The Pennsylvania packet, or, The general advertiser — Lancaster, Pa.;Philadelphia, Pa., 1780-02-05 00:00:00, page 1

'^W&ll^C^^^
THE HIGHEST PRICE
IS GIVEN FOR
CLEAN LINEN RAGS,
BY
JOHN DUNLAP.
W~R-APPING PAPER
By the R BA
TO B£ SOLD BY
JOHN DUNLA P.
***** —mi ■■-——'<■»■»»'—■!■■ «t + — - -j iinarniTY jij——
AMAN who understands Sheeting and
Slitting of IRON, and is capable of managing
a SLITTING MILL, will meet with great en
couragement by applying to JAMES HAYES,
next door to the Post Office, in Markie direct, Phila
delphia. ,
TO B ELE T,
And entered upon immediately,
$ LARGE commodious POT-HOUSE in the
al city ot Philadelphia. The Kiln is uncommonly
large, and the House erected on a corner lot, one hun
dred feet d^ep on one street and fifty feet in width on
mother. For tefms enquire of the Printer.
q-'HEPRoi^^ Indiana
1 are requested to be puu&ual in meeting, agreea
ble to their adjournment, at the Indian Q^een Tavern
in Philadelphia, on the firtt Monday in February, at
Four o'clock P. M. Per order,
Jan, 5. DAVID FRANKS, President.
Philadelphia, January 25.
S T OP P E b,
By the fubferiber, on fufpirion of being ftelen,
EIGHT (h^ts, two fine handkerchiefs, fix aprons,
ten Shifts, and one table-cloth. Any perlon ap
plying to Benjamin Paschall, Efy proving proper
ty and paying charges, may have theta again.
Alio STOPPED, and may be seen at the office of
Plunket Fleeion, Efa; two silver watches, two El
ver tea-foocns, one marked with a cypher, one c'iuo
pap-spoon, part of a piece of fail-cloth and a remxnt of
ditto, about two and a half yards of black plvdt, five
yards of light home-made cloth, two pair of womens'
leather Gioes, one light broadcloth woman's cloak oth
a hood, 3 remnant of b^wn cloth, and sundry other
articles formerly advertised.
ALEXANDER CARLYLE, Ccnftable.
To he LET by said Carlyle, a TAN-YARD
compleat, in which th^rc is ^quantity of good BARK,
also a WELL HOUSE in the lame, if wanted.
The following Articles are imported for SALE by
JOHN WOODWAR D,
In Front-street, the fourth house below Walnut-(licit,
fronting the river,
IRISH LINENS aborted, chiefly fine;
PEPPER; CHINA BOWLS,
And a final! Assortment of
HARD WA R E.
TO SOLD BY
JOHN DUNL A P,
, ( Bound or unbound )
ANY QUANTITY OF
DILWORTH'S SPELLING BOOK,
Printed on fine strong paper and 1 new type.
N.B. Those who buy by the thousand &UI have a
large allowance.
Philadelphia, January 14.
BY virtue of a writ of Venditioni Exponas, to me
the fubferiber dire&ed, will be fold by public yen
dur, on Saturday the sth day of February, at Eleven
o'clock in the forenoon, at theCoffse-houfe, about it acres
of land hi Oxford township, on Frankford Creek, scout
five miles from Philadelphia, confining of about three
acres of meadow and abeur nine acres of upland, join
ing Abraham Byfb,, William Bufov, and the mill land:
Alio about ten acres of upland, being a field joining
Luc Bufbv, William Bufoy, and Abraham Busby, in
laid township: Aifo one half of an orchard near Abra
hara Buriy's house, containing ^bt^t three or four acres ;
of the two 1a ft of which eftatvs the defendant, Mary
Bulb,, has only the ufo during all the term n.h*r natu
ral life. Seized and taken in execution as the estates 0
Mary Busby, at the suit ot Ehnn-.h Busby and Sarah
Dilworth, by
JAMES CLAYPOOLE, Sheriff.
