Reviewerly/exHarmony huggingface dataset:
CoDC: Accurate Learning with Noisy Labels via Disagreement and Consistency

Inspired by the biological nervous system, deep neural networks (DNNs) are able to achieve remarkable performance in various tasks. However, they struggle to handle label noise, which can poison the memorization effects of DNNs. Co-teaching-based methods are popular in learning with noisy labels. These methods cross-train two DNNs based on the small-loss criterion and employ a strategy using either "disagreement" or "consistency" to obtain the divergence of the two networks. However, these methods are sample-inefficient for generalization in noisy scenarios. In this paper, we propose CoDC, a novel Co-teaching-basedmethod for accurate learning with label noise via both Disagreement and Consistency strategies. Specifically, CoDC maintains disagreement at the feature level and consistency at the prediction level using a balanced loss function. Additionally, a weighted cross-entropy loss is proposed based on information derived from the historical training process. Moreover, the valuable knowledge involved in "large-loss" samples is further developed and utilized by assigning pseudo-labels. Comprehensive experiments were conducted on both synthetic and real-world noise and under various noise types. CoDC achieved 72.81% accuracy on the Clothing1M dataset and 76.96% (Top1) accuracy on the WebVision1.0 dataset. These superior results demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of learning with noisy labels.
RII-GAN: Multi-scaled Aligning-Based Reversed Image Interaction Network for Text-to-Image Synthesis

Abstract The text-to-image (T2I) model based on a single-stage generative adversarial network (GAN) has significantly succeeded in recent years. However, the generation model based on GAN has two disadvantages: the generator does not introduce any image feature manifold structure, which makes it challenging to align the image and text features. Another is the image’s diversity; the text’s abstraction will prevent the model from learning the actual image distribution. This paper proposes a reversed image interaction generative adversarial network (RII-GAN), which consists of four components: text encoder, reversed image interaction network (RIIN), adaptive affine-based generator, and dual-channel feature alignment discriminator (DFAD). RIIN indirectly introduces the actual image distribution into the generation network, thus overcoming the problem that the network lacks the learning of the actual image feature manifold structure and generating the distribution of text-matching images. Each adaptive affine block (AAB) in the proposed affine-based generator can adaptively enhance text information, establishing an updated relation between original independent fusion blocks and the image feature. Moreover, this study designs a DFAD to capture important feature information of images and text in two channels. Such a dual-channel backbone improves semantic consistency by utilizing a particular synchronized bi-modal information extraction structure. We have performed experiments on publicly available datasets to prove the effectiveness of our model.
Computer intelligent simulation based on wireless sensor networks application in big data financial management

The advent of big data has revolutionized financial management by providing a more comprehensive and accurate data analysis platform. This transformation necessitates innovation and reform in traditional financial management practices to effectively address the challenges posed by big data. In this study, a simulation model is proposed that combines high-resolution imaging algorithms and computer technology to analyze the intricacies of big data financial management. By collecting and processing vast amounts of financial data, the simulation model employs high-resolution imaging algorithms for data analysis and pattern recognition. This enables the refinement and control of financial management through precise analysis and prediction. The results demonstrate that the simulation model, based on high-resolution imaging algorithms, yields more accurate financial data analysis and prediction, empowering companies to make well-informed decisions. The utilization of this method significantly enhances the efficiency and accuracy of financial management, reducing manual errors and decision deviations. Compared to traditional financial management methods, this approach promotes the refinement and control of financial management, thereby propelling the development of modern company management.
Visual search patterns during exploration of naturalistic scenes are driven by saliency cues in individuals with cerebral visual impairment

Abstract We investigated the relative influence of image salience and image semantics during the visual search of naturalistic scenes, comparing performance in individuals with cerebral visual impairment (CVI) and controls with neurotypical development. Participants searched for a prompted target presented as either an image or text cue. Success rate and reaction time were collected, and gaze behavior was recorded with an eye tracker. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis compared the distribution of individual gaze landings based on predictions of image salience (using Graph-Based Visual Saliency) and image semantics (using Global Vectors for Word Representations combined with Linguistic Analysis of Semantic Salience) models. CVI participants were less likely and were slower in finding the target. Their visual search behavior was also associated with a larger visual search area and greater number of fixations. ROC scores were also lower in CVI compared to controls for both model predictions. Furthermore, search strategies in the CVI group were not affected by cue type, although search times and accuracy showed a significant correlation with verbal IQ scores for text-cued searches. These results suggest that visual search patterns in CVI are driven mainly by image salience and provide further characterization of higher-order processing deficits observed in this population.
Online neuro-fuzzy model learning of dynamic systems with measurement noise

