Reviewerly/exHarmony huggingface dataset:
Penerapan Algoritma Dijkstra dan Algoritma Bellman-Ford untuk Menentukan Rute Terpendek

Siak Sri Indrapura is a regency located in Riau Province. Siak Regency is expected to become a tourist destination capable of attracting visits from both domestic and foreign tourists. For travelers who are visiting Siak Palace For those experiencing it for the initial time, of course they will have difficulty determining the direction of the road, so tourists use alternative technology such as Google Maps to determine their direction of travel. In Google Maps there are various travel routes, to save time tourists will defi-nitely choose the shortest travel route. To determine the shortest route, of course, re-quires calculations to avoid mistakes. In this research, the shortest route from Pek-anbaru to Siak Palace was carried out using The algorithms of Dijkstra and Bellman-Ford. This algorithm was chosen because it can help calculate the shortest route that tourists can take. It was found that in the last iteration The Dijkstra algorithm and the Bellman-Ford algorithm, both of which travel route from Pekanbaru to Siak Palace was 125.1 km with a node route (Jalan Raya Pekan – Jalan SM Amin – Jalan Raya Panjang Okura – Jalan Perawang Siak – Jalan Buatan – Siak).
A Study of Factors Influencing Successful Entry into the Labor Market for College Graduates

Objectives The purpose of this study is to analyze the factors influencing the employment outcomes that indicate successful entry into the labor market for college graduates. By doing so, the study aims to derive policy implications for future higher education.&#x0D; Methods To achieve this, data from the 5th to 12th surveys of the Korean Education Longitudinal Study 2005 (KELS 2005) were utilized, tracing the experiences of students from the 1st year of middle school in 2005 until 6 years after university graduation. The Korean Education Longitudinal Study investigates intellectual and moral growth, development, and educational experiences of students from middle school entry through high school graduation, tracking them up to the age of 28, including their initial career acquisition processes, graduate school enrollment, and more. The dependent variable in this study is the employment status of participants collected in the 12th survey. Logistic regression analysis was applied to identify the independent variables influencing this dependent variable.&#x0D; Results The analysis revealed that, except for gender, personal characteristics of students had no significant impact on employment prospects. Factors such as passion for education, academic achievement in the middle school stage, type of university attended, metropolitan area university enrollment, major GPA, and collaborative skills were identified as positively influencing the likelihood of employment.&#x0D; Conclusions The findings of this study highlight that the desire for education and academic achievement during the middle school stage, as well as the type of university attended, metropolitan area university enrollment, major GPA, and collaborative skills during the higher education stage, contribute to the increased likelihood of successful entry into the labor market for the young population who have completed higher education.&#x0D;
A Study on the Faculty Perceptions of the ChatGPT Use in Higher Education: The Case of K University

Objectives The purpose of this study is to present the direction of ChatGPT introduction and teaching and learning plans of universities by analyzing how ChatGPT perception and use behavior differ according to the characteristics of the faculty group in general situations and teaching and learning.&#x0D; Methods For this purpose, 341 faculty at K University were analyzed for their general perception of ChatGPT and perception of educational use according to their major field, digital literacy competency, and experience.&#x0D; Results First, in general, faculty' experience in using ChatGPT is high, and they use it for daily purposes such as searching for information and curiosity, and less for teaching. The reason why chat was not used was because they did not know how to use it and did not feel the need for it. Second, in terms of teaching and learning applications, the translation and summarization function was viewed most positively, and the spread of disinformation was viewed most negatively. ChatGPT utilization capabilities were high in the order of media exploration, research utilization, instructional design, and instructional application. Third, in the field of university support, ethics education for AI use and ChatGPT case sharing were the most important.&#x0D; Conclusions In order to raise faculty' perception of ChatGPT and spread the right culture, it is necessary to establish an ethical foundation at the university, support digital education, and develop and present new technology convergence classes.&#x0D;
Analyzing GDP Growth Drivers in Saudi Arabia: Investment or Consumption: An Evidence-Based ARDL Bound Test Approach