GENERAL
$ A T U RDAY,
OR
[ Published every Tuesday, Tharfday and Saturday. ]
To this we may add, that the fopport of the enormous
and expensive fabric of their ecdefriftical eftabliihment,
has been a burden on theSpanifh colonies, which has great
ly retarded the progress of population and industry. The
payment of tithes is a heavy tax on industry ; and if the
exaction of them be not regulated abd circamfcribed by
the wisdom of the civil magwrate, it becomes intolerable
and ruinous. But, infiead of apyrefiraint on the claims
of ecclesiastics, the mcenfiderate zeal of the 3,audh legis
lators admitted them into America in their full extent, and
at once imposed on their infant colonies a burden which
isin no flight degree oppressive to society even in its most
improved dates As early as the year 1501, the payment
of tyrhes in rhecolonics w,s enjoined, and the mode of it re
gulated by law, and every article of primary necessity, to
wards which the attention cf nev fettle must naturally
be turned, is fubjefted to that grevious exa&ion. Nor were
the demands of the clergy, confined to articles of simple
culture. Its more artificial and operofe productions; such
as sugar, indigo, and cochineal, were soon declared to be
tytheable ; and thus the industry of the planter was taxed
io every Aage of itri progress, from its rudef teffay to its
highest improvement. To the weight of this legal impofi
fion, the bigotry of the American Spaniards has made
many voluntary additions. From their fond delight in
the external pomp and parade of religion, and from super-.
ftitious reverence for eccltfiaftics of every denomination,
they have bellowed profufe donatives on churches and
monasteries, and have improfitably wafted a large pro
portion of that wealth, which might have nourished
and given vigour to productive labour in growing colo
nies.
From Dr. ROBERTSON'S HISTORYcf
AMERICA.
( Continued from our last. )• '
SUCH are the capital maxims to which the Spaniffi
monarchs seem te have attended in forming their new
settlements in America. But they could not plant with
the fame rapidity they had deflroyed; and, from many
concurring causes, their progress was extremely flow, in
filling up the immense void which their devastations had
occasioned. As soon as the rage f^r difeovery and adven
ture began to abate, the Span ards opened their eyes to
dangers and distresses, which at firft they did not perceive,
or had despised. The numerous hardflrps with which the
members of infant colonies have to ftrug^le, the diseases
of unwhelefome climates, fatal to the confutation of Euro
peaus; the difficulty of bringing a country, covered with
forefts, into culture; the want of hands peceffary far la
bour in force provinces, and the flow reward of indaftry
in all, unless where the accidental discovery sf mines en
riched a few fortunate adventurers, were evils univetfaHy
felt and magnified. Discouraged b, the view of these, the
spirit of migration was so much da/nped, that sixty yean
after the difeovery of the New World, the numbered Spa
niards in all its provinces is computed not to have exceed-.
ed fifteen thousand.
The mode in which property was diftr'huted in the Spa
nish colonies, and the regulations eftabldhed with refpe&
to the transmission of it, whether by defceat, or by sale,
were extremely unfavourable to population. In order to
promote a rapid incr^afe of people in any new fettlemerit,
property in land ought to be divided into (mail Clares, and
the alienation of it should be rendered extremely easy.
But therupacioufnefs of the Spanish conquerors of the New
World paid no regard to this fundamental maxim of po
licy; and, as they possessed power, which enabled them to
gratify the atmoft extravagance of their withes, many of
them feixed diftrifts and provinces of vail extent, and held
them as encomiendas. By degrees they obtained the pri
vilege of converting a part of these into Ma^rafgae, a spe
cies of fief, introduced into the Spanish fyftern of feudal
jurisprudence, which can neither be divided nor alienated.
Thus a great portion of landed property, under this rigid
form of entail, is withheld from circulation, and descends
from father to (on unimproved, and of little value either to
the proprietor or to the community. In the account which
I have given of the reduction of Peru, various examples
occur of enormous tracts of country occupied toy Come of
the conquerors. The excesses in other provinces were si
milar, for as the value of the lands which they acquired
was originally estimated according to the number of Indi
ana which lived upon them, America was in general so
thidy peopled, that only diftr& of great extent could
afford such a number of labourers, as might be employed
in the mines with any profp^d of considerable gain. The
pernicious effects of those radical errors in the difttibution
And nature of property,in the Spanish settlements, are feic
through every department of industry, and may be confi
dertd as one great cause of a progress in population so much
flower than that which has taken place in better constitu
ted colonies.
fr But so fertile and inviting are the regions of America,
which the Spaniards have occupied, that notwithflanding
all the circumstances, which have checked and retarded
population, i< has gradually increased, and filled the co
lonies of Spain with citizens of various orders, Among
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ADVERTISER
fhefe, the Spaniards, who arrive from Europe, diftm
guifhed by the name of Chapetanes, are the firft in rank
and power. From the jealous attention of the Spanish
court to secure the dependence of the colonies, e fy de
partment of confequeuce is filled by persons lent from Eu
rope ; and in order to prevent any of dubious fidelity from
being employed ) each muff bring proofo • descent
from a family of Old Chrtfiaa/p Qutaime .ay m;x
tureof Jewish or Mahometan blood, andn aif/aced by
any censure of the inquisition. In fcch pc auds, power
is deemed to be lafely lodged, and alm< .v^ry public
function, from th# viceroyalty downward is committed
to them alone. Every perlon, who by I hrth or re
sidence in America, may be fufpeaed of any attachment
or iatereft adverse le the mother-country, is the object of
gifiruft to such a degree, ar amounts nearly .to an. exciu
^qq from all offices of confidence or authority. By this
conspicuous predilection of the court, the Chaperones are
-tailed to such pre-emmeocein America, that they look
down with disdain on every other order of men.
