Entanglement and Replica Symmetry Breaking in a Driven-Dissipative Quantum Spin Glass

Authors:
raw_author_name: Brendan P. Marsh
raw_affiliation_string: Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA; E. L. Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
raw_author_name: Ronen M. Kroeze
raw_affiliation_string: Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA; E. L. Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
raw_author_name: Surya Ganguli
raw_affiliation_string: Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
raw_author_name: Sarang Gopalakrishnan
raw_affiliation_string: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
raw_author_name: Jonathan Keeling
raw_affiliation_string: SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews KY16 9SS, United Kingdom
raw_author_name: Benjamin L. Lev
raw_affiliation_string: Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA; Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA; E. L. Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA

Abstract: We describe simulations of the quantum dynamics of a confocal cavity QED system that realizes an intrinsically driven-dissipative spin glass. A close connection between open quantum dynamics and replica symmetry breaking is established, in which individual quantum trajectories are the replicas. We observe that entanglement plays an important role in the emergence of replica symmetry breaking in a fully connected, frustrated spin network of up to 15 spin-1/2 particles. Quantum trajectories of entangled spins reach steady-state spin configurations of lower energy than that of semiclassical trajectories. Cavity emission allows monitoring of the continuous stochastic evolution of spin configurations, while backaction from this projects entangled states into states of broken Ising and replica symmetry. The emergence of spin glass order manifests itself through the simultaneous absence of magnetization and the presence of nontrivial spin overlap density distributions among replicas. Moreover, these overlaps reveal incipient ultrametric order, in line with the Parisi replica symmetry breaking solution for the Sherrington-Kirkpatrick model. A nonthermal Parisi order parameter distribution, however, highlights the driven-dissipative nature of this quantum optical spin glass. This practicable system could serve as a test bed for exploring how quantum effects enrich the physics of spin glasses.4 MoreReceived 21 July 2023Revised 19 November 2023Accepted 10 January 2024DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevX.14.011026Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article’s title, journal citation, and DOI.Published by the American Physical SocietyPhysics Subject Headings (PhySH)Research AreasAtoms, ions, & molecules in cavitiesCavity quantum electrodynamicsDissipative dynamicsPhysical SystemsSpin glassesTechniquesCavity resonatorsAtomic, Molecular & OpticalQuantum Information, Science & TechnologyStatistical Physics & ThermodynamicsCondensed Matter, Materials & Applied Physics