This study delves into the intricate interplay of economic growth components, specifically focusing on Consumption and investment in Saudi Arabia from 2000 to 2022. Employing vector error correction models and cointegration techniques, we analyze the short- and long-term dynamics within the relationship of Consumption, investment, and economic growth. Granger causality analysis is also used to discern these pivotal variables' causal connections. Our empirical analysis reveals a persistent long-term cointegration relationship among the variables, underscoring the enduring nature of their interdependency. Furthermore, our findings highlight Consumption and investment's statistically significant positive impact on economic growth. Notably, the short-term analysis unveils a stable model characterized by an annual adjustment to equilibrium of 100%.Moreover, the Granger causality study demonstrates unidirectional causal linkages between Consumption, investment, and economic growth. These findings hold substantial implications for policy formulation in Saudi Arabia. Policymakers must grasp the ramifications of burgeoning prosperity and evolving private consumption patterns on future environmental outcomes. Achieving sustainable long-term results necessitates equal emphasis on bolstering private Consumption and fostering other facets of economic growth.
Early childhood development after COVID-19 through Kindergarten teachers' perceptions in Gangwon State

Objectives This study investigated the status of early childhood development after COVID-19 based on teacher perception.&#x0D; Methods To this end, 173 public and private Gindergarten teachers located in G-do were surveyed, and the collected data were analyzed through frequency analysis, multiple response analysis, independent sample T-test, variance analysis, and mean difference test using SPSS 21.0.&#x0D; Results 81% of public and private Kindergarten teachers working in G Province recognized that COVID-19 had a significant impact on early childhood development, and the main factors affecting early childhood development were “wearing masks” and “social distancing.” Specifically, mask-wearing has caused direct difficulties in communication, social distancing, non-face-to-face distance learning, and the reduction in the number of Kindergarten attendance days. As a result, among the five Kindergarten curriculum areas, the areas that were most affected can be seen as the ‘communication domain’ and the ‘social relations domain’.&#x0D; Conclusions The measures to support early childhood development suggested by this study include the operation of various programs in each area, strengthening early childhood-connected integrated education, and administrative support in terms of personnel, budget, and structure. In addition, it was suggested that longitudinal studies for preemptive and preventive policy support, community cultural studies to strengthen communication and cooperation among early childhood education officials, and basic research to secure policy independence of early childhood education institutions need to be activated.&#x0D;
A Study on Reading Activities for Genre Identification in French Online Newspaper Articles by Korean University Learners Majoring in French: Focusing on Discourse Competence

Objectives This study aimed to investigate the communicative competence and reading strategies employed by Korean university learners majoring in French in actual reading activities, with the overarching goal of enhancing communicative competence through reading education.&#x0D; Methods To achieve this, the study focused on reading activities related to genre identification in French online newspaper articles. Ten Korean university students majoring in French and six native speakers participated in the reading experiment. The study utilized an eye-tracker and specifically analyzed fixation times (gaze duration, re-reading, and total reading time) required when reading words of the section and words indicating publication dates, based on information obtained from interviews.&#x0D; Results Participants, driven by the reading goal of genre identification, selectively identified and integrated spatially dispersed words and phrases in the text, understanding the genre through their different interactions. Fixation times required to read words of the section and words indicating publication dates revealed differences between native speakers and Korean participants. In the case of native readers, who were considered experienced readers, fixation times were longer for words of the section, regardless of syllabic length, referential competence, or reading path. On the other hand, for Korean participants who were considered inexperienced readers in French reading, fixation times were influenced by syllabic length, comprehension, and reading path.&#x0D; Conclusions The study highlighted that participants utilized communicative competence and selection strategies in reading activities aimed at genre identification. However, differences in reading aspects between the two groups indicated a particular deficiency in discourse competence among Korean participants in terms of communicative competence. In response, a pedagogical strategy that combines the teaching method ‘global approach to written texts' and Findlay and Walker's theory, an eye movement control model, was proposed. The research confirmed that understanding reading activity aspects is a meaningful approach to examining the (foreign language) communicative competence used by learners. It also emphasized the need for active reading that goes beyond relying solely on text, considering the characteristics of (non)linguistic elements provided by the text.&#x0D;
Elementary school teachers’ perception of digital literacy education: Based on analysis of digital literacy teaching and learning materials shared on ‘Indischool’

