace. We have taken our stand,
and will resist the Giles ires and the jRossitcs,
the men of w rr, and the men of denuncia
ion. We will maintain the rights of Free
rur r and a Free Pre^s. In the gloomy but
tuiiiiaie i pages of Schiller we read that
tL- ic are tunes when he, who yields a
II A I ns BREAD III OF His RIGHTS, BE TRAYS
ins soul *r the vnioLEprAiE. While
w. have !>r» ath, we will support the inter
ests of Peace and Liberty. If we forget our
political Jerusalem, let our right h.at~.< for.
jet their cunning : It -ire do not remember /rr,
ct nut tongues cle ave to our mouths. We
:;now the mommy *n Congress to be honest
*iid li Miourable men—we are a’tached to
them and their cause bv all the convictions
of our reason anti all tin* emotions of our
souls—we wtil GRAPPLE l HE VI TO
OUR HEARTS WIA'H HOOKS OF
S I F.FL, and, if it please L> vine Provi
dence, we will live their political Life, or
itie tlieir political Death !—Ibid.
A Reason for War /
Should the United Sutes l»e [dunged in
to War, Iwcause Mr. Secretary Smith
chose to take otlence at the shadow of a
shade of a ghost of an ** insinuation,” it would
he nearly an rational a> the L Hi puli ant.
quarrelling with their neighbours of Blefu
h-m respecting which was the proper end
of an Egg to be broken.—Ibid.
We understand, that when the de
mocratic Collector who lately abscon
ded from New-Orlcans with 150,000
dollars of our (the people’s) money, j
was appointed by Mr. Jefferson, Mr. j
Gallatin condemned it as a very impro- ,
per appointment.
DIALOGUE
Setu ren a Fcderalifl and a Democrat.
Fed. Well Sir, do your party intend to de
clare war againft Grea' Brit&in, or provoke
her by difinilFing her minifler ar.d infulting
her government, to declare waragamflus ?
Dem. Yes, Sir ; and I wifh Great Britain
was funk in the ocean, and all her navy blown
into atoms. We’ll teach her to inftrudl C-ptn
hagen Jaeito* to tell Mr Soti.il he Ued)
rm mmmm mmmm ———wmm n mmmmt —i ■ — ■
Fed. You furely have not re id the p iblifhed
correl'pondence, fiace yuu make fo unluppor
ted *n atfertion.
I>cm l>oyou mean toinfult me, fir? Did not
Jackfon tell Mr Smith that Mr. Erikitie Jbexu
ed him bit injlrufliont, and that he (Mr. Smith)
lubftituted others as an equivalent ? Did not
Mr. Smith fay he never law them; and is
not this.telling Mr. Smith htiled.
Fed Now, fir, I perceive your miffake. Mr.
Smith admits that the etpreflions of Mr. Jack
fon to which YOU allude, node no fart (f the of
f.. e. The offence was an iofmuation convey
ed to Mr. Sit ith of a knowletg* on his par%
that Mr. Erfkine was rtfriSed to th fe very in
ftrudlions, which Mr. Smilh acknowledger be
tovu and commented upon. Nov/, this iniuh, thus
defined by Mr. Smith, I defy you or any one
of your party, to prove from the printed do
cuments.
Dem I don’t care! I bate Great Britain ; i
and I thank God I know but little about thofc
nice meanings in the correfpondence.
Fed. What, then you thank God for your
ignorawe, do you ?
Dem. fin a rjge.J Yes, Sir, I do; what
then ?
Fed why then, you have a great deal to be
thankful /cr,—-BOSTON OAZ,
Congress.id. &tmon.
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES,
Monday, January 8, iSic.
The bill reported by the committee of FOR
ETON RELATIONS, was refumed, when
Mr. Dejha was again called to the Chair.