Abstract Model identification of nonlinear time varying dynamic systems is challenging because the system behaviours may vary significantly in different operational conditions. If the changes are insufficiently captured by training data, the trained model is unable to capture the system response well when the operational condition changes. The model performance may also be deteriorated in real-time implementation due to the noise in sensors or the environment. This paper presents a self-adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy (NF) modelling framework to address these challenges. The NF model, trained offline based on experimental data, combines the Auto-Regressive with eXogenous (ARX) models and Gaussian activation functions to capture the nonlinear system behaviours. During online implementation, the ARX model parameters are updated using new data through a recursive generalised least squares method, which embeds a noise model to eliminate effects of the noise. The online updating algorithm has a provable convergence guarantee and enables the proposed NF model to adapt to changes in system behaviours automatically. Efficacy of the algorithm is verified through two numerical examples and an experiment on a commercial automotive engine.
Zk-SNARKs-Based Anonymous Payment Channel in Blockchain

Payment channels serve as an effective solution to the scalability problem of cryptocurrencies, which significantly increase transaction rates by allowing users to conduct large-scale offline transactions off-chain without posting everything to the blockchain. However, the existing payment channels lack privacy protection for the transaction amount and the linking relationship between the two parties to the transaction. Therefore, in order to address the scalability and privacy issues of cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin, this paper proposes a zk-SNARKs-based anonymous payment channel (zk-APC), which supports an unlimited number of off-chain payments between the payer and the payee and protects the privacy of the participants. Specifically, the proposed scheme achieves relational anonymity and amount privacy for both on-chain and off-chain transactions in the payment channel through utilizing zero-knowledge proof (zk-SNARKs) and commitment schemes. This paper proves that the proposed method is more effective than similar schemes through a performance evaluation.
Learning and Repair of Deep Reinforcement Learning Policies from Fuzz-Testing Data

Reinforcement learning from demonstrations (RLfD) is a promising approach to improve the exploration efficiency of reinforcement learning (RL) by learning from expert demonstrations in addition to interactions with the environment. In this paper, we propose a framework that combines techniques from search-based testing with RLfD with the goal to raise the level of dependability of RL policies and to reduce human engineering effort. Within our framework, we provide methods for efficiently training, evaluating, and repairing RL policies. Instead of relying on the costly collection of demonstrations from (human) experts, we automatically compute a diverse set of demonstrations via search-based fuzzing methods and use the fuzz demonstrations for RLfD. To evaluate the safety and robustness of the trained RL agent, we search for safety-critical scenarios in the black-box environment. Finally, when unsafe behavior is detected, we compute demonstrations through fuzz testing that represent safe behavior and use them to repair the policy. Our experiments show that our framework is able to efficiently learn high-performing and safe policies without requiring any expert knowledge.
Toward Automatically Completing GitHub Workflows

Continuous integration and delivery (CI/CD) are nowadays at the core of software development. Their benefits come at the cost of setting up and maintaining the CI/CD pipeline, which requires knowledge and skills often orthogonal to those entailed in other software-related tasks. While several recommender systems have been proposed to support developers across a variety of tasks, little automated support is available when it comes to setting up and maintaining CI/CD pipelines. We present GH-WCOM (GitHub Workflow COMpletion), a Transformer-based approach supporting developers in writing a specific type of CI/CD pipelines, namely GitHub workflows. To deal with such a task, we designed an abstraction process to help the learning of the transformer while still making GH-WCOM able to recommend very peculiar workflow elements such as tool options and scripting elements. Our empirical study shows that GH-WCOM provides up to 34.23% correct predictions, and the model's confidence is a reliable proxy for the recommendations' correctness likelihood.
Fine-SE: Integrating Semantic Features and Expert Features for Software Effort Estimation