Objectives This study focuses on examining the perception of digital literacy education by analyzing teaching and learning materials related to digital literacy education produced and shared by elementary school teachers.&#x0D; Methods To this end, we analyzed teaching and learning materials related to digital literacy shared through ‘Indie School’, a representative communication platform for elementary school teachers, and through this, we investigated when, what content, and why they are providing digital literacy education.&#x0D; Results First, teachers were mainly conducting digital literacy education using creative experiential activity time for upper grades, and the amount of teaching and learning materials showed a rapid increase starting in 2020. This can be said to show that teachers' interest in digital literacy education has increased rapidly since COVID-19, and that they recognize that upper grades are appropriate targets for digital literacy education. Second, it was confirmed that the learning content covered in the teaching and learning materials was concentrated on some content elements of digital literacy, and that some materials were not well differentiated from content elements of related concepts such as news literacy, media literacy, and digital citizenship. This suggests that teachers need a more specialized understanding of digital literacy concepts and characteristics. Third, teachers' digital literacy education objectives were broadly categorized into supporting digital literacy learning activities presented in textbooks, learners' low digital literacy levels, and preventing and resolving problems that appear in digital spaces.&#x0D; Conclusions Based on these results, this study focused on the need for teachers to have a more professional understanding of the concept of digital literacy, the need for support in various aspects to develop teaching and learning materials related to digital literacy, the need for development and distribution of teaching and learning materials for evaluation purposes and the need for research into appropriate teaching and learning methods.&#x0D;
Chinese primary art education and traditional art culture: focusing on the content analysis of art textbooks

In order to explore the teaching content of traditional art and culture in Chinese elementary art education, this research investigated the contents of 12 elementary school 『Fine Art』 textbooks from “People's Education Publishing House(人民敎育出版社).” The educational objectives of traditional art and culture presented in the art curriculum were aimed at promoting Chinese ethnic pride based on the love of excellent ethnic cultural heritage. Based on this, the results of the analysis of the art textbooks are as follows. Firstly, the total number of learning units in the 12 art textbooks is 230 units, and the total number of illustrations presented is 520. Among them, the number of artworks related to Chinese culture is 401, that is 77.1% of the total. And in terms of chronological classification, a significant number of 120 artworks was related to traditional Chinese art and culture before modern times, that is 29.7% of total. Secondly, as for the works related to traditional art and culture, 57.5% of the 120 works was included in the ‘appreciation and criticism’ learning area. Thirdly, the artistic fields to which the works belong to were quite diverse, starting with hieroglyphics, and including ceramics, sculpture, bronze, painting, crafts, architecture, gumbo, theatre, stamps, maps, and musical instruments. Fourthly, the main educational content through the works of each period is as follows: in the case of the Neolithic and Advanced Periods, the background and transformation process of the emergence of ceramic and bronze arts and the sculptural features and values of individual works were mentioned; Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor in the case of the Qin(秦) Dynasty, the paintings and Buddha sculptures of the Donhuangseokgul in the Tang(唐) Dynasty, the ink-colored portraits of the Song(宋) Dynasty, the architectural arts of the 'Peking Palace' in the Ming(明) Dynasty, and the works related to ceramics and ink and light-colored painting in the Qing(淸) Dynasty, the meaning and value in terms of art history and sculpture were covered. Especially in the works of the Ming Dynasty, we can see that aesthetic issues were also mentioned.
Effects of English revision activities using machine translators

Objectives In order to explore the effective use of machine translator in the English writing class, this study explores the effectiveness of using machine translators by comparing the writing results of peer-editing activities and self-editing activities using translators and examining the responses of learners who participated in these activiti Methods 19 students in a university in Seoul wrote a short passage in English, received peer feedback, and revised the writing. The same first draft was revised using a machine translator, Papago. The two types of revised texts by 16 students were evaluated with Grammarly, an automatic English writing evaluation system. Two mean scores were compared to find out a significant different by conducting t-test. Additionally, t-test was conducted on the mean scores of sentence length and lexical density of the two texts obtained through the language profile site. Finally, the survey was conducted to determine students' satisfaction and attitude towards revision activities using the translato Conclusions Machine translator assisted revision should be integrated with peer revision or teacher support to supplement the limit of only using translator to revise a text. Instead of pushing the translator out of the realm of English education, we should actively seek ways to utilize the translator in the English education process and consider what functions of the translator should be incorporated into the entire teaching and learning process. The study was conducted to the limited numbers of participants and provices without considering participants’ English language skill. For future study this study should be expanded to include more numbers of students and to considers students’ language lev
A Study on Teaching Methods for High School Music Criticism: Focused on Criticism of Musical Works

Objectives The purpose of this paper is to provide teaching methods for guiding music criticism in Music Appreciation and Criticism, one of the High School Music Career-related Subjects.&#x0D; Methods The authors have reconstructed Stolnitz's art criticism and presented three musical criticisms, contextual criticism, intrinsic criticism, and impressionist criticism; we have applied Feldman's four critical stages, description, analysis, interpretation, and evaluation to the three types of musical criticism. We have also presented a model of what should be included in each stage so that students can actually write criticism of musical works.&#x0D; Results In the first stage, explanation, students can obtain some information on the composer's biography and background of the work from textbooks and introductory books, and describe musical surface such as tonality, beat, rhythm, etc. When guiding students on the second stage, analysis, let them identify the components of the music and the characteristics of the piece. In the next stage, interpretation, students are asked to find musical meaning based on the analysis, describe the work in a social or historical context, or contextually reveal their subjective feelings about the work. In the final stage, evaluation, the teacher makes students judge the meaning and value of the piece.&#x0D; Conclusions This study is significant in that it systematizes and presents a framework for writing in high school music criticism classes. Through this study, we hope that discussions on music criticism will be actively conducted and contribute to school music education.&#x0D;
Effects of STEAM-based cooking activities on children’s social skills and scientific problem-solving skills