.Tite flarader and state of the Chcoles, or defendants of
Europeans fettled in America, the fecondtb f sof fubjefb ia
the Spamflicolonies, has enabled the Chapetenes to ac
quire other advantages, hardly less ronfidmble than those
which they derive from, the partial favour of government.
Though some of the Creolten race are def ended from the
conquerors of the New World ; though others can trace
up t^ir pedigree to the nobieft families in Spain ; though
many are poftffed of ample fortunes, yet, by the enerva
ting influence cd a sultry climate, by the rigour of a iea
lous government, ana bytheir despair of attaining thatdif
naion to which mankind naturally aspire, the vigour of
their minds is so entirely broken, that a great part of them
teafle life in luxurious indulgences, mingled with an illi
beral fuperlition ftili mere debating. Languid and un
enterprizing, the operations of an active exenied commerce
would be th them so cumbersome and oppressive, that ia
almost every part of America they decline engaging in it.
The interior traffic of every colony, as well as its trade
with the neighbouring provinces, and with Spain itfclf,
are carried on chiefly by the Chapetones; who, as the
recompeoce of their industry, amass itnmenfe wealth,
while the Creches, funk in sloth, are fatisfied with the re
venues of their paternal elates.
From this fa ted competition for power and wealth,be
tween those two orders of citizens, and the various paffi
-006 excited by a rivallhip so interesting, their hatred is
violent aad implacable. Ors every occasion, symptoms of
this aversion break out, and the common appellation
which each bestows on the of er, are as contemptuous as
those which flow from the mol ldeep-rooted national an
tipathy. The court of Spain, f r m a refinement of dif
trufiful policy, cherifes those feeds ofdif ord, and foments
this mutual jealousy, which not only prevents the two
most powerful classes of iis fubjeds in the New World
from,comb ning against the parent state, but prompts^ch
with the mot? vigilant zeal, to observe the motions and
to counteraa the fcheme§ of theother.
The third dafs ot inhabitants in the Sp'gnilh colo
nies is a mixed race, the offspring cither of an European
and a negroe, or of an European and Indian, the former
called Mulattces, the latter Mrftrzos. As the court of
Spain, felicitous to incorporate its new vassals with
ns ancient fubj^s, early encouraged the Spaniards
fettled in America to marry the natives of that coun
try, fevers alliances of this kind were formed in
their infant colonies ; But it has been more owing
to licentious indulgence, than to compliance with
this injuvaka of their foverem ns, that this mixed breed
has multiplied so greatly, as to cobflitute a confidera
bl# p-rt of ,he population in all the Spaolfh fetd-aifo^
The several flages ot deftent in this race, and the gradual
variations of flrule until the African black, or the Copper
colour of America, brighten into an European complexion,
are accurately marked by the Spaniards, and each drflin
guilh d.by a peculiar name. Those of the firft generation
are now considered and treated as Indians and Negroes;
but in the third descent, dje char&riflie hue ofthe ft rmer
disappears; and in the fifth, Qe deeper tint of the latter
is so entirely effaced, teat they can no longe,-fee distin
guished from Europeans, and are entitled to all their pri
vileges It is chiefly by this mixed race, whole frame is
remarkably robust and hardy, that the mechanic arts
arecarried on, and other active foußicas in feciety yr^
difehar^ed, which the two higher classes of citizens, from
pride, or from indolence, .difdaik to cxercife.
The negroes held the fourth rank among the inhabitants
of the Spanish col nirs. The intr ^duaion of that unrfy,
part of the human species into America, together with their
services and fufferings there, ' shall be fully explained in
another place ; here they are mem ioned chiefly , in order to
point out a peculiarity in their filiation uhd'tr trt Spanish
dominion, In several of their fcttkmtnts, particularly
io New Spain, negroes are chiefly employed in domestic
service. They form a principal part in the train of lux
ury, and are cheriihed and caressed by their superiors, to
whose vanity and pleasures they are ecr diy fubfervirm
Their dress and appearance is i^ardy .efs fyleodid than
that of thrir masters, wQofe mariners they imitate, and
FEBRUARY 5, ifo.
THE