Reliable effort estimation is of paramount importance to software planning and management, especially in industry that requires effective and on-time delivery. Although various estimation approaches have been proposed (e.g., planning poker and analogy), they may be manual and/or subjective, which are difficult to apply to other projects. In recent years, deep learning approaches for effort estimation that rely on learning expert features or semantic features respectively have been extensively studied and have been found to be promising. Semantic features and expert features describe software tasks from different perspectives, however, in the literature, the best combination of these two features has not been explored to enhance effort estimation. Additionally, there are a few studies that discuss which expert features are useful for estimating effort in the industry. To this end, we investigate the potential 13 expert features that can be used to estimate effort by interviewing 26 enterprise employees. Based on that, we propose a novel model, called Fine-SE, that leverages semantic features and expert features for effort estimation. To validate our model, a series of evaluations are conducted on more than 30,000 software tasks from 17 industrial projects of a global ICT enterprise and four open-source software (OSS) projects. The evaluation results indicate that Fine-SE provides higher performance than the baselines on evaluation measures (i.e., mean absolute error, mean magnitude of relative error, and performance indicator), particularly in industrial projects with large amounts of software tasks, which implies a significant improvement in effort estimation. In comparison with expert estimation, Fine-SE improves the performance of evaluation measures by 32.0%-45.2% in within-project estimation. In comparison with the state-of-the-art models, Deep-SE and GPT2SP, it also achieves an improvement of 8.9%-91.4% in industrial projects. The experimental results reveal the value of integrating expert features with semantic features in effort estimation.
RUNNER: Responsible UNfair NEuron Repair for Enhancing Deep Neural Network Fairness

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs), an emerging software technology, have achieved impressive results in a variety of fields. However, the discriminatory behaviors towards certain groups (a.k.a. unfairness) of DNN models increasingly become a social concern, especially in high-stake applications such as loan approval and criminal risk assessment. Although there has been a number of works to improve model fairness, most of them adopt an adversary to either expand the model architecture or augment training data, which introduces excessive computational overhead. Recent work diagnoses responsible unfair neurons first and fixes them with selective retraining. Unfortunately, existing diagnosis process is time-consuming due to multi-step training sample analysis, and selective retraining may cause a performance bottleneck due to indirectly adjusting unfair neurons on biased samples. In this paper, we propose Responsible UNfair NEuron Repair (RUNNER) that improves existing works in three key aspects: (1) efficiency: we design the Importance-based Neuron Diagnosis that identifies responsible unfair neurons in one step with a novel importance criterion of neurons; (2) effectiveness: we design the Neuron Stabilizing Retraining by adding a loss term that measures the activation distance of responsible unfair neurons from different subgroups in all sources; (3) generalization: we investigate the effectiveness on both structured tabular data and large-scale unstructured image data, which is often ignored in prior studies. Our extensive experiments across 5 datasets show that RUUNER can effectively and efficiently diagnose and repair the DNNs regarding unfairness. On average, our approach significantly reduces computing overhead from 341.7s to 29.65s, and achieves improved fairness up to 79.3%. Besides, RUNNER also keeps state-of-the-art results on the unstructured dataset.
FAIR: Flow Type-Aware Pre-Training of Compiler Intermediate Representations

While the majority of existing pre-trained models from code learn source code features such as code tokens and abstract syntax trees, there are some other works that focus on learning from compiler intermediate representations (IRs). Existing IR-based models typically utilize IR features such as instructions, control and data flow graphs (CDFGs), call graphs, etc. However, these methods confuse variable nodes and instruction nodes in a CDFG and fail to distinguish different types of flows, and the neural networks they use fail to capture long-distance dependencies and have over-smoothing and over-squashing problems. To address these weaknesses, we propose FAIR, a Flow type-Aware pre-trained model for IR that involves employing (1) a novel input representation of IR programs; (2) Graph Transformer to address over-smoothing, over-squashing and long-dependencies problems; and (3) five pre-training tasks that we specifically propose to enable FAIR to learn the semantics of IR tokens, flow type information, and the overall representation of IR. Experimental results show that FAIR can achieve state-of-the-art results on four code-related downstream tasks.
Mitigating Algorithm Aversion in Recruiting: A Study on Explainable AI for Conversational Agents

The use of conversational agents (CAs) based on artificial intelligence (AI) is becoming more common in the field of recruiting. Organizations are now adopting AI-based CAs for applicant (pre-)selection, but negative news coverage, especially the black-box character of AI, has hindered adoption. So far, little is known about the contextual factors influencing users' perception of AI-based CAs in general and the effect of provided explanations by explainable AI (XAI) in particular. While research on algorithm aversion provides some initial explanations, information regarding the effects of different XAI approaches on different types of decisions on the attitudes of (potential) applicants is scarce. Therefore, in this study, we use a quantitative, quota-representative study (n = 490) to assess the acceptance of CAs in recruiting. By applying an experimental within-subject design, we provide a more nuanced perspective on why and when providing explanations increases user acceptance. We also show that contextual factors such as the type of assessed skills are major determinants of this effect, and we conclude that XAI is not a "one-size-fits-all approach." Based on the insight that contextual factors of the decision problem are more important than the type of XAI approach itself, we argue that the use and the effects of explainability in recruiting need a more nuanced perspective, focusing on the fit of explanations with the user's characteristics and preferences.
Enhancing online health consultations through fuzzy logic-integrated attribute-based encryption system