Mr. Livermore oppofed the third feCtion of
the bill. He remarked that the article* ex
ported from the United States, cotton, tobac
co, rice, beef, pork &c were almoft all very
bulky, and would require x vaft quantity of
tonnage to export them* On the contrary,
the manufactures of Oreat Britain, Germany,
and the North of Europe, almofl all our im
port* from Europe, except wine* and bran
dies, were of a different delcription. Can it
be fup poled that foreign power*, if we ex
elude their veffels from our ports, will admit
ouf« into theirs ? If we could engrof* all im
portations.inour own veffels, the iliip holders
wou d be benefited, and they alone. But it is
idle for us to expeCt to carry on a commercial
warfare of this character to advantage,
Mr. Sawver ajfo oppofed the third feCtion,
but for different reafous, it was a weak mea
fure, fuch as would not fati»fy the people. It
tended te evaporate theJpint of the mat km in tbe/moke
<f commercial regulations. It would give a pre
tence to Great Britain to fweep our commerce
from the Ocean
Mr. Macon replied to thefe objection*. Me
* on fide red the Prefident’s Meffage at the o
peniug of the felHon, as a pacific meffage, and
he wifbed to follow it up with pacific meaf
ure*. It tvas admitted on all bands that tie Ak/i
Inter tourfe nvas totally ufeless. The adoption of
this meafure need not prevent Congrefs from
taking more energetic ones. Thi* bill differ*
in principle from the celebrated non-inter
courfe law, as it takes tiie reftriCtions off of
ourfelves, and puts them upon the powers
that injure us. Gentlemen talk of Letters of
Marque and Reprifal. The committee would
have been unfortunate indeed if they bad
bluudered upon that mealure. It was the
theme of one whole fiCion. Sometimes four
month's notice was to be given, fometimes
three But when the queftion was put upon
ifluing them “ forthwith/’ where was the en
ergy then ? Mr. M. laid he confidercd the
Prefident’s Meffage and this Bill almofl as much
alike as twoptat. We can .ftand to this meaf
ure for thirty years. Mr. Macoa faid he
was oppofed to too much energy at the prefent
time ;—he was oppofed to a Declaration of
War againft Great Britain, and was willing to
i speak it out \
Mr. Sawyer having moved that the Com
mittee rife, with a view to the poftpouement
oft lie fubjeCt,
Mr. Pickman oppofed the motion. He
was oppofed to fome parts of the biW. others
met his cordial approbation. He was in fa
vour of excluding Englifh and French armed
veffels from our ports, aud hoped they -would at•
nvjyt he occluded ribJc they saile ’ under orders <ml
decrees author iftng them to capture all our commerce.
He thought the bill ought so pafe with fome
amendments, as the rellriCtive laws are fonu
mertu«, compbca ed and interfering, that it
is almofl impcffiMe for the collector* to under
hand their duty.
m a on • r i i 1 i e e* - _
irtr i lor njiioweu uh tne nrne uue. tie
was no great admirer of this fyitem, but
thought it ought to be acted on. A>e we upon
a l«i of roiti ? The Non Intercourfe has turned
out juft as was predicted. We have given up
to Great Britain the very b'.ne of comenrion,
the Carrying Trade We are enriching fore
ign (peculators at the expence of cur own
honeft merchants. There are now ONK
HUNDRED Britiih vefleis at Amelia-1 flan d !
Mr. Sawyer was for war meafures The
treaty of Vienna leaves England not an acre
of laud upon the continent of Europe, to in
troduce her manufactures. If we newfalla
gai'f England HER DOWNFAL IS INEV
ITABLE ! unlefs llie abandons her fyitem
Mr. Sheffy delivered an animated argu
ment in favour of afting ou the bill, and in
favour of pacific meafuie*. If Gentlemen
waa: war, why uot come forward boldly, and
propefe a Declaration of War ? Mr. S ilfuf
trared the weaknefs of the, non intercourfe
Let gentlemen comult the page of hiftory.
and they will find England has prenvued
her commercial intereft by the principle of
the Navigation Law, a principle of preterance
to her own vcflels The principle of this bill
is not merely that of prtfe>am:i to our own,
bu- of txtUfm of foreign vcflels If foreign
powers countervail this regu arion. our noii
imercourle c»n theu be enforced, and cer
tainly our fituation will not he altered for
the worfe. Mr. ShefT** dec ared hurle'f de
cide y cp poled to the inv-von of Canada,
4
which Mr. Smwyer thought ilinuia .*« u * e. -
taken.