Objectives This study aimed to reveal the effects of STEAM-based cooking activities on young children's social skills and scientific problem-solving skills.&#x0D; Methods This study conducted STEAM-based cooking activities developed for this study through single-group experimental treatment and pre- and post-tests on 20 5-year-old children attending M early childhood education institution located in G Metropolitan City on April 10, 2023. It was conducted a total of 21 times, approximately 40 minutes each time, 3 times a week for a total of 9 weeks from January 1st to June 9, 2023. In order to examine the effectiveness of the developed STEAM-based cooking activity, data were collected on the social abilities and scientific problem-solving skills of participating children through pre- and post-tests before and after participating in the STEAM-based cooking activity. The collected data were compared to the paired sample t- Verification was conducted and the effect was analyzed.&#x0D; Results First, STEAM-based cooking activities showed statistically significant differences in the pre- and post-scores of children's overall social skills and sub-elements. Second, STEAM-based cooking activities showed statistically significant differences in pre- and post-scores of children's scientific problem-solving skills.&#x0D; Conclusions The significance of the study is that it predicts the development direction, application, and effectiveness of STEAM educational activities for young children and can be used as basic data for the development of various educational activities.&#x0D;
C-PBL Driven Architectural Design Education - Creating Social Values through Self-Directed Learning -

Solving multidisciplinary problems is one of the core capabilities required in the Fourth Industrial Revolution. Contemporary society also requires such talent with skills. For this reason, many fields of education have tried applying Problem-Based Learning. However, architectural design education still remains in the traditional approach, which focuses on the physical environment itself rather than design problems that may arise due to other factors such as social changes, technological developments, and climate issues. This paper discusses the potential of the Industry-Coupled Problem-Based Learning (IC-PBL) developed by Hanyang University, South Korea, particularly from an architectural design education perspective. For this, the paper first introduces the architectural design class adapting the IC-PBL program in terms of class development and problem identification. It then evaluates the performance of the class according to the project outcomes, focusing on self-directed learning skills and social values. From the class assessment, this paper identifies the potential benefits of architectural design education applied to the IC-PBL, focusing on students' perspectives engaging with social issues. Consequently, this study provides insights into considerations for future curricula for architectural design education to ensure that students meet the requirement of modern society: problem-solving skills. These insights will be beneficial to both learners and educators in the architectural design education area.
A Case Study for Teaching Children's Theatre Appreciation

Objectives The purpose of this study is to examine some cases of Teaching Children's Theatre Appreciation designed in consideration of objects and before/after performances in order to enrich the experience of watching a children's theater.&#x0D; Methods To this end, prior research related to performance appreciation was reviewed, and the appreciation education program actually designed and applied by the Korean children's theater company was investigated and analyzed. The cases of the theater company ‘Olive and Jin Kong’, the theater company ‘Dandelion’, the theater company ‘Story Bucket’, and the theater company ‘Good Neighbors’ were targeted, and the research was designed and analyzed from March to December 2023 to write a paper.&#x0D; Results According to a survey of cases of designing performance viewing methods, the children's theater company was developing various programs that children can do before, during, and after the performance when designing appreciation activities to construct subjective meanings and aim for objective evaluation. The types of methods of appreciation before the performance included the art play workbook of the performance of the theater company “Olive and Jin Kong”, “Me, the Monster, and the Bag”. The types of methods of appreciation during the performance included Good Neighbors' puppet show to prevent sexual violence, and a character in the puppet show appeared in the middle of the performance to communicate with the audience. As for the type of appreciation method after the performance, the creative theater company “Story Bucket” distributed subdivided activity sheets based on the audience's age and guided children to do various activities after the performance, or the notable case was that children selected from among physical activities, art activities, and discussion activities after watching the performance at the theater company “Dandelion”.&#x0D; Conclusions Based on various programs developed by these cases, Children's theater companies should discuss and develop more ways to watch performances in the future to enrich the way to watch children's plays.&#x0D;