Online health consultations are becoming more popular as a result of technological improvements. Patients routinely look for information about medical disorders online, which could jeopardize the privacy of medical records and increase the workload of healthcare professionals. Nonetheless, academics continue to be extremely concerned about issues related to the quality characteristics that relate to the current architectural models, such as energy consumption, latency, resource utilization, scalability, and packet loss. This method, however, also results in a significant strain being placed on medical experts who must sort through vast amounts of medical records to extract certain information. This paper presents a novel ciphertext policy attribute-based encryption method coupled with fuzzy logic to overcome these issues. This solution uses a hybrid structure of IPFS and blockchain to store data and enables complex bidirectional access control. Before being added to IPFS, medical records are encrypted. To ensure data integrity, related IPFS hash indexes are then added to the blockchain. Utilizing attribute-based technology, users’ data is encrypted to give them fine-grained bidirectional access control. A thorough security analysis proves the system’s resilience, especially when faced with chosen plaintext assaults inside the random oracle model. Tests for this study were conducted using 10–50 attribute sets. This paper’s technique solely makes use of a hash operation. All things considered; the study demonstrates that the proposed design is more efficient than earlier schemes. Thus, from the comparison study above, it can be concluded that the system presented in this work is more efficient. Results from simulations provide additional support for the suggested methodology by highlighting the improved computing efficiency of users as compared to baseline conventional systems. This study demonstrates how technological advancement and healthcare requirements can coexist harmoniously, paving the way for secure and effective online medical consultations that are powered by fuzzy logic.
Modeling the enablers of blockchain technology implementation for information management in healthcare supply chains

Purpose Blockchain technology enhances information management in healthcare supply chains by securing healthcare information and providing medical resource traceability. However, there is no decision framework to support blockchain implementation for managing information, especially in emerging economies’ healthcare supply chains. This paper develops a hierarchical decision model for implementing blockchain technology for information management in emerging economies’ healthcare supply chains. Design/methodology/approach This study uses 20 health supply chain experts in Ghana to rank 17 decision criteria for implementing blockchain for healthcare information management using the best-worst method (BWM) multi-criteria decision technique. Findings The results show that “security” and “privacy,” “infrastructural facility” and “presence of training facilities” are the top three critical factors impacting blockchain adoption in the health supply chain for healthcare information management. Other sub-factors are prioritized. Practical implications To implement blockchain effectively to enhance information management in the healthcare supply chain, health institutions, blockchain technology providers and state authorities should concentrate on the highly critical factors extracted from the study. Originality/value This is the first study that develops a hierarchical decision model for implementing blockchain technology in emerging economies' health supply chains.
A Lightweight Image Super-Resolution Reconstruction Algorithm Based on the Residual Feature Distillation Mechanism

In recent years, the development of image super-resolution (SR) has explored the capabilities of convolutional neural networks (CNNs). The current research tends to use deeper CNNs to improve performance. However, blindly increasing the depth of the network does not effectively enhance its performance. Moreover, as the network depth increases, more issues arise during the training process, requiring additional training techniques. In this paper, we propose a lightweight image super-resolution reconstruction algorithm (SISR-RFDM) based on the residual feature distillation mechanism (RFDM). Building upon residual blocks, we introduce spatial attention (SA) modules to provide more informative cues for recovering high-frequency details such as image edges and textures. Additionally, the output of each residual block is utilized as hierarchical features for global feature fusion (GFF), enhancing inter-layer information flow and feature reuse. Finally, all these features are fed into the reconstruction module to restore high-quality images. Experimental results demonstrate that our proposed algorithm outperforms other comparative algorithms in terms of both subjective visual effects and objective evaluation quality. The peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) is improved by 0.23 dB, and the structural similarity index (SSIM) reaches 0.9607.
Understanding poetry using natural language processing tools: a survey

Abstract Analyzing poetry with automatic tools has great potential for improving verse-related research. Over the last few decades, this field has expanded notably and a large number of tools aiming at analyzing various aspects of poetry have been developed. However, the concrete connection between these tools and traditional scholars investigating poetry and metrics is often missing. The purpose of this article is to bridge this gap by providing a comprehensive survey of the automatic poetry analysis tools available for European languages. The tools are described and classified according to the language for which they are primarily developed, and to their functionalities and purpose. Particular attention is given to those that have open-source code or provide an online version with the same functionality. Combining more traditional research with these tools has clear advantages: it provides the opportunity to address theoretical questions with the support of large amounts of data; also, it allows for the development of new and diversified approaches.