Mr BurWell was for abandoning dir whole
reftri<5lire fy^em la the present unexampled
ftateof the world, lie wa*for defe idi ig c > i
merce.but OPPOSED VO W \R WITH EI
THER ENGLAND OR FR \NCE.
--///r——
Mr. D\N\’i SPFFCH,
Oa Giles’ Refolution for approbating the con
duct of the Executive—ComtimveJ.
With thefe fentiments, I d<> not
propound for dfcufli m any quelti »n
refpe&mg the negative knowledge
of the adminillration. I do no! in
quire* whether the Executive ad
ministration of the United ''rates had
a knowledge that Mr. Erlkine had
not competent powers, or had a
knowledge that he was not inftruc
ted to accede to the provifijnai ar
rangement between him and the ad
miniflntion in April. I he queftion
is, did the adminiflration know that
Mr. Erlkine had the necelfary author
ity ? 1 he queltiun is not, what was
tne ignorance, our wnat wa« n,e
knowledge of adminill ration ? Wi$
Mr. Erikine known to have any
power for making that arrangement.
Permit me nowr, fir, to ftate what
I understand to be a letter of cre
dence. It is a letter of ftare addref
fed to the government to which a
minifter is fent, and it is expreftive
of the character and grade of d?plo
macy with which he is inverted ; if
the minifter be received, he muft be
received according to the letter of
credence and nototherwife This is
fo much the eftablifhed courfe, that
where a minifter remaining at any
government is promoted to a higher
grade of diplomacy, he prefects let
ters of recall as to the lower grade
and of credence as to the higher
grade in which he is to be received.
The authority which a minifter had
in virtue of a letter of credence is
not to make promifes for his govern
ment. He may declare fa<ft$ ; he
may prefent complaints and rerr.on
fttances ; he may exhibit his powers
of argument *, he may difeufs top
icks of great intereft, but he can
not ftipulate for any thing to be done
as obligatory on his government. For
this purpofe, the minifter muft have a
diftinft authority, l'his I underltand
to be the genera! ufage, not however
without exception haj been made
with refpeft to a nuncio or lepation
from the Pope whole letter ot cte
dence was fo framed as to include
the neceflary authority to negotiate
or conclude arrangements. This
authority was added to the necefi\ry
claufes of a letter of credence, and
the cflentialsof two dipomatick doc
uments were comprehended in one.
iiut the mere letter of credence
give9 no fuch authority. In fnpport
of thefe politions, I would refer gen
tlemen to writers on pubiick law
whom I prelume they w ill admit ro
be correct on this topick—Martens,
Vattel Wicquefort j writers of au
thority certainly as to the known dip
lomatick ufage in Europe. Others
perhaps might have beeu named, if I
had found opportunity is this place
to confult all the Writers worthy of
| attention.
It may now be proper to ftate
what I confider to be the full power,
which expreilion is almofl technical
ly appropiare in dipLomiitick lan
guage. It is a document notaddr 1T
ed to the government to which a
minifter is fent* It is in the nature
of an open letter addrelled to man
kind in general, and committing to
the minifter bearing it the neccflary
authority to negotiate and eventual y
conclude terms of agreement rejec
ting the fubjeCt: or fubje&s therein
mentioned It is a publick cornmif.
Iron expreffing the powers to be ex.
erci fed, a document or ample fofrtn, a
letter p.itci t, a publick act authenti
cated under the feal of government.
And this the minifter r-xhibifs in
manifeitation of his being fully em
powered to negotiate and Itipularc
on the part of his government. The
m11 powers are elpccially proper in
the more folcmn agreements, and in
cafes of formal treaty between, inde
pendent nations*