Digital Microscopy Augmented by Artificial Intelligence to Interpret Bone Marrow Samples for Hematological Diseases

Authors:
raw_author_name: David Bermejo-Peláez
raw_affiliation_string: Spotlab , P.º de Juan XXIII, 36B, Madrid 28040 , Spain
raw_author_name: Sandra Rueda Charro
raw_affiliation_string: Spotlab , P.º de Juan XXIII, 36B, Madrid 28040 , Spain
raw_author_name: María García Roa
raw_affiliation_string: Department of Hematology, Hospital Universitario Fundación Alcorcón , C. Budapest, 1, Alcorcón 28922, Madrid , Spain
raw_author_name: Roberto Trelles-Martínez
raw_affiliation_string: Department of Hematology, Hospital Universitario Fundación Alcorcón , C. Budapest, 1, Alcorcón 28922, Madrid , Spain
raw_author_name: Alejandro Bobes-Fernández
raw_affiliation_string: Department of Hematology, Hospital Universitario Fundación Alcorcón , C. Budapest, 1, Alcorcón 28922, Madrid , Spain
raw_author_name: Marta Hidalgo Soto
raw_affiliation_string: Vall Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO) , Carrer de Natzaret, 115-117, Horta-Guinardó, Barcelona 08035 , Spain
raw_author_name: Roberto García-Vicente
raw_affiliation_string: Department of Translational Hematology, Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12) , Av. de Córdoba, s/n, Madrid 28041 , Spain; Hematological Malignancies Clinical Research Unit H120-CNIO, CIBERONC , C. de Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, Madrid 28029 , Spain
raw_author_name: María Luz Morales
raw_affiliation_string: Department of Translational Hematology, Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12) , Av. de Córdoba, s/n, Madrid 28041 , Spain; Hematological Malignancies Clinical Research Unit H120-CNIO, CIBERONC , C. de Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, Madrid 28029 , Spain
raw_author_name: Alejandra Ortiz-Ruiz
raw_affiliation_string: Department of Translational Hematology, Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12) , Av. de Córdoba, s/n, Madrid 28041 , Spain; Hematological Malignancies Clinical Research Unit H120-CNIO, CIBERONC , C. de Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, Madrid 28029 , Spain
raw_author_name: Elisa Álamo
raw_affiliation_string: Spotlab , P.º de Juan XXIII, 36B, Madrid 28040 , Spain
raw_author_name: Lin Lin
raw_affiliation_string: Biomedical Image Technologies Laboratory, ETSI Telecomunicación, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid , Av. Complutense, 30, Madrid 28040 , Spain; Spotlab , P.º de Juan XXIII, 36B, Madrid 28040 , Spain
raw_author_name: Elena Dacal
raw_affiliation_string: Spotlab , P.º de Juan XXIII, 36B, Madrid 28040 , Spain
raw_author_name: Daniel Cuadrado
raw_affiliation_string: Spotlab , P.º de Juan XXIII, 36B, Madrid 28040 , Spain
raw_author_name: María Postigo
raw_affiliation_string: Spotlab , P.º de Juan XXIII, 36B, Madrid 28040 , Spain
raw_author_name: Alexander Vladimirov
raw_affiliation_string: Spotlab , P.º de Juan XXIII, 36B, Madrid 28040 , Spain
raw_author_name: Jaime Garcia-Villena
raw_affiliation_string: Spotlab , P.º de Juan XXIII, 36B, Madrid 28040 , Spain
raw_author_name: Andrés Santos
raw_affiliation_string: Biomedical Image Technologies Laboratory, ETSI Telecomunicación, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid , Av. Complutense, 30, Madrid 28040 , Spain; CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III , C. de Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, Madrid 28029 , Spain
raw_author_name: María Jesús Ledesma-Carbayo
raw_affiliation_string: Biomedical Image Technologies Laboratory, ETSI Telecomunicación, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid , Av. Complutense, 30, Madrid 28040 , Spain; CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III , C. de Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, Madrid 28029 , Spain
raw_author_name: Rosa Ayala
raw_affiliation_string: Department of Hematology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre , Av. de Córdoba, s/n, Madrid 28041 , Spain; Department of Translational Hematology, Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12) , Av. de Córdoba, s/n, Madrid 28041 , Spain; Hematological Malignancies Clinical Research Unit H120-CNIO, CIBERONC , C. de Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, Madrid 28029 , Spain
raw_author_name: Joaquín Martínez-López
raw_affiliation_string: Department of Hematology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre , Av. de Córdoba, s/n, Madrid 28041 , Spain; Department of Translational Hematology, Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12) , Av. de Córdoba, s/n, Madrid 28041 , Spain; Hematological Malignancies Clinical Research Unit H120-CNIO, CIBERONC , C. de Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, Madrid 28029 , Spain
raw_author_name: María Linares
raw_affiliation_string: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pharmacy School, Universidad Complutense de Madrid , Pl. de Ramón y Cajal, s/n, Madrid 28040 , Spain; Department of Translational Hematology, Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12) , Av. de Córdoba, s/n, Madrid 28041 , Spain; Hematological Malignancies Clinical Research Unit H120-CNIO, CIBERONC , C. de Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, Madrid 28029 , Spain
raw_author_name: Miguel Luengo-Oroz
raw_affiliation_string: Spotlab , P.º de Juan XXIII, 36B, Madrid 28040 , Spain

Abstract: Analysis of bone marrow aspirates (BMAs) is an essential step in the diagnosis of hematological disorders. This analysis is usually performed based on a visual examination of samples under a conventional optical microscope, which involves a labor-intensive process, limited by clinical experience and subject to high observer variability. In this work, we present a comprehensive digital microscopy system that enables BMA analysis for cell type counting and differentiation in an efficient and objective manner. This system not only provides an accessible and simple method to digitize, store, and analyze BMA samples remotely but is also supported by an Artificial Intelligence (AI) pipeline that accelerates the differential cell counting process and reduces interobserver variability. It has been designed to integrate AI algorithms with the daily clinical routine and can be used in any regular hospital workflow.